diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 1cebad3bcbc6324f954d68f5e25bdfa9a458ee2e..6051076fb505f86c9ab1922996be25dc43395f09 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.2.4
 	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.5.0
 	github.com/lib/pq v1.9.0
-	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v0.0.0-20180926090220-0a88db3545c4
+	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.6
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.9.0
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201221181555-eec23a3978ad
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 653961ebe0a950aa049c58b2764663a2067371e7..ca0d959811ea4a57f9ec66b47622b4e105a47e8c 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -185,8 +185,6 @@ github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0/go.mod h1:dAy3ld7l9f0ibDNOQOHHMYYIIbhfbHSm3C4ZsoJORN
 github.com/kr/pty v1.1.1/go.mod h1:pFQYn66WHrOpPYNljwOMqo10TkYh1fy3cYio2l3bCsQ=
 github.com/kr/text v0.1.0 h1:45sCR5RtlFHMR4UwH9sdQ5TC8v0qDQCHnXt+kaKSTVE=
 github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
-github.com/lib/pq v0.0.0-20190326042056-d6156e141ac6 h1:faSzJmSgOhbgs/gWoEPhVr+mHTZWGFwiBgCW6/P49VM=
-github.com/lib/pq v0.0.0-20190326042056-d6156e141ac6/go.mod h1:5WUZQaWbwv1U+lTReE5YruASi9Al49XbQIvNi/34Woo=
 github.com/lib/pq v1.9.0 h1:L8nSXQQzAYByakOFMTwpjRoHsMJklur4Gi59b6VivR8=
 github.com/lib/pq v1.9.0/go.mod h1:AlVN5x4E4T544tWzH6hKfbfQvm3HdbOxrmggDNAPY9o=
 github.com/lightstep/lightstep-tracer-common/golang/gogo v0.0.0-20190605223551-bc2310a04743/go.mod h1:qklhhLq1aX+mtWk9cPHPzaBjWImj5ULL6C7HFJtXQMM=
@@ -198,8 +196,8 @@ github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.0.9/go.mod h1:9vuHe8Xs5qXnSaW/c/ABM9alt+Vo+STaO
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.3/go.mod h1:M+lRXTBqGeGNdLjl/ufCoiOlB5xdOkqRJdNxMWT7Zi4=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.4/go.mod h1:M+lRXTBqGeGNdLjl/ufCoiOlB5xdOkqRJdNxMWT7Zi4=
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.2/go.mod h1:LwmH8dsx7+W8Uxz3IHJYH5QSwggIsqBzpuz5H//U1FU=
-github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v0.0.0-20180926090220-0a88db3545c4 h1:yqLtdnsIwi5hBOhHZyF0JDPMLKiPT3R3rBIND41j7mk=
-github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v0.0.0-20180926090220-0a88db3545c4/go.mod h1:FPy6KqzDD04eiIsT53CuJW3U88zkxoIYsOqkbpncsNc=
+github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.6 h1:dNPt6NO46WmLVt2DLNpwczCmdV5boIZ6g/tlDrlRUbg=
+github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.6/go.mod h1:NyWgC/yNuGj7Q9rpYnZvas74GogHl5/Z4A/KQRfk6bU=
 github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.1 h1:4hp9jkHxhMHkqkrB3Ix0jegS5sx/RkqARlsWZ6pIwiU=
 github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.1/go.mod h1:D8He9yQNgCq6Z5Ld7szi9bcBfOoFv/3dc6xSMkL2PC0=
 github.com/miekg/dns v1.0.14/go.mod h1:W1PPwlIAgtquWBMBEV9nkV9Cazfe8ScdGz/Lj7v3Nrg=
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/.codecov.yml b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/.codecov.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35cde5cd5e85439b1f45a2eea841bd9dbd38032e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/.codecov.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+coverage:
+  status:
+    project: off
+    patch: off
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/.travis.yml b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/.travis.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 0bc4fb4a13a9d4b82255868d41e61b8ba4a2fb9b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/.travis.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-language: go
-
-os:
-  - linux
-  - osx
-
-addons:
-  apt:
-    update: true
-
-env:
-  matrix:
-    - GOTAGS=
-    - GOTAGS=libsqlite3
-    - GOTAGS="sqlite_allow_uri_authority sqlite_app_armor sqlite_foreign_keys sqlite_fts5 sqlite_icu sqlite_introspect sqlite_json sqlite_secure_delete sqlite_see sqlite_stat4 sqlite_trace sqlite_userauth sqlite_vacuum_incr sqlite_vtable"
-    - GOTAGS=sqlite_vacuum_full
-
-go:
-  - 1.9.x
-  - 1.10.x
-
-before_install:
-  - |
-    if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then 
-      brew update
-    fi
-  - |
-    go get github.com/smartystreets/goconvey
-    if [[ "${GOOS}" != "windows" ]]; then
-      go get github.com/mattn/goveralls
-      go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/cover
-    fi
-
-script:
-  - GOOS=$(go env GOOS) GOARCH=$(go env GOARCH) go build -v -tags "${GOTAGS}" .
-  - |
-    if [[ "${GOOS}" != "windows" ]]; then
-      $HOME/gopath/bin/goveralls -repotoken 3qJVUE0iQwqnCbmNcDsjYu1nh4J4KIFXx
-      go test -race -v . -tags "${GOTAGS}"
-    fi
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/README.md b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/README.md
index a764be8225accfef7128d97448326c3bc0282e03..746621f9fdac963a9fb98a6afdc51ff3231c4d40 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/README.md
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/README.md
@@ -2,31 +2,40 @@ go-sqlite3
 ==========
 
 [![GoDoc Reference](https://godoc.org/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3?status.svg)](http://godoc.org/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/mattn/go-sqlite3.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/mattn/go-sqlite3)
-[![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/mattn/go-sqlite3/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/mattn/go-sqlite3?branch=master)
+[![GitHub Actions](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/workflows/Go/badge.svg)](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/actions?query=workflow%3AGo)
+[![Financial Contributors on Open Collective](https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/all/badge.svg?label=financial+contributors)](https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3) 
+[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/mattn/go-sqlite3/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/mattn/go-sqlite3)
 [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3)
 
+Latest stable version is v1.14 or later not v2.
+
+~~**NOTE:** The increase to v2 was an accident. There were no major changes or features.~~
+
 # Description
 
 sqlite3 driver conforming to the built-in database/sql interface
 
-Supported Golang version:
-- 1.9.x
-- 1.10.x
+Supported Golang version: See [.github/workflows/go.yaml](./.github/workflows/go.yaml)
 
 [This package follows the official Golang Release Policy.](https://golang.org/doc/devel/release.html#policy)
 
 ### Overview
 
+- [go-sqlite3](#go-sqlite3)
+- [Description](#description)
+    - [Overview](#overview)
 - [Installation](#installation)
 - [API Reference](#api-reference)
 - [Connection String](#connection-string)
+  - [DSN Examples](#dsn-examples)
 - [Features](#features)
+    - [Usage](#usage)
+    - [Feature / Extension List](#feature--extension-list)
 - [Compilation](#compilation)
   - [Android](#android)
-  - [ARM](#arm)
-  - [Cross Compile](#cross-compile)
-  - [Google Cloud Platform](#google-cloud-platform)
+- [ARM](#arm)
+- [Cross Compile](#cross-compile)
+- [Google Cloud Platform](#google-cloud-platform)
   - [Linux](#linux)
     - [Alpine](#alpine)
     - [Fedora](#fedora)
@@ -36,11 +45,22 @@ Supported Golang version:
   - [Errors](#errors)
 - [User Authentication](#user-authentication)
   - [Compile](#compile)
-  - [Usage](#usage)
+  - [Usage](#usage-1)
+    - [Create protected database](#create-protected-database)
+    - [Password Encoding](#password-encoding)
+      - [Available Encoders](#available-encoders)
+    - [Restrictions](#restrictions)
+    - [Support](#support)
+    - [User Management](#user-management)
+      - [SQL](#sql)
+        - [Examples](#examples)
+      - [*SQLiteConn](#sqliteconn)
+    - [Attached database](#attached-database)
 - [Extensions](#extensions)
   - [Spatialite](#spatialite)
 - [FAQ](#faq)
 - [License](#license)
+- [Author](#author)
 
 # Installation
 
@@ -67,6 +87,7 @@ This is also known as a DSN string. (Data Source Name).
 
 Options are append after the filename of the SQLite database.
 The database filename and options are seperated by an `?` (Question Mark).
+Options should be URL-encoded (see [url.QueryEscape](https://golang.org/pkg/net/url/#QueryEscape)).
 
 This also applies when using an in-memory database instead of a file.
 
@@ -104,6 +125,8 @@ Boolean values can be one of:
 | Time Zone Location | `_loc` | auto | Specify location of time format. |
 | Transaction Lock | `_txlock` | <ul><li>immediate</li><li>deferred</li><li>exclusive</li></ul> | Specify locking behavior for transactions. |
 | Writable Schema | `_writable_schema` | `Boolean` | When this pragma is on, the SQLITE_MASTER tables in which database can be changed using ordinary UPDATE, INSERT, and DELETE statements. Warning: misuse of this pragma can easily result in a corrupt database file. |
+| Cache Size | `_cache_size` | `int` | Maximum cache size; default is 2000K (2M). See [PRAGMA cache_size](https://sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_cache_size) |
+
 
 ## DSN Examples
 
@@ -150,6 +173,7 @@ go build --tags "icu json1 fts5 secure_delete"
 |  International Components for Unicode | sqlite_icu | This option causes the International Components for Unicode or "ICU" extension to SQLite to be added to the build |
 | Introspect PRAGMAS | sqlite_introspect | This option adds some extra PRAGMA statements. <ul><li>PRAGMA function_list</li><li>PRAGMA module_list</li><li>PRAGMA pragma_list</li></ul> |
 | JSON SQL Functions | sqlite_json | When this option is defined in the amalgamation, the JSON SQL functions are added to the build automatically |
+| Pre Update Hook | sqlite_preupdate_hook | Registers a callback function that is invoked prior to each INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operation on a database table. |
 | Secure Delete | sqlite_secure_delete | This compile-time option changes the default setting of the secure_delete pragma.<br><br>When this option is not used, secure_delete defaults to off. When this option is present, secure_delete defaults to on.<br><br>The secure_delete setting causes deleted content to be overwritten with zeros. There is a small performance penalty since additional I/O must occur.<br><br>On the other hand, secure_delete can prevent fragments of sensitive information from lingering in unused parts of the database file after it has been deleted. See the documentation on the secure_delete pragma for additional information |
 | Secure Delete (FAST) | sqlite_secure_delete_fast | For more information see [PRAGMA secure_delete](https://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_secure_delete) |
 | Tracing / Debug | sqlite_trace | Activate trace functions |
@@ -192,13 +216,19 @@ This library can be cross-compiled.
 
 In some cases you are required to the `CC` environment variable with the cross compiler.
 
-Additional information:
-- [#491](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/issues/491)
-- [#560](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/issues/560)
+## Cross Compiling from MAC OSX
+The simplest way to cross compile from OSX is to use [xgo](https://github.com/karalabe/xgo).
+
+Steps:
+- Install [xgo](https://github.com/karalabe/xgo) (`go get github.com/karalabe/xgo`).
+- Ensure that your project is within your `GOPATH`.
+- Run `xgo local/path/to/project`.
+
+Please refer to the project's [README](https://github.com/karalabe/xgo/blob/master/README.md) for further information.
 
 # Google Cloud Platform
 
-Building on GCP is not possible because `Google Cloud Platform does not allow `gcc` to be executed.
+Building on GCP is not possible because Google Cloud Platform does not allow `gcc` to be executed.
 
 Please work only with compiled final binaries.
 
@@ -248,7 +278,7 @@ Required dependency
 brew install sqlite3
 ```
 
-For OSX there is an additional package install which is required if you whish to build the `icu` extension.
+For OSX there is an additional package install which is required if you wish to build the `icu` extension.
 
 This additional package can be installed with `homebrew`.
 
@@ -281,7 +311,7 @@ To compile this package on Windows OS you must have the `gcc` compiler installed
 3) Open a terminal for the TDM-GCC toolchain, can be found in the Windows Start menu.
 4) Navigate to your project folder and run the `go build ...` command for this package.
 
-For example the TDM-GCC Toolchain can be found [here](ttps://sourceforge.net/projects/tdm-gcc/).
+For example the TDM-GCC Toolchain can be found [here](https://sourceforge.net/projects/tdm-gcc/).
 
 ## Errors
 
@@ -290,7 +320,7 @@ For example the TDM-GCC Toolchain can be found [here](ttps://sourceforge.net/pro
     When receiving a compile time error referencing recompile with `-FPIC` then you
     are probably using a hardend system.
 
-    You can copile the library on a hardend system with the following command.
+    You can compile the library on a hardend system with the following command.
 
     ```bash
     go build -ldflags '-extldflags=-fno-PIC'
@@ -433,6 +463,16 @@ If you want your own extension to be listed here or you want to add a reference
 Spatialite is available as an extension to SQLite, and can be used in combination with this repository.
 For an example see [shaxbee/go-spatialite](https://github.com/shaxbee/go-spatialite).
 
+## extension-functions.c from SQLite3 Contrib
+
+extension-functions.c is available as an extension to SQLite, and provides the following functions:
+
+- Math: acos, asin, atan, atn2, atan2, acosh, asinh, atanh, difference, degrees, radians, cos, sin, tan, cot, cosh, sinh, tanh, coth, exp, log, log10, power, sign, sqrt, square, ceil, floor, pi.
+- String: replicate, charindex, leftstr, rightstr, ltrim, rtrim, trim, replace, reverse, proper, padl, padr, padc, strfilter.
+- Aggregate: stdev, variance, mode, median, lower_quartile, upper_quartile
+
+For an example see [dinedal/go-sqlite3-extension-functions](https://github.com/dinedal/go-sqlite3-extension-functions).
+
 # FAQ
 
 - Getting insert error while query is opened.
@@ -457,15 +497,19 @@ For an example see [shaxbee/go-spatialite](https://github.com/shaxbee/go-spatial
 
     Why is it racy if I use a `sql.Open("sqlite3", ":memory:")` database?
 
-    Each connection to :memory: opens a brand new in-memory sql database, so if
+    Each connection to `":memory:"` opens a brand new in-memory sql database, so if
     the stdlib's sql engine happens to open another connection and you've only
-    specified ":memory:", that connection will see a brand new database. A
-    workaround is to use "file::memory:?mode=memory&cache=shared". Every
-    connection to this string will point to the same in-memory database. 
+    specified `":memory:"`, that connection will see a brand new database. A
+    workaround is to use `"file::memory:?cache=shared"` (or `"file:foobar?mode=memory&cache=shared"`). Every
+    connection to this string will point to the same in-memory database.
+    
+    Note that if the last database connection in the pool closes, the in-memory database is deleted. Make sure the [max idle connection limit](https://golang.org/pkg/database/sql/#DB.SetMaxIdleConns) is > 0, and the [connection lifetime](https://golang.org/pkg/database/sql/#DB.SetConnMaxLifetime) is infinite.
     
     For more information see
     * [#204](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/issues/204)
     * [#511](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/issues/511)
+    * https://www.sqlite.org/sharedcache.html#shared_cache_and_in_memory_databases
+    * https://www.sqlite.org/inmemorydb.html#sharedmemdb
 
 - Reading from database with large amount of goroutines fails on OSX.
 
@@ -480,11 +524,11 @@ For an example see [shaxbee/go-spatialite](https://github.com/shaxbee/go-spatial
 
     You need to implement the feature or call the sqlite3 cli.
 
-    More infomation see [#305](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/issues/305)
+    More information see [#305](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/issues/305)
 
 - Error: `database is locked`
 
-    When you get an database is locked. Please use the following options.
+    When you get a database is locked. Please use the following options.
 
     Add to DSN: `cache=shared`
 
@@ -496,11 +540,41 @@ For an example see [shaxbee/go-spatialite](https://github.com/shaxbee/go-spatial
     Second please set the database connections of the SQL package to 1.
     
     ```go
-    db.SetMaxOpenConn(1)
+    db.SetMaxOpenConns(1)
     ```
 
     More information see [#209](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/issues/209)
 
+## Contributors
+
+### Code Contributors
+
+This project exists thanks to all the people who contribute. [[Contribute](CONTRIBUTING.md)].
+<a href="https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/graphs/contributors"><img src="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/contributors.svg?width=890&button=false" /></a>
+
+### Financial Contributors
+
+Become a financial contributor and help us sustain our community. [[Contribute](https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/contribute)]
+
+#### Individuals
+
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3"><img src="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/individuals.svg?width=890"></a>
+
+#### Organizations
+
+Support this project with your organization. Your logo will show up here with a link to your website. [[Contribute](https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/contribute)]
+
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/0/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/0/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/1/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/1/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/2/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/2/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/3/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/3/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/4/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/4/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/5/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/5/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/6/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/6/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/7/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/7/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/8/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/8/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/9/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/mattn-go-sqlite3/organization/9/avatar.svg"></a>
+
 # License
 
 MIT: http://mattn.mit-license.org/2018
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/backup.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/backup.go
index 5ab3a54ded0e7f8bf4a6a4a8841312ac2caa41f4..e222cc888069724ce8d9ed1390ce764ff696f795 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/backup.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/backup.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
@@ -25,18 +25,18 @@ type SQLiteBackup struct {
 }
 
 // Backup make backup from src to dest.
-func (c *SQLiteConn) Backup(dest string, conn *SQLiteConn, src string) (*SQLiteBackup, error) {
+func (destConn *SQLiteConn) Backup(dest string, srcConn *SQLiteConn, src string) (*SQLiteBackup, error) {
 	destptr := C.CString(dest)
 	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(destptr))
 	srcptr := C.CString(src)
 	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(srcptr))
 
-	if b := C.sqlite3_backup_init(c.db, destptr, conn.db, srcptr); b != nil {
+	if b := C.sqlite3_backup_init(destConn.db, destptr, srcConn.db, srcptr); b != nil {
 		bb := &SQLiteBackup{b: b}
 		runtime.SetFinalizer(bb, (*SQLiteBackup).Finish)
 		return bb, nil
 	}
-	return nil, c.lastError()
+	return nil, destConn.lastError()
 }
 
 // Step to backs up for one step. Calls the underlying `sqlite3_backup_step`
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/callback.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/callback.go
index 2c68973b8555c4674f846b598e608af3adecec35..c3ce75207ddccfe235cffd38e771c9c7b91b22ce 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/callback.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/callback.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
@@ -35,86 +35,97 @@ import (
 //export callbackTrampoline
 func callbackTrampoline(ctx *C.sqlite3_context, argc int, argv **C.sqlite3_value) {
 	args := (*[(math.MaxInt32 - 1) / unsafe.Sizeof((*C.sqlite3_value)(nil))]*C.sqlite3_value)(unsafe.Pointer(argv))[:argc:argc]
-	fi := lookupHandle(uintptr(C.sqlite3_user_data(ctx))).(*functionInfo)
+	fi := lookupHandle(C.sqlite3_user_data(ctx)).(*functionInfo)
 	fi.Call(ctx, args)
 }
 
 //export stepTrampoline
 func stepTrampoline(ctx *C.sqlite3_context, argc C.int, argv **C.sqlite3_value) {
 	args := (*[(math.MaxInt32 - 1) / unsafe.Sizeof((*C.sqlite3_value)(nil))]*C.sqlite3_value)(unsafe.Pointer(argv))[:int(argc):int(argc)]
-	ai := lookupHandle(uintptr(C.sqlite3_user_data(ctx))).(*aggInfo)
+	ai := lookupHandle(C.sqlite3_user_data(ctx)).(*aggInfo)
 	ai.Step(ctx, args)
 }
 
 //export doneTrampoline
 func doneTrampoline(ctx *C.sqlite3_context) {
-	handle := uintptr(C.sqlite3_user_data(ctx))
-	ai := lookupHandle(handle).(*aggInfo)
+	ai := lookupHandle(C.sqlite3_user_data(ctx)).(*aggInfo)
 	ai.Done(ctx)
 }
 
 //export compareTrampoline
-func compareTrampoline(handlePtr uintptr, la C.int, a *C.char, lb C.int, b *C.char) C.int {
+func compareTrampoline(handlePtr unsafe.Pointer, la C.int, a *C.char, lb C.int, b *C.char) C.int {
 	cmp := lookupHandle(handlePtr).(func(string, string) int)
 	return C.int(cmp(C.GoStringN(a, la), C.GoStringN(b, lb)))
 }
 
 //export commitHookTrampoline
-func commitHookTrampoline(handle uintptr) int {
+func commitHookTrampoline(handle unsafe.Pointer) int {
 	callback := lookupHandle(handle).(func() int)
 	return callback()
 }
 
 //export rollbackHookTrampoline
-func rollbackHookTrampoline(handle uintptr) {
+func rollbackHookTrampoline(handle unsafe.Pointer) {
 	callback := lookupHandle(handle).(func())
 	callback()
 }
 
 //export updateHookTrampoline
-func updateHookTrampoline(handle uintptr, op int, db *C.char, table *C.char, rowid int64) {
+func updateHookTrampoline(handle unsafe.Pointer, op int, db *C.char, table *C.char, rowid int64) {
 	callback := lookupHandle(handle).(func(int, string, string, int64))
 	callback(op, C.GoString(db), C.GoString(table), rowid)
 }
 
 //export authorizerTrampoline
-func authorizerTrampoline(handle uintptr, op int, arg1 *C.char, arg2 *C.char, arg3 *C.char) int {
+func authorizerTrampoline(handle unsafe.Pointer, op int, arg1 *C.char, arg2 *C.char, arg3 *C.char) int {
 	callback := lookupHandle(handle).(func(int, string, string, string) int)
 	return callback(op, C.GoString(arg1), C.GoString(arg2), C.GoString(arg3))
 }
 
-// Use handles to avoid passing Go pointers to C.
+//export preUpdateHookTrampoline
+func preUpdateHookTrampoline(handle unsafe.Pointer, dbHandle uintptr, op int, db *C.char, table *C.char, oldrowid int64, newrowid int64) {
+	hval := lookupHandleVal(handle)
+	data := SQLitePreUpdateData{
+		Conn:         hval.db,
+		Op:           op,
+		DatabaseName: C.GoString(db),
+		TableName:    C.GoString(table),
+		OldRowID:     oldrowid,
+		NewRowID:     newrowid,
+	}
+	callback := hval.val.(func(SQLitePreUpdateData))
+	callback(data)
+}
 
+// Use handles to avoid passing Go pointers to C.
 type handleVal struct {
 	db  *SQLiteConn
 	val interface{}
 }
 
 var handleLock sync.Mutex
-var handleVals = make(map[uintptr]handleVal)
-var handleIndex uintptr = 100
+var handleVals = make(map[unsafe.Pointer]handleVal)
 
-func newHandle(db *SQLiteConn, v interface{}) uintptr {
+func newHandle(db *SQLiteConn, v interface{}) unsafe.Pointer {
 	handleLock.Lock()
 	defer handleLock.Unlock()
-	i := handleIndex
-	handleIndex++
-	handleVals[i] = handleVal{db, v}
-	return i
+	val := handleVal{db: db, val: v}
+	var p unsafe.Pointer = C.malloc(C.size_t(1))
+	if p == nil {
+		panic("can't allocate 'cgo-pointer hack index pointer': ptr == nil")
+	}
+	handleVals[p] = val
+	return p
 }
 
-func lookupHandle(handle uintptr) interface{} {
+func lookupHandleVal(handle unsafe.Pointer) handleVal {
 	handleLock.Lock()
 	defer handleLock.Unlock()
-	r, ok := handleVals[handle]
-	if !ok {
-		if handle >= 100 && handle < handleIndex {
-			panic("deleted handle")
-		} else {
-			panic("invalid handle")
-		}
-	}
-	return r.val
+	return handleVals[handle]
+}
+
+func lookupHandle(handle unsafe.Pointer) interface{} {
+	return lookupHandleVal(handle).val
 }
 
 func deleteHandles(db *SQLiteConn) {
@@ -123,6 +134,7 @@ func deleteHandles(db *SQLiteConn) {
 	for handle, val := range handleVals {
 		if val.db == db {
 			delete(handleVals, handle)
+			C.free(handle)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -368,7 +380,7 @@ func callbackRet(typ reflect.Type) (callbackRetConverter, error) {
 func callbackError(ctx *C.sqlite3_context, err error) {
 	cstr := C.CString(err.Error())
 	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cstr))
-	C.sqlite3_result_error(ctx, cstr, -1)
+	C.sqlite3_result_error(ctx, cstr, C.int(-1))
 }
 
 // Test support code. Tests are not allowed to import "C", so we can't
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/convert.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/convert.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..03850737fe18035f59fe20617f881a8a935b325a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/convert.go
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+// Extracted from Go database/sql source code
+
+// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Type conversions for Scan.
+
+package sqlite3
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"database/sql/driver"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var errNilPtr = errors.New("destination pointer is nil") // embedded in descriptive error
+
+// convertAssign copies to dest the value in src, converting it if possible.
+// An error is returned if the copy would result in loss of information.
+// dest should be a pointer type.
+func convertAssign(dest, src interface{}) error {
+	// Common cases, without reflect.
+	switch s := src.(type) {
+	case string:
+		switch d := dest.(type) {
+		case *string:
+			if d == nil {
+				return errNilPtr
+			}
+			*d = s
+			return nil
+		case *[]byte:
+			if d == nil {
+				return errNilPtr
+			}
+			*d = []byte(s)
+			return nil
+		case *sql.RawBytes:
+			if d == nil {
+				return errNilPtr
+			}
+			*d = append((*d)[:0], s...)
+			return nil
+		}
+	case []byte:
+		switch d := dest.(type) {
+		case *string:
+			if d == nil {
+				return errNilPtr
+			}
+			*d = string(s)
+			return nil
+		case *interface{}:
+			if d == nil {
+				return errNilPtr
+			}
+			*d = cloneBytes(s)
+			return nil
+		case *[]byte:
+			if d == nil {
+				return errNilPtr
+			}
+			*d = cloneBytes(s)
+			return nil
+		case *sql.RawBytes:
+			if d == nil {
+				return errNilPtr
+			}
+			*d = s
+			return nil
+		}
+	case time.Time:
+		switch d := dest.(type) {
+		case *time.Time:
+			*d = s
+			return nil
+		case *string:
+			*d = s.Format(time.RFC3339Nano)
+			return nil
+		case *[]byte:
+			if d == nil {
+				return errNilPtr
+			}
+			*d = []byte(s.Format(time.RFC3339Nano))
+			return nil
+		case *sql.RawBytes:
+			if d == nil {
+				return errNilPtr
+			}
+			*d = s.AppendFormat((*d)[:0], time.RFC3339Nano)
+			return nil
+		}
+	case nil:
+		switch d := dest.(type) {
+		case *interface{}:
+			if d == nil {
+				return errNilPtr
+			}
+			*d = nil
+			return nil
+		case *[]byte:
+			if d == nil {
+				return errNilPtr
+			}
+			*d = nil
+			return nil
+		case *sql.RawBytes:
+			if d == nil {
+				return errNilPtr
+			}
+			*d = nil
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	var sv reflect.Value
+
+	switch d := dest.(type) {
+	case *string:
+		sv = reflect.ValueOf(src)
+		switch sv.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Bool,
+			reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64,
+			reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64,
+			reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+			*d = asString(src)
+			return nil
+		}
+	case *[]byte:
+		sv = reflect.ValueOf(src)
+		if b, ok := asBytes(nil, sv); ok {
+			*d = b
+			return nil
+		}
+	case *sql.RawBytes:
+		sv = reflect.ValueOf(src)
+		if b, ok := asBytes([]byte(*d)[:0], sv); ok {
+			*d = sql.RawBytes(b)
+			return nil
+		}
+	case *bool:
+		bv, err := driver.Bool.ConvertValue(src)
+		if err == nil {
+			*d = bv.(bool)
+		}
+		return err
+	case *interface{}:
+		*d = src
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if scanner, ok := dest.(sql.Scanner); ok {
+		return scanner.Scan(src)
+	}
+
+	dpv := reflect.ValueOf(dest)
+	if dpv.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+		return errors.New("destination not a pointer")
+	}
+	if dpv.IsNil() {
+		return errNilPtr
+	}
+
+	if !sv.IsValid() {
+		sv = reflect.ValueOf(src)
+	}
+
+	dv := reflect.Indirect(dpv)
+	if sv.IsValid() && sv.Type().AssignableTo(dv.Type()) {
+		switch b := src.(type) {
+		case []byte:
+			dv.Set(reflect.ValueOf(cloneBytes(b)))
+		default:
+			dv.Set(sv)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if dv.Kind() == sv.Kind() && sv.Type().ConvertibleTo(dv.Type()) {
+		dv.Set(sv.Convert(dv.Type()))
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// The following conversions use a string value as an intermediate representation
+	// to convert between various numeric types.
+	//
+	// This also allows scanning into user defined types such as "type Int int64".
+	// For symmetry, also check for string destination types.
+	switch dv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		if src == nil {
+			dv.Set(reflect.Zero(dv.Type()))
+			return nil
+		}
+		dv.Set(reflect.New(dv.Type().Elem()))
+		return convertAssign(dv.Interface(), src)
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		s := asString(src)
+		i64, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, dv.Type().Bits())
+		if err != nil {
+			err = strconvErr(err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("converting driver.Value type %T (%q) to a %s: %v", src, s, dv.Kind(), err)
+		}
+		dv.SetInt(i64)
+		return nil
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		s := asString(src)
+		u64, err := strconv.ParseUint(s, 10, dv.Type().Bits())
+		if err != nil {
+			err = strconvErr(err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("converting driver.Value type %T (%q) to a %s: %v", src, s, dv.Kind(), err)
+		}
+		dv.SetUint(u64)
+		return nil
+	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		s := asString(src)
+		f64, err := strconv.ParseFloat(s, dv.Type().Bits())
+		if err != nil {
+			err = strconvErr(err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("converting driver.Value type %T (%q) to a %s: %v", src, s, dv.Kind(), err)
+		}
+		dv.SetFloat(f64)
+		return nil
+	case reflect.String:
+		switch v := src.(type) {
+		case string:
+			dv.SetString(v)
+			return nil
+		case []byte:
+			dv.SetString(string(v))
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Errorf("unsupported Scan, storing driver.Value type %T into type %T", src, dest)
+}
+
+func strconvErr(err error) error {
+	if ne, ok := err.(*strconv.NumError); ok {
+		return ne.Err
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func cloneBytes(b []byte) []byte {
+	if b == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	c := make([]byte, len(b))
+	copy(c, b)
+	return c
+}
+
+func asString(src interface{}) string {
+	switch v := src.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return v
+	case []byte:
+		return string(v)
+	}
+	rv := reflect.ValueOf(src)
+	switch rv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		return strconv.FormatInt(rv.Int(), 10)
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		return strconv.FormatUint(rv.Uint(), 10)
+	case reflect.Float64:
+		return strconv.FormatFloat(rv.Float(), 'g', -1, 64)
+	case reflect.Float32:
+		return strconv.FormatFloat(rv.Float(), 'g', -1, 32)
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		return strconv.FormatBool(rv.Bool())
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%v", src)
+}
+
+func asBytes(buf []byte, rv reflect.Value) (b []byte, ok bool) {
+	switch rv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		return strconv.AppendInt(buf, rv.Int(), 10), true
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		return strconv.AppendUint(buf, rv.Uint(), 10), true
+	case reflect.Float32:
+		return strconv.AppendFloat(buf, rv.Float(), 'g', -1, 32), true
+	case reflect.Float64:
+		return strconv.AppendFloat(buf, rv.Float(), 'g', -1, 64), true
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		return strconv.AppendBool(buf, rv.Bool()), true
+	case reflect.String:
+		s := rv.String()
+		return append(buf, s...), true
+	}
+	return
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/doc.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/doc.go
index c721f7708f7d77678d0e5c484f3303b781af3c11..ac27633b3ac0935a395d8d509d73cfe833c5bf60 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/doc.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/doc.go
@@ -79,9 +79,8 @@ Then, you can use this extension.
 
 Connection Hook
 
-You can hook and inject your code when the connection is established. database/sql
-doesn't provide a way to get native go-sqlite3 interfaces. So if you want,
-you need to set ConnectHook and get the SQLiteConn.
+You can hook and inject your code when the connection is established by setting
+ConnectHook to get the SQLiteConn.
 
 	sql.Register("sqlite3_with_hook_example",
 			&sqlite3.SQLiteDriver{
@@ -91,21 +90,45 @@ you need to set ConnectHook and get the SQLiteConn.
 					},
 			})
 
+You can also use database/sql.Conn.Raw (Go >= 1.13):
+
+	conn, err := db.Conn(context.Background())
+	// if err != nil { ... }
+	defer conn.Close()
+	err = conn.Raw(func (driverConn interface{}) error {
+		sqliteConn := driverConn.(*sqlite3.SQLiteConn)
+		// ... use sqliteConn
+	})
+	// if err != nil { ... }
+
 Go SQlite3 Extensions
 
-If you want to register Go functions as SQLite extension functions,
-call RegisterFunction from ConnectHook.
+If you want to register Go functions as SQLite extension functions
+you can make a custom driver by calling RegisterFunction from
+ConnectHook.
 
 	regex = func(re, s string) (bool, error) {
 		return regexp.MatchString(re, s)
 	}
-	sql.Register("sqlite3_with_go_func",
+	sql.Register("sqlite3_extended",
 			&sqlite3.SQLiteDriver{
 					ConnectHook: func(conn *sqlite3.SQLiteConn) error {
 						return conn.RegisterFunc("regexp", regex, true)
 					},
 			})
 
+You can then use the custom driver by passing its name to sql.Open.
+
+	var i int
+	conn, err := sql.Open("sqlite3_extended", "./foo.db")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT regexp("foo.*", "seafood")`).Scan(&i)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
 See the documentation of RegisterFunc for more details.
 
 */
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/error.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/error.go
index 49ab89036678227891e314dcd1fa5b88e212b1fd..696281c7338675fc02198651c859122ac01a8592 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/error.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/error.go
@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 package sqlite3
 
+/*
+#ifndef USE_LIBSQLITE3
+#include <sqlite3-binding.h>
+#else
+#include <sqlite3.h>
+#endif
+*/
 import "C"
+import "syscall"
 
 // ErrNo inherit errno.
 type ErrNo int
@@ -20,6 +28,7 @@ type ErrNoExtended int
 type Error struct {
 	Code         ErrNo         /* The error code returned by SQLite */
 	ExtendedCode ErrNoExtended /* The extended error code returned by SQLite */
+	SystemErrno  syscall.Errno /* The system errno returned by the OS through SQLite, if applicable */
 	err          string        /* The error string returned by sqlite3_errmsg(),
 	this usually contains more specific details. */
 }
@@ -72,10 +81,16 @@ func (err ErrNoExtended) Error() string {
 }
 
 func (err Error) Error() string {
+	var str string
 	if err.err != "" {
-		return err.err
+		str = err.err
+	} else {
+		str = C.GoString(C.sqlite3_errstr(C.int(err.Code)))
 	}
-	return errorString(err)
+	if err.SystemErrno != 0 {
+		str += ": " + err.SystemErrno.Error()
+	}
+	return str
 }
 
 // result codes from http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_abort_rollback.html
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/go.mod b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/go.mod
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3d0854a0bbbfec0c518e2aa78985c736e473ab76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/go.mod
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
+
+go 1.12
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/go.sum b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/go.sum
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3-binding.c b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3-binding.c
index 776319750521916d8e3c76983f296b8d4844e0fd..c1a4d8f92c4afdaa0cf417d40edc1c04770704db 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3-binding.c
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3-binding.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef USE_LIBSQLITE3
 /******************************************************************************
 ** This file is an amalgamation of many separate C source files from SQLite
-** version 3.25.2.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
+** version 3.34.0.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
 ** single large file, the entire code can be compiled as a single translation
 ** unit.  This allows many compilers to do optimizations that would not be
 ** possible if the files were compiled separately.  Performance improvements
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 ** SQLite was built with.
 */
 
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS /* IMP: R-16824-07538 */
 
 /*
 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 #define CTIMEOPT_VAL2(opt) CTIMEOPT_VAL2_(opt)
 
 /*
-** An array of names of all compile-time options.  This array should 
+** An array of names of all compile-time options.  This array should
 ** be sorted A-Z.
 **
 ** This array looks large, but in a typical installation actually uses
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@
 */
 static const char * const sqlite3azCompileOpt[] = {
 
-/* 
-** BEGIN CODE GENERATED BY tool/mkctime.tcl 
+/*
+** BEGIN CODE GENERATED BY tool/mkctime.tcl
 */
 #if SQLITE_32BIT_ROWID
   "32BIT_ROWID",
@@ -219,6 +219,9 @@ static const char * const sqlite3azCompileOpt[] = {
 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
   "ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE",
 #endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB
+  "ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB",
+#endif
 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
   "ENABLE_CEROD=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD),
 #endif
@@ -261,6 +264,9 @@ static const char * const sqlite3azCompileOpt[] = {
 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
   "ENABLE_FTS5",
 #endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_GEOPOLY
+  "ENABLE_GEOPOLY",
+#endif
 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
   "ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS",
 #endif
@@ -291,6 +297,9 @@ static const char * const sqlite3azCompileOpt[] = {
 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTIPLEX
   "ENABLE_MULTIPLEX",
 #endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
+  "ENABLE_NORMALIZE",
+#endif
 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
   "ENABLE_NULL_TRIM",
 #endif
@@ -326,8 +335,6 @@ static const char * const sqlite3azCompileOpt[] = {
 #endif
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4)
   "ENABLE_STAT4",
-#elif defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3)
-  "ENABLE_STAT3",
 #endif
 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB
   "ENABLE_STMTVTAB",
@@ -377,9 +384,6 @@ static const char * const sqlite3azCompileOpt[] = {
 #if SQLITE_FTS5_NO_WITHOUT_ROWID
   "FTS5_NO_WITHOUT_ROWID",
 #endif
-#if SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  "HAS_CODEC",
-#endif
 #if HAVE_ISNAN || SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
   "HAVE_ISNAN",
 #endif
@@ -536,9 +540,6 @@ static const char * const sqlite3azCompileOpt[] = {
 #if SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
   "OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL",
 #endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
-  "OMIT_BTREECOUNT",
-#endif
 #if SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
   "OMIT_CAST",
 #endif
@@ -774,8 +775,8 @@ static const char * const sqlite3azCompileOpt[] = {
 #if SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC
   "ZERO_MALLOC",
 #endif
-/* 
-** END CODE GENERATED BY tool/mkctime.tcl 
+/*
+** END CODE GENERATED BY tool/mkctime.tcl
 */
 };
 
@@ -825,10 +826,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt){
 **
 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
-**                                  if it did occur.  
+**                                  if it did occur.
 **
 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
-** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the 
+** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
 ** asterisks and the comment text.
 */
 
@@ -883,6 +884,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt){
 #pragma warning(disable : 4706)
 #endif /* defined(_MSC_VER) */
 
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_WIN64)
+#undef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
+#define SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
+#endif /* defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_WIN64) */
+
 #endif /* SQLITE_MSVC_H */
 
 /************** End of msvc.h ************************************************/
@@ -994,6 +1000,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt){
 # define _BSD_SOURCE
 #endif
 
+/*
+** Macro to disable warnings about missing "break" at the end of a "case".
+*/
+#if GCC_VERSION>=7000000
+# define deliberate_fall_through __attribute__((fallthrough));
+#else
+# define deliberate_fall_through
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
@@ -1142,7 +1157,7 @@ extern "C" {
 ** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
 ** and Z will be reset to zero.
 **
-** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]), 
+** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
 ** SQLite source code has been stored in the
 ** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
 ** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
@@ -1157,9 +1172,9 @@ extern "C" {
 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
 */
-#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.25.2"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3025002
-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2018-09-25 19:08:10 fb90e7189ae6d62e77ba3a308ca5d683f90bbe633cf681865365b8e92792d1c7"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.34.0"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3034000
+#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2020-12-01 16:14:00 a26b6597e3ae272231b96f9982c3bcc17ddec2f2b6eb4df06a224b91089fed5b"
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
@@ -1185,8 +1200,8 @@ extern "C" {
 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
-** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the 
+** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
+** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
 ** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
 ** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
 ** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
@@ -1201,20 +1216,20 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
 **
-** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1 
-** indicating whether the specified option was defined at 
-** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the 
-** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().  
+** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
+** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
+** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
+** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
-** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_ 
-** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by 
+** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
+** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
 **
 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
-** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the 
+** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
 **
 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
@@ -1223,6 +1238,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
+#else
+# define sqlite3_compileoption_used(X) 0
+# define sqlite3_compileoption_get(X)  ((void*)0)
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -1235,7 +1253,7 @@ SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0, 
+** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
 ** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
 **
@@ -1292,14 +1310,14 @@ typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
 ** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
-** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values 
+** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
 ** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
 # ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
     typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
-# else  
+# else
     typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
 # endif
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
@@ -1330,26 +1348,22 @@ typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
 ** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
 ** resources are deallocated.
 **
-** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
-** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
-** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
-** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
-** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
-** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
-** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
-** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
-** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
-** destructors are called is arbitrary.
-**
-** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
-** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and 
+** Ideally, applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all
+** [prepared statements], [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
-** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
-** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
-** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
-** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
-** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
-** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
+** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.
+** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
+** statements, BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then
+** sqlite3_close() will leave the database connection open and return
+** [SQLITE_BUSY]. ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared
+** statements, unclosed BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups,
+** it returns [SQLITE_OK] regardless, but instead of deallocating the database
+** connection immediately, it marks the database connection as an unusable
+** "zombie" and makes arrangements to automatically deallocate the database
+** connection after all prepared statements are finalized, all BLOB handles
+** are closed, and all backups have finished. The sqlite3_close_v2() interface
+** is intended for use with host languages that are garbage collected, and
+** where the order in which destructors are called is arbitrary.
 **
 ** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
 ** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
@@ -1379,7 +1393,7 @@ typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
 ** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
-** without having to use a lot of C code. 
+** without having to use a lot of C code.
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
 ** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
@@ -1419,7 +1433,7 @@ typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
 ** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
 **
 ** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
-** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or 
+** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
 ** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
 ** is not changed.
 **
@@ -1538,17 +1552,22 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_DATA              (SQLITE_IOERR | (32<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS         (SQLITE_IOERR | (33<<8))
 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
+#define SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT            (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (3<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
+#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK        (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (6<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX           (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (3<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
@@ -1566,11 +1585,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(11<<8))
 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8))
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
@@ -1593,14 +1614,18 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL    0x00004000  /* VFS only */
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW         0x01000000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
 
 /* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
+/* Legacy compatibility: */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
+
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
@@ -1697,7 +1722,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
 **
-** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the 
+** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
 ** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
 ** implementations will
 ** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
@@ -1719,7 +1744,7 @@ struct sqlite3_file {
 ** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
 ** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
 **
-** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element 
+** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
 ** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
 ** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
 ** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
@@ -1857,10 +1882,19 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
 ** file run faster.
 **
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] opcode is used by in-memory VFS that
+** implements [sqlite3_deserialize()] to set an upper bound on the size
+** of the in-memory database.  The argument is a pointer to a [sqlite3_int64].
+** If the integer pointed to is negative, then it is filled in with the
+** current limit.  Otherwise the limit is set to the larger of the value
+** of the integer pointed to and the current database size.  The integer
+** pointed to is set to the new limit.
+**
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
 ** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
-** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should 
+** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
 ** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
 ** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
 ** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
@@ -1883,24 +1917,24 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
 ** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
-** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked 
-** because the user has configured SQLite with 
-** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place 
+** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
+** because the user has configured SQLite with
+** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
 ** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
 ** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
 ** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
-** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that 
-** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications 
-** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may 
-** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.  
+** string containing the transactions super-journal file name. VFSes that
+** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
+** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
+** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
 ** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
 ** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
 ** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
-** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the 
-** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.  
+** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
+** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
@@ -1948,13 +1982,13 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
 ** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
-** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current 
+** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
 ** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
 ** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
-** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from 
+** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
 ** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
 ** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
@@ -1973,7 +2007,7 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** upper-most shim only.
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
-** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] 
+** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
 ** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
 ** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
 ** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
@@ -1984,7 +2018,7 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
 ** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
 ** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
-** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal 
+** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
 ** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
 ** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
 ** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
@@ -2001,16 +2035,16 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
 ** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
 ** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
-** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
+** to the connection's busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void**)
 ** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
-** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
+** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connection's
 ** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
 ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
 ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
 ** current operation.
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
-** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
+** ^Applications can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
 ** to have SQLite generate a
 ** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
 ** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
@@ -2024,7 +2058,7 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
 ** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
 ** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
-** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit 
+** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
 ** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
 ** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
 **
@@ -2068,7 +2102,7 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
 ** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
-** this opcode.  
+** this opcode.
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
 ** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
@@ -2085,7 +2119,7 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
-** operations since the previous successful call to 
+** operations since the previous successful call to
 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
 ** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
 ** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
@@ -2097,7 +2131,7 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
-** operations since the previous successful call to 
+** operations since the previous successful call to
 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
 ** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
 ** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
@@ -2105,10 +2139,12 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode causes attempts to obtain
-** a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS to wait
-** for up to M milliseconds before failing, where M is the single 
-** unsigned integer parameter.
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode is used to configure a VFS
+** to block for up to M milliseconds before failing when attempting to
+** obtain a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS.
+** The parameter is a pointer to a 32-bit signed integer that contains
+** the value that M is to be set to. Before returning, the 32-bit signed
+** integer is overwritten with the previous value of M.
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
@@ -2123,12 +2159,23 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
 ** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
 ** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
-** [PRAGMA data_version] command provide a mechanism to detect changes to
+** [PRAGMA data_version] command provides a mechanism to detect changes to
 ** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
 ** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
 ** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
 ** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
 ** a particular attached database.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
+** in wal mode before the client starts to copy pages from the wal
+** file to the database file.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
+** in wal mode after the client has finished copying pages from the wal
+** file to the database file, but before the *-shm file is updated to
+** record the fact that the pages have been checkpointed.
 ** </ul>
 */
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
@@ -2165,6 +2212,10 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
 
 /* deprecated names */
 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
@@ -2210,10 +2261,10 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
 ** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
 ** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
 ** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
-** Note that the structure
-** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transition from
+** Note that due to an oversight, the structure
+** of the sqlite3_vfs object changed in the transition from
 ** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
-** and yet the iVersion field was not modified.
+** and yet the iVersion field was not increased.
 **
 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
@@ -2248,14 +2299,14 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
 ** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
 ** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
-** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the 
+** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
 ** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
 ** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
 **
 ** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]. 
+** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
 ** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
 **
@@ -2269,7 +2320,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
+** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL]
 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
 ** </ul>)^
 **
@@ -2297,14 +2348,14 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
 ** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
-** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the 
+** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
 ** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
 ** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
-** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened 
+** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
 ** for exclusive access.
 **
 ** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
-** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
+** to hold the [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
 ** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
 ** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
@@ -2317,8 +2368,14 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
 ** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
 ** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
 ** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
-** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
-** directory.
+** to test whether a file is at least readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ
+** flag is never actually used and is not implemented in the built-in
+** VFSes of SQLite.  The file is named by the second argument and can be a
+** directory. The xAccess method returns [SQLITE_OK] on success or some
+** non-zero error code if there is an I/O error or if the name of
+** the file given in the second argument is illegal.  If SQLITE_OK
+** is returned, then non-zero or zero is written into *pResOut to indicate
+** whether or not the file is accessible.
 **
 ** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
 ** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
@@ -2338,16 +2395,16 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
 ** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
 ** a floating point value.
 ** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
-** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in 
-** a 24-hour day).  
+** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
+** a 24-hour day).
 ** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
-** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or 
+** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
 ** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
 ** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
 **
 ** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
 ** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
-** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding 
+** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
 ** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
 ** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
 ** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
@@ -2394,7 +2451,7 @@ struct sqlite3_vfs {
   /*
   ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
   ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
-  ** value will increment whenever this happens. 
+  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
   */
 };
 
@@ -2438,7 +2495,7 @@ struct sqlite3_vfs {
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
-** was given on the corresponding lock.  
+** was given on the corresponding lock.
 **
 ** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
 ** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
@@ -2583,7 +2640,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
 ** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
 **
 ** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
-** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code 
+** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
 ** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
 ** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
 **
@@ -2601,7 +2658,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
 ** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
 ** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
 ** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].  
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
 ** By creating an instance of this object
 ** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
 ** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
@@ -2631,17 +2688,17 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
 ** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
 ** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
 ** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
-** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0, 
+** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
 ** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
 **
 ** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
-** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
+** it might allocate any required mutexes or initialize internal data
 ** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
 ** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
 ** xInit and xShutdown.
 **
-** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
+** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN] mutex when it invokes
 ** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
@@ -2689,7 +2746,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
 ** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
-** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return 
+** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
 ** configuration option.</dd>
 **
@@ -2724,7 +2781,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
-** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is 
+** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
 ** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
 ** The argument specifies
 ** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
@@ -2757,6 +2814,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
 ** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
 **   <ul>
+**   <li> [sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64()]
 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
 **   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
@@ -2774,8 +2832,8 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
 ** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
-** cache implementation.  
-** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
+** cache implementation.
+** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-defined page
 ** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
 ** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
@@ -2802,7 +2860,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** additional cache line. </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
-** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer 
+** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
 ** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
@@ -2857,7 +2915,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
-** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is 
+** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
 ** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
 ** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
 ** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
@@ -2871,7 +2929,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
 ** global [error log].
 ** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
-** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*), 
+** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
 ** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
 ** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
 ** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
@@ -2980,7 +3038,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
-** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.  
+** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
 ** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
 ** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
 ** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
@@ -3002,10 +3060,21 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
 ** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
 ** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
-** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a 
+** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
 ** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
 ** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE
+** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE option accepts a single parameter
+** [sqlite3_int64] parameter which is the default maximum size for an in-memory
+** database created using [sqlite3_deserialize()].  This default maximum
+** size can be adjusted up or down for individual databases using the
+** [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] [sqlite3_file_control|file-control].  If this
+** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
+** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
+** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
 ** </dl>
 */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
@@ -3019,7 +3088,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
-/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */ 
+/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
@@ -3036,6 +3105,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
@@ -3051,8 +3121,9 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** is invoked.
 **
 ** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]]
 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the 
+** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
 ** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
 ** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
 ** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
@@ -3070,9 +3141,10 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** when the "current value" returned by
 ** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
 ** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
-** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns 
+** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
 **
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
 ** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
@@ -3083,6 +3155,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
 ** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
 **
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER]]
 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
 ** There should be two additional arguments.
@@ -3093,9 +3166,21 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
 ** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
 **
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</dt>
+** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE VIEW | views].
+** There should be two additional arguments.
+** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable views,
+** positive to enable views or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
+** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
+** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether views are disabled or enabled
+** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
+** which case the view setting is not reported back. </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER]]
 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
-** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
+** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the
+** [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
 ** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
 ** There should be two additional arguments.
 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
@@ -3106,6 +3191,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
 ** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
 **
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION]]
 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
 ** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
@@ -3123,7 +3209,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
 ** </dd>
 **
-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
 ** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
 ** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
 ** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
@@ -3132,10 +3218,11 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** until after the database connection closes.
 ** </dd>
 **
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE]]
 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
-** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a 
-** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no 
-** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint 
+** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
+** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
+** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
 ** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
 ** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
 ** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
@@ -3145,7 +3232,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
 ** </dd>
 **
-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
 ** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
 ** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
@@ -3154,26 +3241,26 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
 ** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
 ** was used during testing in the lab.
-** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable 
+** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
 ** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
 ** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
 ** following this call.
 ** </dd>
 **
-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
-** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not 
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
+** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
 ** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
 ** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
 ** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
 ** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
 ** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
-** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written 
-** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if 
-** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.  
+** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
+** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
+** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
 ** </dd>
 **
-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
 ** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
 ** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
 ** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
@@ -3184,7 +3271,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 **      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
 **      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
 **      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
-**      the reset.  
+**      the reset.
 ** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
 ** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
 ** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
@@ -3192,6 +3279,100 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
 ** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
 ** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
+** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
+** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
+** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
+** features include but are not limited to the following:
+** <ul>
+** <li> The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
+** <li> The [PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF] statement.
+** <li> Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
+** <li> Direct writes to [shadow tables].
+** </ul>
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA option activates or deactivates the
+** "writable_schema" flag. This has the same effect and is logically equivalent
+** to setting [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] or [PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF].
+** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
+** the writable_schema, positive to enable writable_schema, or negative to
+** leave the setting unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an
+** integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the writable_schema
+** is enabled or disabled following this call.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE option activates or deactivates
+** the legacy behavior of the [ALTER TABLE RENAME] command such it
+** behaves as it did prior to [version 3.24.0] (2018-06-04).  See the
+** "Compatibility Notice" on the [ALTER TABLE RENAME documentation] for
+** additional information. This feature can also be turned on and off
+** using the [PRAGMA legacy_alter_table] statement.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</td>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML option activates or deactivates
+** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DML statements
+** only, that is DELETE, INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE statements. The
+** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
+** compile-time option.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</td>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS option activates or deactivates
+** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DDL statements,
+** such as CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX. The
+** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
+** compile-time option.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA</td>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option tells SQLite to
+** assume that database schemas are untainted by malicious content.
+** When the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option is disabled, SQLite
+** takes additional defensive steps to protect the application from harm
+** including:
+** <ul>
+** <li> Prohibit the use of SQL functions inside triggers, views,
+** CHECK constraints, DEFAULT clauses, expression indexes,
+** partial indexes, or generated columns
+** unless those functions are tagged with [SQLITE_INNOCUOUS].
+** <li> Prohibit the use of virtual tables inside of triggers or views
+** unless those virtual tables are tagged with [SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS].
+** </ul>
+** This setting defaults to "on" for legacy compatibility, however
+** all applications are advised to turn it off if possible. This setting
+** can also be controlled using the [PRAGMA trusted_schema] statement.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</td>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT option activates or deactivates
+** the legacy file format flag.  When activated, this flag causes all newly
+** created database file to have a schema format version number (the 4-byte
+** integer found at offset 44 into the database header) of 1.  This in turn
+** means that the resulting database file will be readable and writable by
+** any SQLite version back to 3.0.0 ([dateof:3.0.0]).  Without this setting,
+** newly created databases are generally not understandable by SQLite versions
+** prior to 3.3.0 ([dateof:3.3.0]).  As these words are written, there
+** is now scarcely any need to generated database files that are compatible
+** all the way back to version 3.0.0, and so this setting is of little
+** practical use, but is provided so that SQLite can continue to claim the
+** ability to generate new database files that are compatible with  version
+** 3.0.0.
+** <p>Note that when the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT setting is on,
+** the [VACUUM] command will fail with an obscure error when attempting to
+** process a table with generated columns and a descending index.  This is
+** not considered a bug since SQLite versions 3.3.0 and earlier do not support
+** either generated columns or decending indexes.
 ** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
@@ -3205,7 +3386,15 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
-#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1009 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA       1011 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE    1012 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML               1013 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL               1014 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW           1015 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT    1016 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA        1017 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1017 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
@@ -3232,8 +3421,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
 ** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
 ** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
 ** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
-** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred 
-** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns 
+** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
+** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
 ** zero.
 **
 ** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
@@ -3243,15 +3432,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
 ** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
 ** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
 ** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
-** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to 
+** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
 ** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
-** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original 
-** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning 
+** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
+** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
 ** control to the user.
 **
-** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will 
-** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is 
-** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned 
+** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
+** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
+** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
 ** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
 **
 ** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
@@ -3284,7 +3473,7 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
 ** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
-** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R 
+** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
 ** without inserting a row into the database.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
@@ -3300,37 +3489,37 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
 ** returned by this function.
 **
 ** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
-** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers], 
+** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
 ** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
-** 
-** Changes to a view that are intercepted by 
-** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value 
-** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or 
-** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real 
+**
+** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
+** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
+** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
+** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
 ** tables are counted.
 **
 ** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
 ** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
 ** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
 ** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
-** 
+**
 ** <ul>
 **   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
-**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program 
+**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
 **        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
-** 
-**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE 
-**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes() 
-**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include 
-**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes() 
+**
+**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
+**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
+**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
+**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
 **        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
 ** </ul>
-** 
+**
 ** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
-** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it 
+** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
 ** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
-** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger 
-** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the 
+** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
+** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
 ** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
 **
 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
@@ -3356,19 +3545,19 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
 ** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
 ** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
 ** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
-** 
+**
 ** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
 ** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
-** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers 
+** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
 ** are not counted.
 **
-** This the [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
+** The [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
 ** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
 ** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
 ** To detect changes against a database file from other database
 ** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
-** 
+**
 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
 ** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
 ** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
@@ -3410,8 +3599,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
 ** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
-** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the 
-** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
+** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
+** running statement count reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
 ** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
 ** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
 ** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
@@ -3442,7 +3631,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
 ** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
 ** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
 **
-** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior 
+** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
 ** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
 ** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
 ** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
@@ -3487,7 +3676,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
 ** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
 ** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
 ** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
-** to the application instead of invoking the 
+** to the application instead of invoking the
 ** busy handler.
 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
@@ -3512,7 +3701,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
 ** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
 ** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
 ** result in undefined behavior.
-** 
+**
 ** A busy handler must not close the database connection
 ** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
 */
@@ -3579,9 +3768,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
 **        Cindy       | 21
 ** </pre></blockquote>
 **
-** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
+** There are two columns (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
 ** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
-** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
+** in an array named azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
 **
 ** <blockquote><pre>
 **        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
@@ -3630,7 +3819,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
 ** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
 ** from the standard C library.
 ** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
-** the standard library printf() 
+** the standard library printf()
 ** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
 ** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
 **
@@ -3674,7 +3863,7 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
 **
 ** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
-** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
+** does not include operating-system specific [VFS] implementation.  The
 ** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
@@ -3735,19 +3924,6 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
 ** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
 ** option is used.
 **
-** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
-** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
-** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
-** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
-**
-** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
-** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
-** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
-** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
-** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
-** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
-** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
-**
 ** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
 ** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
 ** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
@@ -3796,7 +3972,7 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
 ** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
 ** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
-** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
+** the built-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
 ** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
 **
 ** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
@@ -3839,7 +4015,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
 ** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
 ** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
-** access is denied. 
+** access is denied.
 **
 ** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
 ** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
@@ -3892,7 +4068,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
 **
 ** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
-** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a 
+** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
 ** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
 ** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
 **
@@ -4006,9 +4182,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
 ** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
 ** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
 ** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
-** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
-** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
-** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
+** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  Invoking
+** either [sqlite3_trace()] or [sqlite3_trace_v2()] will cancel the
+** profile callback.
 */
 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
    void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
@@ -4040,7 +4216,7 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
 ** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
 ** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
 ** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
-** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment 
+** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
 ** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
 ** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
 ** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
@@ -4056,7 +4232,7 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
-** statement generates a single row of result.  
+** statement generates a single row of result.
 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
 ** X argument is unused.
 **
@@ -4083,10 +4259,10 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
 ** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
 ** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
 **
-** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides 
+** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
 ** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
 **
-** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by 
+** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
 ** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
 ** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
 ** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
@@ -4118,8 +4294,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_trace_v2(
 ** database connection D.  An example use for this
 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
 **
-** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the 
-** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of 
+** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
+** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
 ** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
 ** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
 ** handler is disabled.
@@ -4146,7 +4322,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
 **
-** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the 
+** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
 ** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
 ** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
@@ -4170,10 +4346,8 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 ** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
 ** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
 ** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
-** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
-** the following three values, optionally combined with the 
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
+** sqlite3_open_v2() must include, at a minimum, one of the following
+** three flag combinations:)^
 **
 ** <dl>
 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
@@ -4191,23 +4365,51 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
 ** </dl>
 **
+** In addition to the required flags, the following optional flags are
+** also supported:
+**
+** <dl>
+** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_URI]</dt>
+** <dd>The filename can be interpreted as a URI if this flag is set.</dd>)^
+**
+** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY]</dt>
+** <dd>The database will be opened as an in-memory database.  The database
+** is named by the "filename" argument for the purposes of cache-sharing,
+** if shared cache mode is enabled, but the "filename" is otherwise ignored.
+** </dd>)^
+**
+** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX]</dt>
+** <dd>The new database connection will use the "multi-thread"
+** [threading mode].)^  This means that separate threads are allowed
+** to use SQLite at the same time, as long as each thread is using
+** a different [database connection].
+**
+** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX]</dt>
+** <dd>The new database connection will use the "serialized"
+** [threading mode].)^  This means the multiple threads can safely
+** attempt to use the same database connection at the same time.
+** (Mutexes will block any actual concurrency, but in this mode
+** there is no harm in trying.)
+**
+** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE]</dt>
+** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] enabled, overriding
+** the default shared cache setting provided by
+** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
+**
+** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE]</dt>
+** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] disabled, overriding
+** the default shared cache setting provided by
+** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
+**
+** [[OPEN_NOFOLLOW]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW]</dt>
+** <dd>The database filename is not allowed to be a symbolic link</dd>
+** </dl>)^
+**
 ** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
-** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
+** required combinations shown above optionally combined with other
 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
 ** then the behavior is undefined.
 **
-** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
-** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
-** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
-** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
-** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
-** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
-** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
-** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
-** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
-**
 ** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
 ** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
 ** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
@@ -4239,17 +4441,17 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 ** information.
 **
 ** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
-** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string 
-** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an 
-** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if 
+** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
+** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
+** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
 ** present, is ignored.
 **
 ** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
-** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character, 
-** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin 
+** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
+** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
 ** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
-** then the path is interpreted as a relative path. 
-** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path 
+** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
+** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
 ** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
 **
 ** [[core URI query parameters]]
@@ -4269,13 +4471,13 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 **
 **   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
 **     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
-**     an error)^. 
-**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only 
-**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the 
-**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to 
-**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create) 
-**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had 
-**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both 
+**     an error)^.
+**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
+**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
+**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
+**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
+**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
+**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
 **     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
 **     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
 **     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
@@ -4285,7 +4487,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 **   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
 **     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
 **     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
-**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is 
+**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
 **     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
 **     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
 **     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
@@ -4311,7 +4513,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 **     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
 **     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
 **     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
-**       
+**
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
@@ -4323,36 +4525,36 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 **
 ** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
 ** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
-** <tr><td> file:data.db <td> 
+** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
 **          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
-**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br> 
-**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td> 
+**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
+**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
 **          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
-** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td> 
+** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
 **          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
-** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap"> 
+** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
 **          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
 **     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
-**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly 
+**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
 **          necessary - space characters can be used literally
 **          in URI filenames.
-** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td> 
+** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
 **          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
 **          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
 **          default, use a private cache.
 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
 **          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
 **          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
-** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td> 
+** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
 **          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
 ** </table>
 **
 ** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
 ** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
-** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits 
+** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
 ** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
-** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all 
+** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
 ** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
 ** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
 ** the results are undefined.
@@ -4387,17 +4589,27 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
 **
-** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
-** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query 
+** These are utility routines, useful to [VFS|custom VFS implementations],
+** that check if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
 ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
 **
-** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of 
-** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or 
-** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
-** P is the name of the query parameter, then
+** The first parameter to these interfaces (hereafter referred to
+** as F) must be one of:
+** <ul>
+** <li> A database filename pointer created by the SQLite core and
+** passed into the xOpen() method of a VFS implemention, or
+** <li> A filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], or
+** <li> A new filename constructed using [sqlite3_create_filename()].
+** </ul>
+** If the F parameter is not one of the above, then the behavior is
+** undefined and probably undesirable.  Older versions of SQLite were
+** more tolerant of invalid F parameters than newer versions.
+**
+** If F is a suitable filename (as described in the previous paragraph)
+** and if P is the name of the query parameter, then
 ** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
-** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a 
-** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
+** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
+** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F and it
 ** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
 ** a pointer to an empty string.
 **
@@ -4405,39 +4617,160 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
 ** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
 ** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
 ** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
-** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The 
+** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
 ** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
 ** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
-** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
+** parameter on F or if the value of P does not match any of the
 ** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
 **
 ** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
 ** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
 ** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
 ** zero is returned.
-** 
+**
+** The sqlite3_uri_key(F,N) returns a pointer to the name (not
+** the value) of the N-th query parameter for filename F, or a NULL
+** pointer if N is less than zero or greater than the number of query
+** parameters minus 1.  The N value is zero-based so N should be 0 to obtain
+** the name of the first query parameter, 1 for the second parameter, and
+** so forth.
+**
 ** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
-** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
-** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
-** undesirable.
+** is not a database file pathname pointer that the SQLite core passed
+** into the xOpen VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined
+** and probably undesirable.
+**
+** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.31.0] ([dateof:3.31.0]) the input F
+** parameter can also be the name of a rollback journal file or WAL file
+** in addition to the main database file.  Prior to version 3.31.0, these
+** routines would only work if F was the name of the main database file.
+** When the F parameter is the name of the rollback journal or WAL file,
+** it has access to all the same query parameters as were found on the
+** main database file.
+**
+** See the [URI filename] documentation for additional information.
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_key(const char *zFilename, int N);
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF:  Translate filenames
+**
+** These routines are available to [VFS|custom VFS implementations] for
+** translating filenames between the main database file, the journal file,
+** and the WAL file.
+**
+** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
+** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, then sqlite3_filename_database(F)
+** returns the name of the corresponding database file.
+**
+** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
+** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database filename
+** obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then sqlite3_filename_journal(F)
+** returns the name of the corresponding rollback journal file.
+**
+** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
+** that was passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database
+** filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then
+** sqlite3_filename_wal(F) returns the name of the corresponding
+** WAL file.
+**
+** In all of the above, if F is not the name of a database, journal or WAL
+** filename passed into the VFS from the SQLite core and F is not the
+** return value from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then the result is
+** undefined and is likely a memory access violation.
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_database(const char*);
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_journal(const char*);
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_wal(const char*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF:  Database File Corresponding To A Journal
+**
+** ^If X is the name of a rollback or WAL-mode journal file that is
+** passed into the xOpen method of [sqlite3_vfs], then
+** sqlite3_database_file_object(X) returns a pointer to the [sqlite3_file]
+** object that represents the main database file.
+**
+** This routine is intended for use in custom [VFS] implementations
+** only.  It is not a general-purpose interface.
+** The argument sqlite3_file_object(X) must be a filename pointer that
+** has been passed into [sqlite3_vfs].xOpen method where the
+** flags parameter to xOpen contains one of the bits
+** [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL] or [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL].  Any other use
+** of this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable
+** behavior.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_file *sqlite3_database_file_object(const char*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Create and Destroy VFS Filenames
+**
+** These interfces are provided for use by [VFS shim] implementations and
+** are not useful outside of that context.
+**
+** The sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) allocates memory to hold a version of
+** database filename D with corresponding journal file J and WAL file W and
+** with N URI parameters key/values pairs in the array P.  The result from
+** sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) is a pointer to a database filename that
+** is safe to pass to routines like:
+** <ul>
+** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()],
+** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()],
+** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()],
+** <li> [sqlite3_uri_key()],
+** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()],
+** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()], or
+** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()].
+** </ul>
+** If a memory allocation error occurs, sqlite3_create_filename() might
+** return a NULL pointer.  The memory obtained from sqlite3_create_filename(X)
+** must be released by a corresponding call to sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
+**
+** The P parameter in sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) should be an array
+** of 2*N pointers to strings.  Each pair of pointers in this array corresponds
+** to a key and value for a query parameter.  The P parameter may be a NULL
+** pointer if N is zero.  None of the 2*N pointers in the P array may be
+** NULL pointers and key pointers should not be empty strings.
+** None of the D, J, or W parameters to sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) may
+** be NULL pointers, though they can be empty strings.
+**
+** The sqlite3_free_filename(Y) routine releases a memory allocation
+** previously obtained from sqlite3_create_filename().  Invoking
+** sqlite3_free_filename(Y) where Y is a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
+**
+** If the Y parameter to sqlite3_free_filename(Y) is anything other
+** than a NULL pointer or a pointer previously acquired from
+** sqlite3_create_filename(), then bad things such as heap
+** corruption or segfaults may occur. The value Y should be
+** used again after sqlite3_free_filename(Y) has been called.  This means
+** that if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen()] method of a VFS has been called using Y,
+** then the corresponding [sqlite3_module.xClose() method should also be
+** invoked prior to calling sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
+*/
+SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_create_filename(
+  const char *zDatabase,
+  const char *zJournal,
+  const char *zWal,
+  int nParam,
+  const char **azParam
+);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_filename(char*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
-** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with 
+** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
 ** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
 ** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
 ** API call.
 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
-** interface is the same except that it always returns the 
+** interface is the same except that it always returns the
 ** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
 ** disabled.
 **
@@ -4494,7 +4827,7 @@ SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
 ** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
 **
 ** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
-** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object 
+** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
 ** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
 ** prepared statement before it can be run.
 **
@@ -4524,7 +4857,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
 ** new limit for that construct.)^
 **
 ** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
-** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a 
+** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
 ** [limits | hard upper bound]
 ** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
 ** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
@@ -4532,7 +4865,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
 ** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
 ** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
 **
-** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the 
+** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
 ** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
 ** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
 ** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
@@ -4637,15 +4970,30 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
 ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
 ** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
 ** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
-** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will 
+** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
 ** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
 ** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
 ** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
 ** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag is a no-op. This flag used
+** to be required for any prepared statement that wanted to use the
+** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  However, the
+** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface is now available to all
+** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
+** flag.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
+** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
+** any virtual tables.
 ** </dl>
 */
 #define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
+#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
+#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
@@ -4729,15 +5077,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
 ** </li>
 **
 ** <li>
-** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the 
+** ^If the specific value bound to a [parameter | host parameter] in the
 ** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
-** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been 
-** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
-** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter]. 
-** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the 
+** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
+** a schema change, on the first [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
+** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
+** ^The specific value of a WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
 ** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
-** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
+** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time option is enabled.
 ** </li>
 ** </ol>
 **
@@ -4803,6 +5151,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
 ** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
 ** [bound parameters] expanded.
+** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
+** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
+** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
+** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
+** placeholders.
 **
 ** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
 ** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
@@ -4818,14 +5171,16 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
 ** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
 ** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
 **
-** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is
-** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.
+** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
+** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
+** statement is finalized.
 ** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
 ** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
 ** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
@@ -4836,8 +5191,8 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** the content of the database file.
 **
 ** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
-** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.  
-** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that 
+** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
+** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
 ** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
 ** change the database file through side-effects:
 **
@@ -4851,10 +5206,10 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
 ** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
 ** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
-** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the 
+** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
 ** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
-** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make 
+** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
 ** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
 ** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
@@ -4863,23 +5218,35 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 1 if the
+** prepared statement S is an EXPLAIN statement, or 2 if the
+** statement S is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
+** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 0 if S is
+** an ordinary statement or a NULL pointer.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
+
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
-** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using 
+** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
 ** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
 ** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
-** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a 
+** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
 ** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
 ** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
 **
 ** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
-** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database 
+** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
 ** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
-** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared 
+** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
 ** statements that are holding a transaction open.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
@@ -4898,7 +5265,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
 ** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
-** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new 
+** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
 ** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
 **
 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
@@ -4906,7 +5273,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
 ** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
-** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes 
+** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
 ** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
 ** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
@@ -4975,12 +5342,30 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
 ** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
-** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
+** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 32766).
 **
 ** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
 ** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
 ** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
+** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() is not NULL, then
+** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF8 text.
+** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text16() is not NULL, then
+** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF16 text.
+** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not NULL, then
+** it should be a pointer to a well-formed unicode string that is
+** either UTF8 if the sixth parameter is SQLITE_UTF8, or UTF16
+** otherwise.
+**
+** [[byte-order determination rules]] ^The byte-order of
+** UTF16 input text is determined by the byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF)
+** found in first character, which is removed, or in the absence of a BOM
+** the byte order is the native byte order of the host
+** machine for sqlite3_bind_text16() or the byte order specified in
+** the 6th parameter for sqlite3_bind_text64().)^
+** ^If UTF16 input text contains invalid unicode
+** characters, then SQLite might change those invalid characters
+** into the unicode replacement character: U+FFFD.
 **
 ** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
 ** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
@@ -4994,7 +5379,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
 ** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
 ** that parameter must be the byte offset
 ** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
-** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than 
+** terminated.  If any NUL characters occurs at byte offsets less than
 ** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
 ** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
 ** with embedded NULs is undefined.
@@ -5002,7 +5387,9 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
 ** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
 ** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
 ** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
-** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
+** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to the bind API fails,
+** except the destructor is not called if the third parameter is a NULL
+** pointer or the fourth parameter is negative.
 ** ^If the fifth argument is
 ** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
 ** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
@@ -5154,7 +5541,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 **
 ** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
-** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the 
+** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
 ** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
 ** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
 ** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
@@ -5222,7 +5609,7 @@ SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
 **
 ** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
 ** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
-** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
+** NULL.  ^These routines might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
 ** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
 ** or column that query result column was extracted from.
 **
@@ -5232,10 +5619,6 @@ SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
 ** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
 **
-** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
-** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
-** undefined.
-**
 ** If two or more threads call one or more
 ** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
 ** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
@@ -5340,7 +5723,7 @@ SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 ** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
 ** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
 ** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
-** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using 
+** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
 ** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
 ** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
 ** sqlite3_step() began
@@ -5372,7 +5755,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
 ** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
 ** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
-** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
+** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column()] family of
 ** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
@@ -5431,7 +5814,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
-** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an 
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
 ** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
 ** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
@@ -5479,7 +5862,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
 ** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
 ** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
-** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.  
+** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
 ** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
 ** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
@@ -5507,7 +5890,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** the number of bytes in that string.
 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
 **
-** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and 
+** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
 ** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
@@ -5526,7 +5909,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
 ** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
-** is normally only useful within the implementation of 
+** is normally only useful within the implementation of
 ** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
 ** top-level application code.
 **
@@ -5696,15 +6079,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
-** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
-** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
 ** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
 ** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
 ** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
-** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding 
-** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being 
+** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
+** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
 ** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
 ** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
 ** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
@@ -5718,7 +6099,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
 ** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
 ** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
-** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.  
+** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
 ** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
 ** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
 **
@@ -5733,7 +6114,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
 ** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
-** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes 
+** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
 ** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
 ** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
@@ -5751,6 +6132,23 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
 ** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
 **
+** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
+** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
+** within VIEWs, TRIGGERs, CHECK constraints, generated column expressions,
+** index expressions, or the WHERE clause of partial indexes.
+**
+** <span style="background-color:#ffff90;">
+** For best security, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY] flag is recommended for
+** all application-defined SQL functions that do not need to be
+** used inside of triggers, view, CHECK constraints, or other elements of
+** the database schema.  This flags is especially recommended for SQL
+** functions that have side effects or reveal internal application state.
+** Without this flag, an attacker might be able to modify the schema of
+** a database file to include invocations of the function with parameters
+** chosen by the attacker, which the application will then execute when
+** the database file is opened and read.
+** </span>
+**
 ** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
 ** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
 **
@@ -5764,21 +6162,21 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
 ** callbacks.
 **
-** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue 
+** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
 ** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
 ** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
 ** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
-** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be 
+** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
 ** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
 ** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
-** of aggregate window functions are 
+** of aggregate window functions are
 ** [user-defined window functions|available here].
 **
 ** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
 ** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is destructor for
-** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function 
-** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection 
-** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to 
+** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
+** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
+** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
 ** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
 ** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
 ** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
@@ -5791,7 +6189,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
 ** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
 ** matches the database encoding is a better
-** match than a function where the encoding is different.  
+** match than a function where the encoding is different.
 ** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
 ** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
 ** between UTF8 and UTF16.
@@ -5863,19 +6261,79 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_window_function(
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
 **
-** These constants may be ORed together with the 
+** These constants may be ORed together with the
 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
 ** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
+**
+** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]] <dt>SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC</dt><dd>
+** The SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag means that the new function always gives
+** the same output when the input parameters are the same.
+** The [abs|abs() function] is deterministic, for example, but
+** [randomblob|randomblob()] is not.  Functions must
+** be deterministic in order to be used in certain contexts such as
+** with the WHERE clause of [partial indexes] or in [generated columns].
+** SQLite might also optimize deterministic functions by factoring them
+** out of inner loops.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]] <dt>SQLITE_DIRECTONLY</dt><dd>
+** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag means that the function may only be invoked
+** from top-level SQL, and cannot be used in VIEWs or TRIGGERs nor in
+** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
+** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], or [generated columns].
+** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flags is a security feature which is recommended
+** for all [application-defined SQL functions], and especially for functions
+** that have side-effects or that could potentially leak sensitive
+** information.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_INNOCUOUS]] <dt>SQLITE_INNOCUOUS</dt><dd>
+** The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag means that the function is unlikely
+** to cause problems even if misused.  An innocuous function should have
+** no side effects and should not depend on any values other than its
+** input parameters. The [abs|abs() function] is an example of an
+** innocuous function.
+** The [load_extension() SQL function] is not innocuous because of its
+** side effects.
+** <p> SQLITE_INNOCUOUS is similar to SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC, but is not
+** exactly the same.  The [random|random() function] is an example of a
+** function that is innocuous but not deterministic.
+** <p>Some heightened security settings
+** ([SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA] and [PRAGMA trusted_schema=OFF])
+** disable the use of SQL functions inside views and triggers and in
+** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
+** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], and [generated columns] unless
+** the function is tagged with SQLITE_INNOCUOUS.  Most built-in functions
+** are innocuous.  Developers are advised to avoid using the
+** SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag for application-defined functions unless the
+** function has been carefully audited and found to be free of potentially
+** security-adverse side-effects and information-leaks.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
+** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function may call
+** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
+** Specifying this flag makes no difference for scalar or aggregate user
+** functions. However, if it is not specified for a user-defined window
+** function, then any sub-types belonging to arguments passed to the window
+** function may be discarded before the window function is called (i.e.
+** sqlite3_value_subtype() will always return 0).
+** </dd>
+** </dl>
 */
-#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
+#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x000000800
+#define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
+#define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
+#define SQLITE_INNOCUOUS        0x000200000
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
 ** DEPRECATED
 **
 ** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
-** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue 
+** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
 ** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
 ** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
 ** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
@@ -5919,14 +6377,16 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int6
 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
 ** against a virtual table.
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_frombind&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if value originated from a [bound parameter]
 ** </table></blockquote>
 **
 ** <b>Details:</b>
 **
 ** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
 ** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
-** are used to pass parameter information into implementation of
-** [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
+** are used to pass parameter information into the functions that
+** implement [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
 **
 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
@@ -5941,11 +6401,11 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int6
 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
 **
-** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized 
+** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
 ** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
 ** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
 ** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
-** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() 
+** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
 ** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
 **
 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
@@ -5980,6 +6440,11 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int6
 ** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
 ** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
 **
+** ^The sqlite3_value_frombind(X) interface returns non-zero if the
+** value X originated from one of the [sqlite3_bind_int|sqlite3_bind()]
+** interfaces.  ^If X comes from an SQL literal value, or a table column,
+** or an expression, then sqlite3_value_frombind(X) returns zero.
+**
 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
@@ -6025,6 +6490,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
@@ -6062,9 +6528,9 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
 ** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
 **
-** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called 
-** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
-** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
+** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
+** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite allocates
+** N bytes of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
 ** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
 ** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
@@ -6075,19 +6541,19 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
 ** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
 ** first time from within xFinal().)^
 **
-** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer 
+** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
 ** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
 ** allocate error occurs.
 **
 ** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
 ** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
-** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
+** value of N in any subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
 ** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
 ** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
-** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no 
+** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
 ** pointless memory allocations occur.
 **
-** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by 
+** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
 **
 ** The first parameter must be a copy of the
@@ -6137,7 +6603,7 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
 ** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
 ** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
 ** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
-** metadata associated with the pattern string.  
+** metadata associated with the pattern string.
 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
 ** invocations of the same function.
@@ -6163,10 +6629,10 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
 **      SQL statement)^, or
 ** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
 **       parameter)^, or
-** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory 
+** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
 **      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
 **
-** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in 
+** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
@@ -6238,8 +6704,9 @@ typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
 ** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
 ** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
-** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
-** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
+** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 using
+** the same [byte-order determination rules] as [sqlite3_bind_text16()].
+** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
@@ -6307,6 +6774,25 @@ typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
 **
+** ^For the sqlite3_result_text16(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
+** sqlite3_result_text16be() routines, and for sqlite3_result_text64()
+** when the encoding is not UTF8, if the input UTF16 begins with a
+** byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF) then the BOM is removed from the
+** string and the rest of the string is interpreted according to the
+** byte-order specified by the BOM.  ^The byte-order specified by
+** the BOM at the beginning of the text overrides the byte-order
+** specified by the interface procedure.  ^So, for example, if
+** sqlite3_result_text16le() is invoked with text that begins
+** with bytes 0xfe, 0xff (a big-endian byte-order mark) then the
+** first two bytes of input are skipped and the remaining input
+** is interpreted as UTF16BE text.
+**
+** ^For UTF16 input text to the sqlite3_result_text16(),
+** sqlite3_result_text16be(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
+** sqlite3_result_text64() routines, if the text contains invalid
+** UTF16 characters, the invalid characters might be converted
+** into the unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.
+**
 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
 ** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
@@ -6319,7 +6805,7 @@ typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
 ** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
-** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that 
+** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
 ** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
 ** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
 ** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
@@ -6361,8 +6847,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 **
 ** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
-** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with 
-** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits 
+** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
+** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
 ** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
 ** higher order bits are discarded.
 ** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
@@ -6392,7 +6878,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
 ** </ul>)^
 ** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
-** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
+** to the collating function callback, xCompare.
 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
 ** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
@@ -6401,18 +6887,19 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
 ** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
 ** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
 **
-** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
+** ^The fifth argument, xCompare, is a pointer to the collating function.
 ** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
 ** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
 ** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
-** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
+** ^If the xCompare argument is NULL then the collating function is
 ** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
 ** that collation is no longer usable.
 **
-** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg 
+** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
 ** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
-** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
-** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
+** by the eTextRep argument.  The two integer parameters to the collating
+** function callback are the length of the two strings, in bytes. The collating
+** function must return an integer that is negative, zero, or positive
 ** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
 ** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
 ** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
@@ -6429,7 +6916,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
 ** </ol>
 **
 ** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
-** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
+** collating function is registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
 ** is undefined.
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
@@ -6439,36 +6926,36 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
 ** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
 ** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
 **
-** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the 
+** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
-** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should 
+** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
 ** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
 ** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
-** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency 
-** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards 
+** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
+** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
 ** compatibility.
 **
 ** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int eTextRep, 
+  sqlite3*,
+  const char *zName,
+  int eTextRep,
   void *pArg,
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
 );
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int eTextRep, 
+  sqlite3*,
+  const char *zName,
+  int eTextRep,
   void *pArg,
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
 );
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
-  sqlite3*, 
+  sqlite3*,
   const void *zName,
-  int eTextRep, 
+  int eTextRep,
   void *pArg,
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
 );
@@ -6501,64 +6988,19 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  void*, 
+  sqlite3*,
+  void*,
   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
 );
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
-  sqlite3*, 
+  sqlite3*,
   void*,
   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
 );
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-/*
-** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
-** called right after sqlite3_open().
-**
-** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
-** of SQLite.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
-);
-
-/*
-** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
-** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
-** database is decrypted.
-**
-** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
-** of SQLite.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
-);
-
-/*
-** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless 
-** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_see(
-  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
-);
-#endif
-
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
 /*
-** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless 
+** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
 ** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
@@ -6614,7 +7056,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
 ** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
 ** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
-** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from 
+** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
 ** using [sqlite3_free].
 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
@@ -6671,7 +7113,7 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
 ** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
 ** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
-** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from 
+** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
 ** using [sqlite3_free].
 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
@@ -6756,16 +7198,31 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
-** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
-** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
-** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
+** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the filename
+** associated with database N of connection D.
+** ^If there is no attached database N on the database
 ** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
-** a NULL pointer is returned.
+** this function will return either a NULL pointer or an empty string.
+**
+** ^The string value returned by this routine is owned and managed by
+** the database connection.  ^The value will be valid until the database N
+** is [DETACH]-ed or until the database connection closes.
 **
 ** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
 ** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
 ** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
 ** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
+**
+** If the filename pointer returned by this routine is not NULL, then it
+** can be used as the filename input parameter to these routines:
+** <ul>
+** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()]
+** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()]
+** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()]
+** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()]
+** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()]
+** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()]
+** </ul>
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
 
@@ -6779,6 +7236,57 @@ SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine the transaction state of a database
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) interface returns the current
+** [transaction state] of schema S in database connection D.  ^If S is NULL,
+** then the highest transaction state of any schema on database connection D
+** is returned.  Transaction states are (in order of lowest to highest):
+** <ol>
+** <li value="0"> SQLITE_TXN_NONE
+** <li value="1"> SQLITE_TXN_READ
+** <li value="2"> SQLITE_TXN_WRITE
+** </ol>
+** ^If the S argument to sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) is not the name of
+** a valid schema, then -1 is returned.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_txn_state(sqlite3*,const char *zSchema);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()]
+** KEYWORDS: {transaction state}
+**
+** These constants define the current transaction state of a database file.
+** ^The [sqlite3_txn_state(D,S)] interface returns one of these
+** constants in order to describe the transaction state of schema S
+** in [database connection] D.
+**
+** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_TXN_NONE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_NONE</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_NONE state means that no transaction is currently
+** pending.</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_TXN_READ]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_READ</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_READ state means that the database is currently
+** in a read transaction.  Content has been read from the database file
+** but nothing in the database file has changed.  The transaction state
+** will advanced to SQLITE_TXN_WRITE if any changes occur and there are
+** no other conflicting concurrent write transactions.  The transaction
+** state will revert to SQLITE_TXN_NONE following a [ROLLBACK] or
+** [COMMIT].</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_TXN_WRITE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_WRITE</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_WRITE state means that the database is currently
+** in a write transaction.  Content has been written to the database file
+** but has not yet committed.  The transaction state will change to
+** to SQLITE_TXN_NONE at the next [ROLLBACK] or [COMMIT].</dd>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_TXN_NONE  0
+#define SQLITE_TXN_READ  1
+#define SQLITE_TXN_WRITE 2
+
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
@@ -6869,7 +7377,7 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
 ** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
 **
 ** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
-** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
+** modified (i.e. sqlite_sequence).)^
 ** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
 **
 ** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
@@ -6895,7 +7403,7 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
 ** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
 */
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
-  sqlite3*, 
+  sqlite3*,
   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
   void*
 );
@@ -6909,25 +7417,29 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
 ** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
 **
 ** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
-** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]). 
+** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
 ** In prior versions of SQLite,
 ** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
 **
 ** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
-** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
+** Existing database connections continue to use the sharing mode
 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
 **
 ** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
 ** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
 **
-** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
-** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
-** cache setting should set it explicitly.
+** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. It is recommended that it stay
+** that way.  In other words, do not use this routine.  This interface
+** continues to be provided for historical compatibility, but its use is
+** discouraged.  Any use of shared cache is discouraged.  If shared cache
+** must be used, it is recommended that shared cache only be enabled for
+** individual database connections using the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface
+** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag.
 **
 ** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
-** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems, 
-** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via 
+** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
+** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
 **
 ** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
@@ -6970,6 +7482,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
 **
+** These interfaces impose limits on the amount of heap memory that will be
+** by all database connections within a single process.
+**
 ** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
 ** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
 ** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
@@ -6977,23 +7492,44 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
 ** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
 ** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
 ** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
-** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit 
+** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
 ** is advisory only.
 **
-** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
-** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
-** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
-** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
-** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
-** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
+** ^The sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface sets a hard upper bound of
+** N bytes on the amount of memory that will be allocated.  ^The
+** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface is similar to
+** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(N) except that memory allocations will fail
+** when the hard heap limit is reached.
 **
-** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
-**
-** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
+** ^The return value from both sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() and
+** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() is the size of
+** the heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
+** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
+** then no change is made to the heap limit.  Hence, the current
+** size of heap limits can be determined by invoking
+** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(-1) or sqlite3_hard_heap_limit(-1).
+**
+** ^Setting the heap limits to zero disables the heap limiter mechanism.
+**
+** ^The soft heap limit may not be greater than the hard heap limit.
+** ^If the hard heap limit is enabled and if sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)
+** is invoked with a value of N that is greater than the hard heap limit,
+** the the soft heap limit is set to the value of the hard heap limit.
+** ^The soft heap limit is automatically enabled whenever the hard heap
+** limit is enabled. ^When sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) is invoked and
+** the soft heap limit is outside the range of 1..N, then the soft heap
+** limit is set to N.  ^Invoking sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(0) when the
+** hard heap limit is enabled makes the soft heap limit equal to the
+** hard heap limit.
+**
+** The memory allocation limits can also be adjusted using
+** [PRAGMA soft_heap_limit] and [PRAGMA hard_heap_limit].
+**
+** ^(The heap limits are not enforced in the current implementation
 ** if one or more of following conditions are true:
 **
 ** <ul>
-** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
+** <li> The limit value is set to zero.
 ** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
 **      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
@@ -7004,21 +7540,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
 **      from the heap.
 ** </ul>)^
 **
-** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]), 
-** the soft heap limit is enforced
-** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
-** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
-** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
-** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
-** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
-** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
-** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
-**
-** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
+** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the heap limits may
 ** changes in future releases of SQLite.
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
@@ -7042,7 +7568,7 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
 ** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
 ** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
 ** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
-** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
+** SQLITE_ERROR if the specified column does not exist.
 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
@@ -7082,7 +7608,7 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
 **
 ** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
 **
-** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table 
+** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
 ** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
@@ -7148,7 +7674,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
 ** prior to calling this API,
 ** otherwise an error will be returned.
 **
-** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the 
+** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
 ** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
 ** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
@@ -7184,7 +7710,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
 ** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
 **
 ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
-** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
+** be enabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
 ** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
 ** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
 ** access to extension loading capabilities.
@@ -7235,7 +7761,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
 ** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
 ** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
 ** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
-** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully 
+** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
 ** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
 ** routines.
 */
@@ -7270,8 +7796,8 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
 **
-** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module", 
-** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].  
+** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
+** defines the implementation of a [virtual table].
 ** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
 **
 ** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
@@ -7310,11 +7836,14 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
                        void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
                        void **ppArg);
   int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
-  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those 
+  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
   ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
   int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
   int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
   int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
+  /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
+  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
+  int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
 };
 
 /*
@@ -7357,7 +7886,7 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
 ** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
 ** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
 ** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
-** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to 
+** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
 ** non-zero.
 **
 ** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
@@ -7365,7 +7894,13 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
 ** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
 ** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
 ** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
-** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
+** virtual table and might not be checked again by the byte code.)^ ^(The
+** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
+** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
+** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is change to true, then
+** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
+** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
+** not be checked again using byte code.)^
 **
 ** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
 ** [xFilter] method.
@@ -7378,17 +7913,17 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
 **
 ** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
 ** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
-** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N) 
+** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
 ** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
 ** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
 **
 ** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
 ** will be returned by the strategy.
 **
-** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a 
+** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
 ** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
 ** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
-** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row. 
+** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
 **
 ** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
 ** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
@@ -7401,14 +7936,14 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
 ** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
 **
 ** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
-** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]). 
+** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
 ** If a virtual table extension is
-** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting 
-** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely 
-** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
+** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
+** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
+** to include crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
 ** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
 ** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
-** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]). 
+** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
 ** It may therefore only be used if
 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
 ** 3009000.
@@ -7448,7 +7983,7 @@ struct sqlite3_index_info {
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
 **
-** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the 
+** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
 ** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
 ** these bits.
 */
@@ -7457,7 +7992,7 @@ struct sqlite3_index_info {
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
 **
-** These macros defined the allowed values for the
+** These macros define the allowed values for the
 ** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
@@ -7488,7 +8023,7 @@ struct sqlite3_index_info {
 ** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
 **
 ** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
-** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the 
+** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
 ** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
 ** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
 ** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
@@ -7503,6 +8038,12 @@ struct sqlite3_index_info {
 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
 ** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
 ** destructor.
+**
+** ^If the third parameter (the pointer to the sqlite3_module object) is
+** NULL then no new module is create and any existing modules with the
+** same name are dropped.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_drop_modules()]
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(
   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
@@ -7518,6 +8059,23 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
   void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
 );
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Remove Unnecessary Virtual Table Implementations
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_drop_modules(D,L) interface removes all virtual
+** table modules from database connection D except those named on list L.
+** The L parameter must be either NULL or a pointer to an array of pointers
+** to strings where the array is terminated by a single NULL pointer.
+** ^If the L parameter is NULL, then all virtual table modules are removed.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_create_module()]
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_drop_modules(
+  sqlite3 *db,                /* Remove modules from this connection */
+  const char **azKeep         /* Except, do not remove the ones named here */
+);
+
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
@@ -7580,7 +8138,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
 ** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
-** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].  
+** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
 ** But global versions of those functions
 ** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
 **
@@ -7631,7 +8189,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
 **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
 ** </pre>)^
 **
-** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but 
+** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
 ** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
 ** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
 ** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
@@ -7644,28 +8202,28 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
 ** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
 ** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
 ** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
-** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()] 
+** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
 ** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
 **
 ** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
 ** <ul>
-**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^, 
-**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^, 
-**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^, 
+**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
+**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
+**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
 **   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
 **   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
 **         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
-**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE 
+**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
 **         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
-**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled, 
+**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
 **         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
 **         being opened for read/write access)^.
 ** </ul>
 **
-** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the 
-** [database connection] error code and message accessible via 
-** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions. 
+** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
+** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
+** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
 **
 ** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
 ** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
@@ -7691,7 +8249,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
 ** blob.
 **
 ** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
-** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a 
+** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
 ** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
 **
 ** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
@@ -7741,7 +8299,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
 **
 ** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
-** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the 
+** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
 ** handle is still closed.)^
 **
 ** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
@@ -7751,10 +8309,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
 ** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
 **
 ** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
-** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine 
-** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to 
+** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
+** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
 ** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
-** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the 
+** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
 ** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
@@ -7763,7 +8321,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
 **
-** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the 
+** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
 ** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
 ** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
 ** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
@@ -7814,9 +8372,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
 **
 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
 ** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
-** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the 
-** [database connection] error code and message accessible via 
-** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions. 
+** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
+** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
+** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
 **
 ** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
 ** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
@@ -7825,9 +8383,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
 ** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
 ** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the 
-** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined 
-** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less 
+** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
+** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
+** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
 ** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
 **
 ** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
@@ -7921,7 +8479,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
 ** <ul>
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
@@ -7979,7 +8537,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
 ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
 ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
 ** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
-** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable 
+** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
 ** behavior.)^
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
@@ -8044,7 +8602,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
 ** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
 ** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
 ** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
-** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
+** by this structure are not required to handle this case. The results
 ** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
 ** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
 ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
@@ -8123,7 +8681,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
 */
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN      2
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
@@ -8138,11 +8696,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
 
+/* Legacy compatibility: */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
+
+
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
-** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that 
+** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
 ** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
 ** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
 ** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
@@ -8169,7 +8731,7 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
 **
 ** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
-** by the SQLite core and never invoke the 
+** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
 ** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
@@ -8226,17 +8788,18 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS      17
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
@@ -8247,12 +8810,16 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED               28
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS     29
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT              30
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    30  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
 **
-** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords 
+** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
 ** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
 ** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
 ** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
@@ -8324,14 +8891,14 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
 **
 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
 ** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
-** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to 
+** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
 ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
 **
 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
 ** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
 ** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
-** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from 
-** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for 
+** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
+** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
 ** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
 ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
 ** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
@@ -8367,9 +8934,9 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
 ** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
 ** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
 **
-** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and 
+** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
 ** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
-** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of 
+** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
 ** [sqlite3_str] object X.
 **
 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
@@ -8386,7 +8953,7 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
 ** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
 **
 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
-** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.  
+** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
 **
 ** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
 ** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
@@ -8488,7 +9055,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
 ** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
 ** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
+** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
@@ -8497,11 +9064,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
-** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using 
+** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
 ** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
 **
-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]] 
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
@@ -8513,8 +9080,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
+** handed to the [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
+** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
@@ -8527,7 +9094,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
-** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack. 
+** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
 ** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
 ** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
 ** </dl>
@@ -8549,12 +9116,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
-** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information 
+** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
 ** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
 ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
 ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
-** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of 
+** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
 ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
 **
@@ -8589,7 +9156,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int r
 ** checked out.</dd>)^
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were 
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that were
 ** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
 ** the current value is always zero.)^
 **
@@ -8614,7 +9181,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int r
 ** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
 **
-** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]] 
+** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
 ** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
@@ -8629,7 +9196,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int r
 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
 ** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
-** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^ 
+** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
 ** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
 ** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
 ** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
@@ -8644,13 +9211,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int r
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
-** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT 
+** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
 ** is always 0.
 ** </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
-** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS 
+** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
 ** is always 0.
 ** </dd>
 **
@@ -8671,7 +9238,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int r
 ** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
 ** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
 ** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
-** inefficiencies that can be resolve by increasing the cache size.
+** inefficiencies that can be resolved by increasing the cache size.
 ** </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
@@ -8708,7 +9275,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int r
 ** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
 ** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
 ** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
-** an index.  
+** an index.
 **
 ** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
 ** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
@@ -8735,7 +9302,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
 ** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
-** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through 
+** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
 ** careful use of indices.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
@@ -8753,14 +9320,14 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
 ** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
 ** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
-** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be 
+** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
-** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or change to 
+** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or changes to
 ** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
@@ -8820,15 +9387,15 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 ** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
 **
 ** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
-** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an 
+** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
 ** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
-** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by 
+** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
 ** SQLite is used for the page cache.
-** By implementing a 
+** By implementing a
 ** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
-** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which 
-** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to 
-** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for 
+** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
+** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
+** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
 ** how long.
 **
 ** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
@@ -8841,19 +9408,19 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
 **
 ** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
-** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective 
+** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
 ** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
 ** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
 ** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
-** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures 
-** required by the custom page cache implementation. 
-** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the 
+** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
+** required by the custom page cache implementation.
+** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
 ** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
 ** page cache.)^
 **
 ** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
 ** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
-** It can be used to clean up 
+** It can be used to clean up
 ** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
 ** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
 **
@@ -8872,7 +9439,7 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 ** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
 ** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
 ** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
-** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage 
+** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
 ** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
 ** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
 ** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
@@ -8885,7 +9452,7 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 ** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
 ** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
 ** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
-** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.  
+** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
 ** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
 ** never contain any unpinned pages.
 **
@@ -8900,12 +9467,12 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 ** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
 ** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
 ** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
-** 
+**
 ** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
-** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to 
+** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
 ** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
 ** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
-** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a 
+** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
 ** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
 ** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
 ** for each entry in the page cache.
@@ -8931,7 +9498,7 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 **
 ** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
 ** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
-** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
+** failed.)^  In between the xFetch() calls, SQLite may
 ** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
 ** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
 **
@@ -8944,8 +9511,8 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 ** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
 ** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
 **
-** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single 
-** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls 
+** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
+** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
 ** to xFetch().
 **
 ** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
@@ -8985,7 +9552,7 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
   sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
-  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, 
+  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
       unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
@@ -9030,7 +9597,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 **
 ** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
 ** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
-** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files. 
+** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
 **
 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
 **
@@ -9041,36 +9608,36 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 ** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
 ** preventing other database connections from
 ** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
-** 
-** ^(To perform a backup operation: 
+**
+** ^(To perform a backup operation:
 **   <ol>
 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
-**         backup, 
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer 
+**         backup,
+**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
 **         the data between the two databases, and finally
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources 
-**         associated with the backup operation. 
+**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
+**         associated with the backup operation.
 **   </ol>)^
 ** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
 ** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
 **
 ** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
 **
-** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the 
-** [database connection] associated with the destination database 
+** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
+** [database connection] associated with the destination database
 ** and the database name, respectively.
 ** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
 ** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
 ** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
-** ^The S and M arguments passed to 
+** ^The S and M arguments passed to
 ** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
 ** and database name of the source database, respectively.
 ** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
 ** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
 ** an error.
 **
-** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if 
-** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the 
+** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
+** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
 ** destination database.
 **
 ** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
@@ -9082,14 +9649,14 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 ** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
 ** [sqlite3_backup] object.
 ** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup 
+** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
 ** operation.
 **
 ** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
 **
-** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between 
+** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
 ** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
-** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied. 
+** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
 ** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
@@ -9111,8 +9678,8 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 **
 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
 ** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
-** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the 
-** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then 
+** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
+** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
 ** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
 ** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
 ** [database connection]
@@ -9120,15 +9687,15 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 ** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
 ** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
-** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then 
-** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These 
-** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept 
-** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle 
+** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
+** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
+** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
+** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
 ** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
 **
 ** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
-** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either 
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete 
+** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
+** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
 ** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
 ** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
 ** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
@@ -9137,18 +9704,18 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 ** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
 ** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
 ** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
-** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source 
+** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
 ** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
 ** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
 ** updated at the same time.
 **
 ** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
 **
-** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the 
+** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
 ** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
 ** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
-** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object. 
+** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
 ** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
@@ -9188,8 +9755,8 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 ** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
 ** from within other threads.
 **
-** However, the application must guarantee that the destination 
-** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after 
+** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
+** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
 ** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
 ** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
@@ -9200,11 +9767,11 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 ** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
 ** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
 ** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
-** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being 
+** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
 ** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
 ** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
 **
-** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple 
+** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
 ** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
 ** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
 ** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
@@ -9229,8 +9796,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 ** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
 ** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
 ** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
-** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking. 
-** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke 
+** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
+** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
 ** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
 ** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
@@ -9238,18 +9805,18 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
 **
 ** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
-** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back. 
+** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
 **
 ** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
 ** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
 ** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
-** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an 
+** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
 ** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
-** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as 
+** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
 ** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
 ** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
 ** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
-** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
+** call that concludes the blocking connection's transaction.
 **
 ** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
 ** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
@@ -9259,15 +9826,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 **
 ** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
 ** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
-** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of 
+** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
 ** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
 **
-** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a 
+** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
 ** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
-** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections 
+** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
 ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
 **
@@ -9280,25 +9847,25 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 **
 ** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
 **
-** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a 
+** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
 ** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
 ** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
 ** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
 ** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
 ** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
 **
-** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
+** When a blocking connection's transaction is concluded, there may be
 ** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
 ** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
 ** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
 ** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
 ** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
-** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions 
+** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
 ** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
 **
 ** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
 **
-** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a 
+** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
 ** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
 ** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
 ** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
@@ -9321,7 +9888,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 **
 ** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
 **
-** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost 
+** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
 ** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
 ** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
 ** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
@@ -9334,7 +9901,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 ** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
 ** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
 ** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
-** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just 
+** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
 ** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
@@ -9425,8 +9992,8 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
 ** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
 **
-** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and 
-** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation 
+** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
+** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
 ** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
 **
 ** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
@@ -9445,7 +10012,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
 ** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
 ** are undefined.
 **
-** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback 
+** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
 ** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
 ** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
 ** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
@@ -9453,7 +10020,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
 ** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
 */
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
-  sqlite3*, 
+  sqlite3*,
   int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
   void*
 );
@@ -9466,7 +10033,7 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
 ** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
 ** to automatically [checkpoint]
 ** after committing a transaction if there are N or
-** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or 
+** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
 ** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
 ** checkpoints entirely.
 **
@@ -9496,7 +10063,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
 **
-** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the 
+** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
 ** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
 ** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
 ** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
@@ -9522,10 +10089,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
 **
 ** <dl>
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
-**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database 
-**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames 
+**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
+**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
 **   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
-**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.  
+**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
 **   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
 **   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
 **
@@ -9539,9 +10106,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
 **
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
-**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the 
+**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
 **   [busy-handler callback])
-**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures 
+**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
 **   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
 **   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
 **   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
@@ -9563,31 +10130,31 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
 ** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
 **
 ** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
-** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the 
-** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a 
+** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
+** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
 ** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
 **
-** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the 
+** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
 ** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
 ** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
 ** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
 ** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
 ** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
 ** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
-** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as 
-** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible 
+** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
+** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
 ** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
 **
 ** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
-** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to 
+** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
 ** [database connection] db.  In this case the
-** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If 
-** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the 
-** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining 
-** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other 
-** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned 
-** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error 
-** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached 
+** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
+** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
+** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
+** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
+** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
+** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
+** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
 ** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
 **
 ** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
@@ -9635,21 +10202,28 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
 ** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
 ** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
 **
-** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
-** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
-** may be added in the future.
+** In the call sqlite3_vtab_config(D,C,...) the D parameter is the
+** [database connection] in which the virtual table is being created and
+** which is passed in as the first argument to the [xConnect] or [xCreate]
+** method that is invoking sqlite3_vtab_config().  The C parameter is one
+** of the [virtual table configuration options].  The presence and meaning
+** of parameters after C depend on which [virtual table configuration option]
+** is used.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
+** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration options}
+** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration option}
 **
 ** These macros define the various options to the
 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
 ** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
 **
 ** <dl>
-** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
+** [[SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT</dt>
 ** <dd>Calls of the form
 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
 ** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
@@ -9663,24 +10237,46 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
 ** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
 ** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
 ** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
-** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite 
+** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
 ** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
-** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate. 
+** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
 ** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
 ** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
 ** had been ABORT.
 **
 ** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
-** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the 
-** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON 
-** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should 
+** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
+** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
+** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
 ** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
 ** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
-** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT 
+** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
 ** constraint handling.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY</dt>
+** <dd>Calls of the form
+** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY) from within the
+** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
+** prohibits that virtual table from being used from within triggers and
+** views.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS</dt>
+** <dd>Calls of the form
+** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS) from within the
+** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
+** identify that virtual table as being safe to use from within triggers
+** and views.  Conceptually, the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS tag means that the
+** virtual table can do no serious harm even if it is controlled by a
+** malicious hacker.  Developers should avoid setting the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS
+** flag unless absolutely necessary.
+** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
 #define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
+#define SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS          2
+#define SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY         3
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
@@ -9698,10 +10294,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
 **
 ** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
-** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
+** method of a [virtual table], then it might return true if the
 ** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
-** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
-** a return value that is less expensive to compute and that the corresponding
+** column value will not change.  The virtual table implementation can use
+** this hint as permission to substitute a return value that is less
+** expensive to compute and that the corresponding
 ** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
 **
 ** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
@@ -9710,6 +10307,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
 ** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
 ** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
 ** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
+**
+** The sqlite3_vtab_nochange() routine is an optimization.  Virtual table
+** implementations should continue to give a correct answer even if the
+** sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface were to always return false.  In the
+** current implementation, the sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface does always
+** returns false for the enhanced [UPDATE FROM] statement.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
 
@@ -9717,12 +10320,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
 **
 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
-** method of a [virtual table]. 
+** method of a [virtual table].
 **
 ** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
 ** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
 ** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
-** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer 
+** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
 ** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
 ** constraint.
 */
@@ -9760,15 +10363,15 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_
 **
 ** <dl>
 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
-** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
+** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be
 ** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
-** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
+** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
 ** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
-** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
+** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
 ** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
 ** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
 ** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
@@ -9776,17 +10379,17 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_
 ** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
-** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
+** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
 ** used for the X-th loop.
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
-** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
+** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
 ** description for the X-th loop.
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
-** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
+** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
 ** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
 ** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
 ** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
@@ -9836,7 +10439,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
   int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
   int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
   void *pOut                /* Result written here */
-);     
+);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
@@ -9851,18 +10454,19 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
+** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
 ** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
 ** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
-** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out 
+** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
 ** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
 ** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
 ** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
 ** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
 ** any [attached] databases.
 **
-** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages 
-** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained 
+** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
+** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
 ** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
 ** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
 ** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
@@ -9883,6 +10487,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
+** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
 ** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
@@ -9900,7 +10505,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
 **
 ** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
 ** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
-** system tables like sqlite_master or sqlite_stat1.
+** system tables like sqlite_sequence or sqlite_stat1.
 **
 ** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
 ** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
@@ -9909,21 +10514,21 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
 ** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
 ** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
 ** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
-** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or 
+** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
 ** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
 ** databases.)^
 ** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
 ** table that is being modified.
 **
 ** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
-** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the 
+** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
 ** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
-** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth 
+** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
 ** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
 ** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
 ** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
 ** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
-** INSERT operations on rowid tables.
+** DELETE operations on rowid tables.
 **
 ** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
 ** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
@@ -9957,7 +10562,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
 **
 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
 ** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
-** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level 
+** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
 ** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
 ** triggers; and so forth.
 **
@@ -9985,13 +10590,14 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
+** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
 ** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
 ** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
 ** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
 ** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
-** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.  
+** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
 
@@ -10029,12 +10635,12 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
 ** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
 ** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
-** this function is called, one is opened automatically. 
+** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
 **
 ** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
 ** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
 ** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
-** in this case. 
+** in this case.
 **
 ** <ul>
 **   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
@@ -10046,13 +10652,13 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
 **
 **   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
 **        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
-**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal 
+**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
 **        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
 **        must be written to it first.
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
-** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason, 
+** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
 ** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
 **
 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
@@ -10072,38 +10678,38 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
 ** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
 **
-** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read 
-** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of 
-** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to 
-** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the 
-** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK 
+** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
+** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
+** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
+** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
+** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
 ** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
 **
-** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in 
+** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
 ** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
 ** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
 ** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
-** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()). 
+** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
 ** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
 ** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
 **
 ** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
-** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case 
+** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
 ** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
 **
-** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is 
+** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
 ** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
 ** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
 ** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
 ** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
-** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the 
+** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
 ** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
 **
 ** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
 ** database connection D does not know that the database file for
 ** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
 ** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
-** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode] 
+** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
 ** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
 ** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
 ** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
@@ -10135,17 +10741,17 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
 **
 ** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
-** of two valid snapshot handles. 
+** of two valid snapshot handles.
 **
-** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database 
-** file, the result of the comparison is undefined. 
+** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
+** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
 **
 ** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
 ** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
 ** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
 ** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
-** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the 
-** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function 
+** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
+** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
 ** is undefined.
 **
 ** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
@@ -10210,7 +10816,7 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const c
 ** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
 ** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
 ** values of D and S.
-** The size of the database is written into *P even if the 
+** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
 ** of the database exists.
 **
@@ -10247,7 +10853,7 @@ SQLITE_API unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
 **
-** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the 
+** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
 ** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
 ** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
 ** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
@@ -10266,7 +10872,7 @@ SQLITE_API unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
 ** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
 ** operation.
 **
-** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the 
+** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
 ** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
 ** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
 **
@@ -10381,7 +10987,7 @@ struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
 };
 
 /*
-** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be 
+** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be
 ** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
 **
 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
@@ -10396,7 +11002,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
 
 
 /*
-** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the 
+** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the
 ** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
 ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
 **
@@ -10418,7 +11024,7 @@ struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
   sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
   int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
-  int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visiblity */
+  int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visibility */
   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
   /* The following fields are only available in 3.8.11 and later */
   sqlite3_value **apSqlParam;       /* Original SQL values of parameters */
@@ -10491,7 +11097,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_changeset_iter sqlite3_changeset_iter;
 ** is not possible for an application to register a pre-update hook on a
 ** database handle that has one or more session objects attached. Nor is
 ** it possible to create a session object attached to a database handle for
-** which a pre-update hook is already defined. The results of attempting 
+** which a pre-update hook is already defined. The results of attempting
 ** either of these things are undefined.
 **
 ** The session object will be used to create changesets for tables in
@@ -10509,13 +11115,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_create(
 ** CAPI3REF: Delete A Session Object
 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_session
 **
-** Delete a session object previously allocated using 
+** Delete a session object previously allocated using
 ** [sqlite3session_create()]. Once a session object has been deleted, the
 ** results of attempting to use pSession with any other session module
 ** function are undefined.
 **
 ** Session objects must be deleted before the database handle to which they
-** are attached is closed. Refer to the documentation for 
+** are attached is closed. Refer to the documentation for
 ** [sqlite3session_create()] for details.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession);
@@ -10533,10 +11139,10 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession);
 ** the eventual changesets.
 **
 ** Passing zero to this function disables the session. Passing a value
-** greater than zero enables it. Passing a value less than zero is a 
+** greater than zero enables it. Passing a value less than zero is a
 ** no-op, and may be used to query the current state of the session.
 **
-** The return value indicates the final state of the session object: 0 if 
+** The return value indicates the final state of the session object: 0 if
 ** the session is disabled, or 1 if it is enabled.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);
@@ -10551,7 +11157,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);
 ** <ul>
 **   <li> The session object "indirect" flag is set when the change is
 **        made, or
-**   <li> The change is made by an SQL trigger or foreign key action 
+**   <li> The change is made by an SQL trigger or foreign key action
 **        instead of directly as a result of a users SQL statement.
 ** </ul>
 **
@@ -10563,10 +11169,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);
 ** flag.  If the second argument passed to this function is zero, then the
 ** indirect flag is cleared. If it is greater than zero, the indirect flag
 ** is set. Passing a value less than zero does not modify the current value
-** of the indirect flag, and may be used to query the current state of the 
+** of the indirect flag, and may be used to query the current state of the
 ** indirect flag for the specified session object.
 **
-** The return value indicates the final state of the indirect flag: 0 if 
+** The return value indicates the final state of the indirect flag: 0 if
 ** it is clear, or 1 if it is set.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect);
@@ -10576,20 +11182,20 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect)
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
 **
 ** If argument zTab is not NULL, then it is the name of a table to attach
-** to the session object passed as the first argument. All subsequent changes 
-** made to the table while the session object is enabled will be recorded. See 
+** to the session object passed as the first argument. All subsequent changes
+** made to the table while the session object is enabled will be recorded. See
 ** documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further details.
 **
 ** Or, if argument zTab is NULL, then changes are recorded for all tables
-** in the database. If additional tables are added to the database (by 
-** executing "CREATE TABLE" statements) after this call is made, changes for 
+** in the database. If additional tables are added to the database (by
+** executing "CREATE TABLE" statements) after this call is made, changes for
 ** the new tables are also recorded.
 **
 ** Changes can only be recorded for tables that have a PRIMARY KEY explicitly
-** defined as part of their CREATE TABLE statement. It does not matter if the 
+** defined as part of their CREATE TABLE statement. It does not matter if the
 ** PRIMARY KEY is an "INTEGER PRIMARY KEY" (rowid alias) or not. The PRIMARY
 ** KEY may consist of a single column, or may be a composite key.
-** 
+**
 ** It is not an error if the named table does not exist in the database. Nor
 ** is it an error if the named table does not have a PRIMARY KEY. However,
 ** no changes will be recorded in either of these scenarios.
@@ -10597,29 +11203,29 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect)
 ** Changes are not recorded for individual rows that have NULL values stored
 ** in one or more of their PRIMARY KEY columns.
 **
-** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error 
+** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error
 ** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
 **
 ** <h3>Special sqlite_stat1 Handling</h3>
 **
-** As of SQLite version 3.22.0, the "sqlite_stat1" table is an exception to 
+** As of SQLite version 3.22.0, the "sqlite_stat1" table is an exception to
 ** some of the rules above. In SQLite, the schema of sqlite_stat1 is:
 **  <pre>
-**  &nbsp;     CREATE TABLE sqlite_stat1(tbl,idx,stat)  
+**  &nbsp;     CREATE TABLE sqlite_stat1(tbl,idx,stat)
 **  </pre>
 **
-** Even though sqlite_stat1 does not have a PRIMARY KEY, changes are 
-** recorded for it as if the PRIMARY KEY is (tbl,idx). Additionally, changes 
+** Even though sqlite_stat1 does not have a PRIMARY KEY, changes are
+** recorded for it as if the PRIMARY KEY is (tbl,idx). Additionally, changes
 ** are recorded for rows for which (idx IS NULL) is true. However, for such
 ** rows a zero-length blob (SQL value X'') is stored in the changeset or
 ** patchset instead of a NULL value. This allows such changesets to be
 ** manipulated by legacy implementations of sqlite3changeset_invert(),
 ** concat() and similar.
 **
-** The sqlite3changeset_apply() function automatically converts the 
+** The sqlite3changeset_apply() function automatically converts the
 ** zero-length blob back to a NULL value when updating the sqlite_stat1
 ** table. However, if the application calls sqlite3changeset_new(),
-** sqlite3changeset_old() or sqlite3changeset_conflict on a changeset 
+** sqlite3changeset_old() or sqlite3changeset_conflict on a changeset
 ** iterator directly (including on a changeset iterator passed to a
 ** conflict-handler callback) then the X'' value is returned. The application
 ** must translate X'' to NULL itself if required.
@@ -10638,10 +11244,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_attach(
 ** CAPI3REF: Set a table filter on a Session Object.
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
 **
-** The second argument (xFilter) is the "filter callback". For changes to rows 
+** The second argument (xFilter) is the "filter callback". For changes to rows
 ** in tables that are not attached to the Session object, the filter is called
-** to determine whether changes to the table's rows should be tracked or not. 
-** If xFilter returns 0, changes is not tracked. Note that once a table is 
+** to determine whether changes to the table's rows should be tracked or not.
+** If xFilter returns 0, changes are not tracked. Note that once a table is
 ** attached, xFilter will not be called again.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
@@ -10657,9 +11263,9 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
 ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Changeset From A Session Object
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
 **
-** Obtain a changeset containing changes to the tables attached to the 
-** session object passed as the first argument. If successful, 
-** set *ppChangeset to point to a buffer containing the changeset 
+** Obtain a changeset containing changes to the tables attached to the
+** session object passed as the first argument. If successful,
+** set *ppChangeset to point to a buffer containing the changeset
 ** and *pnChangeset to the size of the changeset in bytes before returning
 ** SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs, set both *ppChangeset and *pnChangeset to
 ** zero and return an SQLite error code.
@@ -10674,7 +11280,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
 ** modifies the values of primary key columns. If such a change is made, it
 ** is represented in a changeset as a DELETE followed by an INSERT.
 **
-** Changes are not recorded for rows that have NULL values stored in one or 
+** Changes are not recorded for rows that have NULL values stored in one or
 ** more of their PRIMARY KEY columns. If such a row is inserted or deleted,
 ** no corresponding change is present in the changesets returned by this
 ** function. If an existing row with one or more NULL values stored in
@@ -10727,14 +11333,14 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
 ** <ul>
 **   <li> For each record generated by an insert, the database is queried
 **        for a row with a matching primary key. If one is found, an INSERT
-**        change is added to the changeset. If no such row is found, no change 
+**        change is added to the changeset. If no such row is found, no change
 **        is added to the changeset.
 **
-**   <li> For each record generated by an update or delete, the database is 
+**   <li> For each record generated by an update or delete, the database is
 **        queried for a row with a matching primary key. If such a row is
 **        found and one or more of the non-primary key fields have been
-**        modified from their original values, an UPDATE change is added to 
-**        the changeset. Or, if no such row is found in the table, a DELETE 
+**        modified from their original values, an UPDATE change is added to
+**        the changeset. Or, if no such row is found in the table, a DELETE
 **        change is added to the changeset. If there is a row with a matching
 **        primary key in the database, but all fields contain their original
 **        values, no change is added to the changeset.
@@ -10742,7 +11348,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
 **
 ** This means, amongst other things, that if a row is inserted and then later
 ** deleted while a session object is active, neither the insert nor the delete
-** will be present in the changeset. Or if a row is deleted and then later a 
+** will be present in the changeset. Or if a row is deleted and then later a
 ** row with the same primary key values inserted while a session object is
 ** active, the resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change instead of
 ** a DELETE and an INSERT.
@@ -10751,10 +11357,10 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
 ** it does not accumulate records when rows are inserted, updated or deleted.
 ** This may appear to have some counter-intuitive effects if a single row
 ** is written to more than once during a session. For example, if a row
-** is inserted while a session object is enabled, then later deleted while 
+** is inserted while a session object is enabled, then later deleted while
 ** the same session object is disabled, no INSERT record will appear in the
 ** changeset, even though the delete took place while the session was disabled.
-** Or, if one field of a row is updated while a session is disabled, and 
+** Or, if one field of a row is updated while a session is disabled, and
 ** another field of the same row is updated while the session is enabled, the
 ** resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change that updates both fields.
 */
@@ -10775,7 +11381,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset(
 ** an error).
 **
 ** Argument zFromDb must be the name of a database ("main", "temp" etc.)
-** attached to the same database handle as the session object that contains 
+** attached to the same database handle as the session object that contains
 ** a table compatible with the table attached to the session by this function.
 ** A table is considered compatible if it:
 **
@@ -10791,33 +11397,33 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset(
 ** APIs, tables without PRIMARY KEYs are simply ignored.
 **
 ** This function adds a set of changes to the session object that could be
-** used to update the table in database zFrom (call this the "from-table") 
-** so that its content is the same as the table attached to the session 
+** used to update the table in database zFrom (call this the "from-table")
+** so that its content is the same as the table attached to the session
 ** object (call this the "to-table"). Specifically:
 **
 ** <ul>
-**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in 
+**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
 **     the from-table, an INSERT record is added to the session object.
 **
-**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in 
+**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
 **     the from-table, a DELETE record is added to the session object.
 **
-**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in both tables, but features 
+**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in both tables, but features
 **     different non-PK values in each, an UPDATE record is added to the
-**     session.  
+**     session.
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** To clarify, if this function is called and then a changeset constructed
-** using [sqlite3session_changeset()], then after applying that changeset to 
-** database zFrom the contents of the two compatible tables would be 
+** using [sqlite3session_changeset()], then after applying that changeset to
+** database zFrom the contents of the two compatible tables would be
 ** identical.
 **
 ** It an error if database zFrom does not exist or does not contain the
 ** required compatible table.
 **
-** If the operation successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite
+** If the operation is successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite
 ** error code. In this case, if argument pzErrMsg is not NULL, *pzErrMsg
-** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error 
+** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error
 ** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to free this buffer using
 ** sqlite3_free().
 */
@@ -10836,19 +11442,19 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_diff(
 ** The differences between a patchset and a changeset are that:
 **
 ** <ul>
-**   <li> DELETE records consist of the primary key fields only. The 
+**   <li> DELETE records consist of the primary key fields only. The
 **        original values of other fields are omitted.
-**   <li> The original values of any modified fields are omitted from 
+**   <li> The original values of any modified fields are omitted from
 **        UPDATE records.
 ** </ul>
 **
-** A patchset blob may be used with up to date versions of all 
-** sqlite3changeset_xxx API functions except for sqlite3changeset_invert(), 
+** A patchset blob may be used with up to date versions of all
+** sqlite3changeset_xxx API functions except for sqlite3changeset_invert(),
 ** which returns SQLITE_CORRUPT if it is passed a patchset. Similarly,
 ** attempting to use a patchset blob with old versions of the
-** sqlite3changeset_xxx APIs also provokes an SQLITE_CORRUPT error. 
+** sqlite3changeset_xxx APIs also provokes an SQLITE_CORRUPT error.
 **
-** Because the non-primary key "old.*" fields are omitted, no 
+** Because the non-primary key "old.*" fields are omitted, no
 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflicts can be detected or reported if a patchset
 ** is passed to the sqlite3changeset_apply() API. Other conflict types work
 ** in the same way as for changesets.
@@ -10867,22 +11473,22 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset(
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Test if a changeset has recorded any changes.
 **
-** Return non-zero if no changes to attached tables have been recorded by 
-** the session object passed as the first argument. Otherwise, if one or 
+** Return non-zero if no changes to attached tables have been recorded by
+** the session object passed as the first argument. Otherwise, if one or
 ** more changes have been recorded, return zero.
 **
 ** Even if this function returns zero, it is possible that calling
 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()] on the session handle may still return a
-** changeset that contains no changes. This can happen when a row in 
-** an attached table is modified and then later on the original values 
+** changeset that contains no changes. This can happen when a row in
+** an attached table is modified and then later on the original values
 ** are restored. However, if this function returns non-zero, then it is
-** guaranteed that a call to sqlite3session_changeset() will return a 
+** guaranteed that a call to sqlite3session_changeset() will return a
 ** changeset containing zero changes.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF: Create An Iterator To Traverse A Changeset 
+** CAPI3REF: Create An Iterator To Traverse A Changeset
 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changeset_iter
 **
 ** Create an iterator used to iterate through the contents of a changeset.
@@ -10890,7 +11496,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);
 ** is returned. Otherwise, if an error occurs, *pp is set to zero and an
 ** SQLite error code is returned.
 **
-** The following functions can be used to advance and query a changeset 
+** The following functions can be used to advance and query a changeset
 ** iterator created by this function:
 **
 ** <ul>
@@ -10907,26 +11513,52 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);
 **
 ** Assuming the changeset blob was created by one of the
 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()], [sqlite3changeset_concat()] or
-** [sqlite3changeset_invert()] functions, all changes within the changeset 
-** that apply to a single table are grouped together. This means that when 
-** an application iterates through a changeset using an iterator created by 
-** this function, all changes that relate to a single table are visited 
-** consecutively. There is no chance that the iterator will visit a change 
-** the applies to table X, then one for table Y, and then later on visit 
+** [sqlite3changeset_invert()] functions, all changes within the changeset
+** that apply to a single table are grouped together. This means that when
+** an application iterates through a changeset using an iterator created by
+** this function, all changes that relate to a single table are visited
+** consecutively. There is no chance that the iterator will visit a change
+** the applies to table X, then one for table Y, and then later on visit
 ** another change for table X.
+**
+** The behavior of sqlite3changeset_start_v2() and its streaming equivalent
+** may be modified by passing a combination of
+** [SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT | supported flags] as the 4th parameter.
+**
+** Note that the sqlite3changeset_start_v2() API is still <b>experimental</b>
+** and therefore subject to change.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start(
   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
   void *pChangeset                /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
 );
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_v2(
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
+  int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
+  void *pChangeset,               /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
+  int flags                       /* SESSION_CHANGESETSTART_* flags */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3changeset_start_v2
+**
+** The following flags may passed via the 4th parameter to
+** [sqlite3changeset_start_v2] and [sqlite3changeset_start_v2_strm]:
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT <dd>
+**   Invert the changeset while iterating through it. This is equivalent to
+**   inverting a changeset using sqlite3changeset_invert() before applying it.
+**   It is an error to specify this flag with a patchset.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT        0x0002
 
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Advance A Changeset Iterator
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
 **
-** This function may only be used with iterators created by function
+** This function may only be used with iterators created by the function
 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()]. If it is called on an iterator passed to
 ** a conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], SQLITE_MISUSE
 ** is returned and the call has no effect.
@@ -10937,12 +11569,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start(
 ** point to the first change in the changeset. Each subsequent call advances
 ** the iterator to point to the next change in the changeset (if any). If
 ** no error occurs and the iterator points to a valid change after a call
-** to sqlite3changeset_next() has advanced it, SQLITE_ROW is returned. 
+** to sqlite3changeset_next() has advanced it, SQLITE_ROW is returned.
 ** Otherwise, if all changes in the changeset have already been visited,
 ** SQLITE_DONE is returned.
 **
-** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Possible error 
-** codes include SQLITE_CORRUPT (if the changeset buffer is corrupt) or 
+** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Possible error
+** codes include SQLITE_CORRUPT (if the changeset buffer is corrupt) or
 ** SQLITE_NOMEM.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_next(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
@@ -10960,14 +11592,14 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_next(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
 ** If argument pzTab is not NULL, then *pzTab is set to point to a
 ** nul-terminated utf-8 encoded string containing the name of the table
 ** affected by the current change. The buffer remains valid until either
-** sqlite3changeset_next() is called on the iterator or until the 
-** conflict-handler function returns. If pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is 
+** sqlite3changeset_next() is called on the iterator or until the
+** conflict-handler function returns. If pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is
 ** set to the number of columns in the table affected by the change. If
-** pbIncorrect is not NULL, then *pbIndirect is set to true (1) if the change
+** pbIndirect is not NULL, then *pbIndirect is set to true (1) if the change
 ** is an indirect change, or false (0) otherwise. See the documentation for
 ** [sqlite3session_indirect()] for a description of direct and indirect
-** changes. Finally, if pOp is not NULL, then *pOp is set to one of 
-** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the 
+** changes. Finally, if pOp is not NULL, then *pOp is set to one of
+** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the
 ** type of change that the iterator currently points to.
 **
 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error does occur, an
@@ -11021,7 +11653,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_pk(
 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
-** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW. 
+** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE]. Otherwise,
 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
@@ -11031,9 +11663,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_pk(
 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
 **
 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
-** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of 
+** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
 ** original row values stored as part of the UPDATE or DELETE change and
-** returns SQLITE_OK. The name of the function comes from the fact that this 
+** returns SQLITE_OK. The name of the function comes from the fact that this
 ** is similar to the "old.*" columns available to update or delete triggers.
 **
 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
@@ -11052,7 +11684,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_old(
 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
-** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW. 
+** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_UPDATE] or [SQLITE_INSERT]. Otherwise,
 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
@@ -11062,12 +11694,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_old(
 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
 **
 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
-** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of 
+** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
 ** new row values stored as part of the UPDATE or INSERT change and
 ** returns SQLITE_OK. If the change is an UPDATE and does not include
-** a new value for the requested column, *ppValue is set to NULL and 
-** SQLITE_OK returned. The name of the function comes from the fact that 
-** this is similar to the "new.*" columns available to update or delete 
+** a new value for the requested column, *ppValue is set to NULL and
+** SQLITE_OK returned. The name of the function comes from the fact that
+** this is similar to the "new.*" columns available to update or delete
 ** triggers.
 **
 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
@@ -11094,7 +11726,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_new(
 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
 **
 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
-** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the 
+** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the
 ** "conflicting row" associated with the current conflict-handler callback
 ** and returns SQLITE_OK.
 **
@@ -11138,7 +11770,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts(
 ** call has no effect.
 **
 ** If an error was encountered within a call to an sqlite3changeset_xxx()
-** function (for example an [SQLITE_CORRUPT] in [sqlite3changeset_next()] or an 
+** function (for example an [SQLITE_CORRUPT] in [sqlite3changeset_next()] or an
 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM] in [sqlite3changeset_new()]) then an error code corresponding
 ** to that error is returned by this function. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is
 ** returned. This is to allow the following pattern (pseudo-code):
@@ -11150,7 +11782,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts(
 **   }
 **   rc = sqlite3changeset_finalize();
 **   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-**     // An error has occurred 
+**     // An error has occurred
 **   }
 ** </pre>
 */
@@ -11178,7 +11810,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_finalize(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
 ** zeroed and an SQLite error code returned.
 **
 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually call sqlite3_free()
-** on the *ppOut pointer to free the buffer allocation following a successful 
+** on the *ppOut pointer to free the buffer allocation following a successful
 ** call to this function.
 **
 ** WARNING/TODO: This function currently assumes that the input is a valid
@@ -11192,11 +11824,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_invert(
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Concatenate Two Changeset Objects
 **
-** This function is used to concatenate two changesets, A and B, into a 
+** This function is used to concatenate two changesets, A and B, into a
 ** single changeset. The result is a changeset equivalent to applying
-** changeset A followed by changeset B. 
+** changeset A followed by changeset B.
 **
-** This function combines the two input changesets using an 
+** This function combines the two input changesets using an
 ** sqlite3_changegroup object. Calling it produces similar results as the
 ** following code fragment:
 **
@@ -11228,7 +11860,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat(
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Changegroup Handle
 **
-** A changegroup is an object used to combine two or more 
+** A changegroup is an object used to combine two or more
 ** [changesets] or [patchsets]
 */
 typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
@@ -11244,7 +11876,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
 **
 ** If successful, this function returns SQLITE_OK and populates (*pp) with
 ** a pointer to a new sqlite3_changegroup object before returning. The caller
-** should eventually free the returned object using a call to 
+** should eventually free the returned object using a call to
 ** sqlite3changegroup_delete(). If an error occurs, an SQLite error code
 ** (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned and *pp is set to NULL.
 **
@@ -11256,7 +11888,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
 **   <li> Zero or more changesets (or patchsets) are added to the object
 **        by calling sqlite3changegroup_add().
 **
-**   <li> The result of combining all input changesets together is obtained 
+**   <li> The result of combining all input changesets together is obtained
 **        by the application via a call to sqlite3changegroup_output().
 **
 **   <li> The object is deleted using a call to sqlite3changegroup_delete().
@@ -11265,7 +11897,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
 ** Any number of calls to add() and output() may be made between the calls to
 ** new() and delete(), and in any order.
 **
-** As well as the regular sqlite3changegroup_add() and 
+** As well as the regular sqlite3changegroup_add() and
 ** sqlite3changegroup_output() functions, also available are the streaming
 ** versions sqlite3changegroup_add_strm() and sqlite3changegroup_output_strm().
 */
@@ -11276,7 +11908,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
 **
 ** Add all changes within the changeset (or patchset) in buffer pData (size
-** nData bytes) to the changegroup. 
+** nData bytes) to the changegroup.
 **
 ** If the buffer contains a patchset, then all prior calls to this function
 ** on the same changegroup object must also have specified patchsets. Or, if
@@ -11303,7 +11935,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
 **       added to the changegroup.
 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>UPDATE <td>
-**       The INSERT change remains in the changegroup. The values in the 
+**       The INSERT change remains in the changegroup. The values in the
 **       INSERT change are modified as if the row was inserted by the
 **       existing change and then updated according to the new change.
 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>DELETE <td>
@@ -11314,17 +11946,17 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
 **       added to the changegroup.
 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>UPDATE <td>
-**       The existing UPDATE remains within the changegroup. It is amended 
-**       so that the accompanying values are as if the row was updated once 
+**       The existing UPDATE remains within the changegroup. It is amended
+**       so that the accompanying values are as if the row was updated once
 **       by the existing change and then again by the new change.
 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>DELETE <td>
 **       The existing UPDATE is replaced by the new DELETE within the
 **       changegroup.
 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>INSERT <td>
 **       If one or more of the column values in the row inserted by the
-**       new change differ from those in the row deleted by the existing 
+**       new change differ from those in the row deleted by the existing
 **       change, the existing DELETE is replaced by an UPDATE within the
-**       changegroup. Otherwise, if the inserted row is exactly the same 
+**       changegroup. Otherwise, if the inserted row is exactly the same
 **       as the deleted row, the existing DELETE is simply discarded.
 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>UPDATE <td>
 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
@@ -11342,8 +11974,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
 ** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. If the input changeset
 ** appears to be corrupt and the corruption is detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is
 ** returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition occurs during processing, this
-** function returns SQLITE_NOMEM. In all cases, if an error occurs the
-** final contents of the changegroup is undefined.
+** function returns SQLITE_NOMEM. In all cases, if an error occurs the state
+** of the final contents of the changegroup is undefined.
 **
 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.
 */
@@ -11369,7 +12001,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add(sqlite3_changegroup*, int nData, void *pDa
 **
 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the output
 ** variables (*pnData) and (*ppData) are set to 0. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK
-** is returned and the output variables are set to the size of and a 
+** is returned and the output variables are set to the size of and a
 ** pointer to the output buffer, respectively. In this case it is the
 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer using a
 ** call to sqlite3_free().
@@ -11391,7 +12023,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
 **
 ** Apply a changeset or patchset to a database. These functions attempt to
 ** update the "main" database attached to handle db with the changes found in
-** the changeset passed via the second and third arguments. 
+** the changeset passed via the second and third arguments.
 **
 ** The fourth argument (xFilter) passed to these functions is the "filter
 ** callback". If it is not NULL, then for each table affected by at least one
@@ -11402,16 +12034,16 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
 ** Otherwise, if the return value is non-zero or the xFilter argument to
 ** is NULL, all changes related to the table are attempted.
 **
-** For each table that is not excluded by the filter callback, this function 
-** tests that the target database contains a compatible table. A table is 
+** For each table that is not excluded by the filter callback, this function
+** tests that the target database contains a compatible table. A table is
 ** considered compatible if all of the following are true:
 **
 ** <ul>
-**   <li> The table has the same name as the name recorded in the 
+**   <li> The table has the same name as the name recorded in the
 **        changeset, and
-**   <li> The table has at least as many columns as recorded in the 
+**   <li> The table has at least as many columns as recorded in the
 **        changeset, and
-**   <li> The table has primary key columns in the same position as 
+**   <li> The table has primary key columns in the same position as
 **        recorded in the changeset.
 ** </ul>
 **
@@ -11420,11 +12052,11 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
 ** via the sqlite3_log() mechanism with the error code SQLITE_SCHEMA. At most
 ** one such warning is issued for each table in the changeset.
 **
-** For each change for which there is a compatible table, an attempt is made 
-** to modify the table contents according to the UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE 
-** change. If a change cannot be applied cleanly, the conflict handler 
-** function passed as the fifth argument to sqlite3changeset_apply() may be 
-** invoked. A description of exactly when the conflict handler is invoked for 
+** For each change for which there is a compatible table, an attempt is made
+** to modify the table contents according to the UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE
+** change. If a change cannot be applied cleanly, the conflict handler
+** function passed as the fifth argument to sqlite3changeset_apply() may be
+** invoked. A description of exactly when the conflict handler is invoked for
 ** each type of change is below.
 **
 ** Unlike the xFilter argument, xConflict may not be passed NULL. The results
@@ -11432,23 +12064,23 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
 ** argument are undefined.
 **
 ** Each time the conflict handler function is invoked, it must return one
-** of [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT], [SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT] or 
+** of [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT], [SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT] or
 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE]. SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE may only be returned
 ** if the second argument passed to the conflict handler is either
 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If the conflict-handler
 ** returns an illegal value, any changes already made are rolled back and
-** the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE. Different 
+** the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE. Different
 ** actions are taken by sqlite3changeset_apply() depending on the value
 ** returned by each invocation of the conflict-handler function. Refer to
-** the documentation for the three 
+** the documentation for the three
 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT|available return values] for details.
 **
 ** <dl>
 ** <dt>DELETE Changes<dd>
-**   For each DELETE change, the function checks if the target database 
-**   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the 
-**   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values 
-**   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in 
+**   For each DELETE change, the function checks if the target database
+**   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
+**   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
+**   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in
 **   the changeset the row is deleted from the target database.
 **
 **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
@@ -11477,22 +12109,22 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
 **   database table, the trailing fields are populated with their default
 **   values.
 **
-**   If the attempt to insert the row fails because the database already 
+**   If the attempt to insert the row fails because the database already
 **   contains a row with the same primary key values, the conflict handler
-**   function is invoked with the second argument set to 
+**   function is invoked with the second argument set to
 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT].
 **
 **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because of some other constraint
-**   violation (e.g. NOT NULL or UNIQUE), the conflict handler function is 
+**   violation (e.g. NOT NULL or UNIQUE), the conflict handler function is
 **   invoked with the second argument set to [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT].
-**   This includes the case where the INSERT operation is re-attempted because 
-**   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned 
+**   This includes the case where the INSERT operation is re-attempted because
+**   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
 **
 ** <dt>UPDATE Changes<dd>
-**   For each UPDATE change, the function checks if the target database 
-**   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the 
-**   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values 
+**   For each UPDATE change, the function checks if the target database
+**   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
+**   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
 **   stored in all modified non-primary key columns also match the values
 **   stored in the changeset the row is updated within the target database.
 **
@@ -11508,28 +12140,28 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
 **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
 **   passed as the second argument.
 **
-**   If the UPDATE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns 
-**   SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the conflict-handler function is invoked with 
+**   If the UPDATE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns
+**   SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the conflict-handler function is invoked with
 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT] passed as the second argument.
-**   This includes the case where the UPDATE operation is attempted after 
+**   This includes the case where the UPDATE operation is attempted after
 **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
-**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].  
+**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
 ** </dl>
 **
 ** It is safe to execute SQL statements, including those that write to the
 ** table that the callback related to, from within the xConflict callback.
-** This can be used to further customize the applications conflict
+** This can be used to further customize the application's conflict
 ** resolution strategy.
 **
 ** All changes made by these functions are enclosed in a savepoint transaction.
 ** If any other error (aside from a constraint failure when attempting to
 ** write to the target database) occurs, then the savepoint transaction is
-** rolled back, restoring the target database to its original state, and an 
+** rolled back, restoring the target database to its original state, and an
 ** SQLite error code returned.
 **
 ** If the output parameters (ppRebase) and (pnRebase) are non-NULL and
 ** the input is a changeset (not a patchset), then sqlite3changeset_apply_v2()
-** may set (*ppRebase) to point to a "rebase" that may be used with the 
+** may set (*ppRebase) to point to a "rebase" that may be used with the
 ** sqlite3_rebaser APIs buffer before returning. In this case (*pnRebase)
 ** is set to the size of the buffer in bytes. It is the responsibility of the
 ** caller to eventually free any such buffer using sqlite3_free(). The buffer
@@ -11574,7 +12206,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
   ),
   void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
   void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase, /* OUT: Rebase data */
-  int flags                       /* Combination of SESSION_APPLY_* flags */
+  int flags                       /* SESSION_CHANGESETAPPLY_* flags */
 );
 
 /*
@@ -11590,12 +12222,18 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 **   SAVEPOINT is committed if the changeset or patchset is successfully
 **   applied, or rolled back if an error occurs. Specifying this flag
 **   causes the sessions module to omit this savepoint. In this case, if the
-**   caller has an open transaction or savepoint when apply_v2() is called, 
+**   caller has an open transaction or savepoint when apply_v2() is called,
 **   it may revert the partially applied changeset by rolling it back.
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT <dd>
+**   Invert the changeset before applying it. This is equivalent to inverting
+**   a changeset using sqlite3changeset_invert() before applying it. It is
+**   an error to specify this flag with a patchset.
 */
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT   0x0001
+#define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT        0x0002
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Passed To The Conflict Handler
 **
 ** Values that may be passed as the second argument to a conflict-handler.
@@ -11604,32 +12242,32 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA<dd>
 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_DATA as the second argument
 **   when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the required
-**   PRIMARY KEY fields is present in the database, but one or more other 
-**   (non primary-key) fields modified by the update do not contain the 
+**   PRIMARY KEY fields is present in the database, but one or more other
+**   (non primary-key) fields modified by the update do not contain the
 **   expected "before" values.
-** 
+**
 **   The conflicting row, in this case, is the database row with the matching
 **   primary key.
-** 
+**
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND<dd>
 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_NOTFOUND as the second
 **   argument when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the
 **   required PRIMARY KEY fields is not present in the database.
-** 
+**
 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
-** 
+**
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT<dd>
 **   CHANGESET_CONFLICT is passed as the second argument to the conflict
-**   handler while processing an INSERT change if the operation would result 
+**   handler while processing an INSERT change if the operation would result
 **   in duplicate primary key values.
-** 
+**
 **   The conflicting row in this case is the database row with the matching
 **   primary key.
 **
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY<dd>
 **   If foreign key handling is enabled, and applying a changeset leaves the
-**   database in a state containing foreign key violations, the conflict 
+**   database in a state containing foreign key violations, the conflict
 **   handler is invoked with CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY as the second argument
 **   exactly once before the changeset is committed. If the conflict handler
 **   returns CHANGESET_OMIT, the changes, including those that caused the
@@ -11639,12 +12277,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 **   No current or conflicting row information is provided. The only function
 **   it is possible to call on the supplied sqlite3_changeset_iter handle
 **   is sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts().
-** 
+**
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT<dd>
-**   If any other constraint violation occurs while applying a change (i.e. 
-**   a UNIQUE, CHECK or NOT NULL constraint), the conflict handler is 
+**   If any other constraint violation occurs while applying a change (i.e.
+**   a UNIQUE, CHECK or NOT NULL constraint), the conflict handler is
 **   invoked with CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT as the second argument.
-** 
+**
 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
 **
@@ -11656,7 +12294,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT  4
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY 5
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Returned By The Conflict Handler
 **
 ** A conflict handler callback must return one of the following three values.
@@ -11664,13 +12302,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 ** <dl>
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT<dd>
 **   If a conflict handler returns this value no special action is taken. The
-**   change that caused the conflict is not applied. The session module 
+**   change that caused the conflict is not applied. The session module
 **   continues to the next change in the changeset.
 **
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE<dd>
 **   This value may only be returned if the second argument to the conflict
 **   handler was SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If this
-**   is not the case, any changes applied so far are rolled back and the 
+**   is not the case, any changes applied so far are rolled back and the
 **   call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
 **
 **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict
@@ -11683,7 +12321,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 **   the original row is restored to the database before continuing.
 **
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT<dd>
-**   If this value is returned, any changes applied so far are rolled back 
+**   If this value is returned, any changes applied so far are rolled back
 **   and the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_ABORT.
 ** </dl>
 */
@@ -11691,20 +12329,20 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE    1
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT      2
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Rebasing changesets
 ** EXPERIMENTAL
 **
 ** Suppose there is a site hosting a database in state S0. And that
 ** modifications are made that move that database to state S1 and a
 ** changeset recorded (the "local" changeset). Then, a changeset based
-** on S0 is received from another site (the "remote" changeset) and 
-** applied to the database. The database is then in state 
+** on S0 is received from another site (the "remote" changeset) and
+** applied to the database. The database is then in state
 ** (S1+"remote"), where the exact state depends on any conflict
 ** resolution decisions (OMIT or REPLACE) made while applying "remote".
-** Rebasing a changeset is to update it to take those conflict 
+** Rebasing a changeset is to update it to take those conflict
 ** resolution decisions into account, so that the same conflicts
-** do not have to be resolved elsewhere in the network. 
+** do not have to be resolved elsewhere in the network.
 **
 ** For example, if both the local and remote changesets contain an
 ** INSERT of the same key on "CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, b)":
@@ -11723,7 +12361,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 **
 ** <dl>
 ** <dt>Local INSERT<dd>
-**   This may only conflict with a remote INSERT. If the conflict 
+**   This may only conflict with a remote INSERT. If the conflict
 **   resolution was OMIT, then add an UPDATE change to the rebased
 **   changeset. Or, if the conflict resolution was REPLACE, add
 **   nothing to the rebased changeset.
@@ -11747,12 +12385,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 **   the old.* values are rebased using the new.* values in the remote
 **   change. Or, if the resolution is REPLACE, then the change is copied
 **   into the rebased changeset with updates to columns also updated by
-**   the conflicting remote UPDATE removed. If this means no columns would 
+**   the conflicting remote UPDATE removed. If this means no columns would
 **   be updated, the change is omitted.
 ** </dl>
 **
-** A local change may be rebased against multiple remote changes 
-** simultaneously. If a single key is modified by multiple remote 
+** A local change may be rebased against multiple remote changes
+** simultaneously. If a single key is modified by multiple remote
 ** changesets, they are combined as follows before the local changeset
 ** is rebased:
 **
@@ -11765,10 +12403,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 **         of the OMIT resolutions.
 ** </ul>
 **
-** Note that conflict resolutions from multiple remote changesets are 
-** combined on a per-field basis, not per-row. This means that in the 
-** case of multiple remote UPDATE operations, some fields of a single 
-** local change may be rebased for REPLACE while others are rebased for 
+** Note that conflict resolutions from multiple remote changesets are
+** combined on a per-field basis, not per-row. This means that in the
+** case of multiple remote UPDATE operations, some fields of a single
+** local change may be rebased for REPLACE while others are rebased for
 ** OMIT.
 **
 ** In order to rebase a local changeset, the remote changeset must first
@@ -11776,7 +12414,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 ** the buffer of rebase information captured. Then:
 **
 ** <ol>
-**   <li> An sqlite3_rebaser object is created by calling 
+**   <li> An sqlite3_rebaser object is created by calling
 **        sqlite3rebaser_create().
 **   <li> The new object is configured with the rebase buffer obtained from
 **        sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() by calling sqlite3rebaser_configure().
@@ -11797,8 +12435,8 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_rebaser sqlite3_rebaser;
 **
 ** Allocate a new changeset rebaser object. If successful, set (*ppNew) to
 ** point to the new object and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, if an error
-** occurs, return an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) and set (*ppNew) 
-** to NULL. 
+** occurs, return an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) and set (*ppNew)
+** to NULL.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_create(sqlite3_rebaser **ppNew);
 
@@ -11812,9 +12450,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_create(sqlite3_rebaser **ppNew);
 ** sqlite3changeset_apply_v2().
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_configure(
-  sqlite3_rebaser*, 
+  sqlite3_rebaser*,
   int nRebase, const void *pRebase
-); 
+);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Rebase a changeset
@@ -11822,9 +12460,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_configure(
 **
 ** Argument pIn must point to a buffer containing a changeset nIn bytes
 ** in size. This function allocates and populates a buffer with a copy
-** of the changeset rebased rebased according to the configuration of the
+** of the changeset rebased according to the configuration of the
 ** rebaser object passed as the first argument. If successful, (*ppOut)
-** is set to point to the new buffer containing the rebased changset and 
+** is set to point to the new buffer containing the rebased changeset and
 ** (*pnOut) to its size in bytes and SQLITE_OK returned. It is the
 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the new buffer using
 ** sqlite3_free(). Otherwise, if an error occurs, (*ppOut) and (*pnOut)
@@ -11832,8 +12470,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_configure(
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase(
   sqlite3_rebaser*,
-  int nIn, const void *pIn, 
-  int *pnOut, void **ppOut 
+  int nIn, const void *pIn,
+  int *pnOut, void **ppOut
 );
 
 /*
@@ -11844,30 +12482,30 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase(
 ** should be one call to this function for each successful invocation
 ** of sqlite3rebaser_create().
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p); 
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Streaming Versions of API functions.
 **
-** The six streaming API xxx_strm() functions serve similar purposes to the 
+** The six streaming API xxx_strm() functions serve similar purposes to the
 ** corresponding non-streaming API functions:
 **
 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
 **   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm_v2<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply_v2] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_start] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_changeset] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_patchset] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply]
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm_v2<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply_v2]
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat]
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert]
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_start]
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_changeset]
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_patchset]
 ** </table>
 **
 ** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input
-** require that the entire changeset be stored in a single buffer in memory. 
-** Similarly, those that return a changeset or patchset do so by returning 
-** a pointer to a single large buffer allocated using sqlite3_malloc(). 
-** Normally this is convenient. However, if an application running in a 
+** require that the entire changeset be stored in a single buffer in memory.
+** Similarly, those that return a changeset or patchset do so by returning
+** a pointer to a single large buffer allocated using sqlite3_malloc().
+** Normally this is convenient. However, if an application running in a
 ** low-memory environment is required to handle very large changesets, the
 ** large contiguous memory allocations required can become onerous.
 **
@@ -11889,12 +12527,12 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p);
 **  </pre>
 **
 ** Each time the xInput callback is invoked by the sessions module, the first
-** argument passed is a copy of the supplied pIn context pointer. The second 
-** argument, pData, points to a buffer (*pnData) bytes in size. Assuming no 
-** error occurs the xInput method should copy up to (*pnData) bytes of data 
-** into the buffer and set (*pnData) to the actual number of bytes copied 
-** before returning SQLITE_OK. If the input is completely exhausted, (*pnData) 
-** should be set to zero to indicate this. Or, if an error occurs, an SQLite 
+** argument passed is a copy of the supplied pIn context pointer. The second
+** argument, pData, points to a buffer (*pnData) bytes in size. Assuming no
+** error occurs the xInput method should copy up to (*pnData) bytes of data
+** into the buffer and set (*pnData) to the actual number of bytes copied
+** before returning SQLITE_OK. If the input is completely exhausted, (*pnData)
+** should be set to zero to indicate this. Or, if an error occurs, an SQLite
 ** error code should be returned. In all cases, if an xInput callback returns
 ** an error, all processing is abandoned and the streaming API function
 ** returns a copy of the error code to the caller.
@@ -11902,7 +12540,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p);
 ** In the case of sqlite3changeset_start_strm(), the xInput callback may be
 ** invoked by the sessions module at any point during the lifetime of the
 ** iterator. If such an xInput callback returns an error, the iterator enters
-** an error state, whereby all subsequent calls to iterator functions 
+** an error state, whereby all subsequent calls to iterator functions
 ** immediately fail with the same error code as returned by xInput.
 **
 ** Similarly, streaming API functions that return changesets (or patchsets)
@@ -11932,7 +12570,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p);
 ** is immediately abandoned and the streaming API function returns a copy
 ** of the xOutput error code to the application.
 **
-** The sessions module never invokes an xOutput callback with the third 
+** The sessions module never invokes an xOutput callback with the third
 ** parameter set to a value less than or equal to zero. Other than this,
 ** no guarantees are made as to the size of the chunks of data returned.
 */
@@ -11987,6 +12625,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_strm(
   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
   void *pIn
 );
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_v2_strm(
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,
+  int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
+  void *pIn,
+  int flags
+);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset_strm(
   sqlite3_session *pSession,
   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
@@ -11997,12 +12641,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset_strm(
   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
   void *pOut
 );
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*, 
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
     void *pIn
 );
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
-    int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData), 
+    int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
     void *pOut
 );
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase_strm(
@@ -12013,6 +12657,45 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase_strm(
   void *pOut
 );
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Configure global parameters
+**
+** The sqlite3session_config() interface is used to make global configuration
+** changes to the sessions module in order to tune it to the specific needs
+** of the application.
+**
+** The sqlite3session_config() interface is not threadsafe. If it is invoked
+** while any other thread is inside any other sessions method then the
+** results are undefined. Furthermore, if it is invoked after any sessions
+** related objects have been created, the results are also undefined.
+**
+** The first argument to the sqlite3session_config() function must be one
+** of the SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_XXX constants defined below. The
+** interpretation of the (void*) value passed as the second parameter and
+** the effect of calling this function depends on the value of the first
+** parameter.
+**
+** <dl>
+** <dt>SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_STRMSIZE<dd>
+**    By default, the sessions module streaming interfaces attempt to input
+**    and output data in approximately 1 KiB chunks. This operand may be used
+**    to set and query the value of this configuration setting. The pointer
+**    passed as the second argument must point to a value of type (int).
+**    If this value is greater than 0, it is used as the new streaming data
+**    chunk size for both input and output. Before returning, the (int) value
+**    pointed to by pArg is set to the final value of the streaming interface
+**    chunk size.
+** </dl>
+**
+** This function returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code
+** otherwise.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_config(int op, void *pArg);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Values for sqlite3session_config().
+*/
+#define SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_STRMSIZE 1
 
 /*
 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
@@ -12037,7 +12720,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase_strm(
 **
 ******************************************************************************
 **
-** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file, 
+** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file,
 ** FTS5 may be extended with:
 **
 **     * custom tokenizers, and
@@ -12081,19 +12764,19 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 ** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
 **
 ** xUserData(pFts):
-**   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was 
+**   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was
 **   registered with.
 **
 ** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
 **   to the total number of tokens in the FTS5 table. Or, if iCol is
 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, return
-**   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in 
+**   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in
 **   the FTS5 table.
 **
 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
-**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is 
+**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
 **   returned.
 **
 ** xColumnCount(pFts):
@@ -12107,7 +12790,7 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
-**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is 
+**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
 **   returned.
 **
 **   This function may be quite inefficient if used with an FTS5 table
@@ -12134,8 +12817,8 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
 **
 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
-**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created 
-**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option 
+**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
+**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always returns 0.
 **
 ** xInst:
@@ -12146,15 +12829,11 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 **   Usually, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
 **   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
-**   first token of the phrase. The exception is if the table was created
-**   with the offsets=0 option specified. In this case *piOff is always
-**   set to -1.
-**
-**   Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) 
-**   if an error occurs.
+**   first token of the phrase. Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error
+**   code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
 **
 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
-**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. 
+**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
 **
 ** xRowid:
 **   Returns the rowid of the current row.
@@ -12170,11 +12849,11 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 **   with $p set to a phrase equivalent to the phrase iPhrase of the
 **   current query is executed. Any column filter that applies to
-**   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each 
-**   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument 
-**   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback 
+**   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each
+**   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument
+**   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback
 **   function may be used to access the properties of each matched row.
-**   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as 
+**   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as
 **   the third argument to pUserData.
 **
 **   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
@@ -12189,14 +12868,14 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 ** xSetAuxdata(pFts5, pAux, xDelete)
 **
-**   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension functions 
+**   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension function's
 **   "auxiliary data". The pointer may then be retrieved by the current or any
 **   future invocation of the same fts5 extension function made as part of
-**   of the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
+**   the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
 **
 **   Each extension function is allocated a single auxiliary data slot for
-**   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked 
-**   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a 
+**   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked
+**   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a
 **   single auxiliary data context.
 **
 **   If there is already an auxiliary data pointer when this function is
@@ -12207,7 +12886,7 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   The xDelete callback, if one is specified, is also invoked on the
 **   auxiliary data pointer after the FTS5 query has finished.
 **
-**   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function, an
+**   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function,
 **   the auxiliary data is set to NULL and an error code returned. If the
 **   xDelete parameter was not NULL, it is invoked on the auxiliary data
 **   pointer before returning.
@@ -12215,7 +12894,7 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 ** xGetAuxdata(pFts5, bClear)
 **
-**   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension 
+**   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension
 **   function. See the xSetAuxdata() method for details.
 **
 **   If the bClear argument is non-zero, then the auxiliary data is cleared
@@ -12235,7 +12914,7 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   method, to iterate through all instances of a single query phrase within
 **   the current row. This is the same information as is accessible via the
 **   xInstCount/xInst APIs. While the xInstCount/xInst APIs are more convenient
-**   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate 
+**   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate
 **   through instances of phrase iPhrase, use the following code:
 **
 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
@@ -12253,8 +12932,8 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() and xPhraseNextColumn() as illustrated below).
 **
 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
-**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created 
-**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option 
+**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
+**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always iterates
 **   through an empty set (all calls to xPhraseFirst() set iCol to -1).
 **
@@ -12278,16 +12957,16 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **       }
 **
 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
-**   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either 
-**   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table), 
-**   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to 
+**   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either
+**   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table),
+**   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to
 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() set iCol to -1).
 **
 **   The information accessed using this API and its companion
 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() may also be obtained using xPhraseFirst/xPhraseNext
 **   (or xInst/xInstCount). The chief advantage of this API is that it is
 **   significantly more efficient than those alternatives when used with
-**   "detail=column" tables.  
+**   "detail=column" tables.
 **
 ** xPhraseNextColumn()
 **   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
@@ -12301,7 +12980,7 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
   int (*xRowCount)(Fts5Context*, sqlite3_int64 *pnRow);
   int (*xColumnTotalSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, sqlite3_int64 *pnToken);
 
-  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*, 
+  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*,
     const char *pText, int nText, /* Text to tokenize */
     void *pCtx,                   /* Context passed to xToken() */
     int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
@@ -12330,15 +13009,15 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
   void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
 };
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
 *************************************************************************/
 
 /*************************************************************************
 ** CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
 **
-** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer 
-** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the 
+** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer
+** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the
 ** following structure. All structure methods must be defined, setting
 ** any member of the fts5_tokenizer struct to NULL leads to undefined
 ** behaviour. The structure methods are expected to function as follows:
@@ -12349,16 +13028,16 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **
 **   The first argument passed to this function is a copy of the (void*)
 **   pointer provided by the application when the fts5_tokenizer object
-**   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()). 
+**   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()).
 **   The second and third arguments are an array of nul-terminated strings
 **   containing the tokenizer arguments, if any, specified following the
 **   tokenizer name as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement used
 **   to create the FTS5 table.
 **
-**   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut) 
+**   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut)
 **   should be set to point to the new tokenizer handle and SQLITE_OK
 **   returned. If an error occurs, some value other than SQLITE_OK should
-**   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut 
+**   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut
 **   is undefined.
 **
 ** xDelete:
@@ -12367,7 +13046,7 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **   be invoked exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().
 **
 ** xTokenize:
-**   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated 
+**   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated
 **   by argument pText. pText may or may not be nul-terminated. The first
 **   argument passed to this function is a pointer to an Fts5Tokenizer object
 **   returned by an earlier call to xCreate().
@@ -12381,8 +13060,8 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **            determine the set of tokens to add to (or delete from) the
 **            FTS index.
 **
-**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed 
-**            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize 
+**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed
+**            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize
 **            a bareword or quoted string specified as part of the query.
 **
 **       <li> <b>(FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY | FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX)</b> - Same as
@@ -12390,10 +13069,10 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **            followed by a "*" character, indicating that the last token
 **            returned by the tokenizer will be treated as a token prefix.
 **
-**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to 
+**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to
 **            satisfy an fts5_api.xTokenize() request made by an auxiliary
 **            function. Or an fts5_api.xColumnSize() request made by the same
-**            on a columnsize=0 database.  
+**            on a columnsize=0 database.
 **   </ul>
 **
 **   For each token in the input string, the supplied callback xToken() must
@@ -12405,10 +13084,10 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **   which the token is derived within the input.
 **
 **   The second argument passed to the xToken() callback ("tflags") should
-**   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports 
+**   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports
 **   synonyms. In this case see the discussion below for details.
 **
-**   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the 
+**   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the
 **   order that they occur within the input text.
 **
 **   If an xToken() callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, then
@@ -12422,7 +13101,7 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 ** SYNONYM SUPPORT
 **
 **   Custom tokenizers may also support synonyms. Consider a case in which a
-**   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the 
+**   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the
 **   built-in tokenizers, the FTS5 query 'first + place' will match instances
 **   of "first place" within the document set, but not alternative forms
 **   such as "1st place". In some applications, it would be better to match
@@ -12431,8 +13110,8 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **
 **   There are several ways to approach this in FTS5:
 **
-**   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, the 
-**            In the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
+**   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, using
+**            the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
 **            same token for inputs "first" and "1st". Say that token is in
 **            fact "first", so that when the user inserts the document "I won
 **            1st place" entries are added to the index for tokens "i", "won",
@@ -12440,36 +13119,36 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **            the tokenizer substitutes "first" for "1st" and the query works
 **            as expected.
 **
-**       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
-**            In this case, when tokenizing query text, the tokenizer may 
-**            provide multiple synonyms for a single term within the document.
-**            FTS5 then queries the index for each synonym individually. For
-**            example, faced with the query:
+**       <li> By querying the index for all synonyms of each query term
+**            separately. In this case, when tokenizing query text, the
+**            tokenizer may provide multiple synonyms for a single term
+**            within the document. FTS5 then queries the index for each
+**            synonym individually. For example, faced with the query:
 **
 **   <codeblock>
 **     ... MATCH 'first place'</codeblock>
 **
 **            the tokenizer offers both "1st" and "first" as synonyms for the
-**            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query 
+**            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query
 **            similar to:
 **
 **   <codeblock>
 **     ... MATCH '(first OR 1st) place'</codeblock>
 **
 **            except that, for the purposes of auxiliary functions, the query
-**            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)" 
+**            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)"
 **            being treated as a single phrase.
 **
 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
 **            Using this method, when tokenizing document text, the tokenizer
-**            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a 
+**            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a
 **            document such as "I won first place" is tokenized, entries are
 **            added to the FTS index for "i", "won", "first", "1st" and
 **            "place".
 **
 **            This way, even if the tokenizer does not provide synonyms
-**            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do would be
-**            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for 
+**            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do so would be
+**            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for
 **            'first + place' or '1st + place', as there are entries in the
 **            FTS index corresponding to both forms of the first token.
 **   </ol>
@@ -12490,11 +13169,11 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **
 **   It is an error to specify the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED flag the first time
 **   xToken() is called. Multiple synonyms may be specified for a single token
-**   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence. 
+**   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence.
 **   There is no limit to the number of synonyms that may be provided for a
 **   single token.
 **
-**   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add 
+**   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add
 **   extra data to the FTS index or require FTS5 to query for multiple terms,
 **   so it is efficient in terms of disk space and query speed. However, it
 **   does not support prefix queries very well. If, as suggested above, the
@@ -12506,18 +13185,18 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **   will not match documents that contain the token "1st" (as the tokenizer
 **   will probably not map "1s" to any prefix of "first").
 **
-**   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case, 
+**   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case,
 **   because the index contains entries for both "first" and "1st", prefix
 **   queries such as 'fi*' or '1s*' will match correctly. However, because
 **   extra entries are added to the FTS index, this method uses more space
 **   within the database.
 **
 **   Method (2) offers a midpoint between (1) and (3). Using this method,
-**   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal 
+**   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal
 **   token "1st", but not "first" (assuming the tokenizer is not able to
 **   provide synonyms for prefixes). However, a non-prefix query like '1st'
 **   will match against "1st" and "first". This method does not require
-**   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index. 
+**   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index.
 **   On the other hand, it may require more CPU cycles to run MATCH queries,
 **   as separate queries of the FTS index are required for each synonym.
 **
@@ -12531,10 +13210,10 @@ typedef struct fts5_tokenizer fts5_tokenizer;
 struct fts5_tokenizer {
   int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
   void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
-  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*, 
+  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*,
       void *pCtx,
       int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
-      const char *pText, int nText, 
+      const char *pText, int nText,
       int (*xToken)(
         void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
         int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
@@ -12631,7 +13310,7 @@ struct fts5_api {
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
-** 
+**
 ** This file defines various limits of what SQLite can process.
 */
 
@@ -12679,14 +13358,10 @@ struct fts5_api {
 #endif
 
 /*
-** The maximum depth of an expression tree. This is limited to 
-** some extent by SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH. But sometime you might 
-** want to place more severe limits on the complexity of an 
-** expression.
-**
-** A value of 0 used to mean that the limit was not enforced.
-** But that is no longer true.  The limit is now strictly enforced
-** at all times.
+** The maximum depth of an expression tree. This is limited to
+** some extent by SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH. But sometime you might
+** want to place more severe limits on the complexity of an
+** expression. A value of 0 means that there is no limit.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH
 # define SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH 1000
@@ -12753,9 +13428,12 @@ struct fts5_api {
 
 /*
 ** The maximum value of a ?nnn wildcard that the parser will accept.
+** If the value exceeds 32767 then extra space is required for the Expr
+** structure.  But otherwise, we believe that the number can be as large
+** as a signed 32-bit integer can hold.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER
-# define SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER 999
+# define SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER 32766
 #endif
 
 /* Maximum page size.  The upper bound on this value is 65536.  This a limit
@@ -12763,10 +13441,10 @@ struct fts5_api {
 **
 ** Earlier versions of SQLite allowed the user to change this value at
 ** compile time. This is no longer permitted, on the grounds that it creates
-** a library that is technically incompatible with an SQLite library 
-** compiled with a different limit. If a process operating on a database 
-** with a page-size of 65536 bytes crashes, then an instance of SQLite 
-** compiled with the default page-size limit will not be able to rollback 
+** a library that is technically incompatible with an SQLite library
+** compiled with a different limit. If a process operating on a database
+** with a page-size of 65536 bytes crashes, then an instance of SQLite
+** compiled with the default page-size limit will not be able to rollback
 ** the aborted transaction. This could lead to database corruption.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
@@ -12825,7 +13503,7 @@ struct fts5_api {
 ** Maximum depth of recursion for triggers.
 **
 ** A value of 1 means that a trigger program will not be able to itself
-** fire any triggers. A value of 0 means that no trigger programs at all 
+** fire any triggers. A value of 0 means that no trigger programs at all
 ** may be executed.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH
@@ -12844,6 +13522,21 @@ struct fts5_api {
 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
 #endif
 
+/*
+** WAL mode depends on atomic aligned 32-bit loads and stores in a few
+** places.  The following macros try to make this explicit.
+*/
+#ifndef __has_extension
+# define __has_extension(x) 0     /* compatibility with non-clang compilers */
+#endif
+#if GCC_VERSION>=4007000 || __has_extension(c_atomic)
+# define AtomicLoad(PTR)       __atomic_load_n((PTR),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
+# define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  __atomic_store_n((PTR),(VAL),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
+#else
+# define AtomicLoad(PTR)       (*(PTR))
+# define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  (*(PTR) = (VAL))
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Include standard header files as necessary
 */
@@ -12870,15 +13563,15 @@ struct fts5_api {
 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
 ** compiler.
 */
-#if defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
+#if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
+# define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
+# define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
+#elif defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
-#elif defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
-# define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
-# define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
@@ -13104,6 +13797,26 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
 #endif
 
+/*
+** The harmless(X) macro indicates that expression X is usually false
+** but can be true without causing any problems, but we don't know of
+** any way to cause X to be true.
+**
+** In debugging and testing builds, this macro will abort if X is ever
+** true.  In this way, developers are alerted to a possible test case
+** that causes X to be true.  If a harmless macro ever fails, that is
+** an opportunity to change the macro into a testcase() and add a new
+** test case to the test suite.
+**
+** For normal production builds, harmless(X) is a no-op, since it does
+** not matter whether expression X is true or false.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+# define harmless(X)  assert(!(X));
+#else
+# define harmless(X)
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
 ** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
@@ -13223,7 +13936,7 @@ typedef struct HashElem HashElem;
 ** element pointed to plus the next _ht.count-1 elements in the list.
 **
 ** Hash.htsize and Hash.ht may be zero.  In that case lookup is done
-** by a linear search of the global list.  For small tables, the 
+** by a linear search of the global list.  For small tables, the
 ** Hash.ht table is never allocated because if there are few elements
 ** in the table, it is faster to do a linear search than to manage
 ** the hash table.
@@ -13233,12 +13946,12 @@ struct Hash {
   unsigned int count;       /* Number of entries in this table */
   HashElem *first;          /* The first element of the array */
   struct _ht {              /* the hash table */
-    int count;                 /* Number of entries with this hash */
+    unsigned int count;        /* Number of entries with this hash */
     HashElem *chain;           /* Pointer to first entry with this hash */
   } *ht;
 };
 
-/* Each element in the hash table is an instance of the following 
+/* Each element in the hash table is an instance of the following
 ** structure.  All elements are stored on a single doubly-linked list.
 **
 ** Again, this structure is intended to be opaque, but it can't really
@@ -13368,105 +14081,105 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3HashClear(Hash*);
 #define TK_VIEW                            79
 #define TK_VIRTUAL                         80
 #define TK_WITH                            81
-#define TK_CURRENT                         82
-#define TK_FOLLOWING                       83
-#define TK_PARTITION                       84
-#define TK_PRECEDING                       85
-#define TK_RANGE                           86
-#define TK_UNBOUNDED                       87
-#define TK_REINDEX                         88
-#define TK_RENAME                          89
-#define TK_CTIME_KW                        90
-#define TK_ANY                             91
-#define TK_BITAND                          92
-#define TK_BITOR                           93
-#define TK_LSHIFT                          94
-#define TK_RSHIFT                          95
-#define TK_PLUS                            96
-#define TK_MINUS                           97
-#define TK_STAR                            98
-#define TK_SLASH                           99
-#define TK_REM                            100
-#define TK_CONCAT                         101
-#define TK_COLLATE                        102
-#define TK_BITNOT                         103
-#define TK_ON                             104
-#define TK_INDEXED                        105
-#define TK_STRING                         106
-#define TK_JOIN_KW                        107
-#define TK_CONSTRAINT                     108
-#define TK_DEFAULT                        109
-#define TK_NULL                           110
-#define TK_PRIMARY                        111
-#define TK_UNIQUE                         112
-#define TK_CHECK                          113
-#define TK_REFERENCES                     114
-#define TK_AUTOINCR                       115
-#define TK_INSERT                         116
-#define TK_DELETE                         117
-#define TK_UPDATE                         118
-#define TK_SET                            119
-#define TK_DEFERRABLE                     120
-#define TK_FOREIGN                        121
-#define TK_DROP                           122
-#define TK_UNION                          123
-#define TK_ALL                            124
-#define TK_EXCEPT                         125
-#define TK_INTERSECT                      126
-#define TK_SELECT                         127
-#define TK_VALUES                         128
-#define TK_DISTINCT                       129
-#define TK_DOT                            130
-#define TK_FROM                           131
-#define TK_JOIN                           132
-#define TK_USING                          133
-#define TK_ORDER                          134
-#define TK_GROUP                          135
-#define TK_HAVING                         136
-#define TK_LIMIT                          137
-#define TK_WHERE                          138
-#define TK_INTO                           139
-#define TK_NOTHING                        140
-#define TK_FLOAT                          141
-#define TK_BLOB                           142
-#define TK_INTEGER                        143
-#define TK_VARIABLE                       144
-#define TK_CASE                           145
-#define TK_WHEN                           146
-#define TK_THEN                           147
-#define TK_ELSE                           148
-#define TK_INDEX                          149
-#define TK_ALTER                          150
-#define TK_ADD                            151
-#define TK_WINDOW                         152
-#define TK_OVER                           153
-#define TK_FILTER                         154
-#define TK_TRUEFALSE                      155
-#define TK_ISNOT                          156
-#define TK_FUNCTION                       157
-#define TK_COLUMN                         158
-#define TK_AGG_FUNCTION                   159
-#define TK_AGG_COLUMN                     160
-#define TK_UMINUS                         161
-#define TK_UPLUS                          162
-#define TK_TRUTH                          163
-#define TK_REGISTER                       164
-#define TK_VECTOR                         165
-#define TK_SELECT_COLUMN                  166
-#define TK_IF_NULL_ROW                    167
-#define TK_ASTERISK                       168
-#define TK_SPAN                           169
-#define TK_END_OF_FILE                    170
-#define TK_UNCLOSED_STRING                171
-#define TK_SPACE                          172
-#define TK_ILLEGAL                        173
-
-/* The token codes above must all fit in 8 bits */
-#define TKFLG_MASK           0xff  
-
-/* Flags that can be added to a token code when it is not
-** being stored in a u8: */
-#define TKFLG_DONTFOLD       0x100  /* Omit constant folding optimizations */
+#define TK_NULLS                           82
+#define TK_FIRST                           83
+#define TK_LAST                            84
+#define TK_CURRENT                         85
+#define TK_FOLLOWING                       86
+#define TK_PARTITION                       87
+#define TK_PRECEDING                       88
+#define TK_RANGE                           89
+#define TK_UNBOUNDED                       90
+#define TK_EXCLUDE                         91
+#define TK_GROUPS                          92
+#define TK_OTHERS                          93
+#define TK_TIES                            94
+#define TK_GENERATED                       95
+#define TK_ALWAYS                          96
+#define TK_REINDEX                         97
+#define TK_RENAME                          98
+#define TK_CTIME_KW                        99
+#define TK_ANY                            100
+#define TK_BITAND                         101
+#define TK_BITOR                          102
+#define TK_LSHIFT                         103
+#define TK_RSHIFT                         104
+#define TK_PLUS                           105
+#define TK_MINUS                          106
+#define TK_STAR                           107
+#define TK_SLASH                          108
+#define TK_REM                            109
+#define TK_CONCAT                         110
+#define TK_COLLATE                        111
+#define TK_BITNOT                         112
+#define TK_ON                             113
+#define TK_INDEXED                        114
+#define TK_STRING                         115
+#define TK_JOIN_KW                        116
+#define TK_CONSTRAINT                     117
+#define TK_DEFAULT                        118
+#define TK_NULL                           119
+#define TK_PRIMARY                        120
+#define TK_UNIQUE                         121
+#define TK_CHECK                          122
+#define TK_REFERENCES                     123
+#define TK_AUTOINCR                       124
+#define TK_INSERT                         125
+#define TK_DELETE                         126
+#define TK_UPDATE                         127
+#define TK_SET                            128
+#define TK_DEFERRABLE                     129
+#define TK_FOREIGN                        130
+#define TK_DROP                           131
+#define TK_UNION                          132
+#define TK_ALL                            133
+#define TK_EXCEPT                         134
+#define TK_INTERSECT                      135
+#define TK_SELECT                         136
+#define TK_VALUES                         137
+#define TK_DISTINCT                       138
+#define TK_DOT                            139
+#define TK_FROM                           140
+#define TK_JOIN                           141
+#define TK_USING                          142
+#define TK_ORDER                          143
+#define TK_GROUP                          144
+#define TK_HAVING                         145
+#define TK_LIMIT                          146
+#define TK_WHERE                          147
+#define TK_INTO                           148
+#define TK_NOTHING                        149
+#define TK_FLOAT                          150
+#define TK_BLOB                           151
+#define TK_INTEGER                        152
+#define TK_VARIABLE                       153
+#define TK_CASE                           154
+#define TK_WHEN                           155
+#define TK_THEN                           156
+#define TK_ELSE                           157
+#define TK_INDEX                          158
+#define TK_ALTER                          159
+#define TK_ADD                            160
+#define TK_WINDOW                         161
+#define TK_OVER                           162
+#define TK_FILTER                         163
+#define TK_COLUMN                         164
+#define TK_AGG_FUNCTION                   165
+#define TK_AGG_COLUMN                     166
+#define TK_TRUEFALSE                      167
+#define TK_ISNOT                          168
+#define TK_FUNCTION                       169
+#define TK_UMINUS                         170
+#define TK_UPLUS                          171
+#define TK_TRUTH                          172
+#define TK_REGISTER                       173
+#define TK_VECTOR                         174
+#define TK_SELECT_COLUMN                  175
+#define TK_IF_NULL_ROW                    176
+#define TK_ASTERISK                       177
+#define TK_SPAN                           178
+#define TK_SPACE                          179
+#define TK_ILLEGAL                        180
 
 /************** End of parse.h ***********************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
@@ -13587,7 +14300,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3HashClear(Hash*);
 #endif
 
 /*
-** The compile-time options SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and 
+** The compile-time options SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and
 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE are not compatible with one another.
 ** You must choose one or the other (or neither) but not both.
 */
@@ -13772,12 +14485,13 @@ typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
 ** at run-time.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
-# if defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
-     defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
-     defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM)     || defined(__x86)   ||    \
-     defined(__arm__)  || defined(_M_ARM64)
+# if defined(i386)      || defined(__i386__)      || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
+     defined(__x86_64)  || defined(__x86_64__)    || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
+     defined(_M_AMD64)  || defined(_M_ARM)        || defined(__x86)   ||    \
+     defined(__ARMEL__) || defined(__AARCH64EL__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
-# elif defined(sparc)    || defined(__ppc__)
+# elif defined(sparc)     || defined(__ppc__) || \
+       defined(__ARMEB__) || defined(__AARCH64EB__)
 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
 # else
 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
@@ -13808,6 +14522,7 @@ typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
 ** compilers.
 */
 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
+#define LARGEST_UINT64 (0xffffffff|(((u64)0xffffffff)<<32))
 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
 
 /*
@@ -13876,20 +14591,6 @@ typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
 #endif
 
-/*
-** Only one of SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3 or SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 can be defined.
-** Priority is given to SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4.  If either are defined, also
-** define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
-# undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
-# define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
-#elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
-# define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
-#elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-# undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-#endif
-
 /*
 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
@@ -13899,6 +14600,16 @@ typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
 #else
 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
 #endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
+# define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
+# define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)  \
+  if(sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace&(K))   \
+    sqlite3DebugPrintf("%u/%d/%p: ",(S)->selId,(P)->addrExplain,(S)),\
+    sqlite3DebugPrintf X
+#else
+# define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)
+# define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
+#endif
 
 /*
 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
@@ -13914,26 +14625,27 @@ struct BusyHandler {
   int (*xBusyHandler)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
   void *pBusyArg;                   /* First arg to busy callback */
   int nBusy;                        /* Incremented with each busy call */
-  u8 bExtraFileArg;                 /* Include sqlite3_file as callback arg */
 };
 
 /*
-** Name of the master database table.  The master database table
-** is a special table that holds the names and attributes of all
-** user tables and indices.
+** Name of table that holds the database schema.
 */
-#define MASTER_NAME       "sqlite_master"
-#define TEMP_MASTER_NAME  "sqlite_temp_master"
+#define DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE          "sqlite_master"
+#define DFLT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE     "sqlite_temp_master"
+#define ALT_SCHEMA_TABLE           "sqlite_schema"
+#define ALT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE      "sqlite_temp_schema"
+
 
 /*
-** The root-page of the master database table.
+** The root-page of the schema table.
 */
-#define MASTER_ROOT       1
+#define SCHEMA_ROOT    1
 
 /*
-** The name of the schema table.
+** The name of the schema table.  The name is different for TEMP.
 */
-#define SCHEMA_TABLE(x)  ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?TEMP_MASTER_NAME:MASTER_NAME)
+#define SCHEMA_TABLE(x) \
+    ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?DFLT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE:DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE)
 
 /*
 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
@@ -13954,7 +14666,7 @@ struct BusyHandler {
 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
 */
-#define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3MallocSize)
+#define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3OomFault)
 
 /*
 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
@@ -14077,6 +14789,7 @@ typedef struct With With;
 ** A bit in a Bitmask
 */
 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
+#define MASKBIT64(n) (((u64)1)<<(n))
 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
 #define ALLBITS      ((Bitmask)-1)
 
@@ -14093,6 +14806,253 @@ typedef int VList;
 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
 */
+/************** Include pager.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h *****************/
+/************** Begin file pager.h *******************************************/
+/*
+** 2001 September 15
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+** This header file defines the interface that the sqlite page cache
+** subsystem.  The page cache subsystem reads and writes a file a page
+** at a time and provides a journal for rollback.
+*/
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_PAGER_H
+#define SQLITE_PAGER_H
+
+/*
+** Default maximum size for persistent journal files. A negative
+** value means no limit. This value may be overridden using the
+** sqlite3PagerJournalSizeLimit() API. See also "PRAGMA journal_size_limit".
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT
+  #define SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT -1
+#endif
+
+/*
+** The type used to represent a page number.  The first page in a file
+** is called page 1.  0 is used to represent "not a page".
+*/
+typedef u32 Pgno;
+
+/*
+** Each open file is managed by a separate instance of the "Pager" structure.
+*/
+typedef struct Pager Pager;
+
+/*
+** Handle type for pages.
+*/
+typedef struct PgHdr DbPage;
+
+/*
+** Page number PAGER_MJ_PGNO is never used in an SQLite database (it is
+** reserved for working around a windows/posix incompatibility). It is
+** used in the journal to signify that the remainder of the journal file
+** is devoted to storing a super-journal name - there are no more pages to
+** roll back. See comments for function writeSuperJournal() in pager.c
+** for details.
+*/
+#define PAGER_MJ_PGNO(x) ((Pgno)((PENDING_BYTE/((x)->pageSize))+1))
+
+/*
+** Allowed values for the flags parameter to sqlite3PagerOpen().
+**
+** NOTE: These values must match the corresponding BTREE_ values in btree.h.
+*/
+#define PAGER_OMIT_JOURNAL  0x0001    /* Do not use a rollback journal */
+#define PAGER_MEMORY        0x0002    /* In-memory database */
+
+/*
+** Valid values for the second argument to sqlite3PagerLockingMode().
+*/
+#define PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_QUERY      -1
+#define PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_NORMAL      0
+#define PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE   1
+
+/*
+** Numeric constants that encode the journalmode.
+**
+** The numeric values encoded here (other than PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY)
+** are exposed in the API via the "PRAGMA journal_mode" command and
+** therefore cannot be changed without a compatibility break.
+*/
+#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY     (-1)  /* Query the value of journalmode */
+#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE      0   /* Commit by deleting journal file */
+#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST     1   /* Commit by zeroing journal header */
+#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF         2   /* Journal omitted.  */
+#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE    3   /* Commit by truncating journal */
+#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY      4   /* In-memory journal file */
+#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL         5   /* Use write-ahead logging */
+
+/*
+** Flags that make up the mask passed to sqlite3PagerGet().
+*/
+#define PAGER_GET_NOCONTENT     0x01  /* Do not load data from disk */
+#define PAGER_GET_READONLY      0x02  /* Read-only page is acceptable */
+
+/*
+** Flags for sqlite3PagerSetFlags()
+**
+** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
+**    PAGER_FULLFSYNC      == SQLITE_FullFSync
+**    PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC == SQLITE_CkptFullFSync
+**    PAGER_CACHE_SPILL    == SQLITE_CacheSpill
+*/
+#define PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_OFF       0x01  /* PRAGMA synchronous=OFF */
+#define PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_NORMAL    0x02  /* PRAGMA synchronous=NORMAL */
+#define PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_FULL      0x03  /* PRAGMA synchronous=FULL */
+#define PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_EXTRA     0x04  /* PRAGMA synchronous=EXTRA */
+#define PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_MASK      0x07  /* Mask for four values above */
+#define PAGER_FULLFSYNC             0x08  /* PRAGMA fullfsync=ON */
+#define PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC        0x10  /* PRAGMA checkpoint_fullfsync=ON */
+#define PAGER_CACHESPILL            0x20  /* PRAGMA cache_spill=ON */
+#define PAGER_FLAGS_MASK            0x38  /* All above except SYNCHRONOUS */
+
+/*
+** The remainder of this file contains the declarations of the functions
+** that make up the Pager sub-system API. See source code comments for
+** a detailed description of each routine.
+*/
+
+/* Open and close a Pager connection. */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
+  sqlite3_vfs*,
+  Pager **ppPager,
+  const char*,
+  int,
+  int,
+  int,
+  void(*)(DbPage*)
+);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerClose(Pager *pPager, sqlite3*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerReadFileheader(Pager*, int, unsigned char*);
+
+/* Functions used to configure a Pager object. */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetBusyHandler(Pager*, int(*)(void *), void *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(Pager*, u32*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Pgno sqlite3PagerMaxPageCount(Pager*, Pgno);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetCachesize(Pager*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetSpillsize(Pager*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetMmapLimit(Pager *, sqlite3_int64);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerShrink(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetFlags(Pager*,unsigned);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerLockingMode(Pager *, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetJournalMode(Pager *, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerGetJournalMode(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOkToChangeJournalMode(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3PagerJournalSizeLimit(Pager *, i64);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_backup **sqlite3PagerBackupPtr(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerFlush(Pager*);
+
+/* Functions used to obtain and release page references. */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerGet(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno, DbPage **ppPage, int clrFlag);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE DbPage *sqlite3PagerLookup(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerRef(DbPage*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnref(DbPage*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnrefNotNull(DbPage*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnrefPageOne(DbPage*);
+
+/* Operations on page references. */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWrite(DbPage*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerDontWrite(DbPage*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager*,DbPage*,Pgno,int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerPageRefcount(DbPage*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetData(DbPage *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetExtra(DbPage *);
+
+/* Functions used to manage pager transactions and savepoints. */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerPagecount(Pager*, int*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerBegin(Pager*, int exFlag, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(Pager*,const char *zSuper, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerExclusiveLock(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSync(Pager *pPager, const char *zSuper);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRollback(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpenSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int n);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int op, int iSavepoint);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager);
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerCheckpoint(Pager *pPager, sqlite3*, int, int*, int*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerWalSupported(Pager *pPager);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerWalCallback(Pager *pPager);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerOpenWal(Pager *pPager, int *pisOpen);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerCloseWal(Pager *pPager, sqlite3*);
+# ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerSnapshotGet(Pager*, sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerSnapshotOpen(Pager*, sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerSnapshotRecover(Pager *pPager);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerSnapshotCheck(Pager *pPager, sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3PagerSnapshotUnlock(Pager *pPager);
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerWalWriteLock(Pager*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3PagerWalDb(Pager*, sqlite3*);
+#else
+# define sqlite3PagerWalWriteLock(y,z) SQLITE_OK
+# define sqlite3PagerWalDb(x,y)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerDirectReadOk(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ZIPVFS
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerWalFramesize(Pager *pPager);
+#endif
+
+/* Functions used to query pager state and configuration. */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3PagerIsreadonly(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3PagerDataVersion(Pager*);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerRefcount(Pager*);
+#endif
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMemUsed(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerFilename(const Pager*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3PagerVfs(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3PagerFile(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3PagerJrnlFile(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerJournalname(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerTempSpace(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerIsMemdb(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerCacheStat(Pager *, int, int, int *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerClearCache(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SectorSize(sqlite3_file *);
+
+/* Functions used to truncate the database file. */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(Pager*,Pgno);
+
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerRekey(DbPage*, Pgno, u16);
+
+/* Functions to support testing and debugging. */
+#if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   Pgno sqlite3PagerPagenumber(DbPage*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerIswriteable(DbPage*);
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int *sqlite3PagerStats(Pager*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3PagerRefdump(Pager*);
+  void disable_simulated_io_errors(void);
+  void enable_simulated_io_errors(void);
+#else
+# define disable_simulated_io_errors()
+# define enable_simulated_io_errors()
+#endif
+
+#endif /* SQLITE_PAGER_H */
+
+/************** End of pager.h ***********************************************/
+/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
 /************** Include btree.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h *****************/
 /************** Begin file btree.h *******************************************/
 /*
@@ -14168,30 +15128,38 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3BtreeSetMmapLimit(Btree*,sqlite3_int64);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetPagerFlags(Btree*,unsigned);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(Btree *p, int nPagesize, int nReserve, int eFix);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeMaxPageCount(Btree*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3BtreeLastPage(Btree*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Pgno sqlite3BtreeMaxPageCount(Btree*,Pgno);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Pgno sqlite3BtreeLastPage(Btree*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(Btree*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetOptimalReserve(Btree*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetRequestedReserve(Btree*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetReserveNoMutex(Btree *p);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetAutoVacuum(Btree *, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetAutoVacuum(Btree *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(Btree*,int,int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(Btree*, const char *zMaster);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(Btree*, const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo(Btree*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommit(Btree*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeRollback(Btree*,int,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeBeginStmt(Btree*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(Btree*, int*, int flags);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(Btree*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(Btree*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(Btree*, Pgno*, int flags);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeTxnState(Btree*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsInBackup(Btree*);
+
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3BtreeSchema(Btree *, int, void(*)(void *));
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSchemaLocked(Btree *pBtree);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLockTable(Btree *pBtree, int iTab, u8 isWriteLock);
 #endif
+
+/* Savepoints are named, nestable SQL transactions mostly implemented */
+/* in vdbe.c and pager.c See https://sqlite.org/lang_savepoint.html */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSavepoint(Btree *, int, int);
 
+/* "Checkpoint" only refers to WAL. See https://sqlite.org/wal.html#ckpt */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3BtreeCheckpoint(Btree*, int, int *, int *);
+#endif
+
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3BtreeGetFilename(Btree *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3BtreeGetJournalname(Btree *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCopyFile(Btree *, Btree *);
@@ -14223,7 +15191,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNewDb(Btree *p);
 
 /*
 ** The second parameter to sqlite3BtreeGetMeta or sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta
-** should be one of the following values. The integer values are assigned 
+** should be one of the following values. The integer values are assigned
 ** to constants so that the offset of the corresponding field in an
 ** SQLite database header may be found using the following formula:
 **
@@ -14294,7 +15262,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNewDb(Btree *p);
 #define BTREE_BULKLOAD 0x00000001  /* Used to full index in sorted order */
 #define BTREE_SEEK_EQ  0x00000002  /* EQ seeks only - no range seeks */
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Flags passed as the third argument to sqlite3BtreeCursor().
 **
 ** For read-only cursors the wrFlag argument is always zero. For read-write
@@ -14322,7 +15290,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNewDb(Btree *p);
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursor(
   Btree*,                              /* BTree containing table to open */
-  int iTable,                          /* Index of root page */
+  Pgno iTable,                         /* Index of root page */
   int wrFlag,                          /* 1 for writing.  0 for read-only */
   struct KeyInfo*,                     /* First argument to compare function */
   BtCursor *pCursor                    /* Space to write cursor structure */
@@ -14362,7 +15330,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDelete(BtCursor*, u8 flags);
 ** The nMem field might be zero, indicating that no decomposition is available.
 **
 ** Table btrees (used for rowid tables) contain an integer rowid used as
-** the key and passed in the nKey field.  The pKey field is zero.  
+** the key and passed in the nKey field.  The pKey field is zero.
 ** pData,nData hold the content of the new entry.  nZero extra zero bytes
 ** are appended to the end of the content when constructing the entry.
 ** The aMem,nMem fields are uninitialized for table btrees.
@@ -14381,7 +15349,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDelete(BtCursor*, u8 flags);
 **
 ** This object is used to pass information into sqlite3BtreeInsert().  The
 ** same information used to be passed as five separate parameters.  But placing
-** the information into this object helps to keep the interface more 
+** the information into this object helps to keep the interface more
 ** organized and understandable, and it also helps the resulting code to
 ** run a little faster by using fewer registers for parameter passing.
 */
@@ -14398,22 +15366,22 @@ struct BtreePayload {
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(BtCursor*, const BtreePayload *pPayload,
                        int flags, int seekResult);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeFirst(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeSkipNext(BtCursor*);
-#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLast(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNext(BtCursor*, int flags);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeEof(BtCursor*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePrevious(BtCursor*, int flags);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeIntegerKey(BtCursor*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCursorPin(BtCursor*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCursorUnpin(BtCursor*);
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
 SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeOffset(BtCursor*);
 #endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePayload(BtCursor*, u32 offset, u32 amt, void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const void *sqlite3BtreePayloadFetch(BtCursor*, u32 *pAmt);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3BtreePayloadSize(BtCursor*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_int64 sqlite3BtreeMaxRecordSize(BtCursor*);
 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(Btree*, int *aRoot, int nRoot, int, int*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(sqlite3*,Btree*,Pgno*aRoot,int nRoot,int,int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE struct Pager *sqlite3BtreePager(Btree*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeRowCountEst(BtCursor*);
 
@@ -14428,14 +15396,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorHasHint(BtCursor*, unsigned int mask);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsReadonly(Btree *pBt);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3HeaderSizeBtree(void);
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3BtreeSeekCount(Btree*);
+#else
+# define sqlite3BtreeSeekCount(X) 0
+#endif
+
 #ifndef NDEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(BtCursor*);
 #endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValidNN(BtCursor*);
 
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCount(BtCursor *, i64 *);
-#endif
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCount(sqlite3*, BtCursor*, i64*);
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorInfo(BtCursor*, int*, int);
@@ -14458,7 +15430,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3BtreeSharable(Btree*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3BtreeEnterCursor(BtCursor*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3BtreeConnectionCount(Btree*);
 #else
-# define sqlite3BtreeEnter(X) 
+# define sqlite3BtreeEnter(X)
 # define sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(X)
 # define sqlite3BtreeSharable(X) 0
 # define sqlite3BtreeEnterCursor(X)
@@ -14552,7 +15524,7 @@ struct VdbeOp {
     Mem *pMem;             /* Used when p4type is P4_MEM */
     VTable *pVtab;         /* Used when p4type is P4_VTAB */
     KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;     /* Used when p4type is P4_KEYINFO */
-    int *ai;               /* Used when p4type is P4_INTARRAY */
+    u32 *ai;               /* Used when p4type is P4_INTARRAY */
     SubProgram *pProgram;  /* Used when p4type is P4_SUBPROGRAM */
     Table *pTab;           /* Used when p4type is P4_TABLE */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
@@ -14632,7 +15604,7 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 #define P5_ConstraintFK      4
 
 /*
-** The Vdbe.aColName array contains 5n Mem structures, where n is the 
+** The Vdbe.aColName array contains 5n Mem structures, where n is the
 ** number of columns of data returned by the statement.
 */
 #define COLNAME_NAME     0
@@ -14651,12 +15623,11 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 #endif
 
 /*
-** The following macro converts a relative address in the p2 field
-** of a VdbeOp structure into a negative number so that 
-** sqlite3VdbeAddOpList() knows that the address is relative.  Calling
-** the macro again restores the address.
+** The following macro converts a label returned by sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel()
+** into an index into the Parse.aLabel[] array that contains the resolved
+** address of that label.
 */
-#define ADDR(X)  (-1-(X))
+#define ADDR(X)  (~(X))
 
 /*
 ** The makefile scans the vdbe.c source file and creates the "opcodes.h"
@@ -14692,30 +15663,30 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 #define OP_SeekLE         23 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
 #define OP_SeekGE         24 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
 #define OP_SeekGT         25 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
-#define OP_IfNoHope       26 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
-#define OP_NoConflict     27 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
-#define OP_NotFound       28 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
-#define OP_Found          29 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
-#define OP_SeekRowid      30 /* jump, synopsis: intkey=r[P3]               */
-#define OP_NotExists      31 /* jump, synopsis: intkey=r[P3]               */
-#define OP_Last           32 /* jump                                       */
-#define OP_IfSmaller      33 /* jump                                       */
-#define OP_SorterSort     34 /* jump                                       */
-#define OP_Sort           35 /* jump                                       */
-#define OP_Rewind         36 /* jump                                       */
-#define OP_IdxLE          37 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
-#define OP_IdxGT          38 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
-#define OP_IdxLT          39 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
-#define OP_IdxGE          40 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
-#define OP_RowSetRead     41 /* jump, synopsis: r[P3]=rowset(P1)           */
-#define OP_RowSetTest     42 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2 */
+#define OP_IfNotOpen      26 /* jump, synopsis: if( !csr[P1] ) goto P2     */
+#define OP_IfNoHope       27 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_NoConflict     28 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_NotFound       29 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_Found          30 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_SeekRowid      31 /* jump, synopsis: intkey=r[P3]               */
+#define OP_NotExists      32 /* jump, synopsis: intkey=r[P3]               */
+#define OP_Last           33 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_IfSmaller      34 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_SorterSort     35 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Sort           36 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Rewind         37 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_IdxLE          38 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_IdxGT          39 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_IdxLT          40 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_IdxGE          41 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_RowSetRead     42 /* jump, synopsis: r[P3]=rowset(P1)           */
 #define OP_Or             43 /* same as TK_OR, synopsis: r[P3]=(r[P1] || r[P2]) */
 #define OP_And            44 /* same as TK_AND, synopsis: r[P3]=(r[P1] && r[P2]) */
-#define OP_Program        45 /* jump                                       */
-#define OP_FkIfZero       46 /* jump, synopsis: if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2    */
-#define OP_IfPos          47 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P1]>0 then r[P1]-=P3, goto P2 */
-#define OP_IfNotZero      48 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2 */
-#define OP_DecrJumpZero   49 /* jump, synopsis: if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2    */
+#define OP_RowSetTest     45 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2 */
+#define OP_Program        46 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_FkIfZero       47 /* jump, synopsis: if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2    */
+#define OP_IfPos          48 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P1]>0 then r[P1]-=P3, goto P2 */
+#define OP_IfNotZero      49 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2 */
 #define OP_IsNull         50 /* jump, same as TK_ISNULL, synopsis: if r[P1]==NULL goto P2 */
 #define OP_NotNull        51 /* jump, same as TK_NOTNULL, synopsis: if r[P1]!=NULL goto P2 */
 #define OP_Ne             52 /* jump, same as TK_NE, synopsis: IF r[P3]!=r[P1] */
@@ -14725,98 +15696,98 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 #define OP_Lt             56 /* jump, same as TK_LT, synopsis: IF r[P3]<r[P1] */
 #define OP_Ge             57 /* jump, same as TK_GE, synopsis: IF r[P3]>=r[P1] */
 #define OP_ElseNotEq      58 /* jump, same as TK_ESCAPE                    */
-#define OP_IncrVacuum     59 /* jump                                       */
-#define OP_VNext          60 /* jump                                       */
-#define OP_Init           61 /* jump, synopsis: Start at P2                */
-#define OP_PureFunc0      62
-#define OP_Function0      63 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])             */
-#define OP_PureFunc       64
-#define OP_Function       65 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])             */
-#define OP_Return         66
-#define OP_EndCoroutine   67
-#define OP_HaltIfNull     68 /* synopsis: if r[P3]=null halt               */
-#define OP_Halt           69
-#define OP_Integer        70 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P1                         */
-#define OP_Int64          71 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4                         */
-#define OP_String         72 /* synopsis: r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)              */
-#define OP_Null           73 /* synopsis: r[P2..P3]=NULL                   */
-#define OP_SoftNull       74 /* synopsis: r[P1]=NULL                       */
-#define OP_Blob           75 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)                */
-#define OP_Variable       76 /* synopsis: r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)           */
-#define OP_Move           77 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]                */
-#define OP_Copy           78 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]            */
-#define OP_SCopy          79 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
-#define OP_IntCopy        80 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
-#define OP_ResultRow      81 /* synopsis: output=r[P1@P2]                  */
-#define OP_CollSeq        82
-#define OP_AddImm         83 /* synopsis: r[P1]=r[P1]+P2                   */
-#define OP_RealAffinity   84
-#define OP_Cast           85 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1])                  */
-#define OP_Permutation    86
-#define OP_Compare        87 /* synopsis: r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]            */
-#define OP_IsTrue         88 /* synopsis: r[P2] = coalesce(r[P1]==TRUE,P3) ^ P4 */
-#define OP_Offset         89 /* synopsis: r[P3] = sqlite_offset(P1)        */
-#define OP_Column         90 /* synopsis: r[P3]=PX                         */
-#define OP_Affinity       91 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1@P2])               */
-#define OP_BitAnd         92 /* same as TK_BITAND, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]&r[P2] */
-#define OP_BitOr          93 /* same as TK_BITOR, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]|r[P2] */
-#define OP_ShiftLeft      94 /* same as TK_LSHIFT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]<<r[P1] */
-#define OP_ShiftRight     95 /* same as TK_RSHIFT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]>>r[P1] */
-#define OP_Add            96 /* same as TK_PLUS, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]+r[P2] */
-#define OP_Subtract       97 /* same as TK_MINUS, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]-r[P1] */
-#define OP_Multiply       98 /* same as TK_STAR, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]*r[P2] */
-#define OP_Divide         99 /* same as TK_SLASH, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]/r[P1] */
-#define OP_Remainder     100 /* same as TK_REM, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]%r[P1] */
-#define OP_Concat        101 /* same as TK_CONCAT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]+r[P1] */
-#define OP_MakeRecord    102 /* synopsis: r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])            */
-#define OP_BitNot        103 /* same as TK_BITNOT, synopsis: r[P2]= ~r[P1] */
-#define OP_Count         104 /* synopsis: r[P2]=count()                    */
-#define OP_ReadCookie    105
-#define OP_String8       106 /* same as TK_STRING, synopsis: r[P2]='P4'    */
-#define OP_SetCookie     107
-#define OP_ReopenIdx     108 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
-#define OP_OpenRead      109 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
-#define OP_OpenWrite     110 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
-#define OP_OpenDup       111
-#define OP_OpenAutoindex 112 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
-#define OP_OpenEphemeral 113 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
-#define OP_SorterOpen    114
-#define OP_SequenceTest  115 /* synopsis: if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2   */
-#define OP_OpenPseudo    116 /* synopsis: P3 columns in r[P2]              */
-#define OP_Close         117
-#define OP_ColumnsUsed   118
-#define OP_SeekHit       119 /* synopsis: seekHit=P2                       */
+#define OP_DecrJumpZero   59 /* jump, synopsis: if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2    */
+#define OP_IncrVacuum     60 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_VNext          61 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Init           62 /* jump, synopsis: Start at P2                */
+#define OP_PureFunc       63 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@NP])             */
+#define OP_Function       64 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@NP])             */
+#define OP_Return         65
+#define OP_EndCoroutine   66
+#define OP_HaltIfNull     67 /* synopsis: if r[P3]=null halt               */
+#define OP_Halt           68
+#define OP_Integer        69 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P1                         */
+#define OP_Int64          70 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4                         */
+#define OP_String         71 /* synopsis: r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)              */
+#define OP_Null           72 /* synopsis: r[P2..P3]=NULL                   */
+#define OP_SoftNull       73 /* synopsis: r[P1]=NULL                       */
+#define OP_Blob           74 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)                */
+#define OP_Variable       75 /* synopsis: r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)           */
+#define OP_Move           76 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]                */
+#define OP_Copy           77 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]            */
+#define OP_SCopy          78 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
+#define OP_IntCopy        79 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
+#define OP_ResultRow      80 /* synopsis: output=r[P1@P2]                  */
+#define OP_CollSeq        81
+#define OP_AddImm         82 /* synopsis: r[P1]=r[P1]+P2                   */
+#define OP_RealAffinity   83
+#define OP_Cast           84 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1])                  */
+#define OP_Permutation    85
+#define OP_Compare        86 /* synopsis: r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]            */
+#define OP_IsTrue         87 /* synopsis: r[P2] = coalesce(r[P1]==TRUE,P3) ^ P4 */
+#define OP_Offset         88 /* synopsis: r[P3] = sqlite_offset(P1)        */
+#define OP_Column         89 /* synopsis: r[P3]=PX                         */
+#define OP_Affinity       90 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1@P2])               */
+#define OP_MakeRecord     91 /* synopsis: r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])            */
+#define OP_Count          92 /* synopsis: r[P2]=count()                    */
+#define OP_ReadCookie     93
+#define OP_SetCookie      94
+#define OP_ReopenIdx      95 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
+#define OP_OpenRead       96 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
+#define OP_OpenWrite      97 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
+#define OP_OpenDup        98
+#define OP_OpenAutoindex  99 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
+#define OP_OpenEphemeral 100 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
+#define OP_BitAnd        101 /* same as TK_BITAND, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]&r[P2] */
+#define OP_BitOr         102 /* same as TK_BITOR, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]|r[P2] */
+#define OP_ShiftLeft     103 /* same as TK_LSHIFT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]<<r[P1] */
+#define OP_ShiftRight    104 /* same as TK_RSHIFT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]>>r[P1] */
+#define OP_Add           105 /* same as TK_PLUS, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]+r[P2] */
+#define OP_Subtract      106 /* same as TK_MINUS, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]-r[P1] */
+#define OP_Multiply      107 /* same as TK_STAR, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]*r[P2] */
+#define OP_Divide        108 /* same as TK_SLASH, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]/r[P1] */
+#define OP_Remainder     109 /* same as TK_REM, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]%r[P1] */
+#define OP_Concat        110 /* same as TK_CONCAT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]+r[P1] */
+#define OP_SorterOpen    111
+#define OP_BitNot        112 /* same as TK_BITNOT, synopsis: r[P2]= ~r[P1] */
+#define OP_SequenceTest  113 /* synopsis: if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2   */
+#define OP_OpenPseudo    114 /* synopsis: P3 columns in r[P2]              */
+#define OP_String8       115 /* same as TK_STRING, synopsis: r[P2]='P4'    */
+#define OP_Close         116
+#define OP_ColumnsUsed   117
+#define OP_SeekScan      118 /* synopsis: Scan-ahead up to P1 rows         */
+#define OP_SeekHit       119 /* synopsis: set P2<=seekHit<=P3              */
 #define OP_Sequence      120 /* synopsis: r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++           */
 #define OP_NewRowid      121 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
 #define OP_Insert        122 /* synopsis: intkey=r[P3] data=r[P2]          */
-#define OP_InsertInt     123 /* synopsis: intkey=P3 data=r[P2]             */
-#define OP_Delete        124
-#define OP_ResetCount    125
-#define OP_SorterCompare 126 /* synopsis: if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2 */
-#define OP_SorterData    127 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
-#define OP_RowData       128 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
-#define OP_Rowid         129 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
-#define OP_NullRow       130
-#define OP_SeekEnd       131
+#define OP_Delete        123
+#define OP_ResetCount    124
+#define OP_SorterCompare 125 /* synopsis: if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2 */
+#define OP_SorterData    126 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
+#define OP_RowData       127 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
+#define OP_Rowid         128 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
+#define OP_NullRow       129
+#define OP_SeekEnd       130
+#define OP_IdxInsert     131 /* synopsis: key=r[P2]                        */
 #define OP_SorterInsert  132 /* synopsis: key=r[P2]                        */
-#define OP_IdxInsert     133 /* synopsis: key=r[P2]                        */
-#define OP_IdxDelete     134 /* synopsis: key=r[P2@P3]                     */
-#define OP_DeferredSeek  135 /* synopsis: Move P3 to P1.rowid if needed    */
-#define OP_IdxRowid      136 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
+#define OP_IdxDelete     133 /* synopsis: key=r[P2@P3]                     */
+#define OP_DeferredSeek  134 /* synopsis: Move P3 to P1.rowid if needed    */
+#define OP_IdxRowid      135 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
+#define OP_FinishSeek    136
 #define OP_Destroy       137
 #define OP_Clear         138
 #define OP_ResetSorter   139
 #define OP_CreateBtree   140 /* synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1 flags=P3       */
-#define OP_Real          141 /* same as TK_FLOAT, synopsis: r[P2]=P4       */
-#define OP_SqlExec       142
-#define OP_ParseSchema   143
-#define OP_LoadAnalysis  144
-#define OP_DropTable     145
-#define OP_DropIndex     146
-#define OP_DropTrigger   147
-#define OP_IntegrityCk   148
-#define OP_RowSetAdd     149 /* synopsis: rowset(P1)=r[P2]                 */
-#define OP_Param         150
+#define OP_SqlExec       141
+#define OP_ParseSchema   142
+#define OP_LoadAnalysis  143
+#define OP_DropTable     144
+#define OP_DropIndex     145
+#define OP_DropTrigger   146
+#define OP_IntegrityCk   147
+#define OP_RowSetAdd     148 /* synopsis: rowset(P1)=r[P2]                 */
+#define OP_Param         149
+#define OP_Real          150 /* same as TK_FLOAT, synopsis: r[P2]=P4       */
 #define OP_FkCounter     151 /* synopsis: fkctr[P1]+=P2                    */
 #define OP_MemMax        152 /* synopsis: r[P1]=max(r[P1],r[P2])           */
 #define OP_OffsetLimit   153 /* synopsis: if r[P1]>0 then r[P2]=r[P1]+max(0,r[P3]) else r[P2]=(-1) */
@@ -14826,20 +15797,23 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 #define OP_AggValue      157 /* synopsis: r[P3]=value N=P2                 */
 #define OP_AggFinal      158 /* synopsis: accum=r[P1] N=P2                 */
 #define OP_Expire        159
-#define OP_TableLock     160 /* synopsis: iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3          */
-#define OP_VBegin        161
-#define OP_VCreate       162
-#define OP_VDestroy      163
-#define OP_VOpen         164
-#define OP_VColumn       165 /* synopsis: r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)                */
-#define OP_VRename       166
-#define OP_Pagecount     167
-#define OP_MaxPgcnt      168
-#define OP_Trace         169
-#define OP_CursorHint    170
-#define OP_Noop          171
-#define OP_Explain       172
-#define OP_Abortable     173
+#define OP_CursorLock    160
+#define OP_CursorUnlock  161
+#define OP_TableLock     162 /* synopsis: iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3          */
+#define OP_VBegin        163
+#define OP_VCreate       164
+#define OP_VDestroy      165
+#define OP_VOpen         166
+#define OP_VColumn       167 /* synopsis: r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)                */
+#define OP_VRename       168
+#define OP_Pagecount     169
+#define OP_MaxPgcnt      170
+#define OP_Trace         171
+#define OP_CursorHint    172
+#define OP_ReleaseReg    173 /* synopsis: release r[P1@P2] mask P3         */
+#define OP_Noop          174
+#define OP_Explain       175
+#define OP_Abortable     176
 
 /* Properties such as "out2" or "jump" that are specified in
 ** comments following the "case" for each opcode in the vdbe.c
@@ -14855,25 +15829,26 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 /*   0 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x10,\
 /*   8 */ 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03,\
 /*  16 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x12, 0x03, 0x01, 0x09, 0x09,\
-/*  24 */ 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09,\
-/*  32 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,\
-/*  40 */ 0x01, 0x23, 0x0b, 0x26, 0x26, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03,\
+/*  24 */ 0x09, 0x09, 0x01, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09,\
+/*  32 */ 0x09, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,\
+/*  40 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x23, 0x26, 0x26, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x01,\
 /*  48 */ 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b,\
-/*  56 */ 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/*  64 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x08, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10,\
-/*  72 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10,\
-/*  80 */ 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/*  88 */ 0x12, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26,\
-/*  96 */ 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x00, 0x12,\
-/* 104 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 112 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/*  56 */ 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00,\
+/*  64 */ 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x08, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10,\
+/*  72 */ 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10,\
+/*  80 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12,\
+/*  88 */ 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/*  96 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26,\
+/* 104 */ 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x00,\
+/* 112 */ 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
 /* 120 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 128 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 136 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 144 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x10, 0x00,\
+/* 128 */ 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10,\
+/* 136 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/* 144 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00,\
 /* 152 */ 0x04, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 160 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10,\
-/* 168 */ 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,}
+/* 160 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/* 168 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/* 176 */ 0x00,}
 
 /* The sqlite3P2Values() routine is able to run faster if it knows
 ** the value of the largest JUMP opcode.  The smaller the maximum
@@ -14881,7 +15856,7 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 ** generated this include file strives to group all JUMP opcodes
 ** together near the beginning of the list.
 */
-#define SQLITE_MX_JUMP_OPCODE  61  /* Maximum JUMP opcode */
+#define SQLITE_MX_JUMP_OPCODE  62  /* Maximum JUMP opcode */
 
 /************** End of opcodes.h *********************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in vdbe.h ***********************/
@@ -14897,6 +15872,7 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 ** for a description of what each of these routines does.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Vdbe *sqlite3VdbeCreate(Parse*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Parse *sqlite3VdbeParser(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(Vdbe*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(Vdbe*,int,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(Vdbe*,int,int,int);
@@ -14907,6 +15883,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(Vdbe*,int,int,int,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(Vdbe*,int,int,int,int,const char *zP4,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Dup8(Vdbe*,int,int,int,int,const u8*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(Vdbe*,int,int,int,int,int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddFunctionCall(Parse*,int,int,int,int,const FuncDef*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(Vdbe*,int);
 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeVerifyNoMallocRequired(Vdbe *p, int N);
@@ -14932,22 +15909,34 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3VdbeExplainParent(Parse*);
 # define ExplainQueryPlan(P)
 # define ExplainQueryPlanPop(P)
 # define ExplainQueryPlanParent(P) 0
+# define sqlite3ExplainBreakpoint(A,B) /*no-op*/
+#endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ExplainBreakpoint(const char*,const char*);
+#else
+# define sqlite3ExplainBreakpoint(A,B) /*no-op*/
 #endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(Vdbe*,int,char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeOpcode(Vdbe*, u32 addr, u8);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(Vdbe*, u32 addr, int P1);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(Vdbe*, u32 addr, int P2);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(Vdbe*, u32 addr, int P3);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeOpcode(Vdbe*, int addr, u8);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(Vdbe*, int addr, int P1);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(Vdbe*, int addr, int P2);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(Vdbe*, int addr, int P3);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(Vdbe*, u16 P5);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(Vdbe*, int addr);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeJumpHereOrPopInst(Vdbe*, int addr);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(Vdbe*, int addr);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeDeletePriorOpcode(Vdbe*, u8 op);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeReleaseRegisters(Parse*,int addr, int n, u32 mask, int);
+#else
+# define sqlite3VdbeReleaseRegisters(P,A,N,M,F)
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(Vdbe*, int addr, const char *zP4, int N);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(Vdbe*, void *pP4, int p4type);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(Parse*, Index*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(Vdbe*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeGetOp(Vdbe*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(Vdbe*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(Parse*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeRunOnlyOnce(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeReusable(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDelete(Vdbe*);
@@ -14968,6 +15957,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3 *sqlite3VdbeDb(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3VdbePrepareFlags(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe*, const char *z, int n, u8);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeAddDblquoteStr(sqlite3*,Vdbe*,const char*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeUsesDoubleQuotedString(Vdbe*,const char*);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSwap(Vdbe*,Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(Vdbe*, int*, int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_value *sqlite3VdbeGetBoundValue(Vdbe*, int, u8);
@@ -14986,11 +15979,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE UnpackedRecord *sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(KeyInfo*);
 typedef int (*RecordCompare)(int,const void*,UnpackedRecord*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE RecordCompare sqlite3VdbeFindCompare(UnpackedRecord*);
 
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeLinkSubProgram(Vdbe *, SubProgram *);
-#endif
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHasSubProgram(Vdbe*);
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3NotPureFunc(sqlite3_context*);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeBytecodeVtabInit(sqlite3*);
+#endif
 
 /* Use SQLITE_ENABLE_COMMENTS to enable generation of extra comments on
 ** each VDBE opcode.
@@ -15095,258 +16090,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbePrintOp(FILE*, int, VdbeOp*);
 
 /************** End of vdbe.h ************************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
-/************** Include pager.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h *****************/
-/************** Begin file pager.h *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2001 September 15
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This header file defines the interface that the sqlite page cache
-** subsystem.  The page cache subsystem reads and writes a file a page
-** at a time and provides a journal for rollback.
-*/
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_PAGER_H
-#define SQLITE_PAGER_H
-
-/*
-** Default maximum size for persistent journal files. A negative 
-** value means no limit. This value may be overridden using the 
-** sqlite3PagerJournalSizeLimit() API. See also "PRAGMA journal_size_limit".
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT
-  #define SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT -1
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The type used to represent a page number.  The first page in a file
-** is called page 1.  0 is used to represent "not a page".
-*/
-typedef u32 Pgno;
-
-/*
-** Each open file is managed by a separate instance of the "Pager" structure.
-*/
-typedef struct Pager Pager;
-
-/*
-** Handle type for pages.
-*/
-typedef struct PgHdr DbPage;
-
-/*
-** Page number PAGER_MJ_PGNO is never used in an SQLite database (it is
-** reserved for working around a windows/posix incompatibility). It is
-** used in the journal to signify that the remainder of the journal file 
-** is devoted to storing a master journal name - there are no more pages to
-** roll back. See comments for function writeMasterJournal() in pager.c 
-** for details.
-*/
-#define PAGER_MJ_PGNO(x) ((Pgno)((PENDING_BYTE/((x)->pageSize))+1))
-
-/*
-** Allowed values for the flags parameter to sqlite3PagerOpen().
-**
-** NOTE: These values must match the corresponding BTREE_ values in btree.h.
-*/
-#define PAGER_OMIT_JOURNAL  0x0001    /* Do not use a rollback journal */
-#define PAGER_MEMORY        0x0002    /* In-memory database */
-
-/*
-** Valid values for the second argument to sqlite3PagerLockingMode().
-*/
-#define PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_QUERY      -1
-#define PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_NORMAL      0
-#define PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE   1
-
-/*
-** Numeric constants that encode the journalmode.
-**
-** The numeric values encoded here (other than PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY)
-** are exposed in the API via the "PRAGMA journal_mode" command and
-** therefore cannot be changed without a compatibility break.
-*/
-#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY     (-1)  /* Query the value of journalmode */
-#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE      0   /* Commit by deleting journal file */
-#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST     1   /* Commit by zeroing journal header */
-#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF         2   /* Journal omitted.  */
-#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE    3   /* Commit by truncating journal */
-#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY      4   /* In-memory journal file */
-#define PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL         5   /* Use write-ahead logging */
-
-/*
-** Flags that make up the mask passed to sqlite3PagerGet().
-*/
-#define PAGER_GET_NOCONTENT     0x01  /* Do not load data from disk */
-#define PAGER_GET_READONLY      0x02  /* Read-only page is acceptable */
-
-/*
-** Flags for sqlite3PagerSetFlags()
-**
-** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
-**    PAGER_FULLFSYNC      == SQLITE_FullFSync
-**    PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC == SQLITE_CkptFullFSync
-**    PAGER_CACHE_SPILL    == SQLITE_CacheSpill
-*/
-#define PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_OFF       0x01  /* PRAGMA synchronous=OFF */
-#define PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_NORMAL    0x02  /* PRAGMA synchronous=NORMAL */
-#define PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_FULL      0x03  /* PRAGMA synchronous=FULL */
-#define PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_EXTRA     0x04  /* PRAGMA synchronous=EXTRA */
-#define PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_MASK      0x07  /* Mask for four values above */
-#define PAGER_FULLFSYNC             0x08  /* PRAGMA fullfsync=ON */
-#define PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC        0x10  /* PRAGMA checkpoint_fullfsync=ON */
-#define PAGER_CACHESPILL            0x20  /* PRAGMA cache_spill=ON */
-#define PAGER_FLAGS_MASK            0x38  /* All above except SYNCHRONOUS */
-
-/*
-** The remainder of this file contains the declarations of the functions
-** that make up the Pager sub-system API. See source code comments for 
-** a detailed description of each routine.
-*/
-
-/* Open and close a Pager connection. */ 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
-  sqlite3_vfs*,
-  Pager **ppPager,
-  const char*,
-  int,
-  int,
-  int,
-  void(*)(DbPage*)
-);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerClose(Pager *pPager, sqlite3*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerReadFileheader(Pager*, int, unsigned char*);
-
-/* Functions used to configure a Pager object. */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetBusyHandler(Pager*, int(*)(void *), void *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(Pager*, u32*, int);
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerAlignReserve(Pager*,Pager*);
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMaxPageCount(Pager*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetCachesize(Pager*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetSpillsize(Pager*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetMmapLimit(Pager *, sqlite3_int64);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerShrink(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetFlags(Pager*,unsigned);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerLockingMode(Pager *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetJournalMode(Pager *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerGetJournalMode(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOkToChangeJournalMode(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3PagerJournalSizeLimit(Pager *, i64);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_backup **sqlite3PagerBackupPtr(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerFlush(Pager*);
-
-/* Functions used to obtain and release page references. */ 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerGet(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno, DbPage **ppPage, int clrFlag);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE DbPage *sqlite3PagerLookup(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerRef(DbPage*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnref(DbPage*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnrefNotNull(DbPage*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnrefPageOne(DbPage*);
-
-/* Operations on page references. */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWrite(DbPage*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerDontWrite(DbPage*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager*,DbPage*,Pgno,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerPageRefcount(DbPage*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetData(DbPage *); 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetExtra(DbPage *); 
-
-/* Functions used to manage pager transactions and savepoints. */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerPagecount(Pager*, int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerBegin(Pager*, int exFlag, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(Pager*,const char *zMaster, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerExclusiveLock(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSync(Pager *pPager, const char *zMaster);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRollback(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpenSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int n);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int op, int iSavepoint);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerCheckpoint(Pager *pPager, sqlite3*, int, int*, int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerWalSupported(Pager *pPager);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerWalCallback(Pager *pPager);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerOpenWal(Pager *pPager, int *pisOpen);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerCloseWal(Pager *pPager, sqlite3*);
-# ifdef SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerUseWal(Pager *pPager, Pgno);
-# endif
-# ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerSnapshotGet(Pager *pPager, sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerSnapshotOpen(Pager *pPager, sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerSnapshotRecover(Pager *pPager);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerSnapshotCheck(Pager *pPager, sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3PagerSnapshotUnlock(Pager *pPager);
-# endif
-#else
-# define sqlite3PagerUseWal(x,y) 0
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ZIPVFS
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerWalFramesize(Pager *pPager);
-#endif
-
-/* Functions used to query pager state and configuration. */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3PagerIsreadonly(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3PagerDataVersion(Pager*);
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerRefcount(Pager*);
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMemUsed(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerFilename(Pager*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3PagerVfs(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3PagerFile(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3PagerJrnlFile(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerJournalname(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerTempSpace(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerIsMemdb(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerCacheStat(Pager *, int, int, int *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerClearCache(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SectorSize(sqlite3_file *);
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerResetLockTimeout(Pager *pPager);
-#else
-# define sqlite3PagerResetLockTimeout(X)
-#endif
-
-/* Functions used to truncate the database file. */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(Pager*,Pgno);
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerRekey(DbPage*, Pgno, u16);
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerCodec(DbPage *);
-#endif
-
-/* Functions to support testing and debugging. */
-#if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   Pgno sqlite3PagerPagenumber(DbPage*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3PagerIswriteable(DbPage*);
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int *sqlite3PagerStats(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3PagerRefdump(Pager*);
-  void disable_simulated_io_errors(void);
-  void enable_simulated_io_errors(void);
-#else
-# define disable_simulated_io_errors()
-# define enable_simulated_io_errors()
-#endif
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_PAGER_H */
-
-/************** End of pager.h ***********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
 /************** Include pcache.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h ****************/
 /************** Begin file pcache.h ******************************************/
 /*
@@ -15361,7 +16104,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3PagerRefdump(Pager*);
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This header file defines the interface that the sqlite page cache
-** subsystem. 
+** subsystem.
 */
 
 #ifndef _PCACHE_H_
@@ -15387,7 +16130,7 @@ struct PgHdr {
   u16 flags;                     /* PGHDR flags defined below */
 
   /**********************************************************************
-  ** Elements above, except pCache, are public.  All that follow are 
+  ** Elements above, except pCache, are public.  All that follow are
   ** private to pcache.c and should not be accessed by other modules.
   ** pCache is grouped with the public elements for efficiency.
   */
@@ -15440,7 +16183,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheSetPageSize(PCache *, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheSize(void);
 
 /* One release per successful fetch.  Page is pinned until released.
-** Reference counted. 
+** Reference counted.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_pcache_page *sqlite3PcacheFetch(PCache*, Pgno, int createFlag);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheFetchStress(PCache*, Pgno, sqlite3_pcache_page**);
@@ -15484,7 +16227,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcachePagecount(PCache*);
 
 #if defined(SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
 /* Iterate through all dirty pages currently stored in the cache. This
-** interface is only available if SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES is defined when the 
+** interface is only available if SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES is defined when the
 ** library is built.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheIterateDirty(PCache *pCache, void (*xIter)(PgHdr *));
@@ -15534,6 +16277,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3HeaderSizePcache1(void);
 /* Number of dirty pages as a percentage of the configured cache size */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PCachePercentDirty(PCache*);
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PCacheIsDirty(PCache *pCache);
+#endif
+
 #endif /* _PCACHE_H_ */
 
 /************** End of pcache.h **********************************************/
@@ -15655,10 +16402,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PCachePercentDirty(PCache*);
 ** 2006-10-31:  The default prefix used to be "sqlite_".  But then
 ** Mcafee started using SQLite in their anti-virus product and it
 ** started putting files with the "sqlite" name in the c:/temp folder.
-** This annoyed many windows users.  Those users would then do a 
+** This annoyed many windows users.  Those users would then do a
 ** Google search for "sqlite", find the telephone numbers of the
 ** developers and call to wake them up at night and complain.
-** For this reason, the default name prefix is changed to be "sqlite" 
+** For this reason, the default name prefix is changed to be "sqlite"
 ** spelled backwards.  So the temp files are still identified, but
 ** anybody smart enough to figure out the code is also likely smart
 ** enough to know that calling the developer will not help get rid
@@ -15699,9 +16446,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PCachePercentDirty(PCache*);
 ** UnlockFile().
 **
 ** LockFile() prevents not just writing but also reading by other processes.
-** A SHARED_LOCK is obtained by locking a single randomly-chosen 
-** byte out of a specific range of bytes. The lock byte is obtained at 
-** random so two separate readers can probably access the file at the 
+** A SHARED_LOCK is obtained by locking a single randomly-chosen
+** byte out of a specific range of bytes. The lock byte is obtained at
+** random so two separate readers can probably access the file at the
 ** same time, unless they are unlucky and choose the same lock byte.
 ** An EXCLUSIVE_LOCK is obtained by locking all bytes in the range.
 ** There can only be one writer.  A RESERVED_LOCK is obtained by locking
@@ -15720,7 +16467,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PCachePercentDirty(PCache*);
 ** The following #defines specify the range of bytes used for locking.
 ** SHARED_SIZE is the number of bytes available in the pool from which
 ** a random byte is selected for a shared lock.  The pool of bytes for
-** shared locks begins at SHARED_FIRST. 
+** shared locks begins at SHARED_FIRST.
 **
 ** The same locking strategy and
 ** byte ranges are used for Unix.  This leaves open the possibility of having
@@ -15736,7 +16483,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PCachePercentDirty(PCache*);
 ** that all locks will fit on a single page even at the minimum page size.
 ** PENDING_BYTE defines the beginning of the locks.  By default PENDING_BYTE
 ** is set high so that we don't have to allocate an unused page except
-** for very large databases.  But one should test the page skipping logic 
+** for very large databases.  But one should test the page skipping logic
 ** by setting PENDING_BYTE low and running the entire regression suite.
 **
 ** Changing the value of PENDING_BYTE results in a subtly incompatible
@@ -15760,8 +16507,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PCachePercentDirty(PCache*);
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsInit(void);
 
-/* 
-** Functions for accessing sqlite3_file methods 
+/*
+** Functions for accessing sqlite3_file methods
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsClose(sqlite3_file*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsRead(sqlite3_file*, void*, int amt, i64 offset);
@@ -15787,8 +16534,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFetch(sqlite3_file *id, i64, int, void **);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsUnfetch(sqlite3_file *, i64, void *);
 
 
-/* 
-** Functions for accessing sqlite3_vfs methods 
+/*
+** Functions for accessing sqlite3_vfs methods
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file*, int, int *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsDelete(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, int);
@@ -15806,7 +16553,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsCurrentTimeInt64(sqlite3_vfs *, sqlite3_int64*);
 
 /*
-** Convenience functions for opening and closing files using 
+** Convenience functions for opening and closing files using
 ** sqlite3_malloc() to obtain space for the file-handle structure.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsOpenMalloc(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file **, int,int*);
@@ -15876,9 +16623,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsCloseFree(sqlite3_file *);
 */
 #define sqlite3_mutex_alloc(X)    ((sqlite3_mutex*)8)
 #define sqlite3_mutex_free(X)
-#define sqlite3_mutex_enter(X)    
+#define sqlite3_mutex_enter(X)
 #define sqlite3_mutex_try(X)      SQLITE_OK
-#define sqlite3_mutex_leave(X)    
+#define sqlite3_mutex_leave(X)
 #define sqlite3_mutex_held(X)     ((void)(X),1)
 #define sqlite3_mutex_notheld(X)  ((void)(X),1)
 #define sqlite3MutexAlloc(X)      ((sqlite3_mutex*)8)
@@ -15887,6 +16634,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsCloseFree(sqlite3_file *);
 #define MUTEX_LOGIC(X)
 #else
 #define MUTEX_LOGIC(X)            X
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
 #endif /* defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) */
 
 /************** End of mutex.h ***********************************************/
@@ -15990,7 +16738,6 @@ struct Schema {
 */
 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
-#define DB_Empty           0x0004  /* The file is empty (length 0 bytes) */
 #define DB_ResetWanted     0x0008  /* Reset the schema when nSchemaLock==0 */
 
 /*
@@ -16018,15 +16765,47 @@ struct Schema {
 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
+**
+** New lookaside allocations are only allowed if bDisable==0.  When
+** bDisable is greater than zero, sz is set to zero which effectively
+** disables lookaside without adding a new test for the bDisable flag
+** in a performance-critical path.  sz should be set by to szTrue whenever
+** bDisable changes back to zero.
+**
+** Lookaside buffers are initially held on the pInit list.  As they are
+** used and freed, they are added back to the pFree list.  New allocations
+** come off of pFree first, then pInit as a fallback.  This dual-list
+** allows use to compute a high-water mark - the maximum number of allocations
+** outstanding at any point in the past - by subtracting the number of
+** allocations on the pInit list from the total number of allocations.
+**
+** Enhancement on 2019-12-12:  Two-size-lookaside
+** The default lookaside configuration is 100 slots of 1200 bytes each.
+** The larger slot sizes are important for performance, but they waste
+** a lot of space, as most lookaside allocations are less than 128 bytes.
+** The two-size-lookaside enhancement breaks up the lookaside allocation
+** into two pools:  One of 128-byte slots and the other of the default size
+** (1200-byte) slots.   Allocations are filled from the small-pool first,
+** failing over to the full-size pool if that does not work.  Thus more
+** lookaside slots are available while also using less memory.
+** This enhancement can be omitted by compiling with
+** SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE.
 */
 struct Lookaside {
   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
+  u16 szTrue;             /* True value of sz, even if disabled */
   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
   u32 nSlot;              /* Number of lookaside slots allocated */
   u32 anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
   LookasideSlot *pInit;   /* List of buffers not previously used */
   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
+  LookasideSlot *pSmallInit; /* List of small buffers not prediously used */
+  LookasideSlot *pSmallFree; /* List of available small buffers */
+  void *pMiddle;          /* First byte past end of full-size buffers and
+                          ** the first byte of LOOKASIDE_SMALL buffers */
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
 };
@@ -16034,17 +16813,30 @@ struct LookasideSlot {
   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
 };
 
+#define DisableLookaside  db->lookaside.bDisable++;db->lookaside.sz=0
+#define EnableLookaside   db->lookaside.bDisable--;\
+   db->lookaside.sz=db->lookaside.bDisable?0:db->lookaside.szTrue
+
+/* Size of the smaller allocations in two-size lookside */
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
+#  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL           0
+#else
+#  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL         128
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
 **
 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
-** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.
+** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.  Use the SQLITE_FUNC_HASH()
+** macro to compute a hash on the function name.
 */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
 struct FuncDefHash {
   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
 };
+#define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(C,L) (((C)+(L))%SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ)
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
 /*
@@ -16088,10 +16880,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
 */
-#define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY  0x80
+#define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0x40     /* Use the legacy xTrace */
+#define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0x80     /* Use the legacy xProfile */
 #else
-#define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY  0
+#define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0
+#define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
+#define SQLITE_TRACE_NONLEGACY_MASK  0x0f     /* Normal flags */
 
 
 /*
@@ -16100,12 +16895,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
 struct sqlite3 {
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
-  CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* The default collating sequence (BINARY) */
+  CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* BINARY collseq for the database encoding */
   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
   u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
-  u32 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
+  u64 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
   u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
@@ -16134,12 +16929,13 @@ struct sqlite3 {
   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
-    int newTnum;                /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
+    Pgno newTnum;               /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
     unsigned orphanTrigger : 1; /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
     unsigned imposterTable : 1; /* Building an imposter table */
     unsigned reopenMemdb : 1;   /* ATTACH is really a reopen using MemDB */
+    char **azInit;              /* "type", "name", and "tbl_name" columns */
   } init;
   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
@@ -16148,16 +16944,22 @@ struct sqlite3 {
   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
-  int (*xTrace)(u32,void*,void*,void*);     /* Trace function */
+  union {
+    void (*xLegacy)(void*,const char*);     /* Legacy trace function */
+    int (*xV2)(u32,void*,void*,void*);      /* V2 Trace function */
+  } trace;
   void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
+#endif
   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
   void *pUpdateArg;
   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
+  Parse *pParse;                /* Current parse */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
@@ -16199,6 +17001,7 @@ struct sqlite3 {
   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
+  int nAnalysisLimit;           /* Number of index rows to ANALYZE */
   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
@@ -16206,7 +17009,7 @@ struct sqlite3 {
   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
-  /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MASTER
+  /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MAIN
   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
   **
   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
@@ -16233,6 +17036,13 @@ struct sqlite3 {
 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
 
+/*
+** A u64 constant where the lower 32 bits are all zeros.  Only the
+** upper 32 bits are included in the argument.  Necessary because some
+** C-compilers still do not accept LL integer literals.
+*/
+#define HI(X)  ((u64)(X)<<32)
+
 /*
 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
 **
@@ -16241,16 +17051,15 @@ struct sqlite3 {
 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
 */
-#define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
+#define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_SCHEMA */
 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00000002  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
-#define SQLITE_CountRows      0x00000080  /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
-                                          /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
-                                          /*   the count using a callback. */
+#define SQLITE_TrustedSchema  0x00000080  /* Allow unsafe functions and
+                                          ** vtabs in the schema definition */
 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
                                           /*   result set is empty */
 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000200  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
@@ -16271,14 +17080,23 @@ struct sqlite3 {
 #define SQLITE_TriggerEQP     0x01000000  /* Show trigger EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
 #define SQLITE_ResetDatabase  0x02000000  /* Reset the database */
 #define SQLITE_LegacyAlter    0x04000000  /* Legacy ALTER TABLE behaviour */
+#define SQLITE_NoSchemaError  0x08000000  /* Do not report schema parse errors*/
+#define SQLITE_Defensive      0x10000000  /* Input SQL is likely hostile */
+#define SQLITE_DqsDDL         0x20000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DDL*/
+#define SQLITE_DqsDML         0x40000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DML*/
+#define SQLITE_EnableView     0x80000000  /* Enable the use of views */
+#define SQLITE_CountRows      HI(0x00001) /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
+                                          /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
+                                          /*   the count using a callback. */
 
 /* Flags used only if debugging */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-#define SQLITE_SqlTrace       0x08000000  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
-#define SQLITE_VdbeListing    0x10000000  /* Debug listings of VDBE programs */
-#define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      0x20000000  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
-#define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace 0x40000000  /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
-#define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        0x80000000  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
+#define SQLITE_SqlTrace       HI(0x0100000) /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
+#define SQLITE_VdbeListing    HI(0x0200000) /* Debug listings of VDBE progs */
+#define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      HI(0x0400000) /* True to trace VDBE execution */
+#define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace HI(0x0800000) /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
+#define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        HI(0x1000000) /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
+#define SQLITE_ParserTrace    HI(0x2000000) /* PRAGMA parser_trace=ON */
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -16287,7 +17105,10 @@ struct sqlite3 {
 #define DBFLAG_SchemaChange   0x0001  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
 #define DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin  0x0002  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
 #define DBFLAG_Vacuum         0x0004  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
-#define DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk  0x0008  /* Schema is known to be valid */
+#define DBFLAG_VacuumInto     0x0008  /* Currently running VACUUM INTO */
+#define DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk  0x0010  /* Schema is known to be valid */
+#define DBFLAG_InternalFunc   0x0020  /* Allow use of internal functions */
+#define DBFLAG_EncodingFixed  0x0040  /* No longer possible to change enc. */
 
 /*
 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
@@ -16295,7 +17116,7 @@ struct sqlite3 {
 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
 */
 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
-                          /*  0x0002   available for reuse */
+#define SQLITE_WindowFunc     0x0002   /* Use xInverse for window functions */
 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0010   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
@@ -16305,8 +17126,8 @@ struct sqlite3 {
 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0100   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
 #define SQLITE_CountOfView    0x0200   /* The count-of-view optimization */
 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x0400   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
-#define SQLITE_Stat34         0x0800   /* Use STAT3 or STAT4 data */
-   /* TH3 expects the Stat34  ^^^^^^ value to be 0x0800.  Don't change it */
+#define SQLITE_Stat4          0x0800   /* Use STAT4 data */
+   /* TH3 expects the Stat4   ^^^^^^ value to be 0x0800.  Don't change it */
 #define SQLITE_PushDown       0x1000   /* The push-down optimization */
 #define SQLITE_SimplifyJoin   0x2000   /* Convert LEFT JOIN to JOIN */
 #define SQLITE_SkipScan       0x4000   /* Skip-scans */
@@ -16394,6 +17215,8 @@ struct FuncDestructor {
 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH    ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF    ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT  ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
+**     SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT    ==  SQLITE_DIRECTONLY from the API
+**     SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE    ==  SQLITE_INNOCUOUS
 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
 */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
@@ -16404,16 +17227,29 @@ struct FuncDestructor {
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
-#define SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE 0x0200 /* Built-in coalesce() or ifnull() */
+/*                           0x0200 -- available for reuse */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
                                     ** single query - might change over time */
-#define SQLITE_FUNC_AFFINITY 0x4000 /* Built-in affinity() function */
+#define SQLITE_FUNC_TEST     0x4000 /* Built-in testing functions */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET   0x8000 /* Built-in sqlite_offset() function */
-#define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW  0x10000 /* Built-in window-only function */
-#define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW_SIZE  0x20000  /* Requires partition size as arg. */
+#define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW   0x00010000 /* Built-in window-only function */
+#define SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL 0x00040000 /* For use by NestedParse() only */
+#define SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT   0x00080000 /* Not for use in TRIGGERs or VIEWs */
+#define SQLITE_FUNC_SUBTYPE  0x00100000 /* Result likely to have sub-type */
+#define SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE   0x00200000 /* Function has side effects */
+#define SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE   0x00400000 /* Functions implemented in-line */
+
+/* Identifier numbers for each in-line function */
+#define INLINEFUNC_coalesce             0
+#define INLINEFUNC_implies_nonnull_row  1
+#define INLINEFUNC_expr_implies_expr    2
+#define INLINEFUNC_expr_compare         3
+#define INLINEFUNC_affinity             4
+#define INLINEFUNC_iif                  5
+#define INLINEFUNC_unlikely            99  /* Default case */
 
 /*
 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
@@ -16429,6 +17265,22 @@ struct FuncDestructor {
 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
 **
+**   SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
+**     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
+**     adds the SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag.
+**
+**   INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
+**     zName is the name of a function that is implemented by in-line
+**     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
+**     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
+**     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
+**
+**   TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
+**     zName is the name of a test-only function implemented by in-line
+**     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
+**     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
+**     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
+**
 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
@@ -16439,7 +17291,7 @@ struct FuncDestructor {
 **   PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
 **     Used for "pure" date/time functions, this macro is like DFUNCTION
 **     except that it does set the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flags.  iArg is
-**     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an 
+**     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an
 **     arbitrary non-NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
 **
 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
@@ -16468,6 +17320,16 @@ struct FuncDestructor {
 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
+#define SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
+  {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE, \
+   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
+#define INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
+  {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
+   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
+#define TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
+  {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_FUNC_TEST| \
+         SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
+   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
@@ -16483,16 +17345,13 @@ struct FuncDestructor {
 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
-#define AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue) \
-  {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
-   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,0,#zName, {0}}
-#define AGGREGATE2(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, extraFlags) \
-  {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags, \
-   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xFinal,0,#zName, {0}}
-
 #define WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, f) \
   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|f, \
    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,xInverse,#zName, {0}}
+#define INTERNAL_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, xFunc) \
+  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
+   0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
+
 
 /*
 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
@@ -16524,32 +17383,53 @@ struct Savepoint {
 struct Module {
   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
+  int nRefModule;                      /* Number of pointers to this object */
   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
 };
 
 /*
-** information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
-** of this structure.
+** Information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
+** of the Column structure, in the Table.aCol[] array.
+**
+** Definitions:
+**
+**   "table column index"     This is the index of the column in the
+**                            Table.aCol[] array, and also the index of
+**                            the column in the original CREATE TABLE stmt.
+**
+**   "storage column index"   This is the index of the column in the
+**                            record BLOB generated by the OP_MakeRecord
+**                            opcode.  The storage column index is less than
+**                            or equal to the table column index.  It is
+**                            equal if and only if there are no VIRTUAL
+**                            columns to the left.
 */
 struct Column {
   char *zName;     /* Name of this column, \000, then the type */
-  Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value of this column */
+  Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value or GENERATED ALWAYS AS value */
   char *zColl;     /* Collating sequence.  If NULL, use the default */
   u8 notNull;      /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
   char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
   u8 szEst;        /* Estimated size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
-  u8 colFlags;     /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
+  u8 hName;        /* Column name hash for faster lookup */
+  u16 colFlags;    /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
 };
 
 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags:
 */
-#define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY  0x0001    /* Column is part of the primary key */
-#define COLFLAG_HIDDEN   0x0002    /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
-#define COLFLAG_HASTYPE  0x0004    /* Type name follows column name */
-#define COLFLAG_UNIQUE   0x0008    /* Column def contains "UNIQUE" or "PK" */
+#define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY   0x0001   /* Column is part of the primary key */
+#define COLFLAG_HIDDEN    0x0002   /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
+#define COLFLAG_HASTYPE   0x0004   /* Type name follows column name */
+#define COLFLAG_UNIQUE    0x0008   /* Column def contains "UNIQUE" or "PK" */
 #define COLFLAG_SORTERREF 0x0010   /* Use sorter-refs with this column */
+#define COLFLAG_VIRTUAL   0x0020   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... VIRTUAL */
+#define COLFLAG_STORED    0x0040   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... STORED */
+#define COLFLAG_NOTAVAIL  0x0080   /* STORED column not yet calculated */
+#define COLFLAG_BUSY      0x0100   /* Blocks recursion on GENERATED columns */
+#define COLFLAG_GENERATED 0x0060   /* Combo: _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
+#define COLFLAG_NOINSERT  0x0062   /* Combo: _HIDDEN, _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
 
 /*
 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
@@ -16589,11 +17469,12 @@ struct CollSeq {
 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
 */
-#define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     'A'
-#define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     'B'
-#define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  'C'
-#define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  'D'
-#define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     'E'
+#define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     0x40  /* '@' */
+#define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     0x41  /* 'A' */
+#define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     0x42  /* 'B' */
+#define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  0x43  /* 'C' */
+#define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  0x44  /* 'D' */
+#define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     0x45  /* 'E' */
 
 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
 
@@ -16666,10 +17547,17 @@ struct VTable {
   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
+  u8 eVtabRisk;             /* Riskiness of allowing hacker access */
   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
 };
 
+/* Allowed values for VTable.eVtabRisk
+*/
+#define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Low          0
+#define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Normal       1
+#define SQLITE_VTABRISK_High         2
+
 /*
 ** The schema for each SQL table and view is represented in memory
 ** by an instance of the following structure.
@@ -16683,11 +17571,12 @@ struct Table {
   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
-  int tnum;            /* Root BTree page for this table */
+  Pgno tnum;           /* Root BTree page for this table */
   u32 nTabRef;         /* Number of pointers to this Table */
   u32 tabFlags;        /* Mask of TF_* values */
   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
+  i16 nNVCol;          /* Number of columns that are not VIRTUAL */
   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
@@ -16714,19 +17603,29 @@ struct Table {
 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
-** special handling during INSERT processing.
+** special handling during INSERT processing. The "OOO" means "Out Of Order".
+**
+** Constraints:
+**
+**         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_Virtual
+**         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_Stored
 */
 #define TF_Readonly        0x0001    /* Read-only system table */
 #define TF_Ephemeral       0x0002    /* An ephemeral table */
 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x0004    /* Table has a primary key */
 #define TF_Autoincrement   0x0008    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
 #define TF_HasStat1        0x0010    /* nRowLogEst set from sqlite_stat1 */
-#define TF_WithoutRowid    0x0020    /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
-#define TF_NoVisibleRowid  0x0040    /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
-#define TF_OOOHidden       0x0080    /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
+#define TF_HasVirtual      0x0020    /* Has one or more VIRTUAL columns */
+#define TF_HasStored       0x0040    /* Has one or more STORED columns */
+#define TF_HasGenerated    0x0060    /* Combo: HasVirtual + HasStored */
+#define TF_WithoutRowid    0x0080    /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
 #define TF_StatsUsed       0x0100    /* Query planner decisions affected by
                                      ** Index.aiRowLogEst[] values */
-#define TF_HasNotNull      0x0200    /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
+#define TF_NoVisibleRowid  0x0200    /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
+#define TF_OOOHidden       0x0400    /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
+#define TF_HasNotNull      0x0800    /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
+#define TF_Shadow          0x1000    /* True for a shadow table */
+#define TF_HasStat4        0x2000    /* STAT4 info available for this table */
 
 /*
 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
@@ -16735,8 +17634,11 @@ struct Table {
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
 #  define IsVirtual(X)      ((X)->nModuleArg)
+#  define ExprIsVtab(X)  \
+              ((X)->op==TK_COLUMN && (X)->y.pTab!=0 && (X)->y.pTab->nModuleArg)
 #else
 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
+#  define ExprIsVtab(X)     0
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -16860,10 +17762,16 @@ struct KeyInfo {
   u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
   u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
-  u8 *aSortOrder;     /* Sort order for each column. */
+  u8 *aSortFlags;     /* Sort order for each column. */
   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
 };
 
+/*
+** Allowed bit values for entries in the KeyInfo.aSortFlags[] array.
+*/
+#define KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC    0x01    /* DESC sort order */
+#define KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL 0x02    /* NULL is larger than any other value */
+
 /*
 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
@@ -16938,7 +17846,7 @@ struct UnpackedRecord {
 ** element.
 **
 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
-** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_master
+** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_schema
 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
@@ -16957,12 +17865,12 @@ struct Index {
   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
-  int tnum;                /* DB Page containing root of this index */
+  Pgno tnum;               /* DB Page containing root of this index */
   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
-  unsigned idxType:2;      /* 1==UNIQUE, 2==PRIMARY KEY, 0==CREATE INDEX */
+  unsigned idxType:2;      /* 0:Normal 1:UNIQUE, 2:PRIMARY KEY, 3:IPK */
   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
@@ -16970,7 +17878,9 @@ struct Index {
   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
   unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+  unsigned bAscKeyBug:1;   /* True if the bba7b69f9849b5bf bug applies */
+  unsigned bHasVCol:1;     /* Index references one or more VIRTUAL columns */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
@@ -16987,6 +17897,7 @@ struct Index {
 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
+#define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK         3   /* INTEGER PRIMARY KEY index */
 
 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
@@ -17001,7 +17912,7 @@ struct Index {
 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
 
 /*
-** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat3 table is represented in memory
+** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat4 table is represented in memory
 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
 */
@@ -17013,6 +17924,12 @@ struct IndexSample {
   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
 };
 
+/*
+** Possible values to use within the flags argument to sqlite3GetToken().
+*/
+#define SQLITE_TOKEN_QUOTED    0x1 /* Token is a quoted identifier. */
+#define SQLITE_TOKEN_KEYWORD   0x2 /* Token is a keyword. */
+
 /*
 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
@@ -17033,7 +17950,7 @@ struct Token {
 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
 **
 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
-** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iColumn field is the index in
+** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iAgg field is the index in
 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
 ** code for that node.
 **
@@ -17053,23 +17970,25 @@ struct AggInfo {
   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
+    Expr *pCExpr;            /* The original expression */
     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
-    int iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
-    int iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
-    Expr *pExpr;             /* The original expression */
+    i16 iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
+    i16 iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
   } *aCol;
   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
                           ** aggregate functions */
   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
-    Expr *pExpr;             /* Expression encoding the function */
+    Expr *pFExpr;            /* Expression encoding the function */
     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
   } *aFunc;
   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
+  u32 selId;              /* Select to which this AggInfo belongs */
+  AggInfo *pNext;         /* Next in list of them all */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -17079,10 +17998,10 @@ struct AggInfo {
 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
-** to have prepared statements with over 32767 variables, and for them
+** to have prepared statements with over 32766 variables, and for them
 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
 */
-#if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<=32767
+#if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<32767
 typedef i16 ynVar;
 #else
 typedef int ynVar;
@@ -17153,7 +18072,14 @@ typedef int ynVar;
 */
 struct Expr {
   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
-  char affinity;         /* The affinity of the column or 0 if not a column */
+  char affExpr;          /* affinity, or RAISE type */
+  u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER/TK_TRUTH: original value of Expr.op
+                         ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
+                         ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth
+                         ** TK_FUNCTION: NC_SelfRef flag if needs OP_PureFunc */
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  u8 vvaFlags;           /* Verification flags. */
+#endif
   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
   union {
     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
@@ -17184,50 +18110,65 @@ struct Expr {
                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood
+                         ** TK_IN: ephemerial table holding RHS
+                         ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: Number of columns on the LHS
                          ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
   i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
-  u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER: original value of Expr.op
-                         ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
-                         ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth */
   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
-  Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions.  Can be NULL
-                         ** for a column of an index on an expression */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-  Window *pWin;          /* Window definition for window functions */
-#endif
+  union {
+    Table *pTab;           /* TK_COLUMN: Table containing column. Can be NULL
+                           ** for a column of an index on an expression */
+    Window *pWin;          /* EP_WinFunc: Window/Filter defn for a function */
+    struct {               /* TK_IN, TK_SELECT, and TK_EXISTS */
+      int iAddr;             /* Subroutine entry address */
+      int regReturn;         /* Register used to hold return address */
+    } sub;
+  } y;
 };
 
 /*
 ** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
-*/
-#define EP_FromJoin  0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
-#define EP_Agg       0x000002 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
-#define EP_HasFunc   0x000004 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
-#define EP_FixedCol  0x000008 /* TK_Column with a known fixed value */
-#define EP_Distinct  0x000010 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
-#define EP_VarSelect 0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
-#define EP_DblQuoted 0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
-#define EP_InfixFunc 0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
-#define EP_Collate   0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
-#define EP_Generic   0x000200 /* Ignore COLLATE or affinity on this tree */
-#define EP_IntValue  0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
-#define EP_xIsSelect 0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
-#define EP_Skip      0x001000 /* COLLATE, AS, or UNLIKELY */
-#define EP_Reduced   0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
-#define EP_TokenOnly 0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
-#define EP_Static    0x008000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
-#define EP_MemToken  0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
-#define EP_NoReduce  0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
-#define EP_Unlikely  0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
-#define EP_ConstFunc 0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
-#define EP_CanBeNull 0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
-#define EP_Subquery  0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
-#define EP_Alias     0x400000 /* Is an alias for a result set column */
-#define EP_Leaf      0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
+** Value restrictions:
+**
+**          EP_Agg == NC_HasAgg == SF_HasAgg
+**          EP_Win == NC_HasWin
+*/
+#define EP_FromJoin   0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
+#define EP_Distinct   0x000002 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
+#define EP_HasFunc    0x000004 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
+#define EP_FixedCol   0x000008 /* TK_Column with a known fixed value */
+#define EP_Agg        0x000010 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
+#define EP_VarSelect  0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
+#define EP_DblQuoted  0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
+#define EP_InfixFunc  0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
+#define EP_Collate    0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
+#define EP_Commuted   0x000200 /* Comparison operator has been commuted */
+#define EP_IntValue   0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
+#define EP_xIsSelect  0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
+#define EP_Skip       0x001000 /* Operator does not contribute to affinity */
+#define EP_Reduced    0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
+#define EP_TokenOnly  0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
+#define EP_Win        0x008000 /* Contains window functions */
+#define EP_MemToken   0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
+#define EP_IfNullRow  0x020000 /* The TK_IF_NULL_ROW opcode */
+#define EP_Unlikely   0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
+#define EP_ConstFunc  0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
+#define EP_CanBeNull  0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
+#define EP_Subquery   0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
+#define EP_Alias      0x400000 /* Is an alias for a result set column */
+#define EP_Leaf       0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
+#define EP_WinFunc   0x1000000 /* TK_FUNCTION with Expr.y.pWin set */
+#define EP_Subrtn    0x2000000 /* Uses Expr.y.sub. TK_IN, _SELECT, or _EXISTS */
+#define EP_Quoted    0x4000000 /* TK_ID was originally quoted */
+#define EP_Static    0x8000000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
+#define EP_IsTrue   0x10000000 /* Always has boolean value of TRUE */
+#define EP_IsFalse  0x20000000 /* Always has boolean value of FALSE */
+#define EP_FromDDL  0x40000000 /* Originates from sqlite_schema */
+               /*   0x80000000 // Available */
 
 /*
 ** The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
@@ -17243,15 +18184,27 @@ struct Expr {
 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
+#define ExprAlwaysTrue(E)   (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsTrue))==EP_IsTrue)
+#define ExprAlwaysFalse(E)  (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsFalse))==EP_IsFalse)
+
+
+/* Flags for use with Expr.vvaFlags
+*/
+#define EP_NoReduce   0x01  /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
+#define EP_Immutable  0x02  /* Do not change this Expr node */
 
 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-# define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)  (E)->flags|=(P)
+# define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)   (E)->vvaFlags|=(P)
+# define ExprHasVVAProperty(E,P)   (((E)->vvaFlags&(P))!=0)
+# define ExprClearVVAProperties(E) (E)->vvaFlags = 0
 #else
 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
+# define ExprHasVVAProperty(E,P)   0
+# define ExprClearVVAProperties(E)
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -17269,6 +18222,18 @@ struct Expr {
 */
 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
 
+/*
+** True if the expression passed as an argument was a function with
+** an OVER() clause (a window function).
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+# define IsWindowFunc(p) 0
+#else
+# define IsWindowFunc(p) ( \
+    ExprHasProperty((p), EP_WinFunc) && p->y.pWin->eFrmType!=TK_FILTER \
+ )
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
@@ -17277,25 +18242,31 @@ struct Expr {
 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
 ** field is not used.
 **
-** By default the Expr.zSpan field holds a human-readable description of
-** the expression that is used in the generation of error messages and
-** column labels.  In this case, Expr.zSpan is typically the text of a
-** column expression as it exists in a SELECT statement.  However, if
-** the bSpanIsTab flag is set, then zSpan is overloaded to mean the name
-** of the result column in the form: DATABASE.TABLE.COLUMN.  This later
-** form is used for name resolution with nested FROM clauses.
+** In order to try to keep memory usage down, the Expr.a.zEName field
+** is used for multiple purposes:
+**
+**     eEName          Usage
+**    ----------       -------------------------
+**    ENAME_NAME       (1) the AS of result set column
+**                     (2) COLUMN= of an UPDATE
+**
+**    ENAME_TAB        DB.TABLE.NAME used to resolve names
+**                     of subqueries
+**
+**    ENAME_SPAN       Text of the original result set
+**                     expression.
 */
 struct ExprList {
   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
-    char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
-    char *zSpan;            /* Original text of the expression */
-    u8 sortOrder;           /* 1 for DESC or 0 for ASC */
+    char *zEName;           /* Token associated with this expression */
+    u8 sortFlags;           /* Mask of KEYINFO_ORDER_* flags */
+    unsigned eEName :2;     /* Meaning of zEName */
     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
-    unsigned bSpanIsTab :1; /* zSpan holds DB.TABLE.COLUMN */
     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
     unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */
+    unsigned bNulls: 1;     /* True if explicit "NULLS FIRST/LAST" */
     union {
       struct {
         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
@@ -17306,6 +18277,13 @@ struct ExprList {
   } a[1];                  /* One slot for each expression in the list */
 };
 
+/*
+** Allowed values for Expr.a.eEName
+*/
+#define ENAME_NAME  0       /* The AS clause of a result set */
+#define ENAME_SPAN  1       /* Complete text of the result set expression */
+#define ENAME_TAB   2       /* "DB.TABLE.NAME" for the result set */
+
 /*
 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
@@ -17369,6 +18347,7 @@ struct SrcList {
       unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
       unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
       unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
+      unsigned fromDDL :1;       /* Comes from sqlite_schema */
     } fg;
     int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
     Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
@@ -17413,9 +18392,9 @@ struct SrcList {
 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
-#define WHERE_SEEK_TABLE       0x0400 /* Do not defer seeks on main table */
+                        /*     0x0400    not currently used */
 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
-#define WHERE_SEEK_UNIQ_TABLE  0x1000 /* Do not defer seeks if unique */
+                        /*     0x1000    not currently used */
                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
@@ -17459,7 +18438,7 @@ struct NameContext {
   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
   int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
-  u16 ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
+  int ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
   Select *pWinSelect;  /* SELECT statement for any window functions */
 };
 
@@ -17467,23 +18446,29 @@ struct NameContext {
 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
 **
 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
-**    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg
+**    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg    == EP_Agg
 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
-**
-*/
-#define NC_AllowAgg  0x0001  /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
-#define NC_PartIdx   0x0002  /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
-#define NC_IsCheck   0x0004  /* True if resolving names in a CHECK constraint */
-#define NC_InAggFunc 0x0008  /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
-#define NC_HasAgg    0x0010  /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
-#define NC_IdxExpr   0x0020  /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
-#define NC_VarSelect 0x0040  /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
-#define NC_UEList    0x0080  /* True if uNC.pEList is used */
-#define NC_UAggInfo  0x0100  /* True if uNC.pAggInfo is used */
-#define NC_UUpsert   0x0200  /* True if uNC.pUpsert is used */
-#define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x1000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
-#define NC_Complex   0x2000  /* True if a function or subquery seen */
-#define NC_AllowWin  0x4000  /* Window functions are allowed here */
+**    NC_HasWin    == EP_Win
+**
+*/
+#define NC_AllowAgg  0x00001  /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
+#define NC_PartIdx   0x00002  /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
+#define NC_IsCheck   0x00004  /* True if resolving a CHECK constraint */
+#define NC_GenCol    0x00008  /* True for a GENERATED ALWAYS AS clause */
+#define NC_HasAgg    0x00010  /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
+#define NC_IdxExpr   0x00020  /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
+#define NC_SelfRef   0x0002e  /* Combo: PartIdx, isCheck, GenCol, and IdxExpr */
+#define NC_VarSelect 0x00040  /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
+#define NC_UEList    0x00080  /* True if uNC.pEList is used */
+#define NC_UAggInfo  0x00100  /* True if uNC.pAggInfo is used */
+#define NC_UUpsert   0x00200  /* True if uNC.pUpsert is used */
+#define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x01000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
+#define NC_Complex   0x02000  /* True if a function or subquery seen */
+#define NC_AllowWin  0x04000  /* Window functions are allowed here */
+#define NC_HasWin    0x08000  /* One or more window functions seen */
+#define NC_IsDDL     0x10000  /* Resolving names in a CREATE statement */
+#define NC_InAggFunc 0x20000  /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
+#define NC_FromDDL   0x40000  /* SQL text comes from sqlite_schema */
 
 /*
 ** An instance of the following object describes a single ON CONFLICT
@@ -17494,7 +18479,7 @@ struct NameContext {
 ** conflict-target clause.)  The pUpsertTargetWhere is the optional
 ** WHERE clause used to identify partial unique indexes.
 **
-** pUpsertSet is the list of column=expr terms of the UPDATE statement. 
+** pUpsertSet is the list of column=expr terms of the UPDATE statement.
 ** The pUpsertSet field is NULL for a ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.  The
 ** pUpsertWhere is the WHERE clause for the UPDATE and is NULL if the
 ** WHERE clause is omitted.
@@ -17533,13 +18518,13 @@ struct Upsert {
 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
 */
 struct Select {
-  ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
   u32 selId;             /* Unique identifier number for this SELECT */
   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
+  ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
@@ -17564,25 +18549,30 @@ struct Select {
 **     SF_MinMaxAgg  == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
 **     SF_FixedLimit == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
 */
-#define SF_Distinct       0x00001  /* Output should be DISTINCT */
-#define SF_All            0x00002  /* Includes the ALL keyword */
-#define SF_Resolved       0x00004  /* Identifiers have been resolved */
-#define SF_Aggregate      0x00008  /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
-#define SF_HasAgg         0x00010  /* Contains aggregate functions */
-#define SF_UsesEphemeral  0x00020  /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
-#define SF_Expanded       0x00040  /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
-#define SF_HasTypeInfo    0x00080  /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
-#define SF_Compound       0x00100  /* Part of a compound query */
-#define SF_Values         0x00200  /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
-#define SF_MultiValue     0x00400  /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
-#define SF_NestedFrom     0x00800  /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
-#define SF_MinMaxAgg      0x01000  /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
-#define SF_Recursive      0x02000  /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
-#define SF_FixedLimit     0x04000  /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
-#define SF_MaybeConvert   0x08000  /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
-#define SF_Converted      0x10000  /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
-#define SF_IncludeHidden  0x20000  /* Include hidden columns in output */
-#define SF_ComplexResult  0x40000  /* Result contains subquery or function */
+#define SF_Distinct      0x0000001 /* Output should be DISTINCT */
+#define SF_All           0x0000002 /* Includes the ALL keyword */
+#define SF_Resolved      0x0000004 /* Identifiers have been resolved */
+#define SF_Aggregate     0x0000008 /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
+#define SF_HasAgg        0x0000010 /* Contains aggregate functions */
+#define SF_UsesEphemeral 0x0000020 /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
+#define SF_Expanded      0x0000040 /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
+#define SF_HasTypeInfo   0x0000080 /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
+#define SF_Compound      0x0000100 /* Part of a compound query */
+#define SF_Values        0x0000200 /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
+#define SF_MultiValue    0x0000400 /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
+#define SF_NestedFrom    0x0000800 /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
+#define SF_MinMaxAgg     0x0001000 /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
+#define SF_Recursive     0x0002000 /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
+#define SF_FixedLimit    0x0004000 /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
+#define SF_MaybeConvert  0x0008000 /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
+#define SF_Converted     0x0010000 /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
+#define SF_IncludeHidden 0x0020000 /* Include hidden columns in output */
+#define SF_ComplexResult 0x0040000 /* Result contains subquery or function */
+#define SF_WhereBegin    0x0080000 /* Really a WhereBegin() call.  Debug Only */
+#define SF_WinRewrite    0x0100000 /* Window function rewrite accomplished */
+#define SF_View          0x0200000 /* SELECT statement is a view */
+#define SF_NoopOrderBy   0x0400000 /* ORDER BY is ignored for this query */
+#define SF_UpdateFrom    0x0800000 /* Statement is an UPDATE...FROM */
 
 /*
 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
@@ -17601,9 +18591,6 @@ struct Select {
 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
 **                     the side-effects of functions.
 **
-** All of the above are free to ignore their ORDER BY clause. Those that
-** follow must honor the ORDER BY clause.
-**
 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
 **
@@ -17647,18 +18634,31 @@ struct Select {
 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
+**
+**     SRT_Upfrom      Store results in the temporary table already opened by
+**                     pDest->iSDParm. If (pDest->iSDParm<0), then the temp
+**                     table is an intkey table - in this case the first
+**                     column returned by the SELECT is used as the integer
+**                     key. If (pDest->iSDParm>0), then the table is an index
+**                     table. (pDest->iSDParm) is the number of key columns in
+**                     each index record in this case.
 */
 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
-#define SRT_Fifo         5  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
-#define SRT_DistFifo     6  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
+#define SRT_DistFifo     5  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
+#define SRT_DistQueue    6  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
+
+/* The DISTINCT clause is ignored for all of the above.  Not that
+** IgnorableDistinct() implies IgnorableOrderby() */
+#define IgnorableDistinct(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
+
 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
-#define SRT_DistQueue    8  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
+#define SRT_Fifo         8  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
 
 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
-#define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
+#define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_Fifo)
 
 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
@@ -17666,14 +18666,16 @@ struct Select {
 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
+#define SRT_Upfrom      15  /* Store result as data with rowid */
 
 /*
 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
 ** a SELECT statement.
 */
 struct SelectDest {
-  u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
+  u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  One of SRT_* above. */
   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
+  int iSDParm2;        /* A second parameter for the eDest disposal method */
   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
   char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
@@ -17771,16 +18773,17 @@ struct Parse {
   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
+  u8 disableVtab;      /* Disable all virtual tables for this parse */
   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
-  int nOpAlloc;        /* Number of slots allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
   int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
                        ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
-  int nLabel;          /* Number of labels used */
+  int nLabel;          /* The *negative* of the number of labels used */
+  int nLabelAlloc;     /* Number of slots in aLabel */
   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
@@ -17797,6 +18800,8 @@ struct Parse {
   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
+  Parse *pParentParse; /* Parent parser if this parser is nested */
+  AggInfo *pAggList;   /* List of all AggInfo objects */
   int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateBtree opcode on CREATE TABLE */
   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
@@ -17826,9 +18831,7 @@ struct Parse {
   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
-#if !(defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE))
   u8 eParseMode;            /* PARSE_MODE_XXX constant */
-#endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
 #endif
@@ -17840,7 +18843,9 @@ struct Parse {
   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
-  Index *pNewIndex;         /* An index being constructed by CREATE INDEX */
+  Index *pNewIndex;         /* An index being constructed by CREATE INDEX.
+                            ** Also used to hold redundant UNIQUE constraints
+                            ** during a RENAME COLUMN */
   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
@@ -17858,8 +18863,8 @@ struct Parse {
 
 #define PARSE_MODE_NORMAL        0
 #define PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB  1
-#define PARSE_MODE_RENAME_COLUMN 2
-#define PARSE_MODE_RENAME_TABLE  3
+#define PARSE_MODE_RENAME        2
+#define PARSE_MODE_UNMAP         3
 
 /*
 ** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
@@ -17881,7 +18886,7 @@ struct Parse {
 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT 0
 #else
-  #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT (pParse->eParseMode>=PARSE_MODE_RENAME_COLUMN)
+  #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT (pParse->eParseMode>=PARSE_MODE_RENAME)
 #endif
 
 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
@@ -17913,6 +18918,7 @@ struct AuthContext {
 */
 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
+#define OPFLAG_NOCHNG        0x01    /* OP_VColumn nochange for UPDATE */
 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x20    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
@@ -18013,6 +19019,7 @@ struct TriggerStep {
   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
+  SrcList *pFrom;      /* FROM clause for UPDATE statement (if any) */
   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE */
   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
@@ -18031,7 +19038,7 @@ typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
 struct DbFixer {
   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
-  int bVarOnly;       /* Check for variable references only */
+  u8 bTemp;           /* True for TEMP schema entries */
   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
@@ -18067,6 +19074,8 @@ typedef struct {
   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
   u32 mInitFlags;     /* Flags controlling error messages */
+  u32 nInitRow;       /* Number of rows processed */
+  Pgno mxPage;        /* Maximum page number.  0 for no limit. */
 } InitData;
 
 /*
@@ -18081,11 +19090,12 @@ typedef struct {
 */
 struct Sqlite3Config {
   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
-  int bCoreMutex;                   /* True to enable core mutexing */
-  int bFullMutex;                   /* True to enable full mutexing */
-  int bOpenUri;                     /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
-  int bUseCis;                      /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
-  int bSmallMalloc;                 /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
+  u8 bCoreMutex;                    /* True to enable core mutexing */
+  u8 bFullMutex;                    /* True to enable full mutexing */
+  u8 bOpenUri;                      /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
+  u8 bUseCis;                       /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
+  u8 bSmallMalloc;                  /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
+  u8 bExtraSchemaChecks;            /* Verify type,name,tbl_name in schema */
   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
@@ -18127,12 +19137,16 @@ struct Sqlite3Config {
   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,unsigned iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
 #endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE
+  sqlite3_int64 mxMemdbSize;        /* Default max memdb size */
+#endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
 #endif
   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
   u32 szSorterRef;                  /* Min size in bytes to use sorter-refs */
+  unsigned int iPrngSeed;           /* Alternative fixed seed for the PRNG */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -18162,7 +19176,7 @@ struct Walker {
   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
-  u8 eCode;                                 /* A small processing code */
+  u16 eCode;                                /* A small processing code */
   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
     NameContext *pNC;                         /* Naming context */
     int n;                                    /* A counter */
@@ -18178,6 +19192,8 @@ struct Walker {
     struct WindowRewrite *pRewrite;           /* Window rewrite context */
     struct WhereConst *pConst;                /* WHERE clause constants */
     struct RenameCtx *pRename;                /* RENAME COLUMN context */
+    struct Table *pTab;                       /* Table of generated column */
+    struct SrcList_item *pSrcItem;            /* A single FROM clause item */
   } u;
 };
 
@@ -18190,6 +19206,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker*, Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker*, Select*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkerDepthIncrease(Walker*,Select*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WalkerDepthDecrease(Walker*,Select*);
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker*, Select*);
 #endif
@@ -18229,10 +19248,11 @@ struct TreeView {
 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
 
 /*
-** This object is used in varioius ways, all related to window functions
+** This object is used in various ways, most (but not all) related to window
+** functions.
 **
 **   (1) A single instance of this structure is attached to the
-**       the Expr.pWin field for each window function in an expression tree.
+**       the Expr.y.pWin field for each window function in an expression tree.
 **       This object holds the information contained in the OVER clause,
 **       plus additional fields used during code generation.
 **
@@ -18243,40 +19263,54 @@ struct TreeView {
 **   (3) The terms of the WINDOW clause of a SELECT are instances of this
 **       object on a linked list attached to Select.pWinDefn.
 **
+**   (4) For an aggregate function with a FILTER clause, an instance
+**       of this object is stored in Expr.y.pWin with eFrmType set to
+**       TK_FILTER. In this case the only field used is Window.pFilter.
+**
 ** The uses (1) and (2) are really the same Window object that just happens
-** to be accessible in two different ways.  Use (3) is are separate objects.
+** to be accessible in two different ways.  Use case (3) are separate objects.
 */
 struct Window {
   char *zName;            /* Name of window (may be NULL) */
+  char *zBase;            /* Name of base window for chaining (may be NULL) */
   ExprList *pPartition;   /* PARTITION BY clause */
   ExprList *pOrderBy;     /* ORDER BY clause */
-  u8 eType;               /* TK_RANGE or TK_ROWS */
+  u8 eFrmType;            /* TK_RANGE, TK_GROUPS, TK_ROWS, or 0 */
   u8 eStart;              /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
   u8 eEnd;                /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
+  u8 bImplicitFrame;      /* True if frame was implicitly specified */
+  u8 eExclude;            /* TK_NO, TK_CURRENT, TK_TIES, TK_GROUP, or 0 */
   Expr *pStart;           /* Expression for "<expr> PRECEDING" */
   Expr *pEnd;             /* Expression for "<expr> FOLLOWING" */
+  Window **ppThis;        /* Pointer to this object in Select.pWin list */
   Window *pNextWin;       /* Next window function belonging to this SELECT */
   Expr *pFilter;          /* The FILTER expression */
   FuncDef *pFunc;         /* The function */
   int iEphCsr;            /* Partition buffer or Peer buffer */
-  int regAccum;
-  int regResult;
+  int regAccum;           /* Accumulator */
+  int regResult;          /* Interim result */
   int csrApp;             /* Function cursor (used by min/max) */
   int regApp;             /* Function register (also used by min/max) */
-  int regPart;            /* First in a set of registers holding PARTITION BY
-                          ** and ORDER BY values for the window */
+  int regPart;            /* Array of registers for PARTITION BY values */
   Expr *pOwner;           /* Expression object this window is attached to */
   int nBufferCol;         /* Number of columns in buffer table */
   int iArgCol;            /* Offset of first argument for this function */
+  int regOne;             /* Register containing constant value 1 */
+  int regStartRowid;
+  int regEndRowid;
+  u8 bExprArgs;           /* Defer evaluation of window function arguments
+                          ** due to the SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag */
 };
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowDelete(sqlite3*, Window*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowUnlinkFromSelect(Window*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowListDelete(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(Parse*, int, int, Expr*, int , Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(Parse*, int, int, Expr*, int , Expr*, u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowAttach(Parse*, Expr*, Window*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WindowCompare(Parse*, Window*, Window*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse*, Window*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowLink(Select *pSel, Window *pWin);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WindowCompare(Parse*, Window*, Window*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse*, Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowCodeStep(Parse*, Select*, WhereInfo*, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WindowRewrite(Parse*, Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExpandSubquery(Parse*, struct SrcList_item*);
@@ -18284,6 +19318,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowUpdate(Parse*, Window*, Window*, FuncDef*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Window *sqlite3WindowDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pOwner, Window *p);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Window *sqlite3WindowListDup(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowFunctions(void);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowChain(Parse*, Window*, Window*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Window *sqlite3WindowAssemble(Parse*, Window*, ExprList*, ExprList*, Token*);
 #else
 # define sqlite3WindowDelete(a,b)
 # define sqlite3WindowFunctions()
@@ -18317,13 +19353,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
-# define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
 #else
 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
+#endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CORRUPT_PGNO)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
+# define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
+#else
 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
 #endif
 
@@ -18384,6 +19423,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
+#define sqlite3Strlen30NN(C) (strlen(C)&0x3fffffff)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
 
@@ -18472,8 +19512,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
 #endif
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
+# define EXP754 (((u64)0x7ff)<<52)
+# define MAN754 ((((u64)1)<<52)-1)
+# define IsNaN(X) (((X)&EXP754)==EXP754 && ((X)&MAN754)!=0)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
 #else
+# define IsNaN(X)         0
 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
 #endif
 
@@ -18500,6 +19544,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(TreeView*, const SrcList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
@@ -18511,7 +19556,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3TreeViewWinFunc(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
@@ -18529,17 +19576,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3*,Expr*, Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprFunctionUsable(Parse*,Expr*,FuncDef*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(Index*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3*, int, char**, u32);
@@ -18553,11 +19604,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*,char);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*,char);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenSchemaTable(Parse *, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE i16 sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(Index*, i16);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE i16 sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(Index*, i16);
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+# define sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
+# define sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
+#else
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   i16 sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(Table*, i16);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   i16 sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(Table*, i16);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
@@ -18567,12 +19625,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*,Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*, const char*, const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,Expr*,const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddGenerated(Parse*,Expr*,Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u8,Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
+#define sqlite3CodecQueryParameters(A,B,C) 0
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
@@ -18622,11 +19682,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
 #endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int, Upsert*);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ComputeGeneratedColumns(Parse*, int, Table*);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(Parse*, IdList*, Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(sqlite3*, SrcList*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(sqlite3*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendList(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p1, SrcList *p2);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
@@ -18666,17 +19730,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereUsesDeferredSeek(WhereInfo*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeGeneratedColumn(Parse*, Column*, int);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(Parse*, Expr*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
@@ -18693,14 +19760,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,struct SrcList_ite
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*,Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int, sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompare(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*, Expr*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(Expr*,int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AggInfoPersistWalkerInit(Walker*,Parse*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
@@ -18718,6 +19786,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3IsTrueOrFalse(const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
@@ -18737,6 +19806,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(Expr*,int*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*,Upsert*);
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
@@ -18757,6 +19827,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3FunctionSearch(int,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
@@ -18788,13 +19859,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*,
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(Parse*,Token*, IdList*,
                                         Select*,u8,Upsert*,
                                         const char*,const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(Parse*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8,
-                                        const char*,const char*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(Parse*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,
+                                        Expr*, u8, const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(Parse*,Token*, Expr*,
                                         const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   SrcList *sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(Parse*, TriggerStep*);
 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
 #else
@@ -18808,9 +19880,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Tab
 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
+# define sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(A,B) 0
 #endif
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetJoinExpr(Expr*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
@@ -18825,6 +19899,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int)
 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
 #endif
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbIsNamed(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zName);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
@@ -18833,8 +19908,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RealSameAsInt(double,sqlite3_int64);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Int64ToText(i64,char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetUInt32(const char*, u32*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
@@ -18847,7 +19925,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
 #endif
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
-    defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4) || \
+    defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4) || \
     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
 #endif
@@ -18872,6 +19950,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
 */
 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
+#define getVarint32NR(A,B) \
+  B=(u32)*(A);if(B>=0x80)sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32*)&(B))
 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
@@ -18881,10 +19961,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3CompareAffinity(const Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(const Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(Table*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3ExprAffinity(const Expr *pExpr);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
@@ -18907,14 +19987,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsBinary(const CollSeq*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,Expr*,Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetTextEncoding(sqlite3 *db, u8);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,const Expr*,const Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *, const char *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WritableSchema(sqlite3*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse*, const char*,const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
@@ -18933,6 +20016,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
                         void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
+#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResultIntReal(sqlite3_context*);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
@@ -18944,17 +20030,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const Token sqlite3IntTokens[];
 SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
 SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
+SQLITE_API extern u32 sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PendingByte;
 #endif
-#endif
+#endif /* SQLITE_AMALGAMATION */
 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3NProfileCnt;
 #endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, int, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, Pgno, Pgno);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
@@ -18962,14 +20048,22 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr *, int, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeRhsOfIN(Parse*, Expr*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MatchSpanName(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MatchEName(
+  const struct ExprList_item*,
+  const char*,
+  const char*,
+  const char*
+);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3ExprColUsed(Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3StrIHash(const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
@@ -18981,7 +20075,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(Parse*, ExprList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, Column*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*, sqlite3_file*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
@@ -18997,16 +20091,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(Parse*, ExprList*);
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
 #endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
-  void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **), 
+  void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
-  void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **), 
+  void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
 );
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void*);
@@ -19029,8 +20124,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
 # define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
 #endif
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AnalyzeFunctions(void);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
     Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,int,int,int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
@@ -19060,7 +20154,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
 #endif
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, int, u8, const char *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, Pgno, u8, const char *);
 #else
   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
 #endif
@@ -19077,6 +20171,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
+#  define sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(D,X)
 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
@@ -19088,6 +20183,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE    void sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(sqlite3*,Module*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
@@ -19101,6 +20197,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE    Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
    );
 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
 #endif
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(sqlite3 *db);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3ShadowTableName(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(sqlite3*,Table*,const char*);
+#else
+# define sqlite3ShadowTableName(A,B) 0
+# define sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(A,B,C) 0
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
@@ -19117,9 +20221,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
+SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3Normalize(Vdbe*, const char*);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, Expr *, Expr *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(Parse*,const Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, const Expr*, const Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
@@ -19211,7 +20319,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*, int*);
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
@@ -19353,7 +20461,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 
 /* An array to map all upper-case characters into their corresponding
-** lower-case character. 
+** lower-case character.
 **
 ** SQLite only considers US-ASCII (or EBCDIC) characters.  We do not
 ** handle case conversions for the UTF character set since the tables
@@ -19420,12 +20528,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[] = {
 ** The equivalent of tolower() is implemented using the sqlite3UpperToLower[]
 ** array. tolower() is used more often than toupper() by SQLite.
 **
-** Bit 0x40 is set if the character is non-alphanumeric and can be used in an 
+** Bit 0x40 is set if the character is non-alphanumeric and can be used in an
 ** SQLite identifier.  Identifiers are alphanumerics, "_", "$", and any
 ** non-ASCII UTF character. Hence the test for whether or not a character is
 ** part of an identifier is 0x46.
 */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[256] = {
   0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 00..07    ........ */
   0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 08..0f    ........ */
@@ -19463,7 +20570,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[256] = {
   0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* f0..f7    ........ */
   0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40   /* f8..ff    ........ */
 };
-#endif
 
 /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-02982-34736 In order to maintain full backwards
 ** compatibility for legacy applications, the URI filename capability is
@@ -19475,24 +20581,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[256] = {
 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-43642-56306 By default, URI handling is globally
 ** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
 ** SQLITE_USE_URI symbol defined.
-**
-** URI filenames are enabled by default if SQLITE_HAS_CODEC is
-** enabled.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_USE_URI
-# ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-#  define SQLITE_USE_URI 1
-# else
-#  define SQLITE_USE_URI 0
-# endif
+# define SQLITE_USE_URI 0
 #endif
 
 /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-38720-18127 The default setting is determined by the
 ** SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN compile-time option, or is "on" if
 ** that compile-time option is omitted.
 */
-#ifndef SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
+#if !defined(SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN)
 # define SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 1
+#else
+# if !SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
+#   error "Compile-time disabling of covering index scan using the\
+ -DSQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN=0 option is deprecated.\
+ Contact SQLite developers if this is a problem for you, and\
+ delete this #error macro to continue with your build."
+# endif
 #endif
 
 /* The minimum PMA size is set to this value multiplied by the database
@@ -19510,7 +20616,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[256] = {
 ** if journal_mode=MEMORY or if temp_store=MEMORY, regardless of this
 ** setting.)
 */
-#ifndef SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL 
+#ifndef SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL
 # define SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL (64*1024)
 #endif
 
@@ -19521,12 +20627,28 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[256] = {
 ** changed as start-time using sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE)
 ** or at run-time for an individual database connection using
 ** sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE);
+**
+** With the two-size-lookaside enhancement, less lookaside is required.
+** The default configuration of 1200,40 actually provides 30 1200-byte slots
+** and 93 128-byte slots, which is more lookaside than is available
+** using the older 1200,100 configuration without two-size-lookaside.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE
-# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE 1200,100
+# ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
+#   define SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE 1200,100  /* 120KB of memory */
+# else
+#   define SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE 1200,40   /* 48KB of memory */
+# endif
 #endif
 
 
+/* The default maximum size of an in-memory database created using
+** sqlite3_deserialize()
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE
+# define SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE 1073741824
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** The following singleton contains the global configuration for
 ** the SQLite library.
@@ -19538,6 +20660,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config = {
    SQLITE_USE_URI,            /* bOpenUri */
    SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN,   /* bUseCis */
    0,                         /* bSmallMalloc */
+   1,                         /* bExtraSchemaChecks */
    0x7ffffffe,                /* mxStrlen */
    0,                         /* neverCorrupt */
    SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE,  /* szLookaside, nLookaside */
@@ -19574,12 +20697,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config = {
    0,                         /* xVdbeBranch */
    0,                         /* pVbeBranchArg */
 #endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE
+   SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE,   /* mxMemdbSize */
+#endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
    0,                         /* xTestCallback */
 #endif
    0,                         /* bLocaltimeFault */
    0x7ffffffe,                /* iOnceResetThreshold */
-   SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE   /* szSorterRef */
+   SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE,   /* szSorterRef */
+   0,                         /* iPrngSeed */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -19589,14 +20716,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config = {
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
 
-/*
-** Constant tokens for values 0 and 1.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const Token sqlite3IntTokens[] = {
-   { "0", 1 },
-   { "1", 1 }
-};
-
 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
 /*
 ** The following performance counter can be used in place of
@@ -19627,12 +20746,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3NProfileCnt = 0;
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PendingByte = 0x40000000;
 #endif
 
+/*
+** Flags for select tracing and the ".selecttrace" macro of the CLI
+*/
+SQLITE_API u32 sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace = 0;
+
 /* #include "opcodes.h" */
 /*
 ** Properties of opcodes.  The OPFLG_INITIALIZER macro is
 ** created by mkopcodeh.awk during compilation.  Data is obtained
 ** from the comments following the "case OP_xxxx:" statements in
-** the vdbe.c file.  
+** the vdbe.c file.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[] = OPFLG_INITIALIZER;
 
@@ -19694,7 +20818,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char sqlite3StrBINARY[] = "BINARY";
 ** "explain" P4 display logic is enabled.
 */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN) || !defined(NDEBUG) \
-     || defined(VDBE_PROFILE) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
+     || defined(VDBE_PROFILE) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
+     || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB)
 # define VDBE_DISPLAY_P4 1
 #else
 # define VDBE_DISPLAY_P4 0
@@ -19748,10 +20873,10 @@ struct VdbeCursor {
   Bool isEphemeral:1;     /* True for an ephemeral table */
   Bool useRandomRowid:1;  /* Generate new record numbers semi-randomly */
   Bool isOrdered:1;       /* True if the table is not BTREE_UNORDERED */
-  Bool seekHit:1;         /* See the OP_SeekHit and OP_IfNoHope opcodes */
+  u16 seekHit;            /* See the OP_SeekHit and OP_IfNoHope opcodes */
   Btree *pBtx;            /* Separate file holding temporary table */
   i64 seqCount;           /* Sequence counter */
-  int *aAltMap;           /* Mapping from table to index column numbers */
+  u32 *aAltMap;           /* Mapping from table to index column numbers */
 
   /* Cached OP_Column parse information is only valid if cacheStatus matches
   ** Vdbe.cacheCtr.  Vdbe.cacheCtr will never take on the value of
@@ -19803,7 +20928,7 @@ struct VdbeCursor {
 ** When a sub-program is executed (OP_Program), a structure of this type
 ** is allocated to store the current value of the program counter, as
 ** well as the current memory cell array and various other frame specific
-** values stored in the Vdbe struct. When the sub-program is finished, 
+** values stored in the Vdbe struct. When the sub-program is finished,
 ** these values are copied back to the Vdbe from the VdbeFrame structure,
 ** restoring the state of the VM to as it was before the sub-program
 ** began executing.
@@ -19900,7 +21025,7 @@ struct sqlite3_value {
 ** If the MEM_Str flag is set then Mem.z points at a string representation.
 ** Usually this is encoded in the same unicode encoding as the main
 ** database (see below for exceptions). If the MEM_Term flag is also
-** set, then the string is nul terminated. The MEM_Int and MEM_Real 
+** set, then the string is nul terminated. The MEM_Int and MEM_Real
 ** flags may coexist with the MEM_Str flag.
 */
 #define MEM_Null      0x0001   /* Value is NULL (or a pointer) */
@@ -19908,12 +21033,12 @@ struct sqlite3_value {
 #define MEM_Int       0x0004   /* Value is an integer */
 #define MEM_Real      0x0008   /* Value is a real number */
 #define MEM_Blob      0x0010   /* Value is a BLOB */
-#define MEM_AffMask   0x001f   /* Mask of affinity bits */
-/* Available          0x0020   */
-/* Available          0x0040   */
+#define MEM_IntReal   0x0020   /* MEM_Int that stringifies like MEM_Real */
+#define MEM_AffMask   0x003f   /* Mask of affinity bits */
+#define MEM_FromBind  0x0040   /* Value originates from sqlite3_bind() */
 #define MEM_Undefined 0x0080   /* Value is undefined */
 #define MEM_Cleared   0x0100   /* NULL set by OP_Null, not from data */
-#define MEM_TypeMask  0xc1ff   /* Mask of type bits */
+#define MEM_TypeMask  0xc1bf   /* Mask of type bits */
 
 
 /* Whenever Mem contains a valid string or blob representation, one of
@@ -19945,6 +21070,13 @@ struct sqlite3_value {
 #define MemSetTypeFlag(p, f) \
    ((p)->flags = ((p)->flags&~(MEM_TypeMask|MEM_Zero))|f)
 
+/*
+** True if Mem X is a NULL-nochng type.
+*/
+#define MemNullNochng(X) \
+  (((X)->flags&MEM_TypeMask)==(MEM_Null|MEM_Zero) \
+    && (X)->n==0 && (X)->u.nZero==0)
+
 /*
 ** Return true if a memory cell is not marked as invalid.  This macro
 ** is for use inside assert() statements only.
@@ -19954,7 +21086,7 @@ struct sqlite3_value {
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Each auxiliary data pointer stored by a user defined function 
+** Each auxiliary data pointer stored by a user defined function
 ** implementation calling sqlite3_set_auxdata() is stored in an instance
 ** of this structure. All such structures associated with a single VM
 ** are stored in a linked list headed at Vdbe.pAuxData. All are destroyed
@@ -19998,6 +21130,9 @@ struct sqlite3_context {
 */
 typedef unsigned bft;  /* Bit Field Type */
 
+/* The ScanStatus object holds a single value for the
+** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() interface.
+*/
 typedef struct ScanStatus ScanStatus;
 struct ScanStatus {
   int addrExplain;                /* OP_Explain for loop */
@@ -20008,6 +21143,19 @@ struct ScanStatus {
   char *zName;                    /* Name of table or index */
 };
 
+/* The DblquoteStr object holds the text of a double-quoted
+** string for a prepared statement.  A linked list of these objects
+** is constructed during statement parsing and is held on Vdbe.pDblStr.
+** When computing a normalized SQL statement for an SQL statement, that
+** list is consulted for each double-quoted identifier to see if the
+** identifier should really be a string literal.
+*/
+typedef struct DblquoteStr DblquoteStr;
+struct DblquoteStr {
+  DblquoteStr *pNextStr;   /* Next string literal in the list */
+  char z[8];               /* Dequoted value for the string */
+};
+
 /*
 ** An instance of the virtual machine.  This structure contains the complete
 ** state of the virtual machine.
@@ -20027,28 +21175,29 @@ struct Vdbe {
   int pc;                 /* The program counter */
   int rc;                 /* Value to return */
   int nChange;            /* Number of db changes made since last reset */
-  int iStatement;         /* Statement number (or 0 if has not opened stmt) */
+  int iStatement;         /* Statement number (or 0 if has no opened stmt) */
   i64 iCurrentTime;       /* Value of julianday('now') for this statement */
   i64 nFkConstraint;      /* Number of imm. FK constraints this VM */
   i64 nStmtDefCons;       /* Number of def. constraints when stmt started */
   i64 nStmtDefImmCons;    /* Number of def. imm constraints when stmt started */
+  Mem *aMem;              /* The memory locations */
+  Mem **apArg;            /* Arguments to currently executing user function */
+  VdbeCursor **apCsr;     /* One element of this array for each open cursor */
+  Mem *aVar;              /* Values for the OP_Variable opcode. */
 
   /* When allocating a new Vdbe object, all of the fields below should be
   ** initialized to zero or NULL */
 
   Op *aOp;                /* Space to hold the virtual machine's program */
-  Mem *aMem;              /* The memory locations */
-  Mem **apArg;            /* Arguments to currently executing user function */
+  int nOp;                /* Number of instructions in the program */
+  int nOpAlloc;           /* Slots allocated for aOp[] */
   Mem *aColName;          /* Column names to return */
   Mem *pResultSet;        /* Pointer to an array of results */
   char *zErrMsg;          /* Error message written here */
-  VdbeCursor **apCsr;     /* One element of this array for each open cursor */
-  Mem *aVar;              /* Values for the OP_Variable opcode. */
   VList *pVList;          /* Name of variables */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
   i64 startTime;          /* Time when query started - used for profiling */
 #endif
-  int nOp;                /* Number of instructions in the program */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   int rcApp;              /* errcode set by sqlite3_result_error_code() */
   u32 nWrite;             /* Number of write operations that have occurred */
@@ -20057,9 +21206,9 @@ struct Vdbe {
   u8 errorAction;         /* Recovery action to do in case of an error */
   u8 minWriteFileFormat;  /* Minimum file format for writable database files */
   u8 prepFlags;           /* SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
+  u8 doingRerun;          /* True if rerunning after an auto-reprepare */
   bft expired:2;          /* 1: recompile VM immediately  2: when convenient */
   bft explain:2;          /* True if EXPLAIN present on SQL command */
-  bft doingRerun:1;       /* True if rerunning after an auto-reprepare */
   bft changeCntOn:1;      /* True to update the change-counter */
   bft runOnlyOnce:1;      /* Automatically expire on reset */
   bft usesStmtJournal:1;  /* True if uses a statement journal */
@@ -20069,6 +21218,10 @@ struct Vdbe {
   yDbMask lockMask;       /* Subset of btreeMask that requires a lock */
   u32 aCounter[7];        /* Counters used by sqlite3_stmt_status() */
   char *zSql;             /* Text of the SQL statement that generated this */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
+  char *zNormSql;         /* Normalization of the associated SQL statement */
+  DblquoteStr *pDblStr;   /* List of double-quoted string literals */
+#endif
   void *pFree;            /* Free this when deleting the vdbe */
   VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* Parent frame */
   VdbeFrame *pDelFrame;   /* List of frame objects to free on VM reset */
@@ -20093,7 +21246,7 @@ struct Vdbe {
 #define VDBE_MAGIC_DEAD     0x5606c3c8    /* The VDBE has been deallocated */
 
 /*
-** Structure used to store the context required by the 
+** Structure used to store the context required by the
 ** sqlite3_preupdate_*() API functions.
 */
 struct PreUpdate {
@@ -20108,7 +21261,7 @@ struct PreUpdate {
   i64 iKey1;                      /* First key value passed to hook */
   i64 iKey2;                      /* Second key value passed to hook */
   Mem *aNew;                      /* Array of new.* values */
-  Table *pTab;                    /* Schema object being upated */          
+  Table *pTab;                    /* Schema object being upated */
   Index *pPk;                     /* PK index if pTab is WITHOUT ROWID */
 };
 
@@ -20118,11 +21271,11 @@ struct PreUpdate {
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeError(Vdbe*, const char *, ...);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(Vdbe *, VdbeCursor*);
 void sqliteVdbePopStack(Vdbe*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(VdbeCursor**, int*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int SQLITE_NOINLINE sqlite3VdbeFinishMoveto(VdbeCursor*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(VdbeCursor**, u32*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorRestore(VdbeCursor*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(u32);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3VdbeOneByteSerialTypeLen(u8);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialType(Mem*, int, u32*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(unsigned char*, Mem*, u32);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(const unsigned char*, u32, Mem*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(sqlite3*, AuxData**, int, int);
@@ -20131,7 +21284,16 @@ int sqlite2BtreeKeyCompare(BtCursor *, const void *, int, int, int *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(sqlite3*,VdbeCursor*,UnpackedRecord*,int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(sqlite3*, BtCursor*, i64*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExec(Vdbe*);
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeNextOpcode(Vdbe*,Mem*,int,int*,int*,Op**);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3VdbeDisplayP4(sqlite3*,Op*);
+#endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3VdbeDisplayComment(sqlite3*,const Op*,const char*);
+#endif
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeList(Vdbe*);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(Mem *, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(Mem*);
@@ -20163,14 +21325,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeBooleanValue(Mem*, int ifNull);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(Mem*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(Mem*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemCast(Mem*,u8,u8);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemCast(Mem*,u8,u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(BtCursor*,u32,u32,Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtreeZeroOffset(BtCursor*,u32,Mem*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(Mem *p);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(Mem*, FuncDef*);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemAggValue(Mem*, Mem*, FuncDef*);
 #endif
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(Mem *pMem, int n, int preserve);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(Mem *pMem, int n);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(Vdbe *, int);
@@ -20202,7 +21367,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeAssertAbortable(Vdbe*);
 # define sqlite3VdbeAssertAbortable(V)
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE) 
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeEnter(Vdbe*);
 #else
 # define sqlite3VdbeEnter(X)
@@ -20227,7 +21392,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(Vdbe *, int);
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbePrintSql(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(Mem *pMem, char *zBuf);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(Mem *pMem, StrAccum *pStr);
 #endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(Mem*, u8);
@@ -20419,6 +21584,10 @@ static u32 countLookasideSlots(LookasideSlot *p){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3 *db, int *pHighwater){
   u32 nInit = countLookasideSlots(db->lookaside.pInit);
   u32 nFree = countLookasideSlots(db->lookaside.pFree);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
+  nInit += countLookasideSlots(db->lookaside.pSmallInit);
+  nFree += countLookasideSlots(db->lookaside.pSmallFree);
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
   if( pHighwater ) *pHighwater = db->lookaside.nSlot - nInit;
   return db->lookaside.nSlot - (nInit+nFree);
 }
@@ -20451,6 +21620,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(
           db->lookaside.pInit = db->lookaside.pFree;
           db->lookaside.pFree = 0;
         }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
+        p = db->lookaside.pSmallFree;
+        if( p ){
+          while( p->pNext ) p = p->pNext;
+          p->pNext = db->lookaside.pSmallInit;
+          db->lookaside.pSmallInit = db->lookaside.pSmallFree;
+          db->lookaside.pSmallFree = 0;
+        }
+#endif
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -20471,7 +21649,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(
       break;
     }
 
-    /* 
+    /*
     ** Return an approximation for the amount of memory currently used
     ** by all pagers associated with the given database connection.  The
     ** highwater mark is meaningless and is returned as zero.
@@ -20515,7 +21693,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(
           HashElem *p;
 
           nByte += sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xRoundup(sizeof(HashElem)) * (
-              pSchema->tblHash.count 
+              pSchema->tblHash.count
             + pSchema->trigHash.count
             + pSchema->idxHash.count
             + pSchema->fkeyHash.count
@@ -20565,12 +21743,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(
 
     /*
     ** Set *pCurrent to the total cache hits or misses encountered by all
-    ** pagers the database handle is connected to. *pHighwater is always set 
+    ** pagers the database handle is connected to. *pHighwater is always set
     ** to zero.
     */
     case SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL:
       op = SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE+1;
-      /* Fall through into the next case */
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     case SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT:
     case SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS:
     case SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE:{
@@ -20624,7 +21802,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains the C functions that implement date and time
-** functions for SQLite.  
+** functions for SQLite.
 **
 ** There is only one exported symbol in this file - the function
 ** sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions() found at the bottom of the file.
@@ -20633,7 +21811,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(
 ** SQLite processes all times and dates as julian day numbers.  The
 ** dates and times are stored as the number of days since noon
 ** in Greenwich on November 24, 4714 B.C. according to the Gregorian
-** calendar system. 
+** calendar system.
 **
 ** 1970-01-01 00:00:00 is JD 2440587.5
 ** 2000-01-01 00:00:00 is JD 2451544.5
@@ -20981,7 +22159,7 @@ static void setRawDateNumber(DateTime *p, double r){
 ** The following are acceptable forms for the input string:
 **
 **      YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.FFF  +/-HH:MM
-**      DDDD.DD 
+**      DDDD.DD
 **      now
 **
 ** In the first form, the +/-HH:MM is always optional.  The fractional
@@ -20991,8 +22169,8 @@ static void setRawDateNumber(DateTime *p, double r){
 ** as there is a year and date.
 */
 static int parseDateOrTime(
-  sqlite3_context *context, 
-  const char *zDate, 
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  const char *zDate,
   DateTime *p
 ){
   double r;
@@ -21002,7 +22180,7 @@ static int parseDateOrTime(
     return 0;
   }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zDate,"now")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(context) ){
     return setDateTimeToCurrent(context, p);
-  }else if( sqlite3AtoF(zDate, &r, sqlite3Strlen30(zDate), SQLITE_UTF8) ){
+  }else if( sqlite3AtoF(zDate, &r, sqlite3Strlen30(zDate), SQLITE_UTF8)>0 ){
     setRawDateNumber(p, r);
     return 0;
   }
@@ -21013,7 +22191,7 @@ static int parseDateOrTime(
 ** Multiplying this by 86400000 gives 464269060799999 as the maximum value
 ** for DateTime.iJD.
 **
-** But some older compilers (ex: gcc 4.2.1 on older Macs) cannot deal with 
+** But some older compilers (ex: gcc 4.2.1 on older Macs) cannot deal with
 ** such a large integer literal, so we have to encode it.
 */
 #define INT_464269060799999  ((((i64)0x1a640)<<32)|0x1072fdff)
@@ -21095,14 +22273,14 @@ static void clearYMD_HMS_TZ(DateTime *p){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
 /*
 ** On recent Windows platforms, the localtime_s() function is available
-** as part of the "Secure CRT". It is essentially equivalent to 
-** localtime_r() available under most POSIX platforms, except that the 
+** as part of the "Secure CRT". It is essentially equivalent to
+** localtime_r() available under most POSIX platforms, except that the
 ** order of the parameters is reversed.
 **
 ** See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/a442x3ye(VS.80).aspx.
 **
 ** If the user has not indicated to use localtime_r() or localtime_s()
-** already, check for an MSVC build environment that provides 
+** already, check for an MSVC build environment that provides
 ** localtime_s().
 */
 #if !HAVE_LOCALTIME_R && !HAVE_LOCALTIME_S \
@@ -21129,7 +22307,7 @@ static int osLocaltime(time_t *t, struct tm *pTm){
 #if !HAVE_LOCALTIME_R && !HAVE_LOCALTIME_S
   struct tm *pX;
 #if SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN);
 #endif
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
   pX = localtime(t);
@@ -21158,7 +22336,7 @@ static int osLocaltime(time_t *t, struct tm *pTm){
 /*
 ** Compute the difference (in milliseconds) between localtime and UTC
 ** (a.k.a. GMT) for the time value p where p is in UTC. If no error occurs,
-** return this value and set *pRc to SQLITE_OK. 
+** return this value and set *pRc to SQLITE_OK.
 **
 ** Or, if an error does occur, set *pRc to SQLITE_ERROR. The returned value
 ** is undefined in this case.
@@ -21235,12 +22413,12 @@ static const struct {
   double rLimit;      /* Maximum NNN value for this transform */
   double rXform;      /* Constant used for this transform */
 } aXformType[] = {
-  { 0, 6, "second", 464269060800.0, 86400000.0/(24.0*60.0*60.0) },
-  { 0, 6, "minute", 7737817680.0,   86400000.0/(24.0*60.0)      },
-  { 0, 4, "hour",   128963628.0,    86400000.0/24.0             },
-  { 0, 3, "day",    5373485.0,      86400000.0                  },
-  { 1, 5, "month",  176546.0,       30.0*86400000.0             },
-  { 2, 4, "year",   14713.0,        365.0*86400000.0            },
+  { 0, 6, "second", 464269060800.0, 1000.0         },
+  { 0, 6, "minute", 7737817680.0,   60000.0        },
+  { 0, 4, "hour",   128963628.0,    3600000.0      },
+  { 0, 3, "day",    5373485.0,      86400000.0     },
+  { 1, 5, "month",  176546.0,       2592000000.0   },
+  { 2, 4, "year",   14713.0,        31536000000.0  },
 };
 
 /*
@@ -21302,7 +22480,7 @@ static int parseModifier(
         r = p->s*1000.0 + 210866760000000.0;
         if( r>=0.0 && r<464269060800000.0 ){
           clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
-          p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)r;
+          p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)(r + 0.5);
           p->validJD = 1;
           p->rawS = 0;
           rc = 0;
@@ -21336,7 +22514,7 @@ static int parseModifier(
       ** date is already on the appropriate weekday, this is a no-op.
       */
       if( sqlite3_strnicmp(z, "weekday ", 8)==0
-               && sqlite3AtoF(&z[8], &r, sqlite3Strlen30(&z[8]), SQLITE_UTF8)
+               && sqlite3AtoF(&z[8], &r, sqlite3Strlen30(&z[8]), SQLITE_UTF8)>0
                && (n=(int)r)==r && n>=0 && r<7 ){
         sqlite3_int64 Z;
         computeYMD_HMS(p);
@@ -21395,7 +22573,7 @@ static int parseModifier(
       double rRounder;
       int i;
       for(n=1; z[n] && z[n]!=':' && !sqlite3Isspace(z[n]); n++){}
-      if( !sqlite3AtoF(z, &r, n, SQLITE_UTF8) ){
+      if( sqlite3AtoF(z, &r, n, SQLITE_UTF8)<=0 ){
         rc = 1;
         break;
       }
@@ -21485,9 +22663,9 @@ static int parseModifier(
 ** then assume a default value of "now" for argv[0].
 */
 static int isDate(
-  sqlite3_context *context, 
-  int argc, 
-  sqlite3_value **argv, 
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv,
   DateTime *p
 ){
   int i, n;
@@ -21726,8 +22904,8 @@ static void strftimeFunc(
         case 'm':  sqlite3_snprintf(3, &z[j],"%02d",x.M); j+=2; break;
         case 'M':  sqlite3_snprintf(3, &z[j],"%02d",x.m); j+=2; break;
         case 's': {
-          sqlite3_snprintf(30,&z[j],"%lld",
-                           (i64)(x.iJD/1000 - 21086676*(i64)10000));
+          i64 iS = (i64)(x.iJD/1000 - 21086676*(i64)10000);
+          sqlite3Int64ToText(iS, &z[j]);
           j += sqlite3Strlen30(&z[j]);
           break;
         }
@@ -21825,10 +23003,10 @@ static void currentTimeFunc(
 #if HAVE_GMTIME_R
   pTm = gmtime_r(&t, &sNow);
 #else
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN));
   pTm = gmtime(&t);
   if( pTm ) memcpy(&sNow, pTm, sizeof(sNow));
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN));
 #endif
   if( pTm ){
     strftime(zBuf, 20, zFormat, &sNow);
@@ -22081,7 +23259,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsOpen(
   ** down into the VFS layer.  Some SQLITE_OPEN_ flags (for example,
   ** SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE) are blocked before
   ** reaching the VFS. */
-  rc = pVfs->xOpen(pVfs, zPath, pFile, flags & 0x87f7f, pFlagsOut);
+  rc = pVfs->xOpen(pVfs, zPath, pFile, flags & 0x1087f7f, pFlagsOut);
   assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pFile->pMethods==0 );
   return rc;
 }
@@ -22124,7 +23302,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsDlClose(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle){
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zBufOut){
-  return pVfs->xRandomness(pVfs, nByte, zBufOut);
+  if( sqlite3Config.iPrngSeed ){
+    memset(zBufOut, 0, nByte);
+    if( ALWAYS(nByte>(signed)sizeof(unsigned)) ) nByte = sizeof(unsigned int);
+    memcpy(zBufOut, &sqlite3Config.iPrngSeed, nByte);
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }else{
+    return pVfs->xRandomness(pVfs, nByte, zBufOut);
+  }
+
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSleep(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nMicro){
   return pVfs->xSleep(pVfs, nMicro);
@@ -22211,7 +23397,7 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfs){
   if( rc ) return 0;
 #endif
 #if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-  mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+  mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN);
 #endif
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
   for(pVfs = vfsList; pVfs; pVfs=pVfs->pNext){
@@ -22226,7 +23412,7 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfs){
 ** Unlink a VFS from the linked list
 */
 static void vfsUnlink(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER)) );
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN)) );
   if( pVfs==0 ){
     /* No-op */
   }else if( vfsList==pVfs ){
@@ -22257,7 +23443,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int makeDflt){
   if( pVfs==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
 #endif
 
-  MUTEX_LOGIC( mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER); )
+  MUTEX_LOGIC( mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN); )
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
   vfsUnlink(pVfs);
   if( makeDflt || vfsList==0 ){
@@ -22281,7 +23467,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs){
   int rc = sqlite3_initialize();
   if( rc ) return rc;
 #endif
-  MUTEX_LOGIC( mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER); )
+  MUTEX_LOGIC( mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN); )
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
   vfsUnlink(pVfs);
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
@@ -22302,17 +23488,17 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs){
 **
 *************************************************************************
 **
-** This file contains code to support the concept of "benign" 
+** This file contains code to support the concept of "benign"
 ** malloc failures (when the xMalloc() or xRealloc() method of the
 ** sqlite3_mem_methods structure fails to allocate a block of memory
-** and returns 0). 
+** and returns 0).
 **
 ** Most malloc failures are non-benign. After they occur, SQLite
 ** abandons the current operation and returns an error code (usually
 ** SQLITE_NOMEM) to the user. However, sometimes a fault is not necessarily
-** fatal. For example, if a malloc fails while resizing a hash table, this 
-** is completely recoverable simply by not carrying out the resize. The 
-** hash table will continue to function normally.  So a malloc failure 
+** fatal. For example, if a malloc fails while resizing a hash table, this
+** is completely recoverable simply by not carrying out the resize. The
+** hash table will continue to function normally.  So a malloc failure
 ** during a hash table resize is a benign fault.
 */
 
@@ -22514,7 +23700,7 @@ static malloc_zone_t* _sqliteZone_;
 #else /* if not __APPLE__ */
 
 /*
-** Use standard C library malloc and free on non-Apple systems.  
+** Use standard C library malloc and free on non-Apple systems.
 ** Also used by Apple systems if SQLITE_WITHOUT_ZONEMALLOC is defined.
 */
 #define SQLITE_MALLOC(x)             malloc(x)
@@ -22694,7 +23880,7 @@ static int sqlite3MemInit(void *NotUsed){
     /* defer MT decisions to system malloc */
     _sqliteZone_ = malloc_default_zone();
   }else{
-    /* only 1 core, use our own zone to contention over global locks, 
+    /* only 1 core, use our own zone to contention over global locks,
     ** e.g. we have our own dedicated locks */
     _sqliteZone_ = malloc_create_zone(4096, 0);
     malloc_set_zone_name(_sqliteZone_, "Sqlite_Heap");
@@ -22818,7 +24004,7 @@ struct MemBlockHdr {
 ** when this module is combined with other in the amalgamation.
 */
 static struct {
-  
+
   /*
   ** Mutex to control access to the memory allocation subsystem.
   */
@@ -22829,7 +24015,7 @@ static struct {
   */
   struct MemBlockHdr *pFirst;
   struct MemBlockHdr *pLast;
-  
+
   /*
   ** The number of levels of backtrace to save in new allocations.
   */
@@ -22842,7 +24028,7 @@ static struct {
   int nTitle;        /* Bytes of zTitle to save.  Includes '\0' and padding */
   char zTitle[100];  /* The title text */
 
-  /* 
+  /*
   ** sqlite3MallocDisallow() increments the following counter.
   ** sqlite3MallocAllow() decrements it.
   */
@@ -22901,7 +24087,7 @@ static struct MemBlockHdr *sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(void *pAllocation){
   pU8 = (u8*)pAllocation;
   assert( pInt[nReserve/sizeof(int)]==(int)REARGUARD );
   /* This checks any of the "extra" bytes allocated due
-  ** to rounding up to an 8 byte boundary to ensure 
+  ** to rounding up to an 8 byte boundary to ensure
   ** they haven't been overwritten.
   */
   while( nReserve-- > p->iSize ) assert( pU8[nReserve]==0x65 );
@@ -23030,7 +24216,7 @@ static void *sqlite3MemMalloc(int nByte){
     p = (void*)pInt;
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
-  return p; 
+  return p;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -23040,7 +24226,7 @@ static void sqlite3MemFree(void *pPrior){
   struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
   void **pBt;
   char *z;
-  assert( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat || sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex==0 
+  assert( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat || sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex==0
        || mem.mutex!=0 );
   pHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(pPrior);
   pBt = (void**)pHdr;
@@ -23066,15 +24252,15 @@ static void sqlite3MemFree(void *pPrior){
   randomFill(z, sizeof(void*)*pHdr->nBacktraceSlots + sizeof(*pHdr) +
                 (int)pHdr->iSize + sizeof(int) + pHdr->nTitle);
   free(z);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);  
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem.mutex);
 }
 
 /*
 ** Change the size of an existing memory allocation.
 **
 ** For this debugging implementation, we *always* make a copy of the
-** allocation into a new place in memory.  In this way, if the 
-** higher level code is using pointer to the old allocation, it is 
+** allocation into a new place in memory.  In this way, if the
+** higher level code is using pointer to the old allocation, it is
 ** much more likely to break and we are much more liking to find
 ** the error.
 */
@@ -23117,7 +24303,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void){
 ** Set the "type" of an allocation.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void *p, u8 eType){
-  if( p && sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc==sqlite3MemMalloc ){
+  if( p && sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xFree==sqlite3MemFree ){
     struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
     pHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(p);
     assert( pHdr->iForeGuard==FOREGUARD );
@@ -23136,7 +24322,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void *p, u8 eType){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void *p, u8 eType){
   int rc = 1;
-  if( p && sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc==sqlite3MemMalloc ){
+  if( p && sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xFree==sqlite3MemFree ){
     struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
     pHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(p);
     assert( pHdr->iForeGuard==FOREGUARD );         /* Allocation is valid */
@@ -23158,7 +24344,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void *p, u8 eType){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void *p, u8 eType){
   int rc = 1;
-  if( p && sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc==sqlite3MemMalloc ){
+  if( p && sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xFree==sqlite3MemFree ){
     struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
     pHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(p);
     assert( pHdr->iForeGuard==FOREGUARD );         /* Allocation is valid */
@@ -23208,7 +24394,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugSync(){
 }
 
 /*
-** Open the file indicated and write a log of all unfreed memory 
+** Open the file indicated and write a log of all unfreed memory
 ** allocations into that log.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugDump(const char *zFilename){
@@ -23225,7 +24411,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugDump(const char *zFilename){
   for(pHdr=mem.pFirst; pHdr; pHdr=pHdr->pNext){
     char *z = (char*)pHdr;
     z -= pHdr->nBacktraceSlots*sizeof(void*) + pHdr->nTitle;
-    fprintf(out, "**** %lld bytes at %p from %s ****\n", 
+    fprintf(out, "**** %lld bytes at %p from %s ****\n",
             pHdr->iSize, &pHdr[1], pHdr->nTitle ? z : "???");
     if( pHdr->nBacktrace ){
       fflush(out);
@@ -23238,7 +24424,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugDump(const char *zFilename){
   fprintf(out, "COUNTS:\n");
   for(i=0; i<NCSIZE-1; i++){
     if( mem.nAlloc[i] ){
-      fprintf(out, "   %5d: %10d %10d %10d\n", 
+      fprintf(out, "   %5d: %10d %10d %10d\n",
             i*8, mem.nAlloc[i], mem.nCurrent[i], mem.mxCurrent[i]);
     }
   }
@@ -23279,12 +24465,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdebugMallocCount(){
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains the C functions that implement a memory
-** allocation subsystem for use by SQLite. 
+** allocation subsystem for use by SQLite.
 **
 ** This version of the memory allocation subsystem omits all
 ** use of malloc(). The SQLite user supplies a block of memory
 ** before calling sqlite3_initialize() from which allocations
-** are made and returned by the xMalloc() and xRealloc() 
+** are made and returned by the xMalloc() and xRealloc()
 ** implementations. Once sqlite3_initialize() has been called,
 ** the amount of memory available to SQLite is fixed and cannot
 ** be changed.
@@ -23315,8 +24501,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdebugMallocCount(){
 #define N_HASH  61
 
 /*
-** A memory allocation (also called a "chunk") consists of two or 
-** more blocks where each block is 8 bytes.  The first 8 bytes are 
+** A memory allocation (also called a "chunk") consists of two or
+** more blocks where each block is 8 bytes.  The first 8 bytes are
 ** a header that is not returned to the user.
 **
 ** A chunk is two or more blocks that is either checked out or
@@ -23339,10 +24525,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdebugMallocCount(){
 **
 ** The second block of free chunks is of the form u.list.  The
 ** two fields form a double-linked list of chunks of related sizes.
-** Pointers to the head of the list are stored in mem3.aiSmall[] 
+** Pointers to the head of the list are stored in mem3.aiSmall[]
 ** for smaller chunks and mem3.aiHash[] for larger chunks.
 **
-** The second block of a chunk is user data if the chunk is checked 
+** The second block of a chunk is user data if the chunk is checked
 ** out.  If a chunk is checked out, the user data may extend into
 ** the u.hdr.prevSize value of the following chunk.
 */
@@ -23378,28 +24564,28 @@ static SQLITE_WSD struct Mem3Global {
   ** True if we are evaluating an out-of-memory callback.
   */
   int alarmBusy;
-  
+
   /*
   ** Mutex to control access to the memory allocation subsystem.
   */
   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;
-  
+
   /*
   ** The minimum amount of free space that we have seen.
   */
-  u32 mnMaster;
+  u32 mnKeyBlk;
 
   /*
-  ** iMaster is the index of the master chunk.  Most new allocations
-  ** occur off of this chunk.  szMaster is the size (in Mem3Blocks)
-  ** of the current master.  iMaster is 0 if there is not master chunk.
-  ** The master chunk is not in either the aiHash[] or aiSmall[].
+  ** iKeyBlk is the index of the key chunk.  Most new allocations
+  ** occur off of this chunk.  szKeyBlk is the size (in Mem3Blocks)
+  ** of the current key chunk.  iKeyBlk is 0 if there is no key chunk.
+  ** The key chunk is not in either the aiHash[] or aiSmall[].
   */
-  u32 iMaster;
-  u32 szMaster;
+  u32 iKeyBlk;
+  u32 szKeyBlk;
 
   /*
-  ** Array of lists of free blocks according to the block size 
+  ** Array of lists of free blocks according to the block size
   ** for smaller chunks, or a hash on the block size for larger
   ** chunks.
   */
@@ -23430,7 +24616,7 @@ static void memsys3UnlinkFromList(u32 i, u32 *pRoot){
 }
 
 /*
-** Unlink the chunk at index i from 
+** Unlink the chunk at index i from
 ** whatever list is currently a member of.
 */
 static void memsys3Unlink(u32 i){
@@ -23514,8 +24700,8 @@ static void memsys3OutOfMemory(int nByte){
 
 
 /*
-** Chunk i is a free chunk that has been unlinked.  Adjust its 
-** size parameters for check-out and return a pointer to the 
+** Chunk i is a free chunk that has been unlinked.  Adjust its
+** size parameters for check-out and return a pointer to the
 ** user portion of the chunk.
 */
 static void *memsys3Checkout(u32 i, u32 nBlock){
@@ -23532,34 +24718,34 @@ static void *memsys3Checkout(u32 i, u32 nBlock){
 }
 
 /*
-** Carve a piece off of the end of the mem3.iMaster free chunk.
-** Return a pointer to the new allocation.  Or, if the master chunk
+** Carve a piece off of the end of the mem3.iKeyBlk free chunk.
+** Return a pointer to the new allocation.  Or, if the key chunk
 ** is not large enough, return 0.
 */
-static void *memsys3FromMaster(u32 nBlock){
+static void *memsys3FromKeyBlk(u32 nBlock){
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(mem3.mutex) );
-  assert( mem3.szMaster>=nBlock );
-  if( nBlock>=mem3.szMaster-1 ){
-    /* Use the entire master */
-    void *p = memsys3Checkout(mem3.iMaster, mem3.szMaster);
-    mem3.iMaster = 0;
-    mem3.szMaster = 0;
-    mem3.mnMaster = 0;
+  assert( mem3.szKeyBlk>=nBlock );
+  if( nBlock>=mem3.szKeyBlk-1 ){
+    /* Use the entire key chunk */
+    void *p = memsys3Checkout(mem3.iKeyBlk, mem3.szKeyBlk);
+    mem3.iKeyBlk = 0;
+    mem3.szKeyBlk = 0;
+    mem3.mnKeyBlk = 0;
     return p;
   }else{
-    /* Split the master block.  Return the tail. */
+    /* Split the key block.  Return the tail. */
     u32 newi, x;
-    newi = mem3.iMaster + mem3.szMaster - nBlock;
-    assert( newi > mem3.iMaster+1 );
-    mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize = nBlock;
-    mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x |= 2;
+    newi = mem3.iKeyBlk + mem3.szKeyBlk - nBlock;
+    assert( newi > mem3.iKeyBlk+1 );
+    mem3.aPool[mem3.iKeyBlk+mem3.szKeyBlk-1].u.hdr.prevSize = nBlock;
+    mem3.aPool[mem3.iKeyBlk+mem3.szKeyBlk-1].u.hdr.size4x |= 2;
     mem3.aPool[newi-1].u.hdr.size4x = nBlock*4 + 1;
-    mem3.szMaster -= nBlock;
-    mem3.aPool[newi-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem3.szMaster;
-    x = mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
-    mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x = mem3.szMaster*4 | x;
-    if( mem3.szMaster < mem3.mnMaster ){
-      mem3.mnMaster = mem3.szMaster;
+    mem3.szKeyBlk -= nBlock;
+    mem3.aPool[newi-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem3.szKeyBlk;
+    x = mem3.aPool[mem3.iKeyBlk-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
+    mem3.aPool[mem3.iKeyBlk-1].u.hdr.size4x = mem3.szKeyBlk*4 | x;
+    if( mem3.szKeyBlk < mem3.mnKeyBlk ){
+      mem3.mnKeyBlk = mem3.szKeyBlk;
     }
     return (void*)&mem3.aPool[newi];
   }
@@ -23568,18 +24754,18 @@ static void *memsys3FromMaster(u32 nBlock){
 /*
 ** *pRoot is the head of a list of free chunks of the same size
 ** or same size hash.  In other words, *pRoot is an entry in either
-** mem3.aiSmall[] or mem3.aiHash[].  
+** mem3.aiSmall[] or mem3.aiHash[].
 **
 ** This routine examines all entries on the given list and tries
-** to coalesce each entries with adjacent free chunks.  
+** to coalesce each entries with adjacent free chunks.
 **
-** If it sees a chunk that is larger than mem3.iMaster, it replaces 
-** the current mem3.iMaster with the new larger chunk.  In order for
-** this mem3.iMaster replacement to work, the master chunk must be
+** If it sees a chunk that is larger than mem3.iKeyBlk, it replaces
+** the current mem3.iKeyBlk with the new larger chunk.  In order for
+** this mem3.iKeyBlk replacement to work, the key chunk must be
 ** linked into the hash tables.  That is not the normal state of
-** affairs, of course.  The calling routine must link the master
+** affairs, of course.  The calling routine must link the key
 ** chunk before invoking this routine, then must unlink the (possibly
-** changed) master chunk once this routine has finished.
+** changed) key chunk once this routine has finished.
 */
 static void memsys3Merge(u32 *pRoot){
   u32 iNext, prev, size, i, x;
@@ -23606,9 +24792,9 @@ static void memsys3Merge(u32 *pRoot){
     }else{
       size /= 4;
     }
-    if( size>mem3.szMaster ){
-      mem3.iMaster = i;
-      mem3.szMaster = size;
+    if( size>mem3.szKeyBlk ){
+      mem3.iKeyBlk = i;
+      mem3.szKeyBlk = size;
     }
   }
 }
@@ -23657,26 +24843,26 @@ static void *memsys3MallocUnsafe(int nByte){
 
   /* STEP 2:
   ** Try to satisfy the allocation by carving a piece off of the end
-  ** of the master chunk.  This step usually works if step 1 fails.
+  ** of the key chunk.  This step usually works if step 1 fails.
   */
-  if( mem3.szMaster>=nBlock ){
-    return memsys3FromMaster(nBlock);
+  if( mem3.szKeyBlk>=nBlock ){
+    return memsys3FromKeyBlk(nBlock);
   }
 
 
-  /* STEP 3:  
+  /* STEP 3:
   ** Loop through the entire memory pool.  Coalesce adjacent free
-  ** chunks.  Recompute the master chunk as the largest free chunk.
+  ** chunks.  Recompute the key chunk as the largest free chunk.
   ** Then try again to satisfy the allocation by carving a piece off
-  ** of the end of the master chunk.  This step happens very
+  ** of the end of the key chunk.  This step happens very
   ** rarely (we hope!)
   */
   for(toFree=nBlock*16; toFree<(mem3.nPool*16); toFree *= 2){
     memsys3OutOfMemory(toFree);
-    if( mem3.iMaster ){
-      memsys3Link(mem3.iMaster);
-      mem3.iMaster = 0;
-      mem3.szMaster = 0;
+    if( mem3.iKeyBlk ){
+      memsys3Link(mem3.iKeyBlk);
+      mem3.iKeyBlk = 0;
+      mem3.szKeyBlk = 0;
     }
     for(i=0; i<N_HASH; i++){
       memsys3Merge(&mem3.aiHash[i]);
@@ -23684,10 +24870,10 @@ static void *memsys3MallocUnsafe(int nByte){
     for(i=0; i<MX_SMALL-1; i++){
       memsys3Merge(&mem3.aiSmall[i]);
     }
-    if( mem3.szMaster ){
-      memsys3Unlink(mem3.iMaster);
-      if( mem3.szMaster>=nBlock ){
-        return memsys3FromMaster(nBlock);
+    if( mem3.szKeyBlk ){
+      memsys3Unlink(mem3.iKeyBlk);
+      if( mem3.szKeyBlk>=nBlock ){
+        return memsys3FromKeyBlk(nBlock);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -23717,23 +24903,23 @@ static void memsys3FreeUnsafe(void *pOld){
   mem3.aPool[i+size-1].u.hdr.size4x &= ~2;
   memsys3Link(i);
 
-  /* Try to expand the master using the newly freed chunk */
-  if( mem3.iMaster ){
-    while( (mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x&2)==0 ){
-      size = mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize;
-      mem3.iMaster -= size;
-      mem3.szMaster += size;
-      memsys3Unlink(mem3.iMaster);
-      x = mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
-      mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x = mem3.szMaster*4 | x;
-      mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem3.szMaster;
+  /* Try to expand the key using the newly freed chunk */
+  if( mem3.iKeyBlk ){
+    while( (mem3.aPool[mem3.iKeyBlk-1].u.hdr.size4x&2)==0 ){
+      size = mem3.aPool[mem3.iKeyBlk-1].u.hdr.prevSize;
+      mem3.iKeyBlk -= size;
+      mem3.szKeyBlk += size;
+      memsys3Unlink(mem3.iKeyBlk);
+      x = mem3.aPool[mem3.iKeyBlk-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
+      mem3.aPool[mem3.iKeyBlk-1].u.hdr.size4x = mem3.szKeyBlk*4 | x;
+      mem3.aPool[mem3.iKeyBlk+mem3.szKeyBlk-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem3.szKeyBlk;
     }
-    x = mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
-    while( (mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x&1)==0 ){
-      memsys3Unlink(mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster);
-      mem3.szMaster += mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x/4;
-      mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster-1].u.hdr.size4x = mem3.szMaster*4 | x;
-      mem3.aPool[mem3.iMaster+mem3.szMaster-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem3.szMaster;
+    x = mem3.aPool[mem3.iKeyBlk-1].u.hdr.size4x & 2;
+    while( (mem3.aPool[mem3.iKeyBlk+mem3.szKeyBlk-1].u.hdr.size4x&1)==0 ){
+      memsys3Unlink(mem3.iKeyBlk+mem3.szKeyBlk);
+      mem3.szKeyBlk += mem3.aPool[mem3.iKeyBlk+mem3.szKeyBlk-1].u.hdr.size4x/4;
+      mem3.aPool[mem3.iKeyBlk-1].u.hdr.size4x = mem3.szKeyBlk*4 | x;
+      mem3.aPool[mem3.iKeyBlk+mem3.szKeyBlk-1].u.hdr.prevSize = mem3.szKeyBlk;
     }
   }
 }
@@ -23771,7 +24957,7 @@ static void *memsys3Malloc(int nBytes){
   memsys3Enter();
   p = memsys3MallocUnsafe(nBytes);
   memsys3Leave();
-  return (void*)p; 
+  return (void*)p;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -23829,11 +25015,11 @@ static int memsys3Init(void *NotUsed){
   mem3.aPool = (Mem3Block *)sqlite3GlobalConfig.pHeap;
   mem3.nPool = (sqlite3GlobalConfig.nHeap / sizeof(Mem3Block)) - 2;
 
-  /* Initialize the master block. */
-  mem3.szMaster = mem3.nPool;
-  mem3.mnMaster = mem3.szMaster;
-  mem3.iMaster = 1;
-  mem3.aPool[0].u.hdr.size4x = (mem3.szMaster<<2) + 2;
+  /* Initialize the key block. */
+  mem3.szKeyBlk = mem3.nPool;
+  mem3.mnKeyBlk = mem3.szKeyBlk;
+  mem3.iKeyBlk = 1;
+  mem3.aPool[0].u.hdr.size4x = (mem3.szKeyBlk<<2) + 2;
   mem3.aPool[mem3.nPool].u.hdr.prevSize = mem3.nPool;
   mem3.aPool[mem3.nPool].u.hdr.size4x = 1;
 
@@ -23852,7 +25038,7 @@ static void memsys3Shutdown(void *NotUsed){
 
 
 /*
-** Open the file indicated and write a log of all unfreed memory 
+** Open the file indicated and write a log of all unfreed memory
 ** allocations into that log.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Memsys3Dump(const char *zFilename){
@@ -23893,7 +25079,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Memsys3Dump(const char *zFilename){
       fprintf(out, "%p %6d bytes checked out\n", &mem3.aPool[i], (size/4)*8-8);
     }else{
       fprintf(out, "%p %6d bytes free%s\n", &mem3.aPool[i], (size/4)*8-8,
-                  i==mem3.iMaster ? " **master**" : "");
+                  i==mem3.iKeyBlk ? " **key**" : "");
     }
   }
   for(i=0; i<MX_SMALL-1; i++){
@@ -23903,7 +25089,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Memsys3Dump(const char *zFilename){
       fprintf(out, " %p(%d)", &mem3.aPool[j],
               (mem3.aPool[j-1].u.hdr.size4x/4)*8-8);
     }
-    fprintf(out, "\n"); 
+    fprintf(out, "\n");
   }
   for(i=0; i<N_HASH; i++){
     if( mem3.aiHash[i]==0 ) continue;
@@ -23912,11 +25098,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Memsys3Dump(const char *zFilename){
       fprintf(out, " %p(%d)", &mem3.aPool[j],
               (mem3.aPool[j-1].u.hdr.size4x/4)*8-8);
     }
-    fprintf(out, "\n"); 
+    fprintf(out, "\n");
   }
-  fprintf(out, "master=%d\n", mem3.iMaster);
-  fprintf(out, "nowUsed=%d\n", mem3.nPool*8 - mem3.szMaster*8);
-  fprintf(out, "mxUsed=%d\n", mem3.nPool*8 - mem3.mnMaster*8);
+  fprintf(out, "key=%d\n", mem3.iKeyBlk);
+  fprintf(out, "nowUsed=%d\n", mem3.nPool*8 - mem3.szKeyBlk*8);
+  fprintf(out, "mxUsed=%d\n", mem3.nPool*8 - mem3.mnKeyBlk*8);
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem3.mutex);
   if( out==stdout ){
     fflush(stdout);
@@ -23929,7 +25115,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Memsys3Dump(const char *zFilename){
 }
 
 /*
-** This routine is the only routine in this file with external 
+** This routine is the only routine in this file with external
 ** linkage.
 **
 ** Populate the low-level memory allocation function pointers in
@@ -23969,12 +25155,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void){
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains the C functions that implement a memory
-** allocation subsystem for use by SQLite. 
+** allocation subsystem for use by SQLite.
 **
 ** This version of the memory allocation subsystem omits all
 ** use of malloc(). The application gives SQLite a block of memory
 ** before calling sqlite3_initialize() from which allocations
-** are made and returned by the xMalloc() and xRealloc() 
+** are made and returned by the xMalloc() and xRealloc()
 ** implementations. Once sqlite3_initialize() has been called,
 ** the amount of memory available to SQLite is fixed and cannot
 ** be changed.
@@ -23994,12 +25180,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void){
 ** This algorithm is described in: J. M. Robson. "Bounds for Some Functions
 ** Concerning Dynamic Storage Allocation". Journal of the Association for
 ** Computing Machinery, Volume 21, Number 8, July 1974, pages 491-499.
-** 
+**
 ** Let n be the size of the largest allocation divided by the minimum
 ** allocation size (after rounding all sizes up to a power of 2.)  Let M
 ** be the maximum amount of memory ever outstanding at one time.  Let
 ** N be the total amount of memory available for allocation.  Robson
-** proved that this memory allocator will never breakdown due to 
+** proved that this memory allocator will never breakdown due to
 ** fragmentation as long as the following constraint holds:
 **
 **      N >=  M*(1 + log2(n)/2) - n + 1
@@ -24010,7 +25196,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void){
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 
 /*
-** This version of the memory allocator is used only when 
+** This version of the memory allocator is used only when
 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5 is defined.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
@@ -24055,7 +25241,7 @@ static SQLITE_WSD struct Mem5Global {
   int szAtom;      /* Smallest possible allocation in bytes */
   int nBlock;      /* Number of szAtom sized blocks in zPool */
   u8 *zPool;       /* Memory available to be allocated */
-  
+
   /*
   ** Mutex to control access to the memory allocation subsystem.
   */
@@ -24074,7 +25260,7 @@ static SQLITE_WSD struct Mem5Global {
   u32 maxCount;       /* Maximum instantaneous currentCount */
   u32 maxRequest;     /* Largest allocation (exclusive of internal frag) */
 #endif
-  
+
   /*
   ** Lists of free blocks.  aiFreelist[0] is a list of free blocks of
   ** size mem5.szAtom.  aiFreelist[1] holds blocks of size szAtom*2.
@@ -24250,7 +25436,7 @@ static void memsys5FreeUnsafe(void *pOld){
   u32 size, iLogsize;
   int iBlock;
 
-  /* Set iBlock to the index of the block pointed to by pOld in 
+  /* Set iBlock to the index of the block pointed to by pOld in
   ** the array of mem5.szAtom byte blocks pointed to by mem5.zPool.
   */
   iBlock = (int)(((u8 *)pOld-mem5.zPool)/mem5.szAtom);
@@ -24319,7 +25505,7 @@ static void *memsys5Malloc(int nBytes){
     p = memsys5MallocUnsafe(nBytes);
     memsys5Leave();
   }
-  return (void*)p; 
+  return (void*)p;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -24332,14 +25518,14 @@ static void memsys5Free(void *pPrior){
   assert( pPrior!=0 );
   memsys5Enter();
   memsys5FreeUnsafe(pPrior);
-  memsys5Leave();  
+  memsys5Leave();
 }
 
 /*
 ** Change the size of an existing memory allocation.
 **
 ** The outer layer memory allocator prevents this routine from
-** being called with pPrior==0.  
+** being called with pPrior==0.
 **
 ** nBytes is always a value obtained from a prior call to
 ** memsys5Round().  Hence nBytes is always a non-negative power
@@ -24472,7 +25658,7 @@ static void memsys5Shutdown(void *NotUsed){
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
 /*
-** Open the file indicated and write a log of all unfreed memory 
+** Open the file indicated and write a log of all unfreed memory
 ** allocations into that log.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Memsys5Dump(const char *zFilename){
@@ -24514,7 +25700,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Memsys5Dump(const char *zFilename){
 #endif
 
 /*
-** This routine is the only routine in this file with external 
+** This routine is the only routine in this file with external
 ** linkage. It returns a pointer to a static sqlite3_mem_methods
 ** struct populated with the memsys5 methods.
 */
@@ -24569,7 +25755,7 @@ static SQLITE_WSD int mutexIsInit = 0;
 /*
 ** This block (enclosed by SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) contains
 ** the implementation of a wrapper around the system default mutex
-** implementation (sqlite3DefaultMutex()). 
+** implementation (sqlite3DefaultMutex()).
 **
 ** Most calls are passed directly through to the underlying default
 ** mutex implementation. Except, if a mutex is configured by calling
@@ -24580,7 +25766,7 @@ static SQLITE_WSD int mutexIsInit = 0;
 ** apps that usually use SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD mode.
 */
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Type for all mutexes used when SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS
 ** is defined. Variable CheckMutex.mutex is a pointer to the real mutex
 ** allocated by the system mutex implementation. Variable iType is usually set
@@ -24597,9 +25783,9 @@ struct CheckMutex {
 
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_WARNONCONTENTION  (-1)
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Pointer to real mutex methods object used by the CheckMutex
-** implementation. Set by checkMutexInit(). 
+** implementation. Set by checkMutexInit().
 */
 static SQLITE_WSD const sqlite3_mutex_methods *pGlobalMutexMethods;
 
@@ -24615,13 +25801,13 @@ static int checkMutexNotheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
 /*
 ** Initialize and deinitialize the mutex subsystem.
 */
-static int checkMutexInit(void){ 
+static int checkMutexInit(void){
   pGlobalMutexMethods = sqlite3DefaultMutex();
-  return SQLITE_OK; 
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
-static int checkMutexEnd(void){ 
+static int checkMutexEnd(void){
   pGlobalMutexMethods = 0;
-  return SQLITE_OK; 
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -24695,7 +25881,7 @@ static void checkMutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
     if( SQLITE_OK==pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexTry(pCheck->mutex) ){
       return;
     }
-    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE, 
+    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE,
         "illegal multi-threaded access to database connection"
     );
   }
@@ -24754,11 +25940,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex *p){
 /*
 ** Initialize the mutex system.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MutexInit(void){ 
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MutexInit(void){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   if( !sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexAlloc ){
     /* If the xMutexAlloc method has not been set, then the user did not
-    ** install a mutex implementation via sqlite3_config() prior to 
+    ** install a mutex implementation via sqlite3_config() prior to
     ** sqlite3_initialize() being called. This block copies pointers to
     ** the default implementation into the sqlite3GlobalConfig structure.
     */
@@ -24792,6 +25978,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MutexInit(void){
   GLOBAL(int, mutexIsInit) = 1;
 #endif
 
+  sqlite3MemoryBarrier();
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -24869,7 +26056,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex *p){
 
 /*
 ** The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was previously
-** entered by the same thread.  The behavior is undefined if the mutex 
+** entered by the same thread.  The behavior is undefined if the mutex
 ** is not currently entered. If a NULL pointer is passed as an argument
 ** this function is a no-op.
 */
@@ -24938,9 +26125,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
 */
 static int noopMutexInit(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
 static int noopMutexEnd(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
-static sqlite3_mutex *noopMutexAlloc(int id){ 
+static sqlite3_mutex *noopMutexAlloc(int id){
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(id);
-  return (sqlite3_mutex*)8; 
+  return (sqlite3_mutex*)8;
 }
 static void noopMutexFree(sqlite3_mutex *p){ UNUSED_PARAMETER(p); return; }
 static void noopMutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){ UNUSED_PARAMETER(p); return; }
@@ -25005,7 +26192,7 @@ static int debugMutexEnd(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
 /*
 ** The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it.  If it returns NULL
-** that means that a mutex could not be allocated. 
+** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.
 */
 static sqlite3_mutex *debugMutexAlloc(int id){
   static sqlite3_debug_mutex aStatic[SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3 - 1];
@@ -25183,7 +26370,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mutex {
 ** there might be race conditions that can cause these routines to
 ** deliver incorrect results.  In particular, if pthread_equal() is
 ** not an atomic operation, then these routines might delivery
-** incorrect results.  On most platforms, pthread_equal() is a 
+** incorrect results.  On most platforms, pthread_equal() is a
 ** comparison of two integers and is therefore atomic.  But we are
 ** told that HPUX is not such a platform.  If so, then these routines
 ** will not always work correctly on HPUX.
@@ -25231,7 +26418,7 @@ static int pthreadMutexEnd(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
 ** <ul>
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
@@ -25265,7 +26452,7 @@ static int pthreadMutexEnd(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
 **
 ** Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
-** returns a different mutex on every call.  But for the static 
+** returns a different mutex on every call.  But for the static
 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
 ** the same type number.
 */
@@ -25376,7 +26563,7 @@ static void pthreadMutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   ** is atomic - that it cannot be deceived into thinking self
   ** and p->owner are equal if p->owner changes between two values
   ** that are not equal to self while the comparison is taking place.
-  ** This implementation also assumes a coherent cache - that 
+  ** This implementation also assumes a coherent cache - that
   ** separate processes cannot read different values from the same
   ** address at the same time.  If either of these two conditions
   ** are not met, then the mutexes will fail and problems will result.
@@ -25419,7 +26606,7 @@ static int pthreadMutexTry(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   ** is atomic - that it cannot be deceived into thinking self
   ** and p->owner are equal if p->owner changes between two values
   ** that are not equal to self while the comparison is taking place.
-  ** This implementation also assumes a coherent cache - that 
+  ** This implementation also assumes a coherent cache - that
   ** separate processes cannot read different values from the same
   ** address at the same time.  If either of these two conditions
   ** are not met, then the mutexes will fail and problems will result.
@@ -25591,7 +26778,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void){
 ******************************************************************************
 **
 ** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
-** counters for x86 class CPUs.
+** counters for x86 and x86_64 class CPUs.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_HWTIME_H
 #define SQLITE_HWTIME_H
@@ -25602,8 +26789,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void){
 ** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
 ** profiling.
 */
-#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
-      (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
+#if !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && \
+    (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
+    (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
 
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
 
@@ -25624,15 +26812,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void){
 
   #endif
 
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
+#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
 
   __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
       unsigned long val;
       __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=A" (val));
       return val;
   }
- 
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))
+
+#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))
 
   __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
       unsigned long long retval;
@@ -25649,14 +26837,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void){
 
 #else
 
-  #error Need implementation of sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform.
-
   /*
-  ** To compile without implementing sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform,
-  ** you can remove the above #error and use the following
-  ** stub function.  You will lose timing support for many
-  ** of the debugging and testing utilities, but it should at
-  ** least compile and run.
+  ** asm() is needed for hardware timing support.  Without asm(),
+  ** disable the sqlite3Hwtime() routine.
+  **
+  ** sqlite3Hwtime() is only used for some obscure debugging
+  ** and analysis configurations, not in any deliverable, so this
+  ** should not be a great loss.
   */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }
 
@@ -25977,7 +27164,7 @@ static int winMutexEnd(void){
 ** <ul>
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
@@ -26240,19 +27427,27 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int n){
 #endif
 }
 
+/*
+** Default value of the hard heap limit.  0 means "no limit".
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MEMORY
+# define SQLITE_MAX_MEMORY 0
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** State information local to the memory allocation subsystem.
 */
 static SQLITE_WSD struct Mem0Global {
   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Mutex to serialize access */
   sqlite3_int64 alarmThreshold; /* The soft heap limit */
+  sqlite3_int64 hardLimit;      /* The hard upper bound on memory */
 
   /*
   ** True if heap is nearly "full" where "full" is defined by the
   ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit() setting.
   */
   int nearlyFull;
-} mem0 = { 0, 0, 0 };
+} mem0 = { 0, SQLITE_MAX_MEMORY, SQLITE_MAX_MEMORY, 0 };
 
 #define mem0 GLOBAL(struct Mem0Global, mem0)
 
@@ -26282,8 +27477,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_memory_alarm(
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Set the soft heap-size limit for the library. Passing a zero or 
-** negative value indicates no limit.
+** Set the soft heap-size limit for the library.  An argument of
+** zero disables the limit.  A negative argument is a no-op used to
+** obtain the return value.
+**
+** The return value is the value of the heap limit just before this
+** interface was called.
+**
+** If the hard heap limit is enabled, then the soft heap limit cannot
+** be disabled nor raised above the hard heap limit.
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 n){
   sqlite3_int64 priorLimit;
@@ -26299,9 +27501,12 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 n){
     sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
     return priorLimit;
   }
+  if( mem0.hardLimit>0 && (n>mem0.hardLimit || n==0) ){
+    n = mem0.hardLimit;
+  }
   mem0.alarmThreshold = n;
   nUsed = sqlite3StatusValue(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED);
-  mem0.nearlyFull = (n>0 && n<=nUsed);
+  AtomicStore(&mem0.nearlyFull, n>0 && n<=nUsed);
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
   excess = sqlite3_memory_used() - n;
   if( excess>0 ) sqlite3_release_memory((int)(excess & 0x7fffffff));
@@ -26312,6 +27517,37 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int n){
   sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(n);
 }
 
+/*
+** Set the hard heap-size limit for the library. An argument of zero
+** disables the hard heap limit.  A negative argument is a no-op used
+** to obtain the return value without affecting the hard heap limit.
+**
+** The return value is the value of the hard heap limit just prior to
+** calling this interface.
+**
+** Setting the hard heap limit will also activate the soft heap limit
+** and constrain the soft heap limit to be no more than the hard heap
+** limit.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 n){
+  sqlite3_int64 priorLimit;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+  int rc = sqlite3_initialize();
+  if( rc ) return -1;
+#endif
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
+  priorLimit = mem0.hardLimit;
+  if( n>=0 ){
+    mem0.hardLimit = n;
+    if( n<mem0.alarmThreshold || mem0.alarmThreshold==0 ){
+      mem0.alarmThreshold = n;
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+  return priorLimit;
+}
+
+
 /*
 ** Initialize the memory allocation subsystem.
 */
@@ -26338,7 +27574,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocInit(void){
 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit().
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void){
-  return mem0.nearlyFull;
+  return AtomicLoad(&mem0.nearlyFull);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -26372,7 +27608,7 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag){
 }
 
 /*
-** Trigger the alarm 
+** Trigger the alarm
 */
 static void sqlite3MallocAlarm(int nByte){
   if( mem0.alarmThreshold<=0 ) return;
@@ -26398,21 +27634,21 @@ static void mallocWithAlarm(int n, void **pp){
   ** following xRoundup() call. */
   nFull = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xRoundup(n);
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_MEMORY
-  if( sqlite3StatusValue(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED)+nFull>SQLITE_MAX_MEMORY ){
-    *pp = 0;
-    return;
-  }
-#endif
-
   sqlite3StatusHighwater(SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE, n);
   if( mem0.alarmThreshold>0 ){
     sqlite3_int64 nUsed = sqlite3StatusValue(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED);
     if( nUsed >= mem0.alarmThreshold - nFull ){
-      mem0.nearlyFull = 1;
+      AtomicStore(&mem0.nearlyFull, 1);
       sqlite3MallocAlarm(nFull);
+      if( mem0.hardLimit ){
+        nUsed = sqlite3StatusValue(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED);
+        if( nUsed >= mem0.hardLimit - nFull ){
+          *pp = 0;
+          return;
+        }
+      }
     }else{
-      mem0.nearlyFull = 0;
+      AtomicStore(&mem0.nearlyFull, 0);
     }
   }
   p = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc(nFull);
@@ -26491,10 +27727,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocSize(void *p){
   assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
   return sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xSize(p);
 }
+static int lookasideMallocSize(sqlite3 *db, void *p){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
+  return p<db->lookaside.pMiddle ? db->lookaside.szTrue : LOOKASIDE_SMALL;
+#else
+  return db->lookaside.szTrue;
+#endif
+}
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3 *db, void *p){
   assert( p!=0 );
-  if( db==0 || !isLookaside(db,p) ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  if( db==0 || !isLookaside(db,p) ){
     if( db==0 ){
       assert( sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, (u8)~MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
       assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
@@ -26502,12 +27745,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3 *db, void *p){
       assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, (MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE|MEMTYPE_HEAP)) );
       assert( sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, (u8)~(MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE|MEMTYPE_HEAP)) );
     }
+  }
 #endif
-    return sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xSize(p);
-  }else{
-    assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-    return db->lookaside.sz;
+  if( db ){
+    if( ((uptr)p)<(uptr)(db->lookaside.pEnd) ){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
+      if( ((uptr)p)>=(uptr)(db->lookaside.pMiddle) ){
+        assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
+        return LOOKASIDE_SMALL;
+      }
+#endif
+      if( ((uptr)p)>=(uptr)(db->lookaside.pStart) ){
+        assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
+        return db->lookaside.szTrue;
+      }
+    }
   }
+  return sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xSize(p);
 }
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void *p){
   assert( sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, (u8)~MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
@@ -26554,15 +27808,27 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DbFreeNN(sqlite3 *db, void *p){
       measureAllocationSize(db, p);
       return;
     }
-    if( isLookaside(db, p) ){
-      LookasideSlot *pBuf = (LookasideSlot*)p;
+    if( ((uptr)p)<(uptr)(db->lookaside.pEnd) ){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
+      if( ((uptr)p)>=(uptr)(db->lookaside.pMiddle) ){
+        LookasideSlot *pBuf = (LookasideSlot*)p;
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-      /* Trash all content in the buffer being freed */
-      memset(p, 0xaa, db->lookaside.sz);
+        memset(p, 0xaa, LOOKASIDE_SMALL);  /* Trash freed content */
 #endif
-      pBuf->pNext = db->lookaside.pFree;
-      db->lookaside.pFree = pBuf;
-      return;
+        pBuf->pNext = db->lookaside.pSmallFree;
+        db->lookaside.pSmallFree = pBuf;
+        return;
+      }
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
+      if( ((uptr)p)>=(uptr)(db->lookaside.pStart) ){
+        LookasideSlot *pBuf = (LookasideSlot*)p;
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+        memset(p, 0xaa, db->lookaside.szTrue);  /* Trash freed content */
+#endif
+        pBuf->pNext = db->lookaside.pFree;
+        db->lookaside.pFree = pBuf;
+        return;
+      }
     }
   }
   assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, (MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE|MEMTYPE_HEAP)) );
@@ -26603,18 +27869,25 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Realloc(void *pOld, u64 nBytes){
   if( nOld==nNew ){
     pNew = pOld;
   }else if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat ){
+    sqlite3_int64 nUsed;
     sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
     sqlite3StatusHighwater(SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE, (int)nBytes);
     nDiff = nNew - nOld;
-    if( nDiff>0 && sqlite3StatusValue(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED) >= 
+    if( nDiff>0 && (nUsed = sqlite3StatusValue(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED)) >=
           mem0.alarmThreshold-nDiff ){
       sqlite3MallocAlarm(nDiff);
+      if( mem0.hardLimit>0 && nUsed >= mem0.hardLimit - nDiff ){
+        sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+        return 0;
+      }
     }
     pNew = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xRealloc(pOld, nNew);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
     if( pNew==0 && mem0.alarmThreshold>0 ){
       sqlite3MallocAlarm((int)nBytes);
       pNew = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xRealloc(pOld, nNew);
     }
+#endif
     if( pNew ){
       nNew = sqlite3MallocSize(pNew);
       sqlite3StatusUp(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, nNew-nOld);
@@ -26648,7 +27921,7 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc64(void *pOld, sqlite3_uint64 n){
 
 /*
 ** Allocate and zero memory.
-*/ 
+*/
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64 n){
   void *p = sqlite3Malloc(n);
   if( p ){
@@ -26678,13 +27951,13 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void *dbMallocRawFinish(sqlite3 *db, u64 n){
   assert( db!=0 );
   p = sqlite3Malloc(n);
   if( !p ) sqlite3OomFault(db);
-  sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, 
+  sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p,
          (db->lookaside.bDisable==0) ? MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE : MEMTYPE_HEAP);
   return p;
 }
 
 /*
-** Allocate memory, either lookaside (if possible) or heap.  
+** Allocate memory, either lookaside (if possible) or heap.
 ** If the allocation fails, set the mallocFailed flag in
 ** the connection pointer.
 **
@@ -26718,23 +27991,37 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3 *db, u64 n){
   assert( db!=0 );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
   assert( db->pnBytesFreed==0 );
-  if( db->lookaside.bDisable==0 ){
-    assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
-    if( n>db->lookaside.sz ){
+  if( n>db->lookaside.sz ){
+    if( !db->lookaside.bDisable ){
       db->lookaside.anStat[1]++;
-    }else if( (pBuf = db->lookaside.pFree)!=0 ){
-      db->lookaside.pFree = pBuf->pNext;
+    }else if( db->mallocFailed ){
+      return 0;
+    }
+    return dbMallocRawFinish(db, n);
+  }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
+  if( n<=LOOKASIDE_SMALL ){
+    if( (pBuf = db->lookaside.pSmallFree)!=0 ){
+      db->lookaside.pSmallFree = pBuf->pNext;
       db->lookaside.anStat[0]++;
       return (void*)pBuf;
-    }else if( (pBuf = db->lookaside.pInit)!=0 ){
-      db->lookaside.pInit = pBuf->pNext;
+    }else if( (pBuf = db->lookaside.pSmallInit)!=0 ){
+      db->lookaside.pSmallInit = pBuf->pNext;
       db->lookaside.anStat[0]++;
       return (void*)pBuf;
-    }else{
-      db->lookaside.anStat[2]++;
     }
-  }else if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    return 0;
+  }
+#endif
+  if( (pBuf = db->lookaside.pFree)!=0 ){
+    db->lookaside.pFree = pBuf->pNext;
+    db->lookaside.anStat[0]++;
+    return (void*)pBuf;
+  }else if( (pBuf = db->lookaside.pInit)!=0 ){
+    db->lookaside.pInit = pBuf->pNext;
+    db->lookaside.anStat[0]++;
+    return (void*)pBuf;
+  }else{
+    db->lookaside.anStat[2]++;
   }
 #else
   assert( db!=0 );
@@ -26758,7 +28045,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *db, void *p, u64 n){
   assert( db!=0 );
   if( p==0 ) return sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, n);
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  if( isLookaside(db,p) && n<=db->lookaside.sz ) return p;
+  if( ((uptr)p)<(uptr)db->lookaside.pEnd ){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
+    if( ((uptr)p)>=(uptr)db->lookaside.pMiddle ){
+      if( n<=LOOKASIDE_SMALL ) return p;
+    }else
+#endif
+    if( ((uptr)p)>=(uptr)db->lookaside.pStart ){
+      if( n<=db->lookaside.szTrue ) return p;
+    }
+  }
   return dbReallocFinish(db, p, n);
 }
 static SQLITE_NOINLINE void *dbReallocFinish(sqlite3 *db, void *p, u64 n){
@@ -26769,14 +28065,14 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void *dbReallocFinish(sqlite3 *db, void *p, u64 n){
     if( isLookaside(db, p) ){
       pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, n);
       if( pNew ){
-        memcpy(pNew, p, db->lookaside.sz);
+        memcpy(pNew, p, lookasideMallocSize(db, p));
         sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
       }
     }else{
       assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, (MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE|MEMTYPE_HEAP)) );
       assert( sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, (u8)~(MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE|MEMTYPE_HEAP)) );
       sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP);
-      pNew = sqlite3_realloc64(p, n);
+      pNew = sqlite3Realloc(p, n);
       if( !pNew ){
         sqlite3OomFault(db);
       }
@@ -26801,9 +28097,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *db, void *p, u64 n){
 }
 
 /*
-** Make a copy of a string in memory obtained from sqliteMalloc(). These 
+** Make a copy of a string in memory obtained from sqliteMalloc(). These
 ** functions call sqlite3MallocRaw() directly instead of sqliteMalloc(). This
-** is because when memory debugging is turned on, these two functions are 
+** is because when memory debugging is turned on, these two functions are
 ** called via macros that record the current file and line number in the
 ** ThreadData structure.
 */
@@ -26823,11 +28119,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3 *db, const char *z){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3 *db, const char *z, u64 n){
   char *zNew;
   assert( db!=0 );
-  if( z==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
+  assert( z!=0 || n==0 );
   assert( (n&0x7fffffff)==n );
-  zNew = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, n+1);
+  zNew = z ? sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, n+1) : 0;
   if( zNew ){
     memcpy(zNew, z, (size_t)n);
     zNew[n] = 0;
@@ -26866,9 +28160,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3 *db){
   if( db->mallocFailed==0 && db->bBenignMalloc==0 ){
     db->mallocFailed = 1;
     if( db->nVdbeExec>0 ){
-      db->u1.isInterrupted = 1;
+      AtomicStore(&db->u1.isInterrupted, 1);
+    }
+    DisableLookaside;
+    if( db->pParse ){
+      db->pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
     }
-    db->lookaside.bDisable++;
   }
 }
 
@@ -26882,42 +28179,45 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3 *db){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3 *db){
   if( db->mallocFailed && db->nVdbeExec==0 ){
     db->mallocFailed = 0;
-    db->u1.isInterrupted = 0;
+    AtomicStore(&db->u1.isInterrupted, 0);
     assert( db->lookaside.bDisable>0 );
-    db->lookaside.bDisable--;
+    EnableLookaside;
   }
 }
 
 /*
-** Take actions at the end of an API call to indicate an OOM error
+** Take actions at the end of an API call to deal with error codes.
 */
-static SQLITE_NOINLINE int apiOomError(sqlite3 *db){
-  sqlite3OomClear(db);
-  sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_NOMEM);
-  return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE int apiHandleError(sqlite3 *db, int rc){
+  if( db->mallocFailed || rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
+    sqlite3OomClear(db);
+    sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_NOMEM);
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+  }
+  return rc & db->errMask;
 }
 
 /*
-** This function must be called before exiting any API function (i.e. 
+** This function must be called before exiting any API function (i.e.
 ** returning control to the user) that has called sqlite3_malloc or
 ** sqlite3_realloc.
 **
 ** The returned value is normally a copy of the second argument to this
 ** function. However, if a malloc() failure has occurred since the previous
-** invocation SQLITE_NOMEM is returned instead. 
+** invocation SQLITE_NOMEM is returned instead.
 **
 ** If an OOM as occurred, then the connection error-code (the value
 ** returned by sqlite3_errcode()) is set to SQLITE_NOMEM.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3* db, int rc){
   /* If the db handle must hold the connection handle mutex here.
-  ** Otherwise the read (and possible write) of db->mallocFailed 
+  ** Otherwise the read (and possible write) of db->mallocFailed
   ** is unsafe, as is the call to sqlite3Error().
   */
   assert( db!=0 );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  if( db->mallocFailed || rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
-    return apiOomError(db);
+  if( db->mallocFailed || rc ){
+    return apiHandleError(db, rc);
   }
   return rc & db->errMask;
 }
@@ -26926,7 +28226,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3* db, int rc){
 /************** Begin file printf.c ******************************************/
 /*
 ** The "printf" code that follows dates from the 1980's.  It is in
-** the public domain. 
+** the public domain.
 **
 **************************************************************************
 **
@@ -27025,6 +28325,12 @@ static const et_info fmtinfo[] = {
   {  'r', 10, 1, etORDINAL,    0,  0 },
 };
 
+/* Floating point constants used for rounding */
+static const double arRound[] = {
+  5.0e-01, 5.0e-02, 5.0e-03, 5.0e-04, 5.0e-05,
+  5.0e-06, 5.0e-07, 5.0e-08, 5.0e-09, 5.0e-10,
+};
+
 /*
 ** If SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT is defined, then none of the floating point
 ** conversions will work.
@@ -27062,7 +28368,8 @@ static char et_getdigit(LONGDOUBLE_TYPE *val, int *cnt){
 static void setStrAccumError(StrAccum *p, u8 eError){
   assert( eError==SQLITE_NOMEM || eError==SQLITE_TOOBIG );
   p->accError = eError;
-  p->nAlloc = 0;
+  if( p->mxAlloc ) sqlite3_str_reset(p);
+  if( eError==SQLITE_TOOBIG ) sqlite3ErrorToParser(p->db, eError);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -27081,6 +28388,28 @@ static char *getTextArg(PrintfArguments *p){
   return (char*)sqlite3_value_text(p->apArg[p->nUsed++]);
 }
 
+/*
+** Allocate memory for a temporary buffer needed for printf rendering.
+**
+** If the requested size of the temp buffer is larger than the size
+** of the output buffer in pAccum, then cause an SQLITE_TOOBIG error.
+** Do the size check before the memory allocation to prevent rogue
+** SQL from requesting large allocations using the precision or width
+** field of the printf() function.
+*/
+static char *printfTempBuf(sqlite3_str *pAccum, sqlite3_int64 n){
+  char *z;
+  if( pAccum->accError ) return 0;
+  if( n>pAccum->nAlloc && n>pAccum->mxAlloc ){
+    setStrAccumError(pAccum, SQLITE_TOOBIG);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  z = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pAccum->db, n);
+  if( z==0 ){
+    setStrAccumError(pAccum, SQLITE_NOMEM);
+  }
+  return z;
+}
 
 /*
 ** On machines with a small stack size, you can redefine the
@@ -27091,6 +28420,13 @@ static char *getTextArg(PrintfArguments *p){
 #endif
 #define etBUFSIZE SQLITE_PRINT_BUF_SIZE  /* Size of the output buffer */
 
+/*
+** Hard limit on the precision of floating-point conversions.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_PRINTF_PRECISION_LIMIT
+# define SQLITE_FP_PRECISION_LIMIT 100000000
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Render a string given by "fmt" into the StrAccum object.
 */
@@ -27132,7 +28468,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(
   PrintfArguments *pArgList = 0; /* Arguments for SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC */
   char buf[etBUFSIZE];       /* Conversion buffer */
 
-  /* pAccum never starts out with an empty buffer that was obtained from 
+  /* pAccum never starts out with an empty buffer that was obtained from
   ** malloc().  This precondition is required by the mprintf("%z...")
   ** optimization. */
   assert( pAccum->nChar>0 || (pAccum->printfFlags&SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)==0 );
@@ -27163,6 +28499,9 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(
     flag_leftjustify = flag_prefix = cThousand =
      flag_alternateform = flag_altform2 = flag_zeropad = 0;
     done = 0;
+    width = 0;
+    flag_long = 0;
+    precision = -1;
     do{
       switch( c ){
         case '-':   flag_leftjustify = 1;     break;
@@ -27173,80 +28512,93 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(
         case '0':   flag_zeropad = 1;         break;
         case ',':   cThousand = ',';          break;
         default:    done = 1;                 break;
-      }
-    }while( !done && (c=(*++fmt))!=0 );
-    /* Get the field width */
-    if( c=='*' ){
-      if( bArgList ){
-        width = (int)getIntArg(pArgList);
-      }else{
-        width = va_arg(ap,int);
-      }
-      if( width<0 ){
-        flag_leftjustify = 1;
-        width = width >= -2147483647 ? -width : 0;
-      }
-      c = *++fmt;
-    }else{
-      unsigned wx = 0;
-      while( c>='0' && c<='9' ){
-        wx = wx*10 + c - '0';
-        c = *++fmt;
-      }
-      testcase( wx>0x7fffffff );
-      width = wx & 0x7fffffff;
-    }
-    assert( width>=0 );
+        case 'l': {
+          flag_long = 1;
+          c = *++fmt;
+          if( c=='l' ){
+            c = *++fmt;
+            flag_long = 2;
+          }
+          done = 1;
+          break;
+        }
+        case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5':
+        case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': {
+          unsigned wx = c - '0';
+          while( (c = *++fmt)>='0' && c<='9' ){
+            wx = wx*10 + c - '0';
+          }
+          testcase( wx>0x7fffffff );
+          width = wx & 0x7fffffff;
 #ifdef SQLITE_PRINTF_PRECISION_LIMIT
-    if( width>SQLITE_PRINTF_PRECISION_LIMIT ){
-      width = SQLITE_PRINTF_PRECISION_LIMIT;
-    }
+          if( width>SQLITE_PRINTF_PRECISION_LIMIT ){
+            width = SQLITE_PRINTF_PRECISION_LIMIT;
+          }
 #endif
-
-    /* Get the precision */
-    if( c=='.' ){
-      c = *++fmt;
-      if( c=='*' ){
-        if( bArgList ){
-          precision = (int)getIntArg(pArgList);
-        }else{
-          precision = va_arg(ap,int);
+          if( c!='.' && c!='l' ){
+            done = 1;
+          }else{
+            fmt--;
+          }
+          break;
         }
-        c = *++fmt;
-        if( precision<0 ){
-          precision = precision >= -2147483647 ? -precision : -1;
+        case '*': {
+          if( bArgList ){
+            width = (int)getIntArg(pArgList);
+          }else{
+            width = va_arg(ap,int);
+          }
+          if( width<0 ){
+            flag_leftjustify = 1;
+            width = width >= -2147483647 ? -width : 0;
+          }
+#ifdef SQLITE_PRINTF_PRECISION_LIMIT
+          if( width>SQLITE_PRINTF_PRECISION_LIMIT ){
+            width = SQLITE_PRINTF_PRECISION_LIMIT;
+          }
+#endif
+          if( (c = fmt[1])!='.' && c!='l' ){
+            c = *++fmt;
+            done = 1;
+          }
+          break;
         }
-      }else{
-        unsigned px = 0;
-        while( c>='0' && c<='9' ){
-          px = px*10 + c - '0';
+        case '.': {
           c = *++fmt;
-        }
-        testcase( px>0x7fffffff );
-        precision = px & 0x7fffffff;
-      }
-    }else{
-      precision = -1;
-    }
-    assert( precision>=(-1) );
+          if( c=='*' ){
+            if( bArgList ){
+              precision = (int)getIntArg(pArgList);
+            }else{
+              precision = va_arg(ap,int);
+            }
+            if( precision<0 ){
+              precision = precision >= -2147483647 ? -precision : -1;
+            }
+            c = *++fmt;
+          }else{
+            unsigned px = 0;
+            while( c>='0' && c<='9' ){
+              px = px*10 + c - '0';
+              c = *++fmt;
+            }
+            testcase( px>0x7fffffff );
+            precision = px & 0x7fffffff;
+          }
 #ifdef SQLITE_PRINTF_PRECISION_LIMIT
-    if( precision>SQLITE_PRINTF_PRECISION_LIMIT ){
-      precision = SQLITE_PRINTF_PRECISION_LIMIT;
-    }
+          if( precision>SQLITE_PRINTF_PRECISION_LIMIT ){
+            precision = SQLITE_PRINTF_PRECISION_LIMIT;
+          }
 #endif
-
-
-    /* Get the conversion type modifier */
-    if( c=='l' ){
-      flag_long = 1;
-      c = *++fmt;
-      if( c=='l' ){
-        flag_long = 2;
-        c = *++fmt;
+          if( c=='l' ){
+            --fmt;
+          }else{
+            done = 1;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
       }
-    }else{
-      flag_long = 0;
-    }
+    }while( !done && (c=(*++fmt))!=0 );
+
     /* Fetch the info entry for the field */
     infop = &fmtinfo[0];
     xtype = etINVALID;
@@ -27275,15 +28627,17 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(
     **   xtype                       The class of the conversion.
     **   infop                       Pointer to the appropriate info struct.
     */
+    assert( width>=0 );
+    assert( precision>=(-1) );
     switch( xtype ){
       case etPOINTER:
         flag_long = sizeof(char*)==sizeof(i64) ? 2 :
                      sizeof(char*)==sizeof(long int) ? 1 : 0;
-        /* Fall through into the next case */
+        /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
       case etORDINAL:
-      case etRADIX:      
+      case etRADIX:
         cThousand = 0;
-        /* Fall through into the next case */
+        /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
       case etDECIMAL:
         if( infop->flags & FLAG_SIGNED ){
           i64 v;
@@ -27299,11 +28653,10 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(
             v = va_arg(ap,int);
           }
           if( v<0 ){
-            if( v==SMALLEST_INT64 ){
-              longvalue = ((u64)1)<<63;
-            }else{
-              longvalue = -v;
-            }
+            testcase( v==SMALLEST_INT64 );
+            testcase( v==(-1) );
+            longvalue = ~v;
+            longvalue++;
             prefix = '-';
           }else{
             longvalue = v;
@@ -27331,12 +28684,11 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(
           nOut = etBUFSIZE;
           zOut = buf;
         }else{
-          u64 n = (u64)precision + 10 + precision/3;
-          zOut = zExtra = sqlite3Malloc( n );
-          if( zOut==0 ){
-            setStrAccumError(pAccum, SQLITE_NOMEM);
-            return;
-          }
+          u64 n;
+          n = (u64)precision + 10;
+          if( cThousand ) n += precision/3;
+          zOut = zExtra = printfTempBuf(pAccum, n);
+          if( zOut==0 ) return;
           nOut = (int)n;
         }
         bufpt = &zOut[nOut-1];
@@ -27397,6 +28749,11 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(
         length = 0;
 #else
         if( precision<0 ) precision = 6;         /* Set default precision */
+#ifdef SQLITE_FP_PRECISION_LIMIT
+        if( precision>SQLITE_FP_PRECISION_LIMIT ){
+          precision = SQLITE_FP_PRECISION_LIMIT;
+        }
+#endif
         if( realvalue<0.0 ){
           realvalue = -realvalue;
           prefix = '-';
@@ -27405,8 +28762,18 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(
         }
         if( xtype==etGENERIC && precision>0 ) precision--;
         testcase( precision>0xfff );
-        for(idx=precision&0xfff, rounder=0.5; idx>0; idx--, rounder*=0.1){}
-        if( xtype==etFLOAT ) realvalue += rounder;
+        idx = precision & 0xfff;
+        rounder = arRound[idx%10];
+        while( idx>=10 ){ rounder *= 1.0e-10; idx -= 10; }
+        if( xtype==etFLOAT ){
+          double rx = (double)realvalue;
+          sqlite3_uint64 u;
+          int ex;
+          memcpy(&u, &rx, sizeof(u));
+          ex = -1023 + (int)((u>>52)&0x7ff);
+          if( precision+(ex/3) < 15 ) rounder += realvalue*3e-16;
+          realvalue += rounder;
+        }
         /* Normalize realvalue to within 10.0 > realvalue >= 1.0 */
         exp = 0;
         if( sqlite3IsNaN((double)realvalue) ){
@@ -27455,12 +28822,12 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(
         }else{
           e2 = exp;
         }
-        if( MAX(e2,0)+(i64)precision+(i64)width > etBUFSIZE - 15 ){
-          bufpt = zExtra 
-              = sqlite3Malloc( MAX(e2,0)+(i64)precision+(i64)width+15 );
-          if( bufpt==0 ){
-            setStrAccumError(pAccum, SQLITE_NOMEM);
-            return;
+        {
+          i64 szBufNeeded;           /* Size of a temporary buffer needed */
+          szBufNeeded = MAX(e2,0)+(i64)precision+(i64)width+15;
+          if( szBufNeeded > etBUFSIZE ){
+            bufpt = zExtra = printfTempBuf(pAccum, szBufNeeded);
+            if( bufpt==0 ) return;
           }
         }
         zOut = bufpt;
@@ -27669,7 +29036,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(
         }
         isnull = escarg==0;
         if( isnull ) escarg = (xtype==etSQLESCAPE2 ? "NULL" : "(NULL)");
-        /* For %q, %Q, and %w, the precision is the number of byte (or
+        /* For %q, %Q, and %w, the precision is the number of bytes (or
         ** characters if the ! flags is present) to use from the input.
         ** Because of the extra quoting characters inserted, the number
         ** of output characters may be larger than the precision.
@@ -27684,11 +29051,8 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(
         needQuote = !isnull && xtype==etSQLESCAPE2;
         n += i + 3;
         if( n>etBUFSIZE ){
-          bufpt = zExtra = sqlite3Malloc( n );
-          if( bufpt==0 ){
-            setStrAccumError(pAccum, SQLITE_NOMEM);
-            return;
-          }
+          bufpt = zExtra = printfTempBuf(pAccum, n);
+          if( bufpt==0 ) return;
         }else{
           bufpt = buf;
         }
@@ -27778,9 +29142,8 @@ static int sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(StrAccum *p, int N){
     return 0;
   }
   if( p->mxAlloc==0 ){
-    N = p->nAlloc - p->nChar - 1;
     setStrAccumError(p, SQLITE_TOOBIG);
-    return N;
+    return p->nAlloc - p->nChar - 1;
   }else{
     char *zOld = isMalloced(p) ? p->zText : 0;
     i64 szNew = p->nChar;
@@ -27800,7 +29163,7 @@ static int sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(StrAccum *p, int N){
     if( p->db ){
       zNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(p->db, zOld, p->nAlloc);
     }else{
-      zNew = sqlite3_realloc64(zOld, p->nAlloc);
+      zNew = sqlite3Realloc(zOld, p->nAlloc);
     }
     if( zNew ){
       assert( p->zText!=0 || p->nChar==0 );
@@ -27852,7 +29215,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str *p, const char *z, int N){
   assert( z!=0 || N==0 );
   assert( p->zText!=0 || p->nChar==0 || p->accError );
   assert( N>=0 );
-  assert( p->accError==0 || p->nAlloc==0 );
+  assert( p->accError==0 || p->nAlloc==0 || p->mxAlloc==0 );
   if( p->nChar+N >= p->nAlloc ){
     enlargeAndAppend(p,z,N);
   }else if( N ){
@@ -28029,7 +29392,7 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char *zFormat, va_list ap){
   char zBase[SQLITE_PRINT_BUF_SIZE];
   StrAccum acc;
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR  
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
   if( zFormat==0 ){
     (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
     return 0;
@@ -28142,7 +29505,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char *zFormat, ...){
   va_list ap;
   StrAccum acc;
-  char zBuf[500];
+  char zBuf[SQLITE_PRINT_BUF_SIZE*10];
   sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, 0, zBuf, sizeof(zBuf), 0);
   va_start(ap,zFormat);
   sqlite3_str_vappendf(&acc, zFormat, ap);
@@ -28188,7 +29551,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_appendf(StrAccum *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
 **
 ** This file contains C code to implement the TreeView debugging routines.
 ** These routines print a parse tree to standard output for debugging and
-** analysis. 
+** analysis.
 **
 ** The interfaces in this file is only available when compiling
 ** with SQLITE_DEBUG.
@@ -28242,7 +29605,7 @@ static void sqlite3TreeViewLine(TreeView *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
     va_start(ap, zFormat);
     sqlite3_str_vappendf(&acc, zFormat, ap);
     va_end(ap);
-    assert( acc.nChar>0 );
+    assert( acc.nChar>0 || acc.accError );
     sqlite3_str_append(&acc, "\n", 1);
   }
   sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
@@ -28282,7 +29645,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView *pView, const With *pWith, u8 m
         char cSep = '(';
         int j;
         for(j=0; j<pCte->pCols->nExpr; j++){
-          sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%c%s", cSep, pCte->pCols->a[j].zName);
+          sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%c%s", cSep, pCte->pCols->a[j].zEName);
           cSep = ',';
         }
         sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, ")");
@@ -28297,6 +29660,46 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView *pView, const With *pWith, u8 m
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** Generate a human-readable description of a SrcList object.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(TreeView *pView, const SrcList *pSrc){
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc; i++){
+    const struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pSrc->a[i];
+    StrAccum x;
+    char zLine[100];
+    sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, zLine, sizeof(zLine), 0);
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "{%d:*}", pItem->iCursor);
+    if( pItem->zDatabase ){
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " %s.%s", pItem->zDatabase, pItem->zName);
+    }else if( pItem->zName ){
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " %s", pItem->zName);
+    }
+    if( pItem->pTab ){
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " tab=%Q nCol=%d ptr=%p used=%llx",
+           pItem->pTab->zName, pItem->pTab->nCol, pItem->pTab, pItem->colUsed);
+    }
+    if( pItem->zAlias ){
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " (AS %s)", pItem->zAlias);
+    }
+    if( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT ){
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " LEFT-JOIN");
+    }
+    if( pItem->fg.fromDDL ){
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " DDL");
+    }
+    sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
+    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zLine, i<pSrc->nSrc-1);
+    if( pItem->pSelect ){
+      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pItem->pSelect, 0);
+    }
+    if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc ){
+      sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pItem->u1.pFuncArg, 0, "func-args:");
+    }
+    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
+  }
+}
 
 /*
 ** Generate a human-readable description of a Select object.
@@ -28307,7 +29710,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView *pView, const Select *p, u8 m
   if( p==0 ){
     sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "nil-SELECT");
     return;
-  } 
+  }
   pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
   if( p->pWith ){
     sqlite3TreeViewWith(pView, p->pWith, 1);
@@ -28315,13 +29718,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView *pView, const Select *p, u8 m
     sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, 1);
   }
   do{
-    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,
-      "SELECT%s%s (%u/%p) selFlags=0x%x nSelectRow=%d",
-      ((p->selFlags & SF_Distinct) ? " DISTINCT" : ""),
-      ((p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate) ? " agg_flag" : ""),
-      p->selId, p, p->selFlags,
-      (int)p->nSelectRow
-    );
+    if( p->selFlags & SF_WhereBegin ){
+      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "sqlite3WhereBegin()");
+    }else{
+      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,
+        "SELECT%s%s (%u/%p) selFlags=0x%x nSelectRow=%d",
+        ((p->selFlags & SF_Distinct) ? " DISTINCT" : ""),
+        ((p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate) ? " agg_flag" : ""),
+        p->selId, p, p->selFlags,
+        (int)p->nSelectRow
+      );
+    }
     if( cnt++ ) sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
     if( p->pPrior ){
       n = 1000;
@@ -28338,7 +29745,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView *pView, const Select *p, u8 m
       if( p->pWinDefn ) n++;
 #endif
     }
-    sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pEList, (n--)>0, "result-set");
+    if( p->pEList ){
+      sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pEList, n>0, "result-set");
+    }
+    n--;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
     if( p->pWin ){
       Window *pX;
@@ -28351,39 +29761,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView *pView, const Select *p, u8 m
     }
 #endif
     if( p->pSrc && p->pSrc->nSrc ){
-      int i;
       pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, (n--)>0);
       sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "FROM");
-      for(i=0; i<p->pSrc->nSrc; i++){
-        struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->pSrc->a[i];
-        StrAccum x;
-        char zLine[100];
-        sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, zLine, sizeof(zLine), 0);
-        sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "{%d,*}", pItem->iCursor);
-        if( pItem->zDatabase ){
-          sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " %s.%s", pItem->zDatabase, pItem->zName);
-        }else if( pItem->zName ){
-          sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " %s", pItem->zName);
-        }
-        if( pItem->pTab ){
-          sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " tabname=%Q", pItem->pTab->zName);
-        }
-        if( pItem->zAlias ){
-          sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " (AS %s)", pItem->zAlias);
-        }
-        if( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT ){
-          sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " LEFT-JOIN");
-        }
-        sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
-        sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zLine, i<p->pSrc->nSrc-1); 
-        if( pItem->pSelect ){
-          sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pItem->pSelect, 0);
-        }
-        if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc ){
-          sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pItem->u1.pFuncArg, 0, "func-args:");
-        }
-        sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
-      }
+      sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(pView, p->pSrc);
       sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
     }
     if( p->pWhere ){
@@ -28478,24 +29858,62 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewBound(
 ** Generate a human-readable explanation for a Window object
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewWindow(TreeView *pView, const Window *pWin, u8 more){
+  int nElement = 0;
+  if( pWin->pFilter ){
+    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "FILTER", 1);
+    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pWin->pFilter, 0);
+    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
+  }
   pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, more);
   if( pWin->zName ){
-    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "OVER %s", pWin->zName);
+    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "OVER %s (%p)", pWin->zName, pWin);
   }else{
-    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "OVER");
+    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "OVER (%p)", pWin);
+  }
+  if( pWin->zBase )    nElement++;
+  if( pWin->pOrderBy ) nElement++;
+  if( pWin->eFrmType ) nElement++;
+  if( pWin->eExclude ) nElement++;
+  if( pWin->zBase ){
+    sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, (--nElement)>0);
+    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "window: %s", pWin->zBase);
+    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
   }
   if( pWin->pPartition ){
-    sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pWin->pPartition, 1, "PARTITION-BY");
+    sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pWin->pPartition, nElement>0,"PARTITION-BY");
   }
   if( pWin->pOrderBy ){
-    sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pWin->pOrderBy, 1, "ORDER-BY");
-  }
-  if( pWin->eType ){
-    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, pWin->eType==TK_RANGE ? "RANGE" : "ROWS", 0);
+    sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pWin->pOrderBy, (--nElement)>0, "ORDER-BY");
+  }
+  if( pWin->eFrmType ){
+    char zBuf[30];
+    const char *zFrmType = "ROWS";
+    if( pWin->eFrmType==TK_RANGE ) zFrmType = "RANGE";
+    if( pWin->eFrmType==TK_GROUPS ) zFrmType = "GROUPS";
+    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf),zBuf,"%s%s",zFrmType,
+        pWin->bImplicitFrame ? " (implied)" : "");
+    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zBuf, (--nElement)>0);
     sqlite3TreeViewBound(pView, pWin->eStart, pWin->pStart, 1);
     sqlite3TreeViewBound(pView, pWin->eEnd, pWin->pEnd, 0);
     sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
   }
+  if( pWin->eExclude ){
+    char zBuf[30];
+    const char *zExclude;
+    switch( pWin->eExclude ){
+      case TK_NO:      zExclude = "NO OTHERS";   break;
+      case TK_CURRENT: zExclude = "CURRENT ROW"; break;
+      case TK_GROUP:   zExclude = "GROUP";       break;
+      case TK_TIES:    zExclude = "TIES";        break;
+      default:
+        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf),zBuf,"invalid(%d)", pWin->eExclude);
+        zExclude = zBuf;
+        break;
+    }
+    sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, 0);
+    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "EXCLUDE %s", zExclude);
+    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
+  }
   sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC */
@@ -28519,20 +29937,28 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewWinFunc(TreeView *pView, const Window *pWin,
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 moreToFollow){
   const char *zBinOp = 0;   /* Binary operator */
   const char *zUniOp = 0;   /* Unary operator */
-  char zFlgs[60];
+  char zFlgs[200];
   pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
   if( pExpr==0 ){
     sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "nil");
     sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
     return;
   }
-  if( pExpr->flags ){
+  if( pExpr->flags || pExpr->affExpr || pExpr->vvaFlags ){
+    StrAccum x;
+    sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, zFlgs, sizeof(zFlgs), 0);
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " fg.af=%x.%c",
+      pExpr->flags, pExpr->affExpr ? pExpr->affExpr : 'n');
     if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ){
-      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zFlgs),zFlgs,"  flags=0x%x iRJT=%d",
-                       pExpr->flags, pExpr->iRightJoinTable);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zFlgs),zFlgs,"  flags=0x%x",pExpr->flags);
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " iRJT=%d", pExpr->iRightJoinTable);
+    }
+    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromDDL) ){
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " DDL");
+    }
+    if( ExprHasVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_Immutable) ){
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " IMMUTABLE");
     }
+    sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
   }else{
     zFlgs[0] = 0;
   }
@@ -28545,10 +29971,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 m
     case TK_COLUMN: {
       if( pExpr->iTable<0 ){
         /* This only happens when coding check constraints */
-        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "COLUMN(%d)%s", pExpr->iColumn, zFlgs);
+        char zOp2[16];
+        if( pExpr->op2 ){
+          sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zOp2),zOp2," op2=0x%02x",pExpr->op2);
+        }else{
+          zOp2[0] = 0;
+        }
+        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "COLUMN(%d)%s%s",
+                                    pExpr->iColumn, zFlgs, zOp2);
       }else{
-        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "{%d:%d}%s",
-                             pExpr->iTable, pExpr->iColumn, zFlgs);
+        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "{%d:%d} pTab=%p%s",
+                        pExpr->iTable, pExpr->iColumn,
+                        pExpr->y.pTab, zFlgs);
       }
       if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FixedCol) ){
         sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
@@ -28630,6 +30064,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 m
     case TK_RSHIFT:  zBinOp = "RSHIFT"; break;
     case TK_CONCAT:  zBinOp = "CONCAT"; break;
     case TK_DOT:     zBinOp = "DOT";    break;
+    case TK_LIMIT:   zBinOp = "LIMIT";  break;
 
     case TK_UMINUS:  zUniOp = "UMINUS"; break;
     case TK_UPLUS:   zUniOp = "UPLUS";  break;
@@ -28645,7 +30080,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 m
       };
       assert( pExpr->op2==TK_IS || pExpr->op2==TK_ISNOT );
       assert( pExpr->pRight );
-      assert( pExpr->pRight->op==TK_TRUEFALSE );
+      assert( sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr->pRight)->op==TK_TRUEFALSE );
       x = (pExpr->op2==TK_ISNOT)*2 + sqlite3ExprTruthValue(pExpr->pRight);
       zUniOp = azOp[x];
       break;
@@ -28658,7 +30093,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 m
     }
 
     case TK_COLLATE: {
-      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "COLLATE %Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
+      /* COLLATE operators without the EP_Collate flag are intended to
+      ** emulate collation associated with a table column.  These show
+      ** up in the treeview output as "SOFT-COLLATE".  Explicit COLLATE
+      ** operators that appear in the original SQL always have the
+      ** EP_Collate bit set and appear in treeview output as just "COLLATE" */
+      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%sCOLLATE %Q%s",
+        !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Collate) ? "SOFT-" : "",
+        pExpr->u.zToken, zFlgs);
       sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
       break;
     }
@@ -28673,16 +30115,29 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 m
       }else{
         pFarg = pExpr->x.pList;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-        pWin = pExpr->pWin;
+        pWin = ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ? pExpr->y.pWin : 0;
 #else
         pWin = 0;
-#endif 
+#endif
       }
       if( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION ){
-        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "AGG_FUNCTION%d %Q",
-                             pExpr->op2, pExpr->u.zToken);
+        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "AGG_FUNCTION%d %Q%s agg=%d[%d]/%p",
+                             pExpr->op2, pExpr->u.zToken, zFlgs,
+                             pExpr->pAggInfo ? pExpr->pAggInfo->selId : 0,
+                             pExpr->iAgg, pExpr->pAggInfo);
+      }else if( pExpr->op2!=0 ){
+        const char *zOp2;
+        char zBuf[8];
+        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf),zBuf,"0x%02x",pExpr->op2);
+        zOp2 = zBuf;
+        if( pExpr->op2==NC_IsCheck ) zOp2 = "NC_IsCheck";
+        if( pExpr->op2==NC_IdxExpr ) zOp2 = "NC_IdxExpr";
+        if( pExpr->op2==NC_PartIdx ) zOp2 = "NC_PartIdx";
+        if( pExpr->op2==NC_GenCol ) zOp2 = "NC_GenCol";
+        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "FUNCTION %Q%s op2=%s",
+                            pExpr->u.zToken, zFlgs, zOp2);
       }else{
-        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "FUNCTION %Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
+        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "FUNCTION %Q%s", pExpr->u.zToken, zFlgs);
       }
       if( pFarg ){
         sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pFarg, pWin!=0, 0);
@@ -28701,7 +30156,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 m
       break;
     }
     case TK_SELECT: {
-      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SELECT-expr flags=0x%x", pExpr->flags);
+      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "subquery-expr flags=0x%x", pExpr->flags);
       sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
       break;
     }
@@ -28746,7 +30201,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 m
       ** is set to the column of the pseudo-table to read, or to -1 to
       ** read the rowid field.
       */
-      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s(%d)", 
+      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s(%d)",
           pExpr->iTable ? "NEW" : "OLD", pExpr->iColumn);
       break;
     }
@@ -28759,7 +30214,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 m
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
     case TK_RAISE: {
       const char *zType = "unk";
-      switch( pExpr->affinity ){
+      switch( pExpr->affExpr ){
         case OE_Rollback:   zType = "rollback";  break;
         case OE_Abort:      zType = "abort";     break;
         case OE_Fail:       zType = "fail";      break;
@@ -28776,7 +30231,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 m
       break;
     }
     case TK_VECTOR: {
-      sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(pView, pExpr->x.pList, "VECTOR");
+      char *z = sqlite3_mprintf("VECTOR%s",zFlgs);
+      sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(pView, pExpr->x.pList, z);
+      sqlite3_free(z);
       break;
     }
     case TK_SELECT_COLUMN: {
@@ -28800,7 +30257,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 m
     sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pRight, 0);
   }else if( zUniOp ){
     sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s%s", zUniOp, zFlgs);
-    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
+   sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
   }
   sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
 }
@@ -28822,8 +30279,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(
     sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", zLabel);
     for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
       int j = pList->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol;
-      char *zName = pList->a[i].zName;
+      char *zName = pList->a[i].zEName;
       int moreToFollow = i<pList->nExpr - 1;
+      if( pList->a[i].eEName!=ENAME_NAME ) zName = 0;
       if( j || zName ){
         sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
         moreToFollow = 0;
@@ -29065,13 +30523,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ThreadCreate(
   memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
   p->xTask = xTask;
   p->pIn = pIn;
-  /* If the SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL callback is registered to a 
+  /* If the SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL callback is registered to a
   ** function that returns SQLITE_ERROR when passed the argument 200, that
-  ** forces worker threads to run sequentially and deterministically 
+  ** forces worker threads to run sequentially and deterministically
   ** for testing purposes. */
   if( sqlite3FaultSim(200) ){
     rc = 1;
-  }else{    
+  }else{
     rc = pthread_create(&p->tid, 0, xTask, pIn);
   }
   if( rc ){
@@ -29153,9 +30611,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ThreadCreate(
   *ppThread = 0;
   p = sqlite3Malloc(sizeof(*p));
   if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-  /* If the SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL callback is registered to a 
+  /* If the SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL callback is registered to a
   ** function that returns SQLITE_ERROR when passed the argument 200, that
-  ** forces worker threads to run sequentially and deterministically 
+  ** forces worker threads to run sequentially and deterministically
   ** (via the sqlite3FaultSim() term of the conditional) for testing
   ** purposes. */
   if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex==0 || sqlite3FaultSim(200) ){
@@ -29284,7 +30742,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread *p, void **ppOut){
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
-** This file contains routines used to translate between UTF-8, 
+** This file contains routines used to translate between UTF-8,
 ** UTF-16, UTF-16BE, and UTF-16LE.
 **
 ** Notes on UTF-8:
@@ -29380,26 +30838,6 @@ static const unsigned char sqlite3Utf8Trans1[] = {
   }                                                                 \
 }
 
-#define READ_UTF16LE(zIn, TERM, c){                                   \
-  c = (*zIn++);                                                       \
-  c += ((*zIn++)<<8);                                                 \
-  if( c>=0xD800 && c<0xE000 && TERM ){                                \
-    int c2 = (*zIn++);                                                \
-    c2 += ((*zIn++)<<8);                                              \
-    c = (c2&0x03FF) + ((c&0x003F)<<10) + (((c&0x03C0)+0x0040)<<10);   \
-  }                                                                   \
-}
-
-#define READ_UTF16BE(zIn, TERM, c){                                   \
-  c = ((*zIn++)<<8);                                                  \
-  c += (*zIn++);                                                      \
-  if( c>=0xD800 && c<0xE000 && TERM ){                                \
-    int c2 = ((*zIn++)<<8);                                           \
-    c2 += (*zIn++);                                                   \
-    c = (c2&0x03FF) + ((c&0x003F)<<10) + (((c&0x03C0)+0x0040)<<10);   \
-  }                                                                   \
-}
-
 /*
 ** Translate a single UTF-8 character.  Return the unicode value.
 **
@@ -29465,7 +30903,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(
 /*
 ** If the TRANSLATE_TRACE macro is defined, the value of each Mem is
 ** printed on stderr on the way into and out of sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate().
-*/ 
+*/
 /* #define TRANSLATE_TRACE 1 */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
@@ -29475,11 +30913,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(
 ** encoding, or if *pMem does not contain a string value.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(Mem *pMem, u8 desiredEnc){
-  int len;                    /* Maximum length of output string in bytes */
-  unsigned char *zOut;                  /* Output buffer */
-  unsigned char *zIn;                   /* Input iterator */
-  unsigned char *zTerm;                 /* End of input */
-  unsigned char *z;                     /* Output iterator */
+  sqlite3_int64 len;          /* Maximum length of output string in bytes */
+  unsigned char *zOut;        /* Output buffer */
+  unsigned char *zIn;         /* Input iterator */
+  unsigned char *zTerm;       /* End of input */
+  unsigned char *z;           /* Output iterator */
   unsigned int c;
 
   assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
@@ -29490,13 +30928,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(Mem *pMem, u8 desired
 
 #if defined(TRANSLATE_TRACE) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
   {
-    char zBuf[100];
-    sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(pMem, zBuf);
-    fprintf(stderr, "INPUT:  %s\n", zBuf);
+    StrAccum acc;
+    char zBuf[1000];
+    sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, 0, zBuf, sizeof(zBuf), 0);
+    sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(pMem, &acc);
+    fprintf(stderr, "INPUT:  %s\n", sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc));
   }
 #endif
 
-  /* If the translation is between UTF-16 little and big endian, then 
+  /* If the translation is between UTF-16 little and big endian, then
   ** all that is required is to swap the byte order. This case is handled
   ** differently from the others.
   */
@@ -29528,14 +30968,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(Mem *pMem, u8 desired
     ** nul-terminator.
     */
     pMem->n &= ~1;
-    len = pMem->n * 2 + 1;
+    len = 2 * (sqlite3_int64)pMem->n + 1;
   }else{
     /* When converting from UTF-8 to UTF-16 the maximum growth is caused
     ** when a 1-byte UTF-8 character is translated into a 2-byte UTF-16
     ** character. Two bytes are required in the output buffer for the
     ** nul-terminator.
     */
-    len = pMem->n * 2 + 2;
+    len = 2 * (sqlite3_int64)pMem->n + 2;
   }
 
   /* Set zIn to point at the start of the input buffer and zTerm to point 1
@@ -29574,13 +31014,59 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(Mem *pMem, u8 desired
     if( pMem->enc==SQLITE_UTF16LE ){
       /* UTF-16 Little-endian -> UTF-8 */
       while( zIn<zTerm ){
-        READ_UTF16LE(zIn, zIn<zTerm, c); 
+        c = *(zIn++);
+        c += (*(zIn++))<<8;
+        if( c>=0xd800 && c<0xe000 ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_REPLACE_INVALID_UTF
+          if( c>=0xdc00 || zIn>=zTerm ){
+            c = 0xfffd;
+          }else{
+            int c2 = *(zIn++);
+            c2 += (*(zIn++))<<8;
+            if( c2<0xdc00 || c2>=0xe000 ){
+              zIn -= 2;
+              c = 0xfffd;
+            }else{
+              c = ((c&0x3ff)<<10) + (c2&0x3ff) + 0x10000;
+            }
+          }
+#else
+          if( zIn<zTerm ){
+            int c2 = (*zIn++);
+            c2 += ((*zIn++)<<8);
+            c = (c2&0x03FF) + ((c&0x003F)<<10) + (((c&0x03C0)+0x0040)<<10);
+          }
+#endif
+        }
         WRITE_UTF8(z, c);
       }
     }else{
       /* UTF-16 Big-endian -> UTF-8 */
       while( zIn<zTerm ){
-        READ_UTF16BE(zIn, zIn<zTerm, c); 
+        c = (*(zIn++))<<8;
+        c += *(zIn++);
+        if( c>=0xd800 && c<0xe000 ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_REPLACE_INVALID_UTF
+          if( c>=0xdc00 || zIn>=zTerm ){
+            c = 0xfffd;
+          }else{
+            int c2 = (*(zIn++))<<8;
+            c2 += *(zIn++);
+            if( c2<0xdc00 || c2>=0xe000 ){
+              zIn -= 2;
+              c = 0xfffd;
+            }else{
+              c = ((c&0x3ff)<<10) + (c2&0x3ff) + 0x10000;
+            }
+          }
+#else
+          if( zIn<zTerm ){
+            int c2 = ((*zIn++)<<8);
+            c2 += (*zIn++);
+            c = (c2&0x03FF) + ((c&0x003F)<<10) + (((c&0x03C0)+0x0040)<<10);
+          }
+#endif
+        }
         WRITE_UTF8(z, c);
       }
     }
@@ -29589,9 +31075,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(Mem *pMem, u8 desired
   *z = 0;
   assert( (pMem->n+(desiredEnc==SQLITE_UTF8?1:2))<=len );
 
-  c = pMem->flags;
+  c = MEM_Str|MEM_Term|(pMem->flags&(MEM_AffMask|MEM_Subtype));
   sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
-  pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term|(c&(MEM_AffMask|MEM_Subtype));
+  pMem->flags = c;
   pMem->enc = desiredEnc;
   pMem->z = (char*)zOut;
   pMem->zMalloc = pMem->z;
@@ -29600,9 +31086,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(Mem *pMem, u8 desired
 translate_out:
 #if defined(TRANSLATE_TRACE) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
   {
-    char zBuf[100];
-    sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(pMem, zBuf);
-    fprintf(stderr, "OUTPUT: %s\n", zBuf);
+    StrAccum acc;
+    char zBuf[1000];
+    sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, 0, zBuf, sizeof(zBuf), 0);
+    sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(pMem, &acc);
+    fprintf(stderr, "OUTPUT: %s\n", sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc));
   }
 #endif
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -29611,7 +31099,7 @@ translate_out:
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 /*
-** This routine checks for a byte-order mark at the beginning of the 
+** This routine checks for a byte-order mark at the beginning of the
 ** UTF-16 string stored in *pMem. If one is present, it is removed and
 ** the encoding of the Mem adjusted. This routine does not do any
 ** byte-swapping, it just sets Mem.enc appropriately.
@@ -29634,7 +31122,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemHandleBom(Mem *pMem){
       bom = SQLITE_UTF16LE;
     }
   }
-  
+
   if( bom ){
     rc = sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(pMem);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -29654,7 +31142,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemHandleBom(Mem *pMem){
 ** pZ is a UTF-8 encoded unicode string. If nByte is less than zero,
 ** return the number of unicode characters in pZ up to (but not including)
 ** the first 0x00 byte. If nByte is not less than zero, return the
-** number of unicode characters in the first nByte of pZ (or up to 
+** number of unicode characters in the first nByte of pZ (or up to
 ** the first 0x00, whichever comes first).
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *zIn, int nByte){
@@ -29674,7 +31162,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *zIn, int nByte){
   return r;
 }
 
-/* This test function is not currently used by the automated test-suite. 
+/* This test function is not currently used by the automated test-suite.
 ** Hence it is only available in debug builds.
 */
 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
@@ -29736,19 +31224,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *zIn, int nChar){
   int c;
   unsigned char const *z = zIn;
   int n = 0;
-  
-  if( SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE==SQLITE_UTF16BE ){
-    while( n<nChar ){
-      READ_UTF16BE(z, 1, c);
-      n++;
-    }
-  }else{
-    while( n<nChar ){
-      READ_UTF16LE(z, 1, c);
-      n++;
-    }
+
+  if( SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE==SQLITE_UTF16LE ) z++;
+  while( n<nChar ){
+    c = z[0];
+    z += 2;
+    if( c>=0xd8 && c<0xdc && z[0]>=0xdc && z[0]<0xe0 ) z += 2;
+    n++;
   }
-  return (int)(z-(unsigned char const *)zIn);
+  return (int)(z-(unsigned char const *)zIn)
+              - (SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE==SQLITE_UTF16LE);
 }
 
 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
@@ -29778,30 +31263,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UtfSelfTest(void){
     assert( c==t );
     assert( (z-zBuf)==n );
   }
-  for(i=0; i<0x00110000; i++){
-    if( i>=0xD800 && i<0xE000 ) continue;
-    z = zBuf;
-    WRITE_UTF16LE(z, i);
-    n = (int)(z-zBuf);
-    assert( n>0 && n<=4 );
-    z[0] = 0;
-    z = zBuf;
-    READ_UTF16LE(z, 1, c);
-    assert( c==i );
-    assert( (z-zBuf)==n );
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<0x00110000; i++){
-    if( i>=0xD800 && i<0xE000 ) continue;
-    z = zBuf;
-    WRITE_UTF16BE(z, i);
-    n = (int)(z-zBuf);
-    assert( n>0 && n<=4 );
-    z[0] = 0;
-    z = zBuf;
-    READ_UTF16BE(z, 1, c);
-    assert( c==i );
-    assert( (z-zBuf)==n );
-  }
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_TEST */
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
@@ -29827,8 +31288,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UtfSelfTest(void){
 */
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 /* #include <stdarg.h> */
-#if HAVE_ISNAN || SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
-# include <math.h>
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
+#include <math.h>
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -29842,15 +31303,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Coverage(int x){
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Give a callback to the test harness that can be used to simulate faults
-** in places where it is difficult or expensive to do so purely by means
-** of inputs.
+** Calls to sqlite3FaultSim() are used to simulate a failure during testing,
+** or to bypass normal error detection during testing in order to let
+** execute proceed futher downstream.
+**
+** In deployment, sqlite3FaultSim() *always* return SQLITE_OK (0).  The
+** sqlite3FaultSim() function only returns non-zero during testing.
 **
-** The intent of the integer argument is to let the fault simulator know
-** which of multiple sqlite3FaultSim() calls has been hit.
+** During testing, if the test harness has set a fault-sim callback using
+** a call to sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL), then
+** each call to sqlite3FaultSim() is relayed to that application-supplied
+** callback and the integer return value form the application-supplied
+** callback is returned by sqlite3FaultSim().
 **
-** Return whatever integer value the test callback returns, or return
-** SQLITE_OK if no test callback is installed.
+** The integer argument to sqlite3FaultSim() is a code to identify which
+** sqlite3FaultSim() instance is being invoked. Each call to sqlite3FaultSim()
+** should have a unique code.  To prevent legacy testing applications from
+** breaking, the codes should not be changed or reused.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FaultSim(int iTest){
@@ -29862,47 +31331,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FaultSim(int iTest){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
 /*
 ** Return true if the floating point value is Not a Number (NaN).
-**
-** Use the math library isnan() function if compiled with SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN.
-** Otherwise, we have our own implementation that works on most systems.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsNaN(double x){
-  int rc;   /* The value return */
-#if !SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN && !HAVE_ISNAN
-  /*
-  ** Systems that support the isnan() library function should probably
-  ** make use of it by compiling with -DSQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN.  But we have
-  ** found that many systems do not have a working isnan() function so
-  ** this implementation is provided as an alternative.
-  **
-  ** This NaN test sometimes fails if compiled on GCC with -ffast-math.
-  ** On the other hand, the use of -ffast-math comes with the following
-  ** warning:
-  **
-  **      This option [-ffast-math] should never be turned on by any
-  **      -O option since it can result in incorrect output for programs
-  **      which depend on an exact implementation of IEEE or ISO 
-  **      rules/specifications for math functions.
-  **
-  ** Under MSVC, this NaN test may fail if compiled with a floating-
-  ** point precision mode other than /fp:precise.  From the MSDN 
-  ** documentation:
-  **
-  **      The compiler [with /fp:precise] will properly handle comparisons 
-  **      involving NaN. For example, x != x evaluates to true if x is NaN 
-  **      ...
-  */
-#ifdef __FAST_MATH__
-# error SQLite will not work correctly with the -ffast-math option of GCC.
-#endif
-  volatile double y = x;
-  volatile double z = y;
-  rc = (y!=z);
-#else  /* if HAVE_ISNAN */
-  rc = isnan(x);
-#endif /* HAVE_ISNAN */
-  testcase( rc );
-  return rc;
+  u64 y;
+  memcpy(&y,&x,sizeof(y));
+  return IsNaN(y);
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT */
 
@@ -29920,7 +31353,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Strlen30(const char *z){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return the declared type of a column.  Or return zDflt if the column 
+** Return the declared type of a column.  Or return zDflt if the column
 ** has no declared type.
 **
 ** The column type is an extra string stored after the zero-terminator on
@@ -30032,9 +31465,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse *pParse, const char *zFormat, ...){
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->zErrMsg);
     pParse->zErrMsg = zMsg;
     pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    pParse->pWith = 0;
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** If database connection db is currently parsing SQL, then transfer
+** error code errCode to that parser if the parser has not already
+** encountered some other kind of error.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3 *db, int errCode){
+  Parse *pParse;
+  if( db==0 || (pParse = db->pParse)==0 ) return errCode;
+  pParse->rc = errCode;
+  pParse->nErr++;
+  return errCode;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Convert an SQL-style quoted string into a normal string by removing
 ** the quote characters.  The conversion is done in-place.  If the
@@ -30048,7 +31495,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse *pParse, const char *zFormat, ...){
 ** dequoted string, exclusive of the zero terminator, if dequoting does
 ** occur.
 **
-** 2002-Feb-14: This routine is extended to remove MS-Access style
+** 2002-02-14: This routine is extended to remove MS-Access style
 ** brackets from around identifiers.  For example:  "[a-b-c]" becomes
 ** "a-b-c".
 */
@@ -30074,6 +31521,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Dequote(char *z){
   }
   z[j] = 0;
 }
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr *p){
+  assert( sqlite3Isquote(p->u.zToken[0]) );
+  p->flags |= p->u.zToken[0]=='"' ? EP_Quoted|EP_DblQuoted : EP_Quoted;
+  sqlite3Dequote(p->u.zToken);
+}
 
 /*
 ** Generate a Token object from a string
@@ -30106,12 +31558,18 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *zLeft, const char *zRight){
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StrICmp(const char *zLeft, const char *zRight){
   unsigned char *a, *b;
-  int c;
+  int c, x;
   a = (unsigned char *)zLeft;
   b = (unsigned char *)zRight;
   for(;;){
-    c = (int)UpperToLower[*a] - (int)UpperToLower[*b];
-    if( c || *a==0 ) break;
+    c = *a;
+    x = *b;
+    if( c==x ){
+      if( c==0 ) break;
+    }else{
+      c = (int)UpperToLower[c] - (int)UpperToLower[x];
+      if( c ) break;
+    }
     a++;
     b++;
   }
@@ -30130,6 +31588,19 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *zLeft, const char *zRight, int N){
   return N<0 ? 0 : UpperToLower[*a] - UpperToLower[*b];
 }
 
+/*
+** Compute an 8-bit hash on a string that is insensitive to case differences
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3StrIHash(const char *z){
+  u8 h = 0;
+  if( z==0 ) return 0;
+  while( z[0] ){
+    h += UpperToLower[(unsigned char)z[0]];
+    z++;
+  }
+  return h;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Compute 10 to the E-th power.  Examples:  E==1 results in 10.
 ** E==2 results in 100.  E==50 results in 1.0e50.
@@ -30139,15 +31610,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *zLeft, const char *zRight, int N){
 static LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite3Pow10(int E){
 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
   static const LONGDOUBLE_TYPE x[] = {
-    1.0e+001,
-    1.0e+002,
-    1.0e+004,
-    1.0e+008,
-    1.0e+016,
-    1.0e+032,
-    1.0e+064,
-    1.0e+128,
-    1.0e+256
+    1.0e+001L,
+    1.0e+002L,
+    1.0e+004L,
+    1.0e+008L,
+    1.0e+016L,
+    1.0e+032L,
+    1.0e+064L,
+    1.0e+128L,
+    1.0e+256L
   };
   LONGDOUBLE_TYPE r = 1.0;
   int i;
@@ -30165,7 +31636,7 @@ static LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite3Pow10(int E){
     if( E==0 ) break;
     x *= x;
   }
-  return r; 
+  return r;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -30177,8 +31648,15 @@ static LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite3Pow10(int E){
 ** uses the encoding enc.  The string is not necessarily zero-terminated.
 **
 ** Return TRUE if the result is a valid real number (or integer) and FALSE
-** if the string is empty or contains extraneous text.  Valid numbers
-** are in one of these formats:
+** if the string is empty or contains extraneous text.  More specifically
+** return
+**      1          =>  The input string is a pure integer
+**      2 or more  =>  The input has a decimal point or eNNN clause
+**      0 or less  =>  The input string is not a valid number
+**     -1          =>  Not a valid number, but has a valid prefix which
+**                     includes a decimal point and/or an eNNN clause
+**
+** Valid numbers are in one of these formats:
 **
 **    [+-]digits[E[+-]digits]
 **    [+-]digits.[digits][E[+-]digits]
@@ -30191,10 +31669,13 @@ static LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite3Pow10(int E){
 ** returns FALSE but it still converts the prefix and writes the result
 ** into *pResult.
 */
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4756)
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double *pResult, int length, u8 enc){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
   int incr;
-  const char *zEnd = z + length;
+  const char *zEnd;
   /* sign * significand * (10 ^ (esign * exponent)) */
   int sign = 1;    /* sign of significand */
   i64 s = 0;       /* significand */
@@ -30203,20 +31684,25 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double *pResult, int length, u8 en
   int e = 0;       /* exponent */
   int eValid = 1;  /* True exponent is either not used or is well-formed */
   double result;
-  int nDigits = 0;
-  int nonNum = 0;  /* True if input contains UTF16 with high byte non-zero */
+  int nDigit = 0;  /* Number of digits processed */
+  int eType = 1;   /* 1: pure integer,  2+: fractional  -1 or less: bad UTF16 */
 
   assert( enc==SQLITE_UTF8 || enc==SQLITE_UTF16LE || enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE );
   *pResult = 0.0;   /* Default return value, in case of an error */
+  if( length==0 ) return 0;
 
   if( enc==SQLITE_UTF8 ){
     incr = 1;
+    zEnd = z + length;
   }else{
     int i;
     incr = 2;
+    length &= ~1;
     assert( SQLITE_UTF16LE==2 && SQLITE_UTF16BE==3 );
+    testcase( enc==SQLITE_UTF16LE );
+    testcase( enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE );
     for(i=3-enc; i<length && z[i]==0; i+=2){}
-    nonNum = i<length;
+    if( i<length ) eType = -100;
     zEnd = &z[i^1];
     z += (enc&1);
   }
@@ -30234,27 +31720,30 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double *pResult, int length, u8 en
   }
 
   /* copy max significant digits to significand */
-  while( z<zEnd && sqlite3Isdigit(*z) && s<((LARGEST_INT64-9)/10) ){
+  while( z<zEnd && sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){
     s = s*10 + (*z - '0');
-    z+=incr; nDigits++;
+    z+=incr; nDigit++;
+    if( s>=((LARGEST_INT64-9)/10) ){
+      /* skip non-significant significand digits
+      ** (increase exponent by d to shift decimal left) */
+      while( z<zEnd && sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){ z+=incr; d++; }
+    }
   }
-
-  /* skip non-significant significand digits
-  ** (increase exponent by d to shift decimal left) */
-  while( z<zEnd && sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){ z+=incr; nDigits++; d++; }
   if( z>=zEnd ) goto do_atof_calc;
 
   /* if decimal point is present */
   if( *z=='.' ){
     z+=incr;
+    eType++;
     /* copy digits from after decimal to significand
     ** (decrease exponent by d to shift decimal right) */
     while( z<zEnd && sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){
       if( s<((LARGEST_INT64-9)/10) ){
         s = s*10 + (*z - '0');
         d--;
+        nDigit++;
       }
-      z+=incr; nDigits++;
+      z+=incr;
     }
   }
   if( z>=zEnd ) goto do_atof_calc;
@@ -30263,8 +31752,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double *pResult, int length, u8 en
   if( *z=='e' || *z=='E' ){
     z+=incr;
     eValid = 0;
+    eType++;
 
-    /* This branch is needed to avoid a (harmless) buffer overread.  The 
+    /* This branch is needed to avoid a (harmless) buffer overread.  The
     ** special comment alerts the mutation tester that the correct answer
     ** is obtained even if the branch is omitted */
     if( z>=zEnd ) goto do_atof_calc;              /*PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD*/
@@ -30361,11 +31851,44 @@ do_atof_calc:
   *pResult = result;
 
   /* return true if number and no extra non-whitespace chracters after */
-  return z==zEnd && nDigits>0 && eValid && nonNum==0;
+  if( z==zEnd && nDigit>0 && eValid && eType>0 ){
+    return eType;
+  }else if( eType>=2 && (eType==3 || eValid) && nDigit>0 ){
+    return -1;
+  }else{
+    return 0;
+  }
 #else
   return !sqlite3Atoi64(z, pResult, length, enc);
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT */
 }
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(default : 4756)
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Render an signed 64-bit integer as text.  Store the result in zOut[].
+**
+** The caller must ensure that zOut[] is at least 21 bytes in size.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Int64ToText(i64 v, char *zOut){
+  int i;
+  u64 x;
+  char zTemp[22];
+  if( v<0 ){
+    x = (v==SMALLEST_INT64) ? ((u64)1)<<63 : (u64)-v;
+  }else{
+    x = v;
+  }
+  i = sizeof(zTemp)-2;
+  zTemp[sizeof(zTemp)-1] = 0;
+  do{
+    zTemp[i--] = (x%10) + '0';
+    x = x/10;
+  }while( x );
+  if( v<0 ) zTemp[i--] = '-';
+  memcpy(zOut, &zTemp[i+1], sizeof(zTemp)-1-i);
+}
 
 /*
 ** Compare the 19-character string zNum against the text representation
@@ -30404,6 +31927,7 @@ static int compare2pow63(const char *zNum, int incr){
 **
 ** Returns:
 **
+**    -1    Not even a prefix of the input text looks like an integer
 **     0    Successful transformation.  Fits in a 64-bit signed integer.
 **     1    Excess non-space text after the integer value
 **     2    Integer too large for a 64-bit signed integer or is malformed
@@ -30428,6 +31952,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Atoi64(const char *zNum, i64 *pNum, int length, u8 enc
     incr = 1;
   }else{
     incr = 2;
+    length &= ~1;
     assert( SQLITE_UTF16LE==2 && SQLITE_UTF16BE==3 );
     for(i=3-enc; i<length && zNum[i]==0; i+=2){}
     nonNum = i<length;
@@ -30463,9 +31988,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Atoi64(const char *zNum, i64 *pNum, int length, u8 enc
     *pNum = (i64)u;
   }
   rc = 0;
-  if( (i==0 && zStart==zNum)     /* No digits */
-   || nonNum                     /* UTF16 with high-order bytes non-zero */
-  ){
+  if( i==0 && zStart==zNum ){    /* No digits */
+    rc = -1;
+  }else if( nonNum ){            /* UTF16 with high-order bytes non-zero */
     rc = 1;
   }else if( &zNum[i]<zEnd ){     /* Extra bytes at the end */
     int jj = i;
@@ -30606,10 +32131,28 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *zNum, int *pValue){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Atoi(const char *z){
   int x = 0;
-  if( z ) sqlite3GetInt32(z, &x);
+  sqlite3GetInt32(z, &x);
   return x;
 }
 
+/*
+** Try to convert z into an unsigned 32-bit integer.  Return true on
+** success and false if there is an error.
+**
+** Only decimal notation is accepted.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetUInt32(const char *z, u32 *pI){
+  u64 v = 0;
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; sqlite3Isdigit(z[i]); i++){
+    v = v*10 + z[i] - '0';
+    if( v>4294967296LL ){ *pI = 0; return 0; }
+  }
+  if( i==0 || z[i]!=0 ){ *pI = 0; return 0; }
+  *pI = (u32)v;
+  return 1;
+}
+
 /*
 ** The variable-length integer encoding is as follows:
 **
@@ -30650,7 +32193,7 @@ static int SQLITE_NOINLINE putVarint64(unsigned char *p, u64 v){
       v >>= 7;
     }
     return 9;
-  }    
+  }
   n = 0;
   do{
     buf[n++] = (u8)((v & 0x7f) | 0x80);
@@ -30696,23 +32239,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char *p, u64 v){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *p, u64 *v){
   u32 a,b,s;
 
-  a = *p;
-  /* a: p0 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(a&0x80))
-  {
-    *v = a;
+  if( ((signed char*)p)[0]>=0 ){
+    *v = *p;
     return 1;
   }
-
-  p++;
-  b = *p;
-  /* b: p1 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(b&0x80))
-  {
-    a &= 0x7f;
-    a = a<<7;
-    a |= b;
-    *v = a;
+  if( ((signed char*)p)[1]>=0 ){
+    *v = ((u32)(p[0]&0x7f)<<7) | p[1];
     return 2;
   }
 
@@ -30720,8 +32252,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *p, u64 *v){
   assert( SLOT_2_0 == ((0x7f<<14) | (0x7f)) );
   assert( SLOT_4_2_0 == ((0xfU<<28) | (0x7f<<14) | (0x7f)) );
 
-  p++;
-  a = a<<14;
+  a = ((u32)p[0])<<14;
+  b = p[1];
+  p += 2;
   a |= *p;
   /* a: p0<<14 | p2 (unmasked) */
   if (!(a&0x80))
@@ -30860,8 +32393,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *p, u64 *v){
 ** If the varint stored in p[0] is larger than can fit in a 32-bit unsigned
 ** integer, then set *v to 0xffffffff.
 **
-** A MACRO version, getVarint32, is provided which inlines the 
-** single-byte case.  All code should use the MACRO version as 
+** A MACRO version, getVarint32, is provided which inlines the
+** single-byte case.  All code should use the MACRO version as
 ** this function assumes the single-byte case has already been handled.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *p, u32 *v){
@@ -30922,8 +32455,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *p, u32 *v){
     u64 v64;
     u8 n;
 
-    p -= 2;
-    n = sqlite3GetVarint(p, &v64);
+    n = sqlite3GetVarint(p-2, &v64);
     assert( n>3 && n<=9 );
     if( (v64 & SQLITE_MAX_U32)!=v64 ){
       *v = 0xffffffff;
@@ -31050,7 +32582,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h){
   return (u8)(h & 0xf);
 }
 
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL) || defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC)
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL)
 /*
 ** Convert a BLOB literal of the form "x'hhhhhh'" into its binary
 ** value.  Return a pointer to its binary value.  Space to hold the
@@ -31071,7 +32603,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3 *db, const char *z, int n){
   }
   return zBlob;
 }
-#endif /* !SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL || SQLITE_HAS_CODEC */
+#endif /* !SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL */
 
 /*
 ** Log an error that is an API call on a connection pointer that should
@@ -31079,7 +32611,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3 *db, const char *z, int n){
 ** argument.  The zType is a word like "NULL" or "closed" or "invalid".
 */
 static void logBadConnection(const char *zType){
-  sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE, 
+  sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE,
      "API call with %s database connection pointer",
      zType
   );
@@ -31153,7 +32685,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AddInt64(i64 *pA, i64 iB){
     if( iA<0 && -(iA + LARGEST_INT64) > iB + 1 ) return 1;
   }
   *pA += iB;
-  return 0; 
+  return 0;
 #endif
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SubInt64(i64 *pA, i64 iB){
@@ -31194,7 +32726,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MulInt64(i64 *pA, i64 iB){
 }
 
 /*
-** Compute the absolute value of a 32-bit signed integer, of possible.  Or 
+** Compute the absolute value of a 32-bit signed integer, of possible.  Or
 ** if the integer has a value of -2147483648, return +2147483647
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AbsInt32(int x){
@@ -31234,11 +32766,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char *zBaseFilename, char *z){
 }
 #endif
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Find (an approximate) sum of two LogEst values.  This computation is
 ** not a simple "+" operator because LogEst is stored as a logarithmic
 ** value.
-** 
+**
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst a, LogEst b){
   static const unsigned char x[] = {
@@ -31304,7 +32836,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double x){
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
 
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
-    defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4) || \
+    defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4) || \
     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
 /*
 ** Convert a LogEst into an integer.
@@ -31322,7 +32854,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst x){
     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
   if( x>60 ) return (u64)LARGEST_INT64;
 #else
-  /* If only SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 is on, then the largest input
+  /* If only SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 is on, then the largest input
   ** possible to this routine is 310, resulting in a maximum x of 31 */
   assert( x<=60 );
 #endif
@@ -31352,8 +32884,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst x){
 ** Conceptually:
 **
 **    struct VList {
-**      int nAlloc;   // Number of allocated slots 
-**      int nUsed;    // Number of used slots 
+**      int nAlloc;   // Number of allocated slots
+**      int nUsed;    // Number of used slots
 **      struct VListEntry {
 **        int iValue;    // Value for this entry
 **        int nSlot;     // Slots used by this entry
@@ -31362,7 +32894,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst x){
 **    }
 **
 ** During code generation, pointers to the variable names within the
-** VList are taken.  When that happens, nAlloc is set to zero as an 
+** VList are taken.  When that happens, nAlloc is set to zero as an
 ** indication that the VList may never again be enlarged, since the
 ** accompanying realloc() would invalidate the pointers.
 */
@@ -31381,7 +32913,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE VList *sqlite3VListAdd(
   assert( pIn==0 || pIn[0]>=3 );  /* Verify ok to add new elements */
   if( pIn==0 || pIn[1]+nInt > pIn[0] ){
     /* Enlarge the allocation */
-    int nAlloc = (pIn ? pIn[0]*2 : 10) + nInt;
+    sqlite3_int64 nAlloc = (pIn ? 2*(sqlite3_int64)pIn[0] : 10) + nInt;
     VList *pOut = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pIn, nAlloc*sizeof(int));
     if( pOut==0 ) return pIn;
     if( pIn==0 ) pOut[1] = 2;
@@ -31553,7 +33085,7 @@ static int rehash(Hash *pH, unsigned int new_size){
 
   /* The inability to allocates space for a larger hash table is
   ** a performance hit but it is not a fatal error.  So mark the
-  ** allocation as a benign. Use sqlite3Malloc()/memset(0) instead of 
+  ** allocation as a benign. Use sqlite3Malloc()/memset(0) instead of
   ** sqlite3MallocZero() to make the allocation, as sqlite3MallocZero()
   ** only zeroes the requested number of bytes whereas this module will
   ** use the actual amount of space allocated for the hash table (which
@@ -31587,7 +33119,7 @@ static HashElem *findElementWithHash(
   unsigned int *pHash /* Write the hash value here */
 ){
   HashElem *elem;                /* Used to loop thru the element list */
-  int count;                     /* Number of elements left to test */
+  unsigned int count;            /* Number of elements left to test */
   unsigned int h;                /* The computed hash */
   static HashElem nullElement = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
 
@@ -31605,7 +33137,7 @@ static HashElem *findElementWithHash(
   if( pHash ) *pHash = h;
   while( count-- ){
     assert( elem!=0 );
-    if( sqlite3StrICmp(elem->pKey,pKey)==0 ){ 
+    if( sqlite3StrICmp(elem->pKey,pKey)==0 ){
       return elem;
     }
     elem = elem->next;
@@ -31623,7 +33155,7 @@ static void removeElementGivenHash(
 ){
   struct _ht *pEntry;
   if( elem->prev ){
-    elem->prev->next = elem->next; 
+    elem->prev->next = elem->next;
   }else{
     pH->first = elem->next;
   }
@@ -31635,8 +33167,8 @@ static void removeElementGivenHash(
     if( pEntry->chain==elem ){
       pEntry->chain = elem->next;
     }
+    assert( pEntry->count>0 );
     pEntry->count--;
-    assert( pEntry->count>=0 );
   }
   sqlite3_free( elem );
   pH->count--;
@@ -31745,30 +33277,30 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int i){
     /*  23 */ "SeekLE"           OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
     /*  24 */ "SeekGE"           OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
     /*  25 */ "SeekGT"           OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
-    /*  26 */ "IfNoHope"         OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
-    /*  27 */ "NoConflict"       OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
-    /*  28 */ "NotFound"         OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
-    /*  29 */ "Found"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
-    /*  30 */ "SeekRowid"        OpHelp("intkey=r[P3]"),
-    /*  31 */ "NotExists"        OpHelp("intkey=r[P3]"),
-    /*  32 */ "Last"             OpHelp(""),
-    /*  33 */ "IfSmaller"        OpHelp(""),
-    /*  34 */ "SorterSort"       OpHelp(""),
-    /*  35 */ "Sort"             OpHelp(""),
-    /*  36 */ "Rewind"           OpHelp(""),
-    /*  37 */ "IdxLE"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
-    /*  38 */ "IdxGT"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
-    /*  39 */ "IdxLT"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
-    /*  40 */ "IdxGE"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
-    /*  41 */ "RowSetRead"       OpHelp("r[P3]=rowset(P1)"),
-    /*  42 */ "RowSetTest"       OpHelp("if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2"),
+    /*  26 */ "IfNotOpen"        OpHelp("if( !csr[P1] ) goto P2"),
+    /*  27 */ "IfNoHope"         OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
+    /*  28 */ "NoConflict"       OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
+    /*  29 */ "NotFound"         OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
+    /*  30 */ "Found"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
+    /*  31 */ "SeekRowid"        OpHelp("intkey=r[P3]"),
+    /*  32 */ "NotExists"        OpHelp("intkey=r[P3]"),
+    /*  33 */ "Last"             OpHelp(""),
+    /*  34 */ "IfSmaller"        OpHelp(""),
+    /*  35 */ "SorterSort"       OpHelp(""),
+    /*  36 */ "Sort"             OpHelp(""),
+    /*  37 */ "Rewind"           OpHelp(""),
+    /*  38 */ "IdxLE"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
+    /*  39 */ "IdxGT"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
+    /*  40 */ "IdxLT"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
+    /*  41 */ "IdxGE"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
+    /*  42 */ "RowSetRead"       OpHelp("r[P3]=rowset(P1)"),
     /*  43 */ "Or"               OpHelp("r[P3]=(r[P1] || r[P2])"),
     /*  44 */ "And"              OpHelp("r[P3]=(r[P1] && r[P2])"),
-    /*  45 */ "Program"          OpHelp(""),
-    /*  46 */ "FkIfZero"         OpHelp("if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2"),
-    /*  47 */ "IfPos"            OpHelp("if r[P1]>0 then r[P1]-=P3, goto P2"),
-    /*  48 */ "IfNotZero"        OpHelp("if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2"),
-    /*  49 */ "DecrJumpZero"     OpHelp("if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2"),
+    /*  45 */ "RowSetTest"       OpHelp("if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2"),
+    /*  46 */ "Program"          OpHelp(""),
+    /*  47 */ "FkIfZero"         OpHelp("if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2"),
+    /*  48 */ "IfPos"            OpHelp("if r[P1]>0 then r[P1]-=P3, goto P2"),
+    /*  49 */ "IfNotZero"        OpHelp("if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2"),
     /*  50 */ "IsNull"           OpHelp("if r[P1]==NULL goto P2"),
     /*  51 */ "NotNull"          OpHelp("if r[P1]!=NULL goto P2"),
     /*  52 */ "Ne"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]!=r[P1]"),
@@ -31778,98 +33310,98 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int i){
     /*  56 */ "Lt"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]<r[P1]"),
     /*  57 */ "Ge"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]>=r[P1]"),
     /*  58 */ "ElseNotEq"        OpHelp(""),
-    /*  59 */ "IncrVacuum"       OpHelp(""),
-    /*  60 */ "VNext"            OpHelp(""),
-    /*  61 */ "Init"             OpHelp("Start at P2"),
-    /*  62 */ "PureFunc0"        OpHelp(""),
-    /*  63 */ "Function0"        OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])"),
-    /*  64 */ "PureFunc"         OpHelp(""),
-    /*  65 */ "Function"         OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])"),
-    /*  66 */ "Return"           OpHelp(""),
-    /*  67 */ "EndCoroutine"     OpHelp(""),
-    /*  68 */ "HaltIfNull"       OpHelp("if r[P3]=null halt"),
-    /*  69 */ "Halt"             OpHelp(""),
-    /*  70 */ "Integer"          OpHelp("r[P2]=P1"),
-    /*  71 */ "Int64"            OpHelp("r[P2]=P4"),
-    /*  72 */ "String"           OpHelp("r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)"),
-    /*  73 */ "Null"             OpHelp("r[P2..P3]=NULL"),
-    /*  74 */ "SoftNull"         OpHelp("r[P1]=NULL"),
-    /*  75 */ "Blob"             OpHelp("r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)"),
-    /*  76 */ "Variable"         OpHelp("r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)"),
-    /*  77 */ "Move"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]"),
-    /*  78 */ "Copy"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]"),
-    /*  79 */ "SCopy"            OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
-    /*  80 */ "IntCopy"          OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
-    /*  81 */ "ResultRow"        OpHelp("output=r[P1@P2]"),
-    /*  82 */ "CollSeq"          OpHelp(""),
-    /*  83 */ "AddImm"           OpHelp("r[P1]=r[P1]+P2"),
-    /*  84 */ "RealAffinity"     OpHelp(""),
-    /*  85 */ "Cast"             OpHelp("affinity(r[P1])"),
-    /*  86 */ "Permutation"      OpHelp(""),
-    /*  87 */ "Compare"          OpHelp("r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]"),
-    /*  88 */ "IsTrue"           OpHelp("r[P2] = coalesce(r[P1]==TRUE,P3) ^ P4"),
-    /*  89 */ "Offset"           OpHelp("r[P3] = sqlite_offset(P1)"),
-    /*  90 */ "Column"           OpHelp("r[P3]=PX"),
-    /*  91 */ "Affinity"         OpHelp("affinity(r[P1@P2])"),
-    /*  92 */ "BitAnd"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]&r[P2]"),
-    /*  93 */ "BitOr"            OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]|r[P2]"),
-    /*  94 */ "ShiftLeft"        OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]<<r[P1]"),
-    /*  95 */ "ShiftRight"       OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]>>r[P1]"),
-    /*  96 */ "Add"              OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]+r[P2]"),
-    /*  97 */ "Subtract"         OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]-r[P1]"),
-    /*  98 */ "Multiply"         OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]*r[P2]"),
-    /*  99 */ "Divide"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]/r[P1]"),
-    /* 100 */ "Remainder"        OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]%r[P1]"),
-    /* 101 */ "Concat"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]+r[P1]"),
-    /* 102 */ "MakeRecord"       OpHelp("r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])"),
-    /* 103 */ "BitNot"           OpHelp("r[P2]= ~r[P1]"),
-    /* 104 */ "Count"            OpHelp("r[P2]=count()"),
-    /* 105 */ "ReadCookie"       OpHelp(""),
-    /* 106 */ "String8"          OpHelp("r[P2]='P4'"),
-    /* 107 */ "SetCookie"        OpHelp(""),
-    /* 108 */ "ReopenIdx"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
-    /* 109 */ "OpenRead"         OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
-    /* 110 */ "OpenWrite"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
-    /* 111 */ "OpenDup"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 112 */ "OpenAutoindex"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),
-    /* 113 */ "OpenEphemeral"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),
-    /* 114 */ "SorterOpen"       OpHelp(""),
-    /* 115 */ "SequenceTest"     OpHelp("if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2"),
-    /* 116 */ "OpenPseudo"       OpHelp("P3 columns in r[P2]"),
-    /* 117 */ "Close"            OpHelp(""),
-    /* 118 */ "ColumnsUsed"      OpHelp(""),
-    /* 119 */ "SeekHit"          OpHelp("seekHit=P2"),
+    /*  59 */ "DecrJumpZero"     OpHelp("if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2"),
+    /*  60 */ "IncrVacuum"       OpHelp(""),
+    /*  61 */ "VNext"            OpHelp(""),
+    /*  62 */ "Init"             OpHelp("Start at P2"),
+    /*  63 */ "PureFunc"         OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@NP])"),
+    /*  64 */ "Function"         OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@NP])"),
+    /*  65 */ "Return"           OpHelp(""),
+    /*  66 */ "EndCoroutine"     OpHelp(""),
+    /*  67 */ "HaltIfNull"       OpHelp("if r[P3]=null halt"),
+    /*  68 */ "Halt"             OpHelp(""),
+    /*  69 */ "Integer"          OpHelp("r[P2]=P1"),
+    /*  70 */ "Int64"            OpHelp("r[P2]=P4"),
+    /*  71 */ "String"           OpHelp("r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)"),
+    /*  72 */ "Null"             OpHelp("r[P2..P3]=NULL"),
+    /*  73 */ "SoftNull"         OpHelp("r[P1]=NULL"),
+    /*  74 */ "Blob"             OpHelp("r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)"),
+    /*  75 */ "Variable"         OpHelp("r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)"),
+    /*  76 */ "Move"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]"),
+    /*  77 */ "Copy"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]"),
+    /*  78 */ "SCopy"            OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
+    /*  79 */ "IntCopy"          OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
+    /*  80 */ "ResultRow"        OpHelp("output=r[P1@P2]"),
+    /*  81 */ "CollSeq"          OpHelp(""),
+    /*  82 */ "AddImm"           OpHelp("r[P1]=r[P1]+P2"),
+    /*  83 */ "RealAffinity"     OpHelp(""),
+    /*  84 */ "Cast"             OpHelp("affinity(r[P1])"),
+    /*  85 */ "Permutation"      OpHelp(""),
+    /*  86 */ "Compare"          OpHelp("r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]"),
+    /*  87 */ "IsTrue"           OpHelp("r[P2] = coalesce(r[P1]==TRUE,P3) ^ P4"),
+    /*  88 */ "Offset"           OpHelp("r[P3] = sqlite_offset(P1)"),
+    /*  89 */ "Column"           OpHelp("r[P3]=PX"),
+    /*  90 */ "Affinity"         OpHelp("affinity(r[P1@P2])"),
+    /*  91 */ "MakeRecord"       OpHelp("r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])"),
+    /*  92 */ "Count"            OpHelp("r[P2]=count()"),
+    /*  93 */ "ReadCookie"       OpHelp(""),
+    /*  94 */ "SetCookie"        OpHelp(""),
+    /*  95 */ "ReopenIdx"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
+    /*  96 */ "OpenRead"         OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
+    /*  97 */ "OpenWrite"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
+    /*  98 */ "OpenDup"          OpHelp(""),
+    /*  99 */ "OpenAutoindex"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),
+    /* 100 */ "OpenEphemeral"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),
+    /* 101 */ "BitAnd"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]&r[P2]"),
+    /* 102 */ "BitOr"            OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]|r[P2]"),
+    /* 103 */ "ShiftLeft"        OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]<<r[P1]"),
+    /* 104 */ "ShiftRight"       OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]>>r[P1]"),
+    /* 105 */ "Add"              OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]+r[P2]"),
+    /* 106 */ "Subtract"         OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]-r[P1]"),
+    /* 107 */ "Multiply"         OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]*r[P2]"),
+    /* 108 */ "Divide"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]/r[P1]"),
+    /* 109 */ "Remainder"        OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]%r[P1]"),
+    /* 110 */ "Concat"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]+r[P1]"),
+    /* 111 */ "SorterOpen"       OpHelp(""),
+    /* 112 */ "BitNot"           OpHelp("r[P2]= ~r[P1]"),
+    /* 113 */ "SequenceTest"     OpHelp("if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2"),
+    /* 114 */ "OpenPseudo"       OpHelp("P3 columns in r[P2]"),
+    /* 115 */ "String8"          OpHelp("r[P2]='P4'"),
+    /* 116 */ "Close"            OpHelp(""),
+    /* 117 */ "ColumnsUsed"      OpHelp(""),
+    /* 118 */ "SeekScan"         OpHelp("Scan-ahead up to P1 rows"),
+    /* 119 */ "SeekHit"          OpHelp("set P2<=seekHit<=P3"),
     /* 120 */ "Sequence"         OpHelp("r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++"),
     /* 121 */ "NewRowid"         OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
     /* 122 */ "Insert"           OpHelp("intkey=r[P3] data=r[P2]"),
-    /* 123 */ "InsertInt"        OpHelp("intkey=P3 data=r[P2]"),
-    /* 124 */ "Delete"           OpHelp(""),
-    /* 125 */ "ResetCount"       OpHelp(""),
-    /* 126 */ "SorterCompare"    OpHelp("if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2"),
-    /* 127 */ "SorterData"       OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
-    /* 128 */ "RowData"          OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
-    /* 129 */ "Rowid"            OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
-    /* 130 */ "NullRow"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 131 */ "SeekEnd"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 123 */ "Delete"           OpHelp(""),
+    /* 124 */ "ResetCount"       OpHelp(""),
+    /* 125 */ "SorterCompare"    OpHelp("if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2"),
+    /* 126 */ "SorterData"       OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
+    /* 127 */ "RowData"          OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
+    /* 128 */ "Rowid"            OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
+    /* 129 */ "NullRow"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 130 */ "SeekEnd"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 131 */ "IdxInsert"        OpHelp("key=r[P2]"),
     /* 132 */ "SorterInsert"     OpHelp("key=r[P2]"),
-    /* 133 */ "IdxInsert"        OpHelp("key=r[P2]"),
-    /* 134 */ "IdxDelete"        OpHelp("key=r[P2@P3]"),
-    /* 135 */ "DeferredSeek"     OpHelp("Move P3 to P1.rowid if needed"),
-    /* 136 */ "IdxRowid"         OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
+    /* 133 */ "IdxDelete"        OpHelp("key=r[P2@P3]"),
+    /* 134 */ "DeferredSeek"     OpHelp("Move P3 to P1.rowid if needed"),
+    /* 135 */ "IdxRowid"         OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
+    /* 136 */ "FinishSeek"       OpHelp(""),
     /* 137 */ "Destroy"          OpHelp(""),
     /* 138 */ "Clear"            OpHelp(""),
     /* 139 */ "ResetSorter"      OpHelp(""),
     /* 140 */ "CreateBtree"      OpHelp("r[P2]=root iDb=P1 flags=P3"),
-    /* 141 */ "Real"             OpHelp("r[P2]=P4"),
-    /* 142 */ "SqlExec"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 143 */ "ParseSchema"      OpHelp(""),
-    /* 144 */ "LoadAnalysis"     OpHelp(""),
-    /* 145 */ "DropTable"        OpHelp(""),
-    /* 146 */ "DropIndex"        OpHelp(""),
-    /* 147 */ "DropTrigger"      OpHelp(""),
-    /* 148 */ "IntegrityCk"      OpHelp(""),
-    /* 149 */ "RowSetAdd"        OpHelp("rowset(P1)=r[P2]"),
-    /* 150 */ "Param"            OpHelp(""),
+    /* 141 */ "SqlExec"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 142 */ "ParseSchema"      OpHelp(""),
+    /* 143 */ "LoadAnalysis"     OpHelp(""),
+    /* 144 */ "DropTable"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 145 */ "DropIndex"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 146 */ "DropTrigger"      OpHelp(""),
+    /* 147 */ "IntegrityCk"      OpHelp(""),
+    /* 148 */ "RowSetAdd"        OpHelp("rowset(P1)=r[P2]"),
+    /* 149 */ "Param"            OpHelp(""),
+    /* 150 */ "Real"             OpHelp("r[P2]=P4"),
     /* 151 */ "FkCounter"        OpHelp("fkctr[P1]+=P2"),
     /* 152 */ "MemMax"           OpHelp("r[P1]=max(r[P1],r[P2])"),
     /* 153 */ "OffsetLimit"      OpHelp("if r[P1]>0 then r[P2]=r[P1]+max(0,r[P3]) else r[P2]=(-1)"),
@@ -31879,20 +33411,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int i){
     /* 157 */ "AggValue"         OpHelp("r[P3]=value N=P2"),
     /* 158 */ "AggFinal"         OpHelp("accum=r[P1] N=P2"),
     /* 159 */ "Expire"           OpHelp(""),
-    /* 160 */ "TableLock"        OpHelp("iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3"),
-    /* 161 */ "VBegin"           OpHelp(""),
-    /* 162 */ "VCreate"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 163 */ "VDestroy"         OpHelp(""),
-    /* 164 */ "VOpen"            OpHelp(""),
-    /* 165 */ "VColumn"          OpHelp("r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)"),
-    /* 166 */ "VRename"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 167 */ "Pagecount"        OpHelp(""),
-    /* 168 */ "MaxPgcnt"         OpHelp(""),
-    /* 169 */ "Trace"            OpHelp(""),
-    /* 170 */ "CursorHint"       OpHelp(""),
-    /* 171 */ "Noop"             OpHelp(""),
-    /* 172 */ "Explain"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 173 */ "Abortable"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 160 */ "CursorLock"       OpHelp(""),
+    /* 161 */ "CursorUnlock"     OpHelp(""),
+    /* 162 */ "TableLock"        OpHelp("iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3"),
+    /* 163 */ "VBegin"           OpHelp(""),
+    /* 164 */ "VCreate"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 165 */ "VDestroy"         OpHelp(""),
+    /* 166 */ "VOpen"            OpHelp(""),
+    /* 167 */ "VColumn"          OpHelp("r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)"),
+    /* 168 */ "VRename"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 169 */ "Pagecount"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 170 */ "MaxPgcnt"         OpHelp(""),
+    /* 171 */ "Trace"            OpHelp(""),
+    /* 172 */ "CursorHint"       OpHelp(""),
+    /* 173 */ "ReleaseReg"       OpHelp("release r[P1@P2] mask P3"),
+    /* 174 */ "Noop"             OpHelp(""),
+    /* 175 */ "Explain"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 176 */ "Abortable"        OpHelp(""),
   };
   return azName[i];
 }
@@ -31963,7 +33498,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int i){
 ** Styles 4, 5, and 7 are only available of SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
 ** is defined to 1.  The SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE also enables automatic
 ** selection of the appropriate locking style based on the filesystem
-** where the database is located.  
+** where the database is located.
 */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE)
 #  if defined(__APPLE__)
@@ -32007,13 +33542,30 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int i){
 # include <sys/param.h>
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
 
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && ((__MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED > 1050) || \
-                           (__IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED > 2000))
-#  if (!defined(TARGET_OS_EMBEDDED) || (TARGET_OS_EMBEDDED==0)) \
-       && (!defined(TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR) || (TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR==0))
-#    define HAVE_GETHOSTUUID 1
-#  else
-#    warning "gethostuuid() is disabled."
+/*
+** Try to determine if gethostuuid() is available based on standard
+** macros.  This might sometimes compute the wrong value for some
+** obscure platforms.  For those cases, simply compile with one of
+** the following:
+**
+**    -DHAVE_GETHOSTUUID=0
+**    -DHAVE_GETHOSTUUID=1
+**
+** None if this matters except when building on Apple products with
+** -DSQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE.
+*/
+#ifndef HAVE_GETHOSTUUID
+# define HAVE_GETHOSTUUID 0
+# if defined(__APPLE__) && ((__MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED > 1050) || \
+                            (__IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED > 2000))
+#    if (!defined(TARGET_OS_EMBEDDED) || (TARGET_OS_EMBEDDED==0)) \
+        && (!defined(TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR) || (TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR==0))\
+        && (!defined(TARGET_OS_MACCATALYST) || (TARGET_OS_MACCATALYST==0))
+#      undef HAVE_GETHOSTUUID
+#      define HAVE_GETHOSTUUID 1
+#    else
+#      warning "gethostuuid() is disabled."
+#    endif
 #  endif
 #endif
 
@@ -32038,12 +33590,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int i){
 #define SQLITE_FSFLAGS_IS_MSDOS     0x1
 
 /*
-** If we are to be thread-safe, include the pthreads header and define
-** the SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS macro.
+** If we are to be thread-safe, include the pthreads header.
 */
 #if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
 /* # include <pthread.h> */
-# define SQLITE_UNIX_THREADS 1
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -32075,7 +33625,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int i){
 #define osGetpid(X) (pid_t)getpid()
 
 /*
-** Only set the lastErrno if the error code is a real error and not 
+** Only set the lastErrno if the error code is a real error and not
 ** a normal expected return code of SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_OK
 */
 #define IS_LOCK_ERROR(x)  ((x != SQLITE_OK) && (x != SQLITE_BUSY))
@@ -32143,7 +33693,7 @@ struct unixFile {
   ** whenever any part of the database changes.  An assertion fault will
   ** occur if a file is updated without also updating the transaction
   ** counter.  This test is made to avoid new problems similar to the
-  ** one described by ticket #3584. 
+  ** one described by ticket #3584.
   */
   unsigned char transCntrChng;   /* True if the transaction counter changed */
   unsigned char dbUpdate;        /* True if any part of database file changed */
@@ -32152,7 +33702,7 @@ struct unixFile {
 #endif
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  /* In test mode, increase the size of this structure a bit so that 
+  /* In test mode, increase the size of this structure a bit so that
   ** it is larger than the struct CrashFile defined in test6.c.
   */
   char aPadding[32];
@@ -32242,7 +33792,7 @@ static pid_t randomnessPid = 0;
 ******************************************************************************
 **
 ** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
-** counters for x86 class CPUs.
+** counters for x86 and x86_64 class CPUs.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_HWTIME_H
 #define SQLITE_HWTIME_H
@@ -32253,8 +33803,9 @@ static pid_t randomnessPid = 0;
 ** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
 ** profiling.
 */
-#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
-      (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
+#if !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && \
+    (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
+    (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
 
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
 
@@ -32275,15 +33826,15 @@ static pid_t randomnessPid = 0;
 
   #endif
 
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
+#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
 
   __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
       unsigned long val;
       __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=A" (val));
       return val;
   }
- 
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))
+
+#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))
 
   __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
       unsigned long long retval;
@@ -32300,14 +33851,13 @@ static pid_t randomnessPid = 0;
 
 #else
 
-  #error Need implementation of sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform.
-
   /*
-  ** To compile without implementing sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform,
-  ** you can remove the above #error and use the following
-  ** stub function.  You will lose timing support for many
-  ** of the debugging and testing utilities, but it should at
-  ** least compile and run.
+  ** asm() is needed for hardware timing support.  Without asm(),
+  ** disable the sqlite3Hwtime() routine.
+  **
+  ** sqlite3Hwtime() is only used for some obscure debugging
+  ** and analysis configurations, not in any deliverable, so this
+  ** should not be a great loss.
   */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }
 
@@ -32495,7 +34045,7 @@ static struct unix_syscall {
 #ifdef __DJGPP__
   { "fstat",        0,                 0  },
 #define osFstat(a,b,c)    0
-#else     
+#else
   { "fstat",        (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)fstat,      0  },
 #define osFstat     ((int(*)(int,struct stat*))aSyscall[5].pCurrent)
 #endif
@@ -32623,13 +34173,14 @@ static struct unix_syscall {
 #if defined(__linux__) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
 # ifdef __ANDROID__
   { "ioctl", (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(int(*)(int, int, ...))ioctl, 0 },
+#define osIoctl ((int(*)(int,int,...))aSyscall[28].pCurrent)
 # else
   { "ioctl",         (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)ioctl,          0 },
+#define osIoctl ((int(*)(int,unsigned long,...))aSyscall[28].pCurrent)
 # endif
 #else
   { "ioctl",         (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)0,              0 },
 #endif
-#define osIoctl ((int(*)(int,int,...))aSyscall[28].pCurrent)
 
 }; /* End of the overrideable system calls */
 
@@ -32732,7 +34283,7 @@ static const char *unixNextSystemCall(sqlite3_vfs *p, const char *zName){
 
 /*
 ** Do not accept any file descriptor less than this value, in order to avoid
-** opening database file using file descriptors that are commonly used for 
+** opening database file using file descriptors that are commonly used for
 ** standard input, output, and error.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_MINIMUM_FILE_DESCRIPTOR
@@ -32771,17 +34322,17 @@ static int robust_open(const char *z, int f, mode_t m){
     }
     if( fd>=SQLITE_MINIMUM_FILE_DESCRIPTOR ) break;
     osClose(fd);
-    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_WARNING, 
+    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_WARNING,
                 "attempt to open \"%s\" as file descriptor %d", z, fd);
     fd = -1;
-    if( osOpen("/dev/null", f, m)<0 ) break;
+    if( osOpen("/dev/null", O_RDONLY, m)<0 ) break;
   }
   if( fd>=0 ){
     if( m!=0 ){
       struct stat statbuf;
-      if( osFstat(fd, &statbuf)==0 
+      if( osFstat(fd, &statbuf)==0
        && statbuf.st_size==0
-       && (statbuf.st_mode&0777)!=m 
+       && (statbuf.st_mode&0777)!=m
       ){
         osFchmod(fd, m);
       }
@@ -32796,11 +34347,11 @@ static int robust_open(const char *z, int f, mode_t m){
 /*
 ** Helper functions to obtain and relinquish the global mutex. The
 ** global mutex is used to protect the unixInodeInfo and
-** vxworksFileId objects used by this file, all of which may be 
+** vxworksFileId objects used by this file, all of which may be
 ** shared by multiple threads.
 **
-** Function unixMutexHeld() is used to assert() that the global mutex 
-** is held when required. This function is only used as part of assert() 
+** Function unixMutexHeld() is used to assert() that the global mutex
+** is held when required. This function is only used as part of assert()
 ** statements. e.g.
 **
 **   unixEnterMutex()
@@ -32922,7 +34473,7 @@ static int lockTrace(int fd, int op, struct flock *p){
 static int robust_ftruncate(int h, sqlite3_int64 sz){
   int rc;
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
-  /* On Android, ftruncate() always uses 32-bit offsets, even if 
+  /* On Android, ftruncate() always uses 32-bit offsets, even if
   ** _FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 is defined. This means it is unsafe to attempt to
   ** truncate a file to any size larger than 2GiB. Silently ignore any
   ** such attempts.  */
@@ -32938,32 +34489,32 @@ static int robust_ftruncate(int h, sqlite3_int64 sz){
 ** This routine translates a standard POSIX errno code into something
 ** useful to the clients of the sqlite3 functions.  Specifically, it is
 ** intended to translate a variety of "try again" errors into SQLITE_BUSY
-** and a variety of "please close the file descriptor NOW" errors into 
+** and a variety of "please close the file descriptor NOW" errors into
 ** SQLITE_IOERR
-** 
+**
 ** Errors during initialization of locks, or file system support for locks,
 ** should handle ENOLCK, ENOTSUP, EOPNOTSUPP separately.
 */
 static int sqliteErrorFromPosixError(int posixError, int sqliteIOErr) {
-  assert( (sqliteIOErr == SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK) || 
-          (sqliteIOErr == SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK) || 
+  assert( (sqliteIOErr == SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK) ||
+          (sqliteIOErr == SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK) ||
           (sqliteIOErr == SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK) ||
           (sqliteIOErr == SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK) );
   switch (posixError) {
-  case EACCES: 
+  case EACCES:
   case EAGAIN:
   case ETIMEDOUT:
   case EBUSY:
   case EINTR:
-  case ENOLCK:  
-    /* random NFS retry error, unless during file system support 
+  case ENOLCK:
+    /* random NFS retry error, unless during file system support
      * introspection, in which it actually means what it says */
     return SQLITE_BUSY;
-    
-  case EPERM: 
+
+  case EPERM:
     return SQLITE_PERM;
-    
-  default: 
+
+  default:
     return sqliteIOErr;
   }
 }
@@ -32978,7 +34529,7 @@ static int sqliteErrorFromPosixError(int posixError, int sqliteIOErr) {
 **
 ** A pointer to an instance of the following structure can be used as a
 ** unique file ID in VxWorks.  Each instance of this structure contains
-** a copy of the canonical filename.  There is also a reference count.  
+** a copy of the canonical filename.  There is also a reference count.
 ** The structure is reclaimed when the number of pointers to it drops to
 ** zero.
 **
@@ -32994,7 +34545,7 @@ struct vxworksFileId {
 };
 
 #if OS_VXWORKS
-/* 
+/*
 ** All unique filenames are held on a linked list headed by this
 ** variable:
 */
@@ -33066,7 +34617,7 @@ static struct vxworksFileId *vxworksFindFileId(const char *zAbsoluteName){
   */
   unixEnterMutex();
   for(pCandidate=vxworksFileList; pCandidate; pCandidate=pCandidate->pNext){
-    if( pCandidate->nName==n 
+    if( pCandidate->nName==n
      && memcmp(pCandidate->zCanonicalName, pNew->zCanonicalName, n)==0
     ){
        sqlite3_free(pNew);
@@ -33159,7 +34710,7 @@ static void vxworksReleaseFileId(struct vxworksFileId *pId){
 ** cnt>0 means there are cnt shared locks on the file.
 **
 ** Any attempt to lock or unlock a file first checks the locking
-** structure.  The fcntl() system call is only invoked to set a 
+** structure.  The fcntl() system call is only invoked to set a
 ** POSIX lock if the internal lock structure transitions between
 ** a locked and an unlocked state.
 **
@@ -33192,7 +34743,7 @@ static void vxworksReleaseFileId(struct vxworksFileId *pId){
 **
 ** SQLite used to support LinuxThreads.  But support for LinuxThreads
 ** was dropped beginning with version 3.7.0.  SQLite will still work with
-** LinuxThreads provided that (1) there is no more than one connection 
+** LinuxThreads provided that (1) there is no more than one connection
 ** per database file in the same process and (2) database connections
 ** do not move across threads.
 */
@@ -33209,7 +34760,7 @@ struct unixFileId {
   /* We are told that some versions of Android contain a bug that
   ** sizes ino_t at only 32-bits instead of 64-bits. (See
   ** https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/115351/3/dist/sqlite3.c)
-  ** To work around this, always allocate 64-bits for the inode number.  
+  ** To work around this, always allocate 64-bits for the inode number.
   ** On small machines that only have 32-bit inodes, this wastes 4 bytes,
   ** but that should not be a big deal. */
   /* WAS:  ino_t ino;   */
@@ -33219,8 +34770,7 @@ struct unixFileId {
 
 /*
 ** An instance of the following structure is allocated for each open
-** inode.  Or, on LinuxThreads, there is one of these structures for
-** each inode opened by each thread.
+** inode.
 **
 ** A single inode can have multiple file descriptors, so each unixFile
 ** structure contains a pointer to an instance of this object and this
@@ -33266,13 +34816,16 @@ struct unixInodeInfo {
 
 /*
 ** A lists of all unixInodeInfo objects.
+**
+** Must hold unixBigLock in order to read or write this variable.
 */
 static unixInodeInfo *inodeList = 0;  /* All unixInodeInfo objects */
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 /*
-** True if the inode mutex is held, or not.  Used only within assert()
-** to help verify correct mutex usage.
+** True if the inode mutex (on the unixFile.pFileMutex field) is held, or not.
+** This routine is used only within assert() to help verify correct mutex
+** usage.
 */
 int unixFileMutexHeld(unixFile *pFile){
   assert( pFile->pInode );
@@ -33295,7 +34848,7 @@ int unixFileMutexNotheld(unixFile *pFile){
 ** strerror_r().
 **
 ** The first argument passed to the macro should be the error code that
-** will be returned to SQLite (e.g. SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE, SQLITE_CANTOPEN). 
+** will be returned to SQLite (e.g. SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE, SQLITE_CANTOPEN).
 ** The two subsequent arguments should be the name of the OS function that
 ** failed (e.g. "unlink", "open") and the associated file-system path,
 ** if any.
@@ -33313,7 +34866,7 @@ static int unixLogErrorAtLine(
   /* If this is not a threadsafe build (SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0), then use
   ** the strerror() function to obtain the human-readable error message
   ** equivalent to errno. Otherwise, use strerror_r().
-  */ 
+  */
 #if SQLITE_THREADSAFE && defined(HAVE_STRERROR_R)
   char aErr[80];
   memset(aErr, 0, sizeof(aErr));
@@ -33321,18 +34874,18 @@ static int unixLogErrorAtLine(
 
   /* If STRERROR_R_CHAR_P (set by autoconf scripts) or __USE_GNU is defined,
   ** assume that the system provides the GNU version of strerror_r() that
-  ** returns a pointer to a buffer containing the error message. That pointer 
-  ** may point to aErr[], or it may point to some static storage somewhere. 
-  ** Otherwise, assume that the system provides the POSIX version of 
+  ** returns a pointer to a buffer containing the error message. That pointer
+  ** may point to aErr[], or it may point to some static storage somewhere.
+  ** Otherwise, assume that the system provides the POSIX version of
   ** strerror_r(), which always writes an error message into aErr[].
   **
   ** If the code incorrectly assumes that it is the POSIX version that is
   ** available, the error message will often be an empty string. Not a
-  ** huge problem. Incorrectly concluding that the GNU version is available 
+  ** huge problem. Incorrectly concluding that the GNU version is available
   ** could lead to a segfault though.
   */
 #if defined(STRERROR_R_CHAR_P) || defined(__USE_GNU)
-  zErr = 
+  zErr =
 # endif
   strerror_r(iErrno, aErr, sizeof(aErr)-1);
 
@@ -33383,7 +34936,7 @@ static void storeLastErrno(unixFile *pFile, int error){
 
 /*
 ** Close all file descriptors accumuated in the unixInodeInfo->pUnused list.
-*/ 
+*/
 static void closePendingFds(unixFile *pFile){
   unixInodeInfo *pInode = pFile->pInode;
   UnixUnusedFd *p;
@@ -33400,8 +34953,8 @@ static void closePendingFds(unixFile *pFile){
 /*
 ** Release a unixInodeInfo structure previously allocated by findInodeInfo().
 **
-** The mutex entered using the unixEnterMutex() function must be held
-** when this function is called.
+** The global mutex must be held when this routine is called, but the mutex
+** on the inode being deleted must NOT be held.
 */
 static void releaseInodeInfo(unixFile *pFile){
   unixInodeInfo *pInode = pFile->pInode;
@@ -33436,8 +34989,7 @@ static void releaseInodeInfo(unixFile *pFile){
 ** describes that file descriptor.  Create a new one if necessary.  The
 ** return value might be uninitialized if an error occurs.
 **
-** The mutex entered using the unixEnterMutex() function must be held
-** when this function is called.
+** The global mutex must held when calling this routine.
 **
 ** Return an appropriate error code.
 */
@@ -33498,6 +35050,7 @@ static int findInodeInfo(
 #else
   fileId.ino = (u64)statbuf.st_ino;
 #endif
+  assert( unixMutexHeld() );
   pInode = inodeList;
   while( pInode && memcmp(&fileId, &pInode->fileId, sizeof(fileId)) ){
     pInode = pInode->pNext;
@@ -33517,6 +35070,7 @@ static int findInodeInfo(
       }
     }
     pInode->nRef = 1;
+    assert( unixMutexHeld() );
     pInode->pNext = inodeList;
     pInode->pPrev = 0;
     if( inodeList ) inodeList->pPrev = pInode;
@@ -33537,7 +35091,7 @@ static int fileHasMoved(unixFile *pFile){
 #else
   struct stat buf;
   return pFile->pInode!=0 &&
-      (osStat(pFile->zPath, &buf)!=0 
+      (osStat(pFile->zPath, &buf)!=0
          || (u64)buf.st_ino!=pFile->pInode->fileId.ino);
 #endif
 }
@@ -33618,7 +35172,7 @@ static int unixCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
     }
   }
 #endif
-  
+
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(pFile->pInode->pLockMutex);
   OSTRACE(("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d %d (unix)\n", pFile->h, rc, reserved));
 
@@ -33626,6 +35180,9 @@ static int unixCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
   return rc;
 }
 
+/* Forward declaration*/
+static int unixSleep(sqlite3_vfs*,int);
+
 /*
 ** Set a posix-advisory-lock.
 **
@@ -33647,16 +35204,17 @@ static int osSetPosixAdvisoryLock(
   struct flock *pLock,  /* The description of the lock */
   unixFile *pFile       /* Structure holding timeout value */
 ){
+  int tm = pFile->iBusyTimeout;
   int rc = osFcntl(h,F_SETLK,pLock);
-  while( rc<0 && pFile->iBusyTimeout>0 ){
+  while( rc<0 && tm>0 ){
     /* On systems that support some kind of blocking file lock with a timeout,
     ** make appropriate changes here to invoke that blocking file lock.  On
     ** generic posix, however, there is no such API.  So we simply try the
     ** lock once every millisecond until either the timeout expires, or until
     ** the lock is obtained. */
-    usleep(1000);
+    unixSleep(0,1000);
     rc = osFcntl(h,F_SETLK,pLock);
-    pFile->iBusyTimeout--;
+    tm--;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -33664,7 +35222,7 @@ static int osSetPosixAdvisoryLock(
 
 
 /*
-** Attempt to set a system-lock on the file pFile.  The lock is 
+** Attempt to set a system-lock on the file pFile.  The lock is
 ** described by pLock.
 **
 ** If the pFile was opened read/write from unix-excl, then the only lock
@@ -33756,7 +35314,7 @@ static int unixLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
   **
   ** A process may only obtain a RESERVED lock after it has a SHARED lock.
   ** A RESERVED lock is implemented by grabbing a write-lock on the
-  ** 'reserved byte'. 
+  ** 'reserved byte'.
   **
   ** A process may only obtain a PENDING lock after it has obtained a
   ** SHARED lock. A PENDING lock is implemented by obtaining a write-lock
@@ -33770,7 +35328,7 @@ static int unixLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
   ** implemented by obtaining a write-lock on the entire 'shared byte
   ** range'. Since all other locks require a read-lock on one of the bytes
   ** within this range, this ensures that no other locks are held on the
-  ** database. 
+  ** database.
   */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
@@ -33811,7 +35369,7 @@ static int unixLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
   /* If some thread using this PID has a lock via a different unixFile*
   ** handle that precludes the requested lock, return BUSY.
   */
-  if( (pFile->eFileLock!=pInode->eFileLock && 
+  if( (pFile->eFileLock!=pInode->eFileLock &&
           (pInode->eFileLock>=PENDING_LOCK || eFileLock>SHARED_LOCK))
   ){
     rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
@@ -33822,7 +35380,7 @@ static int unixLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
   ** has a SHARED or RESERVED lock, then increment reference counts and
   ** return SQLITE_OK.
   */
-  if( eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK && 
+  if( eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK &&
       (pInode->eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK || pInode->eFileLock==RESERVED_LOCK) ){
     assert( eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK );
     assert( pFile->eFileLock==0 );
@@ -33840,7 +35398,7 @@ static int unixLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
   */
   lock.l_len = 1L;
   lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
-  if( eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK 
+  if( eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK
       || (eFileLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && pFile->eFileLock<PENDING_LOCK)
   ){
     lock.l_type = (eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK?F_RDLCK:F_WRLCK);
@@ -33879,7 +35437,7 @@ static int unixLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
     if( unixFileLock(pFile, &lock) && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       /* This could happen with a network mount */
       tErrno = errno;
-      rc = SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK; 
+      rc = SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK;
     }
 
     if( rc ){
@@ -33921,7 +35479,7 @@ static int unixLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
       }
     }
   }
-  
+
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   /* Set up the transaction-counter change checking flags when
@@ -33950,7 +35508,7 @@ static int unixLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
 
 end_lock:
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(pInode->pLockMutex);
-  OSTRACE(("LOCK    %d %s %s (unix)\n", pFile->h, azFileLock(eFileLock), 
+  OSTRACE(("LOCK    %d %s %s (unix)\n", pFile->h, azFileLock(eFileLock),
       rc==SQLITE_OK ? "ok" : "failed"));
   return rc;
 }
@@ -33975,11 +35533,11 @@ static void setPendingFd(unixFile *pFile){
 **
 ** If the locking level of the file descriptor is already at or below
 ** the requested locking level, this routine is a no-op.
-** 
+**
 ** If handleNFSUnlock is true, then on downgrading an EXCLUSIVE_LOCK to SHARED
 ** the byte range is divided into 2 parts and the first part is unlocked then
-** set to a read lock, then the other part is simply unlocked.  This works 
-** around a bug in BSD NFS lockd (also seen on MacOSX 10.3+) that fails to 
+** set to a read lock, then the other part is simply unlocked.  This works
+** around a bug in BSD NFS lockd (also seen on MacOSX 10.3+) that fails to
 ** remove the write lock on a region when a read lock is set.
 */
 static int posixUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock, int handleNFSUnlock){
@@ -34017,7 +35575,7 @@ static int posixUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock, int handleNFSUnlock){
 
     /* downgrading to a shared lock on NFS involves clearing the write lock
     ** before establishing the readlock - to avoid a race condition we downgrade
-    ** the lock in 2 blocks, so that part of the range will be covered by a 
+    ** the lock in 2 blocks, so that part of the range will be covered by a
     ** write lock until the rest is covered by a read lock:
     **  1:   [WWWWW]
     **  2:   [....W]
@@ -34033,7 +35591,7 @@ static int posixUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock, int handleNFSUnlock){
       if( handleNFSUnlock ){
         int tErrno;               /* Error code from system call errors */
         off_t divSize = SHARED_SIZE - 1;
-        
+
         lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
         lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
         lock.l_start = SHARED_FIRST;
@@ -34075,11 +35633,11 @@ static int posixUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock, int handleNFSUnlock){
         lock.l_len = SHARED_SIZE;
         if( unixFileLock(pFile, &lock) ){
           /* In theory, the call to unixFileLock() cannot fail because another
-          ** process is holding an incompatible lock. If it does, this 
+          ** process is holding an incompatible lock. If it does, this
           ** indicates that the other process is not following the locking
           ** protocol. If this happens, return SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK. Returning
-          ** SQLITE_BUSY would confuse the upper layer (in practice it causes 
-          ** an assert to fail). */ 
+          ** SQLITE_BUSY would confuse the upper layer (in practice it causes
+          ** an assert to fail). */
           rc = SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK;
           storeLastErrno(pFile, errno);
           goto end_unlock;
@@ -34155,7 +35713,7 @@ static void unixUnmapfile(unixFile *pFd);
 #endif
 
 /*
-** This function performs the parts of the "close file" operation 
+** This function performs the parts of the "close file" operation
 ** common to all locking schemes. It closes the directory and file
 ** handles, if they are valid, and sets all fields of the unixFile
 ** structure to 0.
@@ -34218,13 +35776,14 @@ static int unixClose(sqlite3_file *id){
   if( pInode->nLock ){
     /* If there are outstanding locks, do not actually close the file just
     ** yet because that would clear those locks.  Instead, add the file
-    ** descriptor to pInode->pUnused list.  It will be automatically closed 
+    ** descriptor to pInode->pUnused list.  It will be automatically closed
     ** when the last lock is cleared.
     */
     setPendingFd(pFile);
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(pInode->pLockMutex);
   releaseInodeInfo(pFile);
+  assert( pFile->pShm==0 );
   rc = closeUnixFile(id);
   unixLeaveMutex();
   return rc;
@@ -34318,7 +35877,7 @@ static int dotlockCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut) {
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
 
   SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK; );
-  
+
   assert( pFile );
   reserved = osAccess((const char*)pFile->lockingContext, 0)==0;
   OSTRACE(("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d %d (dotlock)\n", pFile->h, rc, reserved));
@@ -34372,7 +35931,7 @@ static int dotlockLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
 #endif
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
-  
+
   /* grab an exclusive lock */
   rc = osMkdir(zLockFile, 0777);
   if( rc<0 ){
@@ -34387,8 +35946,8 @@ static int dotlockLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
       }
     }
     return rc;
-  } 
-  
+  }
+
   /* got it, set the type and return ok */
   pFile->eFileLock = eFileLock;
   return rc;
@@ -34412,7 +35971,7 @@ static int dotlockUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
   OSTRACE(("UNLOCK  %d %d was %d pid=%d (dotlock)\n", pFile->h, eFileLock,
            pFile->eFileLock, osGetpid(0)));
   assert( eFileLock<=SHARED_LOCK );
-  
+
   /* no-op if possible */
   if( pFile->eFileLock==eFileLock ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -34425,7 +35984,7 @@ static int dotlockUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
     pFile->eFileLock = SHARED_LOCK;
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
-  
+
   /* To fully unlock the database, delete the lock file */
   assert( eFileLock==NO_LOCK );
   rc = osRmdir(zLockFile);
@@ -34437,7 +35996,7 @@ static int dotlockUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
       rc = SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK;
       storeLastErrno(pFile, tErrno);
     }
-    return rc; 
+    return rc;
   }
   pFile->eFileLock = NO_LOCK;
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -34484,7 +36043,7 @@ static int robust_flock(int fd, int op){
 #else
 # define robust_flock(a,b) flock(a,b)
 #endif
-     
+
 
 /*
 ** This routine checks if there is a RESERVED lock held on the specified
@@ -34496,16 +36055,16 @@ static int flockCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int reserved = 0;
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  
+
   SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK; );
-  
+
   assert( pFile );
-  
+
   /* Check if a thread in this process holds such a lock */
   if( pFile->eFileLock>SHARED_LOCK ){
     reserved = 1;
   }
-  
+
   /* Otherwise see if some other process holds it. */
   if( !reserved ){
     /* attempt to get the lock */
@@ -34516,7 +36075,7 @@ static int flockCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
       if ( lrc ) {
         int tErrno = errno;
         /* unlock failed with an error */
-        lrc = SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK; 
+        lrc = SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK;
         storeLastErrno(pFile, tErrno);
         rc = lrc;
       }
@@ -34524,7 +36083,7 @@ static int flockCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
       int tErrno = errno;
       reserved = 1;
       /* someone else might have it reserved */
-      lrc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK); 
+      lrc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK);
       if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(lrc) ){
         storeLastErrno(pFile, tErrno);
         rc = lrc;
@@ -34578,15 +36137,15 @@ static int flockLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
 
   assert( pFile );
 
-  /* if we already have a lock, it is exclusive.  
+  /* if we already have a lock, it is exclusive.
   ** Just adjust level and punt on outta here. */
   if (pFile->eFileLock > NO_LOCK) {
     pFile->eFileLock = eFileLock;
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
-  
+
   /* grab an exclusive lock */
-  
+
   if (robust_flock(pFile->h, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)) {
     int tErrno = errno;
     /* didn't get, must be busy */
@@ -34598,7 +36157,7 @@ static int flockLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
     /* got it, set the type and return ok */
     pFile->eFileLock = eFileLock;
   }
-  OSTRACE(("LOCK    %d %s %s (flock)\n", pFile->h, azFileLock(eFileLock), 
+  OSTRACE(("LOCK    %d %s %s (flock)\n", pFile->h, azFileLock(eFileLock),
            rc==SQLITE_OK ? "ok" : "failed"));
 #ifdef SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS
   if( (rc & 0xff) == SQLITE_IOERR ){
@@ -34618,23 +36177,23 @@ static int flockLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
 */
 static int flockUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-  
+
   assert( pFile );
   OSTRACE(("UNLOCK  %d %d was %d pid=%d (flock)\n", pFile->h, eFileLock,
            pFile->eFileLock, osGetpid(0)));
   assert( eFileLock<=SHARED_LOCK );
-  
+
   /* no-op if possible */
   if( pFile->eFileLock==eFileLock ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
-  
+
   /* shared can just be set because we always have an exclusive */
   if (eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK) {
     pFile->eFileLock = eFileLock;
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
-  
+
   /* no, really, unlock. */
   if( robust_flock(pFile->h, LOCK_UN) ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS
@@ -34685,14 +36244,14 @@ static int semXCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut) {
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
 
   SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK; );
-  
+
   assert( pFile );
 
   /* Check if a thread in this process holds such a lock */
   if( pFile->eFileLock>SHARED_LOCK ){
     reserved = 1;
   }
-  
+
   /* Otherwise see if some other process holds it. */
   if( !reserved ){
     sem_t *pSem = pFile->pInode->pSem;
@@ -34751,14 +36310,14 @@ static int semXLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
   sem_t *pSem = pFile->pInode->pSem;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
-  /* if we already have a lock, it is exclusive.  
+  /* if we already have a lock, it is exclusive.
   ** Just adjust level and punt on outta here. */
   if (pFile->eFileLock > NO_LOCK) {
     pFile->eFileLock = eFileLock;
     rc = SQLITE_OK;
     goto sem_end_lock;
   }
-  
+
   /* lock semaphore now but bail out when already locked. */
   if( sem_trywait(pSem)==-1 ){
     rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
@@ -34788,18 +36347,18 @@ static int semXUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
   OSTRACE(("UNLOCK  %d %d was %d pid=%d (sem)\n", pFile->h, eFileLock,
            pFile->eFileLock, osGetpid(0)));
   assert( eFileLock<=SHARED_LOCK );
-  
+
   /* no-op if possible */
   if( pFile->eFileLock==eFileLock ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
-  
+
   /* shared can just be set because we always have an exclusive */
   if (eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK) {
     pFile->eFileLock = eFileLock;
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
-  
+
   /* no, really unlock. */
   if ( sem_post(pSem)==-1 ) {
     int rc, tErrno = errno;
@@ -34807,7 +36366,7 @@ static int semXUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
     if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(rc) ){
       storeLastErrno(pFile, tErrno);
     }
-    return rc; 
+    return rc;
   }
   pFile->eFileLock = NO_LOCK;
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -34873,7 +36432,7 @@ struct ByteRangeLockPB2
 /*
 ** This is a utility for setting or clearing a bit-range lock on an
 ** AFP filesystem.
-** 
+**
 ** Return SQLITE_OK on success, SQLITE_BUSY on failure.
 */
 static int afpSetLock(
@@ -34885,14 +36444,14 @@ static int afpSetLock(
 ){
   struct ByteRangeLockPB2 pb;
   int err;
-  
+
   pb.unLockFlag = setLockFlag ? 0 : 1;
   pb.startEndFlag = 0;
   pb.offset = offset;
-  pb.length = length; 
+  pb.length = length;
   pb.fd = pFile->h;
-  
-  OSTRACE(("AFPSETLOCK [%s] for %d%s in range %llx:%llx\n", 
+
+  OSTRACE(("AFPSETLOCK [%s] for %d%s in range %llx:%llx\n",
     (setLockFlag?"ON":"OFF"), pFile->h, (pb.fd==-1?"[testval-1]":""),
     offset, length));
   err = fsctl(path, afpfsByteRangeLock2FSCTL, &pb, 0);
@@ -34927,9 +36486,9 @@ static int afpCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
   int reserved = 0;
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
   afpLockingContext *context;
-  
+
   SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK; );
-  
+
   assert( pFile );
   context = (afpLockingContext *) pFile->lockingContext;
   if( context->reserved ){
@@ -34941,12 +36500,12 @@ static int afpCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
   if( pFile->pInode->eFileLock>SHARED_LOCK ){
     reserved = 1;
   }
-  
+
   /* Otherwise see if some other process holds it.
    */
   if( !reserved ){
     /* lock the RESERVED byte */
-    int lrc = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, RESERVED_BYTE, 1,1);  
+    int lrc = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, RESERVED_BYTE, 1,1);
     if( SQLITE_OK==lrc ){
       /* if we succeeded in taking the reserved lock, unlock it to restore
       ** the original state */
@@ -34959,10 +36518,10 @@ static int afpCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
       rc=lrc;
     }
   }
-  
+
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(pFile->pInode->pLockMutex);
   OSTRACE(("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d %d (afp)\n", pFile->h, rc, reserved));
-  
+
   *pResOut = reserved;
   return rc;
 }
@@ -34996,7 +36555,7 @@ static int afpLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
   unixInodeInfo *pInode = pFile->pInode;
   afpLockingContext *context = (afpLockingContext *) pFile->lockingContext;
-  
+
   assert( pFile );
   OSTRACE(("LOCK    %d %s was %s(%s,%d) pid=%d (afp)\n", pFile->h,
            azFileLock(eFileLock), azFileLock(pFile->eFileLock),
@@ -35020,7 +36579,7 @@ static int afpLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
   assert( pFile->eFileLock!=NO_LOCK || eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK );
   assert( eFileLock!=PENDING_LOCK );
   assert( eFileLock!=RESERVED_LOCK || pFile->eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK );
-  
+
   /* This mutex is needed because pFile->pInode is shared across threads
   */
   pInode = pFile->pInode;
@@ -35029,18 +36588,18 @@ static int afpLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
   /* If some thread using this PID has a lock via a different unixFile*
   ** handle that precludes the requested lock, return BUSY.
   */
-  if( (pFile->eFileLock!=pInode->eFileLock && 
+  if( (pFile->eFileLock!=pInode->eFileLock &&
        (pInode->eFileLock>=PENDING_LOCK || eFileLock>SHARED_LOCK))
      ){
     rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
     goto afp_end_lock;
   }
-  
+
   /* If a SHARED lock is requested, and some thread using this PID already
   ** has a SHARED or RESERVED lock, then increment reference counts and
   ** return SQLITE_OK.
   */
-  if( eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK && 
+  if( eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK &&
      (pInode->eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK || pInode->eFileLock==RESERVED_LOCK) ){
     assert( eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK );
     assert( pFile->eFileLock==0 );
@@ -35050,12 +36609,12 @@ static int afpLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
     pInode->nLock++;
     goto afp_end_lock;
   }
-    
+
   /* A PENDING lock is needed before acquiring a SHARED lock and before
   ** acquiring an EXCLUSIVE lock.  For the SHARED lock, the PENDING will
   ** be released.
   */
-  if( eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK 
+  if( eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK
       || (eFileLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && pFile->eFileLock<PENDING_LOCK)
   ){
     int failed;
@@ -35065,30 +36624,30 @@ static int afpLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
       goto afp_end_lock;
     }
   }
-  
+
   /* If control gets to this point, then actually go ahead and make
   ** operating system calls for the specified lock.
   */
   if( eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK ){
     int lrc1, lrc2, lrc1Errno = 0;
     long lk, mask;
-    
+
     assert( pInode->nShared==0 );
     assert( pInode->eFileLock==0 );
-        
+
     mask = (sizeof(long)==8) ? LARGEST_INT64 : 0x7fffffff;
     /* Now get the read-lock SHARED_LOCK */
     /* note that the quality of the randomness doesn't matter that much */
-    lk = random(); 
+    lk = random();
     pInode->sharedByte = (lk & mask)%(SHARED_SIZE - 1);
-    lrc1 = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, 
+    lrc1 = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile,
           SHARED_FIRST+pInode->sharedByte, 1, 1);
     if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(lrc1) ){
       lrc1Errno = pFile->lastErrno;
     }
     /* Drop the temporary PENDING lock */
     lrc2 = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, PENDING_BYTE, 1, 0);
-    
+
     if( IS_LOCK_ERROR(lrc1) ) {
       storeLastErrno(pFile, lrc1Errno);
       rc = lrc1;
@@ -35123,34 +36682,34 @@ static int afpLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
     }
     if (!failed && eFileLock == EXCLUSIVE_LOCK) {
       /* Acquire an EXCLUSIVE lock */
-        
-      /* Remove the shared lock before trying the range.  we'll need to 
+
+      /* Remove the shared lock before trying the range.  we'll need to
       ** reestablish the shared lock if we can't get the  afpUnlock
       */
       if( !(failed = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, SHARED_FIRST +
                          pInode->sharedByte, 1, 0)) ){
         int failed2 = SQLITE_OK;
         /* now attemmpt to get the exclusive lock range */
-        failed = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, SHARED_FIRST, 
+        failed = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, SHARED_FIRST,
                                SHARED_SIZE, 1);
-        if( failed && (failed2 = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, 
+        if( failed && (failed2 = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile,
                        SHARED_FIRST + pInode->sharedByte, 1, 1)) ){
           /* Can't reestablish the shared lock.  Sqlite can't deal, this is
           ** a critical I/O error
           */
-          rc = ((failed & 0xff) == SQLITE_IOERR) ? failed2 : 
+          rc = ((failed & 0xff) == SQLITE_IOERR) ? failed2 :
                SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK;
           goto afp_end_lock;
-        } 
+        }
       }else{
-        rc = failed; 
+        rc = failed;
       }
     }
     if( failed ){
       rc = failed;
     }
   }
-  
+
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     pFile->eFileLock = eFileLock;
     pInode->eFileLock = eFileLock;
@@ -35158,10 +36717,10 @@ static int afpLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
     pFile->eFileLock = PENDING_LOCK;
     pInode->eFileLock = PENDING_LOCK;
   }
-  
+
 afp_end_lock:
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(pInode->pLockMutex);
-  OSTRACE(("LOCK    %d %s %s (afp)\n", pFile->h, azFileLock(eFileLock), 
+  OSTRACE(("LOCK    %d %s %s (afp)\n", pFile->h, azFileLock(eFileLock),
          rc==SQLITE_OK ? "ok" : "failed"));
   return rc;
 }
@@ -35200,7 +36759,7 @@ static int afpUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
     SimulateIOErrorBenign(1);
     SimulateIOError( h=(-1) )
     SimulateIOErrorBenign(0);
-    
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
     /* When reducing a lock such that other processes can start
     ** reading the database file again, make sure that the
@@ -35215,7 +36774,7 @@ static int afpUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
            || pFile->transCntrChng==1 );
     pFile->inNormalWrite = 0;
 #endif
-    
+
     if( pFile->eFileLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK ){
       rc = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, SHARED_FIRST, SHARED_SIZE, 0);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK && (eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK || pInode->nShared>1) ){
@@ -35228,11 +36787,11 @@ static int afpUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pFile->eFileLock>=PENDING_LOCK ){
       rc = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, PENDING_BYTE, 1, 0);
-    } 
+    }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pFile->eFileLock>=RESERVED_LOCK && context->reserved ){
       rc = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, RESERVED_BYTE, 1, 0);
-      if( !rc ){ 
-        context->reserved = 0; 
+      if( !rc ){
+        context->reserved = 0;
       }
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && (eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK || pInode->nShared>1)){
@@ -35265,7 +36824,7 @@ static int afpUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
       if( pInode->nLock==0 ) closePendingFds(pFile);
     }
   }
-  
+
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(pInode->pLockMutex);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     pFile->eFileLock = eFileLock;
@@ -35274,7 +36833,7 @@ static int afpUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
 }
 
 /*
-** Close a file & cleanup AFP specific locking context 
+** Close a file & cleanup AFP specific locking context
 */
 static int afpClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -35332,7 +36891,7 @@ static int nfsUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
 /*
 ** The code above is the NFS lock implementation.  The code is specific
 ** to MacOSX and does not work on other unix platforms.  No alternative
-** is available.  
+** is available.
 **
 ********************* End of the NFS lock implementation **********************
 ******************************************************************************/
@@ -35340,7 +36899,7 @@ static int nfsUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
 /******************************************************************************
 **************** Non-locking sqlite3_file methods *****************************
 **
-** The next division contains implementations for all methods of the 
+** The next division contains implementations for all methods of the
 ** sqlite3_file object other than the locking methods.  The locking
 ** methods were defined in divisions above (one locking method per
 ** division).  Those methods that are common to all locking modes
@@ -35348,7 +36907,7 @@ static int nfsUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){
 */
 
 /*
-** Seek to the offset passed as the second argument, then read cnt 
+** Seek to the offset passed as the second argument, then read cnt
 ** bytes into pBuf. Return the number of bytes actually read.
 **
 ** NB:  If you define USE_PREAD or USE_PREAD64, then it might also
@@ -35410,8 +36969,8 @@ static int seekAndRead(unixFile *id, sqlite3_int64 offset, void *pBuf, int cnt){
 ** wrong.
 */
 static int unixRead(
-  sqlite3_file *id, 
-  void *pBuf, 
+  sqlite3_file *id,
+  void *pBuf,
   int amt,
   sqlite3_int64 offset
 ){
@@ -35421,12 +36980,12 @@ static int unixRead(
   assert( offset>=0 );
   assert( amt>0 );
 
-  /* If this is a database file (not a journal, master-journal or temp
+  /* If this is a database file (not a journal, super-journal or temp
   ** file), the bytes in the locking range should never be read or written. */
 #if 0
   assert( pFile->pPreallocatedUnused==0
        || offset>=PENDING_BYTE+512
-       || offset+amt<=PENDING_BYTE 
+       || offset+amt<=PENDING_BYTE
   );
 #endif
 
@@ -35451,7 +37010,24 @@ static int unixRead(
   if( got==amt ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }else if( got<0 ){
-    /* lastErrno set by seekAndRead */
+    /* pFile->lastErrno has been set by seekAndRead().
+    ** Usually we return SQLITE_IOERR_READ here, though for some
+    ** kinds of errors we return SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS.  The
+    ** SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS will be converted into SQLITE_CORRUPT
+    ** prior to returning to the application by the sqlite3ApiExit()
+    ** routine.
+    */
+    switch( pFile->lastErrno ){
+      case ERANGE:
+      case EIO:
+#ifdef ENXIO
+      case ENXIO:
+#endif
+#ifdef EDEVERR
+      case EDEVERR:
+#endif
+        return SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS;
+    }
     return SQLITE_IOERR_READ;
   }else{
     storeLastErrno(pFile, 0);   /* not a system error */
@@ -35464,7 +37040,7 @@ static int unixRead(
 /*
 ** Attempt to seek the file-descriptor passed as the first argument to
 ** absolute offset iOff, then attempt to write nBuf bytes of data from
-** pBuf to it. If an error occurs, return -1 and set *piErrno. Otherwise, 
+** pBuf to it. If an error occurs, return -1 and set *piErrno. Otherwise,
 ** return the actual number of bytes written (which may be less than
 ** nBuf).
 */
@@ -35524,22 +37100,22 @@ static int seekAndWrite(unixFile *id, i64 offset, const void *pBuf, int cnt){
 ** or some other error code on failure.
 */
 static int unixWrite(
-  sqlite3_file *id, 
-  const void *pBuf, 
+  sqlite3_file *id,
+  const void *pBuf,
   int amt,
-  sqlite3_int64 offset 
+  sqlite3_int64 offset
 ){
   unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
   int wrote = 0;
   assert( id );
   assert( amt>0 );
 
-  /* If this is a database file (not a journal, master-journal or temp
+  /* If this is a database file (not a journal, super-journal or temp
   ** file), the bytes in the locking range should never be read or written. */
 #if 0
   assert( pFile->pPreallocatedUnused==0
        || offset>=PENDING_BYTE+512
-       || offset+amt<=PENDING_BYTE 
+       || offset+amt<=PENDING_BYTE
   );
 #endif
 
@@ -35581,7 +37157,7 @@ static int unixWrite(
     }
   }
 #endif
- 
+
   while( (wrote = seekAndWrite(pFile, offset, pBuf, amt))<amt && wrote>0 ){
     amt -= wrote;
     offset += wrote;
@@ -35647,8 +37223,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_fullsync_count = 0;
 **
 ** SQLite sets the dataOnly flag if the size of the file is unchanged.
 ** The idea behind dataOnly is that it should only write the file content
-** to disk, not the inode.  We only set dataOnly if the file size is 
-** unchanged since the file size is part of the inode.  However, 
+** to disk, not the inode.  We only set dataOnly if the file size is
+** unchanged since the file size is part of the inode.  However,
 ** Ted Ts'o tells us that fdatasync() will also write the inode if the
 ** file size has changed.  The only real difference between fdatasync()
 ** and fsync(), Ted tells us, is that fdatasync() will not flush the
@@ -35662,7 +37238,7 @@ static int full_fsync(int fd, int fullSync, int dataOnly){
   int rc;
 
   /* The following "ifdef/elif/else/" block has the same structure as
-  ** the one below. It is replicated here solely to avoid cluttering 
+  ** the one below. It is replicated here solely to avoid cluttering
   ** up the real code with the UNUSED_PARAMETER() macros.
   */
 #ifdef SQLITE_NO_SYNC
@@ -35676,7 +37252,7 @@ static int full_fsync(int fd, int fullSync, int dataOnly){
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(dataOnly);
 #endif
 
-  /* Record the number of times that we do a normal fsync() and 
+  /* Record the number of times that we do a normal fsync() and
   ** FULLSYNC.  This is used during testing to verify that this procedure
   ** gets called with the correct arguments.
   */
@@ -35702,11 +37278,11 @@ static int full_fsync(int fd, int fullSync, int dataOnly){
     rc = 1;
   }
   /* If the FULLFSYNC failed, fall back to attempting an fsync().
-  ** It shouldn't be possible for fullfsync to fail on the local 
+  ** It shouldn't be possible for fullfsync to fail on the local
   ** file system (on OSX), so failure indicates that FULLFSYNC
-  ** isn't supported for this file system. So, attempt an fsync 
-  ** and (for now) ignore the overhead of a superfluous fcntl call.  
-  ** It'd be better to detect fullfsync support once and avoid 
+  ** isn't supported for this file system. So, attempt an fsync
+  ** and (for now) ignore the overhead of a superfluous fcntl call.
+  ** It'd be better to detect fullfsync support once and avoid
   ** the fcntl call every time sync is called.
   */
   if( rc ) rc = fsync(fd);
@@ -35716,7 +37292,7 @@ static int full_fsync(int fd, int fullSync, int dataOnly){
   ** so currently we default to the macro that redefines fdatasync to fsync
   */
   rc = fsync(fd);
-#else 
+#else
   rc = fdatasync(fd);
 #if OS_VXWORKS
   if( rc==-1 && errno==ENOTSUP ){
@@ -35877,7 +37453,7 @@ static int unixTruncate(sqlite3_file *id, i64 nByte){
 #if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
     /* If the file was just truncated to a size smaller than the currently
     ** mapped region, reduce the effective mapping size as well. SQLite will
-    ** use read() and write() to access data beyond this point from now on.  
+    ** use read() and write() to access data beyond this point from now on.
     */
     if( nByte<pFile->mmapSize ){
       pFile->mmapSize = nByte;
@@ -35923,8 +37499,8 @@ static int unixFileSize(sqlite3_file *id, i64 *pSize){
 static int proxyFileControl(sqlite3_file*,int,void*);
 #endif
 
-/* 
-** This function is called to handle the SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT 
+/*
+** This function is called to handle the SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT
 ** file-control operation.  Enlarge the database to nBytes in size
 ** (rounded up to the next chunk-size).  If the database is already
 ** nBytes or larger, this routine is a no-op.
@@ -35933,7 +37509,7 @@ static int fcntlSizeHint(unixFile *pFile, i64 nByte){
   if( pFile->szChunk>0 ){
     i64 nSize;                    /* Required file size */
     struct stat buf;              /* Used to hold return values of fstat() */
-   
+
     if( osFstat(pFile->h, &buf) ){
       return SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT;
     }
@@ -35942,8 +37518,8 @@ static int fcntlSizeHint(unixFile *pFile, i64 nByte){
     if( nSize>(i64)buf.st_size ){
 
 #if defined(HAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE) && HAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE
-      /* The code below is handling the return value of osFallocate() 
-      ** correctly. posix_fallocate() is defined to "returns zero on success, 
+      /* The code below is handling the return value of osFallocate()
+      ** correctly. posix_fallocate() is defined to "returns zero on success,
       ** or an error number on  failure". See the manpage for details. */
       int err;
       do{
@@ -35951,7 +37527,7 @@ static int fcntlSizeHint(unixFile *pFile, i64 nByte){
       }while( err==EINTR );
       if( err && err!=EINVAL ) return SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE;
 #else
-      /* If the OS does not have posix_fallocate(), fake it. Write a 
+      /* If the OS does not have posix_fallocate(), fake it. Write a
       ** single byte to the last byte in each block that falls entirely
       ** within the extended region. Then, if required, a single byte
       ** at offset (nSize-1), to set the size of the file correctly.
@@ -36077,7 +37653,9 @@ static int unixFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
     }
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
     case SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT: {
+      int iOld = pFile->iBusyTimeout;
       pFile->iBusyTimeout = *(int*)pArg;
+      *(int*)pArg = iOld;
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
 #endif
@@ -36130,9 +37708,9 @@ static int unixFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
 
 /*
 ** If pFd->sectorSize is non-zero when this function is called, it is a
-** no-op. Otherwise, the values of pFd->sectorSize and 
-** pFd->deviceCharacteristics are set according to the file-system 
-** characteristics. 
+** no-op. Otherwise, the values of pFd->sectorSize and
+** pFd->deviceCharacteristics are set according to the file-system
+** characteristics.
 **
 ** There are two versions of this function. One for QNX and one for all
 ** other systems.
@@ -36166,7 +37744,7 @@ static void setDeviceCharacteristics(unixFile *pFd){
 static void setDeviceCharacteristics(unixFile *pFile){
   if( pFile->sectorSize == 0 ){
     struct statvfs fsInfo;
-       
+
     /* Set defaults for non-supported filesystems */
     pFile->sectorSize = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE;
     pFile->deviceCharacteristics = 0;
@@ -36275,7 +37853,7 @@ static int unixDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *id){
 /*
 ** Return the system page size.
 **
-** This function should not be called directly by other code in this file. 
+** This function should not be called directly by other code in this file.
 ** Instead, it should be called via macro osGetpagesize().
 */
 static int unixGetpagesize(void){
@@ -36293,7 +37871,7 @@ static int unixGetpagesize(void){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
 
 /*
-** Object used to represent an shared memory buffer.  
+** Object used to represent an shared memory buffer.
 **
 ** When multiple threads all reference the same wal-index, each thread
 ** has its own unixShm object, but they all point to a single instance
@@ -36313,19 +37891,19 @@ static int unixGetpagesize(void){
 **      nRef
 **
 ** The following fields are read-only after the object is created:
-** 
-**      fid
+**
+**      hShm
 **      zFilename
 **
-** Either unixShmNode.mutex must be held or unixShmNode.nRef==0 and
+** Either unixShmNode.pShmMutex must be held or unixShmNode.nRef==0 and
 ** unixMutexHeld() is true when reading or writing any other field
 ** in this structure.
 */
 struct unixShmNode {
   unixInodeInfo *pInode;     /* unixInodeInfo that owns this SHM node */
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;      /* Mutex to access this object */
+  sqlite3_mutex *pShmMutex;  /* Mutex to access this object */
   char *zFilename;           /* Name of the mmapped file */
-  int h;                     /* Open file descriptor */
+  int hShm;                  /* Open file descriptor */
   int szRegion;              /* Size of shared-memory regions */
   u16 nRegion;               /* Size of array apRegion */
   u8 isReadonly;             /* True if read-only */
@@ -36333,6 +37911,7 @@ struct unixShmNode {
   char **apRegion;           /* Array of mapped shared-memory regions */
   int nRef;                  /* Number of unixShm objects pointing to this */
   unixShm *pFirst;           /* All unixShm objects pointing to this */
+  int aLock[SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK];  /* # shared locks on slot, -1==excl lock */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   u8 exclMask;               /* Mask of exclusive locks held */
   u8 sharedMask;             /* Mask of shared locks held */
@@ -36347,16 +37926,16 @@ struct unixShmNode {
 ** The following fields are initialized when this object is created and
 ** are read-only thereafter:
 **
-**    unixShm.pFile
+**    unixShm.pShmNode
 **    unixShm.id
 **
-** All other fields are read/write.  The unixShm.pFile->mutex must be held
-** while accessing any read/write fields.
+** All other fields are read/write.  The unixShm.pShmNode->pShmMutex must
+** be held while accessing any read/write fields.
 */
 struct unixShm {
   unixShmNode *pShmNode;     /* The underlying unixShmNode object */
   unixShm *pNext;            /* Next unixShm with the same unixShmNode */
-  u8 hasMutex;               /* True if holding the unixShmNode mutex */
+  u8 hasMutex;               /* True if holding the unixShmNode->pShmMutex */
   u8 id;                     /* Id of this connection within its unixShmNode */
   u16 sharedMask;            /* Mask of shared locks held */
   u16 exclMask;              /* Mask of exclusive locks held */
@@ -36386,7 +37965,8 @@ static int unixShmSystemLock(
 
   /* Access to the unixShmNode object is serialized by the caller */
   pShmNode = pFile->pInode->pShmNode;
-  assert( pShmNode->nRef==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pShmNode->mutex) );
+  assert( pShmNode->nRef==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pShmNode->pShmMutex) );
+  assert( pShmNode->nRef>0 || unixMutexHeld() );
 
   /* Shared locks never span more than one byte */
   assert( n==1 || lockType!=F_RDLCK );
@@ -36394,14 +37974,21 @@ static int unixShmSystemLock(
   /* Locks are within range */
   assert( n>=1 && n<=SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK );
 
-  if( pShmNode->h>=0 ){
+  if( pShmNode->hShm>=0 ){
+    int res;
     /* Initialize the locking parameters */
     f.l_type = lockType;
     f.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
     f.l_start = ofst;
     f.l_len = n;
-    rc = osSetPosixAdvisoryLock(pShmNode->h, &f, pFile);
-    rc = (rc!=(-1)) ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_BUSY;
+    res = osSetPosixAdvisoryLock(pShmNode->hShm, &f, pFile);
+    if( res==-1 ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+      rc = (pFile->iBusyTimeout ? SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT : SQLITE_BUSY);
+#else
+      rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
+#endif
+    }
   }
 
   /* Update the global lock state and do debug tracing */
@@ -36439,7 +38026,7 @@ static int unixShmSystemLock(
   }
 #endif
 
-  return rc;        
+  return rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -36472,18 +38059,18 @@ static void unixShmPurge(unixFile *pFd){
     int nShmPerMap = unixShmRegionPerMap();
     int i;
     assert( p->pInode==pFd->pInode );
-    sqlite3_mutex_free(p->mutex);
+    sqlite3_mutex_free(p->pShmMutex);
     for(i=0; i<p->nRegion; i+=nShmPerMap){
-      if( p->h>=0 ){
+      if( p->hShm>=0 ){
         osMunmap(p->apRegion[i], p->szRegion);
       }else{
         sqlite3_free(p->apRegion[i]);
       }
     }
     sqlite3_free(p->apRegion);
-    if( p->h>=0 ){
-      robust_close(pFd, p->h, __LINE__);
-      p->h = -1;
+    if( p->hShm>=0 ){
+      robust_close(pFd, p->hShm, __LINE__);
+      p->hShm = -1;
     }
     p->pInode->pShmNode = 0;
     sqlite3_free(p);
@@ -36495,7 +38082,7 @@ static void unixShmPurge(unixFile *pFd){
 ** take it now. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error
 ** code otherwise.
 **
-** If the DMS cannot be locked because this is a readonly_shm=1 
+** If the DMS cannot be locked because this is a readonly_shm=1
 ** connection and no other process already holds a lock, return
 ** SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT and set pShmNode->isUnlocked=1.
 */
@@ -36506,7 +38093,7 @@ static int unixLockSharedMemory(unixFile *pDbFd, unixShmNode *pShmNode){
   /* Use F_GETLK to determine the locks other processes are holding
   ** on the DMS byte. If it indicates that another process is holding
   ** a SHARED lock, then this process may also take a SHARED lock
-  ** and proceed with opening the *-shm file. 
+  ** and proceed with opening the *-shm file.
   **
   ** Or, if no other process is holding any lock, then this process
   ** is the first to open it. In this case take an EXCLUSIVE lock on the
@@ -36525,7 +38112,7 @@ static int unixLockSharedMemory(unixFile *pDbFd, unixShmNode *pShmNode){
   lock.l_start = UNIX_SHM_DMS;
   lock.l_len = 1;
   lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
-  if( osFcntl(pShmNode->h, F_GETLK, &lock)!=0 ) {
+  if( osFcntl(pShmNode->hShm, F_GETLK, &lock)!=0 ) {
     rc = SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK;
   }else if( lock.l_type==F_UNLCK ){
     if( pShmNode->isReadonly ){
@@ -36533,7 +38120,12 @@ static int unixLockSharedMemory(unixFile *pDbFd, unixShmNode *pShmNode){
       rc = SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT;
     }else{
       rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_WRLCK, UNIX_SHM_DMS, 1);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && robust_ftruncate(pShmNode->h, 0) ){
+      /* The first connection to attach must truncate the -shm file.  We
+      ** truncate to 3 bytes (an arbitrary small number, less than the
+      ** -shm header size) rather than 0 as a system debugging aid, to
+      ** help detect if a -shm file truncation is legitimate or is the work
+      ** or a rogue process. */
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && robust_ftruncate(pShmNode->hShm, 3) ){
         rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN,"ftruncate",pShmNode->zFilename);
       }
     }
@@ -36549,20 +38141,20 @@ static int unixLockSharedMemory(unixFile *pDbFd, unixShmNode *pShmNode){
 }
 
 /*
-** Open a shared-memory area associated with open database file pDbFd.  
+** Open a shared-memory area associated with open database file pDbFd.
 ** This particular implementation uses mmapped files.
 **
 ** The file used to implement shared-memory is in the same directory
 ** as the open database file and has the same name as the open database
 ** file with the "-shm" suffix added.  For example, if the database file
 ** is "/home/user1/config.db" then the file that is created and mmapped
-** for shared memory will be called "/home/user1/config.db-shm".  
+** for shared memory will be called "/home/user1/config.db-shm".
 **
 ** Another approach to is to use files in /dev/shm or /dev/tmp or an
 ** some other tmpfs mount. But if a file in a different directory
 ** from the database file is used, then differing access permissions
 ** or a chroot() might cause two different processes on the same
-** database to end up using different files for shared memory - 
+** database to end up using different files for shared memory -
 ** meaning that their memory would not really be shared - resulting
 ** in database corruption.  Nevertheless, this tmpfs file usage
 ** can be enabled at compile-time using -DSQLITE_SHM_DIRECTORY="/dev/shm"
@@ -36632,19 +38224,19 @@ static int unixOpenSharedMemory(unixFile *pDbFd){
     memset(pShmNode, 0, sizeof(*pShmNode)+nShmFilename);
     zShm = pShmNode->zFilename = (char*)&pShmNode[1];
 #ifdef SQLITE_SHM_DIRECTORY
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nShmFilename, zShm, 
+    sqlite3_snprintf(nShmFilename, zShm,
                      SQLITE_SHM_DIRECTORY "/sqlite-shm-%x-%x",
                      (u32)sStat.st_ino, (u32)sStat.st_dev);
 #else
     sqlite3_snprintf(nShmFilename, zShm, "%s-shm", zBasePath);
     sqlite3FileSuffix3(pDbFd->zPath, zShm);
 #endif
-    pShmNode->h = -1;
+    pShmNode->hShm = -1;
     pDbFd->pInode->pShmNode = pShmNode;
     pShmNode->pInode = pDbFd->pInode;
     if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex ){
-      pShmNode->mutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST);
-      if( pShmNode->mutex==0 ){
+      pShmNode->pShmMutex = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST);
+      if( pShmNode->pShmMutex==0 ){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
         goto shm_open_err;
       }
@@ -36652,11 +38244,13 @@ static int unixOpenSharedMemory(unixFile *pDbFd){
 
     if( pInode->bProcessLock==0 ){
       if( 0==sqlite3_uri_boolean(pDbFd->zPath, "readonly_shm", 0) ){
-        pShmNode->h = robust_open(zShm, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, (sStat.st_mode&0777));
+        pShmNode->hShm = robust_open(zShm, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_NOFOLLOW,
+                                     (sStat.st_mode&0777));
       }
-      if( pShmNode->h<0 ){
-        pShmNode->h = robust_open(zShm, O_RDONLY, (sStat.st_mode&0777));
-        if( pShmNode->h<0 ){
+      if( pShmNode->hShm<0 ){
+        pShmNode->hShm = robust_open(zShm, O_RDONLY|O_NOFOLLOW,
+                                     (sStat.st_mode&0777));
+        if( pShmNode->hShm<0 ){
           rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT, "open", zShm);
           goto shm_open_err;
         }
@@ -36667,7 +38261,7 @@ static int unixOpenSharedMemory(unixFile *pDbFd){
       ** is owned by the same user that owns the original database.  Otherwise,
       ** the original owner will not be able to connect.
       */
-      robustFchown(pShmNode->h, sStat.st_uid, sStat.st_gid);
+      robustFchown(pShmNode->hShm, sStat.st_uid, sStat.st_gid);
 
       rc = unixLockSharedMemory(pDbFd, pShmNode);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT ) goto shm_open_err;
@@ -36687,13 +38281,13 @@ static int unixOpenSharedMemory(unixFile *pDbFd){
   ** the cover of the unixEnterMutex() mutex and the pointer from the
   ** new (struct unixShm) object to the pShmNode has been set. All that is
   ** left to do is to link the new object into the linked list starting
-  ** at pShmNode->pFirst. This must be done while holding the pShmNode->mutex 
-  ** mutex.
+  ** at pShmNode->pFirst. This must be done while holding the
+  ** pShmNode->pShmMutex.
   */
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->mutex);
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->pShmMutex);
   p->pNext = pShmNode->pFirst;
   pShmNode->pFirst = p;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->mutex);
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->pShmMutex);
   return rc;
 
   /* Jump here on any error */
@@ -36705,22 +38299,22 @@ shm_open_err:
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is called to obtain a pointer to region iRegion of the 
-** shared-memory associated with the database file fd. Shared-memory regions 
-** are numbered starting from zero. Each shared-memory region is szRegion 
+** This function is called to obtain a pointer to region iRegion of the
+** shared-memory associated with the database file fd. Shared-memory regions
+** are numbered starting from zero. Each shared-memory region is szRegion
 ** bytes in size.
 **
 ** If an error occurs, an error code is returned and *pp is set to NULL.
 **
 ** Otherwise, if the bExtend parameter is 0 and the requested shared-memory
 ** region has not been allocated (by any client, including one running in a
-** separate process), then *pp is set to NULL and SQLITE_OK returned. If 
-** bExtend is non-zero and the requested shared-memory region has not yet 
+** separate process), then *pp is set to NULL and SQLITE_OK returned. If
+** bExtend is non-zero and the requested shared-memory region has not yet
 ** been allocated, it is allocated by this function.
 **
 ** If the shared-memory region has already been allocated or is allocated by
-** this call as described above, then it is mapped into this processes 
-** address space (if it is not already), *pp is set to point to the mapped 
+** this call as described above, then it is mapped into this processes
+** address space (if it is not already), *pp is set to point to the mapped
 ** memory and SQLITE_OK returned.
 */
 static int unixShmMap(
@@ -36745,7 +38339,7 @@ static int unixShmMap(
 
   p = pDbFd->pShm;
   pShmNode = p->pShmNode;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->mutex);
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->pShmMutex);
   if( pShmNode->isUnlocked ){
     rc = unixLockSharedMemory(pDbFd, pShmNode);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto shmpage_out;
@@ -36753,8 +38347,8 @@ static int unixShmMap(
   }
   assert( szRegion==pShmNode->szRegion || pShmNode->nRegion==0 );
   assert( pShmNode->pInode==pDbFd->pInode );
-  assert( pShmNode->h>=0 || pDbFd->pInode->bProcessLock==1 );
-  assert( pShmNode->h<0 || pDbFd->pInode->bProcessLock==0 );
+  assert( pShmNode->hShm>=0 || pDbFd->pInode->bProcessLock==1 );
+  assert( pShmNode->hShm<0 || pDbFd->pInode->bProcessLock==0 );
 
   /* Minimum number of regions required to be mapped. */
   nReqRegion = ((iRegion+nShmPerMap) / nShmPerMap) * nShmPerMap;
@@ -36766,16 +38360,16 @@ static int unixShmMap(
 
     pShmNode->szRegion = szRegion;
 
-    if( pShmNode->h>=0 ){
+    if( pShmNode->hShm>=0 ){
       /* The requested region is not mapped into this processes address space.
       ** Check to see if it has been allocated (i.e. if the wal-index file is
       ** large enough to contain the requested region).
       */
-      if( osFstat(pShmNode->h, &sStat) ){
+      if( osFstat(pShmNode->hShm, &sStat) ){
         rc = SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE;
         goto shmpage_out;
       }
-  
+
       if( sStat.st_size<nByte ){
         /* The requested memory region does not exist. If bExtend is set to
         ** false, exit early. *pp will be set to NULL and SQLITE_OK returned.
@@ -36799,7 +38393,7 @@ static int unixShmMap(
           assert( (nByte % pgsz)==0 );
           for(iPg=(sStat.st_size/pgsz); iPg<(nByte/pgsz); iPg++){
             int x = 0;
-            if( seekAndWriteFd(pShmNode->h, iPg*pgsz + pgsz-1, "", 1, &x)!=1 ){
+            if( seekAndWriteFd(pShmNode->hShm, iPg*pgsz + pgsz-1,"",1,&x)!=1 ){
               const char *zFile = pShmNode->zFilename;
               rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE, "write", zFile);
               goto shmpage_out;
@@ -36822,22 +38416,22 @@ static int unixShmMap(
       int nMap = szRegion*nShmPerMap;
       int i;
       void *pMem;
-      if( pShmNode->h>=0 ){
+      if( pShmNode->hShm>=0 ){
         pMem = osMmap(0, nMap,
-            pShmNode->isReadonly ? PROT_READ : PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, 
-            MAP_SHARED, pShmNode->h, szRegion*(i64)pShmNode->nRegion
+            pShmNode->isReadonly ? PROT_READ : PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
+            MAP_SHARED, pShmNode->hShm, szRegion*(i64)pShmNode->nRegion
         );
         if( pMem==MAP_FAILED ){
           rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP, "mmap", pShmNode->zFilename);
           goto shmpage_out;
         }
       }else{
-        pMem = sqlite3_malloc64(szRegion);
+        pMem = sqlite3_malloc64(nMap);
         if( pMem==0 ){
           rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
           goto shmpage_out;
         }
-        memset(pMem, 0, szRegion);
+        memset(pMem, 0, nMap);
       }
 
       for(i=0; i<nShmPerMap; i++){
@@ -36854,10 +38448,42 @@ shmpage_out:
     *pp = 0;
   }
   if( pShmNode->isReadonly && rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->mutex);
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->pShmMutex);
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** Check that the pShmNode->aLock[] array comports with the locking bitmasks
+** held by each client. Return true if it does, or false otherwise. This
+** is to be used in an assert(). e.g.
+**
+**     assert( assertLockingArrayOk(pShmNode) );
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+static int assertLockingArrayOk(unixShmNode *pShmNode){
+  unixShm *pX;
+  int aLock[SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK];
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pShmNode->pShmMutex) );
+
+  memset(aLock, 0, sizeof(aLock));
+  for(pX=pShmNode->pFirst; pX; pX=pX->pNext){
+    int i;
+    for(i=0; i<SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK; i++){
+      if( pX->exclMask & (1<<i) ){
+        assert( aLock[i]==0 );
+        aLock[i] = -1;
+      }else if( pX->sharedMask & (1<<i) ){
+        assert( aLock[i]>=0 );
+        aLock[i]++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  assert( 0==memcmp(pShmNode->aLock, aLock, sizeof(aLock)) );
+  return (memcmp(pShmNode->aLock, aLock, sizeof(aLock))==0);
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Change the lock state for a shared-memory segment.
 **
@@ -36874,10 +38500,10 @@ static int unixShmLock(
 ){
   unixFile *pDbFd = (unixFile*)fd;      /* Connection holding shared memory */
   unixShm *p = pDbFd->pShm;             /* The shared memory being locked */
-  unixShm *pX;                          /* For looping over all siblings */
   unixShmNode *pShmNode = p->pShmNode;  /* The underlying file iNode */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;                   /* Result code */
   u16 mask;                             /* Mask of locks to take or release */
+  int *aLock = pShmNode->aLock;
 
   assert( pShmNode==pDbFd->pInode->pShmNode );
   assert( pShmNode->pInode==pDbFd->pInode );
@@ -36888,92 +38514,112 @@ static int unixShmLock(
        || flags==(SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED)
        || flags==(SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE) );
   assert( n==1 || (flags & SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE)!=0 );
-  assert( pShmNode->h>=0 || pDbFd->pInode->bProcessLock==1 );
-  assert( pShmNode->h<0 || pDbFd->pInode->bProcessLock==0 );
+  assert( pShmNode->hShm>=0 || pDbFd->pInode->bProcessLock==1 );
+  assert( pShmNode->hShm<0 || pDbFd->pInode->bProcessLock==0 );
+
+  /* Check that, if this to be a blocking lock, no locks that occur later
+  ** in the following list than the lock being obtained are already held:
+  **
+  **   1. Checkpointer lock (ofst==1).
+  **   2. Write lock (ofst==0).
+  **   3. Read locks (ofst>=3 && ofst<SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK).
+  **
+  ** In other words, if this is a blocking lock, none of the locks that
+  ** occur later in the above list than the lock being obtained may be
+  ** held.
+  **
+  ** It is not permitted to block on the RECOVER lock.
+  */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+  assert( (flags & SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK) || pDbFd->iBusyTimeout==0 || (
+         (ofst!=2)                                   /* not RECOVER */
+      && (ofst!=1 || (p->exclMask|p->sharedMask)==0)
+      && (ofst!=0 || (p->exclMask|p->sharedMask)<3)
+      && (ofst<3  || (p->exclMask|p->sharedMask)<(1<<ofst))
+  ));
+#endif
 
   mask = (1<<(ofst+n)) - (1<<ofst);
   assert( n>1 || mask==(1<<ofst) );
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->mutex);
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->pShmMutex);
+  assert( assertLockingArrayOk(pShmNode) );
   if( flags & SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK ){
-    u16 allMask = 0; /* Mask of locks held by siblings */
-
-    /* See if any siblings hold this same lock */
-    for(pX=pShmNode->pFirst; pX; pX=pX->pNext){
-      if( pX==p ) continue;
-      assert( (pX->exclMask & (p->exclMask|p->sharedMask))==0 );
-      allMask |= pX->sharedMask;
-    }
+    if( (p->exclMask|p->sharedMask) & mask ){
+      int ii;
+      int bUnlock = 1;
 
-    /* Unlock the system-level locks */
-    if( (mask & allMask)==0 ){
-      rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_UNLCK, ofst+UNIX_SHM_BASE, n);
-    }else{
-      rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    }
+      for(ii=ofst; ii<ofst+n; ii++){
+        if( aLock[ii]>((p->sharedMask & (1<<ii)) ? 1 : 0) ){
+          bUnlock = 0;
+        }
+      }
 
-    /* Undo the local locks */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      p->exclMask &= ~mask;
-      p->sharedMask &= ~mask;
-    } 
-  }else if( flags & SQLITE_SHM_SHARED ){
-    u16 allShared = 0;  /* Union of locks held by connections other than "p" */
+      if( bUnlock ){
+        rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_UNLCK, ofst+UNIX_SHM_BASE, n);
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          memset(&aLock[ofst], 0, sizeof(int)*n);
+        }
+      }else if( ALWAYS(p->sharedMask & (1<<ofst)) ){
+        assert( n==1 && aLock[ofst]>1 );
+        aLock[ofst]--;
+      }
 
-    /* Find out which shared locks are already held by sibling connections.
-    ** If any sibling already holds an exclusive lock, go ahead and return
-    ** SQLITE_BUSY.
-    */
-    for(pX=pShmNode->pFirst; pX; pX=pX->pNext){
-      if( (pX->exclMask & mask)!=0 ){
-        rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-        break;
+      /* Undo the local locks */
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        p->exclMask &= ~mask;
+        p->sharedMask &= ~mask;
       }
-      allShared |= pX->sharedMask;
     }
-
-    /* Get shared locks at the system level, if necessary */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      if( (allShared & mask)==0 ){
+  }else if( flags & SQLITE_SHM_SHARED ){
+    assert( n==1 );
+    assert( (p->exclMask & (1<<ofst))==0 );
+    if( (p->sharedMask & mask)==0 ){
+      if( aLock[ofst]<0 ){
+        rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
+      }else if( aLock[ofst]==0 ){
         rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_RDLCK, ofst+UNIX_SHM_BASE, n);
-      }else{
-        rc = SQLITE_OK;
       }
-    }
 
-    /* Get the local shared locks */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      p->sharedMask |= mask;
+      /* Get the local shared locks */
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        p->sharedMask |= mask;
+        aLock[ofst]++;
+      }
     }
   }else{
     /* Make sure no sibling connections hold locks that will block this
-    ** lock.  If any do, return SQLITE_BUSY right away.
-    */
-    for(pX=pShmNode->pFirst; pX; pX=pX->pNext){
-      if( (pX->exclMask & mask)!=0 || (pX->sharedMask & mask)!=0 ){
+    ** lock.  If any do, return SQLITE_BUSY right away.  */
+    int ii;
+    for(ii=ofst; ii<ofst+n; ii++){
+      assert( (p->sharedMask & mask)==0 );
+      if( ALWAYS((p->exclMask & (1<<ii))==0) && aLock[ii] ){
         rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
         break;
       }
     }
-  
-    /* Get the exclusive locks at the system level.  Then if successful
-    ** also mark the local connection as being locked.
-    */
+
+    /* Get the exclusive locks at the system level. Then if successful
+    ** also update the in-memory values. */
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_WRLCK, ofst+UNIX_SHM_BASE, n);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         assert( (p->sharedMask & mask)==0 );
         p->exclMask |= mask;
+        for(ii=ofst; ii<ofst+n; ii++){
+          aLock[ii] = -1;
+        }
       }
     }
   }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->mutex);
+  assert( assertLockingArrayOk(pShmNode) );
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->pShmMutex);
   OSTRACE(("SHM-LOCK shmid-%d, pid-%d got %03x,%03x\n",
            p->id, osGetpid(0), p->sharedMask, p->exclMask));
   return rc;
 }
 
 /*
-** Implement a memory barrier or memory fence on shared memory.  
+** Implement a memory barrier or memory fence on shared memory.
 **
 ** All loads and stores begun before the barrier must complete before
 ** any load or store begun after the barrier.
@@ -36983,15 +38629,15 @@ static void unixShmBarrier(
 ){
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(fd);
   sqlite3MemoryBarrier();         /* compiler-defined memory barrier */
-  assert( fd->pMethods->xLock==nolockLock 
-       || unixFileMutexNotheld((unixFile*)fd) 
+  assert( fd->pMethods->xLock==nolockLock
+       || unixFileMutexNotheld((unixFile*)fd)
   );
   unixEnterMutex();               /* Also mutex, for redundancy */
   unixLeaveMutex();
 }
 
 /*
-** Close a connection to shared-memory.  Delete the underlying 
+** Close a connection to shared-memory.  Delete the underlying
 ** storage if deleteFlag is true.
 **
 ** If there is no shared memory associated with the connection then this
@@ -37016,14 +38662,14 @@ static int unixShmUnmap(
 
   /* Remove connection p from the set of connections associated
   ** with pShmNode */
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->mutex);
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->pShmMutex);
   for(pp=&pShmNode->pFirst; (*pp)!=p; pp = &(*pp)->pNext){}
   *pp = p->pNext;
 
   /* Free the connection p */
   sqlite3_free(p);
   pDbFd->pShm = 0;
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->mutex);
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->pShmMutex);
 
   /* If pShmNode->nRef has reached 0, then close the underlying
   ** shared-memory file, too */
@@ -37032,7 +38678,7 @@ static int unixShmUnmap(
   assert( pShmNode->nRef>0 );
   pShmNode->nRef--;
   if( pShmNode->nRef==0 ){
-    if( deleteFlag && pShmNode->h>=0 ){
+    if( deleteFlag && pShmNode->hShm>=0 ){
       osUnlink(pShmNode->zFilename);
     }
     unixShmPurge(pDbFd);
@@ -37065,7 +38711,7 @@ static void unixUnmapfile(unixFile *pFd){
 }
 
 /*
-** Attempt to set the size of the memory mapping maintained by file 
+** Attempt to set the size of the memory mapping maintained by file
 ** descriptor pFd to nNew bytes. Any existing mapping is discarded.
 **
 ** If successful, this function sets the following variables:
@@ -37157,14 +38803,14 @@ static void unixRemapfile(
 
 /*
 ** Memory map or remap the file opened by file-descriptor pFd (if the file
-** is already mapped, the existing mapping is replaced by the new). Or, if 
-** there already exists a mapping for this file, and there are still 
+** is already mapped, the existing mapping is replaced by the new). Or, if
+** there already exists a mapping for this file, and there are still
 ** outstanding xFetch() references to it, this function is a no-op.
 **
-** If parameter nByte is non-negative, then it is the requested size of 
-** the mapping to create. Otherwise, if nByte is less than zero, then the 
+** If parameter nByte is non-negative, then it is the requested size of
+** the mapping to create. Otherwise, if nByte is less than zero, then the
 ** requested size is the size of the file on disk. The actual size of the
-** created mapping is either the requested size or the value configured 
+** created mapping is either the requested size or the value configured
 ** using SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_LIMIT, whichever is smaller.
 **
 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if no error occurs (even if the mapping is not
@@ -37205,7 +38851,7 @@ static int unixMapfile(unixFile *pFd, i64 nMap){
 ** Finally, if an error does occur, return an SQLite error code. The final
 ** value of *pp is undefined in this case.
 **
-** If this function does return a pointer, the caller must eventually 
+** If this function does return a pointer, the caller must eventually
 ** release the reference by calling unixUnfetch().
 */
 static int unixFetch(sqlite3_file *fd, i64 iOff, int nAmt, void **pp){
@@ -37230,13 +38876,13 @@ static int unixFetch(sqlite3_file *fd, i64 iOff, int nAmt, void **pp){
 }
 
 /*
-** If the third argument is non-NULL, then this function releases a 
+** If the third argument is non-NULL, then this function releases a
 ** reference obtained by an earlier call to unixFetch(). The second
 ** argument passed to this function must be the same as the corresponding
-** argument that was passed to the unixFetch() invocation. 
+** argument that was passed to the unixFetch() invocation.
 **
-** Or, if the third argument is NULL, then this function is being called 
-** to inform the VFS layer that, according to POSIX, any existing mapping 
+** Or, if the third argument is NULL, then this function is being called
+** to inform the VFS layer that, according to POSIX, any existing mapping
 ** may now be invalid and should be unmapped.
 */
 static int unixUnfetch(sqlite3_file *fd, i64 iOff, void *p){
@@ -37244,7 +38890,7 @@ static int unixUnfetch(sqlite3_file *fd, i64 iOff, void *p){
   unixFile *pFd = (unixFile *)fd;   /* The underlying database file */
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(iOff);
 
-  /* If p==0 (unmap the entire file) then there must be no outstanding 
+  /* If p==0 (unmap the entire file) then there must be no outstanding
   ** xFetch references. Or, if p!=0 (meaning it is an xFetch reference),
   ** then there must be at least one outstanding.  */
   assert( (p==0)==(pFd->nFetchOut==0) );
@@ -37452,8 +39098,8 @@ IOMETHODS(
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-/* 
-** This "finder" function attempts to determine the best locking strategy 
+/*
+** This "finder" function attempts to determine the best locking strategy
 ** for the database file "filePath".  It then returns the sqlite3_io_methods
 ** object that implements that strategy.
 **
@@ -37495,8 +39141,8 @@ static const sqlite3_io_methods *autolockIoFinderImpl(
   }
 
   /* Default case. Handles, amongst others, "nfs".
-  ** Test byte-range lock using fcntl(). If the call succeeds, 
-  ** assume that the file-system supports POSIX style locks. 
+  ** Test byte-range lock using fcntl(). If the call succeeds,
+  ** assume that the file-system supports POSIX style locks.
   */
   lockInfo.l_len = 1;
   lockInfo.l_start = 0;
@@ -37512,7 +39158,7 @@ static const sqlite3_io_methods *autolockIoFinderImpl(
     return &dotlockIoMethods;
   }
 }
-static const sqlite3_io_methods 
+static const sqlite3_io_methods
   *(*const autolockIoFinder)(const char*,unixFile*) = autolockIoFinderImpl;
 
 #endif /* defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
@@ -37548,7 +39194,7 @@ static const sqlite3_io_methods *vxworksIoFinderImpl(
     return &semIoMethods;
   }
 }
-static const sqlite3_io_methods 
+static const sqlite3_io_methods
   *(*const vxworksIoFinder)(const char*,unixFile*) = vxworksIoFinderImpl;
 
 #endif /* OS_VXWORKS */
@@ -37676,14 +39322,14 @@ static int fillInUnixFile(
         robust_close(pNew, h, __LINE__);
         h = -1;
       }
-      unixLeaveMutex();        
+      unixLeaveMutex();
     }
   }
 #endif
 
   else if( pLockingStyle == &dotlockIoMethods ){
     /* Dotfile locking uses the file path so it needs to be included in
-    ** the dotlockLockingContext 
+    ** the dotlockLockingContext
     */
     char *zLockFile;
     int nFilename;
@@ -37721,7 +39367,7 @@ static int fillInUnixFile(
     unixLeaveMutex();
   }
 #endif
-  
+
   storeLastErrno(pNew, 0);
 #if OS_VXWORKS
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -37734,7 +39380,7 @@ static int fillInUnixFile(
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
     if( h>=0 ) robust_close(pNew, h, __LINE__);
   }else{
-    pNew->pMethod = pLockingStyle;
+    pId->pMethods = pLockingStyle;
     OpenCounter(+1);
     verifyDbFile(pNew);
   }
@@ -37785,7 +39431,7 @@ static int unixGetTempname(int nBuf, char *zBuf){
 
   /* It's odd to simulate an io-error here, but really this is just
   ** using the io-error infrastructure to test that SQLite handles this
-  ** function failing. 
+  ** function failing.
   */
   zBuf[0] = 0;
   SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR );
@@ -37814,8 +39460,8 @@ static int proxyTransformUnixFile(unixFile*, const char*);
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Search for an unused file descriptor that was opened on the database 
-** file (not a journal or master-journal file) identified by pathname
+** Search for an unused file descriptor that was opened on the database
+** file (not a journal or super-journal file) identified by pathname
 ** zPath with SQLITE_OPEN_XXX flags matching those passed as the second
 ** argument to this function.
 **
@@ -37823,7 +39469,7 @@ static int proxyTransformUnixFile(unixFile*, const char*);
 ** but the associated file descriptor could not be closed because some
 ** other file descriptor open on the same file is holding a file-lock.
 ** Refer to comments in the unixClose() function and the lengthy comment
-** describing "Posix Advisory Locking" at the start of this file for 
+** describing "Posix Advisory Locking" at the start of this file for
 ** further details. Also, ticket #4018.
 **
 ** If a suitable file descriptor is found, then it is returned. If no
@@ -37834,8 +39480,8 @@ static UnixUnusedFd *findReusableFd(const char *zPath, int flags){
 
   /* Do not search for an unused file descriptor on vxworks. Not because
   ** vxworks would not benefit from the change (it might, we're not sure),
-  ** but because no way to test it is currently available. It is better 
-  ** not to risk breaking vxworks support for the sake of such an obscure 
+  ** but because no way to test it is currently available. It is better
+  ** not to risk breaking vxworks support for the sake of such an obscure
   ** feature.  */
 #if !OS_VXWORKS
   struct stat sStat;                   /* Results of stat() call */
@@ -37862,6 +39508,7 @@ static UnixUnusedFd *findReusableFd(const char *zPath, int flags){
       UnixUnusedFd **pp;
       assert( sqlite3_mutex_notheld(pInode->pLockMutex) );
       sqlite3_mutex_enter(pInode->pLockMutex);
+      flags &= (SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY|SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE);
       for(pp=&pInode->pUnused; *pp && (*pp)->flags!=flags; pp=&((*pp)->pNext));
       pUnused = *pp;
       if( pUnused ){
@@ -37876,7 +39523,7 @@ static UnixUnusedFd *findReusableFd(const char *zPath, int flags){
 }
 
 /*
-** Find the mode, uid and gid of file zFile. 
+** Find the mode, uid and gid of file zFile.
 */
 static int getFileMode(
   const char *zFile,              /* File name */
@@ -37900,22 +39547,22 @@ static int getFileMode(
 ** This function is called by unixOpen() to determine the unix permissions
 ** to create new files with. If no error occurs, then SQLITE_OK is returned
 ** and a value suitable for passing as the third argument to open(2) is
-** written to *pMode. If an IO error occurs, an SQLite error code is 
+** written to *pMode. If an IO error occurs, an SQLite error code is
 ** returned and the value of *pMode is not modified.
 **
 ** In most cases, this routine sets *pMode to 0, which will become
 ** an indication to robust_open() to create the file using
 ** SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS adjusted by the umask.
-** But if the file being opened is a WAL or regular journal file, then 
-** this function queries the file-system for the permissions on the 
-** corresponding database file and sets *pMode to this value. Whenever 
-** possible, WAL and journal files are created using the same permissions 
+** But if the file being opened is a WAL or regular journal file, then
+** this function queries the file-system for the permissions on the
+** corresponding database file and sets *pMode to this value. Whenever
+** possible, WAL and journal files are created using the same permissions
 ** as the associated database file.
 **
 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES option is enabled, then the
 ** original filename is unavailable.  But 8_3_NAMES is only used for
 ** FAT filesystems and permissions do not matter there, so just use
-** the default permissions.
+** the default permissions.  In 8_3_NAMES mode, leave *pMode set to zero.
 */
 static int findCreateFileMode(
   const char *zPath,              /* Path of file (possibly) being created */
@@ -37941,14 +39588,14 @@ static int findCreateFileMode(
     **   "<path to db>-journalNN"
     **   "<path to db>-walNN"
     **
-    ** where NN is a decimal number. The NN naming schemes are 
+    ** where NN is a decimal number. The NN naming schemes are
     ** used by the test_multiplex.c module.
     */
-    nDb = sqlite3Strlen30(zPath) - 1; 
+    nDb = sqlite3Strlen30(zPath) - 1;
     while( zPath[nDb]!='-' ){
       /* In normal operation, the journal file name will always contain
       ** a '-' character.  However in 8+3 filename mode, or if a corrupt
-      ** rollback journal specifies a master journal with a goofy name, then
+      ** rollback journal specifies a super-journal with a goofy name, then
       ** the '-' might be missing. */
       if( nDb==0 || zPath[nDb]=='.' ) return SQLITE_OK;
       nDb--;
@@ -37974,7 +39621,7 @@ static int findCreateFileMode(
 
 /*
 ** Open the file zPath.
-** 
+**
 ** Previously, the SQLite OS layer used three functions in place of this
 ** one:
 **
@@ -37985,13 +39632,13 @@ static int findCreateFileMode(
 ** These calls correspond to the following combinations of flags:
 **
 **     ReadWrite() ->     (READWRITE | CREATE)
-**     ReadOnly()  ->     (READONLY) 
+**     ReadOnly()  ->     (READONLY)
 **     OpenExclusive() -> (READWRITE | CREATE | EXCLUSIVE)
 **
 ** The old OpenExclusive() accepted a boolean argument - "delFlag". If
 ** true, the file was configured to be automatically deleted when the
-** file handle closed. To achieve the same effect using this new 
-** interface, add the DELETEONCLOSE flag to those specified above for 
+** file handle closed. To achieve the same effect using this new
+** interface, add the DELETEONCLOSE flag to those specified above for
 ** OpenExclusive().
 */
 static int unixOpen(
@@ -38004,7 +39651,7 @@ static int unixOpen(
   unixFile *p = (unixFile *)pFile;
   int fd = -1;                   /* File descriptor returned by open() */
   int openFlags = 0;             /* Flags to pass to open() */
-  int eType = flags&0xFFFFFF00;  /* Type of file to open */
+  int eType = flags&0x0FFF00;  /* Type of file to open */
   int noLock;                    /* True to omit locking primitives */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;            /* Function Return Code */
   int ctrlFlags = 0;             /* UNIXFILE_* flags */
@@ -38021,13 +39668,13 @@ static int unixOpen(
   struct statfs fsInfo;
 #endif
 
-  /* If creating a master or main-file journal, this function will open
+  /* If creating a super- or main-file journal, this function will open
   ** a file-descriptor on the directory too. The first time unixSync()
   ** is called the directory file descriptor will be fsync()ed and close()d.
   */
   int isNewJrnl = (isCreate && (
-        eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL 
-     || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL 
+        eType==SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL
+     || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL
      || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_WAL
   ));
 
@@ -38037,9 +39684,9 @@ static int unixOpen(
   char zTmpname[MAX_PATHNAME+2];
   const char *zName = zPath;
 
-  /* Check the following statements are true: 
+  /* Check the following statements are true:
   **
-  **   (a) Exactly one of the READWRITE and READONLY flags must be set, and 
+  **   (a) Exactly one of the READWRITE and READONLY flags must be set, and
   **   (b) if CREATE is set, then READWRITE must also be set, and
   **   (c) if EXCLUSIVE is set, then CREATE must also be set.
   **   (d) if DELETEONCLOSE is set, then CREATE must also be set.
@@ -38049,17 +39696,17 @@ static int unixOpen(
   assert(isExclusive==0 || isCreate);
   assert(isDelete==0 || isCreate);
 
-  /* The main DB, main journal, WAL file and master journal are never 
+  /* The main DB, main journal, WAL file and super-journal are never
   ** automatically deleted. Nor are they ever temporary files.  */
   assert( (!isDelete && zName) || eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB );
   assert( (!isDelete && zName) || eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL );
-  assert( (!isDelete && zName) || eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL );
+  assert( (!isDelete && zName) || eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL );
   assert( (!isDelete && zName) || eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_WAL );
 
   /* Assert that the upper layer has set one of the "file-type" flags. */
-  assert( eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB      || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB 
-       || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL 
-       || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL   || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL 
+  assert( eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB      || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB
+       || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL
+       || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL   || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL
        || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_WAL
   );
 
@@ -38108,13 +39755,13 @@ static int unixOpen(
 
   /* Determine the value of the flags parameter passed to POSIX function
   ** open(). These must be calculated even if open() is not called, as
-  ** they may be stored as part of the file handle and used by the 
+  ** they may be stored as part of the file handle and used by the
   ** 'conch file' locking functions later on.  */
   if( isReadonly )  openFlags |= O_RDONLY;
   if( isReadWrite ) openFlags |= O_RDWR;
   if( isCreate )    openFlags |= O_CREAT;
   if( isExclusive ) openFlags |= (O_EXCL|O_NOFOLLOW);
-  openFlags |= (O_LARGEFILE|O_BINARY);
+  openFlags |= (O_LARGEFILE|O_BINARY|O_NOFOLLOW);
 
   if( fd<0 ){
     mode_t openMode;              /* Permissions to create file with */
@@ -38150,11 +39797,19 @@ static int unixOpen(
       goto open_finished;
     }
 
-    /* If this process is running as root and if creating a new rollback
-    ** journal or WAL file, set the ownership of the journal or WAL to be
-    ** the same as the original database.
+    /* The owner of the rollback journal or WAL file should always be the
+    ** same as the owner of the database file.  Try to ensure that this is
+    ** the case.  The chown() system call will be a no-op if the current
+    ** process lacks root privileges, be we should at least try.  Without
+    ** this step, if a root process opens a database file, it can leave
+    ** behinds a journal/WAL that is owned by root and hence make the
+    ** database inaccessible to unprivileged processes.
+    **
+    ** If openMode==0, then that means uid and gid are not set correctly
+    ** (probably because SQLite is configured to use 8+3 filename mode) and
+    ** in that case we do not want to attempt the chown().
     */
-    if( flags & (SQLITE_OPEN_WAL|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL) ){
+    if( openMode && (flags & (SQLITE_OPEN_WAL|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL))!=0 ){
       robustFchown(fd, uid, gid);
     }
   }
@@ -38165,7 +39820,8 @@ static int unixOpen(
 
   if( p->pPreallocatedUnused ){
     p->pPreallocatedUnused->fd = fd;
-    p->pPreallocatedUnused->flags = flags;
+    p->pPreallocatedUnused->flags =
+                          flags & (SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY|SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE);
   }
 
   if( isDelete ){
@@ -38186,7 +39842,7 @@ static int unixOpen(
     p->openFlags = openFlags;
   }
 #endif
-  
+
 #if defined(__APPLE__) || SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
   if( fstatfs(fd, &fsInfo) == -1 ){
     storeLastErrno(p, errno);
@@ -38217,7 +39873,7 @@ static int unixOpen(
     char *envforce = getenv("SQLITE_FORCE_PROXY_LOCKING");
     int useProxy = 0;
 
-    /* SQLITE_FORCE_PROXY_LOCKING==1 means force always use proxy, 0 means 
+    /* SQLITE_FORCE_PROXY_LOCKING==1 means force always use proxy, 0 means
     ** never use proxy, NULL means use proxy for non-local files only.  */
     if( envforce!=NULL ){
       useProxy = atoi(envforce)>0;
@@ -38229,9 +39885,9 @@ static int unixOpen(
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         rc = proxyTransformUnixFile((unixFile*)pFile, ":auto:");
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          /* Use unixClose to clean up the resources added in fillInUnixFile 
-          ** and clear all the structure's references.  Specifically, 
-          ** pFile->pMethods will be NULL so sqlite3OsClose will be a no-op 
+          /* Use unixClose to clean up the resources added in fillInUnixFile
+          ** and clear all the structure's references.  Specifically,
+          ** pFile->pMethods will be NULL so sqlite3OsClose will be a no-op
           */
           unixClose(pFile);
           return rc;
@@ -38241,9 +39897,9 @@ static int unixOpen(
     }
   }
 #endif
-  
-  assert( zPath==0 || zPath[0]=='/' 
-      || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL 
+
+  assert( zPath==0 || zPath[0]=='/'
+      || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL
   );
   rc = fillInUnixFile(pVfs, fd, pFile, zPath, ctrlFlags);
 
@@ -38323,7 +39979,8 @@ static int unixAccess(
 
   if( flags==SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS ){
     struct stat buf;
-    *pResOut = (0==osStat(zPath, &buf) && buf.st_size>0);
+    *pResOut = 0==osStat(zPath, &buf) &&
+                (!S_ISREG(buf.st_mode) || buf.st_size>0);
   }else{
     *pResOut = osAccess(zPath, W_OK|R_OK)==0;
   }
@@ -38331,7 +39988,26 @@ static int unixAccess(
 }
 
 /*
+** If the last component of the pathname in z[0]..z[j-1] is something
+** other than ".." then back it out and return true.  If the last
+** component is empty or if it is ".." then return false.
+*/
+static int unixBackupDir(const char *z, int *pJ){
+  int j = *pJ;
+  int i;
+  if( j<=0 ) return 0;
+  for(i=j-1; ALWAYS(i>0) && z[i-1]!='/'; i--){}
+  if( z[i]=='.' && i==j-2 && z[i+1]=='.' ) return 0;
+  *pJ = i-1;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+** Convert a relative pathname into a full pathname.  Also
+** simplify the pathname as follows:
 **
+**    Remove all instances of /./
+**    Remove all isntances of /X/../ for any X
 */
 static int mkFullPathname(
   const char *zPath,              /* Input path */
@@ -38340,6 +40016,7 @@ static int mkFullPathname(
 ){
   int nPath = sqlite3Strlen30(zPath);
   int iOff = 0;
+  int i, j;
   if( zPath[0]!='/' ){
     if( osGetcwd(zOut, nOut-2)==0 ){
       return unixLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT, "getcwd", zPath);
@@ -38354,15 +40031,50 @@ static int mkFullPathname(
     return SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
   }
   sqlite3_snprintf(nOut-iOff, &zOut[iOff], "%s", zPath);
+
+  /* Remove duplicate '/' characters.  Except, two // at the beginning
+  ** of a pathname is allowed since this is important on windows. */
+  for(i=j=1; zOut[i]; i++){
+    zOut[j++] = zOut[i];
+    while( zOut[i]=='/' && zOut[i+1]=='/' ) i++;
+  }
+  zOut[j] = 0;
+
+  assert( zOut[0]=='/' );
+  for(i=j=0; zOut[i]; i++){
+    if( zOut[i]=='/' ){
+      /* Skip over internal "/." directory components */
+      if( zOut[i+1]=='.' && zOut[i+2]=='/' ){
+        i += 1;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      /* If this is a "/.." directory component then back out the
+      ** previous term of the directory if it is something other than "..".
+      */
+      if( zOut[i+1]=='.'
+       && zOut[i+2]=='.'
+       && zOut[i+3]=='/'
+       && unixBackupDir(zOut, &j)
+      ){
+        i += 2;
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    if( ALWAYS(j>=0) ) zOut[j] = zOut[i];
+    j++;
+  }
+  if( NEVER(j==0) ) zOut[j++] = '/';
+  zOut[j] = 0;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Turn a relative pathname into a full pathname. The relative path
 ** is stored as a nul-terminated string in the buffer pointed to by
-** zPath. 
+** zPath.
 **
-** zOut points to a buffer of at least sqlite3_vfs.mxPathname bytes 
+** zOut points to a buffer of at least sqlite3_vfs.mxPathname bytes
 ** (in this case, MAX_PATHNAME bytes). The full-path is written to
 ** this buffer before returning.
 */
@@ -38377,7 +40089,7 @@ static int unixFullPathname(
 #else
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int nByte;
-  int nLink = 1;                /* Number of symbolic links followed so far */
+  int nLink = 0;                /* Number of symbolic links followed so far */
   const char *zIn = zPath;      /* Input path for each iteration of loop */
   char *zDel = 0;
 
@@ -38406,10 +40118,11 @@ static int unixFullPathname(
     }
 
     if( bLink ){
+      nLink++;
       if( zDel==0 ){
         zDel = sqlite3_malloc(nOut);
         if( zDel==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-      }else if( ++nLink>SQLITE_MAX_SYMLINKS ){
+      }else if( nLink>=SQLITE_MAX_SYMLINKS ){
         rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
       }
 
@@ -38445,6 +40158,7 @@ static int unixFullPathname(
   }while( rc==SQLITE_OK );
 
   sqlite3_free(zDel);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nLink ) rc = SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK;
   return rc;
 #endif   /* HAVE_READLINK && HAVE_LSTAT */
 }
@@ -38479,7 +40193,7 @@ static void unixDlError(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int nBuf, char *zBufOut){
   unixLeaveMutex();
 }
 static void (*unixDlSym(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, void *p, const char*zSym))(void){
-  /* 
+  /*
   ** GCC with -pedantic-errors says that C90 does not allow a void* to be
   ** cast into a pointer to a function.  And yet the library dlsym() routine
   ** returns a void* which is really a pointer to a function.  So how do we
@@ -38489,7 +40203,7 @@ static void (*unixDlSym(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, void *p, const char*zSym))(void){
   ** parameters void* and const char* and returning a pointer to a function.
   ** We initialize x by assigning it a pointer to the dlsym() function.
   ** (That assignment requires a cast.)  Then we call the function that
-  ** x points to.  
+  ** x points to.
   **
   ** This work-around is unlikely to work correctly on any system where
   ** you really cannot cast a function pointer into void*.  But then, on the
@@ -38532,7 +40246,7 @@ static int unixRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int nBuf, char *zBuf){
   ** tests repeatable.
   */
   memset(zBuf, 0, nBuf);
-  randomnessPid = osGetpid(0);  
+  randomnessPid = osGetpid(0);
 #if !defined(SQLITE_TEST) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_RANDOMNESS)
   {
     int fd, got;
@@ -38572,7 +40286,8 @@ static int unixSleep(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int microseconds){
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
   return microseconds;
 #elif defined(HAVE_USLEEP) && HAVE_USLEEP
-  usleep(microseconds);
+  if( microseconds>=1000000 ) sleep(microseconds/1000000);
+  if( microseconds%1000000 ) usleep(microseconds%1000000);
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
   return microseconds;
 #else
@@ -38599,7 +40314,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_current_time = 0;  /* Fake system time in seconds since 1
 ** epoch of noon in Greenwich on November 24, 4714 B.C according to the
 ** proleptic Gregorian calendar.
 **
-** On success, return SQLITE_OK.  Return SQLITE_ERROR if the time and date 
+** On success, return SQLITE_OK.  Return SQLITE_ERROR if the time and date
 ** cannot be found.
 */
 static int unixCurrentTimeInt64(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, sqlite3_int64 *piNow){
@@ -38706,7 +40421,7 @@ static int unixGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int NotUsed2, char *NotUsed3){
 ** To address the performance and cache coherency issues, proxy file locking
 ** changes the way database access is controlled by limiting access to a
 ** single host at a time and moving file locks off of the database file
-** and onto a proxy file on the local file system.  
+** and onto a proxy file on the local file system.
 **
 **
 ** Using proxy locks
@@ -38732,19 +40447,19 @@ static int unixGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int NotUsed2, char *NotUsed3){
 ** actual proxy file name is generated from the name and path of the
 ** database file.  For example:
 **
-**       For database path "/Users/me/foo.db" 
+**       For database path "/Users/me/foo.db"
 **       The lock path will be "<tmpdir>/sqliteplocks/_Users_me_foo.db:auto:")
 **
 ** Once a lock proxy is configured for a database connection, it can not
 ** be removed, however it may be switched to a different proxy path via
 ** the above APIs (assuming the conch file is not being held by another
-** connection or process). 
+** connection or process).
 **
 **
 ** How proxy locking works
 ** -----------------------
 **
-** Proxy file locking relies primarily on two new supporting files: 
+** Proxy file locking relies primarily on two new supporting files:
 **
 **   *  conch file to limit access to the database file to a single host
 **      at a time
@@ -38771,11 +40486,11 @@ static int unixGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int NotUsed2, char *NotUsed3){
 ** host (the conch ensures that they all use the same local lock file).
 **
 ** Requesting the lock proxy does not immediately take the conch, it is
-** only taken when the first request to lock database file is made.  
+** only taken when the first request to lock database file is made.
 ** This matches the semantics of the traditional locking behavior, where
 ** opening a connection to a database file does not take a lock on it.
-** The shared lock and an open file descriptor are maintained until 
-** the connection to the database is closed. 
+** The shared lock and an open file descriptor are maintained until
+** the connection to the database is closed.
 **
 ** The proxy file and the lock file are never deleted so they only need
 ** to be created the first time they are used.
@@ -38789,7 +40504,7 @@ static int unixGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int NotUsed2, char *NotUsed3){
 **       automatically configured for proxy locking, lock files are
 **       named automatically using the same logic as
 **       PRAGMA lock_proxy_file=":auto:"
-**    
+**
 **  SQLITE_PROXY_DEBUG
 **
 **       Enables the logging of error messages during host id file
@@ -38804,8 +40519,8 @@ static int unixGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int NotUsed2, char *NotUsed3){
 **
 **       Permissions to use when creating a directory for storing the
 **       lock proxy files, only used when LOCKPROXYDIR is not set.
-**    
-**    
+**
+**
 ** As mentioned above, when compiled with SQLITE_PREFER_PROXY_LOCKING,
 ** setting the environment variable SQLITE_FORCE_PROXY_LOCKING to 1 will
 ** force proxy locking to be used for every database file opened, and 0
@@ -38815,12 +40530,12 @@ static int unixGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int NotUsed2, char *NotUsed3){
 */
 
 /*
-** Proxy locking is only available on MacOSX 
+** Proxy locking is only available on MacOSX
 */
 #if defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
 
 /*
-** The proxyLockingContext has the path and file structures for the remote 
+** The proxyLockingContext has the path and file structures for the remote
 ** and local proxy files in it
 */
 typedef struct proxyLockingContext proxyLockingContext;
@@ -38836,10 +40551,10 @@ struct proxyLockingContext {
   sqlite3_io_methods const *pOldMethod;     /* Original I/O methods for close */
 };
 
-/* 
-** The proxy lock file path for the database at dbPath is written into lPath, 
+/*
+** The proxy lock file path for the database at dbPath is written into lPath,
 ** which must point to valid, writable memory large enough for a maxLen length
-** file path. 
+** file path.
 */
 static int proxyGetLockPath(const char *dbPath, char *lPath, size_t maxLen){
   int len;
@@ -38856,7 +40571,7 @@ static int proxyGetLockPath(const char *dbPath, char *lPath, size_t maxLen){
                lPath, errno, osGetpid(0)));
       return SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK;
     }
-    len = strlcat(lPath, "sqliteplocks", maxLen);    
+    len = strlcat(lPath, "sqliteplocks", maxLen);
   }
 # else
   len = strlcpy(lPath, "/tmp/", maxLen);
@@ -38866,7 +40581,7 @@ static int proxyGetLockPath(const char *dbPath, char *lPath, size_t maxLen){
   if( lPath[len-1]!='/' ){
     len = strlcat(lPath, "/", maxLen);
   }
-  
+
   /* transform the db path to a unique cache name */
   dbLen = (int)strlen(dbPath);
   for( i=0; i<dbLen && (i+len+7)<(int)maxLen; i++){
@@ -38879,14 +40594,14 @@ static int proxyGetLockPath(const char *dbPath, char *lPath, size_t maxLen){
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
  ** Creates the lock file and any missing directories in lockPath
  */
 static int proxyCreateLockPath(const char *lockPath){
   int i, len;
   char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
   int start = 0;
-  
+
   assert(lockPath!=NULL);
   /* try to create all the intermediate directories */
   len = (int)strlen(lockPath);
@@ -38894,7 +40609,7 @@ static int proxyCreateLockPath(const char *lockPath){
   for( i=1; i<len; i++ ){
     if( lockPath[i] == '/' && (i - start > 0) ){
       /* only mkdir if leaf dir != "." or "/" or ".." */
-      if( i-start>2 || (i-start==1 && buf[start] != '.' && buf[start] != '/') 
+      if( i-start>2 || (i-start==1 && buf[start] != '.' && buf[start] != '/')
          || (i-start==2 && buf[start] != '.' && buf[start+1] != '.') ){
         buf[i]='\0';
         if( osMkdir(buf, SQLITE_DEFAULT_PROXYDIR_PERMISSIONS) ){
@@ -38930,7 +40645,7 @@ static int proxyCreateUnixFile(
   int fd = -1;
   unixFile *pNew;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int openFlags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
+  int openFlags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_NOFOLLOW;
   sqlite3_vfs dummyVfs;
   int terrno = 0;
   UnixUnusedFd *pUnused = NULL;
@@ -38960,7 +40675,7 @@ static int proxyCreateUnixFile(
     }
   }
   if( fd<0 ){
-    openFlags = O_RDONLY;
+    openFlags = O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW;
     fd = robust_open(path, openFlags, 0);
     terrno = errno;
   }
@@ -38971,13 +40686,13 @@ static int proxyCreateUnixFile(
     switch (terrno) {
       case EACCES:
         return SQLITE_PERM;
-      case EIO: 
+      case EIO:
         return SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK; /* even though it is the conch */
       default:
         return SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
     }
   }
-  
+
   pNew = (unixFile *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(*pNew));
   if( pNew==NULL ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
@@ -38991,13 +40706,13 @@ static int proxyCreateUnixFile(
   pUnused->fd = fd;
   pUnused->flags = openFlags;
   pNew->pPreallocatedUnused = pUnused;
-  
+
   rc = fillInUnixFile(&dummyVfs, fd, (sqlite3_file*)pNew, path, 0);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     *ppFile = pNew;
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
-end_create_proxy:    
+end_create_proxy:
   robust_close(pNew, fd, __LINE__);
   sqlite3_free(pNew);
   sqlite3_free(pUnused);
@@ -39011,18 +40726,18 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_hostid_num = 0;
 
 #define PROXY_HOSTIDLEN    16  /* conch file host id length */
 
-#ifdef HAVE_GETHOSTUUID
+#if HAVE_GETHOSTUUID
 /* Not always defined in the headers as it ought to be */
 extern int gethostuuid(uuid_t id, const struct timespec *wait);
 #endif
 
-/* get the host ID via gethostuuid(), pHostID must point to PROXY_HOSTIDLEN 
+/* get the host ID via gethostuuid(), pHostID must point to PROXY_HOSTIDLEN
 ** bytes of writable memory.
 */
 static int proxyGetHostID(unsigned char *pHostID, int *pError){
   assert(PROXY_HOSTIDLEN == sizeof(uuid_t));
   memset(pHostID, 0, PROXY_HOSTIDLEN);
-#ifdef HAVE_GETHOSTUUID
+#if HAVE_GETHOSTUUID
   {
     struct timespec timeout = {1, 0}; /* 1 sec timeout */
     if( gethostuuid(pHostID, &timeout) ){
@@ -39042,7 +40757,7 @@ static int proxyGetHostID(unsigned char *pHostID, int *pError){
     pHostID[0] = (char)(pHostID[0] + (char)(sqlite3_hostid_num & 0xFF));
   }
 #endif
-  
+
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -39053,14 +40768,14 @@ static int proxyGetHostID(unsigned char *pHostID, int *pError){
 #define PROXY_PATHINDEX    (PROXY_HEADERLEN+PROXY_HOSTIDLEN)
 #define PROXY_MAXCONCHLEN  (PROXY_HEADERLEN+PROXY_HOSTIDLEN+MAXPATHLEN)
 
-/* 
-** Takes an open conch file, copies the contents to a new path and then moves 
+/*
+** Takes an open conch file, copies the contents to a new path and then moves
 ** it back.  The newly created file's file descriptor is assigned to the
-** conch file structure and finally the original conch file descriptor is 
+** conch file structure and finally the original conch file descriptor is
 ** closed.  Returns zero if successful.
 */
 static int proxyBreakConchLock(unixFile *pFile, uuid_t myHostID){
-  proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext; 
+  proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext;
   unixFile *conchFile = pCtx->conchFile;
   char tPath[MAXPATHLEN];
   char buf[PROXY_MAXCONCHLEN];
@@ -39074,7 +40789,7 @@ static int proxyBreakConchLock(unixFile *pFile, uuid_t myHostID){
 
   /* create a new path by replace the trailing '-conch' with '-break' */
   pathLen = strlcpy(tPath, cPath, MAXPATHLEN);
-  if( pathLen>MAXPATHLEN || pathLen<6 || 
+  if( pathLen>MAXPATHLEN || pathLen<6 ||
      (strlcpy(&tPath[pathLen-5], "break", 6) != 5) ){
     sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(errmsg),errmsg,"path error (len %d)",(int)pathLen);
     goto end_breaklock;
@@ -39086,7 +40801,7 @@ static int proxyBreakConchLock(unixFile *pFile, uuid_t myHostID){
     goto end_breaklock;
   }
   /* write it out to the temporary break file */
-  fd = robust_open(tPath, (O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL), 0);
+  fd = robust_open(tPath, (O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_NOFOLLOW), 0);
   if( fd<0 ){
     sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(errmsg), errmsg, "create failed (%d)", errno);
     goto end_breaklock;
@@ -39116,24 +40831,24 @@ end_breaklock:
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* Take the requested lock on the conch file and break a stale lock if the 
+/* Take the requested lock on the conch file and break a stale lock if the
 ** host id matches.
 */
 static int proxyConchLock(unixFile *pFile, uuid_t myHostID, int lockType){
-  proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext; 
+  proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext;
   unixFile *conchFile = pCtx->conchFile;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int nTries = 0;
   struct timespec conchModTime;
-  
+
   memset(&conchModTime, 0, sizeof(conchModTime));
   do {
     rc = conchFile->pMethod->xLock((sqlite3_file*)conchFile, lockType);
     nTries ++;
     if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
       /* If the lock failed (busy):
-       * 1st try: get the mod time of the conch, wait 0.5s and try again. 
-       * 2nd try: fail if the mod time changed or host id is different, wait 
+       * 1st try: get the mod time of the conch, wait 0.5s and try again.
+       * 2nd try: fail if the mod time changed or host id is different, wait
        *           10 sec and try again
        * 3rd try: break the lock unless the mod time has changed.
        */
@@ -39142,20 +40857,20 @@ static int proxyConchLock(unixFile *pFile, uuid_t myHostID, int lockType){
         storeLastErrno(pFile, errno);
         return SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK;
       }
-      
+
       if( nTries==1 ){
         conchModTime = buf.st_mtimespec;
-        usleep(500000); /* wait 0.5 sec and try the lock again*/
-        continue;  
+        unixSleep(0,500000); /* wait 0.5 sec and try the lock again*/
+        continue;
       }
 
       assert( nTries>1 );
-      if( conchModTime.tv_sec != buf.st_mtimespec.tv_sec || 
+      if( conchModTime.tv_sec != buf.st_mtimespec.tv_sec ||
          conchModTime.tv_nsec != buf.st_mtimespec.tv_nsec ){
         return SQLITE_BUSY;
       }
-      
-      if( nTries==2 ){  
+
+      if( nTries==2 ){
         char tBuf[PROXY_MAXCONCHLEN];
         int len = osPread(conchFile->h, tBuf, PROXY_MAXCONCHLEN, 0);
         if( len<0 ){
@@ -39171,10 +40886,10 @@ static int proxyConchLock(unixFile *pFile, uuid_t myHostID, int lockType){
           /* don't break the lock on short read or a version mismatch */
           return SQLITE_BUSY;
         }
-        usleep(10000000); /* wait 10 sec and try the lock again */
-        continue; 
+        unixSleep(0,10000000); /* wait 10 sec and try the lock again */
+        continue;
       }
-      
+
       assert( nTries==3 );
       if( 0==proxyBreakConchLock(pFile, myHostID) ){
         rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -39187,19 +40902,19 @@ static int proxyConchLock(unixFile *pFile, uuid_t myHostID, int lockType){
       }
     }
   } while( rc==SQLITE_BUSY && nTries<3 );
-  
+
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* Takes the conch by taking a shared lock and read the contents conch, if 
-** lockPath is non-NULL, the host ID and lock file path must match.  A NULL 
-** lockPath means that the lockPath in the conch file will be used if the 
-** host IDs match, or a new lock path will be generated automatically 
+/* Takes the conch by taking a shared lock and read the contents conch, if
+** lockPath is non-NULL, the host ID and lock file path must match.  A NULL
+** lockPath means that the lockPath in the conch file will be used if the
+** host IDs match, or a new lock path will be generated automatically
 ** and written to the conch file.
 */
 static int proxyTakeConch(unixFile *pFile){
-  proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext; 
-  
+  proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext;
+
   if( pCtx->conchHeld!=0 ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }else{
@@ -39215,7 +40930,7 @@ static int proxyTakeConch(unixFile *pFile){
     int readLen = 0;
     int tryOldLockPath = 0;
     int forceNewLockPath = 0;
-    
+
     OSTRACE(("TAKECONCH  %d for %s pid=%d\n", conchFile->h,
              (pCtx->lockProxyPath ? pCtx->lockProxyPath : ":auto:"),
              osGetpid(0)));
@@ -39236,21 +40951,21 @@ static int proxyTakeConch(unixFile *pFile){
       storeLastErrno(pFile, conchFile->lastErrno);
       rc = SQLITE_IOERR_READ;
       goto end_takeconch;
-    }else if( readLen<=(PROXY_HEADERLEN+PROXY_HOSTIDLEN) || 
+    }else if( readLen<=(PROXY_HEADERLEN+PROXY_HOSTIDLEN) ||
              readBuf[0]!=(char)PROXY_CONCHVERSION ){
-      /* a short read or version format mismatch means we need to create a new 
-      ** conch file. 
+      /* a short read or version format mismatch means we need to create a new
+      ** conch file.
       */
       createConch = 1;
     }
     /* if the host id matches and the lock path already exists in the conch
-    ** we'll try to use the path there, if we can't open that path, we'll 
-    ** retry with a new auto-generated path 
+    ** we'll try to use the path there, if we can't open that path, we'll
+    ** retry with a new auto-generated path
     */
     do { /* in case we need to try again for an :auto: named lock file */
 
       if( !createConch && !forceNewLockPath ){
-        hostIdMatch = !memcmp(&readBuf[PROXY_HEADERLEN], myHostID, 
+        hostIdMatch = !memcmp(&readBuf[PROXY_HEADERLEN], myHostID,
                                   PROXY_HOSTIDLEN);
         /* if the conch has data compare the contents */
         if( !pCtx->lockProxyPath ){
@@ -39259,7 +40974,7 @@ static int proxyTakeConch(unixFile *pFile){
            */
           if( hostIdMatch ){
             size_t pathLen = (readLen - PROXY_PATHINDEX);
-            
+
             if( pathLen>=MAXPATHLEN ){
               pathLen=MAXPATHLEN-1;
             }
@@ -39275,23 +40990,23 @@ static int proxyTakeConch(unixFile *pFile){
                            readLen-PROXY_PATHINDEX)
         ){
           /* conch host and lock path match */
-          goto end_takeconch; 
+          goto end_takeconch;
         }
       }
-      
+
       /* if the conch isn't writable and doesn't match, we can't take it */
       if( (conchFile->openFlags&O_RDWR) == 0 ){
         rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
         goto end_takeconch;
       }
-      
+
       /* either the conch didn't match or we need to create a new one */
       if( !pCtx->lockProxyPath ){
         proxyGetLockPath(pCtx->dbPath, lockPath, MAXPATHLEN);
         tempLockPath = lockPath;
         /* create a copy of the lock path _only_ if the conch is taken */
       }
-      
+
       /* update conch with host and path (this will fail if other process
       ** has a shared lock already), if the host id matches, use the big
       ** stick.
@@ -39302,7 +41017,7 @@ static int proxyTakeConch(unixFile *pFile){
           /* We are trying for an exclusive lock but another thread in this
            ** same process is still holding a shared lock. */
           rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-        } else {          
+        } else {
           rc = proxyConchLock(pFile, myHostID, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
         }
       }else{
@@ -39311,7 +41026,7 @@ static int proxyTakeConch(unixFile *pFile){
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         char writeBuffer[PROXY_MAXCONCHLEN];
         int writeSize = 0;
-        
+
         writeBuffer[0] = (char)PROXY_CONCHVERSION;
         memcpy(&writeBuffer[PROXY_HEADERLEN], myHostID, PROXY_HOSTIDLEN);
         if( pCtx->lockProxyPath!=NULL ){
@@ -39324,8 +41039,8 @@ static int proxyTakeConch(unixFile *pFile){
         robust_ftruncate(conchFile->h, writeSize);
         rc = unixWrite((sqlite3_file *)conchFile, writeBuffer, writeSize, 0);
         full_fsync(conchFile->h,0,0);
-        /* If we created a new conch file (not just updated the contents of a 
-         ** valid conch file), try to match the permissions of the database 
+        /* If we created a new conch file (not just updated the contents of a
+         ** valid conch file), try to match the permissions of the database
          */
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK && createConch ){
           struct stat buf;
@@ -39349,14 +41064,14 @@ static int proxyTakeConch(unixFile *pFile){
             }
           }else{
             int code = errno;
-            fprintf(stderr, "STAT FAILED[%d] with %d %s\n", 
+            fprintf(stderr, "STAT FAILED[%d] with %d %s\n",
                     err, code, strerror(code));
 #endif
           }
         }
       }
       conchFile->pMethod->xUnlock((sqlite3_file*)conchFile, SHARED_LOCK);
-      
+
     end_takeconch:
       OSTRACE(("TRANSPROXY: CLOSE  %d\n", pFile->h));
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pFile->openFlags ){
@@ -39379,7 +41094,7 @@ static int proxyTakeConch(unixFile *pFile){
         rc = proxyCreateUnixFile(path, &pCtx->lockProxy, 1);
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_NOMEM && tryOldLockPath ){
           /* we couldn't create the proxy lock file with the old lock file path
-           ** so try again via auto-naming 
+           ** so try again via auto-naming
            */
           forceNewLockPath = 1;
           tryOldLockPath = 0;
@@ -39399,7 +41114,7 @@ static int proxyTakeConch(unixFile *pFile){
       }
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         pCtx->conchHeld = 1;
-        
+
         if( pCtx->lockProxy->pMethod == &afpIoMethods ){
           afpLockingContext *afpCtx;
           afpCtx = (afpLockingContext *)pCtx->lockProxy->lockingContext;
@@ -39411,7 +41126,7 @@ static int proxyTakeConch(unixFile *pFile){
       OSTRACE(("TAKECONCH  %d %s\n", conchFile->h,
                rc==SQLITE_OK?"ok":"failed"));
       return rc;
-    } while (1); /* in case we need to retry the :auto: lock file - 
+    } while (1); /* in case we need to retry the :auto: lock file -
                  ** we should never get here except via the 'continue' call. */
   }
 }
@@ -39427,7 +41142,7 @@ static int proxyReleaseConch(unixFile *pFile){
   pCtx = (proxyLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext;
   conchFile = pCtx->conchFile;
   OSTRACE(("RELEASECONCH  %d for %s pid=%d\n", conchFile->h,
-           (pCtx->lockProxyPath ? pCtx->lockProxyPath : ":auto:"), 
+           (pCtx->lockProxyPath ? pCtx->lockProxyPath : ":auto:"),
            osGetpid(0)));
   if( pCtx->conchHeld>0 ){
     rc = conchFile->pMethod->xUnlock((sqlite3_file*)conchFile, NO_LOCK);
@@ -39455,13 +41170,13 @@ static int proxyCreateConchPathname(char *dbPath, char **pConchPath){
   char *conchPath;              /* buffer in which to construct conch name */
 
   /* Allocate space for the conch filename and initialize the name to
-  ** the name of the original database file. */  
+  ** the name of the original database file. */
   *pConchPath = conchPath = (char *)sqlite3_malloc64(len + 8);
   if( conchPath==0 ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
   memcpy(conchPath, dbPath, len+1);
-  
+
   /* now insert a "." before the last / character */
   for( i=(len-1); i>=0; i-- ){
     if( conchPath[i]=='/' ){
@@ -39484,7 +41199,7 @@ static int proxyCreateConchPathname(char *dbPath, char **pConchPath){
 
 
 /* Takes a fully configured proxy locking-style unix file and switches
-** the local lock file path 
+** the local lock file path
 */
 static int switchLockProxyPath(unixFile *pFile, const char *path) {
   proxyLockingContext *pCtx = (proxyLockingContext*)pFile->lockingContext;
@@ -39493,7 +41208,7 @@ static int switchLockProxyPath(unixFile *pFile, const char *path) {
 
   if( pFile->eFileLock!=NO_LOCK ){
     return SQLITE_BUSY;
-  }  
+  }
 
   /* nothing to do if the path is NULL, :auto: or matches the existing path */
   if( !path || path[0]=='\0' || !strcmp(path, ":auto:") ||
@@ -39511,7 +41226,7 @@ static int switchLockProxyPath(unixFile *pFile, const char *path) {
     sqlite3_free(oldPath);
     pCtx->lockProxyPath = sqlite3DbStrDup(0, path);
   }
-  
+
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -39525,7 +41240,7 @@ static int switchLockProxyPath(unixFile *pFile, const char *path) {
 static int proxyGetDbPathForUnixFile(unixFile *pFile, char *dbPath){
 #if defined(__APPLE__)
   if( pFile->pMethod == &afpIoMethods ){
-    /* afp style keeps a reference to the db path in the filePath field 
+    /* afp style keeps a reference to the db path in the filePath field
     ** of the struct */
     assert( (int)strlen((char*)pFile->lockingContext)<=MAXPATHLEN );
     strlcpy(dbPath, ((afpLockingContext *)pFile->lockingContext)->dbPath,
@@ -39546,9 +41261,9 @@ static int proxyGetDbPathForUnixFile(unixFile *pFile, char *dbPath){
 }
 
 /*
-** Takes an already filled in unix file and alters it so all file locking 
+** Takes an already filled in unix file and alters it so all file locking
 ** will be performed on the local proxy lock file.  The following fields
-** are preserved in the locking context so that they can be restored and 
+** are preserved in the locking context so that they can be restored and
 ** the unix structure properly cleaned up at close time:
 **  ->lockingContext
 **  ->pMethod
@@ -39558,7 +41273,7 @@ static int proxyTransformUnixFile(unixFile *pFile, const char *path) {
   char dbPath[MAXPATHLEN+1];       /* Name of the database file */
   char *lockPath=NULL;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  
+
   if( pFile->eFileLock!=NO_LOCK ){
     return SQLITE_BUSY;
   }
@@ -39568,7 +41283,7 @@ static int proxyTransformUnixFile(unixFile *pFile, const char *path) {
   }else{
     lockPath=(char *)path;
   }
-  
+
   OSTRACE(("TRANSPROXY  %d for %s pid=%d\n", pFile->h,
            (lockPath ? lockPath : ":auto:"), osGetpid(0)));
 
@@ -39602,7 +41317,7 @@ static int proxyTransformUnixFile(unixFile *pFile, const char *path) {
         rc = SQLITE_OK;
       }
     }
-  }  
+  }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && lockPath ){
     pCtx->lockProxyPath = sqlite3DbStrDup(0, lockPath);
   }
@@ -39614,7 +41329,7 @@ static int proxyTransformUnixFile(unixFile *pFile, const char *path) {
     }
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    /* all memory is allocated, proxys are created and assigned, 
+    /* all memory is allocated, proxys are created and assigned,
     ** switch the locking context and pMethod then return.
     */
     pCtx->oldLockingContext = pFile->lockingContext;
@@ -39622,12 +41337,12 @@ static int proxyTransformUnixFile(unixFile *pFile, const char *path) {
     pCtx->pOldMethod = pFile->pMethod;
     pFile->pMethod = &proxyIoMethods;
   }else{
-    if( pCtx->conchFile ){ 
+    if( pCtx->conchFile ){
       pCtx->conchFile->pMethod->xClose((sqlite3_file *)pCtx->conchFile);
       sqlite3_free(pCtx->conchFile);
     }
     sqlite3DbFree(0, pCtx->lockProxyPath);
-    sqlite3_free(pCtx->conchFilePath); 
+    sqlite3_free(pCtx->conchFilePath);
     sqlite3_free(pCtx);
   }
   OSTRACE(("TRANSPROXY  %d %s\n", pFile->h,
@@ -39665,7 +41380,7 @@ static int proxyFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
         if( isProxyStyle ){
           /* turn off proxy locking - not supported.  If support is added for
           ** switching proxy locking mode off then it will need to fail if
-          ** the journal mode is WAL mode. 
+          ** the journal mode is WAL mode.
           */
           rc = SQLITE_ERROR /*SQLITE_PROTOCOL? SQLITE_MISUSE?*/;
         }else{
@@ -39675,9 +41390,9 @@ static int proxyFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
       }else{
         const char *proxyPath = (const char *)pArg;
         if( isProxyStyle ){
-          proxyLockingContext *pCtx = 
+          proxyLockingContext *pCtx =
             (proxyLockingContext*)pFile->lockingContext;
-          if( !strcmp(pArg, ":auto:") 
+          if( !strcmp(pArg, ":auto:")
            || (pCtx->lockProxyPath &&
                !strncmp(pCtx->lockProxyPath, proxyPath, MAXPATHLEN))
           ){
@@ -39696,7 +41411,7 @@ static int proxyFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
       assert( 0 );  /* The call assures that only valid opcodes are sent */
     }
   }
-  /*NOTREACHED*/
+  /*NOTREACHED*/ assert(0);
   return SQLITE_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -39802,7 +41517,7 @@ static int proxyClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
     unixFile *lockProxy = pCtx->lockProxy;
     unixFile *conchFile = pCtx->conchFile;
     int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    
+
     if( lockProxy ){
       rc = lockProxy->pMethod->xUnlock((sqlite3_file*)lockProxy, NO_LOCK);
       if( rc ) return rc;
@@ -39839,7 +41554,7 @@ static int proxyClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
 ** The proxy locking style is intended for use with AFP filesystems.
 ** And since AFP is only supported on MacOSX, the proxy locking is also
 ** restricted to MacOSX.
-** 
+**
 **
 ******************* End of the proxy lock implementation **********************
 ******************************************************************************/
@@ -39857,8 +41572,8 @@ static int proxyClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
 ** necessarily been initialized when this routine is called, and so they
 ** should not be used.
 */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void){ 
-  /* 
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void){
+  /*
   ** The following macro defines an initializer for an sqlite3_vfs object.
   ** The name of the VFS is NAME.  The pAppData is a pointer to a pointer
   ** to the "finder" function.  (pAppData is a pointer to a pointer because
@@ -39874,7 +41589,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void){
   **
   ** Most finders simply return a pointer to a fixed sqlite3_io_methods
   ** object.  But the "autolockIoFinder" available on MacOSX does a little
-  ** more than that; it looks at the filesystem type that hosts the 
+  ** more than that; it looks at the filesystem type that hosts the
   ** database file and tries to choose an locking method appropriate for
   ** that filesystem time.
   */
@@ -39947,7 +41662,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void){
     sqlite3_vfs_register(&aVfs[i], i==0);
   }
   unixBigLock = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1);
-  return SQLITE_OK; 
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -39957,11 +41672,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void){
 ** to release dynamically allocated objects.  But not on unix.
 ** This routine is a no-op for unix.
 */
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void){ 
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void){
   unixBigLock = 0;
-  return SQLITE_OK; 
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
- 
+
 #endif /* SQLITE_OS_UNIX */
 
 /************** End of os_unix.c *********************************************/
@@ -40044,7 +41759,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void){
 ******************************************************************************
 **
 ** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
-** counters for x86 class CPUs.
+** counters for x86 and x86_64 class CPUs.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_HWTIME_H
 #define SQLITE_HWTIME_H
@@ -40055,8 +41770,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void){
 ** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
 ** profiling.
 */
-#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
-      (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
+#if !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && \
+    (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
+    (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
 
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
 
@@ -40077,15 +41793,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void){
 
   #endif
 
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
+#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
 
   __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
       unsigned long val;
       __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=A" (val));
       return val;
   }
- 
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))
+
+#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))
 
   __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
       unsigned long long retval;
@@ -40102,14 +41818,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void){
 
 #else
 
-  #error Need implementation of sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform.
-
   /*
-  ** To compile without implementing sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform,
-  ** you can remove the above #error and use the following
-  ** stub function.  You will lose timing support for many
-  ** of the debugging and testing utilities, but it should at
-  ** least compile and run.
+  ** asm() is needed for hardware timing support.  Without asm(),
+  ** disable the sqlite3Hwtime() routine.
+  **
+  ** sqlite3Hwtime() is only used for some obscure debugging
+  ** and analysis configurations, not in any deliverable, so this
+  ** should not be a great loss.
   */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }
 
@@ -40450,8 +42165,7 @@ struct winFile {
   int nFetchOut;                /* Number of outstanding xFetch references */
   HANDLE hMap;                  /* Handle for accessing memory mapping */
   void *pMapRegion;             /* Area memory mapped */
-  sqlite3_int64 mmapSize;       /* Usable size of mapped region */
-  sqlite3_int64 mmapSizeActual; /* Actual size of mapped region */
+  sqlite3_int64 mmapSize;       /* Size of mapped region */
   sqlite3_int64 mmapSizeMax;    /* Configured FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE value */
 #endif
 };
@@ -41457,17 +43171,17 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_win32_compact_heap(LPUINT pnLargest){
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_win32_reset_heap(){
   int rc;
-  MUTEX_LOGIC( sqlite3_mutex *pMaster; ) /* The main static mutex */
+  MUTEX_LOGIC( sqlite3_mutex *pMainMtx; ) /* The main static mutex */
   MUTEX_LOGIC( sqlite3_mutex *pMem; )    /* The memsys static mutex */
-  MUTEX_LOGIC( pMaster = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER); )
+  MUTEX_LOGIC( pMainMtx = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN); )
   MUTEX_LOGIC( pMem = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM); )
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMaster);
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMainMtx);
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMem);
   winMemAssertMagic();
   if( winMemGetHeap()!=NULL && winMemGetOwned() && sqlite3_memory_used()==0 ){
     /*
     ** At this point, there should be no outstanding memory allocations on
-    ** the heap.  Also, since both the master and memsys locks are currently
+    ** the heap.  Also, since both the main and memsys locks are currently
     ** being held by us, no other function (i.e. from another thread) should
     ** be able to even access the heap.  Attempt to destroy and recreate our
     ** isolated Win32 native heap now.
@@ -41490,7 +43204,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_win32_reset_heap(){
     rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMem);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMaster);
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMainMtx);
   return rc;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC */
@@ -43072,6 +44786,26 @@ static int winTruncate(sqlite3_file *id, sqlite3_int64 nByte){
   DWORD lastErrno;
 #if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
   sqlite3_int64 oldMmapSize;
+  if( pFile->nFetchOut>0 ){
+    /* File truncation is a no-op if there are outstanding memory mapped
+    ** pages.  This is because truncating the file means temporarily unmapping
+    ** the file, and that might delete memory out from under existing cursors.
+    **
+    ** This can result in incremental vacuum not truncating the file,
+    ** if there is an active read cursor when the incremental vacuum occurs.
+    ** No real harm comes of this - the database file is not corrupted,
+    ** though some folks might complain that the file is bigger than it
+    ** needs to be.
+    **
+    ** The only feasible work-around is to defer the truncation until after
+    ** all references to memory-mapped content are closed.  That is doable,
+    ** but involves adding a few branches in the common write code path which
+    ** could slow down normal operations slightly.  Hence, we have decided for
+    ** now to simply make trancations a no-op if there are pending reads.  We
+    ** can maybe revisit this decision in the future.
+    */
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
 #endif
 
   assert( pFile );
@@ -43649,6 +45383,7 @@ static void winModeBit(winFile *pFile, unsigned char mask, int *pArg){
 /* Forward references to VFS helper methods used for temporary files */
 static int winGetTempname(sqlite3_vfs *, char **);
 static int winIsDir(const void *);
+static BOOL winIsLongPathPrefix(const char *);
 static BOOL winIsDriveLetterAndColon(const char *);
 
 /*
@@ -44362,6 +46097,7 @@ static int winShmMap(
     rc = winOpenSharedMemory(pDbFd);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
     pShm = pDbFd->pShm;
+    assert( pShm!=0 );
   }
   pShmNode = pShm->pShmNode;
 
@@ -44500,9 +46236,9 @@ shmpage_out:
 static int winUnmapfile(winFile *pFile){
   assert( pFile!=0 );
   OSTRACE(("UNMAP-FILE pid=%lu, pFile=%p, hMap=%p, pMapRegion=%p, "
-           "mmapSize=%lld, mmapSizeActual=%lld, mmapSizeMax=%lld\n",
+           "mmapSize=%lld, mmapSizeMax=%lld\n",
            osGetCurrentProcessId(), pFile, pFile->hMap, pFile->pMapRegion,
-           pFile->mmapSize, pFile->mmapSizeActual, pFile->mmapSizeMax));
+           pFile->mmapSize, pFile->mmapSizeMax));
   if( pFile->pMapRegion ){
     if( !osUnmapViewOfFile(pFile->pMapRegion) ){
       pFile->lastErrno = osGetLastError();
@@ -44514,7 +46250,6 @@ static int winUnmapfile(winFile *pFile){
     }
     pFile->pMapRegion = 0;
     pFile->mmapSize = 0;
-    pFile->mmapSizeActual = 0;
   }
   if( pFile->hMap!=NULL ){
     if( !osCloseHandle(pFile->hMap) ){
@@ -44625,7 +46360,6 @@ static int winMapfile(winFile *pFd, sqlite3_int64 nByte){
     }
     pFd->pMapRegion = pNew;
     pFd->mmapSize = nMap;
-    pFd->mmapSizeActual = nMap;
   }
 
   OSTRACE(("MAP-FILE pid=%lu, pFile=%p, rc=SQLITE_OK\n",
@@ -44666,6 +46400,7 @@ static int winFetch(sqlite3_file *fd, i64 iOff, int nAmt, void **pp){
       }
     }
     if( pFd->mmapSize >= iOff+nAmt ){
+      assert( pFd->pMapRegion!=0 );
       *pp = &((u8 *)pFd->pMapRegion)[iOff];
       pFd->nFetchOut++;
     }
@@ -45169,7 +46904,7 @@ static int winOpen(
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   int isOpenJournal = (isCreate && (
-        eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL
+        eType==SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL
      || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL
      || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_WAL
   ));
@@ -45190,17 +46925,17 @@ static int winOpen(
   assert(isExclusive==0 || isCreate);
   assert(isDelete==0 || isCreate);
 
-  /* The main DB, main journal, WAL file and master journal are never
+  /* The main DB, main journal, WAL file and super-journal are never
   ** automatically deleted. Nor are they ever temporary files.  */
   assert( (!isDelete && zName) || eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB );
   assert( (!isDelete && zName) || eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL );
-  assert( (!isDelete && zName) || eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL );
+  assert( (!isDelete && zName) || eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL );
   assert( (!isDelete && zName) || eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_WAL );
 
   /* Assert that the upper layer has set one of the "file-type" flags. */
   assert( eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB      || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB
        || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL
-       || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL   || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL
+       || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL   || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL
        || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_WAL
   );
 
@@ -45272,7 +47007,11 @@ static int winOpen(
     dwCreationDisposition = OPEN_EXISTING;
   }
 
-  dwShareMode = FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE;
+  if( 0==sqlite3_uri_boolean(zName, "exclusive", 0) ){
+    dwShareMode = FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE;
+  }else{
+    dwShareMode = 0;
+  }
 
   if( isDelete ){
 #if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
@@ -45412,13 +47151,15 @@ static int winOpen(
   }
 
   sqlite3_free(zTmpname);
-  pFile->pMethod = pAppData ? pAppData->pMethod : &winIoMethod;
+  id->pMethods = pAppData ? pAppData->pMethod : &winIoMethod;
   pFile->pVfs = pVfs;
   pFile->h = h;
   if( isReadonly ){
     pFile->ctrlFlags |= WINFILE_RDONLY;
   }
-  if( sqlite3_uri_boolean(zName, "psow", SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE) ){
+  if( (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB)
+   && sqlite3_uri_boolean(zName, "psow", SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE)
+  ){
     pFile->ctrlFlags |= WINFILE_PSOW;
   }
   pFile->lastErrno = NO_ERROR;
@@ -45427,7 +47168,6 @@ static int winOpen(
   pFile->hMap = NULL;
   pFile->pMapRegion = 0;
   pFile->mmapSize = 0;
-  pFile->mmapSizeActual = 0;
   pFile->mmapSizeMax = sqlite3GlobalConfig.szMmap;
 #endif
 
@@ -45629,6 +47369,17 @@ static int winAccess(
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
+/*
+** Returns non-zero if the specified path name starts with the "long path"
+** prefix.
+*/
+static BOOL winIsLongPathPrefix(
+  const char *zPathname
+){
+  return ( zPathname[0]=='\\' && zPathname[1]=='\\'
+        && zPathname[2]=='?'  && zPathname[3]=='\\' );
+}
+
 /*
 ** Returns non-zero if the specified path name starts with a drive letter
 ** followed by a colon character.
@@ -45693,10 +47444,11 @@ static int winFullPathname(
   char *zOut;
 #endif
 
-  /* If this path name begins with "/X:", where "X" is any alphabetic
-  ** character, discard the initial "/" from the pathname.
+  /* If this path name begins with "/X:" or "\\?\", where "X" is any
+  ** alphabetic character, discard the initial "/" from the pathname.
   */
-  if( zRelative[0]=='/' && winIsDriveLetterAndColon(zRelative+1) ){
+  if( zRelative[0]=='/' && (winIsDriveLetterAndColon(zRelative+1)
+       || winIsLongPathPrefix(zRelative+1)) ){
     zRelative++;
   }
 
@@ -46320,7 +48072,8 @@ typedef struct MemFile MemFile;
 struct MemFile {
   sqlite3_file base;              /* IO methods */
   sqlite3_int64 sz;               /* Size of the file */
-  sqlite3_int64 szMax;            /* Space allocated to aData */
+  sqlite3_int64 szAlloc;          /* Space allocated to aData */
+  sqlite3_int64 szMax;            /* Maximum allowed size of the file */
   unsigned char *aData;           /* content of the file */
   int nMmap;                      /* Number of memory mapped pages */
   unsigned mFlags;                /* Flags */
@@ -46367,7 +48120,7 @@ static sqlite3_vfs memdb_vfs = {
   1024,                        /* mxPathname */
   0,                           /* pNext */
   "memdb",                     /* zName */
-  0,                           /* pAppData (set when registered) */ 
+  0,                           /* pAppData (set when registered) */
   memdbOpen,                   /* xOpen */
   0, /* memdbDelete, */        /* xDelete */
   memdbAccess,                 /* xAccess */
@@ -46392,7 +48145,7 @@ static const sqlite3_io_methods memdb_io_methods = {
   memdbSync,                       /* xSync */
   memdbFileSize,                   /* xFileSize */
   memdbLock,                       /* xLock */
-  memdbLock,                       /* xUnlock - same as xLock in this case */ 
+  memdbLock,                       /* xUnlock - same as xLock in this case */
   0, /* memdbCheckReservedLock, */ /* xCheckReservedLock */
   memdbFileControl,                /* xFileControl */
   0, /* memdbSectorSize,*/         /* xSectorSize */
@@ -46411,11 +48164,14 @@ static const sqlite3_io_methods memdb_io_methods = {
 ** Close an memdb-file.
 **
 ** The pData pointer is owned by the application, so there is nothing
-** to free.
+** to free.  Unless the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE flag is set,
+** in which case we own the pData pointer and need to free it.
 */
 static int memdbClose(sqlite3_file *pFile){
   MemFile *p = (MemFile *)pFile;
-  if( p->mFlags & SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE ) sqlite3_free(p->aData);
+  if( p->mFlags & SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE ){
+    sqlite3_free(p->aData);
+  }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -46423,9 +48179,9 @@ static int memdbClose(sqlite3_file *pFile){
 ** Read data from an memdb-file.
 */
 static int memdbRead(
-  sqlite3_file *pFile, 
-  void *zBuf, 
-  int iAmt, 
+  sqlite3_file *pFile,
+  void *zBuf,
+  int iAmt,
   sqlite_int64 iOfst
 ){
   MemFile *p = (MemFile *)pFile;
@@ -46446,10 +48202,15 @@ static int memdbEnlarge(MemFile *p, sqlite3_int64 newSz){
   if( (p->mFlags & SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE)==0 || p->nMmap>0 ){
     return SQLITE_FULL;
   }
-  pNew = sqlite3_realloc64(p->aData, newSz);
+  if( newSz>p->szMax ){
+    return SQLITE_FULL;
+  }
+  newSz *= 2;
+  if( newSz>p->szMax ) newSz = p->szMax;
+  pNew = sqlite3Realloc(p->aData, newSz);
   if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   p->aData = pNew;
-  p->szMax = newSz;
+  p->szAlloc = newSz;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -46463,10 +48224,11 @@ static int memdbWrite(
   sqlite_int64 iOfst
 ){
   MemFile *p = (MemFile *)pFile;
+  if( NEVER(p->mFlags & SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY) ) return SQLITE_READONLY;
   if( iOfst+iAmt>p->sz ){
     int rc;
-    if( iOfst+iAmt>p->szMax
-     && (rc = memdbEnlarge(p, (iOfst+iAmt)*2))!=SQLITE_OK
+    if( iOfst+iAmt>p->szAlloc
+     && (rc = memdbEnlarge(p, iOfst+iAmt))!=SQLITE_OK
     ){
       return rc;
     }
@@ -46487,7 +48249,7 @@ static int memdbWrite(
 static int memdbTruncate(sqlite3_file *pFile, sqlite_int64 size){
   MemFile *p = (MemFile *)pFile;
   if( NEVER(size>p->sz) ) return SQLITE_FULL;
-  p->sz = size; 
+  p->sz = size;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -46512,6 +48274,11 @@ static int memdbFileSize(sqlite3_file *pFile, sqlite_int64 *pSize){
 */
 static int memdbLock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int eLock){
   MemFile *p = (MemFile *)pFile;
+  if( eLock>SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED
+   && (p->mFlags & SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY)!=0
+  ){
+    return SQLITE_READONLY;
+  }
   p->eLock = eLock;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -46536,6 +48303,19 @@ static int memdbFileControl(sqlite3_file *pFile, int op, void *pArg){
     *(char**)pArg = sqlite3_mprintf("memdb(%p,%lld)", p->aData, p->sz);
     rc = SQLITE_OK;
   }
+  if( op==SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT ){
+    sqlite3_int64 iLimit = *(sqlite3_int64*)pArg;
+    if( iLimit<p->sz ){
+      if( iLimit<0 ){
+        iLimit = p->szMax;
+      }else{
+        iLimit = p->sz;
+      }
+    }
+    p->szMax = iLimit;
+    *(sqlite3_int64*)pArg = iLimit;
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  }
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -46552,7 +48332,7 @@ static int memdbSectorSize(sqlite3_file *pFile){
 ** Return the device characteristic flags supported by an memdb-file.
 */
 static int memdbDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *pFile){
-  return SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC | 
+  return SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC |
          SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE |
          SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND |
          SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL;
@@ -46566,8 +48346,12 @@ static int memdbFetch(
   void **pp
 ){
   MemFile *p = (MemFile *)pFile;
-  p->nMmap++;
-  *pp = (void*)(p->aData + iOfst);
+  if( iOfst+iAmt>p->sz ){
+    *pp = 0;
+  }else{
+    p->nMmap++;
+    *pp = (void*)(p->aData + iOfst);
+  }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -46596,11 +48380,12 @@ static int memdbOpen(
   p->mFlags = SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE | SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE;
   assert( pOutFlags!=0 );  /* True because flags==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB */
   *pOutFlags = flags | SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY;
-  p->base.pMethods = &memdb_io_methods;
+  pFile->pMethods = &memdb_io_methods;
+  p->szMax = sqlite3GlobalConfig.mxMemdbSize;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-#if 0 /* Only used to delete rollback journals, master journals, and WAL
+#if 0 /* Only used to delete rollback journals, super-journals, and WAL
       ** files, none of which exist in memdb.  So this routine is never used */
 /*
 ** Delete the file located at zPath. If the dirSync argument is true,
@@ -46619,9 +48404,9 @@ static int memdbDelete(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath, int dirSync){
 ** With memdb, no files ever exist on disk.  So always return false.
 */
 static int memdbAccess(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, 
-  const char *zPath, 
-  int flags, 
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
+  const char *zPath,
+  int flags,
   int *pResOut
 ){
   *pResOut = 0;
@@ -46634,9 +48419,9 @@ static int memdbAccess(
 ** of at least (INST_MAX_PATHNAME+1) bytes.
 */
 static int memdbFullPathname(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, 
-  const char *zPath, 
-  int nOut, 
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
+  const char *zPath,
+  int nOut,
   char *zOut
 ){
   sqlite3_snprintf(nOut, zOut, "%s", zPath);
@@ -46652,7 +48437,7 @@ static void *memdbDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath){
 
 /*
 ** Populate the buffer zErrMsg (size nByte bytes) with a human readable
-** utf-8 string describing the most recent error encountered associated 
+** utf-8 string describing the most recent error encountered associated
 ** with dynamic libraries.
 */
 static void memdbDlError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zErrMsg){
@@ -46674,7 +48459,7 @@ static void memdbDlClose(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle){
 }
 
 /*
-** Populate the buffer pointed to by zBufOut with nByte bytes of 
+** Populate the buffer pointed to by zBufOut with nByte bytes of
 ** random data.
 */
 static int memdbRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zBufOut){
@@ -46682,7 +48467,7 @@ static int memdbRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zBufOut){
 }
 
 /*
-** Sleep for nMicro microseconds. Return the number of microseconds 
+** Sleep for nMicro microseconds. Return the number of microseconds
 ** actually slept.
 */
 static int memdbSleep(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nMicro){
@@ -46788,7 +48573,7 @@ SQLITE_API unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
           }else{
             memset(pTo, 0, szPage);
           }
-          sqlite3PagerUnref(pPage);       
+          sqlite3PagerUnref(pPage);
         }
       }
     }
@@ -46827,10 +48612,14 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_deserialize(
   if( iDb<0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     goto end_deserialize;
-  }    
+  }
   zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("ATTACH x AS %Q", zSchema);
-  rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
-  sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  if( zSql==0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }else{
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+    sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  }
   if( rc ) goto end_deserialize;
   db->init.iDb = (u8)iDb;
   db->init.reopenMemdb = 1;
@@ -46845,19 +48634,27 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_deserialize(
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
   }else{
     p->aData = pData;
+    pData = 0;
     p->sz = szDb;
+    p->szAlloc = szBuf;
     p->szMax = szBuf;
+    if( p->szMax<sqlite3GlobalConfig.mxMemdbSize ){
+      p->szMax = sqlite3GlobalConfig.mxMemdbSize;
+    }
     p->mFlags = mFlags;
     rc = SQLITE_OK;
   }
 
 end_deserialize:
   sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  if( pData && (mFlags & SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE)!=0 ){
+    sqlite3_free(pData);
+  }
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** This routine is called when the extension is loaded.
 ** Register the new VFS.
 */
@@ -46865,10 +48662,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdbInit(void){
   sqlite3_vfs *pLower = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
   int sz = pLower->szOsFile;
   memdb_vfs.pAppData = pLower;
-  /* In all known configurations of SQLite, the size of a default
-  ** sqlite3_file is greater than the size of a memdb sqlite3_file.
-  ** Should that ever change, remove the following NEVER() */
-  if( NEVER(sz<sizeof(MemFile)) ) sz = sizeof(MemFile);
+  /* The following conditional can only be true when compiled for
+  ** Windows x86 and SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE=0.  We always leave
+  ** it in, to be safe, but it is marked as NO_TEST since there
+  ** is no way to reach it under most builds. */
+  if( sz<sizeof(MemFile) ) sz = sizeof(MemFile); /*NO_TEST*/
   memdb_vfs.szOsFile = sz;
   return sqlite3_vfs_register(&memdb_vfs, 0);
 }
@@ -46895,8 +48693,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdbInit(void){
 ** property.  Usually only a few pages are meet either condition.
 ** So the bitmap is usually sparse and has low cardinality.
 ** But sometimes (for example when during a DROP of a large table) most
-** or all of the pages in a database can get journalled.  In those cases, 
-** the bitmap becomes dense with high cardinality.  The algorithm needs 
+** or all of the pages in a database can get journalled.  In those cases,
+** the bitmap becomes dense with high cardinality.  The algorithm needs
 ** to handle both cases well.
 **
 ** The size of the bitmap is fixed when the object is created.
@@ -46917,13 +48715,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdbInit(void){
 /* Size of the Bitvec structure in bytes. */
 #define BITVEC_SZ        512
 
-/* Round the union size down to the nearest pointer boundary, since that's how 
+/* Round the union size down to the nearest pointer boundary, since that's how
 ** it will be aligned within the Bitvec struct. */
 #define BITVEC_USIZE \
     (((BITVEC_SZ-(3*sizeof(u32)))/sizeof(Bitvec*))*sizeof(Bitvec*))
 
-/* Type of the array "element" for the bitmap representation. 
-** Should be a power of 2, and ideally, evenly divide into BITVEC_USIZE. 
+/* Type of the array "element" for the bitmap representation.
+** Should be a power of 2, and ideally, evenly divide into BITVEC_USIZE.
 ** Setting this to the "natural word" size of your CPU may improve
 ** performance. */
 #define BITVEC_TELEM     u8
@@ -46936,12 +48734,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdbInit(void){
 
 /* Number of u32 values in hash table. */
 #define BITVEC_NINT      (BITVEC_USIZE/sizeof(u32))
-/* Maximum number of entries in hash table before 
+/* Maximum number of entries in hash table before
 ** sub-dividing and re-hashing. */
 #define BITVEC_MXHASH    (BITVEC_NINT/2)
 /* Hashing function for the aHash representation.
-** Empirical testing showed that the *37 multiplier 
-** (an arbitrary prime)in the hash function provided 
+** Empirical testing showed that the *37 multiplier
+** (an arbitrary prime)in the hash function provided
 ** no fewer collisions than the no-op *1. */
 #define BITVEC_HASH(X)   (((X)*1)%BITVEC_NINT)
 
@@ -46987,7 +48785,7 @@ struct Bitvec {
 
 /*
 ** Create a new bitmap object able to handle bits between 0 and iSize,
-** inclusive.  Return a pointer to the new object.  Return NULL if 
+** inclusive.  Return a pointer to the new object.  Return NULL if
 ** malloc fails.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32 iSize){
@@ -47243,7 +49041,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int sz, int *aOp){
         break;
       }
       case 3:
-      case 4: 
+      case 4:
       default: {
         nx = 2;
         sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(i), &i);
@@ -47323,8 +49121,8 @@ bitvec_end:
 **
 **   The PCache.pSynced variable is used to optimize searching for a dirty
 **   page to eject from the cache mid-transaction. It is better to eject
-**   a page that does not require a journal sync than one that does. 
-**   Therefore, pSynced is maintained to that it *almost* always points
+**   a page that does not require a journal sync than one that does.
+**   Therefore, pSynced is maintained so that it *almost* always points
 **   to either the oldest page in the pDirty/pDirtyTail list that has a
 **   clear PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag or to a page that is older than this one
 **   (so that the right page to eject can be found by following pDirtyPrev
@@ -47364,7 +49162,7 @@ struct PCache {
     sqlite3_pcache_page *pLower;
     PgHdr *pPg;
     unsigned char *a;
-  
+
     if( sqlite3PcacheTrace<2 ) return;
     if( pCache->pCache==0 ) return;
     N = sqlite3PcachePagecount(pCache);
@@ -47456,12 +49254,12 @@ static void pcacheManageDirtyList(PgHdr *pPage, u8 addRemove){
   if( addRemove & PCACHE_DIRTYLIST_REMOVE ){
     assert( pPage->pDirtyNext || pPage==p->pDirtyTail );
     assert( pPage->pDirtyPrev || pPage==p->pDirty );
-  
+
     /* Update the PCache1.pSynced variable if necessary. */
     if( p->pSynced==pPage ){
       p->pSynced = pPage->pDirtyPrev;
     }
-  
+
     if( pPage->pDirtyNext ){
       pPage->pDirtyNext->pDirtyPrev = pPage->pDirtyPrev;
     }else{
@@ -47471,7 +49269,7 @@ static void pcacheManageDirtyList(PgHdr *pPage, u8 addRemove){
     if( pPage->pDirtyPrev ){
       pPage->pDirtyPrev->pDirtyNext = pPage->pDirtyNext;
     }else{
-      /* If there are now no dirty pages in the cache, set eCreate to 2. 
+      /* If there are now no dirty pages in the cache, set eCreate to 2.
       ** This is an optimization that allows sqlite3PcacheFetch() to skip
       ** searching for a dirty page to eject from the cache when it might
       ** otherwise have to.  */
@@ -47500,11 +49298,11 @@ static void pcacheManageDirtyList(PgHdr *pPage, u8 addRemove){
     p->pDirty = pPage;
 
     /* If pSynced is NULL and this page has a clear NEED_SYNC flag, set
-    ** pSynced to point to it. Checking the NEED_SYNC flag is an 
+    ** pSynced to point to it. Checking the NEED_SYNC flag is an
     ** optimization, as if pSynced points to a page with the NEED_SYNC
-    ** flag set sqlite3PcacheFetchStress() searches through all newer 
+    ** flag set sqlite3PcacheFetchStress() searches through all newer
     ** entries of the dirty-list for a page with NEED_SYNC clear anyway.  */
-    if( !p->pSynced 
+    if( !p->pSynced
      && 0==(pPage->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)   /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
     ){
       p->pSynced = pPage;
@@ -47535,16 +49333,17 @@ static int numberOfCachePages(PCache *p){
     ** suggested cache size is set to N. */
     return p->szCache;
   }else{
-    /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-61436-13639 If the argument N is negative, then
-    ** the number of cache pages is adjusted to use approximately abs(N*1024)
-    ** bytes of memory. */
+    /* IMPLEMANTATION-OF: R-59858-46238 If the argument N is negative, then the
+    ** number of cache pages is adjusted to be a number of pages that would
+    ** use approximately abs(N*1024) bytes of memory based on the current
+    ** page size. */
     return (int)((-1024*(i64)p->szCache)/(p->szPage+p->szExtra));
   }
 }
 
 /*************************************************** General Interfaces ******
 **
-** Initialize and shutdown the page cache subsystem. Neither of these 
+** Initialize and shutdown the page cache subsystem. Neither of these
 ** functions are threadsafe.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheInitialize(void){
@@ -47553,6 +49352,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheInitialize(void){
     ** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
     ** page cache. */
     sqlite3PCacheSetDefault();
+    assert( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache2.xInit!=0 );
   }
   return sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache2.xInit(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache2.pArg);
 }
@@ -47570,8 +49370,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheSize(void){ return sizeof(PCache); }
 
 /*
 ** Create a new PCache object. Storage space to hold the object
-** has already been allocated and is passed in as the p pointer. 
-** The caller discovers how much space needs to be allocated by 
+** has already been allocated and is passed in as the p pointer.
+** The caller discovers how much space needs to be allocated by
 ** calling sqlite3PcacheSize().
 **
 ** szExtra is some extra space allocated for each page.  The first
@@ -47683,7 +49483,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_pcache_page *sqlite3PcacheFetch(
 /*
 ** If the sqlite3PcacheFetch() routine is unable to allocate a new
 ** page because no clean pages are available for reuse and the cache
-** size limit has been reached, then this routine can be invoked to 
+** size limit has been reached, then this routine can be invoked to
 ** try harder to allocate a page.  This routine might invoke the stress
 ** callback to spill dirty pages to the journal.  It will then try to
 ** allocate the new page and will only fail to allocate a new page on
@@ -47700,17 +49500,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheFetchStress(
   if( pCache->eCreate==2 ) return 0;
 
   if( sqlite3PcachePagecount(pCache)>pCache->szSpill ){
-    /* Find a dirty page to write-out and recycle. First try to find a 
+    /* Find a dirty page to write-out and recycle. First try to find a
     ** page that does not require a journal-sync (one with PGHDR_NEED_SYNC
-    ** cleared), but if that is not possible settle for any other 
+    ** cleared), but if that is not possible settle for any other
     ** unreferenced dirty page.
     **
     ** If the LRU page in the dirty list that has a clear PGHDR_NEED_SYNC
     ** flag is currently referenced, then the following may leave pSynced
     ** set incorrectly (pointing to other than the LRU page with NEED_SYNC
     ** cleared). This is Ok, as pSynced is just an optimization.  */
-    for(pPg=pCache->pSynced; 
-        pPg && (pPg->nRef || (pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)); 
+    for(pPg=pCache->pSynced;
+        pPg && (pPg->nRef || (pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC));
         pPg=pPg->pDirtyPrev
     );
     pCache->pSynced = pPg;
@@ -47720,7 +49520,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheFetchStress(
     if( pPg ){
       int rc;
 #ifdef SQLITE_LOG_CACHE_SPILL
-      sqlite3_log(SQLITE_FULL, 
+      sqlite3_log(SQLITE_FULL,
                   "spill page %d making room for %d - cache used: %d/%d",
                   pPg->pgno, pgno,
                   sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache2.xPagecount(pCache->pCache),
@@ -47905,7 +49705,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheClearSyncFlags(PCache *pCache){
 }
 
 /*
-** Change the page number of page p to newPgno. 
+** Change the page number of page p to newPgno.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheMove(PgHdr *p, Pgno newPgno){
   PCache *pCache = p->pCache;
@@ -47968,7 +49768,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheClose(PCache *pCache){
   sqlite3GlobalConfig.pcache2.xDestroy(pCache->pCache);
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Discard the contents of the cache.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheClear(PCache *pCache){
@@ -48059,7 +49859,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE PgHdr *sqlite3PcacheDirtyList(PCache *pCache){
   return pcacheSortDirtyList(pCache->pDirty);
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Return the total number of references to all pages held by the cache.
 **
 ** This is not the total number of pages referenced, but the sum of the
@@ -48076,7 +49876,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcachePageRefcount(PgHdr *p){
   return p->nRef;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Return the total number of pages in the cache.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcachePagecount(PCache *pCache){
@@ -48118,7 +49918,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheSetSpillsize(PCache *p, int mxPage){
     p->szSpill = mxPage;
   }
   res = numberOfCachePages(p);
-  if( res<p->szSpill ) res = p->szSpill; 
+  if( res<p->szSpill ) res = p->szSpill;
   return res;
 }
 
@@ -48148,6 +49948,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PCachePercentDirty(PCache *pCache){
   return nCache ? (int)(((i64)nDirty * 100) / nCache) : 0;
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
+/*
+** Return true if there are one or more dirty pages in the cache. Else false.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PCacheIsDirty(PCache *pCache){
+  return (pCache->pDirty!=0);
+}
+#endif
+
 #if defined(SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
 /*
 ** For all dirty pages currently in the cache, invoke the specified
@@ -48229,7 +50038,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheIterateDirty(PCache *pCache, void (*xIter)(PgHd
 **
 ** The third case is a chunk of heap memory (defaulting to 100 pages worth)
 ** that is allocated when the page cache is created.  The size of the local
-** bulk allocation can be adjusted using 
+** bulk allocation can be adjusted using
 **
 **     sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE, (void*)0, 0, N).
 **
@@ -48254,29 +50063,41 @@ typedef struct PgFreeslot PgFreeslot;
 typedef struct PGroup PGroup;
 
 /*
-** Each cache entry is represented by an instance of the following 
+** Each cache entry is represented by an instance of the following
 ** structure. Unless SQLITE_PCACHE_SEPARATE_HEADER is defined, a buffer of
-** PgHdr1.pCache->szPage bytes is allocated directly before this structure 
+** PgHdr1.pCache->szPage bytes is allocated directly before this structure
 ** in memory.
+**
+** Note: Variables isBulkLocal and isAnchor were once type "u8". That works,
+** but causes a 2-byte gap in the structure for most architectures (since
+** pointers must be either 4 or 8-byte aligned). As this structure is located
+** in memory directly after the associated page data, if the database is
+** corrupt, code at the b-tree layer may overread the page buffer and
+** read part of this structure before the corruption is detected. This
+** can cause a valgrind error if the unitialized gap is accessed. Using u16
+** ensures there is no such gap, and therefore no bytes of unitialized memory
+** in the structure.
 */
 struct PgHdr1 {
   sqlite3_pcache_page page;      /* Base class. Must be first. pBuf & pExtra */
   unsigned int iKey;             /* Key value (page number) */
-  u8 isBulkLocal;                /* This page from bulk local storage */
-  u8 isAnchor;                   /* This is the PGroup.lru element */
+  u16 isBulkLocal;               /* This page from bulk local storage */
+  u16 isAnchor;                  /* This is the PGroup.lru element */
   PgHdr1 *pNext;                 /* Next in hash table chain */
   PCache1 *pCache;               /* Cache that currently owns this page */
   PgHdr1 *pLruNext;              /* Next in LRU list of unpinned pages */
   PgHdr1 *pLruPrev;              /* Previous in LRU list of unpinned pages */
+                                 /* NB: pLruPrev is only valid if pLruNext!=0 */
 };
 
 /*
-** A page is pinned if it is no on the LRU list
+** A page is pinned if it is not on the LRU list.  To be "pinned" means
+** that the page is in active use and must not be deallocated.
 */
 #define PAGE_IS_PINNED(p)    ((p)->pLruNext==0)
 #define PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(p)  ((p)->pLruNext!=0)
 
-/* Each page cache (or PCache) belongs to a PGroup.  A PGroup is a set 
+/* Each page cache (or PCache) belongs to a PGroup.  A PGroup is a set
 ** of one or more PCaches that are able to recycle each other's unpinned
 ** pages when they are under memory pressure.  A PGroup is an instance of
 ** the following object.
@@ -48312,13 +50133,13 @@ struct PGroup {
 ** temporary or transient database) has a single page cache which
 ** is an instance of this object.
 **
-** Pointers to structures of this type are cast and returned as 
+** Pointers to structures of this type are cast and returned as
 ** opaque sqlite3_pcache* handles.
 */
 struct PCache1 {
   /* Cache configuration parameters. Page size (szPage) and the purgeable
   ** flag (bPurgeable) and the pnPurgeable pointer are all set when the
-  ** cache is created and are never changed thereafter. nMax may be 
+  ** cache is created and are never changed thereafter. nMax may be
   ** modified at any time by a call to the pcache1Cachesize() method.
   ** The PGroup mutex must be held when accessing nMax.
   */
@@ -48332,6 +50153,7 @@ struct PCache1 {
   unsigned int nMax;                  /* Configured "cache_size" value */
   unsigned int n90pct;                /* nMax*9/10 */
   unsigned int iMaxKey;               /* Largest key seen since xTruncate() */
+  unsigned int nPurgeableDummy;       /* pnPurgeable points here when not used*/
 
   /* Hash table of all pages. The following variables may only be accessed
   ** when the accessor is holding the PGroup mutex.
@@ -48365,7 +50187,7 @@ static SQLITE_WSD struct PCacheGlobal {
   */
   int isInit;                    /* True if initialized */
   int separateCache;             /* Use a new PGroup for each PCache */
-  int nInitPage;                 /* Initial bulk allocation size */   
+  int nInitPage;                 /* Initial bulk allocation size */
   int szSlot;                    /* Size of each free slot */
   int nSlot;                     /* The number of pcache slots */
   int nReserve;                  /* Try to keep nFreeSlot above this */
@@ -48406,7 +50228,7 @@ static SQLITE_WSD struct PCacheGlobal {
 
 
 /*
-** This function is called during initialization if a static buffer is 
+** This function is called during initialization if a static buffer is
 ** supplied to use for the page-cache by passing the SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE
 ** verb to sqlite3_config(). Parameter pBuf points to an allocation large
 ** enough to contain 'n' buffers of 'sz' bytes each.
@@ -48466,6 +50288,7 @@ static int pcache1InitBulk(PCache1 *pCache){
       pX->isBulkLocal = 1;
       pX->isAnchor = 0;
       pX->pNext = pCache->pFree;
+      pX->pLruPrev = 0;           /* Initializing this saves a valgrind error */
       pCache->pFree = pX;
       zBulk += pCache->szAlloc;
     }while( --nBulk );
@@ -48475,8 +50298,8 @@ static int pcache1InitBulk(PCache1 *pCache){
 
 /*
 ** Malloc function used within this file to allocate space from the buffer
-** configured using sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE) option. If no 
-** such buffer exists or there is no space left in it, this function falls 
+** configured using sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE) option. If no
+** such buffer exists or there is no space left in it, this function falls
 ** back to sqlite3Malloc().
 **
 ** Multiple threads can run this routine at the same time.  Global variables
@@ -48576,13 +50399,14 @@ static PgHdr1 *pcache1AllocPage(PCache1 *pCache, int benignMalloc){
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCache->pGroup->mutex) );
   if( pCache->pFree || (pCache->nPage==0 && pcache1InitBulk(pCache)) ){
+    assert( pCache->pFree!=0 );
     p = pCache->pFree;
     pCache->pFree = p->pNext;
     p->pNext = 0;
   }else{
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
     /* The group mutex must be released before pcache1Alloc() is called. This
-    ** is because it might call sqlite3_release_memory(), which assumes that 
+    ** is because it might call sqlite3_release_memory(), which assumes that
     ** this mutex is not held. */
     assert( pcache1.separateCache==0 );
     assert( pCache->pGroup==&pcache1.grp );
@@ -48599,13 +50423,15 @@ static PgHdr1 *pcache1AllocPage(PCache1 *pCache, int benignMalloc){
     }
 #else
     pPg = pcache1Alloc(pCache->szAlloc);
-    p = (PgHdr1 *)&((u8 *)pPg)[pCache->szPage];
 #endif
     if( benignMalloc ){ sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(); }
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
     pcache1EnterMutex(pCache->pGroup);
 #endif
     if( pPg==0 ) return 0;
+#ifndef SQLITE_PCACHE_SEPARATE_HEADER
+    p = (PgHdr1 *)&((u8 *)pPg)[pCache->szPage];
+#endif
     p->page.pBuf = pPg;
     p->page.pExtra = &p[1];
     p->isBulkLocal = 0;
@@ -48641,6 +50467,7 @@ static void pcache1FreePage(PgHdr1 *p){
 ** exists, this function falls back to sqlite3Malloc().
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int sz){
+  assert( sz<=65536+8 ); /* These allocations are never very large */
   return pcache1Alloc(sz);
 }
 
@@ -48720,7 +50547,7 @@ static void pcache1ResizeHash(PCache1 *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is used internally to remove the page pPage from the 
+** This function is used internally to remove the page pPage from the
 ** PGroup LRU list, if is part of it. If pPage is not part of the PGroup
 ** LRU list, then this function is a no-op.
 **
@@ -48735,7 +50562,8 @@ static PgHdr1 *pcache1PinPage(PgHdr1 *pPage){
   pPage->pLruPrev->pLruNext = pPage->pLruNext;
   pPage->pLruNext->pLruPrev = pPage->pLruPrev;
   pPage->pLruNext = 0;
-  pPage->pLruPrev = 0;
+  /* pPage->pLruPrev = 0;
+  ** No need to clear pLruPrev as it is never accessed if pLruNext is 0 */
   assert( pPage->isAnchor==0 );
   assert( pPage->pCache->pGroup->lru.isAnchor==1 );
   pPage->pCache->nRecyclable--;
@@ -48744,7 +50572,7 @@ static PgHdr1 *pcache1PinPage(PgHdr1 *pPage){
 
 
 /*
-** Remove the page supplied as an argument from the hash table 
+** Remove the page supplied as an argument from the hash table
 ** (PCache1.apHash structure) that it is currently stored in.
 ** Also free the page if freePage is true.
 **
@@ -48787,8 +50615,8 @@ static void pcache1EnforceMaxPage(PCache1 *pCache){
 }
 
 /*
-** Discard all pages from cache pCache with a page number (key value) 
-** greater than or equal to iLimit. Any pinned pages that meet this 
+** Discard all pages from cache pCache with a page number (key value)
+** greater than or equal to iLimit. Any pinned pages that meet this
 ** criteria are unpinned before they are discarded.
 **
 ** The PCache mutex must be held when this function is called.
@@ -48820,7 +50648,7 @@ static void pcache1TruncateUnsafe(
     PgHdr1 **pp;
     PgHdr1 *pPage;
     assert( h<pCache->nHash );
-    pp = &pCache->apHash[h]; 
+    pp = &pCache->apHash[h];
     while( (pPage = *pp)!=0 ){
       if( pPage->iKey>=iLimit ){
         pCache->nPage--;
@@ -48859,7 +50687,7 @@ static int pcache1Init(void *NotUsed){
   **
   **   *  Use a unified cache in single-threaded applications that have
   **      configured a start-time buffer for use as page-cache memory using
-  **      sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE, pBuf, sz, N) with non-NULL 
+  **      sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE, pBuf, sz, N) with non-NULL
   **      pBuf argument.
   **
   **   *  Otherwise use separate caches (mode-1)
@@ -48894,7 +50722,7 @@ static int pcache1Init(void *NotUsed){
 
 /*
 ** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xShutdown method.
-** Note that the static mutex allocated in xInit does 
+** Note that the static mutex allocated in xInit does
 ** not need to be freed.
 */
 static void pcache1Shutdown(void *NotUsed){
@@ -48928,6 +50756,7 @@ static sqlite3_pcache *pcache1Create(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable){
     }else{
       pGroup = &pcache1.grp;
     }
+    pcache1EnterMutex(pGroup);
     if( pGroup->lru.isAnchor==0 ){
       pGroup->lru.isAnchor = 1;
       pGroup->lru.pLruPrev = pGroup->lru.pLruNext = &pGroup->lru;
@@ -48937,7 +50766,6 @@ static sqlite3_pcache *pcache1Create(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable){
     pCache->szExtra = szExtra;
     pCache->szAlloc = szPage + szExtra + ROUND8(sizeof(PgHdr1));
     pCache->bPurgeable = (bPurgeable ? 1 : 0);
-    pcache1EnterMutex(pGroup);
     pcache1ResizeHash(pCache);
     if( bPurgeable ){
       pCache->nMin = 10;
@@ -48945,8 +50773,7 @@ static sqlite3_pcache *pcache1Create(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable){
       pGroup->mxPinned = pGroup->nMaxPage + 10 - pGroup->nMinPage;
       pCache->pnPurgeable = &pGroup->nPurgeable;
     }else{
-      static unsigned int dummyCurrentPage;
-      pCache->pnPurgeable = &dummyCurrentPage;
+      pCache->pnPurgeable = &pCache->nPurgeableDummy;
     }
     pcache1LeaveMutex(pGroup);
     if( pCache->nHash==0 ){
@@ -48958,7 +50785,7 @@ static sqlite3_pcache *pcache1Create(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable){
 }
 
 /*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xCachesize method. 
+** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xCachesize method.
 **
 ** Configure the cache_size limit for a cache.
 */
@@ -48977,7 +50804,7 @@ static void pcache1Cachesize(sqlite3_pcache *p, int nMax){
 }
 
 /*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xShrink method. 
+** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xShrink method.
 **
 ** Free up as much memory as possible.
 */
@@ -48996,7 +50823,7 @@ static void pcache1Shrink(sqlite3_pcache *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xPagecount method. 
+** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xPagecount method.
 */
 static int pcache1Pagecount(sqlite3_pcache *p){
   int n;
@@ -49017,8 +50844,8 @@ static int pcache1Pagecount(sqlite3_pcache *p){
 ** for these steps, the main pcache1Fetch() procedure can run faster.
 */
 static SQLITE_NOINLINE PgHdr1 *pcache1FetchStage2(
-  PCache1 *pCache, 
-  unsigned int iKey, 
+  PCache1 *pCache,
+  unsigned int iKey,
   int createFlag
 ){
   unsigned int nPinned;
@@ -49060,8 +50887,8 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE PgHdr1 *pcache1FetchStage2(
     }
   }
 
-  /* Step 5. If a usable page buffer has still not been found, 
-  ** attempt to allocate a new one. 
+  /* Step 5. If a usable page buffer has still not been found,
+  ** attempt to allocate a new one.
   */
   if( !pPage ){
     pPage = pcache1AllocPage(pCache, createFlag==1);
@@ -49073,8 +50900,9 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE PgHdr1 *pcache1FetchStage2(
     pPage->iKey = iKey;
     pPage->pNext = pCache->apHash[h];
     pPage->pCache = pCache;
-    pPage->pLruPrev = 0;
     pPage->pLruNext = 0;
+    /* pPage->pLruPrev = 0;
+    ** No need to clear pLruPrev since it is not accessed when pLruNext==0 */
     *(void **)pPage->page.pExtra = 0;
     pCache->apHash[h] = pPage;
     if( iKey>pCache->iMaxKey ){
@@ -49085,13 +50913,13 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE PgHdr1 *pcache1FetchStage2(
 }
 
 /*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xFetch method. 
+** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xFetch method.
 **
 ** Fetch a page by key value.
 **
 ** Whether or not a new page may be allocated by this function depends on
 ** the value of the createFlag argument.  0 means do not allocate a new
-** page.  1 means allocate a new page if space is easily available.  2 
+** page.  1 means allocate a new page if space is easily available.  2
 ** means to try really hard to allocate a new page.
 **
 ** For a non-purgeable cache (a cache used as the storage for an in-memory
@@ -49102,7 +50930,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE PgHdr1 *pcache1FetchStage2(
 ** There are three different approaches to obtaining space for a page,
 ** depending on the value of parameter createFlag (which may be 0, 1 or 2).
 **
-**   1. Regardless of the value of createFlag, the cache is searched for a 
+**   1. Regardless of the value of createFlag, the cache is searched for a
 **      copy of the requested page. If one is found, it is returned.
 **
 **   2. If createFlag==0 and the page is not already in the cache, NULL is
@@ -49116,13 +50944,13 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE PgHdr1 *pcache1FetchStage2(
 **           PCache1.nMax, or
 **
 **       (b) the number of pages pinned by the cache is greater than
-**           the sum of nMax for all purgeable caches, less the sum of 
+**           the sum of nMax for all purgeable caches, less the sum of
 **           nMin for all other purgeable caches, or
 **
 **   4. If none of the first three conditions apply and the cache is marked
 **      as purgeable, and if one of the following is true:
 **
-**       (a) The number of pages allocated for the cache is already 
+**       (a) The number of pages allocated for the cache is already
 **           PCache1.nMax, or
 **
 **       (b) The number of pages allocated for all purgeable caches is
@@ -49134,7 +50962,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE PgHdr1 *pcache1FetchStage2(
 **
 **      then attempt to recycle a page from the LRU list. If it is the right
 **      size, return the recycled buffer. Otherwise, free the buffer and
-**      proceed to step 5. 
+**      proceed to step 5.
 **
 **   5. Otherwise, allocate and return a new page buffer.
 **
@@ -49144,8 +50972,8 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE PgHdr1 *pcache1FetchStage2(
 ** invokes the appropriate routine.
 */
 static PgHdr1 *pcache1FetchNoMutex(
-  sqlite3_pcache *p, 
-  unsigned int iKey, 
+  sqlite3_pcache *p,
+  unsigned int iKey,
   int createFlag
 ){
   PCache1 *pCache = (PCache1 *)p;
@@ -49174,8 +51002,8 @@ static PgHdr1 *pcache1FetchNoMutex(
 }
 #if PCACHE1_MIGHT_USE_GROUP_MUTEX
 static PgHdr1 *pcache1FetchWithMutex(
-  sqlite3_pcache *p, 
-  unsigned int iKey, 
+  sqlite3_pcache *p,
+  unsigned int iKey,
   int createFlag
 ){
   PCache1 *pCache = (PCache1 *)p;
@@ -49189,8 +51017,8 @@ static PgHdr1 *pcache1FetchWithMutex(
 }
 #endif
 static sqlite3_pcache_page *pcache1Fetch(
-  sqlite3_pcache *p, 
-  unsigned int iKey, 
+  sqlite3_pcache *p,
+  unsigned int iKey,
   int createFlag
 ){
 #if PCACHE1_MIGHT_USE_GROUP_MUTEX || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
@@ -49220,21 +51048,21 @@ static sqlite3_pcache_page *pcache1Fetch(
 ** Mark a page as unpinned (eligible for asynchronous recycling).
 */
 static void pcache1Unpin(
-  sqlite3_pcache *p, 
-  sqlite3_pcache_page *pPg, 
+  sqlite3_pcache *p,
+  sqlite3_pcache_page *pPg,
   int reuseUnlikely
 ){
   PCache1 *pCache = (PCache1 *)p;
   PgHdr1 *pPage = (PgHdr1 *)pPg;
   PGroup *pGroup = pCache->pGroup;
- 
+
   assert( pPage->pCache==pCache );
   pcache1EnterMutex(pGroup);
 
-  /* It is an error to call this function if the page is already 
+  /* It is an error to call this function if the page is already
   ** part of the PGroup LRU list.
   */
-  assert( pPage->pLruPrev==0 && pPage->pLruNext==0 );
+  assert( pPage->pLruNext==0 );
   assert( PAGE_IS_PINNED(pPage) );
 
   if( reuseUnlikely || pGroup->nPurgeable>pGroup->nMaxPage ){
@@ -49252,7 +51080,7 @@ static void pcache1Unpin(
 }
 
 /*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xRekey method. 
+** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xRekey method.
 */
 static void pcache1Rekey(
   sqlite3_pcache *p,
@@ -49263,7 +51091,7 @@ static void pcache1Rekey(
   PCache1 *pCache = (PCache1 *)p;
   PgHdr1 *pPage = (PgHdr1 *)pPg;
   PgHdr1 **pp;
-  unsigned int h; 
+  unsigned int h;
   assert( pPage->iKey==iOld );
   assert( pPage->pCache==pCache );
 
@@ -49288,7 +51116,7 @@ static void pcache1Rekey(
 }
 
 /*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xTruncate method. 
+** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xTruncate method.
 **
 ** Discard all unpinned pages in the cache with a page number equal to
 ** or greater than parameter iLimit. Any pinned pages with a page number
@@ -49305,7 +51133,7 @@ static void pcache1Truncate(sqlite3_pcache *p, unsigned int iLimit){
 }
 
 /*
-** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xDestroy method. 
+** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xDestroy method.
 **
 ** Destroy a cache allocated using pcache1Create().
 */
@@ -49371,7 +51199,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void){
 ** by the current thread may be sqlite3_free()ed.
 **
 ** nReq is the number of bytes of memory required. Once this much has
-** been released, the function returns. The return value is the total number 
+** been released, the function returns. The return value is the total number
 ** of bytes of memory released.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheReleaseMemory(int nReq){
@@ -49462,7 +51290,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheStats(
 ** extracts the least value from the RowSet.
 **
 ** The INSERT primitive might allocate additional memory.  Memory is
-** allocated in chunks so most INSERTs do no allocation.  There is an 
+** allocated in chunks so most INSERTs do no allocation.  There is an
 ** upper bound on the size of allocated memory.  No memory is freed
 ** until DESTROY.
 **
@@ -49510,7 +51338,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheStats(
 ** in the list, pLeft points to the tree, and v is unused.  The
 ** RowSet.pForest value points to the head of this forest list.
 */
-struct RowSetEntry {            
+struct RowSetEntry {
   i64 v;                        /* ROWID value for this entry */
   struct RowSetEntry *pRight;   /* Right subtree (larger entries) or list */
   struct RowSetEntry *pLeft;    /* Left subtree (smaller entries) */
@@ -49604,7 +51432,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RowSetDelete(void *pArg){
 /*
 ** Allocate a new RowSetEntry object that is associated with the
 ** given RowSet.  Return a pointer to the new and completely uninitialized
-** objected.
+** object.
 **
 ** In an OOM situation, the RowSet.db->mallocFailed flag is set and this
 ** routine returns NULL.
@@ -49662,7 +51490,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet *p, i64 rowid){
 /*
 ** Merge two lists of RowSetEntry objects.  Remove duplicates.
 **
-** The input lists are connected via pRight pointers and are 
+** The input lists are connected via pRight pointers and are
 ** assumed to each already be in sorted order.
 */
 static struct RowSetEntry *rowSetEntryMerge(
@@ -49699,7 +51527,7 @@ static struct RowSetEntry *rowSetEntryMerge(
 /*
 ** Sort all elements on the list of RowSetEntry objects into order of
 ** increasing v.
-*/ 
+*/
 static struct RowSetEntry *rowSetEntrySort(struct RowSetEntry *pIn){
   unsigned int i;
   struct RowSetEntry *pNext, *aBucket[40];
@@ -49772,7 +51600,7 @@ static struct RowSetEntry *rowSetNDeepTree(
   struct RowSetEntry *pLeft;     /* Left subtree */
   if( *ppList==0 ){ /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE*/
     /* Prevent unnecessary deep recursion when we run out of entries */
-    return 0; 
+    return 0;
   }
   if( iDepth>1 ){   /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE*/
     /* This branch causes a *balanced* tree to be generated.  A valid tree
@@ -49880,7 +51708,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet *pRowSet, int iBatch, sqlite3_int64
     if( p ){
       struct RowSetEntry **ppPrevTree = &pRowSet->pForest;
       if( (pRowSet->rsFlags & ROWSET_SORTED)==0 ){ /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
-        /* Only sort the current set of entiries if they need it */
+        /* Only sort the current set of entries if they need it */
         p = rowSetEntrySort(p);
       }
       for(pTree = pRowSet->pForest; pTree; pTree=pTree->pRight){
@@ -49942,7 +51770,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet *pRowSet, int iBatch, sqlite3_int64
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This is the implementation of the page cache subsystem or "pager".
-** 
+**
 ** The pager is used to access a database disk file.  It implements
 ** atomic commit and rollback through the use of a journal file that
 ** is separate from the database file.  The pager also implements file
@@ -49965,8 +51793,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet *pRowSet, int iBatch, sqlite3_int64
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
-** This header file defines the interface to the write-ahead logging 
-** system. Refer to the comments below and the header comment attached to 
+** This header file defines the interface to the write-ahead logging
+** system. Refer to the comments below and the header comment attached to
 ** the implementation of each function in log.c for further details.
 */
 
@@ -50005,8 +51833,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet *pRowSet, int iBatch, sqlite3_int64
 
 #define WAL_SAVEPOINT_NDATA 4
 
-/* Connection to a write-ahead log (WAL) file. 
-** There is one object of this type for each pager. 
+/* Connection to a write-ahead log (WAL) file.
+** There is one object of this type for each pager.
 */
 typedef struct Wal Wal;
 
@@ -50017,7 +51845,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalClose(Wal *pWal, sqlite3*, int sync_flags, int, u8
 /* Set the limiting size of a WAL file. */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WalLimit(Wal*, i64);
 
-/* Used by readers to open (lock) and close (unlock) a snapshot.  A 
+/* Used by readers to open (lock) and close (unlock) a snapshot.  A
 ** snapshot is like a read-transaction.  It is the state of the database
 ** at an instant in time.  sqlite3WalOpenSnapshot gets a read lock and
 ** preserves the current state even if the other threads or processes
@@ -50052,7 +51880,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalSavepointUndo(Wal *pWal, u32 *aWalData);
 /* Write a frame or frames to the log. */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalFrames(Wal *pWal, int, PgHdr *, Pgno, int, int);
 
-/* Copy pages from the log to the database file */ 
+/* Copy pages from the log to the database file */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalCheckpoint(
   Wal *pWal,                      /* Write-ahead log connection */
   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Check this handle's interrupt flag */
@@ -50080,7 +51908,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalExclusiveMode(Wal *pWal, int op);
 
 /* Return true if the argument is non-NULL and the WAL module is using
 ** heap-memory for the wal-index. Otherwise, if the argument is NULL or the
-** WAL module is using shared-memory, return false. 
+** WAL module is using shared-memory, return false.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalHeapMemory(Wal *pWal);
 
@@ -50102,6 +51930,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalFramesize(Wal *pWal);
 /* Return the sqlite3_file object for the WAL file */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3WalFile(Wal *pWal);
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalWriteLock(Wal *pWal, int bLock);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WalDb(Wal *pWal, sqlite3 *db);
+#endif
+
 #endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */
 #endif /* SQLITE_WAL_H */
 
@@ -50122,60 +51955,60 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3WalFile(Wal *pWal);
 **
 ** Definition:  A page of the database file is said to be "overwriteable" if
 ** one or more of the following are true about the page:
-** 
+**
 **     (a)  The original content of the page as it was at the beginning of
 **          the transaction has been written into the rollback journal and
 **          synced.
-** 
+**
 **     (b)  The page was a freelist leaf page at the start of the transaction.
-** 
+**
 **     (c)  The page number is greater than the largest page that existed in
 **          the database file at the start of the transaction.
-** 
+**
 ** (1) A page of the database file is never overwritten unless one of the
 **     following are true:
-** 
+**
 **     (a) The page and all other pages on the same sector are overwriteable.
-** 
+**
 **     (b) The atomic page write optimization is enabled, and the entire
 **         transaction other than the update of the transaction sequence
 **         number consists of a single page change.
-** 
+**
 ** (2) The content of a page written into the rollback journal exactly matches
 **     both the content in the database when the rollback journal was written
 **     and the content in the database at the beginning of the current
 **     transaction.
-** 
+**
 ** (3) Writes to the database file are an integer multiple of the page size
 **     in length and are aligned on a page boundary.
-** 
+**
 ** (4) Reads from the database file are either aligned on a page boundary and
 **     an integer multiple of the page size in length or are taken from the
 **     first 100 bytes of the database file.
-** 
+**
 ** (5) All writes to the database file are synced prior to the rollback journal
 **     being deleted, truncated, or zeroed.
-** 
-** (6) If a master journal file is used, then all writes to the database file
-**     are synced prior to the master journal being deleted.
-** 
+**
+** (6) If a super-journal file is used, then all writes to the database file
+**     are synced prior to the super-journal being deleted.
+**
 ** Definition: Two databases (or the same database at two points it time)
 ** are said to be "logically equivalent" if they give the same answer to
 ** all queries.  Note in particular the content of freelist leaf
 ** pages can be changed arbitrarily without affecting the logical equivalence
 ** of the database.
-** 
+**
 ** (7) At any time, if any subset, including the empty set and the total set,
-**     of the unsynced changes to a rollback journal are removed and the 
+**     of the unsynced changes to a rollback journal are removed and the
 **     journal is rolled back, the resulting database file will be logically
 **     equivalent to the database file at the beginning of the transaction.
-** 
+**
 ** (8) When a transaction is rolled back, the xTruncate method of the VFS
 **     is called to restore the database file to the same size it was at
 **     the beginning of the transaction.  (In some VFSes, the xTruncate
 **     method is a no-op, but that does not change the fact the SQLite will
 **     invoke it.)
-** 
+**
 ** (9) Whenever the database file is modified, at least one bit in the range
 **     of bytes from 24 through 39 inclusive will be changed prior to releasing
 **     the EXCLUSIVE lock, thus signaling other connections on the same
@@ -50208,7 +52041,7 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 
 /*
 ** The following two macros are used within the PAGERTRACE() macros above
-** to print out file-descriptors. 
+** to print out file-descriptors.
 **
 ** PAGERID() takes a pointer to a Pager struct as its argument. The
 ** associated file-descriptor is returned. FILEHANDLEID() takes an sqlite3_file
@@ -50229,7 +52062,7 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 **               |              |                |
 **               |              V                |
 **               |<-------WRITER_LOCKED------> ERROR
-**               |              |                ^  
+**               |              |                ^
 **               |              V                |
 **               |<------WRITER_CACHEMOD-------->|
 **               |              |                |
@@ -50241,7 +52074,7 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 **
 **
 ** List of state transitions and the C [function] that performs each:
-** 
+**
 **   OPEN              -> READER              [sqlite3PagerSharedLock]
 **   READER            -> OPEN                [pager_unlock]
 **
@@ -50253,7 +52086,7 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 **
 **   WRITER_***        -> ERROR               [pager_error]
 **   ERROR             -> OPEN                [pager_unlock]
-** 
+**
 **
 **  OPEN:
 **
@@ -50267,9 +52100,9 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 **
 **  READER:
 **
-**    In this state all the requirements for reading the database in 
+**    In this state all the requirements for reading the database in
 **    rollback (non-WAL) mode are met. Unless the pager is (or recently
-**    was) in exclusive-locking mode, a user-level read transaction is 
+**    was) in exclusive-locking mode, a user-level read transaction is
 **    open. The database size is known in this state.
 **
 **    A connection running with locking_mode=normal enters this state when
@@ -50279,28 +52112,28 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 **    this state even after the read-transaction is closed. The only way
 **    a locking_mode=exclusive connection can transition from READER to OPEN
 **    is via the ERROR state (see below).
-** 
+**
 **    * A read transaction may be active (but a write-transaction cannot).
 **    * A SHARED or greater lock is held on the database file.
-**    * The dbSize variable may be trusted (even if a user-level read 
+**    * The dbSize variable may be trusted (even if a user-level read
 **      transaction is not active). The dbOrigSize and dbFileSize variables
 **      may not be trusted at this point.
 **    * If the database is a WAL database, then the WAL connection is open.
-**    * Even if a read-transaction is not open, it is guaranteed that 
+**    * Even if a read-transaction is not open, it is guaranteed that
 **      there is no hot-journal in the file-system.
 **
 **  WRITER_LOCKED:
 **
 **    The pager moves to this state from READER when a write-transaction
-**    is first opened on the database. In WRITER_LOCKED state, all locks 
-**    required to start a write-transaction are held, but no actual 
+**    is first opened on the database. In WRITER_LOCKED state, all locks
+**    required to start a write-transaction are held, but no actual
 **    modifications to the cache or database have taken place.
 **
-**    In rollback mode, a RESERVED or (if the transaction was opened with 
+**    In rollback mode, a RESERVED or (if the transaction was opened with
 **    BEGIN EXCLUSIVE) EXCLUSIVE lock is obtained on the database file when
-**    moving to this state, but the journal file is not written to or opened 
-**    to in this state. If the transaction is committed or rolled back while 
-**    in WRITER_LOCKED state, all that is required is to unlock the database 
+**    moving to this state, but the journal file is not written to or opened
+**    to in this state. If the transaction is committed or rolled back while
+**    in WRITER_LOCKED state, all that is required is to unlock the database
 **    file.
 **
 **    IN WAL mode, WalBeginWriteTransaction() is called to lock the log file.
@@ -50308,7 +52141,7 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 **    is made to obtain an EXCLUSIVE lock on the database file.
 **
 **    * A write transaction is active.
-**    * If the connection is open in rollback-mode, a RESERVED or greater 
+**    * If the connection is open in rollback-mode, a RESERVED or greater
 **      lock is held on the database file.
 **    * If the connection is open in WAL-mode, a WAL write transaction
 **      is open (i.e. sqlite3WalBeginWriteTransaction() has been successfully
@@ -50327,7 +52160,7 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 **
 **    * A write transaction is active.
 **    * A RESERVED or greater lock is held on the database file.
-**    * The journal file is open and the first header has been written 
+**    * The journal file is open and the first header has been written
 **      to it, but the header has not been synced to disk.
 **    * The contents of the page cache have been modified.
 **
@@ -50340,7 +52173,7 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 **
 **    * A write transaction is active.
 **    * An EXCLUSIVE or greater lock is held on the database file.
-**    * The journal file is open and the first header has been written 
+**    * The journal file is open and the first header has been written
 **      and synced to disk.
 **    * The contents of the page cache have been modified (and possibly
 **      written to disk).
@@ -50352,8 +52185,8 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 **    A rollback-mode pager changes to WRITER_FINISHED state from WRITER_DBMOD
 **    state after the entire transaction has been successfully written into the
 **    database file. In this state the transaction may be committed simply
-**    by finalizing the journal file. Once in WRITER_FINISHED state, it is 
-**    not possible to modify the database further. At this point, the upper 
+**    by finalizing the journal file. Once in WRITER_FINISHED state, it is
+**    not possible to modify the database further. At this point, the upper
 **    layer must either commit or rollback the transaction.
 **
 **    * A write transaction is active.
@@ -50361,19 +52194,19 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 **    * All writing and syncing of journal and database data has finished.
 **      If no error occurred, all that remains is to finalize the journal to
 **      commit the transaction. If an error did occur, the caller will need
-**      to rollback the transaction. 
+**      to rollback the transaction.
 **
 **  ERROR:
 **
 **    The ERROR state is entered when an IO or disk-full error (including
-**    SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM) occurs at a point in the code that makes it 
-**    difficult to be sure that the in-memory pager state (cache contents, 
+**    SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM) occurs at a point in the code that makes it
+**    difficult to be sure that the in-memory pager state (cache contents,
 **    db size etc.) are consistent with the contents of the file-system.
 **
 **    Temporary pager files may enter the ERROR state, but in-memory pagers
 **    cannot.
 **
-**    For example, if an IO error occurs while performing a rollback, 
+**    For example, if an IO error occurs while performing a rollback,
 **    the contents of the page-cache may be left in an inconsistent state.
 **    At this point it would be dangerous to change back to READER state
 **    (as usually happens after a rollback). Any subsequent readers might
@@ -50383,13 +52216,13 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 **    instead of READER following such an error.
 **
 **    Once it has entered the ERROR state, any attempt to use the pager
-**    to read or write data returns an error. Eventually, once all 
+**    to read or write data returns an error. Eventually, once all
 **    outstanding transactions have been abandoned, the pager is able to
-**    transition back to OPEN state, discarding the contents of the 
+**    transition back to OPEN state, discarding the contents of the
 **    page-cache and any other in-memory state at the same time. Everything
 **    is reloaded from disk (and, if necessary, hot-journal rollback peformed)
 **    when a read-transaction is next opened on the pager (transitioning
-**    the pager into READER state). At that point the system has recovered 
+**    the pager into READER state). At that point the system has recovered
 **    from the error.
 **
 **    Specifically, the pager jumps into the ERROR state if:
@@ -50405,21 +52238,21 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 **         memory.
 **
 **    In other cases, the error is returned to the b-tree layer. The b-tree
-**    layer then attempts a rollback operation. If the error condition 
+**    layer then attempts a rollback operation. If the error condition
 **    persists, the pager enters the ERROR state via condition (1) above.
 **
 **    Condition (3) is necessary because it can be triggered by a read-only
 **    statement executed within a transaction. In this case, if the error
 **    code were simply returned to the user, the b-tree layer would not
 **    automatically attempt a rollback, as it assumes that an error in a
-**    read-only statement cannot leave the pager in an internally inconsistent 
+**    read-only statement cannot leave the pager in an internally inconsistent
 **    state.
 **
 **    * The Pager.errCode variable is set to something other than SQLITE_OK.
 **    * There are one or more outstanding references to pages (after the
 **      last reference is dropped the pager should move back to OPEN state).
 **    * The pager is not an in-memory pager.
-**    
+**
 **
 ** Notes:
 **
@@ -50429,7 +52262,7 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 **
 **   * Normally, a connection open in exclusive mode is never in PAGER_OPEN
 **     state. There are two exceptions: immediately after exclusive-mode has
-**     been turned on (and before any read or write transactions are 
+**     been turned on (and before any read or write transactions are
 **     executed), and when the pager is leaving the "error state".
 **
 **   * See also: assert_pager_state().
@@ -50443,7 +52276,7 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 #define PAGER_ERROR                 6
 
 /*
-** The Pager.eLock variable is almost always set to one of the 
+** The Pager.eLock variable is almost always set to one of the
 ** following locking-states, according to the lock currently held on
 ** the database file: NO_LOCK, SHARED_LOCK, RESERVED_LOCK or EXCLUSIVE_LOCK.
 ** This variable is kept up to date as locks are taken and released by
@@ -50458,20 +52291,20 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 ** to a less exclusive (lower) value than the lock that is actually held
 ** at the system level, but it is never set to a more exclusive value.
 **
-** This is usually safe. If an xUnlock fails or appears to fail, there may 
+** This is usually safe. If an xUnlock fails or appears to fail, there may
 ** be a few redundant xLock() calls or a lock may be held for longer than
 ** required, but nothing really goes wrong.
 **
 ** The exception is when the database file is unlocked as the pager moves
-** from ERROR to OPEN state. At this point there may be a hot-journal file 
+** from ERROR to OPEN state. At this point there may be a hot-journal file
 ** in the file-system that needs to be rolled back (as part of an OPEN->SHARED
 ** transition, by the same pager or any other). If the call to xUnlock()
 ** fails at this point and the pager is left holding an EXCLUSIVE lock, this
 ** can confuse the call to xCheckReservedLock() call made later as part
 ** of hot-journal detection.
 **
-** xCheckReservedLock() is defined as returning true "if there is a RESERVED 
-** lock held by this process or any others". So xCheckReservedLock may 
+** xCheckReservedLock() is defined as returning true "if there is a RESERVED
+** lock held by this process or any others". So xCheckReservedLock may
 ** return true because the caller itself is holding an EXCLUSIVE lock (but
 ** doesn't know it because of a previous error in xUnlock). If this happens
 ** a hot-journal may be mistaken for a journal being created by an active
@@ -50482,32 +52315,18 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 ** database in the ERROR state, Pager.eLock is set to UNKNOWN_LOCK. It
 ** is only changed back to a real locking state after a successful call
 ** to xLock(EXCLUSIVE). Also, the code to do the OPEN->SHARED state transition
-** omits the check for a hot-journal if Pager.eLock is set to UNKNOWN_LOCK 
+** omits the check for a hot-journal if Pager.eLock is set to UNKNOWN_LOCK
 ** lock. Instead, it assumes a hot-journal exists and obtains an EXCLUSIVE
 ** lock on the database file before attempting to roll it back. See function
 ** PagerSharedLock() for more detail.
 **
-** Pager.eLock may only be set to UNKNOWN_LOCK when the pager is in 
+** Pager.eLock may only be set to UNKNOWN_LOCK when the pager is in
 ** PAGER_OPEN state.
 */
 #define UNKNOWN_LOCK                (EXCLUSIVE_LOCK+1)
 
 /*
-** A macro used for invoking the codec if there is one
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-# define CODEC1(P,D,N,X,E) \
-    if( P->xCodec && P->xCodec(P->pCodec,D,N,X)==0 ){ E; }
-# define CODEC2(P,D,N,X,E,O) \
-    if( P->xCodec==0 ){ O=(char*)D; }else \
-    if( (O=(char*)(P->xCodec(P->pCodec,D,N,X)))==0 ){ E; }
-#else
-# define CODEC1(P,D,N,X,E)   /* NO-OP */
-# define CODEC2(P,D,N,X,E,O) O=(char*)D
-#endif
-
-/*
-** The maximum allowed sector size. 64KiB. If the xSectorsize() method 
+** The maximum allowed sector size. 64KiB. If the xSectorsize() method
 ** returns a value larger than this, then MAX_SECTOR_SIZE is used instead.
 ** This could conceivably cause corruption following a power failure on
 ** such a system. This is currently an undocumented limit.
@@ -50523,7 +52342,7 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 **
 ** When a savepoint is created, the PagerSavepoint.iHdrOffset field is
 ** set to 0. If a journal-header is written into the main journal while
-** the savepoint is active, then iHdrOffset is set to the byte offset 
+** the savepoint is active, then iHdrOffset is set to the byte offset
 ** immediately following the last journal record written into the main
 ** journal before the journal-header. This is required during savepoint
 ** rollback (see pagerPlaybackSavepoint()).
@@ -50573,44 +52392,44 @@ struct PagerSavepoint {
 **
 ** changeCountDone
 **
-**   This boolean variable is used to make sure that the change-counter 
-**   (the 4-byte header field at byte offset 24 of the database file) is 
-**   not updated more often than necessary. 
+**   This boolean variable is used to make sure that the change-counter
+**   (the 4-byte header field at byte offset 24 of the database file) is
+**   not updated more often than necessary.
 **
-**   It is set to true when the change-counter field is updated, which 
+**   It is set to true when the change-counter field is updated, which
 **   can only happen if an exclusive lock is held on the database file.
-**   It is cleared (set to false) whenever an exclusive lock is 
+**   It is cleared (set to false) whenever an exclusive lock is
 **   relinquished on the database file. Each time a transaction is committed,
 **   The changeCountDone flag is inspected. If it is true, the work of
 **   updating the change-counter is omitted for the current transaction.
 **
-**   This mechanism means that when running in exclusive mode, a connection 
+**   This mechanism means that when running in exclusive mode, a connection
 **   need only update the change-counter once, for the first transaction
 **   committed.
 **
-** setMaster
+** setSuper
 **
 **   When PagerCommitPhaseOne() is called to commit a transaction, it may
-**   (or may not) specify a master-journal name to be written into the 
+**   (or may not) specify a super-journal name to be written into the
 **   journal file before it is synced to disk.
 **
-**   Whether or not a journal file contains a master-journal pointer affects 
-**   the way in which the journal file is finalized after the transaction is 
+**   Whether or not a journal file contains a super-journal pointer affects
+**   the way in which the journal file is finalized after the transaction is
 **   committed or rolled back when running in "journal_mode=PERSIST" mode.
-**   If a journal file does not contain a master-journal pointer, it is
+**   If a journal file does not contain a super-journal pointer, it is
 **   finalized by overwriting the first journal header with zeroes. If
-**   it does contain a master-journal pointer the journal file is finalized 
-**   by truncating it to zero bytes, just as if the connection were 
+**   it does contain a super-journal pointer the journal file is finalized
+**   by truncating it to zero bytes, just as if the connection were
 **   running in "journal_mode=truncate" mode.
 **
-**   Journal files that contain master journal pointers cannot be finalized
+**   Journal files that contain super-journal pointers cannot be finalized
 **   simply by overwriting the first journal-header with zeroes, as the
-**   master journal pointer could interfere with hot-journal rollback of any
+**   super-journal pointer could interfere with hot-journal rollback of any
 **   subsequently interrupted transaction that reuses the journal file.
 **
 **   The flag is cleared as soon as the journal file is finalized (either
 **   by PagerCommitPhaseTwo or PagerRollback). If an IO error prevents the
-**   journal file from being successfully finalized, the setMaster flag
+**   journal file from being successfully finalized, the setSuper flag
 **   is cleared anyway (and the pager will move to ERROR state).
 **
 ** doNotSpill
@@ -50626,12 +52445,12 @@ struct PagerSavepoint {
 **   to allocate a new page to prevent the journal file from being written
 **   while it is being traversed by code in pager_playback().  The SPILLFLAG_OFF
 **   case is a user preference.
-** 
+**
 **   If the SPILLFLAG_NOSYNC bit is set, writing to the database from
 **   pagerStress() is permitted, but syncing the journal file is not.
 **   This flag is set by sqlite3PagerWrite() when the file-system sector-size
 **   is larger than the database page-size in order to prevent a journal sync
-**   from happening in between the journalling of two pages on the same sector. 
+**   from happening in between the journalling of two pages on the same sector.
 **
 ** subjInMemory
 **
@@ -50639,16 +52458,16 @@ struct PagerSavepoint {
 **   is opened as an in-memory journal file. If false, then in-memory
 **   sub-journals are only used for in-memory pager files.
 **
-**   This variable is updated by the upper layer each time a new 
+**   This variable is updated by the upper layer each time a new
 **   write-transaction is opened.
 **
 ** dbSize, dbOrigSize, dbFileSize
 **
 **   Variable dbSize is set to the number of pages in the database file.
 **   It is valid in PAGER_READER and higher states (all states except for
-**   OPEN and ERROR). 
+**   OPEN and ERROR).
 **
-**   dbSize is set based on the size of the database file, which may be 
+**   dbSize is set based on the size of the database file, which may be
 **   larger than the size of the database (the value stored at offset
 **   28 of the database header by the btree). If the size of the file
 **   is not an integer multiple of the page-size, the value stored in
@@ -50659,10 +52478,10 @@ struct PagerSavepoint {
 **
 **   During a write-transaction, if pages with page-numbers greater than
 **   dbSize are modified in the cache, dbSize is updated accordingly.
-**   Similarly, if the database is truncated using PagerTruncateImage(), 
+**   Similarly, if the database is truncated using PagerTruncateImage(),
 **   dbSize is updated.
 **
-**   Variables dbOrigSize and dbFileSize are valid in states 
+**   Variables dbOrigSize and dbFileSize are valid in states
 **   PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED and higher. dbOrigSize is a copy of the dbSize
 **   variable at the start of the transaction. It is used during rollback,
 **   and to determine whether or not pages need to be journalled before
@@ -50671,12 +52490,12 @@ struct PagerSavepoint {
 **   Throughout a write-transaction, dbFileSize contains the size of
 **   the file on disk in pages. It is set to a copy of dbSize when the
 **   write-transaction is first opened, and updated when VFS calls are made
-**   to write or truncate the database file on disk. 
+**   to write or truncate the database file on disk.
 **
-**   The only reason the dbFileSize variable is required is to suppress 
-**   unnecessary calls to xTruncate() after committing a transaction. If, 
-**   when a transaction is committed, the dbFileSize variable indicates 
-**   that the database file is larger than the database image (Pager.dbSize), 
+**   The only reason the dbFileSize variable is required is to suppress
+**   unnecessary calls to xTruncate() after committing a transaction. If,
+**   when a transaction is committed, the dbFileSize variable indicates
+**   that the database file is larger than the database image (Pager.dbSize),
 **   pager_truncate() is called. The pager_truncate() call uses xFilesize()
 **   to measure the database file on disk, and then truncates it if required.
 **   dbFileSize is not used when rolling back a transaction. In this case
@@ -50687,20 +52506,20 @@ struct PagerSavepoint {
 ** dbHintSize
 **
 **   The dbHintSize variable is used to limit the number of calls made to
-**   the VFS xFileControl(FCNTL_SIZE_HINT) method. 
+**   the VFS xFileControl(FCNTL_SIZE_HINT) method.
 **
 **   dbHintSize is set to a copy of the dbSize variable when a
 **   write-transaction is opened (at the same time as dbFileSize and
 **   dbOrigSize). If the xFileControl(FCNTL_SIZE_HINT) method is called,
 **   dbHintSize is increased to the number of pages that correspond to the
-**   size-hint passed to the method call. See pager_write_pagelist() for 
+**   size-hint passed to the method call. See pager_write_pagelist() for
 **   details.
 **
 ** errCode
 **
 **   The Pager.errCode variable is only ever used in PAGER_ERROR state. It
-**   is set to zero in all other states. In PAGER_ERROR state, Pager.errCode 
-**   is always set to SQLITE_FULL, SQLITE_IOERR or one of the SQLITE_IOERR_XXX 
+**   is set to zero in all other states. In PAGER_ERROR state, Pager.errCode
+**   is always set to SQLITE_FULL, SQLITE_IOERR or one of the SQLITE_IOERR_XXX
 **   sub-codes.
 **
 ** syncFlags, walSyncFlags
@@ -50742,7 +52561,7 @@ struct Pager {
   u8 eState;                  /* Pager state (OPEN, READER, WRITER_LOCKED..) */
   u8 eLock;                   /* Current lock held on database file */
   u8 changeCountDone;         /* Set after incrementing the change-counter */
-  u8 setMaster;               /* True if a m-j name has been written to jrnl */
+  u8 setSuper;                /* Super-jrnl name is written into jrnl */
   u8 doNotSpill;              /* Do not spill the cache when non-zero */
   u8 subjInMemory;            /* True to use in-memory sub-journals */
   u8 bUseFetch;               /* True to use xFetch() */
@@ -50791,12 +52610,6 @@ struct Pager {
 #endif
   void (*xReiniter)(DbPage*); /* Call this routine when reloading pages */
   int (*xGet)(Pager*,Pgno,DbPage**,int); /* Routine to fetch a patch */
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  void *(*xCodec)(void*,void*,Pgno,int); /* Routine for en/decoding data */
-  void (*xCodecSizeChng)(void*,int,int); /* Notify of page size changes */
-  void (*xCodecFree)(void*);             /* Destructor for the codec */
-  void *pCodec;               /* First argument to xCodec... methods */
-#endif
   char *pTmpSpace;            /* Pager.pageSize bytes of space for tmp use */
   PCache *pPCache;            /* Pointer to page cache object */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
@@ -50807,7 +52620,7 @@ struct Pager {
 
 /*
 ** Indexes for use with Pager.aStat[]. The Pager.aStat[] array contains
-** the values accessed by passing SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT, CACHE_MISS 
+** the values accessed by passing SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT, CACHE_MISS
 ** or CACHE_WRITE to sqlite3_db_status().
 */
 #define PAGER_STAT_HIT   0
@@ -50865,7 +52678,7 @@ static const unsigned char aJournalMagic[] = {
 #define JOURNAL_PG_SZ(pPager)  ((pPager->pageSize) + 8)
 
 /*
-** The journal header size for this pager. This is usually the same 
+** The journal header size for this pager. This is usually the same
 ** size as a single disk sector. See also setSectorSize().
 */
 #define JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager) (pPager->sectorSize)
@@ -50892,11 +52705,6 @@ static const unsigned char aJournalMagic[] = {
 # define USEFETCH(x) 0
 #endif
 
-/*
-** The maximum legal page number is (2^31 - 1).
-*/
-#define PAGER_MAX_PGNO 2147483647
-
 /*
 ** The argument to this macro is a file descriptor (type sqlite3_file*).
 ** Return 0 if it is not open, or non-zero (but not 1) if it is.
@@ -50911,19 +52719,30 @@ static const unsigned char aJournalMagic[] = {
 */
 #define isOpen(pFd) ((pFd)->pMethods!=0)
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
 /*
-** Return true if this pager uses a write-ahead log to read page pgno.
-** Return false if the pager reads pgno directly from the database.
+** Return true if page pgno can be read directly from the database file
+** by the b-tree layer. This is the case if:
+**
+**   * the database file is open,
+**   * there are no dirty pages in the cache, and
+**   * the desired page is not currently in the wal file.
 */
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL) && defined(SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerUseWal(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno){
-  u32 iRead = 0;
-  int rc;
-  if( pPager->pWal==0 ) return 0;
-  rc = sqlite3WalFindFrame(pPager->pWal, pgno, &iRead);
-  return rc || iRead;
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerDirectReadOk(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno){
+  if( pPager->fd->pMethods==0 ) return 0;
+  if( sqlite3PCacheIsDirty(pPager->pPCache) ) return 0;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
+  if( pPager->pWal ){
+    u32 iRead = 0;
+    int rc;
+    rc = sqlite3WalFindFrame(pPager->pWal, pgno, &iRead);
+    return (rc==SQLITE_OK && iRead==0);
+  }
+#endif
+  return 1;
 }
 #endif
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
 # define pagerUseWal(x) ((x)->pWal!=0)
 #else
@@ -50934,7 +52753,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerUseWal(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno){
 # define pagerBeginReadTransaction(z) SQLITE_OK
 #endif
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG 
+#ifndef NDEBUG
 /*
 ** Usage:
 **
@@ -50963,25 +52782,25 @@ static int assert_pager_state(Pager *p){
   assert( p->tempFile==0 || p->eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );
   assert( p->tempFile==0 || pPager->changeCountDone );
 
-  /* If the useJournal flag is clear, the journal-mode must be "OFF". 
+  /* If the useJournal flag is clear, the journal-mode must be "OFF".
   ** And if the journal-mode is "OFF", the journal file must not be open.
   */
   assert( p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF || p->useJournal );
   assert( p->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF || !isOpen(p->jfd) );
 
-  /* Check that MEMDB implies noSync. And an in-memory journal. Since 
-  ** this means an in-memory pager performs no IO at all, it cannot encounter 
-  ** either SQLITE_IOERR or SQLITE_FULL during rollback or while finalizing 
-  ** a journal file. (although the in-memory journal implementation may 
-  ** return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM while the journal file is being written). It 
-  ** is therefore not possible for an in-memory pager to enter the ERROR 
+  /* Check that MEMDB implies noSync. And an in-memory journal. Since
+  ** this means an in-memory pager performs no IO at all, it cannot encounter
+  ** either SQLITE_IOERR or SQLITE_FULL during rollback or while finalizing
+  ** a journal file. (although the in-memory journal implementation may
+  ** return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM while the journal file is being written). It
+  ** is therefore not possible for an in-memory pager to enter the ERROR
   ** state.
   */
   if( MEMDB ){
     assert( !isOpen(p->fd) );
     assert( p->noSync );
-    assert( p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF 
-         || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY 
+    assert( p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF
+         || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY
     );
     assert( p->eState!=PAGER_ERROR && p->eState!=PAGER_OPEN );
     assert( pagerUseWal(p)==0 );
@@ -51015,7 +52834,7 @@ static int assert_pager_state(Pager *p){
       assert( pPager->dbSize==pPager->dbOrigSize );
       assert( pPager->dbOrigSize==pPager->dbFileSize );
       assert( pPager->dbOrigSize==pPager->dbHintSize );
-      assert( pPager->setMaster==0 );
+      assert( pPager->setSuper==0 );
       break;
 
     case PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD:
@@ -51028,9 +52847,9 @@ static int assert_pager_state(Pager *p){
         ** to journal_mode=wal.
         */
         assert( p->eLock>=RESERVED_LOCK );
-        assert( isOpen(p->jfd) 
-             || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF 
-             || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL 
+        assert( isOpen(p->jfd)
+             || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF
+             || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL
         );
       }
       assert( pPager->dbOrigSize==pPager->dbFileSize );
@@ -51042,9 +52861,9 @@ static int assert_pager_state(Pager *p){
       assert( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK );
       assert( !pagerUseWal(pPager) );
       assert( p->eLock>=EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );
-      assert( isOpen(p->jfd) 
-           || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF 
-           || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL 
+      assert( isOpen(p->jfd)
+           || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF
+           || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL
            || (sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(p->fd)&SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC)
       );
       assert( pPager->dbOrigSize<=pPager->dbHintSize );
@@ -51054,9 +52873,9 @@ static int assert_pager_state(Pager *p){
       assert( p->eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );
       assert( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK );
       assert( !pagerUseWal(pPager) );
-      assert( isOpen(p->jfd) 
-           || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF 
-           || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL 
+      assert( isOpen(p->jfd)
+           || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF
+           || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL
            || (sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(p->fd)&SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC)
       );
       break;
@@ -51075,7 +52894,7 @@ static int assert_pager_state(Pager *p){
 }
 #endif /* ifndef NDEBUG */
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 /*
 ** Return a pointer to a human readable string in a static buffer
 ** containing the state of the Pager object passed as an argument. This
@@ -51145,11 +52964,7 @@ static void setGetterMethod(Pager *pPager){
   if( pPager->errCode ){
     pPager->xGet = getPageError;
 #if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
-  }else if( USEFETCH(pPager)
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-   && pPager->xCodec==0
-#endif
-  ){
+  }else if( USEFETCH(pPager) ){
     pPager->xGet = getPageMMap;
 #endif /* SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0 */
   }else{
@@ -51227,7 +53042,7 @@ static int write32bits(sqlite3_file *fd, i64 offset, u32 val){
 ** succeeds, set the Pager.eLock variable to match the (attempted) new lock.
 **
 ** Except, if Pager.eLock is set to UNKNOWN_LOCK when this function is
-** called, do not modify it. See the comment above the #define of 
+** called, do not modify it. See the comment above the #define of
 ** UNKNOWN_LOCK for an explanation of this.
 */
 static int pagerUnlockDb(Pager *pPager, int eLock){
@@ -51244,17 +53059,18 @@ static int pagerUnlockDb(Pager *pPager, int eLock){
     }
     IOTRACE(("UNLOCK %p %d\n", pPager, eLock))
   }
+  pPager->changeCountDone = pPager->tempFile; /* ticket fb3b3024ea238d5c */
   return rc;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Lock the database file to level eLock, which must be either SHARED_LOCK,
 ** RESERVED_LOCK or EXCLUSIVE_LOCK. If the caller is successful, set the
-** Pager.eLock variable to the new locking state. 
+** Pager.eLock variable to the new locking state.
 **
-** Except, if Pager.eLock is set to UNKNOWN_LOCK when this function is 
-** called, do not modify it unless the new locking state is EXCLUSIVE_LOCK. 
-** See the comment above the #define of UNKNOWN_LOCK for an explanation 
+** Except, if Pager.eLock is set to UNKNOWN_LOCK when this function is
+** called, do not modify it unless the new locking state is EXCLUSIVE_LOCK.
+** See the comment above the #define of UNKNOWN_LOCK for an explanation
 ** of this.
 */
 static int pagerLockDb(Pager *pPager, int eLock){
@@ -51281,7 +53097,7 @@ static int pagerLockDb(Pager *pPager, int eLock){
 **  (b) the value returned by OsSectorSize() is less than or equal
 **      to the page size.
 **
-** If it can be used, then the value returned is the size of the journal 
+** If it can be used, then the value returned is the size of the journal
 ** file when it contains rollback data for exactly one page.
 **
 ** The atomic-batch-write optimization can be used if OsDeviceCharacteristics()
@@ -51372,72 +53188,73 @@ static void checkPage(PgHdr *pPg){
 
 /*
 ** When this is called the journal file for pager pPager must be open.
-** This function attempts to read a master journal file name from the 
-** end of the file and, if successful, copies it into memory supplied 
-** by the caller. See comments above writeMasterJournal() for the format
-** used to store a master journal file name at the end of a journal file.
+** This function attempts to read a super-journal file name from the
+** end of the file and, if successful, copies it into memory supplied
+** by the caller. See comments above writeSuperJournal() for the format
+** used to store a super-journal file name at the end of a journal file.
 **
-** zMaster must point to a buffer of at least nMaster bytes allocated by
+** zSuper must point to a buffer of at least nSuper bytes allocated by
 ** the caller. This should be sqlite3_vfs.mxPathname+1 (to ensure there is
-** enough space to write the master journal name). If the master journal
-** name in the journal is longer than nMaster bytes (including a
-** nul-terminator), then this is handled as if no master journal name
+** enough space to write the super-journal name). If the super-journal
+** name in the journal is longer than nSuper bytes (including a
+** nul-terminator), then this is handled as if no super-journal name
 ** were present in the journal.
 **
-** If a master journal file name is present at the end of the journal
-** file, then it is copied into the buffer pointed to by zMaster. A
-** nul-terminator byte is appended to the buffer following the master
-** journal file name.
+** If a super-journal file name is present at the end of the journal
+** file, then it is copied into the buffer pointed to by zSuper. A
+** nul-terminator byte is appended to the buffer following the
+** super-journal file name.
 **
-** If it is determined that no master journal file name is present 
-** zMaster[0] is set to 0 and SQLITE_OK returned.
+** If it is determined that no super-journal file name is present
+** zSuper[0] is set to 0 and SQLITE_OK returned.
 **
 ** If an error occurs while reading from the journal file, an SQLite
 ** error code is returned.
 */
-static int readMasterJournal(sqlite3_file *pJrnl, char *zMaster, u32 nMaster){
+static int readSuperJournal(sqlite3_file *pJrnl, char *zSuper, u32 nSuper){
   int rc;                    /* Return code */
-  u32 len;                   /* Length in bytes of master journal name */
+  u32 len;                   /* Length in bytes of super-journal name */
   i64 szJ;                   /* Total size in bytes of journal file pJrnl */
   u32 cksum;                 /* MJ checksum value read from journal */
   u32 u;                     /* Unsigned loop counter */
   unsigned char aMagic[8];   /* A buffer to hold the magic header */
-  zMaster[0] = '\0';
+  zSuper[0] = '\0';
 
   if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pJrnl, &szJ))
    || szJ<16
    || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = read32bits(pJrnl, szJ-16, &len))
-   || len>=nMaster 
+   || len>=nSuper
    || len>szJ-16
-   || len==0 
+   || len==0
    || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = read32bits(pJrnl, szJ-12, &cksum))
    || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3OsRead(pJrnl, aMagic, 8, szJ-8))
    || memcmp(aMagic, aJournalMagic, 8)
-   || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3OsRead(pJrnl, zMaster, len, szJ-16-len))
+   || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3OsRead(pJrnl, zSuper, len, szJ-16-len))
   ){
     return rc;
   }
 
-  /* See if the checksum matches the master journal name */
+  /* See if the checksum matches the super-journal name */
   for(u=0; u<len; u++){
-    cksum -= zMaster[u];
+    cksum -= zSuper[u];
   }
   if( cksum ){
     /* If the checksum doesn't add up, then one or more of the disk sectors
-    ** containing the master journal filename is corrupted. This means
+    ** containing the super-journal filename is corrupted. This means
     ** definitely roll back, so just return SQLITE_OK and report a (nul)
-    ** master-journal filename.
+    ** super-journal filename.
     */
     len = 0;
   }
-  zMaster[len] = '\0';
-   
+  zSuper[len] = '\0';
+  zSuper[len+1] = '\0';
+
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
-** Return the offset of the sector boundary at or immediately 
-** following the value in pPager->journalOff, assuming a sector 
+** Return the offset of the sector boundary at or immediately
+** following the value in pPager->journalOff, assuming a sector
 ** size of pPager->sectorSize bytes.
 **
 ** i.e for a sector size of 512:
@@ -51448,7 +53265,7 @@ static int readMasterJournal(sqlite3_file *pJrnl, char *zMaster, u32 nMaster){
 **   512                       512
 **   100                       512
 **   2000                      2048
-** 
+**
 */
 static i64 journalHdrOffset(Pager *pPager){
   i64 offset = 0;
@@ -51470,12 +53287,12 @@ static i64 journalHdrOffset(Pager *pPager){
 **
 ** If doTruncate is non-zero or the Pager.journalSizeLimit variable is
 ** set to 0, then truncate the journal file to zero bytes in size. Otherwise,
-** zero the 28-byte header at the start of the journal file. In either case, 
-** if the pager is not in no-sync mode, sync the journal file immediately 
+** zero the 28-byte header at the start of the journal file. In either case,
+** if the pager is not in no-sync mode, sync the journal file immediately
 ** after writing or truncating it.
 **
 ** If Pager.journalSizeLimit is set to a positive, non-zero value, and
-** following the truncation or zeroing described above the size of the 
+** following the truncation or zeroing described above the size of the
 ** journal file in bytes is larger than this value, then truncate the
 ** journal file to Pager.journalSizeLimit bytes. The journal file does
 ** not need to be synced following this operation.
@@ -51501,8 +53318,8 @@ static int zeroJournalHdr(Pager *pPager, int doTruncate){
       rc = sqlite3OsSync(pPager->jfd, SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY|pPager->syncFlags);
     }
 
-    /* At this point the transaction is committed but the write lock 
-    ** is still held on the file. If there is a size limit configured for 
+    /* At this point the transaction is committed but the write lock
+    ** is still held on the file. If there is a size limit configured for
     ** the persistent journal and the journal file currently consumes more
     ** space than that limit allows for, truncate it now. There is no need
     ** to sync the file following this operation.
@@ -51530,7 +53347,7 @@ static int zeroJournalHdr(Pager *pPager, int doTruncate){
 ** - 4 bytes: Initial database page count.
 ** - 4 bytes: Sector size used by the process that wrote this journal.
 ** - 4 bytes: Database page size.
-** 
+**
 ** Followed by (JOURNAL_HDR_SZ - 28) bytes of unused space.
 */
 static int writeJournalHdr(Pager *pPager){
@@ -51546,8 +53363,8 @@ static int writeJournalHdr(Pager *pPager){
     nHeader = JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager);
   }
 
-  /* If there are active savepoints and any of them were created 
-  ** since the most recent journal header was written, update the 
+  /* If there are active savepoints and any of them were created
+  ** since the most recent journal header was written, update the
   ** PagerSavepoint.iHdrOffset fields now.
   */
   for(ii=0; ii<pPager->nSavepoint; ii++){
@@ -51558,10 +53375,10 @@ static int writeJournalHdr(Pager *pPager){
 
   pPager->journalHdr = pPager->journalOff = journalHdrOffset(pPager);
 
-  /* 
+  /*
   ** Write the nRec Field - the number of page records that follow this
   ** journal header. Normally, zero is written to this value at this time.
-  ** After the records are added to the journal (and the journal synced, 
+  ** After the records are added to the journal (and the journal synced,
   ** if in full-sync mode), the zero is overwritten with the true number
   ** of records (see syncJournal()).
   **
@@ -51580,7 +53397,7 @@ static int writeJournalHdr(Pager *pPager){
   */
   assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) || pPager->noSync );
   if( pPager->noSync || (pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY)
-   || (sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd)&SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND) 
+   || (sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd)&SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND)
   ){
     memcpy(zHeader, aJournalMagic, sizeof(aJournalMagic));
     put32bits(&zHeader[sizeof(aJournalMagic)], 0xffffffff);
@@ -51588,7 +53405,7 @@ static int writeJournalHdr(Pager *pPager){
     memset(zHeader, 0, sizeof(aJournalMagic)+4);
   }
 
-  /* The random check-hash initializer */ 
+  /* The random check-hash initializer */
   sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(pPager->cksumInit), &pPager->cksumInit);
   put32bits(&zHeader[sizeof(aJournalMagic)+4], pPager->cksumInit);
   /* The initial database size */
@@ -51607,23 +53424,23 @@ static int writeJournalHdr(Pager *pPager){
   memset(&zHeader[sizeof(aJournalMagic)+20], 0,
          nHeader-(sizeof(aJournalMagic)+20));
 
-  /* In theory, it is only necessary to write the 28 bytes that the 
-  ** journal header consumes to the journal file here. Then increment the 
-  ** Pager.journalOff variable by JOURNAL_HDR_SZ so that the next 
+  /* In theory, it is only necessary to write the 28 bytes that the
+  ** journal header consumes to the journal file here. Then increment the
+  ** Pager.journalOff variable by JOURNAL_HDR_SZ so that the next
   ** record is written to the following sector (leaving a gap in the file
   ** that will be implicitly filled in by the OS).
   **
-  ** However it has been discovered that on some systems this pattern can 
+  ** However it has been discovered that on some systems this pattern can
   ** be significantly slower than contiguously writing data to the file,
-  ** even if that means explicitly writing data to the block of 
+  ** even if that means explicitly writing data to the block of
   ** (JOURNAL_HDR_SZ - 28) bytes that will not be used. So that is what
-  ** is done. 
+  ** is done.
   **
-  ** The loop is required here in case the sector-size is larger than the 
+  ** The loop is required here in case the sector-size is larger than the
   ** database page size. Since the zHeader buffer is only Pager.pageSize
   ** bytes in size, more than one call to sqlite3OsWrite() may be required
   ** to populate the entire journal header sector.
-  */ 
+  */
   for(nWrite=0; rc==SQLITE_OK&&nWrite<JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager); nWrite+=nHeader){
     IOTRACE(("JHDR %p %lld %d\n", pPager, pPager->journalHdr, nHeader))
     rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->jfd, zHeader, nHeader, pPager->journalOff);
@@ -51721,29 +53538,29 @@ static int readJournalHdr(
 
     /* Check that the values read from the page-size and sector-size fields
     ** are within range. To be 'in range', both values need to be a power
-    ** of two greater than or equal to 512 or 32, and not greater than their 
+    ** of two greater than or equal to 512 or 32, and not greater than their
     ** respective compile time maximum limits.
     */
     if( iPageSize<512                  || iSectorSize<32
      || iPageSize>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE || iSectorSize>MAX_SECTOR_SIZE
-     || ((iPageSize-1)&iPageSize)!=0   || ((iSectorSize-1)&iSectorSize)!=0 
+     || ((iPageSize-1)&iPageSize)!=0   || ((iSectorSize-1)&iSectorSize)!=0
     ){
-      /* If the either the page-size or sector-size in the journal-header is 
-      ** invalid, then the process that wrote the journal-header must have 
-      ** crashed before the header was synced. In this case stop reading 
+      /* If the either the page-size or sector-size in the journal-header is
+      ** invalid, then the process that wrote the journal-header must have
+      ** crashed before the header was synced. In this case stop reading
       ** the journal file here.
       */
       return SQLITE_DONE;
     }
 
-    /* Update the page-size to match the value read from the journal. 
-    ** Use a testcase() macro to make sure that malloc failure within 
+    /* Update the page-size to match the value read from the journal.
+    ** Use a testcase() macro to make sure that malloc failure within
     ** PagerSetPagesize() is tested.
     */
     rc = sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pPager, &iPageSize, -1);
     testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
 
-    /* Update the assumed sector-size to match the value used by 
+    /* Update the assumed sector-size to match the value used by
     ** the process that created this journal. If this journal was
     ** created by a process other than this one, then this routine
     ** is being called from within pager_playback(). The local value
@@ -51758,50 +53575,50 @@ static int readJournalHdr(
 
 
 /*
-** Write the supplied master journal name into the journal file for pager
-** pPager at the current location. The master journal name must be the last
+** Write the supplied super-journal name into the journal file for pager
+** pPager at the current location. The super-journal name must be the last
 ** thing written to a journal file. If the pager is in full-sync mode, the
 ** journal file descriptor is advanced to the next sector boundary before
 ** anything is written. The format is:
 **
 **   + 4 bytes: PAGER_MJ_PGNO.
-**   + N bytes: Master journal filename in utf-8.
-**   + 4 bytes: N (length of master journal name in bytes, no nul-terminator).
-**   + 4 bytes: Master journal name checksum.
+**   + N bytes: super-journal filename in utf-8.
+**   + 4 bytes: N (length of super-journal name in bytes, no nul-terminator).
+**   + 4 bytes: super-journal name checksum.
 **   + 8 bytes: aJournalMagic[].
 **
-** The master journal page checksum is the sum of the bytes in the master
-** journal name, where each byte is interpreted as a signed 8-bit integer.
+** The super-journal page checksum is the sum of the bytes in thesuper-journal
+** name, where each byte is interpreted as a signed 8-bit integer.
 **
-** If zMaster is a NULL pointer (occurs for a single database transaction), 
+** If zSuper is a NULL pointer (occurs for a single database transaction),
 ** this call is a no-op.
 */
-static int writeMasterJournal(Pager *pPager, const char *zMaster){
+static int writeSuperJournal(Pager *pPager, const char *zSuper){
   int rc;                          /* Return code */
-  int nMaster;                     /* Length of string zMaster */
+  int nSuper;                      /* Length of string zSuper */
   i64 iHdrOff;                     /* Offset of header in journal file */
   i64 jrnlSize;                    /* Size of journal file on disk */
-  u32 cksum = 0;                   /* Checksum of string zMaster */
+  u32 cksum = 0;                   /* Checksum of string zSuper */
 
-  assert( pPager->setMaster==0 );
+  assert( pPager->setSuper==0 );
   assert( !pagerUseWal(pPager) );
 
-  if( !zMaster 
-   || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY 
+  if( !zSuper
+   || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY
    || !isOpen(pPager->jfd)
   ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
-  pPager->setMaster = 1;
+  pPager->setSuper = 1;
   assert( pPager->journalHdr <= pPager->journalOff );
 
-  /* Calculate the length in bytes and the checksum of zMaster */
-  for(nMaster=0; zMaster[nMaster]; nMaster++){
-    cksum += zMaster[nMaster];
+  /* Calculate the length in bytes and the checksum of zSuper */
+  for(nSuper=0; zSuper[nSuper]; nSuper++){
+    cksum += zSuper[nSuper];
   }
 
   /* If in full-sync mode, advance to the next disk sector before writing
-  ** the master journal name. This is in case the previous page written to
+  ** the super-journal name. This is in case the previous page written to
   ** the journal has already been synced.
   */
   if( pPager->fullSync ){
@@ -51809,30 +53626,30 @@ static int writeMasterJournal(Pager *pPager, const char *zMaster){
   }
   iHdrOff = pPager->journalOff;
 
-  /* Write the master journal data to the end of the journal file. If
+  /* Write the super-journal data to the end of the journal file. If
   ** an error occurs, return the error code to the caller.
   */
   if( (0 != (rc = write32bits(pPager->jfd, iHdrOff, PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager))))
-   || (0 != (rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->jfd, zMaster, nMaster, iHdrOff+4)))
-   || (0 != (rc = write32bits(pPager->jfd, iHdrOff+4+nMaster, nMaster)))
-   || (0 != (rc = write32bits(pPager->jfd, iHdrOff+4+nMaster+4, cksum)))
+   || (0 != (rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->jfd, zSuper, nSuper, iHdrOff+4)))
+   || (0 != (rc = write32bits(pPager->jfd, iHdrOff+4+nSuper, nSuper)))
+   || (0 != (rc = write32bits(pPager->jfd, iHdrOff+4+nSuper+4, cksum)))
    || (0 != (rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->jfd, aJournalMagic, 8,
-                                 iHdrOff+4+nMaster+8)))
+                                 iHdrOff+4+nSuper+8)))
   ){
     return rc;
   }
-  pPager->journalOff += (nMaster+20);
+  pPager->journalOff += (nSuper+20);
 
-  /* If the pager is in peristent-journal mode, then the physical 
-  ** journal-file may extend past the end of the master-journal name
-  ** and 8 bytes of magic data just written to the file. This is 
+  /* If the pager is in peristent-journal mode, then the physical
+  ** journal-file may extend past the end of the super-journal name
+  ** and 8 bytes of magic data just written to the file. This is
   ** dangerous because the code to rollback a hot-journal file
-  ** will not be able to find the master-journal name to determine 
-  ** whether or not the journal is hot. 
+  ** will not be able to find the super-journal name to determine
+  ** whether or not the journal is hot.
   **
-  ** Easiest thing to do in this scenario is to truncate the journal 
+  ** Easiest thing to do in this scenario is to truncate the journal
   ** file to the required size.
-  */ 
+  */
   if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->jfd, &jrnlSize))
    && jrnlSize>pPager->journalOff
   ){
@@ -51877,7 +53694,7 @@ static void releaseAllSavepoints(Pager *pPager){
 }
 
 /*
-** Set the bit number pgno in the PagerSavepoint.pInSavepoint 
+** Set the bit number pgno in the PagerSavepoint.pInSavepoint
 ** bitvecs of all open savepoints. Return SQLITE_OK if successful
 ** or SQLITE_NOMEM if a malloc failure occurs.
 */
@@ -51906,8 +53723,8 @@ static int addToSavepointBitvecs(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno){
 ** not exhibit the UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN property, the journal file is
 ** closed (if it is open).
 **
-** If the pager is in ERROR state when this function is called, the 
-** contents of the pager cache are discarded before switching back to 
+** If the pager is in ERROR state when this function is called, the
+** contents of the pager cache are discarded before switching back to
 ** the OPEN state. Regardless of whether the pager is in exclusive-mode
 ** or not, any journal file left in the file-system will be treated
 ** as a hot-journal and rolled back the next time a read-transaction
@@ -51915,9 +53732,9 @@ static int addToSavepointBitvecs(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno){
 */
 static void pager_unlock(Pager *pPager){
 
-  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_READER 
-       || pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN 
-       || pPager->eState==PAGER_ERROR 
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_READER
+       || pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN
+       || pPager->eState==PAGER_ERROR
   );
 
   sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pPager->pInJournal);
@@ -51964,7 +53781,6 @@ static void pager_unlock(Pager *pPager){
     ** code is cleared and the cache reset in the block below.
     */
     assert( pPager->errCode || pPager->eState!=PAGER_ERROR );
-    pPager->changeCountDone = 0;
     pPager->eState = PAGER_OPEN;
   }
 
@@ -51989,23 +53805,23 @@ static void pager_unlock(Pager *pPager){
 
   pPager->journalOff = 0;
   pPager->journalHdr = 0;
-  pPager->setMaster = 0;
+  pPager->setSuper = 0;
 }
 
 /*
 ** This function is called whenever an IOERR or FULL error that requires
 ** the pager to transition into the ERROR state may ahve occurred.
-** The first argument is a pointer to the pager structure, the second 
-** the error-code about to be returned by a pager API function. The 
-** value returned is a copy of the second argument to this function. 
+** The first argument is a pointer to the pager structure, the second
+** the error-code about to be returned by a pager API function. The
+** value returned is a copy of the second argument to this function.
 **
 ** If the second argument is SQLITE_FULL, SQLITE_IOERR or one of the
 ** IOERR sub-codes, the pager enters the ERROR state and the error code
 ** is stored in Pager.errCode. While the pager remains in the ERROR state,
 ** all major API calls on the Pager will immediately return Pager.errCode.
 **
-** The ERROR state indicates that the contents of the pager-cache 
-** cannot be trusted. This state can be cleared by completely discarding 
+** The ERROR state indicates that the contents of the pager-cache
+** cannot be trusted. This state can be cleared by completely discarding
 ** the contents of the pager-cache. If a transaction was active when
 ** the persistent error occurred, then the rollback journal may need
 ** to be replayed to restore the contents of the database file (as if
@@ -52053,27 +53869,27 @@ static int pagerFlushOnCommit(Pager *pPager, int bCommit){
 }
 
 /*
-** This routine ends a transaction. A transaction is usually ended by 
-** either a COMMIT or a ROLLBACK operation. This routine may be called 
+** This routine ends a transaction. A transaction is usually ended by
+** either a COMMIT or a ROLLBACK operation. This routine may be called
 ** after rollback of a hot-journal, or if an error occurs while opening
 ** the journal file or writing the very first journal-header of a
 ** database transaction.
-** 
+**
 ** This routine is never called in PAGER_ERROR state. If it is called
 ** in PAGER_NONE or PAGER_SHARED state and the lock held is less
 ** exclusive than a RESERVED lock, it is a no-op.
 **
 ** Otherwise, any active savepoints are released.
 **
-** If the journal file is open, then it is "finalized". Once a journal 
-** file has been finalized it is not possible to use it to roll back a 
+** If the journal file is open, then it is "finalized". Once a journal
+** file has been finalized it is not possible to use it to roll back a
 ** transaction. Nor will it be considered to be a hot-journal by this
 ** or any other database connection. Exactly how a journal is finalized
 ** depends on whether or not the pager is running in exclusive mode and
 ** the current journal-mode (Pager.journalMode value), as follows:
 **
 **   journalMode==MEMORY
-**     Journal file descriptor is simply closed. This destroys an 
+**     Journal file descriptor is simply closed. This destroys an
 **     in-memory journal.
 **
 **   journalMode==TRUNCATE
@@ -52093,19 +53909,19 @@ static int pagerFlushOnCommit(Pager *pPager, int bCommit){
 **     journalMode==PERSIST is used instead.
 **
 ** After the journal is finalized, the pager moves to PAGER_READER state.
-** If running in non-exclusive rollback mode, the lock on the file is 
+** If running in non-exclusive rollback mode, the lock on the file is
 ** downgraded to a SHARED_LOCK.
 **
 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if no error occurs. If an error occurs during
 ** any of the IO operations to finalize the journal file or unlock the
-** database then the IO error code is returned to the user. If the 
+** database then the IO error code is returned to the user. If the
 ** operation to finalize the journal file fails, then the code still
 ** tries to unlock the database file if not in exclusive mode. If the
 ** unlock operation fails as well, then the first error code related
 ** to the first error encountered (the journal finalization one) is
 ** returned.
 */
-static int pager_end_transaction(Pager *pPager, int hasMaster, int bCommit){
+static int pager_end_transaction(Pager *pPager, int hasSuper, int bCommit){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;      /* Error code from journal finalization operation */
   int rc2 = SQLITE_OK;     /* Error code from db file unlock operation */
 
@@ -52117,9 +53933,9 @@ static int pager_end_transaction(Pager *pPager, int hasMaster, int bCommit){
   **   1. After a successful hot-journal rollback, it is called with
   **      eState==PAGER_NONE and eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK.
   **
-  **   2. If a connection with locking_mode=exclusive holding an EXCLUSIVE 
+  **   2. If a connection with locking_mode=exclusive holding an EXCLUSIVE
   **      lock switches back to locking_mode=normal and then executes a
-  **      read-transaction, this function is called with eState==PAGER_READER 
+  **      read-transaction, this function is called with eState==PAGER_READER
   **      and eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK when the read-transaction is closed.
   */
   assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
@@ -52129,7 +53945,7 @@ static int pager_end_transaction(Pager *pPager, int hasMaster, int bCommit){
   }
 
   releaseAllSavepoints(pPager);
-  assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd) || pPager->pInJournal==0 
+  assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd) || pPager->pInJournal==0
       || (sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd)&SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC)
   );
   if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
@@ -52157,7 +53973,7 @@ static int pager_end_transaction(Pager *pPager, int hasMaster, int bCommit){
     }else if( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST
       || (pPager->exclusiveMode && pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL)
     ){
-      rc = zeroJournalHdr(pPager, hasMaster||pPager->tempFile);
+      rc = zeroJournalHdr(pPager, hasSuper||pPager->tempFile);
       pPager->journalOff = 0;
     }else{
       /* This branch may be executed with Pager.journalMode==MEMORY if
@@ -52167,9 +53983,9 @@ static int pager_end_transaction(Pager *pPager, int hasMaster, int bCommit){
       */
       int bDelete = !pPager->tempFile;
       assert( sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(pPager->jfd)==0 );
-      assert( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE 
-           || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY 
-           || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL 
+      assert( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE
+           || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY
+           || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL
       );
       sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
       if( bDelete ){
@@ -52202,8 +54018,8 @@ static int pager_end_transaction(Pager *pPager, int hasMaster, int bCommit){
   }
 
   if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
-    /* Drop the WAL write-lock, if any. Also, if the connection was in 
-    ** locking_mode=exclusive mode but is no longer, drop the EXCLUSIVE 
+    /* Drop the WAL write-lock, if any. Also, if the connection was in
+    ** locking_mode=exclusive mode but is no longer, drop the EXCLUSIVE
     ** lock held on the database file.
     */
     rc2 = sqlite3WalEndWriteTransaction(pPager->pWal);
@@ -52211,7 +54027,7 @@ static int pager_end_transaction(Pager *pPager, int hasMaster, int bCommit){
   }else if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bCommit && pPager->dbFileSize>pPager->dbSize ){
     /* This branch is taken when committing a transaction in rollback-journal
     ** mode if the database file on disk is larger than the database image.
-    ** At this point the journal has been finalized and the transaction 
+    ** At this point the journal has been finalized and the transaction
     ** successfully committed, but the EXCLUSIVE lock is still held on the
     ** file. So it is safe to truncate the database file to its minimum
     ** required size.  */
@@ -52224,32 +54040,31 @@ static int pager_end_transaction(Pager *pPager, int hasMaster, int bCommit){
     if( rc==SQLITE_NOTFOUND ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
   }
 
-  if( !pPager->exclusiveMode 
+  if( !pPager->exclusiveMode
    && (!pagerUseWal(pPager) || sqlite3WalExclusiveMode(pPager->pWal, 0))
   ){
     rc2 = pagerUnlockDb(pPager, SHARED_LOCK);
-    pPager->changeCountDone = 0;
   }
   pPager->eState = PAGER_READER;
-  pPager->setMaster = 0;
+  pPager->setSuper = 0;
 
   return (rc==SQLITE_OK?rc2:rc);
 }
 
 /*
-** Execute a rollback if a transaction is active and unlock the 
-** database file. 
+** Execute a rollback if a transaction is active and unlock the
+** database file.
 **
-** If the pager has already entered the ERROR state, do not attempt 
+** If the pager has already entered the ERROR state, do not attempt
 ** the rollback at this time. Instead, pager_unlock() is called. The
 ** call to pager_unlock() will discard all in-memory pages, unlock
-** the database file and move the pager back to OPEN state. If this 
-** means that there is a hot-journal left in the file-system, the next 
-** connection to obtain a shared lock on the pager (which may be this one) 
+** the database file and move the pager back to OPEN state. If this
+** means that there is a hot-journal left in the file-system, the next
+** connection to obtain a shared lock on the pager (which may be this one)
 ** will roll it back.
 **
 ** If the pager has not already entered the ERROR state, but an IO or
-** malloc error occurs during a rollback, then this will itself cause 
+** malloc error occurs during a rollback, then this will itself cause
 ** the pager to enter the ERROR state. Which will be cleared by the
 ** call to pager_unlock(), as described above.
 */
@@ -52270,10 +54085,10 @@ static void pagerUnlockAndRollback(Pager *pPager){
 
 /*
 ** Parameter aData must point to a buffer of pPager->pageSize bytes
-** of data. Compute and return a checksum based ont the contents of the 
+** of data. Compute and return a checksum based ont the contents of the
 ** page of data and the current value of pPager->cksumInit.
 **
-** This is not a real checksum. It is really just the sum of the 
+** This is not a real checksum. It is really just the sum of the
 ** random initial value (pPager->cksumInit) and every 200th byte
 ** of the page data, starting with byte offset (pPager->pageSize%200).
 ** Each byte is interpreted as an 8-bit unsigned integer.
@@ -52281,8 +54096,8 @@ static void pagerUnlockAndRollback(Pager *pPager){
 ** Changing the formula used to compute this checksum results in an
 ** incompatible journal file format.
 **
-** If journal corruption occurs due to a power failure, the most likely 
-** scenario is that one end or the other of the record will be changed. 
+** If journal corruption occurs due to a power failure, the most likely
+** scenario is that one end or the other of the record will be changed.
 ** It is much less likely that the two ends of the journal record will be
 ** correct and the middle be corrupt.  Thus, this "checksum" scheme,
 ** though fast and simple, catches the mostly likely kind of corruption.
@@ -52297,42 +54112,13 @@ static u32 pager_cksum(Pager *pPager, const u8 *aData){
   return cksum;
 }
 
-/*
-** Report the current page size and number of reserved bytes back
-** to the codec.
-*/
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-static void pagerReportSize(Pager *pPager){
-  if( pPager->xCodecSizeChng ){
-    pPager->xCodecSizeChng(pPager->pCodec, pPager->pageSize,
-                           (int)pPager->nReserve);
-  }
-}
-#else
-# define pagerReportSize(X)     /* No-op if we do not support a codec */
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-/*
-** Make sure the number of reserved bits is the same in the destination
-** pager as it is in the source.  This comes up when a VACUUM changes the
-** number of reserved bits to the "optimal" amount.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerAlignReserve(Pager *pDest, Pager *pSrc){
-  if( pDest->nReserve!=pSrc->nReserve ){
-    pDest->nReserve = pSrc->nReserve;
-    pagerReportSize(pDest);
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
 /*
 ** Read a single page from either the journal file (if isMainJrnl==1) or
 ** from the sub-journal (if isMainJrnl==0) and playback that page.
 ** The page begins at offset *pOffset into the file. The *pOffset
 ** value is increased to the start of the next page in the journal.
 **
-** The main rollback journal uses checksums - the statement journal does 
+** The main rollback journal uses checksums - the statement journal does
 ** not.
 **
 ** If the page number of the page record read from the (sub-)journal file
@@ -52352,7 +54138,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerAlignReserve(Pager *pDest, Pager *pSrc){
 ** is successfully read from the (sub-)journal file but appears to be
 ** corrupted, SQLITE_DONE is returned. Data is considered corrupted in
 ** two circumstances:
-** 
+**
 **   * If the record page-number is illegal (0 or PAGER_MJ_PGNO), or
 **   * If the record is being rolled back from the main journal file
 **     and the checksum field does not match the record content.
@@ -52377,11 +54163,6 @@ static int pager_playback_one_page(
   char *aData;                  /* Temporary storage for the page */
   sqlite3_file *jfd;            /* The file descriptor for the journal file */
   int isSynced;                 /* True if journal page is synced */
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  /* The jrnlEnc flag is true if Journal pages should be passed through
-  ** the codec.  It is false for pure in-memory journals. */
-  const int jrnlEnc = (isMainJrnl || pPager->subjInMemory==0);
-#endif
 
   assert( (isMainJrnl&~1)==0 );      /* isMainJrnl is 0 or 1 */
   assert( (isSavepnt&~1)==0 );       /* isSavepnt is 0 or 1 */
@@ -52392,7 +54173,7 @@ static int pager_playback_one_page(
   assert( aData );         /* Temp storage must have already been allocated */
   assert( pagerUseWal(pPager)==0 || (!isMainJrnl && isSavepnt) );
 
-  /* Either the state is greater than PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD (a transaction 
+  /* Either the state is greater than PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD (a transaction
   ** or savepoint rollback done at the request of the caller) or this is
   ** a hot-journal rollback. If it is a hot-journal rollback, the pager
   ** is in state OPEN and holds an EXCLUSIVE lock. Hot-journal rollback
@@ -52444,7 +54225,6 @@ static int pager_playback_one_page(
   */
   if( pgno==1 && pPager->nReserve!=((u8*)aData)[20] ){
     pPager->nReserve = ((u8*)aData)[20];
-    pagerReportSize(pPager);
   }
 
   /* If the pager is in CACHEMOD state, then there must be a copy of this
@@ -52459,7 +54239,7 @@ static int pager_playback_one_page(
   ** assert()able.
   **
   ** If in WRITER_DBMOD, WRITER_FINISHED or OPEN state, then we update the
-  ** pager cache if it exists and the main file. The page is then marked 
+  ** pager cache if it exists and the main file. The page is then marked
   ** not dirty. Since this code is only executed in PAGER_OPEN state for
   ** a hot-journal rollback, it is guaranteed that the page-cache is empty
   ** if the pager is in OPEN state.
@@ -52512,43 +54292,29 @@ static int pager_playback_one_page(
     ** is if the data was just read from an in-memory sub-journal. In that
     ** case it must be encrypted here before it is copied into the database
     ** file.  */
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-    if( !jrnlEnc ){
-      CODEC2(pPager, aData, pgno, 7, rc=SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT, aData);
-      rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->fd, (u8 *)aData, pPager->pageSize, ofst);
-      CODEC1(pPager, aData, pgno, 3, rc=SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT);
-    }else
-#endif
     rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->fd, (u8 *)aData, pPager->pageSize, ofst);
 
     if( pgno>pPager->dbFileSize ){
       pPager->dbFileSize = pgno;
     }
     if( pPager->pBackup ){
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-      if( jrnlEnc ){
-        CODEC1(pPager, aData, pgno, 3, rc=SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT);
-        sqlite3BackupUpdate(pPager->pBackup, pgno, (u8*)aData);
-        CODEC2(pPager, aData, pgno, 7, rc=SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT,aData);
-      }else
-#endif
       sqlite3BackupUpdate(pPager->pBackup, pgno, (u8*)aData);
     }
   }else if( !isMainJrnl && pPg==0 ){
     /* If this is a rollback of a savepoint and data was not written to
     ** the database and the page is not in-memory, there is a potential
-    ** problem. When the page is next fetched by the b-tree layer, it 
-    ** will be read from the database file, which may or may not be 
-    ** current. 
+    ** problem. When the page is next fetched by the b-tree layer, it
+    ** will be read from the database file, which may or may not be
+    ** current.
     **
     ** There are a couple of different ways this can happen. All are quite
-    ** obscure. When running in synchronous mode, this can only happen 
+    ** obscure. When running in synchronous mode, this can only happen
     ** if the page is on the free-list at the start of the transaction, then
     ** populated, then moved using sqlite3PagerMovepage().
     **
     ** The solution is to add an in-memory page to the cache containing
-    ** the data just read from the sub-journal. Mark the page as dirty 
-    ** and if the pager requires a journal-sync, then mark the page as 
+    ** the data just read from the sub-journal. Mark the page as dirty
+    ** and if the pager requires a journal-sync, then mark the page as
     ** requiring a journal-sync before it is written.
     */
     assert( isSavepnt );
@@ -52582,164 +54348,167 @@ static int pager_playback_one_page(
     if( pgno==1 ){
       memcpy(&pPager->dbFileVers, &((u8*)pData)[24],sizeof(pPager->dbFileVers));
     }
-
-    /* Decode the page just read from disk */
-#if SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-    if( jrnlEnc ){ CODEC1(pPager, pData, pPg->pgno, 3, rc=SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT); }
-#endif
     sqlite3PcacheRelease(pPg);
   }
   return rc;
 }
 
 /*
-** Parameter zMaster is the name of a master journal file. A single journal
-** file that referred to the master journal file has just been rolled back.
-** This routine checks if it is possible to delete the master journal file,
+** Parameter zSuper is the name of a super-journal file. A single journal
+** file that referred to the super-journal file has just been rolled back.
+** This routine checks if it is possible to delete the super-journal file,
 ** and does so if it is.
 **
-** Argument zMaster may point to Pager.pTmpSpace. So that buffer is not 
+** Argument zSuper may point to Pager.pTmpSpace. So that buffer is not
 ** available for use within this function.
 **
-** When a master journal file is created, it is populated with the names 
-** of all of its child journals, one after another, formatted as utf-8 
-** encoded text. The end of each child journal file is marked with a 
-** nul-terminator byte (0x00). i.e. the entire contents of a master journal
+** When a super-journal file is created, it is populated with the names
+** of all of its child journals, one after another, formatted as utf-8
+** encoded text. The end of each child journal file is marked with a
+** nul-terminator byte (0x00). i.e. the entire contents of a super-journal
 ** file for a transaction involving two databases might be:
 **
 **   "/home/bill/a.db-journal\x00/home/bill/b.db-journal\x00"
 **
-** A master journal file may only be deleted once all of its child 
+** A super-journal file may only be deleted once all of its child
 ** journals have been rolled back.
 **
-** This function reads the contents of the master-journal file into 
+** This function reads the contents of the super-journal file into
 ** memory and loops through each of the child journal names. For
 ** each child journal, it checks if:
 **
 **   * if the child journal exists, and if so
-**   * if the child journal contains a reference to master journal 
-**     file zMaster
+**   * if the child journal contains a reference to super-journal
+**     file zSuper
 **
 ** If a child journal can be found that matches both of the criteria
 ** above, this function returns without doing anything. Otherwise, if
-** no such child journal can be found, file zMaster is deleted from
+** no such child journal can be found, file zSuper is deleted from
 ** the file-system using sqlite3OsDelete().
 **
 ** If an IO error within this function, an error code is returned. This
 ** function allocates memory by calling sqlite3Malloc(). If an allocation
-** fails, SQLITE_NOMEM is returned. Otherwise, if no IO or malloc errors 
+** fails, SQLITE_NOMEM is returned. Otherwise, if no IO or malloc errors
 ** occur, SQLITE_OK is returned.
 **
 ** TODO: This function allocates a single block of memory to load
-** the entire contents of the master journal file. This could be
-** a couple of kilobytes or so - potentially larger than the page 
+** the entire contents of the super-journal file. This could be
+** a couple of kilobytes or so - potentially larger than the page
 ** size.
 */
-static int pager_delmaster(Pager *pPager, const char *zMaster){
+static int pager_delsuper(Pager *pPager, const char *zSuper){
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = pPager->pVfs;
   int rc;                   /* Return code */
-  sqlite3_file *pMaster;    /* Malloc'd master-journal file descriptor */
+  sqlite3_file *pSuper;     /* Malloc'd super-journal file descriptor */
   sqlite3_file *pJournal;   /* Malloc'd child-journal file descriptor */
-  char *zMasterJournal = 0; /* Contents of master journal file */
-  i64 nMasterJournal;       /* Size of master journal file */
+  char *zSuperJournal = 0;  /* Contents of super-journal file */
+  i64 nSuperJournal;        /* Size of super-journal file */
   char *zJournal;           /* Pointer to one journal within MJ file */
-  char *zMasterPtr;         /* Space to hold MJ filename from a journal file */
-  int nMasterPtr;           /* Amount of space allocated to zMasterPtr[] */
+  char *zSuperPtr;          /* Space to hold super-journal filename */
+  char *zFree = 0;          /* Free this buffer */
+  int nSuperPtr;            /* Amount of space allocated to zSuperPtr[] */
 
-  /* Allocate space for both the pJournal and pMaster file descriptors.
-  ** If successful, open the master journal file for reading.
+  /* Allocate space for both the pJournal and pSuper file descriptors.
+  ** If successful, open the super-journal file for reading.
   */
-  pMaster = (sqlite3_file *)sqlite3MallocZero(pVfs->szOsFile * 2);
-  pJournal = (sqlite3_file *)(((u8 *)pMaster) + pVfs->szOsFile);
-  if( !pMaster ){
+  pSuper = (sqlite3_file *)sqlite3MallocZero(pVfs->szOsFile * 2);
+  if( !pSuper ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+    pJournal = 0;
   }else{
-    const int flags = (SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY|SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL);
-    rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, zMaster, pMaster, flags, 0);
+    const int flags = (SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY|SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL);
+    rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, zSuper, pSuper, flags, 0);
+    pJournal = (sqlite3_file *)(((u8 *)pSuper) + pVfs->szOsFile);
   }
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto delmaster_out;
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto delsuper_out;
 
-  /* Load the entire master journal file into space obtained from
-  ** sqlite3_malloc() and pointed to by zMasterJournal.   Also obtain
-  ** sufficient space (in zMasterPtr) to hold the names of master
-  ** journal files extracted from regular rollback-journals.
+  /* Load the entire super-journal file into space obtained from
+  ** sqlite3_malloc() and pointed to by zSuperJournal.   Also obtain
+  ** sufficient space (in zSuperPtr) to hold the names of super-journal
+  ** files extracted from regular rollback-journals.
   */
-  rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pMaster, &nMasterJournal);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto delmaster_out;
-  nMasterPtr = pVfs->mxPathname+1;
-  zMasterJournal = sqlite3Malloc(nMasterJournal + nMasterPtr + 1);
-  if( !zMasterJournal ){
+  rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pSuper, &nSuperJournal);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto delsuper_out;
+  nSuperPtr = pVfs->mxPathname+1;
+  zFree = sqlite3Malloc(4 + nSuperJournal + nSuperPtr + 2);
+  if( !zFree ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-    goto delmaster_out;
-  }
-  zMasterPtr = &zMasterJournal[nMasterJournal+1];
-  rc = sqlite3OsRead(pMaster, zMasterJournal, (int)nMasterJournal, 0);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto delmaster_out;
-  zMasterJournal[nMasterJournal] = 0;
-
-  zJournal = zMasterJournal;
-  while( (zJournal-zMasterJournal)<nMasterJournal ){
+    goto delsuper_out;
+  }
+  zFree[0] = zFree[1] = zFree[2] = zFree[3] = 0;
+  zSuperJournal = &zFree[4];
+  zSuperPtr = &zSuperJournal[nSuperJournal+2];
+  rc = sqlite3OsRead(pSuper, zSuperJournal, (int)nSuperJournal, 0);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto delsuper_out;
+  zSuperJournal[nSuperJournal] = 0;
+  zSuperJournal[nSuperJournal+1] = 0;
+
+  zJournal = zSuperJournal;
+  while( (zJournal-zSuperJournal)<nSuperJournal ){
     int exists;
     rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zJournal, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &exists);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto delmaster_out;
+      goto delsuper_out;
     }
     if( exists ){
-      /* One of the journals pointed to by the master journal exists.
-      ** Open it and check if it points at the master journal. If
-      ** so, return without deleting the master journal file.
+      /* One of the journals pointed to by the super-journal exists.
+      ** Open it and check if it points at the super-journal. If
+      ** so, return without deleting the super-journal file.
+      ** NB:  zJournal is really a MAIN_JOURNAL.  But call it a
+      ** SUPER_JOURNAL here so that the VFS will not send the zJournal
+      ** name into sqlite3_database_file_object().
       */
       int c;
-      int flags = (SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL);
+      int flags = (SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY|SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL);
       rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, zJournal, pJournal, flags, 0);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto delmaster_out;
+        goto delsuper_out;
       }
 
-      rc = readMasterJournal(pJournal, zMasterPtr, nMasterPtr);
+      rc = readSuperJournal(pJournal, zSuperPtr, nSuperPtr);
       sqlite3OsClose(pJournal);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto delmaster_out;
+        goto delsuper_out;
       }
 
-      c = zMasterPtr[0]!=0 && strcmp(zMasterPtr, zMaster)==0;
+      c = zSuperPtr[0]!=0 && strcmp(zSuperPtr, zSuper)==0;
       if( c ){
-        /* We have a match. Do not delete the master journal file. */
-        goto delmaster_out;
+        /* We have a match. Do not delete the super-journal file. */
+        goto delsuper_out;
       }
     }
     zJournal += (sqlite3Strlen30(zJournal)+1);
   }
- 
-  sqlite3OsClose(pMaster);
-  rc = sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, zMaster, 0);
 
-delmaster_out:
-  sqlite3_free(zMasterJournal);
-  if( pMaster ){
-    sqlite3OsClose(pMaster);
+  sqlite3OsClose(pSuper);
+  rc = sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, zSuper, 0);
+
+delsuper_out:
+  sqlite3_free(zFree);
+  if( pSuper ){
+    sqlite3OsClose(pSuper);
     assert( !isOpen(pJournal) );
-    sqlite3_free(pMaster);
+    sqlite3_free(pSuper);
   }
   return rc;
 }
 
 
 /*
-** This function is used to change the actual size of the database 
+** This function is used to change the actual size of the database
 ** file in the file-system. This only happens when committing a transaction,
 ** or rolling back a transaction (including rolling back a hot-journal).
 **
 ** If the main database file is not open, or the pager is not in either
-** DBMOD or OPEN state, this function is a no-op. Otherwise, the size 
-** of the file is changed to nPage pages (nPage*pPager->pageSize bytes). 
+** DBMOD or OPEN state, this function is a no-op. Otherwise, the size
+** of the file is changed to nPage pages (nPage*pPager->pageSize bytes).
 ** If the file on disk is currently larger than nPage pages, then use the VFS
 ** xTruncate() method to truncate it.
 **
-** Or, it might be the case that the file on disk is smaller than 
-** nPage pages. Some operating system implementations can get confused if 
-** you try to truncate a file to some size that is larger than it 
-** currently is, so detect this case and write a single zero byte to 
+** Or, it might be the case that the file on disk is smaller than
+** nPage pages. Some operating system implementations can get confused if
+** you try to truncate a file to some size that is larger than it
+** currently is, so detect this case and write a single zero byte to
 ** the end of the new file instead.
 **
 ** If successful, return SQLITE_OK. If an IO error occurs while modifying
@@ -52749,9 +54518,9 @@ static int pager_truncate(Pager *pPager, Pgno nPage){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   assert( pPager->eState!=PAGER_ERROR );
   assert( pPager->eState!=PAGER_READER );
-  
-  if( isOpen(pPager->fd) 
-   && (pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD || pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN) 
+
+  if( isOpen(pPager->fd)
+   && (pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD || pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN)
   ){
     i64 currentSize, newSize;
     int szPage = pPager->pageSize;
@@ -52795,9 +54564,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SectorSize(sqlite3_file *pFile){
 /*
 ** Set the value of the Pager.sectorSize variable for the given
 ** pager based on the value returned by the xSectorSize method
-** of the open database file. The sector size will be used 
-** to determine the size and alignment of journal header and 
-** master journal pointers within created journal files.
+** of the open database file. The sector size will be used
+** to determine the size and alignment of journal header and
+** super-journal pointers within created journal files.
 **
 ** For temporary files the effective sector size is always 512 bytes.
 **
@@ -52819,7 +54588,7 @@ static void setSectorSize(Pager *pPager){
   assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) || pPager->tempFile );
 
   if( pPager->tempFile
-   || (sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd) & 
+   || (sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd) &
               SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE)!=0
   ){
     /* Sector size doesn't matter for temporary files. Also, the file
@@ -52833,15 +54602,15 @@ static void setSectorSize(Pager *pPager){
 
 /*
 ** Playback the journal and thus restore the database file to
-** the state it was in before we started making changes.  
+** the state it was in before we started making changes.
 **
-** The journal file format is as follows: 
+** The journal file format is as follows:
 **
 **  (1)  8 byte prefix.  A copy of aJournalMagic[].
 **  (2)  4 byte big-endian integer which is the number of valid page records
 **       in the journal.  If this value is 0xffffffff, then compute the
 **       number of page records from the journal size.
-**  (3)  4 byte big-endian integer which is the initial value for the 
+**  (3)  4 byte big-endian integer which is the initial value for the
 **       sanity checksum.
 **  (4)  4 byte integer which is the number of pages to truncate the
 **       database to during a rollback.
@@ -52870,7 +54639,7 @@ static void setSectorSize(Pager *pPager){
 ** from the file size.  This value is used when the user selects the
 ** no-sync option for the journal.  A power failure could lead to corruption
 ** in this case.  But for things like temporary table (which will be
-** deleted when the power is restored) we don't care.  
+** deleted when the power is restored) we don't care.
 **
 ** If the file opened as the journal file is not a well-formed
 ** journal file then all pages up to the first corrupted page are rolled
@@ -52882,7 +54651,7 @@ static void setSectorSize(Pager *pPager){
 ** and an error code is returned.
 **
 ** The isHot parameter indicates that we are trying to rollback a journal
-** that might be a hot journal.  Or, it could be that the journal is 
+** that might be a hot journal.  Or, it could be that the journal is
 ** preserved because of JOURNALMODE_PERSIST or JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE.
 ** If the journal really is hot, reset the pager cache prior rolling
 ** back any content.  If the journal is merely persistent, no reset is
@@ -52896,7 +54665,7 @@ static int pager_playback(Pager *pPager, int isHot){
   Pgno mxPg = 0;           /* Size of the original file in pages */
   int rc;                  /* Result code of a subroutine */
   int res = 1;             /* Value returned by sqlite3OsAccess() */
-  char *zMaster = 0;       /* Name of master journal file if any */
+  char *zSuper = 0;        /* Name of super-journal file if any */
   int needPagerReset;      /* True to reset page prior to first page rollback */
   int nPlayback = 0;       /* Total number of pages restored from journal */
   u32 savedPageSize = pPager->pageSize;
@@ -52910,8 +54679,8 @@ static int pager_playback(Pager *pPager, int isHot){
     goto end_playback;
   }
 
-  /* Read the master journal name from the journal, if it is present.
-  ** If a master journal file name is specified, but the file is not
+  /* Read the super-journal name from the journal, if it is present.
+  ** If a super-journal file name is specified, but the file is not
   ** present on disk, then the journal is not hot and does not need to be
   ** played back.
   **
@@ -52921,21 +54690,21 @@ static int pager_playback(Pager *pPager, int isHot){
   ** mxPathname is 512, which is the same as the minimum allowable value
   ** for pageSize.
   */
-  zMaster = pPager->pTmpSpace;
-  rc = readMasterJournal(pPager->jfd, zMaster, pPager->pVfs->mxPathname+1);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && zMaster[0] ){
-    rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zMaster, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &res);
+  zSuper = pPager->pTmpSpace;
+  rc = readSuperJournal(pPager->jfd, zSuper, pPager->pVfs->mxPathname+1);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && zSuper[0] ){
+    rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zSuper, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &res);
   }
-  zMaster = 0;
+  zSuper = 0;
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || !res ){
     goto end_playback;
   }
   pPager->journalOff = 0;
   needPagerReset = isHot;
 
-  /* This loop terminates either when a readJournalHdr() or 
-  ** pager_playback_one_page() call returns SQLITE_DONE or an IO error 
-  ** occurs. 
+  /* This loop terminates either when a readJournalHdr() or
+  ** pager_playback_one_page() call returns SQLITE_DONE or an IO error
+  ** occurs.
   */
   while( 1 ){
     /* Read the next journal header from the journal file.  If there are
@@ -52944,7 +54713,7 @@ static int pager_playback(Pager *pPager, int isHot){
     ** This indicates nothing more needs to be rolled back.
     */
     rc = readJournalHdr(pPager, isHot, szJ, &nRec, &mxPg);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){ 
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
         rc = SQLITE_OK;
       }
@@ -52972,7 +54741,7 @@ static int pager_playback(Pager *pPager, int isHot){
     ** chunk of the journal contains zero pages to be rolled back.  But
     ** when doing a ROLLBACK and the nRec==0 chunk is the last chunk in
     ** the journal, it means that the journal might contain additional
-    ** pages that need to be rolled back and that the number of pages 
+    ** pages that need to be rolled back and that the number of pages
     ** should be computed based on the journal file size.
     */
     if( nRec==0 && !isHot &&
@@ -52991,7 +54760,7 @@ static int pager_playback(Pager *pPager, int isHot){
       pPager->dbSize = mxPg;
     }
 
-    /* Copy original pages out of the journal and back into the 
+    /* Copy original pages out of the journal and back into the
     ** database file and/or page cache.
     */
     for(u=0; u<nRec; u++){
@@ -53041,10 +54810,10 @@ end_playback:
   sqlite3OsFileControlHint(pPager->fd,SQLITE_FCNTL_DB_UNCHANGED,0);
 #endif
 
-  /* If this playback is happening automatically as a result of an IO or 
-  ** malloc error that occurred after the change-counter was updated but 
-  ** before the transaction was committed, then the change-counter 
-  ** modification may just have been reverted. If this happens in exclusive 
+  /* If this playback is happening automatically as a result of an IO or
+  ** malloc error that occurred after the change-counter was updated but
+  ** before the transaction was committed, then the change-counter
+  ** modification may just have been reverted. If this happens in exclusive
   ** mode, then subsequent transactions performed by the connection will not
   ** update the change-counter at all. This may lead to cache inconsistency
   ** problems for other processes at some point in the future. So, just
@@ -53053,8 +54822,12 @@ end_playback:
   pPager->changeCountDone = pPager->tempFile;
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    zMaster = pPager->pTmpSpace;
-    rc = readMasterJournal(pPager->jfd, zMaster, pPager->pVfs->mxPathname+1);
+    /* Leave 4 bytes of space before the super-journal filename in memory.
+    ** This is because it may end up being passed to sqlite3OsOpen(), in
+    ** which case it requires 4 0x00 bytes in memory immediately before
+    ** the filename. */
+    zSuper = &pPager->pTmpSpace[4];
+    rc = readSuperJournal(pPager->jfd, zSuper, pPager->pVfs->mxPathname+1);
     testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK
@@ -53063,14 +54836,16 @@ end_playback:
     rc = sqlite3PagerSync(pPager, 0);
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = pager_end_transaction(pPager, zMaster[0]!='\0', 0);
+    rc = pager_end_transaction(pPager, zSuper[0]!='\0', 0);
     testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
   }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && zMaster[0] && res ){
-    /* If there was a master journal and this routine will return success,
-    ** see if it is possible to delete the master journal.
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && zSuper[0] && res ){
+    /* If there was a super-journal and this routine will return success,
+    ** see if it is possible to delete the super-journal.
     */
-    rc = pager_delmaster(pPager, zMaster);
+    assert( zSuper==&pPager->pTmpSpace[4] );
+    memset(&zSuper[-4], 0, 4);
+    rc = pager_delsuper(pPager, zSuper);
     testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
   }
   if( isHot && nPlayback ){
@@ -53089,7 +54864,7 @@ end_playback:
 
 /*
 ** Read the content for page pPg out of the database file (or out of
-** the WAL if that is where the most recent copy if found) into 
+** the WAL if that is where the most recent copy if found) into
 ** pPg->pData. A shared lock or greater must be held on the database
 ** file before this function is called.
 **
@@ -53145,8 +54920,6 @@ static int readDbPage(PgHdr *pPg){
       memcpy(&pPager->dbFileVers, dbFileVers, sizeof(pPager->dbFileVers));
     }
   }
-  CODEC1(pPager, pPg->pData, pPg->pgno, 3, rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT);
-
   PAGER_INCR(sqlite3_pager_readdb_count);
   PAGER_INCR(pPager->nRead);
   IOTRACE(("PGIN %p %d\n", pPager, pPg->pgno));
@@ -53180,15 +54953,15 @@ static void pager_write_changecounter(PgHdr *pPg){
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
 /*
-** This function is invoked once for each page that has already been 
+** This function is invoked once for each page that has already been
 ** written into the log file when a WAL transaction is rolled back.
-** Parameter iPg is the page number of said page. The pCtx argument 
+** Parameter iPg is the page number of said page. The pCtx argument
 ** is actually a pointer to the Pager structure.
 **
 ** If page iPg is present in the cache, and has no outstanding references,
 ** it is discarded. Otherwise, if there are one or more outstanding
 ** references, the page content is reloaded from the database. If the
-** attempt to reload content from the database is required and fails, 
+** attempt to reload content from the database is required and fails,
 ** return an SQLite error code. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK.
 */
 static int pagerUndoCallback(void *pCtx, Pgno iPg){
@@ -53214,7 +54987,7 @@ static int pagerUndoCallback(void *pCtx, Pgno iPg){
   ** updated as data is copied out of the rollback journal and into the
   ** database. This is not generally possible with a WAL database, as
   ** rollback involves simply truncating the log file. Therefore, if one
-  ** or more frames have already been written to the log (and therefore 
+  ** or more frames have already been written to the log (and therefore
   ** also copied into the backup databases) as part of this transaction,
   ** the backups must be restarted.
   */
@@ -53231,7 +55004,7 @@ static int pagerRollbackWal(Pager *pPager){
   PgHdr *pList;                   /* List of dirty pages to revert */
 
   /* For all pages in the cache that are currently dirty or have already
-  ** been written (but not committed) to the log file, do one of the 
+  ** been written (but not committed) to the log file, do one of the
   ** following:
   **
   **   + Discard the cached page (if refcount==0), or
@@ -53253,11 +55026,11 @@ static int pagerRollbackWal(Pager *pPager){
 ** This function is a wrapper around sqlite3WalFrames(). As well as logging
 ** the contents of the list of pages headed by pList (connected by pDirty),
 ** this function notifies any active backup processes that the pages have
-** changed. 
+** changed.
 **
 ** The list of pages passed into this routine is always sorted by page number.
 ** Hence, if page 1 appears anywhere on the list, it will be the first page.
-*/ 
+*/
 static int pagerWalFrames(
   Pager *pPager,                  /* Pager object */
   PgHdr *pList,                   /* List of frames to log */
@@ -53298,7 +55071,7 @@ static int pagerWalFrames(
   pPager->aStat[PAGER_STAT_WRITE] += nList;
 
   if( pList->pgno==1 ) pager_write_changecounter(pList);
-  rc = sqlite3WalFrames(pPager->pWal, 
+  rc = sqlite3WalFrames(pPager->pWal,
       pPager->pageSize, pList, nTruncate, isCommit, pPager->walSyncFlags
   );
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPager->pBackup ){
@@ -53413,9 +55186,9 @@ static int pagerPagecount(Pager *pPager, Pgno *pnPage){
 ** Return SQLITE_OK or an error code.
 **
 ** The caller must hold a SHARED lock on the database file to call this
-** function. Because an EXCLUSIVE lock on the db file is required to delete 
-** a WAL on a none-empty database, this ensures there is no race condition 
-** between the xAccess() below and an xDelete() being executed by some 
+** function. Because an EXCLUSIVE lock on the db file is required to delete
+** a WAL on a none-empty database, this ensures there is no race condition
+** between the xAccess() below and an xDelete() being executed by some
 ** other connection.
 */
 static int pagerOpenWalIfPresent(Pager *pPager){
@@ -53451,21 +55224,21 @@ static int pagerOpenWalIfPresent(Pager *pPager){
 
 /*
 ** Playback savepoint pSavepoint. Or, if pSavepoint==NULL, then playback
-** the entire master journal file. The case pSavepoint==NULL occurs when 
-** a ROLLBACK TO command is invoked on a SAVEPOINT that is a transaction 
+** the entire super-journal file. The case pSavepoint==NULL occurs when
+** a ROLLBACK TO command is invoked on a SAVEPOINT that is a transaction
 ** savepoint.
 **
-** When pSavepoint is not NULL (meaning a non-transaction savepoint is 
+** When pSavepoint is not NULL (meaning a non-transaction savepoint is
 ** being rolled back), then the rollback consists of up to three stages,
 ** performed in the order specified:
 **
 **   * Pages are played back from the main journal starting at byte
-**     offset PagerSavepoint.iOffset and continuing to 
+**     offset PagerSavepoint.iOffset and continuing to
 **     PagerSavepoint.iHdrOffset, or to the end of the main journal
 **     file if PagerSavepoint.iHdrOffset is zero.
 **
 **   * If PagerSavepoint.iHdrOffset is not zero, then pages are played
-**     back starting from the journal header immediately following 
+**     back starting from the journal header immediately following
 **     PagerSavepoint.iHdrOffset to the end of the main journal file.
 **
 **   * Pages are then played back from the sub-journal file, starting
@@ -53481,7 +55254,7 @@ static int pagerOpenWalIfPresent(Pager *pPager){
 ** journal file. There is no need for a bitvec in this case.
 **
 ** In either case, before playback commences the Pager.dbSize variable
-** is reset to the value that it held at the start of the savepoint 
+** is reset to the value that it held at the start of the savepoint
 ** (or transaction). No page with a page-number greater than this value
 ** is played back. If one is encountered it is simply skipped.
 */
@@ -53502,7 +55275,7 @@ static int pagerPlaybackSavepoint(Pager *pPager, PagerSavepoint *pSavepoint){
     }
   }
 
-  /* Set the database size back to the value it was before the savepoint 
+  /* Set the database size back to the value it was before the savepoint
   ** being reverted was opened.
   */
   pPager->dbSize = pSavepoint ? pSavepoint->nOrig : pPager->dbOrigSize;
@@ -53555,7 +55328,7 @@ static int pagerPlaybackSavepoint(Pager *pPager, PagerSavepoint *pSavepoint){
     ** test is related to ticket #2565.  See the discussion in the
     ** pager_playback() function for additional information.
     */
-    if( nJRec==0 
+    if( nJRec==0
      && pPager->journalHdr+JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager)==pPager->journalOff
     ){
       nJRec = (u32)((szJ - pPager->journalOff)/JOURNAL_PG_SZ(pPager));
@@ -53731,7 +55504,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetFlags(
 /*
 ** The following global variable is incremented whenever the library
 ** attempts to open a temporary file.  This information is used for
-** testing and analysis only.  
+** testing and analysis only.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_opentemp_count = 0;
@@ -53740,8 +55513,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_opentemp_count = 0;
 /*
 ** Open a temporary file.
 **
-** Write the file descriptor into *pFile. Return SQLITE_OK on success 
-** or some other error code if we fail. The OS will automatically 
+** Write the file descriptor into *pFile. Return SQLITE_OK on success
+** or some other error code if we fail. The OS will automatically
 ** delete the temporary file when it is closed.
 **
 ** The flags passed to the VFS layer xOpen() call are those specified
@@ -53773,9 +55546,9 @@ static int pagerOpentemp(
 /*
 ** Set the busy handler function.
 **
-** The pager invokes the busy-handler if sqlite3OsLock() returns 
+** The pager invokes the busy-handler if sqlite3OsLock() returns
 ** SQLITE_BUSY when trying to upgrade from no-lock to a SHARED lock,
-** or when trying to upgrade from a RESERVED lock to an EXCLUSIVE 
+** or when trying to upgrade from a RESERVED lock to an EXCLUSIVE
 ** lock. It does *not* invoke the busy handler when upgrading from
 ** SHARED to RESERVED, or when upgrading from SHARED to EXCLUSIVE
 ** (which occurs during hot-journal rollback). Summary:
@@ -53787,7 +55560,7 @@ static int pagerOpentemp(
 **   SHARED_LOCK   -> EXCLUSIVE_LOCK   | No
 **   RESERVED_LOCK -> EXCLUSIVE_LOCK   | Yes
 **
-** If the busy-handler callback returns non-zero, the lock is 
+** If the busy-handler callback returns non-zero, the lock is
 ** retried. If it returns zero, then the SQLITE_BUSY error is
 ** returned to the caller of the pager API function.
 */
@@ -53806,16 +55579,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetBusyHandler(
 }
 
 /*
-** Change the page size used by the Pager object. The new page size 
+** Change the page size used by the Pager object. The new page size
 ** is passed in *pPageSize.
 **
 ** If the pager is in the error state when this function is called, it
-** is a no-op. The value returned is the error state error code (i.e. 
+** is a no-op. The value returned is the error state error code (i.e.
 ** one of SQLITE_IOERR, an SQLITE_IOERR_xxx sub-code or SQLITE_FULL).
 **
 ** Otherwise, if all of the following are true:
 **
-**   * the new page size (value of *pPageSize) is valid (a power 
+**   * the new page size (value of *pPageSize) is valid (a power
 **     of two between 512 and SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE, inclusive), and
 **
 **   * there are no outstanding page references, and
@@ -53825,14 +55598,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetBusyHandler(
 **
 ** then the pager object page size is set to *pPageSize.
 **
-** If the page size is changed, then this function uses sqlite3PagerMalloc() 
-** to obtain a new Pager.pTmpSpace buffer. If this allocation attempt 
-** fails, SQLITE_NOMEM is returned and the page size remains unchanged. 
+** If the page size is changed, then this function uses sqlite3PagerMalloc()
+** to obtain a new Pager.pTmpSpace buffer. If this allocation attempt
+** fails, SQLITE_NOMEM is returned and the page size remains unchanged.
 ** In all other cases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
 **
 ** If the page size is not changed, either because one of the enumerated
 ** conditions above is not true, the pager was in error state when this
-** function was called, or because the memory allocation attempt failed, 
+** function was called, or because the memory allocation attempt failed,
 ** then *pPageSize is set to the old, retained page size before returning.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(Pager *pPager, u32 *pPageSize, int nReserve){
@@ -53842,7 +55615,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(Pager *pPager, u32 *pPageSize, int nR
   ** function may be called from within PagerOpen(), before the state
   ** of the Pager object is internally consistent.
   **
-  ** At one point this function returned an error if the pager was in 
+  ** At one point this function returned an error if the pager was in
   ** PAGER_ERROR state. But since PAGER_ERROR state guarantees that
   ** there is at least one outstanding page reference, this function
   ** is a no-op for that case anyhow.
@@ -53851,8 +55624,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(Pager *pPager, u32 *pPageSize, int nR
   u32 pageSize = *pPageSize;
   assert( pageSize==0 || (pageSize>=512 && pageSize<=SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE) );
   if( (pPager->memDb==0 || pPager->dbSize==0)
-   && sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0 
-   && pageSize && pageSize!=(u32)pPager->pageSize 
+   && sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0
+   && pageSize && pageSize!=(u32)pPager->pageSize
   ){
     char *pNew = NULL;             /* New temp space */
     i64 nByte = 0;
@@ -53861,8 +55634,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(Pager *pPager, u32 *pPageSize, int nR
       rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->fd, &nByte);
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      pNew = (char *)sqlite3PageMalloc(pageSize);
-      if( !pNew ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+      /* 8 bytes of zeroed overrun space is sufficient so that the b-tree
+      * cell header parser will never run off the end of the allocation */
+      pNew = (char *)sqlite3PageMalloc(pageSize+8);
+      if( !pNew ){
+        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+      }else{
+        memset(pNew+pageSize, 0, 8);
+      }
     }
 
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -53884,7 +55663,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(Pager *pPager, u32 *pPageSize, int nR
     if( nReserve<0 ) nReserve = pPager->nReserve;
     assert( nReserve>=0 && nReserve<1000 );
     pPager->nReserve = (i16)nReserve;
-    pagerReportSize(pPager);
     pagerFixMaplimit(pPager);
   }
   return rc;
@@ -53903,18 +55681,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerTempSpace(Pager *pPager){
 }
 
 /*
-** Attempt to set the maximum database page count if mxPage is positive. 
+** Attempt to set the maximum database page count if mxPage is positive.
 ** Make no changes if mxPage is zero or negative.  And never reduce the
 ** maximum page count below the current size of the database.
 **
 ** Regardless of mxPage, return the current maximum page count.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMaxPageCount(Pager *pPager, int mxPage){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Pgno sqlite3PagerMaxPageCount(Pager *pPager, Pgno mxPage){
   if( mxPage>0 ){
     pPager->mxPgno = mxPage;
   }
   assert( pPager->eState!=PAGER_OPEN );      /* Called only by OP_MaxPgcnt */
-  assert( pPager->mxPgno>=pPager->dbSize );  /* OP_MaxPgcnt enforces this */
+  /* assert( pPager->mxPgno>=pPager->dbSize ); */
+  /* OP_MaxPgcnt ensures that the parameter passed to this function is not
+  ** less than the total number of valid pages in the database. But this
+  ** may be less than Pager.dbSize, and so the assert() above is not valid */
   return pPager->mxPgno;
 }
 
@@ -53944,11 +55725,11 @@ void enable_simulated_io_errors(void){
 
 /*
 ** Read the first N bytes from the beginning of the file into memory
-** that pDest points to. 
+** that pDest points to.
 **
 ** If the pager was opened on a transient file (zFilename==""), or
 ** opened on a file less than N bytes in size, the output buffer is
-** zeroed and SQLITE_OK returned. The rationale for this is that this 
+** zeroed and SQLITE_OK returned. The rationale for this is that this
 ** function is used to read database headers, and a new transient or
 ** zero sized database has a header than consists entirely of zeroes.
 **
@@ -53981,7 +55762,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerReadFileheader(Pager *pPager, int N, unsigned cha
 ** This function may only be called when a read-transaction is open on
 ** the pager. It returns the total number of pages in the database.
 **
-** However, if the file is between 1 and <page-size> bytes in size, then 
+** However, if the file is between 1 and <page-size> bytes in size, then
 ** this is considered a 1 page file.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerPagecount(Pager *pPager, int *pnPage){
@@ -53996,19 +55777,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerPagecount(Pager *pPager, int *pnPage){
 ** a similar or greater lock is already held, this function is a no-op
 ** (returning SQLITE_OK immediately).
 **
-** Otherwise, attempt to obtain the lock using sqlite3OsLock(). Invoke 
-** the busy callback if the lock is currently not available. Repeat 
-** until the busy callback returns false or until the attempt to 
+** Otherwise, attempt to obtain the lock using sqlite3OsLock(). Invoke
+** the busy callback if the lock is currently not available. Repeat
+** until the busy callback returns false or until the attempt to
 ** obtain the lock succeeds.
 **
 ** Return SQLITE_OK on success and an error code if we cannot obtain
-** the lock. If the lock is obtained successfully, set the Pager.state 
+** the lock. If the lock is obtained successfully, set the Pager.state
 ** variable to locktype before returning.
 */
 static int pager_wait_on_lock(Pager *pPager, int locktype){
   int rc;                              /* Return code */
 
-  /* Check that this is either a no-op (because the requested lock is 
+  /* Check that this is either a no-op (because the requested lock is
   ** already held), or one of the transitions that the busy-handler
   ** may be invoked during, according to the comment above
   ** sqlite3PagerSetBusyhandler().
@@ -54025,10 +55806,10 @@ static int pager_wait_on_lock(Pager *pPager, int locktype){
 }
 
 /*
-** Function assertTruncateConstraint(pPager) checks that one of the 
+** Function assertTruncateConstraint(pPager) checks that one of the
 ** following is true for all dirty pages currently in the page-cache:
 **
-**   a) The page number is less than or equal to the size of the 
+**   a) The page number is less than or equal to the size of the
 **      current database image, in pages, OR
 **
 **   b) if the page content were written at this time, it would not
@@ -54041,9 +55822,9 @@ static int pager_wait_on_lock(Pager *pPager, int locktype){
 ** the database file. If a savepoint transaction were rolled back after
 ** this happened, the correct behavior would be to restore the current
 ** content of the page. However, since this content is not present in either
-** the database file or the portion of the rollback journal and 
+** the database file or the portion of the rollback journal and
 ** sub-journal rolled back the content could not be restored and the
-** database image would become corrupt. It is therefore fortunate that 
+** database image would become corrupt. It is therefore fortunate that
 ** this circumstance cannot arise.
 */
 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
@@ -54059,9 +55840,9 @@ static void assertTruncateConstraint(Pager *pPager){
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Truncate the in-memory database file image to nPage pages. This 
-** function does not actually modify the database file on disk. It 
-** just sets the internal state of the pager object so that the 
+** Truncate the in-memory database file image to nPage pages. This
+** function does not actually modify the database file on disk. It
+** just sets the internal state of the pager object so that the
 ** truncation will be done when the current transaction is committed.
 **
 ** This function is only called right before committing a transaction.
@@ -54076,11 +55857,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(Pager *pPager, Pgno nPage){
 
   /* At one point the code here called assertTruncateConstraint() to
   ** ensure that all pages being truncated away by this operation are,
-  ** if one or more savepoints are open, present in the savepoint 
+  ** if one or more savepoints are open, present in the savepoint
   ** journal so that they can be restored if the savepoint is rolled
   ** back. This is no longer necessary as this function is now only
-  ** called right before committing a transaction. So although the 
-  ** Pager object may still have open savepoints (Pager.nSavepoint!=0), 
+  ** called right before committing a transaction. So although the
+  ** Pager object may still have open savepoints (Pager.nSavepoint!=0),
   ** they cannot be rolled back. So the assertTruncateConstraint() call
   ** is no longer correct. */
 }
@@ -54092,12 +55873,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(Pager *pPager, Pgno nPage){
 ** size of the journal file so that the pager_playback() routine knows
 ** that the entire journal file has been synced.
 **
-** Syncing a hot-journal to disk before attempting to roll it back ensures 
+** Syncing a hot-journal to disk before attempting to roll it back ensures
 ** that if a power-failure occurs during the rollback, the process that
 ** attempts rollback following system recovery sees the same journal
 ** content as this process.
 **
-** If everything goes as planned, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, 
+** If everything goes as planned, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,
 ** an SQLite error code.
 */
 static int pagerSyncHotJournal(Pager *pPager){
@@ -54113,7 +55894,7 @@ static int pagerSyncHotJournal(Pager *pPager){
 
 #if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
 /*
-** Obtain a reference to a memory mapped page object for page number pgno. 
+** Obtain a reference to a memory mapped page object for page number pgno.
 ** The new object will use the pointer pData, obtained from xFetch().
 ** If successful, set *ppPage to point to the new page reference
 ** and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, return an SQLite error code and set
@@ -54129,7 +55910,7 @@ static int pagerAcquireMapPage(
   PgHdr **ppPage                  /* OUT: Acquired page object */
 ){
   PgHdr *p;                       /* Memory mapped page to return */
-  
+
   if( pPager->pMmapFreelist ){
     *ppPage = p = pPager->pMmapFreelist;
     pPager->pMmapFreelist = p->pDirty;
@@ -54163,7 +55944,7 @@ static int pagerAcquireMapPage(
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Release a reference to page pPg. pPg must have been returned by an 
+** Release a reference to page pPg. pPg must have been returned by an
 ** earlier call to pagerAcquireMapPage().
 */
 static void pagerReleaseMapPage(PgHdr *pPg){
@@ -54223,7 +56004,7 @@ static int databaseIsUnmoved(Pager *pPager){
 ** result in a coredump.
 **
 ** This function always succeeds. If a transaction is active an attempt
-** is made to roll it back. If an error occurs during the rollback 
+** is made to roll it back. If an error occurs during the rollback
 ** a hot journal may be left in the filesystem but no error is returned
 ** to the caller.
 */
@@ -54240,7 +56021,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerClose(Pager *pPager, sqlite3 *db){
   {
     u8 *a = 0;
     assert( db || pPager->pWal==0 );
-    if( db && 0==(db->flags & SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose) 
+    if( db && 0==(db->flags & SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose)
      && SQLITE_OK==databaseIsUnmoved(pPager)
     ){
       a = pTmp;
@@ -54254,8 +56035,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerClose(Pager *pPager, sqlite3 *db){
     pager_unlock(pPager);
   }else{
     /* If it is open, sync the journal file before calling UnlockAndRollback.
-    ** If this is not done, then an unsynced portion of the open journal 
-    ** file may be played back into the database. If a power failure occurs 
+    ** If this is not done, then an unsynced portion of the open journal
+    ** file may be played back into the database. If a power failure occurs
     ** while this is happening, the database could become corrupt.
     **
     ** If an error occurs while trying to sync the journal, shift the pager
@@ -54277,11 +56058,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerClose(Pager *pPager, sqlite3 *db){
   sqlite3OsClose(pPager->fd);
   sqlite3PageFree(pTmp);
   sqlite3PcacheClose(pPager->pPCache);
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  if( pPager->xCodecFree ) pPager->xCodecFree(pPager->pCodec);
-#endif
-
   assert( !pPager->aSavepoint && !pPager->pInJournal );
   assert( !isOpen(pPager->jfd) && !isOpen(pPager->sjfd) );
 
@@ -54311,7 +56087,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerRef(DbPage *pPg){
 ** disk and can be restored in the event of a hot-journal rollback.
 **
 ** If the Pager.noSync flag is set, then this function is a no-op.
-** Otherwise, the actions required depend on the journal-mode and the 
+** Otherwise, the actions required depend on the journal-mode and the
 ** device characteristics of the file-system, as follows:
 **
 **   * If the journal file is an in-memory journal file, no action need
@@ -54323,7 +56099,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerRef(DbPage *pPg){
 **     been written following it. If the pager is operating in full-sync
 **     mode, then the journal file is synced before this field is updated.
 **
-**   * If the device does not support the SEQUENTIAL property, then 
+**   * If the device does not support the SEQUENTIAL property, then
 **     journal file is synced.
 **
 ** Or, in pseudo-code:
@@ -54332,11 +56108,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerRef(DbPage *pPg){
 **     if( NOT SAFE_APPEND ){
 **       if( <full-sync mode> ) xSync(<journal file>);
 **       <update nRec field>
-**     } 
+**     }
 **     if( NOT SEQUENTIAL ) xSync(<journal file>);
 **   }
 **
-** If successful, this routine clears the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag of every 
+** If successful, this routine clears the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag of every
 ** page currently held in memory before returning SQLITE_OK. If an IO
 ** error is encountered, then the IO error code is returned to the caller.
 */
@@ -54364,10 +56140,10 @@ static int syncJournal(Pager *pPager, int newHdr){
         ** mode, then the journal file may at this point actually be larger
         ** than Pager.journalOff bytes. If the next thing in the journal
         ** file happens to be a journal-header (written as part of the
-        ** previous connection's transaction), and a crash or power-failure 
-        ** occurs after nRec is updated but before this connection writes 
-        ** anything else to the journal file (or commits/rolls back its 
-        ** transaction), then SQLite may become confused when doing the 
+        ** previous connection's transaction), and a crash or power-failure
+        ** occurs after nRec is updated but before this connection writes
+        ** anything else to the journal file (or commits/rolls back its
+        ** transaction), then SQLite may become confused when doing the
         ** hot-journal rollback following recovery. It may roll back all
         ** of this connections data, then proceed to rolling back the old,
         ** out-of-date data that follows it. Database corruption.
@@ -54377,7 +56153,7 @@ static int syncJournal(Pager *pPager, int newHdr){
         ** byte to the start of it to prevent it from being recognized.
         **
         ** Variable iNextHdrOffset is set to the offset at which this
-        ** problematic header will occur, if it exists. aMagic is used 
+        ** problematic header will occur, if it exists. aMagic is used
         ** as a temporary buffer to inspect the first couple of bytes of
         ** the potential journal header.
         */
@@ -54404,7 +56180,7 @@ static int syncJournal(Pager *pPager, int newHdr){
         ** it as a candidate for rollback.
         **
         ** This is not required if the persistent media supports the
-        ** SAFE_APPEND property. Because in this case it is not possible 
+        ** SAFE_APPEND property. Because in this case it is not possible
         ** for garbage data to be appended to the file, the nRec field
         ** is populated with 0xFFFFFFFF when the journal header is written
         ** and never needs to be updated.
@@ -54424,7 +56200,7 @@ static int syncJournal(Pager *pPager, int newHdr){
       if( 0==(iDc&SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL) ){
         PAGERTRACE(("SYNC journal of %d\n", PAGERID(pPager)));
         IOTRACE(("JSYNC %p\n", pPager))
-        rc = sqlite3OsSync(pPager->jfd, pPager->syncFlags| 
+        rc = sqlite3OsSync(pPager->jfd, pPager->syncFlags|
           (pPager->syncFlags==SQLITE_SYNC_FULL?SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY:0)
         );
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
@@ -54441,8 +56217,8 @@ static int syncJournal(Pager *pPager, int newHdr){
     }
   }
 
-  /* Unless the pager is in noSync mode, the journal file was just 
-  ** successfully synced. Either way, clear the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag on 
+  /* Unless the pager is in noSync mode, the journal file was just
+  ** successfully synced. Either way, clear the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag on
   ** all pages.
   */
   sqlite3PcacheClearSyncFlags(pPager->pPCache);
@@ -54462,9 +56238,9 @@ static int syncJournal(Pager *pPager, int newHdr){
 ** is called. Before writing anything to the database file, this lock
 ** is upgraded to an EXCLUSIVE lock. If the lock cannot be obtained,
 ** SQLITE_BUSY is returned and no data is written to the database file.
-** 
+**
 ** If the pager is a temp-file pager and the actual file-system file
-** is not yet open, it is created and opened before any data is 
+** is not yet open, it is created and opened before any data is
 ** written out.
 **
 ** Once the lock has been upgraded and, if necessary, the file opened,
@@ -54479,7 +56255,7 @@ static int syncJournal(Pager *pPager, int newHdr){
 ** in Pager.dbFileVers[] is updated to match the new value stored in
 ** the database file.
 **
-** If everything is successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an IO error 
+** If everything is successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an IO error
 ** occurs, an IO error code is returned. Or, if the EXCLUSIVE lock cannot
 ** be obtained, SQLITE_BUSY is returned.
 */
@@ -54505,7 +56281,7 @@ static int pager_write_pagelist(Pager *pPager, PgHdr *pList){
   ** file size will be.
   */
   assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || isOpen(pPager->fd) );
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK 
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK
    && pPager->dbHintSize<pPager->dbSize
    && (pList->pDirty || pList->pgno>pPager->dbHintSize)
   ){
@@ -54527,20 +56303,19 @@ static int pager_write_pagelist(Pager *pPager, PgHdr *pList){
     */
     if( pgno<=pPager->dbSize && 0==(pList->flags&PGHDR_DONT_WRITE) ){
       i64 offset = (pgno-1)*(i64)pPager->pageSize;   /* Offset to write */
-      char *pData;                                   /* Data to write */    
+      char *pData;                                   /* Data to write */
 
       assert( (pList->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)==0 );
       if( pList->pgno==1 ) pager_write_changecounter(pList);
 
-      /* Encode the database */
-      CODEC2(pPager, pList->pData, pgno, 6, return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT, pData);
+      pData = pList->pData;
 
       /* Write out the page data. */
       rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->fd, pData, pPager->pageSize, offset);
 
       /* If page 1 was just written, update Pager.dbFileVers to match
-      ** the value now stored in the database file. If writing this 
-      ** page caused the database file to grow, update dbFileSize. 
+      ** the value now stored in the database file. If writing this
+      ** page caused the database file to grow, update dbFileSize.
       */
       if( pgno==1 ){
         memcpy(&pPager->dbFileVers, &pData[24], sizeof(pPager->dbFileVers));
@@ -54568,18 +56343,18 @@ static int pager_write_pagelist(Pager *pPager, PgHdr *pList){
 }
 
 /*
-** Ensure that the sub-journal file is open. If it is already open, this 
+** Ensure that the sub-journal file is open. If it is already open, this
 ** function is a no-op.
 **
-** SQLITE_OK is returned if everything goes according to plan. An 
-** SQLITE_IOERR_XXX error code is returned if a call to sqlite3OsOpen() 
+** SQLITE_OK is returned if everything goes according to plan. An
+** SQLITE_IOERR_XXX error code is returned if a call to sqlite3OsOpen()
 ** fails.
 */
 static int openSubJournal(Pager *pPager){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   if( !isOpen(pPager->sjfd) ){
-    const int flags =  SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL | SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE 
-      | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE 
+    const int flags =  SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL | SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE
+      | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE
       | SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE;
     int nStmtSpill = sqlite3Config.nStmtSpill;
     if( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY || pPager->subjInMemory ){
@@ -54591,13 +56366,13 @@ static int openSubJournal(Pager *pPager){
 }
 
 /*
-** Append a record of the current state of page pPg to the sub-journal. 
+** Append a record of the current state of page pPg to the sub-journal.
 **
 ** If successful, set the bit corresponding to pPg->pgno in the bitvecs
 ** for all open savepoints before returning.
 **
 ** This function returns SQLITE_OK if everything is successful, an IO
-** error code if the attempt to write to the sub-journal fails, or 
+** error code if the attempt to write to the sub-journal fails, or
 ** SQLITE_NOMEM if a malloc fails while setting a bit in a savepoint
 ** bitvec.
 */
@@ -54610,9 +56385,9 @@ static int subjournalPage(PgHdr *pPg){
     assert( pPager->useJournal );
     assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd) || pagerUseWal(pPager) );
     assert( isOpen(pPager->sjfd) || pPager->nSubRec==0 );
-    assert( pagerUseWal(pPager) 
-         || pageInJournal(pPager, pPg) 
-         || pPg->pgno>pPager->dbOrigSize 
+    assert( pagerUseWal(pPager)
+         || pageInJournal(pPager, pPg)
+         || pPg->pgno>pPager->dbOrigSize
     );
     rc = openSubJournal(pPager);
 
@@ -54622,12 +56397,6 @@ static int subjournalPage(PgHdr *pPg){
       void *pData = pPg->pData;
       i64 offset = (i64)pPager->nSubRec*(4+pPager->pageSize);
       char *pData2;
-
-#if SQLITE_HAS_CODEC   
-      if( !pPager->subjInMemory ){
-        CODEC2(pPager, pData, pPg->pgno, 7, return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT, pData2);
-      }else
-#endif
       pData2 = pData;
       PAGERTRACE(("STMT-JOURNAL %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno));
       rc = write32bits(pPager->sjfd, offset, pPg->pgno);
@@ -54655,14 +56424,14 @@ static int subjournalPageIfRequired(PgHdr *pPg){
 ** This function is called by the pcache layer when it has reached some
 ** soft memory limit. The first argument is a pointer to a Pager object
 ** (cast as a void*). The pager is always 'purgeable' (not an in-memory
-** database). The second argument is a reference to a page that is 
+** database). The second argument is a reference to a page that is
 ** currently dirty but has no outstanding references. The page
-** is always associated with the Pager object passed as the first 
+** is always associated with the Pager object passed as the first
 ** argument.
 **
 ** The job of this function is to make pPg clean by writing its contents
 ** out to the database file, if possible. This may involve syncing the
-** journal file. 
+** journal file.
 **
 ** If successful, sqlite3PcacheMakeClean() is called on the page and
 ** SQLITE_OK returned. If an IO error occurs while trying to make the
@@ -54687,7 +56456,7 @@ static int pagerStress(void *p, PgHdr *pPg){
   ** a rollback or by user request, respectively.
   **
   ** Spilling is also prohibited when in an error state since that could
-  ** lead to database corruption.   In the current implementation it 
+  ** lead to database corruption.   In the current implementation it
   ** is impossible for sqlite3PcacheFetch() to be called with createFlag==3
   ** while in the error state, hence it is impossible for this routine to
   ** be called in the error state.  Nevertheless, we include a NEVER()
@@ -54708,26 +56477,26 @@ static int pagerStress(void *p, PgHdr *pPg){
   pPg->pDirty = 0;
   if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
     /* Write a single frame for this page to the log. */
-    rc = subjournalPageIfRequired(pPg); 
+    rc = subjournalPageIfRequired(pPg);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       rc = pagerWalFrames(pPager, pPg, 0, 0);
     }
   }else{
-    
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
     if( pPager->tempFile==0 ){
       rc = sqlite3JournalCreate(pPager->jfd);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return pager_error(pPager, rc);
     }
 #endif
-  
+
     /* Sync the journal file if required. */
-    if( pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC 
+    if( pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC
      || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD
     ){
       rc = syncJournal(pPager, 1);
     }
-  
+
     /* Write the contents of the page out to the database file. */
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       assert( (pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)==0 );
@@ -54741,7 +56510,7 @@ static int pagerStress(void *p, PgHdr *pPg){
     sqlite3PcacheMakeClean(pPg);
   }
 
-  return pager_error(pPager, rc); 
+  return pager_error(pPager, rc);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -54772,8 +56541,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerFlush(Pager *pPager){
 ** The zFilename argument is the path to the database file to open.
 ** If zFilename is NULL then a randomly-named temporary file is created
 ** and used as the file to be cached. Temporary files are be deleted
-** automatically when they are closed. If zFilename is ":memory:" then 
-** all information is held in cache. It is never written to disk. 
+** automatically when they are closed. If zFilename is ":memory:" then
+** all information is held in cache. It is never written to disk.
 ** This can be used to implement an in-memory database.
 **
 ** The nExtra parameter specifies the number of bytes of space allocated
@@ -54787,13 +56556,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerFlush(Pager *pPager){
 ** of the PAGER_* flags.
 **
 ** The vfsFlags parameter is a bitmask to pass to the flags parameter
-** of the xOpen() method of the supplied VFS when opening files. 
+** of the xOpen() method of the supplied VFS when opening files.
 **
-** If the pager object is allocated and the specified file opened 
+** If the pager object is allocated and the specified file opened
 ** successfully, SQLITE_OK is returned and *ppPager set to point to
 ** the new pager object. If an error occurs, *ppPager is set to NULL
 ** and error code returned. This function may return SQLITE_NOMEM
-** (sqlite3Malloc() is used to allocate memory), SQLITE_CANTOPEN or 
+** (sqlite3Malloc() is used to allocate memory), SQLITE_CANTOPEN or
 ** various SQLITE_IO_XXX errors.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
@@ -54823,7 +56592,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
   int pcacheSize = sqlite3PcacheSize();       /* Bytes to allocate for PCache */
   u32 szPageDflt = SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;  /* Default page size */
   const char *zUri = 0;    /* URI args to copy */
-  int nUri = 0;            /* Number of bytes of URI args at *zUri */
+  int nUriByte = 1;        /* Number of bytes of URI args at *zUri */
+  int nUri = 0;            /* Number of URI parameters */
 
   /* Figure out how much space is required for each journal file-handle
   ** (there are two of them, the main journal and the sub-journal).  */
@@ -54857,14 +56627,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
     }
     zPathname[0] = 0; /* Make sure initialized even if FullPathname() fails */
     rc = sqlite3OsFullPathname(pVfs, zFilename, nPathname, zPathname);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK ){
+        if( vfsFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW ){
+          rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK;
+        }else{
+          rc = SQLITE_OK;
+        }
+      }
+    }
     nPathname = sqlite3Strlen30(zPathname);
     z = zUri = &zFilename[sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename)+1];
     while( *z ){
-      z += sqlite3Strlen30(z)+1;
-      z += sqlite3Strlen30(z)+1;
+      z += strlen(z)+1;
+      z += strlen(z)+1;
+      nUri++;
     }
-    nUri = (int)(&z[1] - zUri);
-    assert( nUri>=0 );
+    nUriByte = (int)(&z[1] - zUri);
+    assert( nUriByte>=1 );
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nPathname+8>pVfs->mxPathname ){
       /* This branch is taken when the journal path required by
       ** the database being opened will be more than pVfs->mxPathname
@@ -54881,7 +56661,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
   }
 
   /* Allocate memory for the Pager structure, PCache object, the
-  ** three file descriptors, the database file name and the journal 
+  ** three file descriptors, the database file name and the journal
   ** file name. The layout in memory is as follows:
   **
   **     Pager object                    (sizeof(Pager) bytes)
@@ -54889,50 +56669,111 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
   **     Database file handle            (pVfs->szOsFile bytes)
   **     Sub-journal file handle         (journalFileSize bytes)
   **     Main journal file handle        (journalFileSize bytes)
+  **     Ptr back to the Pager           (sizeof(Pager*) bytes)
+  **     \0\0\0\0 database prefix        (4 bytes)
   **     Database file name              (nPathname+1 bytes)
-  **     Journal file name               (nPathname+8+1 bytes)
+  **     URI query parameters            (nUriByte bytes)
+  **     Journal filename                (nPathname+8+1 bytes)
+  **     WAL filename                    (nPathname+4+1 bytes)
+  **     \0\0\0 terminator               (3 bytes)
+  **
+  ** Some 3rd-party software, over which we have no control, depends on
+  ** the specific order of the filenames and the \0 separators between them
+  ** so that it can (for example) find the database filename given the WAL
+  ** filename without using the sqlite3_filename_database() API.  This is a
+  ** misuse of SQLite and a bug in the 3rd-party software, but the 3rd-party
+  ** software is in widespread use, so we try to avoid changing the filename
+  ** order and formatting if possible.  In particular, the details of the
+  ** filename format expected by 3rd-party software should be as follows:
+  **
+  **   - Main Database Path
+  **   - \0
+  **   - Multiple URI components consisting of:
+  **     - Key
+  **     - \0
+  **     - Value
+  **     - \0
+  **   - \0
+  **   - Journal Path
+  **   - \0
+  **   - WAL Path (zWALName)
+  **   - \0
+  **
+  ** The sqlite3_create_filename() interface and the databaseFilename() utility
+  ** that is used by sqlite3_filename_database() and kin also depend on the
+  ** specific formatting and order of the various filenames, so if the format
+  ** changes here, be sure to change it there as well.
   */
   pPtr = (u8 *)sqlite3MallocZero(
-    ROUND8(sizeof(*pPager)) +      /* Pager structure */
-    ROUND8(pcacheSize) +           /* PCache object */
-    ROUND8(pVfs->szOsFile) +       /* The main db file */
-    journalFileSize * 2 +          /* The two journal files */ 
-    nPathname + 1 + nUri +         /* zFilename */
-    nPathname + 8 + 2              /* zJournal */
+    ROUND8(sizeof(*pPager)) +            /* Pager structure */
+    ROUND8(pcacheSize) +                 /* PCache object */
+    ROUND8(pVfs->szOsFile) +             /* The main db file */
+    journalFileSize * 2 +                /* The two journal files */
+    sizeof(pPager) +                     /* Space to hold a pointer */
+    4 +                                  /* Database prefix */
+    nPathname + 1 +                      /* database filename */
+    nUriByte +                           /* query parameters */
+    nPathname + 8 + 1 +                  /* Journal filename */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
-    + nPathname + 4 + 2            /* zWal */
+    nPathname + 4 + 1 +                  /* WAL filename */
 #endif
+    3                                    /* Terminator */
   );
   assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(journalFileSize)) );
   if( !pPtr ){
     sqlite3DbFree(0, zPathname);
     return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
-  pPager =              (Pager*)(pPtr);
-  pPager->pPCache =    (PCache*)(pPtr += ROUND8(sizeof(*pPager)));
-  pPager->fd =   (sqlite3_file*)(pPtr += ROUND8(pcacheSize));
-  pPager->sjfd = (sqlite3_file*)(pPtr += ROUND8(pVfs->szOsFile));
-  pPager->jfd =  (sqlite3_file*)(pPtr += journalFileSize);
-  pPager->zFilename =    (char*)(pPtr += journalFileSize);
+  pPager = (Pager*)pPtr;                  pPtr += ROUND8(sizeof(*pPager));
+  pPager->pPCache = (PCache*)pPtr;        pPtr += ROUND8(pcacheSize);
+  pPager->fd = (sqlite3_file*)pPtr;       pPtr += ROUND8(pVfs->szOsFile);
+  pPager->sjfd = (sqlite3_file*)pPtr;     pPtr += journalFileSize;
+  pPager->jfd =  (sqlite3_file*)pPtr;     pPtr += journalFileSize;
   assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pPager->jfd) );
+  memcpy(pPtr, &pPager, sizeof(pPager));  pPtr += sizeof(pPager);
+
+  /* Fill in the Pager.zFilename and pPager.zQueryParam fields */
+                                          pPtr += 4;  /* Skip zero prefix */
+  pPager->zFilename = (char*)pPtr;
+  if( nPathname>0 ){
+    memcpy(pPtr, zPathname, nPathname);   pPtr += nPathname + 1;
+    if( zUri ){
+      memcpy(pPtr, zUri, nUriByte);       pPtr += nUriByte;
+    }else{
+                                          pPtr++;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /* Fill in Pager.zJournal */
+  if( nPathname>0 ){
+    pPager->zJournal = (char*)pPtr;
+    memcpy(pPtr, zPathname, nPathname);   pPtr += nPathname;
+    memcpy(pPtr, "-journal",8);           pPtr += 8 + 1;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
+    sqlite3FileSuffix3(zFilename,pPager->zJournal);
+    pPtr = (u8*)(pPager->zJournal + sqlite3Strlen30(pPager->zJournal)+1);
+#endif
+  }else{
+    pPager->zJournal = 0;
+  }
 
-  /* Fill in the Pager.zFilename and Pager.zJournal buffers, if required. */
-  if( zPathname ){
-    assert( nPathname>0 );
-    pPager->zJournal =   (char*)(pPtr += nPathname + 1 + nUri);
-    memcpy(pPager->zFilename, zPathname, nPathname);
-    if( nUri ) memcpy(&pPager->zFilename[nPathname+1], zUri, nUri);
-    memcpy(pPager->zJournal, zPathname, nPathname);
-    memcpy(&pPager->zJournal[nPathname], "-journal\000", 8+2);
-    sqlite3FileSuffix3(pPager->zFilename, pPager->zJournal);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
-    pPager->zWal = &pPager->zJournal[nPathname+8+1];
-    memcpy(pPager->zWal, zPathname, nPathname);
-    memcpy(&pPager->zWal[nPathname], "-wal\000", 4+1);
-    sqlite3FileSuffix3(pPager->zFilename, pPager->zWal);
+  /* Fill in Pager.zWal */
+  if( nPathname>0 ){
+    pPager->zWal = (char*)pPtr;
+    memcpy(pPtr, zPathname, nPathname);   pPtr += nPathname;
+    memcpy(pPtr, "-wal", 4);              pPtr += 4 + 1;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
+    sqlite3FileSuffix3(zFilename, pPager->zWal);
+    pPtr = (u8*)(pPager->zWal + sqlite3Strlen30(pPager->zWal)+1);
 #endif
-    sqlite3DbFree(0, zPathname);
+  }else{
+    pPager->zWal = 0;
   }
+#endif
+
+  if( nPathname ) sqlite3DbFree(0, zPathname);
   pPager->pVfs = pVfs;
   pPager->vfsFlags = vfsFlags;
 
@@ -54981,9 +56822,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
         }
 #endif
       }
-      pPager->noLock = sqlite3_uri_boolean(zFilename, "nolock", 0);
+      pPager->noLock = sqlite3_uri_boolean(pPager->zFilename, "nolock", 0);
       if( (iDc & SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE)!=0
-       || sqlite3_uri_boolean(zFilename, "immutable", 0) ){
+       || sqlite3_uri_boolean(pPager->zFilename, "immutable", 0) ){
           vfsFlags |= SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
           goto act_like_temp_file;
       }
@@ -54998,7 +56839,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
     ** disk and uses an in-memory rollback journal.
     **
     ** This branch also runs for files marked as immutable.
-    */ 
+    */
 act_like_temp_file:
     tempFile = 1;
     pPager->eState = PAGER_READER;     /* Pretend we already have a lock */
@@ -55007,7 +56848,7 @@ act_like_temp_file:
     readOnly = (vfsFlags&SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY);
   }
 
-  /* The following call to PagerSetPagesize() serves to set the value of 
+  /* The following call to PagerSetPagesize() serves to set the value of
   ** Pager.pageSize and to allocate the Pager.pTmpSpace buffer.
   */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -55047,10 +56888,10 @@ act_like_temp_file:
   /* pPager->state = PAGER_UNLOCK; */
   /* pPager->errMask = 0; */
   pPager->tempFile = (u8)tempFile;
-  assert( tempFile==PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_NORMAL 
+  assert( tempFile==PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_NORMAL
           || tempFile==PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE );
   assert( PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE==1 );
-  pPager->exclusiveMode = (u8)tempFile; 
+  pPager->exclusiveMode = (u8)tempFile;
   pPager->changeCountDone = pPager->tempFile;
   pPager->memDb = (u8)memDb;
   pPager->readOnly = (u8)readOnly;
@@ -55090,12 +56931,25 @@ act_like_temp_file:
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
+/*
+** Return the sqlite3_file for the main database given the name
+** of the corresonding WAL or Journal name as passed into
+** xOpen.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_file *sqlite3_database_file_object(const char *zName){
+  Pager *pPager;
+  while( zName[-1]!=0 || zName[-2]!=0 || zName[-3]!=0 || zName[-4]!=0 ){
+    zName--;
+  }
+  pPager = *(Pager**)(zName - 4 - sizeof(Pager*));
+  return pPager->fd;
+}
 
 
 /*
 ** This function is called after transitioning from PAGER_UNLOCK to
 ** PAGER_SHARED state. It tests if there is a hot journal present in
-** the file-system for the given pager. A hot journal is one that 
+** the file-system for the given pager. A hot journal is one that
 ** needs to be played back. According to this function, a hot-journal
 ** file exists if the following criteria are met:
 **
@@ -55110,14 +56964,14 @@ act_like_temp_file:
 ** just deleted using OsDelete, *pExists is set to 0 and SQLITE_OK
 ** is returned.
 **
-** This routine does not check if there is a master journal filename
-** at the end of the file. If there is, and that master journal file
+** This routine does not check if there is a super-journal filename
+** at the end of the file. If there is, and that super-journal file
 ** does not exist, then the journal file is not really hot. In this
 ** case this routine will return a false-positive. The pager_playback()
-** routine will discover that the journal file is not really hot and 
-** will not roll it back. 
+** routine will discover that the journal file is not really hot and
+** will not roll it back.
 **
-** If a hot-journal file is found to exist, *pExists is set to 1 and 
+** If a hot-journal file is found to exist, *pExists is set to 1 and
 ** SQLITE_OK returned. If no hot-journal file is present, *pExists is
 ** set to 0 and SQLITE_OK returned. If an IO error occurs while trying
 ** to determine whether or not a hot-journal file exists, the IO error
@@ -55145,7 +56999,7 @@ static int hasHotJournal(Pager *pPager, int *pExists){
     int locked = 0;             /* True if some process holds a RESERVED lock */
 
     /* Race condition here:  Another process might have been holding the
-    ** the RESERVED lock and have a journal open at the sqlite3OsAccess() 
+    ** the RESERVED lock and have a journal open at the sqlite3OsAccess()
     ** call above, but then delete the journal and drop the lock before
     ** we get to the following sqlite3OsCheckReservedLock() call.  If that
     ** is the case, this routine might think there is a hot journal when
@@ -55178,7 +57032,7 @@ static int hasHotJournal(Pager *pPager, int *pExists){
           /* The journal file exists and no other connection has a reserved
           ** or greater lock on the database file. Now check that there is
           ** at least one non-zero bytes at the start of the journal file.
-          ** If there is, then we consider this journal to be hot. If not, 
+          ** If there is, then we consider this journal to be hot. If not,
           ** it can be ignored.
           */
           if( !jrnlOpen ){
@@ -55228,7 +57082,7 @@ static int hasHotJournal(Pager *pPager, int *pExists){
 **      on the database file), then an attempt is made to obtain a
 **      SHARED lock on the database file. Immediately after obtaining
 **      the SHARED lock, the file-system is checked for a hot-journal,
-**      which is played back if present. Following any hot-journal 
+**      which is played back if present. Following any hot-journal
 **      rollback, the contents of the cache are validated by checking
 **      the 'change-counter' field of the database file header and
 **      discarded if they are found to be invalid.
@@ -55239,8 +57093,8 @@ static int hasHotJournal(Pager *pPager, int *pExists){
 **      the contents of the page cache and rolling back any open journal
 **      file.
 **
-** If everything is successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an IO error 
-** occurs while locking the database, checking for a hot-journal file or 
+** If everything is successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an IO error
+** occurs while locking the database, checking for a hot-journal file or
 ** rolling back a journal file, the IO error code is returned.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
@@ -55248,7 +57102,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
 
   /* This routine is only called from b-tree and only when there are no
   ** outstanding pages. This implies that the pager state should either
-  ** be OPEN or READER. READER is only possible if the pager is or was in 
+  ** be OPEN or READER. READER is only possible if the pager is or was in
   ** exclusive access mode.  */
   assert( sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0 );
   assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
@@ -55286,12 +57140,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
       ** important that a RESERVED lock is not obtained on the way to the
       ** EXCLUSIVE lock. If it were, another process might open the
       ** database file, detect the RESERVED lock, and conclude that the
-      ** database is safe to read while this process is still rolling the 
+      ** database is safe to read while this process is still rolling the
       ** hot-journal back.
-      ** 
+      **
       ** Because the intermediate RESERVED lock is not requested, any
-      ** other process attempting to access the database file will get to 
-      ** this point in the code and fail to obtain its own EXCLUSIVE lock 
+      ** other process attempting to access the database file will get to
+      ** this point in the code and fail to obtain its own EXCLUSIVE lock
       ** on the database file.
       **
       ** Unless the pager is in locking_mode=exclusive mode, the lock is
@@ -55301,17 +57155,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
         goto failed;
       }
- 
-      /* If it is not already open and the file exists on disk, open the 
-      ** journal for read/write access. Write access is required because 
-      ** in exclusive-access mode the file descriptor will be kept open 
-      ** and possibly used for a transaction later on. Also, write-access 
-      ** is usually required to finalize the journal in journal_mode=persist 
+
+      /* If it is not already open and the file exists on disk, open the
+      ** journal for read/write access. Write access is required because
+      ** in exclusive-access mode the file descriptor will be kept open
+      ** and possibly used for a transaction later on. Also, write-access
+      ** is usually required to finalize the journal in journal_mode=persist
       ** mode (and also for journal_mode=truncate on some systems).
       **
-      ** If the journal does not exist, it usually means that some 
-      ** other connection managed to get in and roll it back before 
-      ** this connection obtained the exclusive lock above. Or, it 
+      ** If the journal does not exist, it usually means that some
+      ** other connection managed to get in and roll it back before
+      ** this connection obtained the exclusive lock above. Or, it
       ** may mean that the pager was in the error-state when this
       ** function was called and the journal file does not exist.
       */
@@ -55332,7 +57186,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
           }
         }
       }
- 
+
       /* Playback and delete the journal.  Drop the database write
       ** lock and reacquire the read lock. Purge the cache before
       ** playing back the hot-journal so that we don't end up with
@@ -55357,8 +57211,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
         ** or roll back a hot-journal while holding an EXCLUSIVE lock. The
         ** pager_unlock() routine will be called before returning to unlock
         ** the file. If the unlock attempt fails, then Pager.eLock must be
-        ** set to UNKNOWN_LOCK (see the comment above the #define for 
-        ** UNKNOWN_LOCK above for an explanation). 
+        ** set to UNKNOWN_LOCK (see the comment above the #define for
+        ** UNKNOWN_LOCK above for an explanation).
         **
         ** In order to get pager_unlock() to do this, set Pager.eState to
         ** PAGER_ERROR now. This is not actually counted as a transition
@@ -55366,7 +57220,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
         ** since we know that the same call to pager_unlock() will very
         ** shortly transition the pager object to the OPEN state. Calling
         ** assert_pager_state() would fail now, as it should not be possible
-        ** to be in ERROR state when there are zero outstanding page 
+        ** to be in ERROR state when there are zero outstanding page
         ** references.
         */
         pager_error(pPager, rc);
@@ -55391,8 +57245,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
       ** a 32-bit counter that is incremented with each change.  The
       ** other bytes change randomly with each file change when
       ** a codec is in use.
-      ** 
-      ** There is a vanishingly small chance that a change will not be 
+      **
+      ** There is a vanishingly small chance that a change will not be
       ** detected.  The chance of an undetected change is so small that
       ** it can be neglected.
       */
@@ -55459,7 +57313,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
 ** Except, in locking_mode=EXCLUSIVE when there is nothing to in
 ** the rollback journal, the unlock is not performed and there is
 ** nothing to rollback, so this routine is a no-op.
-*/ 
+*/
 static void pagerUnlockIfUnused(Pager *pPager){
   if( sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0 ){
     assert( pPager->nMmapOut==0 ); /* because page1 is never memory mapped */
@@ -55469,7 +57323,7 @@ static void pagerUnlockIfUnused(Pager *pPager){
 
 /*
 ** The page getter methods each try to acquire a reference to a
-** page with page number pgno. If the requested reference is 
+** page with page number pgno. If the requested reference is
 ** successfully obtained, it is copied to *ppPage and SQLITE_OK returned.
 **
 ** There are different implementations of the getter method depending
@@ -55479,22 +57333,22 @@ static void pagerUnlockIfUnused(Pager *pPager){
 **     getPageError()          --  Used if the pager is in an error state
 **     getPageMmap()           --  Used if memory-mapped I/O is enabled
 **
-** If the requested page is already in the cache, it is returned. 
+** If the requested page is already in the cache, it is returned.
 ** Otherwise, a new page object is allocated and populated with data
 ** read from the database file. In some cases, the pcache module may
 ** choose not to allocate a new page object and may reuse an existing
 ** object with no outstanding references.
 **
-** The extra data appended to a page is always initialized to zeros the 
-** first time a page is loaded into memory. If the page requested is 
+** The extra data appended to a page is always initialized to zeros the
+** first time a page is loaded into memory. If the page requested is
 ** already in the cache when this function is called, then the extra
 ** data is left as it was when the page object was last used.
 **
-** If the database image is smaller than the requested page or if 
-** the flags parameter contains the PAGER_GET_NOCONTENT bit and the 
-** requested page is not already stored in the cache, then no 
-** actual disk read occurs. In this case the memory image of the 
-** page is initialized to all zeros. 
+** If the database image is smaller than the requested page or if
+** the flags parameter contains the PAGER_GET_NOCONTENT bit and the
+** requested page is not already stored in the cache, then no
+** actual disk read occurs. In this case the memory image of the
+** page is initialized to all zeros.
 **
 ** If PAGER_GET_NOCONTENT is true, it means that we do not care about
 ** the contents of the page. This occurs in two scenarios:
@@ -55560,18 +57414,18 @@ static int getPageNormal(
   if( pPg->pPager && !noContent ){
     /* In this case the pcache already contains an initialized copy of
     ** the page. Return without further ado.  */
-    assert( pgno<=PAGER_MAX_PGNO && pgno!=PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager) );
+    assert( pgno!=PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager) );
     pPager->aStat[PAGER_STAT_HIT]++;
     return SQLITE_OK;
 
   }else{
-    /* The pager cache has created a new page. Its content needs to 
+    /* The pager cache has created a new page. Its content needs to
     ** be initialized. But first some error checks:
     **
-    ** (1) The maximum page number is 2^31
+    ** (*) obsolete.  Was: maximum page number is 2^31
     ** (2) Never try to fetch the locking page
     */
-    if( pgno>PAGER_MAX_PGNO || pgno==PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager) ){
+    if( pgno==PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager) ){
       rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
       goto pager_acquire_err;
     }
@@ -55586,9 +57440,9 @@ static int getPageNormal(
       }
       if( noContent ){
         /* Failure to set the bits in the InJournal bit-vectors is benign.
-        ** It merely means that we might do some extra work to journal a 
-        ** page that does not need to be journaled.  Nevertheless, be sure 
-        ** to test the case where a malloc error occurs while trying to set 
+        ** It merely means that we might do some extra work to journal a
+        ** page that does not need to be journaled.  Nevertheless, be sure
+        ** to test the case where a malloc error occurs while trying to set
         ** a bit in a bit vector.
         */
         sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
@@ -55638,16 +57492,13 @@ static int getPageMMap(
 
   /* It is acceptable to use a read-only (mmap) page for any page except
   ** page 1 if there is no write-transaction open or the ACQUIRE_READONLY
-  ** flag was specified by the caller. And so long as the db is not a 
+  ** flag was specified by the caller. And so long as the db is not a
   ** temporary or in-memory database.  */
   const int bMmapOk = (pgno>1
    && (pPager->eState==PAGER_READER || (flags & PAGER_GET_READONLY))
   );
 
   assert( USEFETCH(pPager) );
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  assert( pPager->xCodec==0 );
-#endif
 
   /* Optimization note:  Adding the "pgno<=1" term before "pgno==0" here
   ** allows the compiler optimizer to reuse the results of the "pgno>1"
@@ -55670,7 +57521,7 @@ static int getPageMMap(
   }
   if( bMmapOk && iFrame==0 ){
     void *pData = 0;
-    rc = sqlite3OsFetch(pPager->fd, 
+    rc = sqlite3OsFetch(pPager->fd,
         (i64)(pgno-1) * pPager->pageSize, pPager->pageSize, &pData
     );
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pData ){
@@ -55726,12 +57577,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerGet(
 /*
 ** Acquire a page if it is already in the in-memory cache.  Do
 ** not read the page from disk.  Return a pointer to the page,
-** or 0 if the page is not in cache. 
+** or 0 if the page is not in cache.
 **
 ** See also sqlite3PagerGet().  The difference between this routine
 ** and sqlite3PagerGet() is that _get() will go to the disk and read
 ** in the page if the page is not already in cache.  This routine
-** returns NULL if the page is not in cache or if a disk I/O error 
+** returns NULL if the page is not in cache or if a disk I/O error
 ** has ever happened.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE DbPage *sqlite3PagerLookup(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno){
@@ -55778,31 +57629,30 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnrefPageOne(DbPage *pPg){
   assert( pPg->pgno==1 );
   assert( (pPg->flags & PGHDR_MMAP)==0 ); /* Page1 is never memory mapped */
   pPager = pPg->pPager;
-  sqlite3PagerResetLockTimeout(pPager);
   sqlite3PcacheRelease(pPg);
   pagerUnlockIfUnused(pPager);
 }
 
 /*
 ** This function is called at the start of every write transaction.
-** There must already be a RESERVED or EXCLUSIVE lock on the database 
+** There must already be a RESERVED or EXCLUSIVE lock on the database
 ** file when this routine is called.
 **
 ** Open the journal file for pager pPager and write a journal header
 ** to the start of it. If there are active savepoints, open the sub-journal
-** as well. This function is only used when the journal file is being 
-** opened to write a rollback log for a transaction. It is not used 
+** as well. This function is only used when the journal file is being
+** opened to write a rollback log for a transaction. It is not used
 ** when opening a hot journal file to roll it back.
 **
 ** If the journal file is already open (as it may be in exclusive mode),
 ** then this function just writes a journal header to the start of the
-** already open file. 
+** already open file.
 **
 ** Whether or not the journal file is opened by this function, the
 ** Pager.pInJournal bitvec structure is allocated.
 **
-** Return SQLITE_OK if everything is successful. Otherwise, return 
-** SQLITE_NOMEM if the attempt to allocate Pager.pInJournal fails, or 
+** Return SQLITE_OK if everything is successful. Otherwise, return
+** SQLITE_NOMEM if the attempt to allocate Pager.pInJournal fails, or
 ** an IO error code if opening or writing the journal file fails.
 */
 static int pager_open_journal(Pager *pPager){
@@ -55812,7 +57662,7 @@ static int pager_open_journal(Pager *pPager){
   assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED );
   assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
   assert( pPager->pInJournal==0 );
-  
+
   /* If already in the error state, this function is a no-op.  But on
   ** the other hand, this routine is never called if we are already in
   ** an error state. */
@@ -55823,7 +57673,7 @@ static int pager_open_journal(Pager *pPager){
     if( pPager->pInJournal==0 ){
       return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
     }
-  
+
     /* Open the journal file if it is not already open. */
     if( !isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
       if( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY ){
@@ -55839,7 +57689,7 @@ static int pager_open_journal(Pager *pPager){
           flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL;
           nSpill = jrnlBufferSize(pPager);
         }
-          
+
         /* Verify that the database still has the same name as it did when
         ** it was originally opened. */
         rc = databaseIsUnmoved(pPager);
@@ -55851,16 +57701,16 @@ static int pager_open_journal(Pager *pPager){
       }
       assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || isOpen(pPager->jfd) );
     }
-  
-  
-    /* Write the first journal header to the journal file and open 
+
+
+    /* Write the first journal header to the journal file and open
     ** the sub-journal if necessary.
     */
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       /* TODO: Check if all of these are really required. */
       pPager->nRec = 0;
       pPager->journalOff = 0;
-      pPager->setMaster = 0;
+      pPager->setSuper = 0;
       pPager->journalHdr = 0;
       rc = writeJournalHdr(pPager);
     }
@@ -55878,12 +57728,12 @@ static int pager_open_journal(Pager *pPager){
 }
 
 /*
-** Begin a write-transaction on the specified pager object. If a 
+** Begin a write-transaction on the specified pager object. If a
 ** write-transaction has already been opened, this function is a no-op.
 **
 ** If the exFlag argument is false, then acquire at least a RESERVED
 ** lock on the database file. If exFlag is true, then acquire at least
-** an EXCLUSIVE lock. If such a lock is already held, no locking 
+** an EXCLUSIVE lock. If such a lock is already held, no locking
 ** functions need be called.
 **
 ** If the subjInMemory argument is non-zero, then any sub-journal opened
@@ -55891,7 +57741,7 @@ static int pager_open_journal(Pager *pPager){
 ** has no effect if the sub-journal is already opened (as it may be when
 ** running in exclusive mode) or if the transaction does not require a
 ** sub-journal. If the subjInMemory argument is zero, then any required
-** sub-journal is implemented in-memory if pPager is an in-memory database, 
+** sub-journal is implemented in-memory if pPager is an in-memory database,
 ** or using a temporary file otherwise.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerBegin(Pager *pPager, int exFlag, int subjInMemory){
@@ -55939,9 +57789,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerBegin(Pager *pPager, int exFlag, int subjInMemory
       **
       ** WAL mode sets Pager.eState to PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED or CACHEMOD
       ** when it has an open transaction, but never to DBMOD or FINISHED.
-      ** This is because in those states the code to roll back savepoint 
-      ** transactions may copy data from the sub-journal into the database 
-      ** file as well as into the page cache. Which would be incorrect in 
+      ** This is because in those states the code to roll back savepoint
+      ** transactions may copy data from the sub-journal into the database
+      ** file as well as into the page cache. Which would be incorrect in
       ** WAL mode.
       */
       pPager->eState = PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED;
@@ -55976,7 +57826,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int pagerAddPageToRollbackJournal(PgHdr *pPg){
   assert( pPg->pgno!=PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager) );
 
   assert( pPager->journalHdr<=pPager->journalOff );
-  CODEC2(pPager, pPg->pData, pPg->pgno, 7, return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT, pData2);
+  pData2 = pPg->pData;
   cksum = pager_cksum(pPager, (u8*)pData2);
 
   /* Even if an IO or diskfull error occurs while journalling the
@@ -55995,11 +57845,11 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int pagerAddPageToRollbackJournal(PgHdr *pPg){
   rc = write32bits(pPager->jfd, iOff+pPager->pageSize+4, cksum);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
 
-  IOTRACE(("JOUT %p %d %lld %d\n", pPager, pPg->pgno, 
+  IOTRACE(("JOUT %p %d %lld %d\n", pPager, pPg->pgno,
            pPager->journalOff, pPager->pageSize));
   PAGER_INCR(sqlite3_pager_writej_count);
   PAGERTRACE(("JOURNAL %d page %d needSync=%d hash(%08x)\n",
-       PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno, 
+       PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno,
        ((pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)?1:0), pager_pagehash(pPg)));
 
   pPager->journalOff += 8 + pPager->pageSize;
@@ -56014,9 +57864,9 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int pagerAddPageToRollbackJournal(PgHdr *pPg){
 }
 
 /*
-** Mark a single data page as writeable. The page is written into the 
+** Mark a single data page as writeable. The page is written into the
 ** main journal or sub-journal as required. If the page is written into
-** one of the journals, the corresponding bit is set in the 
+** one of the journals, the corresponding bit is set in the
 ** Pager.pInJournal bitvec and the PagerSavepoint.pInSavepoint bitvecs
 ** of any open savepoints as appropriate.
 */
@@ -56024,7 +57874,7 @@ static int pager_write(PgHdr *pPg){
   Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
-  /* This routine is not called unless a write-transaction has already 
+  /* This routine is not called unless a write-transaction has already
   ** been started. The journal file may or may not be open at this point.
   ** It is never called in the ERROR state.
   */
@@ -56041,7 +57891,7 @@ static int pager_write(PgHdr *pPg){
   ** obtained the necessary locks to begin the write-transaction, but the
   ** rollback journal might not yet be open. Open it now if this is the case.
   **
-  ** This is done before calling sqlite3PcacheMakeDirty() on the page. 
+  ** This is done before calling sqlite3PcacheMakeDirty() on the page.
   ** Otherwise, if it were done after calling sqlite3PcacheMakeDirty(), then
   ** an error might occur and the pager would end up in WRITER_LOCKED state
   ** with pages marked as dirty in the cache.
@@ -56086,7 +57936,7 @@ static int pager_write(PgHdr *pPg){
   ** PGHDR_WRITEABLE bit that indicates that the page can be safely modified.
   */
   pPg->flags |= PGHDR_WRITEABLE;
-  
+
   /* If the statement journal is open and the page is not in it,
   ** then write the page into the statement journal.
   */
@@ -56170,7 +58020,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int pagerWriteLargeSector(PgHdr *pPg){
     }
   }
 
-  /* If the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag is set for any of the nPage pages 
+  /* If the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag is set for any of the nPage pages
   ** starting at pg1, then it needs to be set for all of them. Because
   ** writing to any of these nPage pages may damage the others, the
   ** journal file must contain sync()ed copies of all of them
@@ -56193,9 +58043,9 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int pagerWriteLargeSector(PgHdr *pPg){
 }
 
 /*
-** Mark a data page as writeable. This routine must be called before 
-** making changes to a page. The caller must check the return value 
-** of this function and be careful not to change any page data unless 
+** Mark a data page as writeable. This routine must be called before
+** making changes to a page. The caller must check the return value
+** of this function and be careful not to change any page data unless
 ** this routine returns SQLITE_OK.
 **
 ** The difference between this function and pager_write() is that this
@@ -56246,13 +58096,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerIswriteable(DbPage *pPg){
 ** on the given page is unused. The pager marks the page as clean so
 ** that it does not get written to disk.
 **
-** Tests show that this optimization can quadruple the speed of large 
+** Tests show that this optimization can quadruple the speed of large
 ** DELETE operations.
 **
 ** This optimization cannot be used with a temp-file, as the page may
 ** have been dirty at the start of the transaction. In that case, if
-** memory pressure forces page pPg out of the cache, the data does need 
-** to be written out to disk so that it may be read back in if the 
+** memory pressure forces page pPg out of the cache, the data does need
+** to be written out to disk so that it may be read back in if the
 ** current transaction is rolled back.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerDontWrite(PgHdr *pPg){
@@ -56268,17 +58118,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerDontWrite(PgHdr *pPg){
 }
 
 /*
-** This routine is called to increment the value of the database file 
-** change-counter, stored as a 4-byte big-endian integer starting at 
+** This routine is called to increment the value of the database file
+** change-counter, stored as a 4-byte big-endian integer starting at
 ** byte offset 24 of the pager file.  The secondary change counter at
 ** 92 is also updated, as is the SQLite version number at offset 96.
 **
 ** But this only happens if the pPager->changeCountDone flag is false.
 ** To avoid excess churning of page 1, the update only happens once.
-** See also the pager_write_changecounter() routine that does an 
+** See also the pager_write_changecounter() routine that does an
 ** unconditional update of the change counters.
 **
-** If the isDirectMode flag is zero, then this is done by calling 
+** If the isDirectMode flag is zero, then this is done by calling
 ** sqlite3PagerWrite() on page 1, then modifying the contents of the
 ** page data. In this case the file will be updated when the current
 ** transaction is committed.
@@ -56286,7 +58136,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerDontWrite(PgHdr *pPg){
 ** The isDirectMode flag may only be non-zero if the library was compiled
 ** with the SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE macro defined. In this case,
 ** if isDirect is non-zero, then the database file is updated directly
-** by writing an updated version of page 1 using a call to the 
+** by writing an updated version of page 1 using a call to the
 ** sqlite3OsWrite() function.
 */
 static int pager_incr_changecounter(Pager *pPager, int isDirectMode){
@@ -56325,7 +58175,7 @@ static int pager_incr_changecounter(Pager *pPager, int isDirectMode){
     assert( pPgHdr==0 || rc==SQLITE_OK );
 
     /* If page one was fetched successfully, and this function is not
-    ** operating in direct-mode, make page 1 writable.  When not in 
+    ** operating in direct-mode, make page 1 writable.  When not in
     ** direct mode, page 1 is always held in cache and hence the PagerGet()
     ** above is always successful - hence the ALWAYS on rc==SQLITE_OK.
     */
@@ -56341,7 +58191,7 @@ static int pager_incr_changecounter(Pager *pPager, int isDirectMode){
       if( DIRECT_MODE ){
         const void *zBuf;
         assert( pPager->dbFileSize>0 );
-        CODEC2(pPager, pPgHdr->pData, 1, 6, rc=SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT, zBuf);
+        zBuf = pPgHdr->pData;
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->fd, zBuf, pPager->pageSize, 0);
           pPager->aStat[PAGER_STAT_WRITE]++;
@@ -56372,9 +58222,9 @@ static int pager_incr_changecounter(Pager *pPager, int isDirectMode){
 ** If successful, or if called on a pager for which it is a no-op, this
 ** function returns SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, an IO error code is returned.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSync(Pager *pPager, const char *zMaster){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSync(Pager *pPager, const char *zSuper){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  void *pArg = (void*)zMaster;
+  void *pArg = (void*)zSuper;
   rc = sqlite3OsFileControl(pPager->fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC, pArg);
   if( rc==SQLITE_NOTFOUND ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !pPager->noSync ){
@@ -56386,22 +58236,22 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSync(Pager *pPager, const char *zMaster){
 
 /*
 ** This function may only be called while a write-transaction is active in
-** rollback. If the connection is in WAL mode, this call is a no-op. 
-** Otherwise, if the connection does not already have an EXCLUSIVE lock on 
+** rollback. If the connection is in WAL mode, this call is a no-op.
+** Otherwise, if the connection does not already have an EXCLUSIVE lock on
 ** the database file, an attempt is made to obtain one.
 **
 ** If the EXCLUSIVE lock is already held or the attempt to obtain it is
 ** successful, or the connection is in WAL mode, SQLITE_OK is returned.
-** Otherwise, either SQLITE_BUSY or an SQLITE_IOERR_XXX error code is 
+** Otherwise, either SQLITE_BUSY or an SQLITE_IOERR_XXX error code is
 ** returned.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerExclusiveLock(Pager *pPager){
   int rc = pPager->errCode;
   assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD 
-         || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD 
-         || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED 
+    assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD
+         || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD
+         || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED
     );
     assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
     if( 0==pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
@@ -56412,24 +58262,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerExclusiveLock(Pager *pPager){
 }
 
 /*
-** Sync the database file for the pager pPager. zMaster points to the name
-** of a master journal file that should be written into the individual
-** journal file. zMaster may be NULL, which is interpreted as no master
-** journal (a single database transaction).
+** Sync the database file for the pager pPager. zSuper points to the name
+** of a super-journal file that should be written into the individual
+** journal file. zSuper may be NULL, which is interpreted as no
+** super-journal (a single database transaction).
 **
 ** This routine ensures that:
 **
 **   * The database file change-counter is updated,
 **   * the journal is synced (unless the atomic-write optimization is used),
-**   * all dirty pages are written to the database file, 
+**   * all dirty pages are written to the database file,
 **   * the database file is truncated (if required), and
-**   * the database file synced. 
+**   * the database file synced.
 **
-** The only thing that remains to commit the transaction is to finalize 
-** (delete, truncate or zero the first part of) the journal file (or 
-** delete the master journal file if specified).
+** The only thing that remains to commit the transaction is to finalize
+** (delete, truncate or zero the first part of) the journal file (or
+** delete the super-journal file if specified).
 **
-** Note that if zMaster==NULL, this does not overwrite a previous value
+** Note that if zSuper==NULL, this does not overwrite a previous value
 ** passed to an sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne() call.
 **
 ** If the final parameter - noSync - is true, then the database file itself
@@ -56439,7 +58289,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerExclusiveLock(Pager *pPager){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
   Pager *pPager,                  /* Pager object */
-  const char *zMaster,            /* If not NULL, the master journal name */
+  const char *zSuper,            /* If not NULL, the super-journal name */
   int noSync                      /* True to omit the xSync on the db file */
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
@@ -56457,8 +58307,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
   /* Provide the ability to easily simulate an I/O error during testing */
   if( sqlite3FaultSim(400) ) return SQLITE_IOERR;
 
-  PAGERTRACE(("DATABASE SYNC: File=%s zMaster=%s nSize=%d\n", 
-      pPager->zFilename, zMaster, pPager->dbSize));
+  PAGERTRACE(("DATABASE SYNC: File=%s zSuper=%s nSize=%d\n",
+      pPager->zFilename, zSuper, pPager->dbSize));
 
   /* If no database changes have been made, return early. */
   if( pPager->eState<PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD ) return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -56497,7 +58347,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
       */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
       sqlite3_file *fd = pPager->fd;
-      int bBatch = zMaster==0    /* An SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC commit */
+      int bBatch = zSuper==0    /* An SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC commit */
         && (sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(fd) & SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC)
         && !pPager->noSync
         && sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(pPager->jfd);
@@ -56508,11 +58358,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
       /* The following block updates the change-counter. Exactly how it
       ** does this depends on whether or not the atomic-update optimization
-      ** was enabled at compile time, and if this transaction meets the 
-      ** runtime criteria to use the operation: 
+      ** was enabled at compile time, and if this transaction meets the
+      ** runtime criteria to use the operation:
       **
       **    * The file-system supports the atomic-write property for
-      **      blocks of size page-size, and 
+      **      blocks of size page-size, and
       **    * This commit is not part of a multi-file transaction, and
       **    * Exactly one page has been modified and store in the journal file.
       **
@@ -56522,7 +58372,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
       ** is not applicable to this transaction, call sqlite3JournalCreate()
       ** to make sure the journal file has actually been created, then call
       ** pager_incr_changecounter() to update the change-counter in indirect
-      ** mode. 
+      ** mode.
       **
       ** Otherwise, if the optimization is both enabled and applicable,
       ** then call pager_incr_changecounter() to update the change-counter
@@ -56531,19 +58381,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
       */
       if( bBatch==0 ){
         PgHdr *pPg;
-        assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd) 
-            || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF 
-            || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL 
+        assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd)
+            || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF
+            || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL
             );
-        if( !zMaster && isOpen(pPager->jfd) 
-         && pPager->journalOff==jrnlBufferSize(pPager) 
+        if( !zSuper && isOpen(pPager->jfd)
+         && pPager->journalOff==jrnlBufferSize(pPager)
          && pPager->dbSize>=pPager->dbOrigSize
          && (!(pPg = sqlite3PcacheDirtyList(pPager->pPCache)) || 0==pPg->pDirty)
         ){
-          /* Update the db file change counter via the direct-write method. The 
-          ** following call will modify the in-memory representation of page 1 
-          ** to include the updated change counter and then write page 1 
-          ** directly to the database file. Because of the atomic-write 
+          /* Update the db file change counter via the direct-write method. The
+          ** following call will modify the in-memory representation of page 1
+          ** to include the updated change counter and then write page 1
+          ** directly to the database file. Because of the atomic-write
           ** property of the host file-system, this is safe.
           */
           rc = pager_incr_changecounter(pPager, 1);
@@ -56556,7 +58406,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
       }
 #else  /* SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
-      if( zMaster ){
+      if( zSuper ){
         rc = sqlite3JournalCreate(pPager->jfd);
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto commit_phase_one_exit;
         assert( bBatch==0 );
@@ -56565,24 +58415,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
       rc = pager_incr_changecounter(pPager, 0);
 #endif /* !SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE */
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto commit_phase_one_exit;
-  
-      /* Write the master journal name into the journal file. If a master 
-      ** journal file name has already been written to the journal file, 
-      ** or if zMaster is NULL (no master journal), then this call is a no-op.
+
+      /* Write the super-journal name into the journal file. If a
+      ** super-journal file name has already been written to the journal file,
+      ** or if zSuper is NULL (no super-journal), then this call is a no-op.
       */
-      rc = writeMasterJournal(pPager, zMaster);
+      rc = writeSuperJournal(pPager, zSuper);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto commit_phase_one_exit;
-  
+
       /* Sync the journal file and write all dirty pages to the database.
-      ** If the atomic-update optimization is being used, this sync will not 
+      ** If the atomic-update optimization is being used, this sync will not
       ** create the journal file or perform any real IO.
       **
       ** Because the change-counter page was just modified, unless the
       ** atomic-update optimization is used it is almost certain that the
       ** journal requires a sync here. However, in locking_mode=exclusive
-      ** on a system under memory pressure it is just possible that this is 
+      ** on a system under memory pressure it is just possible that this is
       ** not the case. In this case it is likely enough that the redundant
-      ** xSync() call will be changed to a no-op by the OS anyhow. 
+      ** xSync() call will be changed to a no-op by the OS anyhow.
       */
       rc = syncJournal(pPager, 0);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto commit_phase_one_exit;
@@ -56623,7 +58473,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
       }
       sqlite3PcacheCleanAll(pPager->pPCache);
 
-      /* If the file on disk is smaller than the database image, use 
+      /* If the file on disk is smaller than the database image, use
       ** pager_truncate to grow the file here. This can happen if the database
       ** image was extended as part of the current transaction and then the
       ** last page in the db image moved to the free-list. In this case the
@@ -56635,10 +58485,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
         rc = pager_truncate(pPager, nNew);
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto commit_phase_one_exit;
       }
-  
+
       /* Finally, sync the database file. */
       if( !noSync ){
-        rc = sqlite3PagerSync(pPager, zMaster);
+        rc = sqlite3PagerSync(pPager, zSuper);
       }
       IOTRACE(("DBSYNC %p\n", pPager))
     }
@@ -56655,12 +58505,12 @@ commit_phase_one_exit:
 /*
 ** When this function is called, the database file has been completely
 ** updated to reflect the changes made by the current transaction and
-** synced to disk. The journal file still exists in the file-system 
+** synced to disk. The journal file still exists in the file-system
 ** though, and if a failure occurs at this point it will eventually
 ** be used as a hot-journal and the current transaction rolled back.
 **
-** This function finalizes the journal file, either by deleting, 
-** truncating or partially zeroing it, so that it cannot be used 
+** This function finalizes the journal file, either by deleting,
+** truncating or partially zeroing it, so that it cannot be used
 ** for hot-journal rollback. Once this is done the transaction is
 ** irrevocably committed.
 **
@@ -56674,6 +58524,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(Pager *pPager){
   ** But if (due to a coding error elsewhere in the system) it does get
   ** called, just return the same error code without doing anything. */
   if( NEVER(pPager->errCode) ) return pPager->errCode;
+  pPager->iDataVersion++;
 
   assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED
        || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_FINISHED
@@ -56685,15 +58536,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(Pager *pPager){
   ** this transaction, the pager is running in exclusive-mode and is
   ** using persistent journals, then this function is a no-op.
   **
-  ** The start of the journal file currently contains a single journal 
+  ** The start of the journal file currently contains a single journal
   ** header with the nRec field set to 0. If such a journal is used as
   ** a hot-journal during hot-journal rollback, 0 changes will be made
-  ** to the database file. So there is no need to zero the journal 
+  ** to the database file. So there is no need to zero the journal
   ** header. Since the pager is in exclusive mode, there is no need
   ** to drop any locks either.
   */
-  if( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED 
-   && pPager->exclusiveMode 
+  if( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED
+   && pPager->exclusiveMode
    && pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST
   ){
     assert( pPager->journalOff==JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager) || !pPager->journalOff );
@@ -56702,13 +58553,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(Pager *pPager){
   }
 
   PAGERTRACE(("COMMIT %d\n", PAGERID(pPager)));
-  pPager->iDataVersion++;
-  rc = pager_end_transaction(pPager, pPager->setMaster, 1);
+  rc = pager_end_transaction(pPager, pPager->setSuper, 1);
   return pager_error(pPager, rc);
 }
 
 /*
-** If a write transaction is open, then all changes made within the 
+** If a write transaction is open, then all changes made within the
 ** transaction are reverted and the current write-transaction is closed.
 ** The pager falls back to PAGER_READER state if successful, or PAGER_ERROR
 ** state if an error occurs.
@@ -56718,14 +58568,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(Pager *pPager){
 **
 ** Otherwise, in rollback mode, this function performs two functions:
 **
-**   1) It rolls back the journal file, restoring all database file and 
+**   1) It rolls back the journal file, restoring all database file and
 **      in-memory cache pages to the state they were in when the transaction
 **      was opened, and
 **
 **   2) It finalizes the journal file, so that it is not used for hot
 **      rollback at any point in the future.
 **
-** Finalization of the journal file (task 2) is only performed if the 
+** Finalization of the journal file (task 2) is only performed if the
 ** rollback is successful.
 **
 ** In WAL mode, all cache-entries containing data modified within the
@@ -56738,7 +58588,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRollback(Pager *pPager){
   PAGERTRACE(("ROLLBACK %d\n", PAGERID(pPager)));
 
   /* PagerRollback() is a no-op if called in READER or OPEN state. If
-  ** the pager is already in the ERROR state, the rollback is not 
+  ** the pager is already in the ERROR state, the rollback is not
   ** attempted here. Instead, the error code is returned to the caller.
   */
   assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
@@ -56748,13 +58598,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRollback(Pager *pPager){
   if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
     int rc2;
     rc = sqlite3PagerSavepoint(pPager, SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, -1);
-    rc2 = pager_end_transaction(pPager, pPager->setMaster, 0);
+    rc2 = pager_end_transaction(pPager, pPager->setSuper, 0);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = rc2;
   }else if( !isOpen(pPager->jfd) || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED ){
     int eState = pPager->eState;
     rc = pager_end_transaction(pPager, 0, 0);
     if( !MEMDB && eState>PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED ){
-      /* This can happen using journal_mode=off. Move the pager to the error 
+      /* This can happen using journal_mode=off. Move the pager to the error
       ** state to indicate that the contents of the cache may not be trusted.
       ** Any active readers will get SQLITE_ABORT.
       */
@@ -56769,7 +58619,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRollback(Pager *pPager){
 
   assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_READER || rc!=SQLITE_OK );
   assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_FULL || rc==SQLITE_CORRUPT
-          || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || (rc&0xFF)==SQLITE_IOERR 
+          || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || (rc&0xFF)==SQLITE_IOERR
           || rc==SQLITE_CANTOPEN
   );
 
@@ -56843,8 +58693,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int *sqlite3PagerStats(Pager *pPager){
 ** it was added later.
 **
 ** Before returning, *pnVal is incremented by the
-** current cache hit or miss count, according to the value of eStat. If the 
-** reset parameter is non-zero, the cache hit or miss count is zeroed before 
+** current cache hit or miss count, according to the value of eStat. If the
+** reset parameter is non-zero, the cache hit or miss count is zeroed before
 ** returning.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerCacheStat(Pager *pPager, int eStat, int reset, int *pnVal){
@@ -56880,7 +58730,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerIsMemdb(Pager *pPager){
 ** to make up the difference. If the number of savepoints is already
 ** equal to nSavepoint, then this function is a no-op.
 **
-** If a memory allocation fails, SQLITE_NOMEM is returned. If an error 
+** If a memory allocation fails, SQLITE_NOMEM is returned. If an error
 ** occurs while opening the sub-journal file, then an IO error code is
 ** returned. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK.
 */
@@ -56895,7 +58745,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int pagerOpenSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int nSavepoint){
   assert( nSavepoint>nCurrent && pPager->useJournal );
 
   /* Grow the Pager.aSavepoint array using realloc(). Return SQLITE_NOMEM
-  ** if the allocation fails. Otherwise, zero the new portion in case a 
+  ** if the allocation fails. Otherwise, zero the new portion in case a
   ** malloc failure occurs while populating it in the for(...) loop below.
   */
   aNew = (PagerSavepoint *)sqlite3Realloc(
@@ -56943,7 +58793,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpenSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int nSavepoint){
 
 /*
 ** This function is called to rollback or release (commit) a savepoint.
-** The savepoint to release or rollback need not be the most recently 
+** The savepoint to release or rollback need not be the most recently
 ** created savepoint.
 **
 ** Parameter op is always either SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK or SAVEPOINT_RELEASE.
@@ -56951,29 +58801,29 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpenSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int nSavepoint){
 ** index iSavepoint. If it is SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, then rollback all changes
 ** that have occurred since the specified savepoint was created.
 **
-** The savepoint to rollback or release is identified by parameter 
+** The savepoint to rollback or release is identified by parameter
 ** iSavepoint. A value of 0 means to operate on the outermost savepoint
 ** (the first created). A value of (Pager.nSavepoint-1) means operate
 ** on the most recently created savepoint. If iSavepoint is greater than
 ** (Pager.nSavepoint-1), then this function is a no-op.
 **
 ** If a negative value is passed to this function, then the current
-** transaction is rolled back. This is different to calling 
+** transaction is rolled back. This is different to calling
 ** sqlite3PagerRollback() because this function does not terminate
-** the transaction or unlock the database, it just restores the 
-** contents of the database to its original state. 
+** the transaction or unlock the database, it just restores the
+** contents of the database to its original state.
 **
-** In any case, all savepoints with an index greater than iSavepoint 
+** In any case, all savepoints with an index greater than iSavepoint
 ** are destroyed. If this is a release operation (op==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE),
 ** then savepoint iSavepoint is also destroyed.
 **
 ** This function may return SQLITE_NOMEM if a memory allocation fails,
-** or an IO error code if an IO error occurs while rolling back a 
+** or an IO error code if an IO error occurs while rolling back a
 ** savepoint. If no errors occur, SQLITE_OK is returned.
-*/ 
+*/
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int op, int iSavepoint){
   int rc = pPager->errCode;
-  
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ZIPVFS
   if( op==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
 #endif
@@ -56986,7 +58836,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int op, int iSavepoint){
     int nNew;          /* Number of remaining savepoints after this op. */
 
     /* Figure out how many savepoints will still be active after this
-    ** operation. Store this value in nNew. Then free resources associated 
+    ** operation. Store this value in nNew. Then free resources associated
     ** with any savepoints that are destroyed by this operation.
     */
     nNew = iSavepoint + (( op==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ) ? 0 : 1);
@@ -56995,7 +58845,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int op, int iSavepoint){
     }
     pPager->nSavepoint = nNew;
 
-    /* If this is a release of the outermost savepoint, truncate 
+    /* If this is a release of the outermost savepoint, truncate
     ** the sub-journal to zero bytes in size. */
     if( op==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ){
       if( nNew==0 && isOpen(pPager->sjfd) ){
@@ -57017,14 +58867,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int op, int iSavepoint){
       rc = pagerPlaybackSavepoint(pPager, pSavepoint);
       assert(rc!=SQLITE_DONE);
     }
-    
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ZIPVFS
-    /* If the cache has been modified but the savepoint cannot be rolled 
+    /* If the cache has been modified but the savepoint cannot be rolled
     ** back journal_mode=off, put the pager in the error state. This way,
     ** if the VFS used by this pager includes ZipVFS, the entire transaction
     ** can be rolled back at the ZipVFS level.  */
-    else if( 
-        pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF 
+    else if(
+        pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF
      && pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD
     ){
       pPager->errCode = SQLITE_ABORT;
@@ -57046,9 +58896,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int op, int iSavepoint){
 ** behavior.  But when the Btree needs to know the filename for matching to
 ** shared cache, it uses nullIfMemDb==0 so that in-memory databases can
 ** participate in shared-cache.
+**
+** The return value to this routine is always safe to use with
+** sqlite3_uri_parameter() and sqlite3_filename_database() and friends.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerFilename(Pager *pPager, int nullIfMemDb){
-  return (nullIfMemDb && pPager->memDb) ? "" : pPager->zFilename;
+SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerFilename(const Pager *pPager, int nullIfMemDb){
+  static const char zFake[8] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+  return (nullIfMemDb && pPager->memDb) ? &zFake[4] : pPager->zFilename;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -57067,16 +58921,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3PagerFile(Pager *pPager){
   return pPager->fd;
 }
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
-/*
-** Reset the lock timeout for pager.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerResetLockTimeout(Pager *pPager){
-  int x = 0;
-  sqlite3OsFileControl(pPager->fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT, &x);
-}
-#endif
-
 /*
 ** Return the file handle for the journal file (if it exists).
 ** This will be either the rollback journal or the WAL file.
@@ -57096,50 +58940,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerJournalname(Pager *pPager){
   return pPager->zJournal;
 }
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-/*
-** Set or retrieve the codec for this pager
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetCodec(
-  Pager *pPager,
-  void *(*xCodec)(void*,void*,Pgno,int),
-  void (*xCodecSizeChng)(void*,int,int),
-  void (*xCodecFree)(void*),
-  void *pCodec
-){
-  if( pPager->xCodecFree ) pPager->xCodecFree(pPager->pCodec);
-  pPager->xCodec = pPager->memDb ? 0 : xCodec;
-  pPager->xCodecSizeChng = xCodecSizeChng;
-  pPager->xCodecFree = xCodecFree;
-  pPager->pCodec = pCodec;
-  setGetterMethod(pPager);
-  pagerReportSize(pPager);
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetCodec(Pager *pPager){
-  return pPager->pCodec;
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is called by the wal module when writing page content
-** into the log file.
-**
-** This function returns a pointer to a buffer containing the encrypted
-** page content. If a malloc fails, this function may return NULL.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerCodec(PgHdr *pPg){
-  void *aData = 0;
-  CODEC2(pPg->pPager, pPg->pData, pPg->pgno, 6, return 0, aData);
-  return aData;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the current pager state
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerState(Pager *pPager){
-  return pPager->eState;
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_HAS_CODEC */
-
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
 /*
 ** Move the page pPg to location pgno in the file.
@@ -57159,8 +58959,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerState(Pager *pPager){
 ** transaction is active).
 **
 ** If the fourth argument, isCommit, is non-zero, then this page is being
-** moved as part of a database reorganization just before the transaction 
-** is being committed. In this case, it is guaranteed that the database page 
+** moved as part of a database reorganization just before the transaction
+** is being committed. In this case, it is guaranteed that the database page
 ** pPg refers to will not be written to again within this transaction.
 **
 ** This function may return SQLITE_NOMEM or an IO error code if an error
@@ -57188,7 +58988,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager *pPager, DbPage *pPg, Pgno pgno, i
   }
 
   /* If the page being moved is dirty and has not been saved by the latest
-  ** savepoint, then save the current contents of the page into the 
+  ** savepoint, then save the current contents of the page into the
   ** sub-journal now. This is required to handle the following scenario:
   **
   **   BEGIN;
@@ -57211,7 +59011,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager *pPager, DbPage *pPg, Pgno pgno, i
     return rc;
   }
 
-  PAGERTRACE(("MOVE %d page %d (needSync=%d) moves to %d\n", 
+  PAGERTRACE(("MOVE %d page %d (needSync=%d) moves to %d\n",
       PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno, (pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)?1:0, pgno));
   IOTRACE(("MOVE %p %d %d\n", pPager, pPg->pgno, pgno))
 
@@ -57219,7 +59019,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager *pPager, DbPage *pPg, Pgno pgno, i
   ** be written to, store pPg->pgno in local variable needSyncPgno.
   **
   ** If the isCommit flag is set, there is no need to remember that
-  ** the journal needs to be sync()ed before database page pPg->pgno 
+  ** the journal needs to be sync()ed before database page pPg->pgno
   ** can be written to. The caller has already promised not to write to it.
   */
   if( (pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC) && !isCommit ){
@@ -57230,14 +59030,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager *pPager, DbPage *pPg, Pgno pgno, i
   }
 
   /* If the cache contains a page with page-number pgno, remove it
-  ** from its hash chain. Also, if the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag was set for 
-  ** page pgno before the 'move' operation, it needs to be retained 
+  ** from its hash chain. Also, if the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag was set for
+  ** page pgno before the 'move' operation, it needs to be retained
   ** for the page moved there.
   */
   pPg->flags &= ~PGHDR_NEED_SYNC;
   pPgOld = sqlite3PagerLookup(pPager, pgno);
-  assert( !pPgOld || pPgOld->nRef==1 );
+  assert( !pPgOld || pPgOld->nRef==1 || CORRUPT_DB );
   if( pPgOld ){
+    if( pPgOld->nRef>1 ){
+      sqlite3PagerUnrefNotNull(pPgOld);
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    }
     pPg->flags |= (pPgOld->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC);
     if( pPager->tempFile ){
       /* Do not discard pages from an in-memory database since we might
@@ -57262,9 +59066,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager *pPager, DbPage *pPg, Pgno pgno, i
   }
 
   if( needSyncPgno ){
-    /* If needSyncPgno is non-zero, then the journal file needs to be 
+    /* If needSyncPgno is non-zero, then the journal file needs to be
     ** sync()ed before any data is written to database file page needSyncPgno.
-    ** Currently, no such page exists in the page-cache and the 
+    ** Currently, no such page exists in the page-cache and the
     ** "is journaled" bitvec flag has been set. This needs to be remedied by
     ** loading the page into the pager-cache and setting the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC
     ** flag.
@@ -57295,9 +59099,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager *pPager, DbPage *pPg, Pgno pgno, i
 #endif
 
 /*
-** The page handle passed as the first argument refers to a dirty page 
-** with a page number other than iNew. This function changes the page's 
-** page number to iNew and sets the value of the PgHdr.flags field to 
+** The page handle passed as the first argument refers to a dirty page
+** with a page number other than iNew. This function changes the page's
+** page number to iNew and sets the value of the PgHdr.flags field to
 ** the value passed as the third parameter.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerRekey(DbPage *pPg, Pgno iNew, u16 flags){
@@ -57315,7 +59119,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetData(DbPage *pPg){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return a pointer to the Pager.nExtra bytes of "extra" space 
+** Return a pointer to the Pager.nExtra bytes of "extra" space
 ** allocated along with the specified page.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetExtra(DbPage *pPg){
@@ -57324,7 +59128,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetExtra(DbPage *pPg){
 
 /*
 ** Get/set the locking-mode for this pager. Parameter eMode must be one
-** of PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_QUERY, PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_NORMAL or 
+** of PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_QUERY, PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_NORMAL or
 ** PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE. If the parameter is not _QUERY, then
 ** the locking-mode is set to the value specified.
 **
@@ -57372,8 +59176,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetJournalMode(Pager *pPager, int eMode){
   assert(      eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE
             || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE
             || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST
-            || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF 
-            || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL 
+            || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF
+            || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL
             || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY );
 
   /* This routine is only called from the OP_JournalMode opcode, and
@@ -57530,7 +59334,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCheckpoint(
         pPager->walSyncFlags, pPager->pageSize, (u8 *)pPager->pTmpSpace,
         pnLog, pnCkpt
     );
-    sqlite3PagerResetLockTimeout(pPager);
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -57559,7 +59362,7 @@ static int pagerExclusiveLock(Pager *pPager){
   assert( pPager->eLock==SHARED_LOCK || pPager->eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );
   rc = pagerLockDb(pPager, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    /* If the attempt to grab the exclusive lock failed, release the 
+    /* If the attempt to grab the exclusive lock failed, release the
     ** pending lock that may have been obtained instead.  */
     pagerUnlockDb(pPager, SHARED_LOCK);
   }
@@ -57568,7 +59371,7 @@ static int pagerExclusiveLock(Pager *pPager){
 }
 
 /*
-** Call sqlite3WalOpen() to open the WAL handle. If the pager is in 
+** Call sqlite3WalOpen() to open the WAL handle. If the pager is in
 ** exclusive-locking mode when this function is called, take an EXCLUSIVE
 ** lock on the database file and use heap-memory to store the wal-index
 ** in. Otherwise, use the normal shared-memory.
@@ -57579,8 +59382,8 @@ static int pagerOpenWal(Pager *pPager){
   assert( pPager->pWal==0 && pPager->tempFile==0 );
   assert( pPager->eLock==SHARED_LOCK || pPager->eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );
 
-  /* If the pager is already in exclusive-mode, the WAL module will use 
-  ** heap-memory for the wal-index instead of the VFS shared-memory 
+  /* If the pager is already in exclusive-mode, the WAL module will use
+  ** heap-memory for the wal-index instead of the VFS shared-memory
   ** implementation. Take the exclusive lock now, before opening the WAL
   ** file, to make sure this is safe.
   */
@@ -57588,7 +59391,7 @@ static int pagerOpenWal(Pager *pPager){
     rc = pagerExclusiveLock(pPager);
   }
 
-  /* Open the connection to the log file. If this operation fails, 
+  /* Open the connection to the log file. If this operation fails,
   ** (e.g. due to malloc() failure), return an error code.
   */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -57610,7 +59413,7 @@ static int pagerOpenWal(Pager *pPager){
 ** If the pager passed as the first argument is open on a real database
 ** file (not a temp file or an in-memory database), and the WAL file
 ** is not already open, make an attempt to open it now. If successful,
-** return SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs or the VFS used by the pager does 
+** return SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs or the VFS used by the pager does
 ** not support the xShmXXX() methods, return an error code. *pbOpen is
 ** not modified in either case.
 **
@@ -57652,7 +59455,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpenWal(
 ** This function is called to close the connection to the log file prior
 ** to switching from WAL to rollback mode.
 **
-** Before closing the log file, this function attempts to take an 
+** Before closing the log file, this function attempts to take an
 ** EXCLUSIVE lock on the database file. If this cannot be obtained, an
 ** error (SQLITE_BUSY) is returned and the log connection is not closed.
 ** If successful, the EXCLUSIVE lock is not released before returning.
@@ -57678,7 +59481,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCloseWal(Pager *pPager, sqlite3 *db){
       rc = pagerOpenWal(pPager);
     }
   }
-    
+
   /* Checkpoint and close the log. Because an EXCLUSIVE lock is held on
   ** the database file, the log and log-summary files will be deleted.
   */
@@ -57695,6 +59498,32 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCloseWal(Pager *pPager, sqlite3 *db){
   return rc;
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+/*
+** If pager pPager is a wal-mode database not in exclusive locking mode,
+** invoke the sqlite3WalWriteLock() function on the associated Wal object
+** with the same db and bLock parameters as were passed to this function.
+** Return an SQLite error code if an error occurs, or SQLITE_OK otherwise.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWalWriteLock(Pager *pPager, int bLock){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( pagerUseWal(pPager) && pPager->exclusiveMode==0 ){
+    rc = sqlite3WalWriteLock(pPager->pWal, bLock);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Set the database handle used by the wal layer to determine if
+** blocking locks are required.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerWalDb(Pager *pPager, sqlite3 *db){
+  if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
+    sqlite3WalDb(pPager->pWal, db);
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
 /*
 ** If this is a WAL database, obtain a snapshot handle for the snapshot
@@ -57710,10 +59539,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSnapshotGet(Pager *pPager, sqlite3_snapshot **ppS
 
 /*
 ** If this is a WAL database, store a pointer to pSnapshot. Next time a
-** read transaction is opened, attempt to read from the snapshot it 
+** read transaction is opened, attempt to read from the snapshot it
 ** identifies. If this is not a WAL database, return an error.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSnapshotOpen(Pager *pPager, sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSnapshotOpen(
+  Pager *pPager,
+  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
+){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   if( pPager->pWal ){
     sqlite3WalSnapshotOpen(pPager->pWal, pSnapshot);
@@ -57724,7 +59556,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSnapshotOpen(Pager *pPager, sqlite3_snapshot *pSn
 }
 
 /*
-** If this is a WAL database, call sqlite3WalSnapshotRecover(). If this 
+** If this is a WAL database, call sqlite3WalSnapshotRecover(). If this
 ** is not a WAL database, return an error.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSnapshotRecover(Pager *pPager){
@@ -57741,7 +59573,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSnapshotRecover(Pager *pPager){
 ** The caller currently has a read transaction open on the database.
 ** If this is not a WAL database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. Otherwise,
 ** this function takes a SHARED lock on the CHECKPOINTER slot and then
-** checks if the snapshot passed as the second argument is still 
+** checks if the snapshot passed as the second argument is still
 ** available. If so, SQLITE_OK is returned.
 **
 ** If the snapshot is not available, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. Or, if
@@ -57765,7 +59597,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSnapshotCheck(Pager *pPager, sqlite3_snapshot *pS
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSnapshotUnlock(Pager *pPager){
   assert( pPager->pWal );
-  return sqlite3WalSnapshotUnlock(pPager->pWal);
+  sqlite3WalSnapshotUnlock(pPager->pWal);
 }
 
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT */
@@ -57801,7 +59633,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWalFramesize(Pager *pPager){
 **
 *************************************************************************
 **
-** This file contains the implementation of a write-ahead log (WAL) used in 
+** This file contains the implementation of a write-ahead log (WAL) used in
 ** "journal_mode=WAL" mode.
 **
 ** WRITE-AHEAD LOG (WAL) FILE FORMAT
@@ -57810,7 +59642,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWalFramesize(Pager *pPager){
 ** Each frame records the revised content of a single page from the
 ** database file.  All changes to the database are recorded by writing
 ** frames into the WAL.  Transactions commit when a frame is written that
-** contains a commit marker.  A single WAL can and usually does record 
+** contains a commit marker.  A single WAL can and usually does record
 ** multiple transactions.  Periodically, the content of the WAL is
 ** transferred back into the database file in an operation called a
 ** "checkpoint".
@@ -57836,11 +59668,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWalFramesize(Pager *pPager){
 **
 ** Immediately following the wal-header are zero or more frames. Each
 ** frame consists of a 24-byte frame-header followed by a <page-size> bytes
-** of page data. The frame-header is six big-endian 32-bit unsigned 
+** of page data. The frame-header is six big-endian 32-bit unsigned
 ** integer values, as follows:
 **
 **     0: Page number.
-**     4: For commit records, the size of the database image in pages 
+**     4: For commit records, the size of the database image in pages
 **        after the commit. For all other records, zero.
 **     8: Salt-1 (copied from the header)
 **    12: Salt-2 (copied from the header)
@@ -57866,7 +59698,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWalFramesize(Pager *pPager){
 ** the checksum.  The checksum is computed by interpreting the input as
 ** an even number of unsigned 32-bit integers: x[0] through x[N].  The
 ** algorithm used for the checksum is as follows:
-** 
+**
 **   for i from 0 to n-1 step 2:
 **     s0 += x[i] + s1;
 **     s1 += x[i+1] + s0;
@@ -57874,7 +59706,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWalFramesize(Pager *pPager){
 **
 ** Note that s0 and s1 are both weighted checksums using fibonacci weights
 ** in reverse order (the largest fibonacci weight occurs on the first element
-** of the sequence being summed.)  The s1 value spans all 32-bit 
+** of the sequence being summed.)  The s1 value spans all 32-bit
 ** terms of the sequence whereas s0 omits the final term.
 **
 ** On a checkpoint, the WAL is first VFS.xSync-ed, then valid content of the
@@ -57907,19 +59739,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWalFramesize(Pager *pPager){
 ** multiple concurrent readers to view different versions of the database
 ** content simultaneously.
 **
-** The reader algorithm in the previous paragraphs works correctly, but 
+** The reader algorithm in the previous paragraphs works correctly, but
 ** because frames for page P can appear anywhere within the WAL, the
 ** reader has to scan the entire WAL looking for page P frames.  If the
 ** WAL is large (multiple megabytes is typical) that scan can be slow,
 ** and read performance suffers.  To overcome this problem, a separate
 ** data structure called the wal-index is maintained to expedite the
 ** search for frames of a particular page.
-** 
+**
 ** WAL-INDEX FORMAT
 **
 ** Conceptually, the wal-index is shared memory, though VFS implementations
 ** might choose to implement the wal-index using a mmapped file.  Because
-** the wal-index is shared memory, SQLite does not support journal_mode=WAL 
+** the wal-index is shared memory, SQLite does not support journal_mode=WAL
 ** on a network filesystem.  All users of the database must be able to
 ** share memory.
 **
@@ -57937,28 +59769,28 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWalFramesize(Pager *pPager){
 ** byte order of the host computer.
 **
 ** The purpose of the wal-index is to answer this question quickly:  Given
-** a page number P and a maximum frame index M, return the index of the 
+** a page number P and a maximum frame index M, return the index of the
 ** last frame in the wal before frame M for page P in the WAL, or return
 ** NULL if there are no frames for page P in the WAL prior to M.
 **
 ** The wal-index consists of a header region, followed by an one or
-** more index blocks.  
+** more index blocks.
 **
 ** The wal-index header contains the total number of frames within the WAL
 ** in the mxFrame field.
 **
-** Each index block except for the first contains information on 
+** Each index block except for the first contains information on
 ** HASHTABLE_NPAGE frames. The first index block contains information on
-** HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE frames. The values of HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE and 
+** HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE frames. The values of HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE and
 ** HASHTABLE_NPAGE are selected so that together the wal-index header and
 ** first index block are the same size as all other index blocks in the
 ** wal-index.
 **
 ** Each index block contains two sections, a page-mapping that contains the
-** database page number associated with each wal frame, and a hash-table 
+** database page number associated with each wal frame, and a hash-table
 ** that allows readers to query an index block for a specific page number.
 ** The page-mapping is an array of HASHTABLE_NPAGE (or HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE
-** for the first index block) 32-bit page numbers. The first entry in the 
+** for the first index block) 32-bit page numbers. The first entry in the
 ** first index-block contains the database page number corresponding to the
 ** first frame in the WAL file. The first entry in the second index block
 ** in the WAL file corresponds to the (HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE+1)th frame in
@@ -57979,8 +59811,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWalFramesize(Pager *pPager){
 **
 ** The hash table consists of HASHTABLE_NSLOT 16-bit unsigned integers.
 ** HASHTABLE_NSLOT = 2*HASHTABLE_NPAGE, and there is one entry in the
-** hash table for each page number in the mapping section, so the hash 
-** table is never more than half full.  The expected number of collisions 
+** hash table for each page number in the mapping section, so the hash
+** table is never more than half full.  The expected number of collisions
 ** prior to finding a match is 1.  Each entry of the hash table is an
 ** 1-based index of an entry in the mapping section of the same
 ** index block.   Let K be the 1-based index of the largest entry in
@@ -57999,12 +59831,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWalFramesize(Pager *pPager){
 ** reached) until an unused hash slot is found. Let the first unused slot
 ** be at index iUnused.  (iUnused might be less than iKey if there was
 ** wrap-around.) Because the hash table is never more than half full,
-** the search is guaranteed to eventually hit an unused entry.  Let 
+** the search is guaranteed to eventually hit an unused entry.  Let
 ** iMax be the value between iKey and iUnused, closest to iUnused,
 ** where aHash[iMax]==P.  If there is no iMax entry (if there exists
 ** no hash slot such that aHash[i]==p) then page P is not in the
 ** current index block.  Otherwise the iMax-th mapping entry of the
-** current index block corresponds to the last entry that references 
+** current index block corresponds to the last entry that references
 ** page P.
 **
 ** A hash search begins with the last index block and moves toward the
@@ -58029,7 +59861,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWalFramesize(Pager *pPager){
 ** if no values greater than K0 had ever been inserted into the hash table
 ** in the first place - which is what reader one wants.  Meanwhile, the
 ** second reader using K1 will see additional values that were inserted
-** later, which is exactly what reader two wants.  
+** later, which is exactly what reader two wants.
 **
 ** When a rollback occurs, the value of K is decreased. Hash table entries
 ** that correspond to frames greater than the new K value are removed
@@ -58049,18 +59881,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalTrace = 0;
 # define WALTRACE(X)
 #endif
 
-/*
-** WAL mode depends on atomic aligned 32-bit loads and stores in a few
-** places.  The following macros try to make this explicit.
-*/
-#if GCC_VESRION>=5004000
-# define AtomicLoad(PTR)       __atomic_load_n((PTR),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
-# define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  __atomic_store_n((PTR),(VAL),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
-#else
-# define AtomicLoad(PTR)       (*(PTR))
-# define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  (*(PTR) = (VAL))
-#endif
-
 /*
 ** The maximum (and only) versions of the wal and wal-index formats
 ** that may be interpreted by this version of SQLite.
@@ -58069,7 +59889,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalTrace = 0;
 ** values in the wal-header are correct and (b) the version field is not
 ** WAL_MAX_VERSION, recovery fails and SQLite returns SQLITE_CANTOPEN.
 **
-** Similarly, if a client successfully reads a wal-index header (i.e. the 
+** Similarly, if a client successfully reads a wal-index header (i.e. the
 ** checksum test is successful) and finds that the version field is not
 ** WALINDEX_MAX_VERSION, then no read-transaction is opened and SQLite
 ** returns SQLITE_CANTOPEN.
@@ -58116,7 +59936,7 @@ typedef struct WalCkptInfo WalCkptInfo;
 **
 ** The szPage value can be any power of 2 between 512 and 32768, inclusive.
 ** Or it can be 1 to represent a 65536-byte page.  The latter case was
-** added in 3.7.1 when support for 64K pages was added.  
+** added in 3.7.1 when support for 64K pages was added.
 */
 struct WalIndexHdr {
   u32 iVersion;                   /* Wal-index version */
@@ -58158,7 +59978,7 @@ struct WalIndexHdr {
 ** There is one entry in aReadMark[] for each reader lock.  If a reader
 ** holds read-lock K, then the value in aReadMark[K] is no greater than
 ** the mxFrame for that reader.  The value READMARK_NOT_USED (0xffffffff)
-** for any aReadMark[] means that entry is unused.  aReadMark[0] is 
+** for any aReadMark[] means that entry is unused.  aReadMark[0] is
 ** a special case; its value is never used and it exists as a place-holder
 ** to avoid having to offset aReadMark[] indexs by one.  Readers holding
 ** WAL_READ_LOCK(0) always ignore the entire WAL and read all content
@@ -58178,7 +59998,7 @@ struct WalIndexHdr {
 ** previous sentence is when nBackfill equals mxFrame (meaning that everything
 ** in the WAL has been backfilled into the database) then new readers
 ** will choose aReadMark[0] which has value 0 and hence such reader will
-** get all their all content directly from the database file and ignore 
+** get all their all content directly from the database file and ignore
 ** the WAL.
 **
 ** Writers normally append new frames to the end of the WAL.  However,
@@ -58220,14 +60040,14 @@ struct WalCkptInfo {
 ** big-endian format in the first 4 bytes of a WAL file.
 **
 ** If the LSB is set, then the checksums for each frame within the WAL
-** file are calculated by treating all data as an array of 32-bit 
-** big-endian words. Otherwise, they are calculated by interpreting 
+** file are calculated by treating all data as an array of 32-bit
+** big-endian words. Otherwise, they are calculated by interpreting
 ** all data as 32-bit little-endian words.
 */
 #define WAL_MAGIC 0x377f0682
 
 /*
-** Return the offset of frame iFrame in the write-ahead log file, 
+** Return the offset of frame iFrame in the write-ahead log file,
 ** assuming a database page size of szPage bytes. The offset returned
 ** is to the start of the write-ahead log frame-header.
 */
@@ -58270,13 +60090,16 @@ struct Wal {
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
   WalIndexHdr *pSnapshot;    /* Start transaction here if not NULL */
 #endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+  sqlite3 *db;
+#endif
 };
 
 /*
 ** Candidate values for Wal.exclusiveMode.
 */
 #define WAL_NORMAL_MODE     0
-#define WAL_EXCLUSIVE_MODE  1     
+#define WAL_EXCLUSIVE_MODE  1
 #define WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE 2
 
 /*
@@ -58295,7 +60118,7 @@ typedef u16 ht_slot;
 /*
 ** This structure is used to implement an iterator that loops through
 ** all frames in the WAL in database page order. Where two or more frames
-** correspond to the same database page, the iterator visits only the 
+** correspond to the same database page, the iterator visits only the
 ** frame most recently written to the WAL (in other words, the frame with
 ** the largest index).
 **
@@ -58308,7 +60131,7 @@ typedef u16 ht_slot;
 ** This functionality is used by the checkpoint code (see walCheckpoint()).
 */
 struct WalIterator {
-  int iPrior;                     /* Last result returned from the iterator */
+  u32 iPrior;                     /* Last result returned from the iterator */
   int nSegment;                   /* Number of entries in aSegment[] */
   struct WalSegment {
     int iNext;                    /* Next slot in aIndex[] not yet returned */
@@ -58331,7 +60154,7 @@ struct WalIterator {
 #define HASHTABLE_HASH_1     383                  /* Should be prime */
 #define HASHTABLE_NSLOT      (HASHTABLE_NPAGE*2)  /* Must be a power of 2 */
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** The block of page numbers associated with the first hash-table in a
 ** wal-index is smaller than usual. This is so that there is a complete
 ** hash-table on each aligned 32KB page of the wal-index.
@@ -58366,9 +60189,9 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int walIndexPageRealloc(
 
   /* Enlarge the pWal->apWiData[] array if required */
   if( pWal->nWiData<=iPage ){
-    int nByte = sizeof(u32*)*(iPage+1);
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(u32*)*(iPage+1);
     volatile u32 **apNew;
-    apNew = (volatile u32 **)sqlite3_realloc64((void *)pWal->apWiData, nByte);
+    apNew = (volatile u32 **)sqlite3Realloc((void *)pWal->apWiData, nByte);
     if( !apNew ){
       *ppPage = 0;
       return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
@@ -58385,12 +60208,14 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int walIndexPageRealloc(
     pWal->apWiData[iPage] = (u32 volatile *)sqlite3MallocZero(WALINDEX_PGSZ);
     if( !pWal->apWiData[iPage] ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }else{
-    rc = sqlite3OsShmMap(pWal->pDbFd, iPage, WALINDEX_PGSZ, 
+    rc = sqlite3OsShmMap(pWal->pDbFd, iPage, WALINDEX_PGSZ,
         pWal->writeLock, (void volatile **)&pWal->apWiData[iPage]
     );
     assert( pWal->apWiData[iPage]!=0 || rc!=SQLITE_OK || pWal->writeLock==0 );
     testcase( pWal->apWiData[iPage]==0 && rc==SQLITE_OK );
-    if( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_READONLY ){
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      if( iPage>0 && sqlite3FaultSim(600) ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else if( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_READONLY ){
       pWal->readOnly |= WAL_SHM_RDONLY;
       if( rc==SQLITE_READONLY ){
         rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -58442,7 +60267,7 @@ static volatile WalIndexHdr *walIndexHdr(Wal *pWal){
 )
 
 /*
-** Generate or extend an 8 byte checksum based on the data in 
+** Generate or extend an 8 byte checksum based on the data in
 ** array aByte[] and the initial values of aIn[0] and aIn[1] (or
 ** initial values of 0 and 0 if aIn==NULL).
 **
@@ -58470,6 +60295,7 @@ static void walChecksumBytes(
 
   assert( nByte>=8 );
   assert( (nByte&0x00000007)==0 );
+  assert( nByte<=65536 );
 
   if( nativeCksum ){
     do {
@@ -58488,18 +60314,35 @@ static void walChecksumBytes(
   aOut[1] = s2;
 }
 
+/*
+** If there is the possibility of concurrent access to the SHM file
+** from multiple threads and/or processes, then do a memory barrier.
+*/
 static void walShmBarrier(Wal *pWal){
   if( pWal->exclusiveMode!=WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE ){
     sqlite3OsShmBarrier(pWal->pDbFd);
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** Add the SQLITE_NO_TSAN as part of the return-type of a function
+** definition as a hint that the function contains constructs that
+** might give false-positive TSAN warnings.
+**
+** See tag-20200519-1.
+*/
+#if defined(__clang__) && !defined(SQLITE_NO_TSAN)
+# define SQLITE_NO_TSAN __attribute__((no_sanitize_thread))
+#else
+# define SQLITE_NO_TSAN
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Write the header information in pWal->hdr into the wal-index.
 **
 ** The checksum on pWal->hdr is updated before it is written.
 */
-static void walIndexWriteHdr(Wal *pWal){
+static SQLITE_NO_TSAN void walIndexWriteHdr(Wal *pWal){
   volatile WalIndexHdr *aHdr = walIndexHdr(pWal);
   const int nCksum = offsetof(WalIndexHdr, aCksum);
 
@@ -58507,6 +60350,7 @@ static void walIndexWriteHdr(Wal *pWal){
   pWal->hdr.isInit = 1;
   pWal->hdr.iVersion = WALINDEX_MAX_VERSION;
   walChecksumBytes(1, (u8*)&pWal->hdr, nCksum, 0, pWal->hdr.aCksum);
+  /* Possible TSAN false-positive.  See tag-20200519-1 */
   memcpy((void*)&aHdr[1], (const void*)&pWal->hdr, sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
   walShmBarrier(pWal);
   memcpy((void*)&aHdr[0], (const void*)&pWal->hdr, sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
@@ -58514,11 +60358,11 @@ static void walIndexWriteHdr(Wal *pWal){
 
 /*
 ** This function encodes a single frame header and writes it to a buffer
-** supplied by the caller. A frame-header is made up of a series of 
+** supplied by the caller. A frame-header is made up of a series of
 ** 4-byte big-endian integers, as follows:
 **
 **     0: Page number.
-**     4: For commit records, the size of the database image in pages 
+**     4: For commit records, the size of the database image in pages
 **        after the commit. For all other records, zero.
 **     8: Salt-1 (copied from the wal-header)
 **    12: Salt-2 (copied from the wal-header)
@@ -58569,7 +60413,7 @@ static int walDecodeFrame(
   assert( WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE==24 );
 
   /* A frame is only valid if the salt values in the frame-header
-  ** match the salt values in the wal-header. 
+  ** match the salt values in the wal-header.
   */
   if( memcmp(&pWal->hdr.aSalt, &aFrame[8], 8)!=0 ){
     return 0;
@@ -58583,15 +60427,15 @@ static int walDecodeFrame(
   }
 
   /* A frame is only valid if a checksum of the WAL header,
-  ** all prior frams, the first 16 bytes of this frame-header, 
-  ** and the frame-data matches the checksum in the last 8 
+  ** all prior frams, the first 16 bytes of this frame-header,
+  ** and the frame-data matches the checksum in the last 8
   ** bytes of this frame-header.
   */
   nativeCksum = (pWal->hdr.bigEndCksum==SQLITE_BIGENDIAN);
   walChecksumBytes(nativeCksum, aFrame, 8, aCksum, aCksum);
   walChecksumBytes(nativeCksum, aData, pWal->szPage, aCksum, aCksum);
-  if( aCksum[0]!=sqlite3Get4byte(&aFrame[16]) 
-   || aCksum[1]!=sqlite3Get4byte(&aFrame[20]) 
+  if( aCksum[0]!=sqlite3Get4byte(&aFrame[16])
+   || aCksum[1]!=sqlite3Get4byte(&aFrame[20])
   ){
     /* Checksum failed. */
     return 0;
@@ -58626,7 +60470,7 @@ static const char *walLockName(int lockIdx){
   }
 }
 #endif /*defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) */
-    
+
 
 /*
 ** Set or release locks on the WAL.  Locks are either shared or exclusive.
@@ -58642,7 +60486,7 @@ static int walLockShared(Wal *pWal, int lockIdx){
                         SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED);
   WALTRACE(("WAL%p: acquire SHARED-%s %s\n", pWal,
             walLockName(lockIdx), rc ? "failed" : "ok"));
-  VVA_ONLY( pWal->lockError = (u8)(rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_BUSY); )
+  VVA_ONLY( pWal->lockError = (u8)(rc!=SQLITE_OK && (rc&0xFF)!=SQLITE_BUSY); )
   return rc;
 }
 static void walUnlockShared(Wal *pWal, int lockIdx){
@@ -58658,7 +60502,7 @@ static int walLockExclusive(Wal *pWal, int lockIdx, int n){
                         SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE);
   WALTRACE(("WAL%p: acquire EXCLUSIVE-%s cnt=%d %s\n", pWal,
             walLockName(lockIdx), n, rc ? "failed" : "ok"));
-  VVA_ONLY( pWal->lockError = (u8)(rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_BUSY); )
+  VVA_ONLY( pWal->lockError = (u8)(rc!=SQLITE_OK && (rc&0xFF)!=SQLITE_BUSY); )
   return rc;
 }
 static void walUnlockExclusive(Wal *pWal, int lockIdx, int n){
@@ -58695,15 +60539,15 @@ struct WalHashLoc {
   u32 iZero;                /* One less than the frame number of first indexed*/
 };
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Return pointers to the hash table and page number array stored on
 ** page iHash of the wal-index. The wal-index is broken into 32KB pages
 ** numbered starting from 0.
 **
 ** Set output variable pLoc->aHash to point to the start of the hash table
-** in the wal-index file. Set pLoc->iZero to one less than the frame 
+** in the wal-index file. Set pLoc->iZero to one less than the frame
 ** number of the first frame indexed by this hash table. If a
-** slot in the hash table is set to N, it refers to frame number 
+** slot in the hash table is set to N, it refers to frame number
 ** (pLoc->iZero+N) in the log.
 **
 ** Finally, set pLoc->aPgno so that pLoc->aPgno[1] is the page number of the
@@ -58735,7 +60579,7 @@ static int walHashGet(
 /*
 ** Return the number of the wal-index page that contains the hash-table
 ** and page-number array that contain entries corresponding to WAL frame
-** iFrame. The wal-index is broken up into 32KB pages. Wal-index pages 
+** iFrame. The wal-index is broken up into 32KB pages. Wal-index pages
 ** are numbered starting from 0.
 */
 static int walFramePage(u32 iFrame){
@@ -58746,6 +60590,7 @@ static int walFramePage(u32 iFrame){
        && (iHash>=2 || iFrame<=HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE+HASHTABLE_NPAGE)
        && (iHash<=2 || iFrame>(HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE+2*HASHTABLE_NPAGE))
   );
+  assert( iHash>=0 );
   return iHash;
 }
 
@@ -58777,6 +60622,7 @@ static void walCleanupHash(Wal *pWal){
   int iLimit = 0;                 /* Zero values greater than this */
   int nByte;                      /* Number of bytes to zero in aPgno[] */
   int i;                          /* Used to iterate through aHash[] */
+  int rc;                         /* Return code form walHashGet() */
 
   assert( pWal->writeLock );
   testcase( pWal->hdr.mxFrame==HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE-1 );
@@ -58785,13 +60631,14 @@ static void walCleanupHash(Wal *pWal){
 
   if( pWal->hdr.mxFrame==0 ) return;
 
-  /* Obtain pointers to the hash-table and page-number array containing 
+  /* Obtain pointers to the hash-table and page-number array containing
   ** the entry that corresponds to frame pWal->hdr.mxFrame. It is guaranteed
-  ** that the page said hash-table and array reside on is already mapped.
+  ** that the page said hash-table and array reside on is already mapped.(1)
   */
   assert( pWal->nWiData>walFramePage(pWal->hdr.mxFrame) );
   assert( pWal->apWiData[walFramePage(pWal->hdr.mxFrame)] );
-  walHashGet(pWal, walFramePage(pWal->hdr.mxFrame), &sLoc);
+  rc = walHashGet(pWal, walFramePage(pWal->hdr.mxFrame), &sLoc);
+  if( NEVER(rc) ) return; /* Defense-in-depth, in case (1) above is wrong */
 
   /* Zero all hash-table entries that correspond to frame numbers greater
   ** than pWal->hdr.mxFrame.
@@ -58803,9 +60650,9 @@ static void walCleanupHash(Wal *pWal){
       sLoc.aHash[i] = 0;
     }
   }
-  
+
   /* Zero the entries in the aPgno array that correspond to frames with
-  ** frame numbers greater than pWal->hdr.mxFrame. 
+  ** frame numbers greater than pWal->hdr.mxFrame.
   */
   nByte = (int)((char *)sLoc.aHash - (char *)&sLoc.aPgno[iLimit+1]);
   memset((void *)&sLoc.aPgno[iLimit+1], 0, nByte);
@@ -58848,9 +60695,9 @@ static int walIndexAppend(Wal *pWal, u32 iFrame, u32 iPage){
 
     idx = iFrame - sLoc.iZero;
     assert( idx <= HASHTABLE_NSLOT/2 + 1 );
-    
+
     /* If this is the first entry to be added to this hash-table, zero the
-    ** entire hash table and aPgno[] array before proceeding. 
+    ** entire hash table and aPgno[] array before proceeding.
     */
     if( idx==1 ){
       int nByte = (int)((u8 *)&sLoc.aHash[HASHTABLE_NSLOT]
@@ -58860,8 +60707,8 @@ static int walIndexAppend(Wal *pWal, u32 iFrame, u32 iPage){
 
     /* If the entry in aPgno[] is already set, then the previous writer
     ** must have exited unexpectedly in the middle of a transaction (after
-    ** writing one or more dirty pages to the WAL to free up memory). 
-    ** Remove the remnants of that writers uncommitted transaction from 
+    ** writing one or more dirty pages to the WAL to free up memory).
+    ** Remove the remnants of that writers uncommitted transaction from
     ** the hash-table before writing any new entries.
     */
     if( sLoc.aPgno[idx] ){
@@ -58875,7 +60722,7 @@ static int walIndexAppend(Wal *pWal, u32 iFrame, u32 iPage){
       if( (nCollide--)==0 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
     }
     sLoc.aPgno[idx] = iPage;
-    sLoc.aHash[iKey] = (ht_slot)idx;
+    AtomicStore(&sLoc.aHash[iKey], (ht_slot)idx);
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT
     /* Verify that the number of entries in the hash table exactly equals
@@ -58913,7 +60760,7 @@ static int walIndexAppend(Wal *pWal, u32 iFrame, u32 iPage){
 
 
 /*
-** Recover the wal-index by reading the write-ahead log file. 
+** Recover the wal-index by reading the write-ahead log file.
 **
 ** This routine first tries to establish an exclusive lock on the
 ** wal-index to prevent other threads/processes from doing anything
@@ -58940,12 +60787,6 @@ static int walIndexRecover(Wal *pWal){
   assert( pWal->writeLock );
   iLock = WAL_ALL_BUT_WRITE + pWal->ckptLock;
   rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, iLock, WAL_READ_LOCK(0)-iLock);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(1), WAL_NREADER-1);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      walUnlockExclusive(pWal, iLock, WAL_READ_LOCK(0)-iLock);
-    }
-  }
   if( rc ){
     return rc;
   }
@@ -58961,15 +60802,16 @@ static int walIndexRecover(Wal *pWal){
 
   if( nSize>WAL_HDRSIZE ){
     u8 aBuf[WAL_HDRSIZE];         /* Buffer to load WAL header into */
+    u32 *aPrivate = 0;            /* Heap copy of *-shm hash being populated */
     u8 *aFrame = 0;               /* Malloc'd buffer to load entire frame */
     int szFrame;                  /* Number of bytes in buffer aFrame[] */
     u8 *aData;                    /* Pointer to data part of aFrame buffer */
-    int iFrame;                   /* Index of last frame read */
-    i64 iOffset;                  /* Next offset to read from log file */
     int szPage;                   /* Page size according to the log */
     u32 magic;                    /* Magic value read from WAL header */
     u32 version;                  /* Magic value read from WAL header */
     int isValid;                  /* True if this frame is valid */
+    u32 iPg;                      /* Current 32KB wal-index page */
+    u32 iLastFrame;               /* Last frame in wal, based on nSize alone */
 
     /* Read in the WAL header. */
     rc = sqlite3OsRead(pWal->pWalFd, aBuf, WAL_HDRSIZE, 0);
@@ -58978,16 +60820,16 @@ static int walIndexRecover(Wal *pWal){
     }
 
     /* If the database page size is not a power of two, or is greater than
-    ** SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE, conclude that the WAL file contains no valid 
+    ** SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE, conclude that the WAL file contains no valid
     ** data. Similarly, if the 'magic' value is invalid, ignore the whole
     ** WAL file.
     */
     magic = sqlite3Get4byte(&aBuf[0]);
     szPage = sqlite3Get4byte(&aBuf[8]);
-    if( (magic&0xFFFFFFFE)!=WAL_MAGIC 
-     || szPage&(szPage-1) 
-     || szPage>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE 
-     || szPage<512 
+    if( (magic&0xFFFFFFFE)!=WAL_MAGIC
+     || szPage&(szPage-1)
+     || szPage>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
+     || szPage<512
     ){
       goto finished;
     }
@@ -58997,7 +60839,7 @@ static int walIndexRecover(Wal *pWal){
     memcpy(&pWal->hdr.aSalt, &aBuf[16], 8);
 
     /* Verify that the WAL header checksum is correct */
-    walChecksumBytes(pWal->hdr.bigEndCksum==SQLITE_BIGENDIAN, 
+    walChecksumBytes(pWal->hdr.bigEndCksum==SQLITE_BIGENDIAN,
         aBuf, WAL_HDRSIZE-2*4, 0, pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum
     );
     if( pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0]!=sqlite3Get4byte(&aBuf[24])
@@ -59016,38 +60858,82 @@ static int walIndexRecover(Wal *pWal){
 
     /* Malloc a buffer to read frames into. */
     szFrame = szPage + WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE;
-    aFrame = (u8 *)sqlite3_malloc64(szFrame);
+    aFrame = (u8 *)sqlite3_malloc64(szFrame + WALINDEX_PGSZ);
     if( !aFrame ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
       goto recovery_error;
     }
     aData = &aFrame[WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE];
+    aPrivate = (u32*)&aData[szPage];
 
     /* Read all frames from the log file. */
-    iFrame = 0;
-    for(iOffset=WAL_HDRSIZE; (iOffset+szFrame)<=nSize; iOffset+=szFrame){
-      u32 pgno;                   /* Database page number for frame */
-      u32 nTruncate;              /* dbsize field from frame header */
-
-      /* Read and decode the next log frame. */
-      iFrame++;
-      rc = sqlite3OsRead(pWal->pWalFd, aFrame, szFrame, iOffset);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
-      isValid = walDecodeFrame(pWal, &pgno, &nTruncate, aData, aFrame);
-      if( !isValid ) break;
-      rc = walIndexAppend(pWal, iFrame, pgno);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
+    iLastFrame = (nSize - WAL_HDRSIZE) / szFrame;
+    for(iPg=0; iPg<=(u32)walFramePage(iLastFrame); iPg++){
+      u32 *aShare;
+      u32 iFrame;                 /* Index of last frame read */
+      u32 iLast = MIN(iLastFrame, HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE+iPg*HASHTABLE_NPAGE);
+      u32 iFirst = 1 + (iPg==0?0:HASHTABLE_NPAGE_ONE+(iPg-1)*HASHTABLE_NPAGE);
+      u32 nHdr, nHdr32;
+      rc = walIndexPage(pWal, iPg, (volatile u32**)&aShare);
+      if( rc ) break;
+      pWal->apWiData[iPg] = aPrivate;
+
+      for(iFrame=iFirst; iFrame<=iLast; iFrame++){
+        i64 iOffset = walFrameOffset(iFrame, szPage);
+        u32 pgno;                 /* Database page number for frame */
+        u32 nTruncate;            /* dbsize field from frame header */
 
-      /* If nTruncate is non-zero, this is a commit record. */
-      if( nTruncate ){
-        pWal->hdr.mxFrame = iFrame;
-        pWal->hdr.nPage = nTruncate;
-        pWal->hdr.szPage = (u16)((szPage&0xff00) | (szPage>>16));
-        testcase( szPage<=32768 );
-        testcase( szPage>=65536 );
-        aFrameCksum[0] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0];
-        aFrameCksum[1] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1];
+        /* Read and decode the next log frame. */
+        rc = sqlite3OsRead(pWal->pWalFd, aFrame, szFrame, iOffset);
+        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
+        isValid = walDecodeFrame(pWal, &pgno, &nTruncate, aData, aFrame);
+        if( !isValid ) break;
+        rc = walIndexAppend(pWal, iFrame, pgno);
+        if( NEVER(rc!=SQLITE_OK) ) break;
+
+        /* If nTruncate is non-zero, this is a commit record. */
+        if( nTruncate ){
+          pWal->hdr.mxFrame = iFrame;
+          pWal->hdr.nPage = nTruncate;
+          pWal->hdr.szPage = (u16)((szPage&0xff00) | (szPage>>16));
+          testcase( szPage<=32768 );
+          testcase( szPage>=65536 );
+          aFrameCksum[0] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0];
+          aFrameCksum[1] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1];
+        }
+      }
+      pWal->apWiData[iPg] = aShare;
+      nHdr = (iPg==0 ? WALINDEX_HDR_SIZE : 0);
+      nHdr32 = nHdr / sizeof(u32);
+#ifndef SQLITE_SAFER_WALINDEX_RECOVERY
+      /* Memcpy() should work fine here, on all reasonable implementations.
+      ** Technically, memcpy() might change the destination to some
+      ** intermediate value before setting to the final value, and that might
+      ** cause a concurrent reader to malfunction.  Memcpy() is allowed to
+      ** do that, according to the spec, but no memcpy() implementation that
+      ** we know of actually does that, which is why we say that memcpy()
+      ** is safe for this.  Memcpy() is certainly a lot faster.
+      */
+      memcpy(&aShare[nHdr32], &aPrivate[nHdr32], WALINDEX_PGSZ-nHdr);
+#else
+      /* In the event that some platform is found for which memcpy()
+      ** changes the destination to some intermediate value before
+      ** setting the final value, this alternative copy routine is
+      ** provided.
+      */
+      {
+        int i;
+        for(i=nHdr32; i<WALINDEX_PGSZ/sizeof(u32); i++){
+          if( aShare[i]!=aPrivate[i] ){
+            /* Atomic memory operations are not required here because if
+            ** the value needs to be changed, that means it is not being
+            ** accessed concurrently. */
+            aShare[i] = aPrivate[i];
+          }
+        }
       }
+#endif
+      if( iFrame<=iLast ) break;
     }
 
     sqlite3_free(aFrame);
@@ -59061,16 +60947,27 @@ finished:
     pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1] = aFrameCksum[1];
     walIndexWriteHdr(pWal);
 
-    /* Reset the checkpoint-header. This is safe because this thread is 
-    ** currently holding locks that exclude all other readers, writers and
-    ** checkpointers.
+    /* Reset the checkpoint-header. This is safe because this thread is
+    ** currently holding locks that exclude all other writers and
+    ** checkpointers. Then set the values of read-mark slots 1 through N.
     */
     pInfo = walCkptInfo(pWal);
     pInfo->nBackfill = 0;
     pInfo->nBackfillAttempted = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
     pInfo->aReadMark[0] = 0;
-    for(i=1; i<WAL_NREADER; i++) pInfo->aReadMark[i] = READMARK_NOT_USED;
-    if( pWal->hdr.mxFrame ) pInfo->aReadMark[1] = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
+    for(i=1; i<WAL_NREADER; i++){
+      rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(i), 1);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        if( i==1 && pWal->hdr.mxFrame ){
+          pInfo->aReadMark[i] = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
+        }else{
+          pInfo->aReadMark[i] = READMARK_NOT_USED;
+        }
+        walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(i), 1);
+      }else if( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY ){
+        goto recovery_error;
+      }
+    }
 
     /* If more than one frame was recovered from the log file, report an
     ** event via sqlite3_log(). This is to help with identifying performance
@@ -59088,7 +60985,6 @@ finished:
 recovery_error:
   WALTRACE(("WAL%p: recovery %s\n", pWal, rc ? "failed" : "ok"));
   walUnlockExclusive(pWal, iLock, WAL_READ_LOCK(0)-iLock);
-  walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(1), WAL_NREADER-1);
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -59108,8 +61004,8 @@ static void walIndexClose(Wal *pWal, int isDelete){
   }
 }
 
-/* 
-** Open a connection to the WAL file zWalName. The database file must 
+/*
+** Open a connection to the WAL file zWalName. The database file must
 ** already be opened on connection pDbFd. The buffer that zWalName points
 ** to must remain valid for the lifetime of the returned Wal* handle.
 **
@@ -59119,7 +61015,7 @@ static void walIndexClose(Wal *pWal, int isDelete){
 ** were to do this just after this client opened one of these files, the
 ** system would be badly broken.
 **
-** If the log file is successfully opened, SQLITE_OK is returned and 
+** If the log file is successfully opened, SQLITE_OK is returned and
 ** *ppWal is set to point to a new WAL handle. If an error occurs,
 ** an SQLite error code is returned and *ppWal is left unmodified.
 */
@@ -59283,7 +61179,7 @@ static void walMerge(
     ht_slot logpage;
     Pgno dbpage;
 
-    if( (iLeft<nLeft) 
+    if( (iLeft<nLeft)
      && (iRight>=nRight || aContent[aLeft[iLeft]]<aContent[aRight[iRight]])
     ){
       logpage = aLeft[iLeft++];
@@ -59381,7 +61277,7 @@ static void walMergesort(
 #endif
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Free an iterator allocated by walIteratorInit().
 */
 static void walIteratorFree(WalIterator *p){
@@ -59389,7 +61285,7 @@ static void walIteratorFree(WalIterator *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** Construct a WalInterator object that can be used to loop over all 
+** Construct a WalInterator object that can be used to loop over all
 ** pages in the WAL following frame nBackfill in ascending order. Frames
 ** nBackfill or earlier may be included - excluding them is an optimization
 ** only. The caller must hold the checkpoint lock.
@@ -59405,7 +61301,7 @@ static int walIteratorInit(Wal *pWal, u32 nBackfill, WalIterator **pp){
   WalIterator *p;                 /* Return value */
   int nSegment;                   /* Number of segments to merge */
   u32 iLast;                      /* Last frame in log */
-  int nByte;                      /* Number of bytes to allocate */
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte;            /* Number of bytes to allocate */
   int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
   ht_slot *aTmp;                  /* Temp space used by merge-sort */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return Code */
@@ -59418,7 +61314,7 @@ static int walIteratorInit(Wal *pWal, u32 nBackfill, WalIterator **pp){
 
   /* Allocate space for the WalIterator object. */
   nSegment = walFramePage(iLast) + 1;
-  nByte = sizeof(WalIterator) 
+  nByte = sizeof(WalIterator)
         + (nSegment-1)*sizeof(struct WalSegment)
         + iLast*sizeof(ht_slot);
   p = (WalIterator *)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
@@ -59455,7 +61351,7 @@ static int walIteratorInit(Wal *pWal, u32 nBackfill, WalIterator **pp){
       }
       aIndex = &((ht_slot *)&p->aSegment[p->nSegment])[sLoc.iZero];
       sLoc.iZero++;
-  
+
       for(j=0; j<nEntry; j++){
         aIndex[j] = (ht_slot)j;
       }
@@ -59476,6 +61372,89 @@ static int walIteratorInit(Wal *pWal, u32 nBackfill, WalIterator **pp){
   return rc;
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+/*
+** Attempt to enable blocking locks. Blocking locks are enabled only if (a)
+** they are supported by the VFS, and (b) the database handle is configured
+** with a busy-timeout. Return 1 if blocking locks are successfully enabled,
+** or 0 otherwise.
+*/
+static int walEnableBlocking(Wal *pWal){
+  int res = 0;
+  if( pWal->db ){
+    int tmout = pWal->db->busyTimeout;
+    if( tmout ){
+      int rc;
+      rc = sqlite3OsFileControl(
+          pWal->pDbFd, SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT, (void*)&tmout
+      );
+      res = (rc==SQLITE_OK);
+    }
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+/*
+** Disable blocking locks.
+*/
+static void walDisableBlocking(Wal *pWal){
+  int tmout = 0;
+  sqlite3OsFileControl(pWal->pDbFd, SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT, (void*)&tmout);
+}
+
+/*
+** If parameter bLock is true, attempt to enable blocking locks, take
+** the WRITER lock, and then disable blocking locks. If blocking locks
+** cannot be enabled, no attempt to obtain the WRITER lock is made. Return
+** an SQLite error code if an error occurs, or SQLITE_OK otherwise. It is not
+** an error if blocking locks can not be enabled.
+**
+** If the bLock parameter is false and the WRITER lock is held, release it.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalWriteLock(Wal *pWal, int bLock){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  assert( pWal->readLock<0 || bLock==0 );
+  if( bLock ){
+    assert( pWal->db );
+    if( walEnableBlocking(pWal) ){
+      rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        pWal->writeLock = 1;
+      }
+      walDisableBlocking(pWal);
+    }
+  }else if( pWal->writeLock ){
+    walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1);
+    pWal->writeLock = 0;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Set the database handle used to determine if blocking locks are required.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WalDb(Wal *pWal, sqlite3 *db){
+  pWal->db = db;
+}
+
+/*
+** Take an exclusive WRITE lock. Blocking if so configured.
+*/
+static int walLockWriter(Wal *pWal){
+  int rc;
+  walEnableBlocking(pWal);
+  rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1);
+  walDisableBlocking(pWal);
+  return rc;
+}
+#else
+# define walEnableBlocking(x) 0
+# define walDisableBlocking(x)
+# define walLockWriter(pWal) walLockExclusive((pWal), WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1)
+# define sqlite3WalDb(pWal, db)
+#endif   /* ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT */
+
+
 /*
 ** Attempt to obtain the exclusive WAL lock defined by parameters lockIdx and
 ** n. If the attempt fails and parameter xBusy is not NULL, then it is a
@@ -59493,6 +61472,12 @@ static int walBusyLock(
   do {
     rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, lockIdx, n);
   }while( xBusy && rc==SQLITE_BUSY && xBusy(pBusyArg) );
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+  if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT ){
+    walDisableBlocking(pWal);
+    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
+  }
+#endif
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -59517,8 +61502,8 @@ static int walPagesize(Wal *pWal){
 ** client to write to the database (which may be this one) does so by
 ** writing frames into the start of the log file.
 **
-** The value of parameter salt1 is used as the aSalt[1] value in the 
-** new wal-index header. It should be passed a pseudo-random value (i.e. 
+** The value of parameter salt1 is used as the aSalt[1] value in the
+** new wal-index header. It should be passed a pseudo-random value (i.e.
 ** one obtained from sqlite3_randomness()).
 */
 static void walRestartHdr(Wal *pWal, u32 salt1){
@@ -59530,7 +61515,7 @@ static void walRestartHdr(Wal *pWal, u32 salt1){
   sqlite3Put4byte((u8*)&aSalt[0], 1 + sqlite3Get4byte((u8*)&aSalt[0]));
   memcpy(&pWal->hdr.aSalt[1], &salt1, 4);
   walIndexWriteHdr(pWal);
-  pInfo->nBackfill = 0;
+  AtomicStore(&pInfo->nBackfill, 0);
   pInfo->nBackfillAttempted = 0;
   pInfo->aReadMark[1] = 0;
   for(i=2; i<WAL_NREADER; i++) pInfo->aReadMark[i] = READMARK_NOT_USED;
@@ -59546,8 +61531,8 @@ static void walRestartHdr(Wal *pWal, u32 salt1){
 ** that a concurrent reader might be using.
 **
 ** All I/O barrier operations (a.k.a fsyncs) occur in this routine when
-** SQLite is in WAL-mode in synchronous=NORMAL.  That means that if 
-** checkpoints are always run by a background thread or background 
+** SQLite is in WAL-mode in synchronous=NORMAL.  That means that if
+** checkpoints are always run by a background thread or background
 ** process, foreground threads will never block on a lengthy fsync call.
 **
 ** Fsync is called on the WAL before writing content out of the WAL and
@@ -59560,7 +61545,7 @@ static void walRestartHdr(Wal *pWal, u32 salt1){
 ** database file.
 **
 ** This routine uses and updates the nBackfill field of the wal-index header.
-** This is the only routine that will increase the value of nBackfill.  
+** This is the only routine that will increase the value of nBackfill.
 ** (A WAL reset or recovery will revert nBackfill to zero, but not increase
 ** its value.)
 **
@@ -59605,20 +61590,13 @@ static int walCheckpoint(
     mxSafeFrame = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
     mxPage = pWal->hdr.nPage;
     for(i=1; i<WAL_NREADER; i++){
-      /* Thread-sanitizer reports that the following is an unsafe read,
-      ** as some other thread may be in the process of updating the value
-      ** of the aReadMark[] slot. The assumption here is that if that is
-      ** happening, the other client may only be increasing the value,
-      ** not decreasing it. So assuming either that either the "old" or
-      ** "new" version of the value is read, and not some arbitrary value
-      ** that would never be written by a real client, things are still 
-      ** safe.  */
-      u32 y = pInfo->aReadMark[i];
+      u32 y = AtomicLoad(pInfo->aReadMark+i);
       if( mxSafeFrame>y ){
         assert( y<=pWal->hdr.mxFrame );
         rc = walBusyLock(pWal, xBusy, pBusyArg, WAL_READ_LOCK(i), 1);
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          pInfo->aReadMark[i] = (i==1 ? mxSafeFrame : READMARK_NOT_USED);
+          u32 iMark = (i==1 ? mxSafeFrame : READMARK_NOT_USED);
+          AtomicStore(pInfo->aReadMark+i, iMark);
           walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(i), 1);
         }else if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
           mxSafeFrame = y;
@@ -59636,7 +61614,7 @@ static int walCheckpoint(
     }
 
     if( pIter
-     && (rc = walBusyLock(pWal, xBusy, pBusyArg, WAL_READ_LOCK(0),1))==SQLITE_OK
+     && (rc = walBusyLock(pWal,xBusy,pBusyArg,WAL_READ_LOCK(0),1))==SQLITE_OK
     ){
       u32 nBackfill = pInfo->nBackfill;
 
@@ -59651,18 +61629,27 @@ static int walCheckpoint(
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         i64 nReq = ((i64)mxPage * szPage);
         i64 nSize;                    /* Current size of database file */
+        sqlite3OsFileControl(pWal->pDbFd, SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START, 0);
         rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pWal->pDbFd, &nSize);
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nSize<nReq ){
-          sqlite3OsFileControlHint(pWal->pDbFd, SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT, &nReq);
+          if( (nSize+65536+(i64)pWal->hdr.mxFrame*szPage)<nReq ){
+            /* If the size of the final database is larger than the current
+            ** database plus the amount of data in the wal file, plus the
+            ** maximum size of the pending-byte page (65536 bytes), then
+            ** must be corruption somewhere.  */
+            rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+          }else{
+            sqlite3OsFileControlHint(pWal->pDbFd, SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT,&nReq);
+          }
         }
-      }
 
+      }
 
       /* Iterate through the contents of the WAL, copying data to the db file */
       while( rc==SQLITE_OK && 0==walIteratorNext(pIter, &iDbpage, &iFrame) ){
         i64 iOffset;
         assert( walFramePgno(pWal, iFrame)==iDbpage );
-        if( db->u1.isInterrupted ){
+        if( AtomicLoad(&db->u1.isInterrupted) ){
           rc = db->mallocFailed ? SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT : SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
           break;
         }
@@ -59678,6 +61665,7 @@ static int walCheckpoint(
         rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pWal->pDbFd, zBuf, szPage, iOffset);
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
       }
+      sqlite3OsFileControl(pWal->pDbFd, SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE, 0);
 
       /* If work was actually accomplished... */
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -59690,7 +61678,7 @@ static int walCheckpoint(
           }
         }
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          pInfo->nBackfill = mxSafeFrame;
+          AtomicStore(&pInfo->nBackfill, mxSafeFrame);
         }
       }
 
@@ -59706,8 +61694,8 @@ static int walCheckpoint(
   }
 
   /* If this is an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART or TRUNCATE operation, and the
-  ** entire wal file has been copied into the database file, then block 
-  ** until all readers have finished using the wal file. This ensures that 
+  ** entire wal file has been copied into the database file, then block
+  ** until all readers have finished using the wal file. This ensures that
   ** the next process to write to the database restarts the wal file.
   */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && eMode!=SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE ){
@@ -59731,7 +61719,7 @@ static int walCheckpoint(
           ** writer clients should see that the entire log file has been
           ** checkpointed and behave accordingly. This seems unsafe though,
           ** as it would leave the system in a state where the contents of
-          ** the wal-index header do not match the contents of the 
+          ** the wal-index header do not match the contents of the
           ** file-system. To avoid this, update the wal-index header to
           ** indicate that the log file contains zero valid frames.  */
           walRestartHdr(pWal, salt1);
@@ -59793,7 +61781,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalClose(
       if( pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_NORMAL_MODE ){
         pWal->exclusiveMode = WAL_EXCLUSIVE_MODE;
       }
-      rc = sqlite3WalCheckpoint(pWal, db, 
+      rc = sqlite3WalCheckpoint(pWal, db,
           SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE, 0, 0, sync_flags, nBuf, zBuf, 0, 0
       );
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -59849,7 +61837,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalClose(
 ** If the checksum cannot be verified return non-zero. If the header
 ** is read successfully and the checksum verified, return zero.
 */
-static int walIndexTryHdr(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
+static SQLITE_NO_TSAN int walIndexTryHdr(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
   u32 aCksum[2];                  /* Checksum on the header content */
   WalIndexHdr h1, h2;             /* Two copies of the header content */
   WalIndexHdr volatile *aHdr;     /* Header in shared memory */
@@ -59862,19 +61850,25 @@ static int walIndexTryHdr(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
   ** meaning it is possible that an inconsistent snapshot is read
   ** from the file. If this happens, return non-zero.
   **
+  ** tag-20200519-1:
   ** There are two copies of the header at the beginning of the wal-index.
   ** When reading, read [0] first then [1].  Writes are in the reverse order.
   ** Memory barriers are used to prevent the compiler or the hardware from
-  ** reordering the reads and writes.
+  ** reordering the reads and writes.  TSAN and similar tools can sometimes
+  ** give false-positive warnings about these accesses because the tools do not
+  ** account for the double-read and the memory barrier. The use of mutexes
+  ** here would be problematic as the memory being accessed is potentially
+  ** shared among multiple processes and not all mutex implementions work
+  ** reliably in that environment.
   */
   aHdr = walIndexHdr(pWal);
-  memcpy(&h1, (void *)&aHdr[0], sizeof(h1));
+  memcpy(&h1, (void *)&aHdr[0], sizeof(h1)); /* Possible TSAN false-positive */
   walShmBarrier(pWal);
   memcpy(&h2, (void *)&aHdr[1], sizeof(h2));
 
   if( memcmp(&h1, &h2, sizeof(h1))!=0 ){
     return 1;   /* Dirty read */
-  }  
+  }
   if( h1.isInit==0 ){
     return 1;   /* Malformed header - probably all zeros */
   }
@@ -59910,7 +61904,7 @@ static int walIndexTryHdr(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
 ** changed by this operation.  If pWal->hdr is unchanged, set *pChanged
 ** to 0.
 **
-** If the wal-index header is successfully read, return SQLITE_OK. 
+** If the wal-index header is successfully read, return SQLITE_OK.
 ** Otherwise an SQLite error code.
 */
 static int walIndexReadHdr(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
@@ -59918,7 +61912,7 @@ static int walIndexReadHdr(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
   int badHdr;                     /* True if a header read failed */
   volatile u32 *page0;            /* Chunk of wal-index containing header */
 
-  /* Ensure that page 0 of the wal-index (the page that contains the 
+  /* Ensure that page 0 of the wal-index (the page that contains the
   ** wal-index header) is mapped. Return early if an error occurs here.
   */
   assert( pChanged );
@@ -59950,7 +61944,7 @@ static int walIndexReadHdr(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
 
   /* If the first page of the wal-index has been mapped, try to read the
   ** wal-index header immediately, without holding any lock. This usually
-  ** works, but may fail if the wal-index header is corrupt or currently 
+  ** works, but may fail if the wal-index header is corrupt or currently
   ** being modified by another thread or process.
   */
   badHdr = (page0 ? walIndexTryHdr(pWal, pChanged) : 1);
@@ -59958,28 +61952,32 @@ static int walIndexReadHdr(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
   /* If the first attempt failed, it might have been due to a race
   ** with a writer.  So get a WRITE lock and try again.
   */
-  assert( badHdr==0 || pWal->writeLock==0 );
   if( badHdr ){
     if( pWal->bShmUnreliable==0 && (pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY) ){
       if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK)) ){
         walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK);
         rc = SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY;
       }
-    }else if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1)) ){
-      pWal->writeLock = 1;
-      if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = walIndexPage(pWal, 0, &page0)) ){
-        badHdr = walIndexTryHdr(pWal, pChanged);
-        if( badHdr ){
-          /* If the wal-index header is still malformed even while holding
-          ** a WRITE lock, it can only mean that the header is corrupted and
-          ** needs to be reconstructed.  So run recovery to do exactly that.
-          */
-          rc = walIndexRecover(pWal);
-          *pChanged = 1;
+    }else{
+      int bWriteLock = pWal->writeLock;
+      if( bWriteLock || SQLITE_OK==(rc = walLockWriter(pWal)) ){
+        pWal->writeLock = 1;
+        if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = walIndexPage(pWal, 0, &page0)) ){
+          badHdr = walIndexTryHdr(pWal, pChanged);
+          if( badHdr ){
+            /* If the wal-index header is still malformed even while holding
+            ** a WRITE lock, it can only mean that the header is corrupted and
+            ** needs to be reconstructed.  So run recovery to do exactly that.
+            */
+            rc = walIndexRecover(pWal);
+            *pChanged = 1;
+          }
+        }
+        if( bWriteLock==0 ){
+          pWal->writeLock = 0;
+          walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1);
         }
       }
-      pWal->writeLock = 0;
-      walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1);
     }
   }
 
@@ -60021,15 +62019,15 @@ static int walIndexReadHdr(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
 **
 **    The *-wal file has been read and an appropriate wal-index has been
 **    constructed in pWal->apWiData[] using heap memory instead of shared
-**    memory. 
+**    memory.
 **
 ** If this function returns SQLITE_OK, then the read transaction has
-** been successfully opened. In this case output variable (*pChanged) 
+** been successfully opened. In this case output variable (*pChanged)
 ** is set to true before returning if the caller should discard the
-** contents of the page cache before proceeding. Or, if it returns 
-** WAL_RETRY, then the heap memory wal-index has been discarded and 
-** the caller should retry opening the read transaction from the 
-** beginning (including attempting to map the *-shm file). 
+** contents of the page cache before proceeding. Or, if it returns
+** WAL_RETRY, then the heap memory wal-index has been discarded and
+** the caller should retry opening the read transaction from the
+** beginning (including attempting to map the *-shm file).
 **
 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned.
 */
@@ -60140,8 +62138,8 @@ static int walBeginShmUnreliable(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
   ** the caller.  */
   aSaveCksum[0] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0];
   aSaveCksum[1] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1];
-  for(iOffset=walFrameOffset(pWal->hdr.mxFrame+1, pWal->hdr.szPage); 
-      iOffset+szFrame<=szWal; 
+  for(iOffset=walFrameOffset(pWal->hdr.mxFrame+1, pWal->hdr.szPage);
+      iOffset+szFrame<=szWal;
       iOffset+=szFrame
   ){
     u32 pgno;                   /* Database page number for frame */
@@ -60189,10 +62187,10 @@ static int walBeginShmUnreliable(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
 **
 ** The useWal parameter is true to force the use of the WAL and disable
 ** the case where the WAL is bypassed because it has been completely
-** checkpointed.  If useWal==0 then this routine calls walIndexReadHdr() 
-** to make a copy of the wal-index header into pWal->hdr.  If the 
-** wal-index header has changed, *pChanged is set to 1 (as an indication 
-** to the caller that the local page cache is obsolete and needs to be 
+** checkpointed.  If useWal==0 then this routine calls walIndexReadHdr()
+** to make a copy of the wal-index header into pWal->hdr.  If the
+** wal-index header has changed, *pChanged is set to 1 (as an indication
+** to the caller that the local page cache is obsolete and needs to be
 ** flushed.)  When useWal==1, the wal-index header is assumed to already
 ** be loaded and the pChanged parameter is unused.
 **
@@ -60207,7 +62205,7 @@ static int walBeginShmUnreliable(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
 ** bad luck when there is lots of contention for the wal-index, but that
 ** possibility is so small that it can be safely neglected, we believe.
 **
-** On success, this routine obtains a read lock on 
+** On success, this routine obtains a read lock on
 ** WAL_READ_LOCK(pWal->readLock).  The pWal->readLock integer is
 ** in the range 0 <= pWal->readLock < WAL_NREADER.  If pWal->readLock==(-1)
 ** that means the Wal does not hold any read lock.  The reader must not
@@ -60245,16 +62243,16 @@ static int walTryBeginRead(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged, int useWal, int cnt){
   **
   ** Circumstances that cause a RETRY should only last for the briefest
   ** instances of time.  No I/O or other system calls are done while the
-  ** locks are held, so the locks should not be held for very long. But 
+  ** locks are held, so the locks should not be held for very long. But
   ** if we are unlucky, another process that is holding a lock might get
-  ** paged out or take a page-fault that is time-consuming to resolve, 
+  ** paged out or take a page-fault that is time-consuming to resolve,
   ** during the few nanoseconds that it is holding the lock.  In that case,
   ** it might take longer than normal for the lock to free.
   **
   ** After 5 RETRYs, we begin calling sqlite3OsSleep().  The first few
   ** calls to sqlite3OsSleep() have a delay of 1 microsecond.  Really this
   ** is more of a scheduler yield than an actual delay.  But on the 10th
-  ** an subsequent retries, the delays start becoming longer and longer, 
+  ** an subsequent retries, the delays start becoming longer and longer,
   ** so that on the 100th (and last) RETRY we delay for 323 milliseconds.
   ** The total delay time before giving up is less than 10 seconds.
   */
@@ -60285,9 +62283,9 @@ static int walTryBeginRead(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged, int useWal, int cnt){
       if( pWal->apWiData[0]==0 ){
         /* This branch is taken when the xShmMap() method returns SQLITE_BUSY.
         ** We assume this is a transient condition, so return WAL_RETRY. The
-        ** xShmMap() implementation used by the default unix and win32 VFS 
-        ** modules may return SQLITE_BUSY due to a race condition in the 
-        ** code that determines whether or not the shared-memory region 
+        ** xShmMap() implementation used by the default unix and win32 VFS
+        ** modules may return SQLITE_BUSY due to a race condition in the
+        ** code that determines whether or not the shared-memory region
         ** must be zeroed before the requested page is returned.
         */
         rc = WAL_RETRY;
@@ -60309,7 +62307,7 @@ static int walTryBeginRead(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged, int useWal, int cnt){
   assert( pWal->nWiData>0 );
   assert( pWal->apWiData[0]!=0 );
   pInfo = walCkptInfo(pWal);
-  if( !useWal && pInfo->nBackfill==pWal->hdr.mxFrame
+  if( !useWal && AtomicLoad(&pInfo->nBackfill)==pWal->hdr.mxFrame
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
    && (pWal->pSnapshot==0 || pWal->hdr.mxFrame==0)
 #endif
@@ -60328,7 +62326,7 @@ static int walTryBeginRead(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged, int useWal, int cnt){
         ** snapshot. Since holding READ_LOCK(0) prevents a checkpoint from
         ** happening, this is usually correct.
         **
-        ** However, if frames have been appended to the log (or if the log 
+        ** However, if frames have been appended to the log (or if the log
         ** is wrapped and written for that matter) before the READ_LOCK(0)
         ** is obtained, that is not necessarily true. A checkpointer may
         ** have started to backfill the appended frames but crashed before
@@ -60371,7 +62369,8 @@ static int walTryBeginRead(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged, int useWal, int cnt){
     for(i=1; i<WAL_NREADER; i++){
       rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(i), 1);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        mxReadMark = AtomicStore(pInfo->aReadMark+i,mxFrame);
+        AtomicStore(pInfo->aReadMark+i,mxFrame);
+        mxReadMark = mxFrame;
         mxI = i;
         walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(i), 1);
         break;
@@ -60409,9 +62408,9 @@ static int walTryBeginRead(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged, int useWal, int cnt){
   ** to read any frames earlier than minFrame from the wal file - they
   ** can be safely read directly from the database file.
   **
-  ** Because a ShmBarrier() call is made between taking the copy of 
+  ** Because a ShmBarrier() call is made between taking the copy of
   ** nBackfill and checking that the wal-header in shared-memory still
-  ** matches the one cached in pWal->hdr, it is guaranteed that the 
+  ** matches the one cached in pWal->hdr, it is guaranteed that the
   ** checkpointer that set nBackfill was not working with a wal-index
   ** header newer than that cached in pWal->hdr. If it were, that could
   ** cause a problem. The checkpointer could omit to checkpoint
@@ -60439,15 +62438,15 @@ static int walTryBeginRead(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged, int useWal, int cnt){
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
 /*
-** Attempt to reduce the value of the WalCkptInfo.nBackfillAttempted 
+** Attempt to reduce the value of the WalCkptInfo.nBackfillAttempted
 ** variable so that older snapshots can be accessed. To do this, loop
-** through all wal frames from nBackfillAttempted to (nBackfill+1), 
+** through all wal frames from nBackfillAttempted to (nBackfill+1),
 ** comparing their content to the corresponding page with the database
 ** file, if any. Set nBackfillAttempted to the frame number of the
 ** first frame for which the wal file content matches the db file.
 **
-** This is only really safe if the file-system is such that any page 
-** writes made by earlier checkpointers were atomic operations, which 
+** This is only really safe if the file-system is such that any page
+** writes made by earlier checkpointers were atomic operations, which
 ** is not always true. It is also possible that nBackfillAttempted
 ** may be left set to a value larger than expected, if a wal frame
 ** contains content that duplicate of an earlier version of the same
@@ -60475,7 +62474,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalSnapshotRecover(Wal *pWal){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }else{
         u32 i = pInfo->nBackfillAttempted;
-        for(i=pInfo->nBackfillAttempted; i>pInfo->nBackfill; i--){
+        for(i=pInfo->nBackfillAttempted; i>AtomicLoad(&pInfo->nBackfill); i--){
           WalHashLoc sLoc;          /* Hash table location */
           u32 pgno;                 /* Page number in db file */
           i64 iDbOff;               /* Offset of db file entry */
@@ -60530,12 +62529,35 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalSnapshotRecover(Wal *pWal){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalBeginReadTransaction(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
   int rc;                         /* Return code */
   int cnt = 0;                    /* Number of TryBeginRead attempts */
-
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
   int bChanged = 0;
   WalIndexHdr *pSnapshot = pWal->pSnapshot;
-  if( pSnapshot && memcmp(pSnapshot, &pWal->hdr, sizeof(WalIndexHdr))!=0 ){
-    bChanged = 1;
+#endif
+
+  assert( pWal->ckptLock==0 );
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
+  if( pSnapshot ){
+    if( memcmp(pSnapshot, &pWal->hdr, sizeof(WalIndexHdr))!=0 ){
+      bChanged = 1;
+    }
+
+    /* It is possible that there is a checkpointer thread running
+    ** concurrent with this code. If this is the case, it may be that the
+    ** checkpointer has already determined that it will checkpoint
+    ** snapshot X, where X is later in the wal file than pSnapshot, but
+    ** has not yet set the pInfo->nBackfillAttempted variable to indicate
+    ** its intent. To avoid the race condition this leads to, ensure that
+    ** there is no checkpointer process by taking a shared CKPT lock
+    ** before checking pInfo->nBackfillAttempted.  */
+    (void)walEnableBlocking(pWal);
+    rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_CKPT_LOCK);
+    walDisableBlocking(pWal);
+
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      return rc;
+    }
+    pWal->ckptLock = 1;
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -60568,48 +62590,42 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalBeginReadTransaction(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
       assert( pWal->readLock>0 || pWal->hdr.mxFrame==0 );
       assert( pInfo->aReadMark[pWal->readLock]<=pSnapshot->mxFrame );
 
-      /* It is possible that there is a checkpointer thread running 
-      ** concurrent with this code. If this is the case, it may be that the
-      ** checkpointer has already determined that it will checkpoint 
-      ** snapshot X, where X is later in the wal file than pSnapshot, but 
-      ** has not yet set the pInfo->nBackfillAttempted variable to indicate 
-      ** its intent. To avoid the race condition this leads to, ensure that
-      ** there is no checkpointer process by taking a shared CKPT lock 
-      ** before checking pInfo->nBackfillAttempted.  
-      **
-      ** TODO: Does the aReadMark[] lock prevent a checkpointer from doing
-      **       this already?
-      */
-      rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_CKPT_LOCK);
-
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        /* Check that the wal file has not been wrapped. Assuming that it has
-        ** not, also check that no checkpointer has attempted to checkpoint any
-        ** frames beyond pSnapshot->mxFrame. If either of these conditions are
-        ** true, return SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT. Otherwise, overwrite pWal->hdr
-        ** with *pSnapshot and set *pChanged as appropriate for opening the
-        ** snapshot.  */
-        if( !memcmp(pSnapshot->aSalt, pWal->hdr.aSalt, sizeof(pWal->hdr.aSalt))
-         && pSnapshot->mxFrame>=pInfo->nBackfillAttempted
-        ){
-          assert( pWal->readLock>0 );
-          memcpy(&pWal->hdr, pSnapshot, sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
-          *pChanged = bChanged;
-        }else{
-          rc = SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT;
-        }
-
-        /* Release the shared CKPT lock obtained above. */
-        walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_CKPT_LOCK);
-        pWal->minFrame = 1;
+      /* Check that the wal file has not been wrapped. Assuming that it has
+      ** not, also check that no checkpointer has attempted to checkpoint any
+      ** frames beyond pSnapshot->mxFrame. If either of these conditions are
+      ** true, return SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT. Otherwise, overwrite pWal->hdr
+      ** with *pSnapshot and set *pChanged as appropriate for opening the
+      ** snapshot.  */
+      if( !memcmp(pSnapshot->aSalt, pWal->hdr.aSalt, sizeof(pWal->hdr.aSalt))
+       && pSnapshot->mxFrame>=pInfo->nBackfillAttempted
+      ){
+        assert( pWal->readLock>0 );
+        memcpy(&pWal->hdr, pSnapshot, sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
+        *pChanged = bChanged;
+      }else{
+        rc = SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT;
       }
 
+      /* A client using a non-current snapshot may not ignore any frames
+      ** from the start of the wal file. This is because, for a system
+      ** where (minFrame < iSnapshot < maxFrame), a checkpointer may
+      ** have omitted to checkpoint a frame earlier than minFrame in
+      ** the file because there exists a frame after iSnapshot that
+      ** is the same database page.  */
+      pWal->minFrame = 1;
 
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
         sqlite3WalEndReadTransaction(pWal);
       }
     }
   }
+
+  /* Release the shared CKPT lock obtained above. */
+  if( pWal->ckptLock ){
+    assert( pSnapshot );
+    walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_CKPT_LOCK);
+    pWal->ckptLock = 0;
+  }
 #endif
   return rc;
 }
@@ -60649,8 +62665,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalFindFrame(
 
   /* If the "last page" field of the wal-index header snapshot is 0, then
   ** no data will be read from the wal under any circumstances. Return early
-  ** in this case as an optimization.  Likewise, if pWal->readLock==0, 
-  ** then the WAL is ignored by the reader so return early, as if the 
+  ** in this case as an optimization.  Likewise, if pWal->readLock==0,
+  ** then the WAL is ignored by the reader so return early, as if the
   ** WAL were empty.
   */
   if( iLast==0 || (pWal->readLock==0 && pWal->bShmUnreliable==0) ){
@@ -60663,9 +62679,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalFindFrame(
   ** hash table (each hash table indexes up to HASHTABLE_NPAGE frames).
   **
   ** This code might run concurrently to the code in walIndexAppend()
-  ** that adds entries to the wal-index (and possibly to this hash 
-  ** table). This means the value just read from the hash 
-  ** slot (aHash[iKey]) may have been added before or after the 
+  ** that adds entries to the wal-index (and possibly to this hash
+  ** table). This means the value just read from the hash
+  ** slot (aHash[iKey]) may have been added before or after the
   ** current read transaction was opened. Values added after the
   ** read transaction was opened may have been written incorrectly -
   ** i.e. these slots may contain garbage data. However, we assume
@@ -60673,13 +62689,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalFindFrame(
   ** opened remain unmodified.
   **
   ** For the reasons above, the if(...) condition featured in the inner
-  ** loop of the following block is more stringent that would be required 
+  ** loop of the following block is more stringent that would be required
   ** if we had exclusive access to the hash-table:
   **
-  **   (aPgno[iFrame]==pgno): 
+  **   (aPgno[iFrame]==pgno):
   **     This condition filters out normal hash-table collisions.
   **
-  **   (iFrame<=iLast): 
+  **   (iFrame<=iLast):
   **     This condition filters out entries that were added to the hash
   **     table after the current read-transaction had started.
   */
@@ -60689,22 +62705,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalFindFrame(
     int iKey;                     /* Hash slot index */
     int nCollide;                 /* Number of hash collisions remaining */
     int rc;                       /* Error code */
+    u32 iH;
 
     rc = walHashGet(pWal, iHash, &sLoc);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       return rc;
     }
     nCollide = HASHTABLE_NSLOT;
-    for(iKey=walHash(pgno); sLoc.aHash[iKey]; iKey=walNextHash(iKey)){
-      u32 iFrame = sLoc.aHash[iKey] + sLoc.iZero;
-      if( iFrame<=iLast && iFrame>=pWal->minFrame
-       && sLoc.aPgno[sLoc.aHash[iKey]]==pgno ){
+    iKey = walHash(pgno);
+    while( (iH = AtomicLoad(&sLoc.aHash[iKey]))!=0 ){
+      u32 iFrame = iH + sLoc.iZero;
+      if( iFrame<=iLast && iFrame>=pWal->minFrame && sLoc.aPgno[iH]==pgno ){
         assert( iFrame>iRead || CORRUPT_DB );
         iRead = iFrame;
       }
       if( (nCollide--)==0 ){
         return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
       }
+      iKey = walNextHash(iKey);
     }
     if( iRead ) break;
   }
@@ -60753,7 +62771,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalReadFrame(
   return sqlite3OsRead(pWal->pWalFd, pOut, (nOut>sz ? sz : nOut), iOffset);
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Return the size of the database in pages (or zero, if unknown).
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Pgno sqlite3WalDbsize(Wal *pWal){
@@ -60764,7 +62782,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Pgno sqlite3WalDbsize(Wal *pWal){
 }
 
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** This function starts a write transaction on the WAL.
 **
 ** A read transaction must have already been started by a prior call
@@ -60780,6 +62798,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Pgno sqlite3WalDbsize(Wal *pWal){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalBeginWriteTransaction(Wal *pWal){
   int rc;
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+  /* If the write-lock is already held, then it was obtained before the
+  ** read-transaction was even opened, making this call a no-op.
+  ** Return early. */
+  if( pWal->writeLock ){
+    assert( !memcmp(&pWal->hdr,(void *)walIndexHdr(pWal),sizeof(WalIndexHdr)) );
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+#endif
+
   /* Cannot start a write transaction without first holding a read
   ** transaction. */
   assert( pWal->readLock>=0 );
@@ -60842,18 +62870,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalUndo(Wal *pWal, int (*xUndo)(void *, Pgno), void *p
   if( ALWAYS(pWal->writeLock) ){
     Pgno iMax = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
     Pgno iFrame;
-  
+
     /* Restore the clients cache of the wal-index header to the state it
-    ** was in before the client began writing to the database. 
+    ** was in before the client began writing to the database.
     */
     memcpy(&pWal->hdr, (void *)walIndexHdr(pWal), sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
 
-    for(iFrame=pWal->hdr.mxFrame+1; 
-        ALWAYS(rc==SQLITE_OK) && iFrame<=iMax; 
+    for(iFrame=pWal->hdr.mxFrame+1;
+        ALWAYS(rc==SQLITE_OK) && iFrame<=iMax;
         iFrame++
     ){
       /* This call cannot fail. Unless the page for which the page number
-      ** is passed as the second argument is (a) in the cache and 
+      ** is passed as the second argument is (a) in the cache and
       ** (b) has an outstanding reference, then xUndo is either a no-op
       ** (if (a) is false) or simply expels the page from the cache (if (b)
       ** is false).
@@ -60871,10 +62899,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalUndo(Wal *pWal, int (*xUndo)(void *, Pgno), void *p
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
-** Argument aWalData must point to an array of WAL_SAVEPOINT_NDATA u32 
-** values. This function populates the array with values required to 
-** "rollback" the write position of the WAL handle back to the current 
+/*
+** Argument aWalData must point to an array of WAL_SAVEPOINT_NDATA u32
+** values. This function populates the array with values required to
+** "rollback" the write position of the WAL handle back to the current
 ** point in the event of a savepoint rollback (via WalSavepointUndo()).
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WalSavepoint(Wal *pWal, u32 *aWalData){
@@ -60885,7 +62913,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WalSavepoint(Wal *pWal, u32 *aWalData){
   aWalData[3] = pWal->nCkpt;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Move the write position of the WAL back to the point identified by
 ** the values in the aWalData[] array. aWalData must point to an array
 ** of WAL_SAVEPOINT_NDATA u32 values that has been previously populated
@@ -61025,11 +63053,7 @@ static int walWriteOneFrame(
   int rc;                         /* Result code from subfunctions */
   void *pData;                    /* Data actually written */
   u8 aFrame[WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE];   /* Buffer to assemble frame-header in */
-#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC)
-  if( (pData = sqlite3PagerCodec(pPage))==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-#else
   pData = pPage->pData;
-#endif
   walEncodeFrame(p->pWal, pPage->pgno, nTruncate, pData, aFrame);
   rc = walWriteToLog(p, aFrame, sizeof(aFrame), iOffset);
   if( rc ) return rc;
@@ -61091,7 +63115,7 @@ static int walRewriteChecksums(Wal *pWal, u32 iLast){
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Write a set of frames to the log. The caller must hold the write-lock
 ** on the log file (obtained using sqlite3WalBeginWriteTransaction()).
 */
@@ -61158,7 +63182,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalFrames(
     walChecksumBytes(1, aWalHdr, WAL_HDRSIZE-2*4, 0, aCksum);
     sqlite3Put4byte(&aWalHdr[24], aCksum[0]);
     sqlite3Put4byte(&aWalHdr[28], aCksum[1]);
-    
+
     pWal->szPage = szPage;
     pWal->hdr.bigEndCksum = SQLITE_BIGENDIAN;
     pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0] = aCksum[0];
@@ -61200,7 +63224,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalFrames(
 
     /* Check if this page has already been written into the wal file by
     ** the current transaction. If so, overwrite the existing frame and
-    ** set Wal.writeLock to WAL_WRITELOCK_RECKSUM - indicating that 
+    ** set Wal.writeLock to WAL_WRITELOCK_RECKSUM - indicating that
     ** checksums must be recomputed when the transaction is committed.  */
     if( iFirst && (p->pDirty || isCommit==0) ){
       u32 iWrite = 0;
@@ -61212,11 +63236,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalFrames(
         if( pWal->iReCksum==0 || iWrite<pWal->iReCksum ){
           pWal->iReCksum = iWrite;
         }
-#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC)
-        if( (pData = sqlite3PagerCodec(p))==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-#else
         pData = p->pData;
-#endif
         rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pWal->pWalFd, pData, szPage, iOff);
         if( rc ) return rc;
         p->flags &= ~PGHDR_WAL_APPEND;
@@ -61266,6 +63286,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalFrames(
         if( rc ) return rc;
         iOffset += szFrame;
         nExtra++;
+        assert( pLast!=0 );
       }
     }
     if( bSync ){
@@ -61287,7 +63308,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalFrames(
     pWal->truncateOnCommit = 0;
   }
 
-  /* Append data to the wal-index. It is not necessary to lock the 
+  /* Append data to the wal-index. It is not necessary to lock the
   ** wal-index to do this as the SQLITE_SHM_WRITE lock held on the wal-index
   ** guarantees that there are no other writers, and no data that may
   ** be in use by existing readers is being overwritten.
@@ -61298,6 +63319,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalFrames(
     iFrame++;
     rc = walIndexAppend(pWal, iFrame, p->pgno);
   }
+  assert( pLast!=0 || nExtra==0 );
   while( rc==SQLITE_OK && nExtra>0 ){
     iFrame++;
     nExtra--;
@@ -61325,7 +63347,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalFrames(
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** This routine is called to implement sqlite3_wal_checkpoint() and
 ** related interfaces.
 **
@@ -61362,45 +63384,52 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalCheckpoint(
   if( pWal->readOnly ) return SQLITE_READONLY;
   WALTRACE(("WAL%p: checkpoint begins\n", pWal));
 
-  /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-62028-47212 All calls obtain an exclusive 
-  ** "checkpoint" lock on the database file. */
-  rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_CKPT_LOCK, 1);
-  if( rc ){
-    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-10421-19736 If any other process is running a
-    ** checkpoint operation at the same time, the lock cannot be obtained and
-    ** SQLITE_BUSY is returned.
-    ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-53820-33897 Even if there is a busy-handler configured,
-    ** it will not be invoked in this case.
-    */
-    testcase( rc==SQLITE_BUSY );
-    testcase( xBusy!=0 );
-    return rc;
-  }
-  pWal->ckptLock = 1;
+  /* Enable blocking locks, if possible. If blocking locks are successfully
+  ** enabled, set xBusy2=0 so that the busy-handler is never invoked. */
+  sqlite3WalDb(pWal, db);
+  (void)walEnableBlocking(pWal);
 
-  /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-59782-36818 The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and
-  ** TRUNCATE modes also obtain the exclusive "writer" lock on the database
-  ** file.
-  **
-  ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-60642-04082 If the writer lock cannot be obtained
-  ** immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and the
-  ** writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the
-  ** lock is successfully obtained.
+  /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-62028-47212 All calls obtain an exclusive
+  ** "checkpoint" lock on the database file.
+  ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-10421-19736 If any other process is running a
+  ** checkpoint operation at the same time, the lock cannot be obtained and
+  ** SQLITE_BUSY is returned.
+  ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-53820-33897 Even if there is a busy-handler configured,
+  ** it will not be invoked in this case.
   */
-  if( eMode!=SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE ){
-    rc = walBusyLock(pWal, xBusy, pBusyArg, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      pWal->writeLock = 1;
-    }else if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
-      eMode2 = SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE;
-      xBusy2 = 0;
-      rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_CKPT_LOCK, 1);
+  testcase( rc==SQLITE_BUSY );
+  testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK && xBusy2!=0 );
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pWal->ckptLock = 1;
+
+    /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-59782-36818 The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and
+    ** TRUNCATE modes also obtain the exclusive "writer" lock on the database
+    ** file.
+    **
+    ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-60642-04082 If the writer lock cannot be obtained
+    ** immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and the
+    ** writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the
+    ** lock is successfully obtained.
+    */
+    if( eMode!=SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE ){
+      rc = walBusyLock(pWal, xBusy2, pBusyArg, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        pWal->writeLock = 1;
+      }else if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
+        eMode2 = SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE;
+        xBusy2 = 0;
+        rc = SQLITE_OK;
+      }
     }
   }
 
+
   /* Read the wal-index header. */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    walDisableBlocking(pWal);
     rc = walIndexReadHdr(pWal, &isChanged);
+    (void)walEnableBlocking(pWal);
     if( isChanged && pWal->pDbFd->pMethods->iVersion>=3 ){
       sqlite3OsUnfetch(pWal->pDbFd, 0, 0);
     }
@@ -61423,7 +63452,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalCheckpoint(
   }
 
   if( isChanged ){
-    /* If a new wal-index header was loaded before the checkpoint was 
+    /* If a new wal-index header was loaded before the checkpoint was
     ** performed, then the pager-cache associated with pWal is now
     ** out of date. So zero the cached wal-index header to ensure that
     ** next time the pager opens a snapshot on this database it knows that
@@ -61432,11 +63461,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalCheckpoint(
     memset(&pWal->hdr, 0, sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
   }
 
+  walDisableBlocking(pWal);
+  sqlite3WalDb(pWal, 0);
+
   /* Release the locks. */
   sqlite3WalEndWriteTransaction(pWal);
-  walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_CKPT_LOCK, 1);
-  pWal->ckptLock = 0;
+  if( pWal->ckptLock ){
+    walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_CKPT_LOCK, 1);
+    pWal->ckptLock = 0;
+  }
   WALTRACE(("WAL%p: checkpoint %s\n", pWal, rc ? "failed" : "ok"));
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+  if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT ) rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
+#endif
   return (rc==SQLITE_OK && eMode!=eMode2 ? SQLITE_BUSY : rc);
 }
 
@@ -61466,7 +63503,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalCallback(Wal *pWal){
 ** operation must occur while the pager is still holding the exclusive
 ** lock on the main database file.
 **
-** If op is one, then change from locking_mode=NORMAL into 
+** If op is one, then change from locking_mode=NORMAL into
 ** locking_mode=EXCLUSIVE.  This means that the pWal->readLock must
 ** be released.  Return 1 if the transition is made and 0 if the
 ** WAL is already in exclusive-locking mode - meaning that this
@@ -61483,8 +63520,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalExclusiveMode(Wal *pWal, int op){
   assert( pWal->writeLock==0 );
   assert( pWal->exclusiveMode!=WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE || op==-1 );
 
-  /* pWal->readLock is usually set, but might be -1 if there was a 
-  ** prior error while attempting to acquire are read-lock. This cannot 
+  /* pWal->readLock is usually set, but might be -1 if there was a
+  ** prior error while attempting to acquire are read-lock. This cannot
   ** happen if the connection is actually in exclusive mode (as no xShmLock
   ** locks are taken in this case). Nor should the pager attempt to
   ** upgrade to exclusive-mode following such an error.
@@ -61515,10 +63552,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalExclusiveMode(Wal *pWal, int op){
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Return true if the argument is non-NULL and the WAL module is using
 ** heap-memory for the wal-index. Otherwise, if the argument is NULL or the
-** WAL module is using shared-memory, return false. 
+** WAL module is using shared-memory, return false.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalHeapMemory(Wal *pWal){
   return (pWal && pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE );
@@ -61553,11 +63590,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalSnapshotGet(Wal *pWal, sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapsho
 
 /* Try to open on pSnapshot when the next read-transaction starts
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WalSnapshotOpen(Wal *pWal, sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WalSnapshotOpen(
+  Wal *pWal,
+  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
+){
   pWal->pSnapshot = (WalIndexHdr*)pSnapshot;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Return a +ve value if snapshot p1 is newer than p2. A -ve value if
 ** p1 is older than p2 and zero if p1 and p2 are the same snapshot.
 */
@@ -61577,7 +63617,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(sqlite3_snapshot *p1, sqlite3_snapshot *p2){
 /*
 ** The caller currently has a read transaction open on the database.
 ** This function takes a SHARED lock on the CHECKPOINTER slot and then
-** checks if the snapshot passed as the second argument is still 
+** checks if the snapshot passed as the second argument is still
 ** available. If so, SQLITE_OK is returned.
 **
 ** If the snapshot is not available, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. Or, if
@@ -61684,16 +63724,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3WalFile(Wal *pWal){
 ** on Ptr(N) and its subpages have values greater than Key(N-1).  And
 ** so forth.
 **
-** Finding a particular key requires reading O(log(M)) pages from the 
+** Finding a particular key requires reading O(log(M)) pages from the
 ** disk where M is the number of entries in the tree.
 **
-** In this implementation, a single file can hold one or more separate 
+** In this implementation, a single file can hold one or more separate
 ** BTrees.  Each BTree is identified by the index of its root page.  The
 ** key and data for any entry are combined to form the "payload".  A
 ** fixed amount of payload can be carried directly on the database
 ** page.  If the payload is larger than the preset amount then surplus
 ** bytes are stored on overflow pages.  The payload for an entry
-** and the preceding pointer are combined to form a "Cell".  Each 
+** and the preceding pointer are combined to form a "Cell".  Each
 ** page has a small header which contains the Ptr(N) pointer and other
 ** information such as the size of key and data.
 **
@@ -61823,7 +63863,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3WalFile(Wal *pWal){
 ** contiguous or in order, but cell pointers are contiguous and in order.
 **
 ** Cell content makes use of variable length integers.  A variable
-** length integer is 1 to 9 bytes where the lower 7 bits of each 
+** length integer is 1 to 9 bytes where the lower 7 bits of each
 ** byte are used.  The integer consists of all bytes that have bit 8 set and
 ** the first byte with bit 8 clear.  The most significant byte of the integer
 ** appears first.  A variable-length integer may not be more than 9 bytes long.
@@ -61896,7 +63936,7 @@ typedef struct CellInfo CellInfo;
 ** -DSQLITE_FILE_HEADER="..." on the compiler command-line.  The
 ** header must be exactly 16 bytes including the zero-terminator so
 ** the string itself should be 15 characters long.  If you change
-** the header, then your custom library will not be able to read 
+** the header, then your custom library will not be able to read
 ** databases generated by the standard tools and the standard tools
 ** will not be able to read databases created by your custom library.
 */
@@ -61941,7 +63981,7 @@ struct MemPage {
   u16 maxLocal;        /* Copy of BtShared.maxLocal or BtShared.maxLeaf */
   u16 minLocal;        /* Copy of BtShared.minLocal or BtShared.minLeaf */
   u16 cellOffset;      /* Index in aData of first cell pointer */
-  u16 nFree;           /* Number of free bytes on the page */
+  int nFree;           /* Number of free bytes on the page. -1 for unknown */
   u16 nCell;           /* Number of cells on this page, local and ovfl */
   u16 maskPage;        /* Mask for page offset */
   u16 aiOvfl[4];       /* Insert the i-th overflow cell before the aiOvfl-th
@@ -61959,7 +63999,7 @@ struct MemPage {
 
 /*
 ** A linked list of the following structures is stored at BtShared.pLock.
-** Locks are added (or upgraded from READ_LOCK to WRITE_LOCK) when a cursor 
+** Locks are added (or upgraded from READ_LOCK to WRITE_LOCK) when a cursor
 ** is opened on the table with root page BtShared.iTable. Locks are removed
 ** from this list when a transaction is committed or rolled back, or when
 ** a btree handle is closed.
@@ -61983,7 +64023,7 @@ struct BtLock {
 ** see the internals of this structure and only deals with pointers to
 ** this structure.
 **
-** For some database files, the same underlying database cache might be 
+** For some database files, the same underlying database cache might be
 ** shared between multiple connections.  In that case, each connection
 ** has it own instance of this object.  But each instance of this object
 ** points to the same BtShared object.  The database cache and the
@@ -61991,7 +64031,7 @@ struct BtLock {
 ** the BtShared object.
 **
 ** All fields in this structure are accessed under sqlite3.mutex.
-** The pBt pointer itself may not be changed while there exists cursors 
+** The pBt pointer itself may not be changed while there exists cursors
 ** in the referenced BtShared that point back to this Btree since those
 ** cursors have to go through this Btree to find their BtShared and
 ** they often do so without holding sqlite3.mutex.
@@ -62008,6 +64048,9 @@ struct Btree {
   u32 iDataVersion;  /* Combines with pBt->pPager->iDataVersion */
   Btree *pNext;      /* List of other sharable Btrees from the same db */
   Btree *pPrev;      /* Back pointer of the same list */
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  u64 nSeek;         /* Calls to sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked() */
+#endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
   BtLock lock;       /* Object used to lock page 1 */
 #endif
@@ -62019,14 +64062,28 @@ struct Btree {
 ** If the shared-data extension is enabled, there may be multiple users
 ** of the Btree structure. At most one of these may open a write transaction,
 ** but any number may have active read transactions.
+**
+** These values must match SQLITE_TXN_NONE, SQLITE_TXN_READ, and
+** SQLITE_TXN_WRITE
 */
 #define TRANS_NONE  0
 #define TRANS_READ  1
 #define TRANS_WRITE 2
 
+#if TRANS_NONE!=SQLITE_TXN_NONE
+# error wrong numeric code for no-transaction
+#endif
+#if TRANS_READ!=SQLITE_TXN_READ
+# error wrong numeric code for read-transaction
+#endif
+#if TRANS_WRITE!=SQLITE_TXN_WRITE
+# error wrong numeric code for write-transaction
+#endif
+
+
 /*
 ** An instance of this object represents a single database file.
-** 
+**
 ** A single database file can be in use at the same time by two
 ** or more database connections.  When two or more connections are
 ** sharing the same database file, each connection has it own
@@ -62036,7 +64093,7 @@ struct Btree {
 **
 ** Fields in this structure are accessed under the BtShared.mutex
 ** mutex, except for nRef and pNext which are accessed under the
-** global SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER mutex.  The pPager field
+** global SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN mutex.  The pPager field
 ** may not be modified once it is initially set as long as nRef>0.
 ** The pSchema field may be set once under BtShared.mutex and
 ** thereafter is unchanged as long as nRef>0.
@@ -62072,9 +64129,7 @@ struct BtShared {
 #endif
   u8 inTransaction;     /* Transaction state */
   u8 max1bytePayload;   /* Maximum first byte of cell for a 1-byte payload */
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  u8 optimalReserve;    /* Desired amount of reserved space per page */
-#endif
+  u8 nReserveWanted;    /* Desired number of extra bytes per page */
   u16 btsFlags;         /* Boolean parameters.  See BTS_* macros below */
   u16 maxLocal;         /* Maximum local payload in non-LEAFDATA tables */
   u16 minLocal;         /* Minimum local payload in non-LEAFDATA tables */
@@ -62146,12 +64201,19 @@ struct CellInfo {
 ** particular database connection identified BtCursor.pBtree.db.
 **
 ** Fields in this structure are accessed under the BtShared.mutex
-** found at self->pBt->mutex. 
+** found at self->pBt->mutex.
 **
 ** skipNext meaning:
-**    eState==SKIPNEXT && skipNext>0:  Next sqlite3BtreeNext() is no-op.
-**    eState==SKIPNEXT && skipNext<0:  Next sqlite3BtreePrevious() is no-op.
-**    eState==FAULT:                   Cursor fault with skipNext as error code.
+** The meaning of skipNext depends on the value of eState:
+**
+**   eState            Meaning of skipNext
+**   VALID             skipNext is meaningless and is ignored
+**   INVALID           skipNext is meaningless and is ignored
+**   SKIPNEXT          sqlite3BtreeNext() is a no-op if skipNext>0 and
+**                     sqlite3BtreePrevious() is no-op if skipNext<0.
+**   REQUIRESEEK       restoreCursorPosition() restores the cursor to
+**                     eState=SKIPNEXT if skipNext!=0
+**   FAULT             skipNext holds the cursor fault error code.
 */
 struct BtCursor {
   u8 eState;                /* One of the CURSOR_XXX constants (see below) */
@@ -62190,12 +64252,13 @@ struct BtCursor {
 #define BTCF_AtLast       0x08   /* Cursor is pointing ot the last entry */
 #define BTCF_Incrblob     0x10   /* True if an incremental I/O handle */
 #define BTCF_Multiple     0x20   /* Maybe another cursor on the same btree */
+#define BTCF_Pinned       0x40   /* Cursor is busy and cannot be moved */
 
 /*
 ** Potential values for BtCursor.eState.
 **
 ** CURSOR_INVALID:
-**   Cursor does not point to a valid entry. This can happen (for example) 
+**   Cursor does not point to a valid entry. This can happen (for example)
 **   because the table is empty or because BtreeCursorFirst() has not been
 **   called.
 **
@@ -62208,9 +64271,9 @@ struct BtCursor {
 **   operation should be a no-op.
 **
 ** CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK:
-**   The table that this cursor was opened on still exists, but has been 
+**   The table that this cursor was opened on still exists, but has been
 **   modified since the cursor was last used. The cursor position is saved
-**   in variables BtCursor.pKey and BtCursor.nKey. When a cursor is in 
+**   in variables BtCursor.pKey and BtCursor.nKey. When a cursor is in
 **   this state, restoreCursorPosition() can be called to attempt to
 **   seek the cursor to the saved position.
 **
@@ -62227,13 +64290,13 @@ struct BtCursor {
 #define CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK       3
 #define CURSOR_FAULT             4
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** The database page the PENDING_BYTE occupies. This page is never used.
 */
 # define PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pBt)
 
 /*
-** These macros define the location of the pointer-map entry for a 
+** These macros define the location of the pointer-map entry for a
 ** database page. The first argument to each is the number of usable
 ** bytes on each page of the database (often 1024). The second is the
 ** page number to look up in the pointer map.
@@ -62268,10 +64331,10 @@ struct BtCursor {
 ** PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE: The database page is a root-page. The page-number is not
 **                  used in this case.
 **
-** PTRMAP_FREEPAGE: The database page is an unused (free) page. The page-number 
+** PTRMAP_FREEPAGE: The database page is an unused (free) page. The page-number
 **                  is not used in this case.
 **
-** PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1: The database page is the first page in a list of 
+** PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1: The database page is the first page in a list of
 **                   overflow pages. The page number identifies the page that
 **                   contains the cell with a pointer to this overflow page.
 **
@@ -62293,13 +64356,13 @@ struct BtCursor {
 */
 #define btreeIntegrity(p) \
   assert( p->pBt->inTransaction!=TRANS_NONE || p->pBt->nTransaction==0 ); \
-  assert( p->pBt->inTransaction>=p->inTrans ); 
+  assert( p->pBt->inTransaction>=p->inTrans );
 
 
 /*
 ** The ISAUTOVACUUM macro is used within balance_nonroot() to determine
 ** if the database supports auto-vacuum or not. Because it is used
-** within an expression that is an argument to another macro 
+** within an expression that is an argument to another macro
 ** (sqliteMallocRaw), it is not possible to use conditional compilation.
 ** So, this macro is defined instead.
 */
@@ -62316,8 +64379,8 @@ struct BtCursor {
 **
 ** The aRef[] array is allocated so that there is 1 bit for each page in
 ** the database. As the integrity-check proceeds, for each page used in
-** the database the corresponding bit is set. This allows integrity-check to 
-** detect pages that are used twice and orphaned pages (both of which 
+** the database the corresponding bit is set. This allows integrity-check to
+** detect pages that are used twice and orphaned pages (both of which
 ** indicate corruption).
 */
 typedef struct IntegrityCk IntegrityCk;
@@ -62328,11 +64391,13 @@ struct IntegrityCk {
   Pgno nPage;       /* Number of pages in the database */
   int mxErr;        /* Stop accumulating errors when this reaches zero */
   int nErr;         /* Number of messages written to zErrMsg so far */
-  int mallocFailed; /* A memory allocation error has occurred */
+  int bOomFault;    /* A memory allocation error has occurred */
   const char *zPfx; /* Error message prefix */
-  int v1, v2;       /* Values for up to two %d fields in zPfx */
+  Pgno v1;          /* Value for first %u substitution in zPfx */
+  int v2;           /* Value for second %d substitution in zPfx */
   StrAccum errMsg;  /* Accumulate the error message text here */
   u32 *heap;        /* Min-heap used for analyzing cell coverage */
+  sqlite3 *db;      /* Database connection running the check */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -62633,10 +64698,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(sqlite3 *db){
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
 /*
-** Enter a mutex on a Btree given a cursor owned by that Btree. 
+** Enter a mutex on a Btree given a cursor owned by that Btree.
 **
-** These entry points are used by incremental I/O only. Enter() is required 
-** any time OMIT_SHARED_CACHE is not defined, regardless of whether or not 
+** These entry points are used by incremental I/O only. Enter() is required
+** any time OMIT_SHARED_CACHE is not defined, regardless of whether or not
 ** the build is threadsafe. Leave() is only required by threadsafe builds.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeEnterCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
@@ -62706,7 +64771,7 @@ int sqlite3BtreeTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 #define BTALLOC_LE    2           /* Allocate any page <= the parameter */
 
 /*
-** Macro IfNotOmitAV(x) returns (x) if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM is not 
+** Macro IfNotOmitAV(x) returns (x) if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM is not
 ** defined, or 0 if it is. For example:
 **
 **   bIncrVacuum = IfNotOmitAV(pBtShared->incrVacuum);
@@ -62721,10 +64786,10 @@ int sqlite3BtreeTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 /*
 ** A list of BtShared objects that are eligible for participation
 ** in shared cache.  This variable has file scope during normal builds,
-** but the test harness needs to access it so we make it global for 
+** but the test harness needs to access it so we make it global for
 ** test builds.
 **
-** Access to this variable is protected by SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER.
+** Access to this variable is protected by SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
 SQLITE_PRIVATE BtShared *SQLITE_WSD sqlite3SharedCacheList = 0;
@@ -62756,7 +64821,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int enable){
   ** manipulate entries in the BtShared.pLock linked list used to store
   ** shared-cache table level locks. If the library is compiled with the
   ** shared-cache feature disabled, then there is only ever one user
-  ** of each BtShared structure and so this locking is not necessary. 
+  ** of each BtShared structure and so this locking is not necessary.
   ** So define the lock related functions as no-ops.
   */
   #define querySharedCacheTableLock(a,b,c) SQLITE_OK
@@ -62767,6 +64832,17 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int enable){
   #define hasReadConflicts(a, b) 0
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+/*
+** Return and reset the seek counter for a Btree object.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3BtreeSeekCount(Btree *pBt){
+  u64 n =  pBt->nSeek;
+  pBt->nSeek = 0;
+  return n;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Implementation of the SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE() macro. Takes a single
 ** (MemPage*) as an argument. The (MemPage*) must not be NULL.
@@ -62801,15 +64877,15 @@ int corruptPageError(int lineno, MemPage *p){
 /*
 **** This function is only used as part of an assert() statement. ***
 **
-** Check to see if pBtree holds the required locks to read or write to the 
+** Check to see if pBtree holds the required locks to read or write to the
 ** table with root page iRoot.   Return 1 if it does and 0 if not.
 **
-** For example, when writing to a table with root-page iRoot via 
+** For example, when writing to a table with root-page iRoot via
 ** Btree connection pBtree:
 **
 **    assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(pBtree, iRoot, 0, WRITE_LOCK) );
 **
-** When writing to an index that resides in a sharable database, the 
+** When writing to an index that resides in a sharable database, the
 ** caller should have first obtained a lock specifying the root page of
 ** the corresponding table. This makes things a bit more complicated,
 ** as this module treats each table as a separate structure. To determine
@@ -62831,7 +64907,7 @@ static int hasSharedCacheTableLock(
   BtLock *pLock;
 
   /* If this database is not shareable, or if the client is reading
-  ** and has the read-uncommitted flag set, then no lock is required. 
+  ** and has the read-uncommitted flag set, then no lock is required.
   ** Return true immediately.
   */
   if( (pBtree->sharable==0)
@@ -62855,29 +64931,31 @@ static int hasSharedCacheTableLock(
   ** table.  */
   if( isIndex ){
     HashElem *p;
+    int bSeen = 0;
     for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&pSchema->idxHash); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
       Index *pIdx = (Index *)sqliteHashData(p);
       if( pIdx->tnum==(int)iRoot ){
-        if( iTab ){
+        if( bSeen ){
           /* Two or more indexes share the same root page.  There must
           ** be imposter tables.  So just return true.  The assert is not
           ** useful in that case. */
           return 1;
         }
         iTab = pIdx->pTable->tnum;
+        bSeen = 1;
       }
     }
   }else{
     iTab = iRoot;
   }
 
-  /* Search for the required lock. Either a write-lock on root-page iTab, a 
+  /* Search for the required lock. Either a write-lock on root-page iTab, a
   ** write-lock on the schema table, or (if the client is reading) a
   ** read-lock on iTab will suffice. Return 1 if any of these are found.  */
   for(pLock=pBtree->pBt->pLock; pLock; pLock=pLock->pNext){
-    if( pLock->pBtree==pBtree 
+    if( pLock->pBtree==pBtree
      && (pLock->iTable==iTab || (pLock->eLock==WRITE_LOCK && pLock->iTable==1))
-     && pLock->eLock>=eLockType 
+     && pLock->eLock>=eLockType
     ){
       return 1;
     }
@@ -62910,7 +64988,7 @@ static int hasSharedCacheTableLock(
 static int hasReadConflicts(Btree *pBtree, Pgno iRoot){
   BtCursor *p;
   for(p=pBtree->pBt->pCursor; p; p=p->pNext){
-    if( p->pgnoRoot==iRoot 
+    if( p->pgnoRoot==iRoot
      && p->pBtree!=pBtree
      && 0==(p->pBtree->db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommit)
     ){
@@ -62922,7 +65000,7 @@ static int hasReadConflicts(Btree *pBtree, Pgno iRoot){
 #endif    /* #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG */
 
 /*
-** Query to see if Btree handle p may obtain a lock of type eLock 
+** Query to see if Btree handle p may obtain a lock of type eLock
 ** (READ_LOCK or WRITE_LOCK) on the table with root-page iTab. Return
 ** SQLITE_OK if the lock may be obtained (by calling
 ** setSharedCacheTableLock()), or SQLITE_LOCKED if not.
@@ -62935,14 +65013,14 @@ static int querySharedCacheTableLock(Btree *p, Pgno iTab, u8 eLock){
   assert( eLock==READ_LOCK || eLock==WRITE_LOCK );
   assert( p->db!=0 );
   assert( !(p->db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommit)||eLock==WRITE_LOCK||iTab==1 );
-  
+
   /* If requesting a write-lock, then the Btree must have an open write
-  ** transaction on this file. And, obviously, for this to be so there 
+  ** transaction on this file. And, obviously, for this to be so there
   ** must be an open write transaction on the file itself.
   */
   assert( eLock==READ_LOCK || (p==pBt->pWriter && p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE) );
   assert( eLock==READ_LOCK || pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE );
-  
+
   /* This routine is a no-op if the shared-cache is not enabled */
   if( !p->sharable ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -62957,7 +65035,7 @@ static int querySharedCacheTableLock(Btree *p, Pgno iTab, u8 eLock){
   }
 
   for(pIter=pBt->pLock; pIter; pIter=pIter->pNext){
-    /* The condition (pIter->eLock!=eLock) in the following if(...) 
+    /* The condition (pIter->eLock!=eLock) in the following if(...)
     ** statement is a simplification of:
     **
     **   (eLock==WRITE_LOCK || pIter->eLock==WRITE_LOCK)
@@ -62984,7 +65062,7 @@ static int querySharedCacheTableLock(Btree *p, Pgno iTab, u8 eLock){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
 /*
 ** Add a lock on the table with root-page iTable to the shared-btree used
-** by Btree handle p. Parameter eLock must be either READ_LOCK or 
+** by Btree handle p. Parameter eLock must be either READ_LOCK or
 ** WRITE_LOCK.
 **
 ** This function assumes the following:
@@ -62996,7 +65074,7 @@ static int querySharedCacheTableLock(Btree *p, Pgno iTab, u8 eLock){
 **       with the requested lock (i.e. querySharedCacheTableLock() has
 **       already been called and returned SQLITE_OK).
 **
-** SQLITE_OK is returned if the lock is added successfully. SQLITE_NOMEM 
+** SQLITE_OK is returned if the lock is added successfully. SQLITE_NOMEM
 ** is returned if a malloc attempt fails.
 */
 static int setSharedCacheTableLock(Btree *p, Pgno iTable, u8 eLock){
@@ -63010,11 +65088,11 @@ static int setSharedCacheTableLock(Btree *p, Pgno iTable, u8 eLock){
 
   /* A connection with the read-uncommitted flag set will never try to
   ** obtain a read-lock using this function. The only read-lock obtained
-  ** by a connection in read-uncommitted mode is on the sqlite_master 
+  ** by a connection in read-uncommitted mode is on the sqlite_schema
   ** table, and that lock is obtained in BtreeBeginTrans().  */
   assert( 0==(p->db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommit) || eLock==WRITE_LOCK );
 
-  /* This function should only be called on a sharable b-tree after it 
+  /* This function should only be called on a sharable b-tree after it
   ** has been determined that no other b-tree holds a conflicting lock.  */
   assert( p->sharable );
   assert( SQLITE_OK==querySharedCacheTableLock(p, iTable, eLock) );
@@ -63059,7 +65137,7 @@ static int setSharedCacheTableLock(Btree *p, Pgno iTable, u8 eLock){
 ** Release all the table locks (locks obtained via calls to
 ** the setSharedCacheTableLock() procedure) held by Btree object p.
 **
-** This function assumes that Btree p has an open read or write 
+** This function assumes that Btree p has an open read or write
 ** transaction. If it does not, then the BTS_PENDING flag
 ** may be incorrectly cleared.
 */
@@ -63091,7 +65169,7 @@ static void clearAllSharedCacheTableLocks(Btree *p){
     pBt->pWriter = 0;
     pBt->btsFlags &= ~(BTS_EXCLUSIVE|BTS_PENDING);
   }else if( pBt->nTransaction==2 ){
-    /* This function is called when Btree p is concluding its 
+    /* This function is called when Btree p is concluding its
     ** transaction. If there currently exists a writer, and p is not
     ** that writer, then the number of locks held by connections other
     ** than the writer must be about to drop to zero. In this case
@@ -63137,7 +65215,7 @@ static int cursorHoldsMutex(BtCursor *p){
 }
 
 /* Verify that the cursor and the BtShared agree about what is the current
-** database connetion. This is important in shared-cache mode. If the database 
+** database connetion. This is important in shared-cache mode. If the database
 ** connection pointers get out-of-sync, it is possible for routines like
 ** btreeInitPage() to reference an stale connection pointer that references a
 ** a connection that has already closed.  This routine is used inside assert()
@@ -63208,8 +65286,8 @@ static void invalidateIncrblobCursors(
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB */
 
 /*
-** Set bit pgno of the BtShared.pHasContent bitvec. This is called 
-** when a page that previously contained data becomes a free-list leaf 
+** Set bit pgno of the BtShared.pHasContent bitvec. This is called
+** when a page that previously contained data becomes a free-list leaf
 ** page.
 **
 ** The BtShared.pHasContent bitvec exists to work around an obscure
@@ -63235,7 +65313,7 @@ static void invalidateIncrblobCursors(
 ** may be lost. In the event of a rollback, it may not be possible
 ** to restore the database to its original configuration.
 **
-** The solution is the BtShared.pHasContent bitvec. Whenever a page is 
+** The solution is the BtShared.pHasContent bitvec. Whenever a page is
 ** moved to become a free-list leaf page, the corresponding bit is
 ** set in the bitvec. Whenever a leaf page is extracted from the free-list,
 ** optimization 2 above is omitted if the corresponding bit is already
@@ -63266,7 +65344,7 @@ static int btreeSetHasContent(BtShared *pBt, Pgno pgno){
 */
 static int btreeGetHasContent(BtShared *pBt, Pgno pgno){
   Bitvec *p = pBt->pHasContent;
-  return (p && (pgno>sqlite3BitvecSize(p) || sqlite3BitvecTest(p, pgno)));
+  return p && (pgno>sqlite3BitvecSize(p) || sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(p, pgno));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -63296,13 +65374,13 @@ static void btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(BtCursor *pCur){
 ** The cursor passed as the only argument must point to a valid entry
 ** when this function is called (i.e. have eState==CURSOR_VALID). This
 ** function saves the current cursor key in variables pCur->nKey and
-** pCur->pKey. SQLITE_OK is returned if successful or an SQLite error 
+** pCur->pKey. SQLITE_OK is returned if successful or an SQLite error
 ** code otherwise.
 **
 ** If the cursor is open on an intkey table, then the integer key
 ** (the rowid) is stored in pCur->nKey and pCur->pKey is left set to
-** NULL. If the cursor is open on a non-intkey table, then pCur->pKey is 
-** set to point to a malloced buffer pCur->nKey bytes in size containing 
+** NULL. If the cursor is open on a non-intkey table, then pCur->pKey is
+** set to point to a malloced buffer pCur->nKey bytes in size containing
 ** the key.
 */
 static int saveCursorKey(BtCursor *pCur){
@@ -63315,13 +65393,19 @@ static int saveCursorKey(BtCursor *pCur){
     /* Only the rowid is required for a table btree */
     pCur->nKey = sqlite3BtreeIntegerKey(pCur);
   }else{
-    /* For an index btree, save the complete key content */
+    /* For an index btree, save the complete key content. It is possible
+    ** that the current key is corrupt. In that case, it is possible that
+    ** the sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack() function may overread the buffer by
+    ** up to the size of 1 varint plus 1 8-byte value when the cursor
+    ** position is restored. Hence the 17 bytes of padding allocated
+    ** below. */
     void *pKey;
     pCur->nKey = sqlite3BtreePayloadSize(pCur);
-    pKey = sqlite3Malloc( pCur->nKey );
+    pKey = sqlite3Malloc( pCur->nKey + 9 + 8 );
     if( pKey ){
       rc = sqlite3BtreePayload(pCur, 0, (int)pCur->nKey, pKey);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        memset(((u8*)pKey)+pCur->nKey, 0, 9+8);
         pCur->pKey = pKey;
       }else{
         sqlite3_free(pKey);
@@ -63335,11 +65419,11 @@ static int saveCursorKey(BtCursor *pCur){
 }
 
 /*
-** Save the current cursor position in the variables BtCursor.nKey 
+** Save the current cursor position in the variables BtCursor.nKey
 ** and BtCursor.pKey. The cursor's state is set to CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK.
 **
 ** The caller must ensure that the cursor is valid (has eState==CURSOR_VALID)
-** prior to calling this routine.  
+** prior to calling this routine.
 */
 static int saveCursorPosition(BtCursor *pCur){
   int rc;
@@ -63348,6 +65432,9 @@ static int saveCursorPosition(BtCursor *pCur){
   assert( 0==pCur->pKey );
   assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
 
+  if( pCur->curFlags & BTCF_Pinned ){
+    return SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED;
+  }
   if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_SKIPNEXT ){
     pCur->eState = CURSOR_VALID;
   }else{
@@ -63375,7 +65462,7 @@ static int SQLITE_NOINLINE saveCursorsOnList(BtCursor*,Pgno,BtCursor*);
 ** routine is called just before cursor pExcept is used to modify the
 ** table, for example in BtreeDelete() or BtreeInsert().
 **
-** If there are two or more cursors on the same btree, then all such 
+** If there are two or more cursors on the same btree, then all such
 ** cursors should have their BTCF_Multiple flag set.  The btreeCursor()
 ** routine enforces that rule.  This routine only needs to be called in
 ** the uncommon case when pExpect has the BTCF_Multiple flag set.
@@ -63453,11 +65540,12 @@ static int btreeMoveto(
   UnpackedRecord *pIdxKey;   /* Unpacked index key */
 
   if( pKey ){
+    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = pCur->pKeyInfo;
     assert( nKey==(i64)(int)nKey );
-    pIdxKey = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(pCur->pKeyInfo);
+    pIdxKey = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(pKeyInfo);
     if( pIdxKey==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-    sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(pCur->pKeyInfo, (int)nKey, pKey, pIdxKey);
-    if( pIdxKey->nField==0 ){
+    sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(pKeyInfo, (int)nKey, pKey, pIdxKey);
+    if( pIdxKey->nField==0 || pIdxKey->nField>pKeyInfo->nAllField ){
       rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
       goto moveto_done;
     }
@@ -63474,26 +65562,30 @@ moveto_done:
 
 /*
 ** Restore the cursor to the position it was in (or as close to as possible)
-** when saveCursorPosition() was called. Note that this call deletes the 
+** when saveCursorPosition() was called. Note that this call deletes the
 ** saved position info stored by saveCursorPosition(), so there can be
-** at most one effective restoreCursorPosition() call after each 
+** at most one effective restoreCursorPosition() call after each
 ** saveCursorPosition().
 */
 static int btreeRestoreCursorPosition(BtCursor *pCur){
   int rc;
-  int skipNext;
+  int skipNext = 0;
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
   assert( pCur->eState>=CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
   if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_FAULT ){
     return pCur->skipNext;
   }
   pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-  rc = btreeMoveto(pCur, pCur->pKey, pCur->nKey, 0, &skipNext);
+  if( sqlite3FaultSim(410) ){
+    rc = SQLITE_IOERR;
+  }else{
+    rc = btreeMoveto(pCur, pCur->pKey, pCur->nKey, 0, &skipNext);
+  }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     sqlite3_free(pCur->pKey);
     pCur->pKey = 0;
     assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID || pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID );
-    pCur->skipNext |= skipNext;
+    if( skipNext ) pCur->skipNext = skipNext;
     if( pCur->skipNext && pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID ){
       pCur->eState = CURSOR_SKIPNEXT;
     }
@@ -63540,7 +65632,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE BtCursor *sqlite3BtreeFakeValidCursor(void){
 /*
 ** This routine restores a cursor back to its original position after it
 ** has been moved by some outside activity (such as a btree rebalance or
-** a row having been deleted out from under the cursor).  
+** a row having been deleted out from under the cursor).
 **
 ** On success, the *pDifferentRow parameter is false if the cursor is left
 ** pointing at exactly the same row.  *pDifferntRow is the row the cursor
@@ -63563,7 +65655,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorRestore(BtCursor *pCur, int *pDifferentRow)
   if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ){
     *pDifferentRow = 1;
   }else{
-    assert( pCur->skipNext==0 );
     *pDifferentRow = 0;
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -63606,7 +65697,7 @@ static Pgno ptrmapPageno(BtShared *pBt, Pgno pgno){
   if( pgno<2 ) return 0;
   nPagesPerMapPage = (pBt->usableSize/5)+1;
   iPtrMap = (pgno-2)/nPagesPerMapPage;
-  ret = (iPtrMap*nPagesPerMapPage) + 2; 
+  ret = (iPtrMap*nPagesPerMapPage) + 2;
   if( ret==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) ){
     ret++;
   }
@@ -63633,7 +65724,7 @@ static void ptrmapPut(BtShared *pBt, Pgno key, u8 eType, Pgno parent, int *pRC){
   if( *pRC ) return;
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  /* The master-journal page number must never be used as a pointer map page */
+  /* The super-journal page number must never be used as a pointer map page */
   assert( 0==PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt)) );
 
   assert( pBt->autoVacuum );
@@ -63647,6 +65738,13 @@ static void ptrmapPut(BtShared *pBt, Pgno key, u8 eType, Pgno parent, int *pRC){
     *pRC = rc;
     return;
   }
+  if( ((char*)sqlite3PagerGetExtra(pDbPage))[0]!=0 ){
+    /* The first byte of the extra data is the MemPage.isInit byte.
+    ** If that byte is set, it means this page is also being used
+    ** as a btree page. */
+    *pRC = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    goto ptrmap_exit;
+  }
   offset = PTRMAP_PTROFFSET(iPtrmap, key);
   if( offset<0 ){
     *pRC = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
@@ -63709,7 +65807,7 @@ static int ptrmapGet(BtShared *pBt, Pgno key, u8 *pEType, Pgno *pPgno){
 #else /* if defined SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM */
   #define ptrmapPut(w,x,y,z,rc)
   #define ptrmapGet(w,x,y,z) SQLITE_OK
-  #define ptrmapPutOvflPtr(x, y, rc)
+  #define ptrmapPutOvflPtr(x, y, z, rc)
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -63945,7 +66043,7 @@ static u16 cellSizePtr(MemPage *pPage, u8 *pCell){
   }
   pIter++;
   if( pPage->intKey ){
-    /* pIter now points at the 64-bit integer key value, a variable length 
+    /* pIter now points at the 64-bit integer key value, a variable length
     ** integer. The following block moves pIter to point at the first byte
     ** past the end of the key value. */
     pEnd = &pIter[9];
@@ -64002,17 +66100,24 @@ static u16 cellSize(MemPage *pPage, int iCell){
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
 /*
-** If the cell pCell, part of page pPage contains a pointer
-** to an overflow page, insert an entry into the pointer-map
-** for the overflow page.
+** The cell pCell is currently part of page pSrc but will ultimately be part
+** of pPage.  (pSrc and pPager are often the same.)  If pCell contains a
+** pointer to an overflow page, insert an entry into the pointer-map for
+** the overflow page that will be valid after pCell has been moved to pPage.
 */
-static void ptrmapPutOvflPtr(MemPage *pPage, u8 *pCell, int *pRC){
+static void ptrmapPutOvflPtr(MemPage *pPage, MemPage *pSrc, u8 *pCell,int *pRC){
   CellInfo info;
   if( *pRC ) return;
   assert( pCell!=0 );
   pPage->xParseCell(pPage, pCell, &info);
   if( info.nLocal<info.nPayload ){
-    Pgno ovfl = get4byte(&pCell[info.nSize-4]);
+    Pgno ovfl;
+    if( SQLITE_WITHIN(pSrc->aDataEnd, pCell, pCell+info.nLocal) ){
+      testcase( pSrc!=pPage );
+      *pRC = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      return;
+    }
+    ovfl = get4byte(&pCell[info.nSize-4]);
     ptrmapPut(pPage->pBt, ovfl, PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1, pPage->pgno, pRC);
   }
 }
@@ -64056,30 +66161,21 @@ static int defragmentPage(MemPage *pPage, int nMaxFrag){
   hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
   cellOffset = pPage->cellOffset;
   nCell = pPage->nCell;
-  assert( nCell==get2byte(&data[hdr+3]) );
+  assert( nCell==get2byte(&data[hdr+3]) || CORRUPT_DB );
   iCellFirst = cellOffset + 2*nCell;
   usableSize = pPage->pBt->usableSize;
 
   /* This block handles pages with two or fewer free blocks and nMaxFrag
   ** or fewer fragmented bytes. In this case it is faster to move the
   ** two (or one) blocks of cells using memmove() and add the required
-  ** offsets to each pointer in the cell-pointer array than it is to 
+  ** offsets to each pointer in the cell-pointer array than it is to
   ** reconstruct the entire page.  */
   if( (int)data[hdr+7]<=nMaxFrag ){
     int iFree = get2byte(&data[hdr+1]);
+    if( iFree>usableSize-4 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     if( iFree ){
       int iFree2 = get2byte(&data[iFree]);
-
-      /* pageFindSlot() has already verified that free blocks are sorted
-      ** in order of offset within the page, and that no block extends
-      ** past the end of the page. Provided the two free slots do not 
-      ** overlap, this guarantees that the memmove() calls below will not
-      ** overwrite the usableSize byte buffer, even if the database page
-      ** is corrupt.  */
-      assert( iFree2==0 || iFree2>iFree );
-      assert( iFree+get2byte(&data[iFree+2]) <= usableSize );
-      assert( iFree2==0 || iFree2+get2byte(&data[iFree2+2]) <= usableSize );
-
+      if( iFree2>usableSize-4 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
       if( 0==iFree2 || (data[iFree2]==0 && data[iFree2+1]==0) ){
         u8 *pEnd = &data[cellOffset + nCell*2];
         u8 *pAddr;
@@ -64090,12 +66186,15 @@ static int defragmentPage(MemPage *pPage, int nMaxFrag){
           return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
         }
         if( iFree2 ){
-          assert( iFree+sz<=iFree2 ); /* Verified by pageFindSlot() */
+          if( iFree+sz>iFree2 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
           sz2 = get2byte(&data[iFree2+2]);
-          assert( iFree+sz+sz2+iFree2-(iFree+sz) <= usableSize );
+          if( iFree2+sz2 > usableSize ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
           memmove(&data[iFree+sz+sz2], &data[iFree+sz], iFree2-(iFree+sz));
           sz += sz2;
+        }else if( NEVER(iFree+sz>usableSize) ){
+          return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
         }
+
         cbrk = top+sz;
         assert( cbrk+(iFree-top) <= usableSize );
         memmove(&data[cbrk], &data[top], iFree-top);
@@ -64146,6 +66245,7 @@ static int defragmentPage(MemPage *pPage, int nMaxFrag){
   data[hdr+7] = 0;
 
  defragment_out:
+  assert( pPage->nFree>=0 );
   if( data[hdr+7]+cbrk-iCellFirst!=pPage->nFree ){
     return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
@@ -64173,16 +66273,16 @@ static int defragmentPage(MemPage *pPage, int nMaxFrag){
 ** causes the fragmentation count to exceed 60.
 */
 static u8 *pageFindSlot(MemPage *pPg, int nByte, int *pRc){
-  const int hdr = pPg->hdrOffset;
-  u8 * const aData = pPg->aData;
-  int iAddr = hdr + 1;
-  int pc = get2byte(&aData[iAddr]);
-  int x;
-  int usableSize = pPg->pBt->usableSize;
-  int size;            /* Size of the free slot */
+  const int hdr = pPg->hdrOffset;            /* Offset to page header */
+  u8 * const aData = pPg->aData;             /* Page data */
+  int iAddr = hdr + 1;                       /* Address of ptr to pc */
+  int pc = get2byte(&aData[iAddr]);          /* Address of a free slot */
+  int x;                                     /* Excess size of the slot */
+  int maxPC = pPg->pBt->usableSize - nByte;  /* Max address for a usable slot */
+  int size;                                  /* Size of the free slot */
 
   assert( pc>0 );
-  while( pc<=usableSize-4 ){
+  while( pc<=maxPC ){
     /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-22710-53328 The third and fourth bytes of each
     ** freeblock form a big-endian integer which is the size of the freeblock
     ** in bytes, including the 4-byte header. */
@@ -64190,10 +66290,7 @@ static u8 *pageFindSlot(MemPage *pPg, int nByte, int *pRc){
     if( (x = size - nByte)>=0 ){
       testcase( x==4 );
       testcase( x==3 );
-      if( size+pc > usableSize ){
-        *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPg);
-        return 0;
-      }else if( x<4 ){
+      if( x<4 ){
         /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-11498-58022 In a well-formed b-tree page, the total
         ** number of bytes in fragments may not exceed 60. */
         if( aData[hdr+7]>57 ) return 0;
@@ -64202,21 +66299,31 @@ static u8 *pageFindSlot(MemPage *pPg, int nByte, int *pRc){
         ** fragmented bytes within the page. */
         memcpy(&aData[iAddr], &aData[pc], 2);
         aData[hdr+7] += (u8)x;
+      }else if( x+pc > maxPC ){
+        /* This slot extends off the end of the usable part of the page */
+        *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPg);
+        return 0;
       }else{
         /* The slot remains on the free-list. Reduce its size to account
-         ** for the portion used by the new allocation. */
+        ** for the portion used by the new allocation. */
         put2byte(&aData[pc+2], x);
       }
       return &aData[pc + x];
     }
     iAddr = pc;
     pc = get2byte(&aData[pc]);
-    if( pc<iAddr+size ) break;
+    if( pc<=iAddr+size ){
+      if( pc ){
+        /* The next slot in the chain is not past the end of the current slot */
+        *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPg);
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
   }
-  if( pc ){
+  if( pc>maxPC+nByte-4 ){
+    /* The free slot chain extends off the end of the page */
     *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPg);
   }
-
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -64239,7 +66346,7 @@ static int allocateSpace(MemPage *pPage, int nByte, int *pIdx){
   int top;                             /* First byte of cell content area */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;                  /* Integer return code */
   int gap;        /* First byte of gap between cell pointers and cell content */
-  
+
   assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
   assert( pPage->pBt );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
@@ -64257,7 +66364,7 @@ static int allocateSpace(MemPage *pPage, int nByte, int *pIdx){
   ** However, that integer is too large to be stored in a 2-byte unsigned
   ** integer, so a value of 0 is used in its place. */
   top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
-  assert( top<=(int)pPage->pBt->usableSize ); /* Prevent by getAndInitPage() */
+  assert( top<=(int)pPage->pBt->usableSize ); /* by btreeComputeFreeSpace() */
   if( gap>top ){
     if( top==0 && pPage->pBt->usableSize==65536 ){
       top = 65536;
@@ -64266,9 +66373,9 @@ static int allocateSpace(MemPage *pPage, int nByte, int *pIdx){
     }
   }
 
-  /* If there is enough space between gap and top for one more cell pointer
-  ** array entry offset, and if the freelist is not empty, then search the
-  ** freelist looking for a free slot big enough to satisfy the request.
+  /* If there is enough space between gap and top for one more cell pointer,
+  ** and if the freelist is not empty, then search the
+  ** freelist looking for a slot big enough to satisfy the request.
   */
   testcase( gap+2==top );
   testcase( gap+1==top );
@@ -64276,9 +66383,14 @@ static int allocateSpace(MemPage *pPage, int nByte, int *pIdx){
   if( (data[hdr+2] || data[hdr+1]) && gap+2<=top ){
     u8 *pSpace = pageFindSlot(pPage, nByte, &rc);
     if( pSpace ){
-      assert( pSpace>=data && (pSpace - data)<65536 );
-      *pIdx = (int)(pSpace - data);
-      return SQLITE_OK;
+      int g2;
+      assert( pSpace+nByte<=data+pPage->pBt->usableSize );
+      *pIdx = g2 = (int)(pSpace-data);
+      if( NEVER(g2<=gap) ){
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+      }else{
+        return SQLITE_OK;
+      }
     }else if( rc ){
       return rc;
     }
@@ -64290,6 +66402,7 @@ static int allocateSpace(MemPage *pPage, int nByte, int *pIdx){
   testcase( gap+2+nByte==top );
   if( gap+2+nByte>top ){
     assert( pPage->nCell>0 || CORRUPT_DB );
+    assert( pPage->nFree>=0 );
     rc = defragmentPage(pPage, MIN(4, pPage->nFree - (2+nByte)));
     if( rc ) return rc;
     top = get2byteNotZero(&data[hdr+5]);
@@ -64298,7 +66411,7 @@ static int allocateSpace(MemPage *pPage, int nByte, int *pIdx){
 
 
   /* Allocate memory from the gap in between the cell pointer array
-  ** and the cell content area.  The btreeInitPage() call has already
+  ** and the cell content area.  The btreeComputeFreeSpace() call has already
   ** validated the freelist.  Given that the freelist is valid, there
   ** is no way that the allocation can extend off the end of the page.
   ** The assert() below verifies the previous sentence.
@@ -64317,7 +66430,7 @@ static int allocateSpace(MemPage *pPage, int nByte, int *pIdx){
 **
 ** Adjacent freeblocks are coalesced.
 **
-** Note that even though the freeblock list was checked by btreeInitPage(),
+** Even though the freeblock list was checked by btreeComputeFreeSpace(),
 ** that routine will not detect overlap between cells or freeblocks.  Nor
 ** does it detect cells or freeblocks that encrouch into the reserved bytes
 ** at the end of the page.  So do additional corruption checks inside this
@@ -64341,7 +66454,7 @@ static int freeSpace(MemPage *pPage, u16 iStart, u16 iSize){
   assert( iSize>=4 );   /* Minimum cell size is 4 */
   assert( iStart<=pPage->pBt->usableSize-4 );
 
-  /* The list of freeblocks must be in ascending order.  Find the 
+  /* The list of freeblocks must be in ascending order.  Find the
   ** spot on the list where iStart should be inserted.
   */
   hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
@@ -64351,16 +66464,16 @@ static int freeSpace(MemPage *pPage, u16 iStart, u16 iSize){
   }else{
     while( (iFreeBlk = get2byte(&data[iPtr]))<iStart ){
       if( iFreeBlk<iPtr+4 ){
-        if( iFreeBlk==0 ) break;
+        if( iFreeBlk==0 ) break; /* TH3: corrupt082.100 */
         return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
       }
       iPtr = iFreeBlk;
     }
-    if( iFreeBlk>pPage->pBt->usableSize-4 ){
+    if( iFreeBlk>pPage->pBt->usableSize-4 ){ /* TH3: corrupt081.100 */
       return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     }
     assert( iFreeBlk>iPtr || iFreeBlk==0 );
-  
+
     /* At this point:
     **    iFreeBlk:   First freeblock after iStart, or zero if none
     **    iPtr:       The address of a pointer to iFreeBlk
@@ -64377,7 +66490,7 @@ static int freeSpace(MemPage *pPage, u16 iStart, u16 iSize){
       iSize = iEnd - iStart;
       iFreeBlk = get2byte(&data[iFreeBlk]);
     }
-  
+
     /* If iPtr is another freeblock (that is, if iPtr is not the freelist
     ** pointer in the page header) then check to see if iStart should be
     ** coalesced onto the end of iPtr.
@@ -64399,7 +66512,8 @@ static int freeSpace(MemPage *pPage, u16 iStart, u16 iSize){
     /* The new freeblock is at the beginning of the cell content area,
     ** so just extend the cell content area rather than create another
     ** freelist entry */
-    if( iStart<x || iPtr!=hdr+1 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+    if( iStart<x ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+    if( iPtr!=hdr+1 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     put2byte(&data[hdr+1], iFreeBlk);
     put2byte(&data[hdr+5], iEnd);
   }else{
@@ -64479,21 +66593,14 @@ static int decodeFlags(MemPage *pPage, int flagByte){
 }
 
 /*
-** Initialize the auxiliary information for a disk block.
-**
-** Return SQLITE_OK on success.  If we see that the page does
-** not contain a well-formed database page, then return 
-** SQLITE_CORRUPT.  Note that a return of SQLITE_OK does not
-** guarantee that the page is well-formed.  It only shows that
-** we failed to detect any corruption.
+** Compute the amount of freespace on the page.  In other words, fill
+** in the pPage->nFree field.
 */
-static int btreeInitPage(MemPage *pPage){
+static int btreeComputeFreeSpace(MemPage *pPage){
   int pc;            /* Address of a freeblock within pPage->aData[] */
   u8 hdr;            /* Offset to beginning of page header */
   u8 *data;          /* Equal to pPage->aData */
-  BtShared *pBt;        /* The main btree structure */
   int usableSize;    /* Amount of usable space on each page */
-  u16 cellOffset;    /* Offset from start of page to first cell pointer */
   int nFree;         /* Number of unused bytes on the page */
   int top;           /* First byte of the cell content area */
   int iCellFirst;    /* First allowable cell or freeblock offset */
@@ -64505,71 +66612,18 @@ static int btreeInitPage(MemPage *pPage){
   assert( pPage->pgno==sqlite3PagerPagenumber(pPage->pDbPage) );
   assert( pPage == sqlite3PagerGetExtra(pPage->pDbPage) );
   assert( pPage->aData == sqlite3PagerGetData(pPage->pDbPage) );
-  assert( pPage->isInit==0 );
+  assert( pPage->isInit==1 );
+  assert( pPage->nFree<0 );
 
-  pBt = pPage->pBt;
+  usableSize = pPage->pBt->usableSize;
   hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
   data = pPage->aData;
-  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-28594-02890 The one-byte flag at offset 0 indicating
-  ** the b-tree page type. */
-  if( decodeFlags(pPage, data[hdr]) ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
-  }
-  assert( pBt->pageSize>=512 && pBt->pageSize<=65536 );
-  pPage->maskPage = (u16)(pBt->pageSize - 1);
-  pPage->nOverflow = 0;
-  usableSize = pBt->usableSize;
-  pPage->cellOffset = cellOffset = hdr + 8 + pPage->childPtrSize;
-  pPage->aDataEnd = &data[usableSize];
-  pPage->aCellIdx = &data[cellOffset];
-  pPage->aDataOfst = &data[pPage->childPtrSize];
   /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-58015-48175 The two-byte integer at offset 5 designates
   ** the start of the cell content area. A zero value for this integer is
   ** interpreted as 65536. */
   top = get2byteNotZero(&data[hdr+5]);
-  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-37002-32774 The two-byte integer at offset 3 gives the
-  ** number of cells on the page. */
-  pPage->nCell = get2byte(&data[hdr+3]);
-  if( pPage->nCell>MX_CELL(pBt) ){
-    /* To many cells for a single page.  The page must be corrupt */
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
-  }
-  testcase( pPage->nCell==MX_CELL(pBt) );
-  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-24089-57979 If a page contains no cells (which is only
-  ** possible for a root page of a table that contains no rows) then the
-  ** offset to the cell content area will equal the page size minus the
-  ** bytes of reserved space. */
-  assert( pPage->nCell>0 || top==usableSize || CORRUPT_DB );
-
-  /* A malformed database page might cause us to read past the end
-  ** of page when parsing a cell.  
-  **
-  ** The following block of code checks early to see if a cell extends
-  ** past the end of a page boundary and causes SQLITE_CORRUPT to be 
-  ** returned if it does.
-  */
-  iCellFirst = cellOffset + 2*pPage->nCell;
+  iCellFirst = hdr + 8 + pPage->childPtrSize + 2*pPage->nCell;
   iCellLast = usableSize - 4;
-  if( pBt->db->flags & SQLITE_CellSizeCk ){
-    int i;            /* Index into the cell pointer array */
-    int sz;           /* Size of a cell */
-
-    if( !pPage->leaf ) iCellLast--;
-    for(i=0; i<pPage->nCell; i++){
-      pc = get2byteAligned(&data[cellOffset+i*2]);
-      testcase( pc==iCellFirst );
-      testcase( pc==iCellLast );
-      if( pc<iCellFirst || pc>iCellLast ){
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
-      }
-      sz = pPage->xCellSize(pPage, &data[pc]);
-      testcase( pc+sz==usableSize );
-      if( pc+sz>usableSize ){
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
-      }
-    }
-    if( !pPage->leaf ) iCellLast++;
-  }  
 
   /* Compute the total free space on the page
   ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-23588-34450 The two-byte integer at offset 1 gives the
@@ -64579,11 +66633,11 @@ static int btreeInitPage(MemPage *pPage){
   nFree = data[hdr+7] + top;  /* Init nFree to non-freeblock free space */
   if( pc>0 ){
     u32 next, size;
-    if( pc<iCellFirst ){
+    if( pc<top ){
       /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-55530-52930 In a well-formed b-tree page, there will
       ** always be at least one cell before the first freeblock.
       */
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage); 
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     }
     while( 1 ){
       if( pc>iCellLast ){
@@ -64613,11 +66667,104 @@ static int btreeInitPage(MemPage *pPage){
   ** serves to verify that the offset to the start of the cell-content
   ** area, according to the page header, lies within the page.
   */
-  if( nFree>usableSize ){
+  if( nFree>usableSize || nFree<iCellFirst ){
     return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
   pPage->nFree = (u16)(nFree - iCellFirst);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Do additional sanity check after btreeInitPage() if
+** PRAGMA cell_size_check=ON
+*/
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreeCellSizeCheck(MemPage *pPage){
+  int iCellFirst;    /* First allowable cell or freeblock offset */
+  int iCellLast;     /* Last possible cell or freeblock offset */
+  int i;             /* Index into the cell pointer array */
+  int sz;            /* Size of a cell */
+  int pc;            /* Address of a freeblock within pPage->aData[] */
+  u8 *data;          /* Equal to pPage->aData */
+  int usableSize;    /* Maximum usable space on the page */
+  int cellOffset;    /* Start of cell content area */
+
+  iCellFirst = pPage->cellOffset + 2*pPage->nCell;
+  usableSize = pPage->pBt->usableSize;
+  iCellLast = usableSize - 4;
+  data = pPage->aData;
+  cellOffset = pPage->cellOffset;
+  if( !pPage->leaf ) iCellLast--;
+  for(i=0; i<pPage->nCell; i++){
+    pc = get2byteAligned(&data[cellOffset+i*2]);
+    testcase( pc==iCellFirst );
+    testcase( pc==iCellLast );
+    if( pc<iCellFirst || pc>iCellLast ){
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+    }
+    sz = pPage->xCellSize(pPage, &data[pc]);
+    testcase( pc+sz==usableSize );
+    if( pc+sz>usableSize ){
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+    }
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Initialize the auxiliary information for a disk block.
+**
+** Return SQLITE_OK on success.  If we see that the page does
+** not contain a well-formed database page, then return
+** SQLITE_CORRUPT.  Note that a return of SQLITE_OK does not
+** guarantee that the page is well-formed.  It only shows that
+** we failed to detect any corruption.
+*/
+static int btreeInitPage(MemPage *pPage){
+  u8 *data;          /* Equal to pPage->aData */
+  BtShared *pBt;        /* The main btree structure */
+
+  assert( pPage->pBt!=0 );
+  assert( pPage->pBt->db!=0 );
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
+  assert( pPage->pgno==sqlite3PagerPagenumber(pPage->pDbPage) );
+  assert( pPage == sqlite3PagerGetExtra(pPage->pDbPage) );
+  assert( pPage->aData == sqlite3PagerGetData(pPage->pDbPage) );
+  assert( pPage->isInit==0 );
+
+  pBt = pPage->pBt;
+  data = pPage->aData + pPage->hdrOffset;
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-28594-02890 The one-byte flag at offset 0 indicating
+  ** the b-tree page type. */
+  if( decodeFlags(pPage, data[0]) ){
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+  }
+  assert( pBt->pageSize>=512 && pBt->pageSize<=65536 );
+  pPage->maskPage = (u16)(pBt->pageSize - 1);
+  pPage->nOverflow = 0;
+  pPage->cellOffset = pPage->hdrOffset + 8 + pPage->childPtrSize;
+  pPage->aCellIdx = data + pPage->childPtrSize + 8;
+  pPage->aDataEnd = pPage->aData + pBt->usableSize;
+  pPage->aDataOfst = pPage->aData + pPage->childPtrSize;
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-37002-32774 The two-byte integer at offset 3 gives the
+  ** number of cells on the page. */
+  pPage->nCell = get2byte(&data[3]);
+  if( pPage->nCell>MX_CELL(pBt) ){
+    /* To many cells for a single page.  The page must be corrupt */
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+  }
+  testcase( pPage->nCell==MX_CELL(pBt) );
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-24089-57979 If a page contains no cells (which is only
+  ** possible for a root page of a table that contains no rows) then the
+  ** offset to the cell content area will equal the page size minus the
+  ** bytes of reserved space. */
+  assert( pPage->nCell>0
+       || get2byteNotZero(&data[5])==(int)pBt->usableSize
+       || CORRUPT_DB );
+  pPage->nFree = -1;  /* Indicate that this value is yet uncomputed */
   pPage->isInit = 1;
+  if( pBt->db->flags & SQLITE_CellSizeCk ){
+    return btreeCellSizeCheck(pPage);
+  }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -64672,7 +66819,7 @@ static MemPage *btreePageFromDbPage(DbPage *pDbPage, Pgno pgno, BtShared *pBt){
     pPage->hdrOffset = pgno==1 ? 100 : 0;
   }
   assert( pPage->aData==sqlite3PagerGetData(pDbPage) );
-  return pPage; 
+  return pPage;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -64725,9 +66872,8 @@ static MemPage *btreePageLookup(BtShared *pBt, Pgno pgno){
 static Pgno btreePagecount(BtShared *pBt){
   return pBt->nPage;
 }
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3BtreeLastPage(Btree *p){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Pgno sqlite3BtreeLastPage(Btree *p){
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
-  assert( ((p->pBt->nPage)&0x80000000)==0 );
   return btreePagecount(p->pBt);
 }
 
@@ -64760,19 +66906,18 @@ static int getAndInitPage(
 
   if( pgno>btreePagecount(pBt) ){
     rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    goto getAndInitPage_error;
+    goto getAndInitPage_error1;
   }
   rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pBt->pPager, pgno, (DbPage**)&pDbPage, bReadOnly);
   if( rc ){
-    goto getAndInitPage_error;
+    goto getAndInitPage_error1;
   }
   *ppPage = (MemPage*)sqlite3PagerGetExtra(pDbPage);
   if( (*ppPage)->isInit==0 ){
     btreePageFromDbPage(pDbPage, pgno, pBt);
     rc = btreeInitPage(*ppPage);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      releasePage(*ppPage);
-      goto getAndInitPage_error;
+      goto getAndInitPage_error2;
     }
   }
   assert( (*ppPage)->pgno==pgno );
@@ -64782,12 +66927,13 @@ static int getAndInitPage(
   ** compatible with the root page. */
   if( pCur && ((*ppPage)->nCell<1 || (*ppPage)->intKey!=pCur->curIntKey) ){
     rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(pgno);
-    releasePage(*ppPage);
-    goto getAndInitPage_error;
+    goto getAndInitPage_error2;
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 
-getAndInitPage_error:
+getAndInitPage_error2:
+  releasePage(*ppPage);
+getAndInitPage_error1:
   if( pCur ){
     pCur->iPage--;
     pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
@@ -64890,17 +67036,16 @@ static int btreeInvokeBusyHandler(void *pArg){
   BtShared *pBt = (BtShared*)pArg;
   assert( pBt->db );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->db->mutex) );
-  return sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(&pBt->db->busyHandler,
-                                  sqlite3PagerFile(pBt->pPager));
+  return sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(&pBt->db->busyHandler);
 }
 
 /*
 ** Open a database file.
-** 
+**
 ** zFilename is the name of the database file.  If zFilename is NULL
 ** then an ephemeral database is created.  The ephemeral database might
 ** be exclusively in memory, or it might use a disk-based memory cache.
-** Either way, the ephemeral database will be automatically deleted 
+** Either way, the ephemeral database will be automatically deleted
 ** when sqlite3BtreeClose() is called.
 **
 ** If zFilename is ":memory:" then an in-memory database is created
@@ -64933,7 +67078,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeOpen(
   /* True if opening an ephemeral, temporary database */
   const int isTempDb = zFilename==0 || zFilename[0]==0;
 
-  /* Set the variable isMemdb to true for an in-memory database, or 
+  /* Set the variable isMemdb to true for an in-memory database, or
   ** false for a file-based database.
   */
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
@@ -64995,15 +67140,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeOpen(
         rc = sqlite3OsFullPathname(pVfs, zFilename,
                                    nFullPathname, zFullPathname);
         if( rc ){
-          sqlite3_free(zFullPathname);
-          sqlite3_free(p);
-          return rc;
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK ){
+            rc = SQLITE_OK;
+          }else{
+            sqlite3_free(zFullPathname);
+            sqlite3_free(p);
+            return rc;
+          }
         }
       }
 #if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
       mutexOpen = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN);
       sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutexOpen);
-      mutexShared = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+      mutexShared = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN);
       sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutexShared);
 #endif
       for(pBt=GLOBAL(BtShared*,sqlite3SharedCacheList); pBt; pBt=pBt->pNext){
@@ -65052,7 +67201,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeOpen(
     assert( sizeof(u32)==4 );
     assert( sizeof(u16)==2 );
     assert( sizeof(Pgno)==4 );
-  
+
     pBt = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(*pBt) );
     if( pBt==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
@@ -65071,7 +67220,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeOpen(
     pBt->db = db;
     sqlite3PagerSetBusyHandler(pBt->pPager, btreeInvokeBusyHandler, pBt);
     p->pBt = pBt;
-  
+
     pBt->pCursor = 0;
     pBt->pPage1 = 0;
     if( sqlite3PagerIsreadonly(pBt->pPager) ) pBt->btsFlags |= BTS_READ_ONLY;
@@ -65115,14 +67264,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeOpen(
     if( rc ) goto btree_open_out;
     pBt->usableSize = pBt->pageSize - nReserve;
     assert( (pBt->pageSize & 7)==0 );  /* 8-byte alignment of pageSize */
-   
+
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO)
     /* Add the new BtShared object to the linked list sharable BtShareds.
     */
     pBt->nRef = 1;
     if( p->sharable ){
       MUTEX_LOGIC( sqlite3_mutex *mutexShared; )
-      MUTEX_LOGIC( mutexShared = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);)
+      MUTEX_LOGIC( mutexShared = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN);)
       if( SQLITE_THREADSAFE && sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex ){
         pBt->mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST);
         if( pBt->mutex==0 ){
@@ -65187,7 +67336,7 @@ btree_open_out:
     ** do not change the pager-cache size.
     */
     if( sqlite3BtreeSchema(p, 0, 0)==0 ){
-      sqlite3PagerSetCachesize(p->pBt->pPager, SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE);
+      sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(p, SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE);
     }
 
     pFile = sqlite3PagerFile(pBt->pPager);
@@ -65211,13 +67360,13 @@ btree_open_out:
 */
 static int removeFromSharingList(BtShared *pBt){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-  MUTEX_LOGIC( sqlite3_mutex *pMaster; )
+  MUTEX_LOGIC( sqlite3_mutex *pMainMtx; )
   BtShared *pList;
   int removed = 0;
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_notheld(pBt->mutex) );
-  MUTEX_LOGIC( pMaster = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER); )
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMaster);
+  MUTEX_LOGIC( pMainMtx = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN); )
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMainMtx);
   pBt->nRef--;
   if( pBt->nRef<=0 ){
     if( GLOBAL(BtShared*,sqlite3SharedCacheList)==pBt ){
@@ -65236,7 +67385,7 @@ static int removeFromSharingList(BtShared *pBt){
     }
     removed = 1;
   }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMaster);
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMainMtx);
   return removed;
 #else
   return 1;
@@ -65244,7 +67393,7 @@ static int removeFromSharingList(BtShared *pBt){
 }
 
 /*
-** Make sure pBt->pTmpSpace points to an allocation of 
+** Make sure pBt->pTmpSpace points to an allocation of
 ** MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt) bytes with a 4-byte prefix for a left-child
 ** pointer.
 */
@@ -65259,7 +67408,7 @@ static void allocateTempSpace(BtShared *pBt){
     ** can mean that fillInCell() only initializes the first 2 or 3
     ** bytes of pTmpSpace, but that the first 4 bytes are copied from
     ** it into a database page. This is not actually a problem, but it
-    ** does cause a valgrind error when the 1 or 2 bytes of unitialized 
+    ** does cause a valgrind error when the 1 or 2 bytes of unitialized
     ** data is passed to system call write(). So to avoid this error,
     ** zero the first 4 bytes of temp space here.
     **
@@ -65312,7 +67461,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeClose(Btree *p){
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
 
   /* If there are still other outstanding references to the shared-btree
-  ** structure, return now. The remainder of this procedure cleans 
+  ** structure, return now. The remainder of this procedure cleans
   ** up the shared-btree.
   */
   assert( p->wantToLock==0 && p->locked==0 );
@@ -65418,7 +67567,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetPagerFlags(
 
 /*
 ** Change the default pages size and the number of reserved bytes per page.
-** Or, if the page size has already been fixed, return SQLITE_READONLY 
+** Or, if the page size has already been fixed, return SQLITE_READONLY
 ** without changing anything.
 **
 ** The page size must be a power of 2 between 512 and 65536.  If the page
@@ -65438,19 +67587,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetPagerFlags(
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(Btree *p, int pageSize, int nReserve, int iFix){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int x;
   BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  assert( nReserve>=-1 && nReserve<=255 );
+  assert( nReserve>=0 && nReserve<=255 );
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-#if SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  if( nReserve>pBt->optimalReserve ) pBt->optimalReserve = (u8)nReserve;
-#endif
+  pBt->nReserveWanted = nReserve;
+  x = pBt->pageSize - pBt->usableSize;
+  if( nReserve<x ) nReserve = x;
   if( pBt->btsFlags & BTS_PAGESIZE_FIXED ){
     sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
     return SQLITE_READONLY;
   }
-  if( nReserve<0 ){
-    nReserve = pBt->pageSize - pBt->usableSize;
-  }
   assert( nReserve>=0 && nReserve<=255 );
   if( pageSize>=512 && pageSize<=SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE &&
         ((pageSize-1)&pageSize)==0 ){
@@ -65479,7 +67626,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(Btree *p){
 ** held.
 **
 ** This is useful in one special case in the backup API code where it is
-** known that the shared b-tree mutex is held, but the mutex on the 
+** known that the shared b-tree mutex is held, but the mutex on the
 ** database handle that owns *p is not. In this case if sqlite3BtreeEnter()
 ** were to be called, it might collide with some other operation on the
 ** database handle that owns *p, causing undefined behavior.
@@ -65496,19 +67643,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetReserveNoMutex(Btree *p){
 ** are intentually left unused.  This is the "reserved" space that is
 ** sometimes used by extensions.
 **
-** If SQLITE_HAS_MUTEX is defined then the number returned is the
-** greater of the current reserved space and the maximum requested
-** reserve space.
+** The value returned is the larger of the current reserve size and
+** the latest reserve size requested by SQLITE_FILECTRL_RESERVE_BYTES.
+** The amount of reserve can only grow - never shrink.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetOptimalReserve(Btree *p){
-  int n;
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetRequestedReserve(Btree *p){
+  int n1, n2;
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  n = sqlite3BtreeGetReserveNoMutex(p);
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  if( n<p->pBt->optimalReserve ) n = p->pBt->optimalReserve;
-#endif
+  n1 = (int)p->pBt->nReserveWanted;
+  n2 = sqlite3BtreeGetReserveNoMutex(p);
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
-  return n;
+  return n1>n2 ? n1 : n2;
 }
 
 
@@ -65517,8 +67662,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetOptimalReserve(Btree *p){
 ** No changes are made if mxPage is 0 or negative.
 ** Regardless of the value of mxPage, return the maximum page count.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeMaxPageCount(Btree *p, int mxPage){
-  int n;
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Pgno sqlite3BtreeMaxPageCount(Btree *p, Pgno mxPage){
+  Pgno n;
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
   n = sqlite3PagerMaxPageCount(p->pBt->pPager, mxPage);
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
@@ -65561,7 +67706,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(Btree *p, int newFlag){
 /*
 ** Change the 'auto-vacuum' property of the database. If the 'autoVacuum'
 ** parameter is non-zero, then auto-vacuum mode is enabled. If zero, it
-** is disabled. The default value for the auto-vacuum property is 
+** is disabled. The default value for the auto-vacuum property is
 ** determined by the SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM macro.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetAutoVacuum(Btree *p, int autoVacuum){
@@ -65585,7 +67730,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetAutoVacuum(Btree *p, int autoVacuum){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return the value of the 'auto-vacuum' property. If auto-vacuum is 
+** Return the value of the 'auto-vacuum' property. If auto-vacuum is
 ** enabled 1 is returned. Otherwise 0.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeGetAutoVacuum(Btree *p){
@@ -65617,9 +67762,9 @@ static void setDefaultSyncFlag(BtShared *pBt, u8 safety_level){
   Db *pDb;
   if( (db=pBt->db)!=0 && (pDb=db->aDb)!=0 ){
     while( pDb->pBt==0 || pDb->pBt->pBt!=pBt ){ pDb++; }
-    if( pDb->bSyncSet==0 
-     && pDb->safety_level!=safety_level 
-     && pDb!=&db->aDb[1] 
+    if( pDb->bSyncSet==0
+     && pDb->safety_level!=safety_level
+     && pDb!=&db->aDb[1]
     ){
       pDb->safety_level = safety_level;
       sqlite3PagerSetFlags(pBt->pPager,
@@ -65642,14 +67787,14 @@ static int newDatabase(BtShared*);
 ** SQLITE_OK is returned on success.  If the file is not a
 ** well-formed database file, then SQLITE_CORRUPT is returned.
 ** SQLITE_BUSY is returned if the database is locked.  SQLITE_NOMEM
-** is returned if we run out of memory. 
+** is returned if we run out of memory.
 */
 static int lockBtree(BtShared *pBt){
   int rc;              /* Result code from subfunctions */
   MemPage *pPage1;     /* Page 1 of the database file */
-  int nPage;           /* Number of pages in the database */
-  int nPageFile = 0;   /* Number of pages in the database file */
-  int nPageHeader;     /* Number of pages in the database according to hdr */
+  u32 nPage;           /* Number of pages in the database */
+  u32 nPageFile = 0;   /* Number of pages in the database file */
+  u32 nPageHeader;     /* Number of pages in the database according to hdr */
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
   assert( pBt->pPage1==0 );
@@ -65659,10 +67804,10 @@ static int lockBtree(BtShared *pBt){
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
 
   /* Do some checking to help insure the file we opened really is
-  ** a valid database file. 
+  ** a valid database file.
   */
   nPage = nPageHeader = get4byte(28+(u8*)pPage1->aData);
-  sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, &nPageFile);
+  sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, (int*)&nPageFile);
   if( nPage==0 || memcmp(24+(u8*)pPage1->aData, 92+(u8*)pPage1->aData,4)!=0 ){
     nPage = nPageFile;
   }
@@ -65697,7 +67842,7 @@ static int lockBtree(BtShared *pBt){
     }
 
     /* If the write version is set to 2, this database should be accessed
-    ** in WAL mode. If the log is not already open, open it now. Then 
+    ** in WAL mode. If the log is not already open, open it now. Then
     ** return SQLITE_OK and return without populating BtShared.pPage1.
     ** The caller detects this and calls this function again. This is
     ** required as the version of page 1 currently in the page1 buffer
@@ -65738,15 +67883,16 @@ static int lockBtree(BtShared *pBt){
     /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-25008-21688 The size of a page is a power of two
     ** between 512 and 65536 inclusive. */
     if( ((pageSize-1)&pageSize)!=0
-     || pageSize>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE 
-     || pageSize<=256 
+     || pageSize>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
+     || pageSize<=256
     ){
       goto page1_init_failed;
     }
+    pBt->btsFlags |= BTS_PAGESIZE_FIXED;
     assert( (pageSize & 7)==0 );
     /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-59310-51205 The "reserved space" size in the 1-byte
     ** integer at offset 20 is the number of bytes of space at the end of
-    ** each page to reserve for extensions. 
+    ** each page to reserve for extensions.
     **
     ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-37497-42412 The size of the reserved region is
     ** determined by the one-byte unsigned integer found at an offset of 20
@@ -65767,7 +67913,7 @@ static int lockBtree(BtShared *pBt){
                                    pageSize-usableSize);
       return rc;
     }
-    if( (pBt->db->flags & SQLITE_WriteSchema)==0 && nPage>nPageFile ){
+    if( sqlite3WritableSchema(pBt->db)==0 && nPage>nPageFile ){
       rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
       goto page1_init_failed;
     }
@@ -65836,7 +67982,7 @@ static int countValidCursors(BtShared *pBt, int wrOnly){
   int r = 0;
   for(pCur=pBt->pCursor; pCur; pCur=pCur->pNext){
     if( (wrOnly==0 || (pCur->curFlags & BTCF_WriteFlag)!=0)
-     && pCur->eState!=CURSOR_FAULT ) r++; 
+     && pCur->eState!=CURSOR_FAULT ) r++;
   }
   return r;
 }
@@ -65845,7 +67991,7 @@ static int countValidCursors(BtShared *pBt, int wrOnly){
 /*
 ** If there are no outstanding cursors and we are not in the middle
 ** of a transaction but there is a read lock on the database, then
-** this routine unrefs the first page of the database file which 
+** this routine unrefs the first page of the database file which
 ** has the effect of releasing the read lock.
 **
 ** If there is a transaction in progress, this routine is a no-op.
@@ -65929,8 +68075,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNewDb(Btree *p){
 ** upgraded to exclusive by calling this routine a second time - the
 ** exclusivity flag only works for a new transaction.
 **
-** A write-transaction must be started before attempting any 
-** changes to the database.  None of the following routines 
+** A write-transaction must be started before attempting any
+** changes to the database.  None of the following routines
 ** will work unless a transaction is started first:
 **
 **      sqlite3BtreeCreateTable()
@@ -65944,7 +68090,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNewDb(Btree *p){
 ** If an initial attempt to acquire the lock fails because of lock contention
 ** and the database was previously unlocked, then invoke the busy handler
 ** if there is one.  But if there was previously a read-lock, do not
-** invoke the busy handler - just return SQLITE_BUSY.  SQLITE_BUSY is 
+** invoke the busy handler - just return SQLITE_BUSY.  SQLITE_BUSY is
 ** returned when there is already a read-lock in order to avoid a deadlock.
 **
 ** Suppose there are two processes A and B.  A has a read lock and B has
@@ -65957,6 +68103,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNewDb(Btree *p){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(Btree *p, int wrflag, int *pSchemaVersion){
   BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
+  Pager *pPager = pBt->pPager;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
@@ -65971,8 +68118,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(Btree *p, int wrflag, int *pSchemaVers
   }
   assert( pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE || IfNotOmitAV(pBt->bDoTruncate)==0 );
 
-  if( (p->db->flags & SQLITE_ResetDatabase) 
-   && sqlite3PagerIsreadonly(pBt->pPager)==0 
+  if( (p->db->flags & SQLITE_ResetDatabase)
+   && sqlite3PagerIsreadonly(pPager)==0
   ){
     pBt->btsFlags &= ~BTS_READ_ONLY;
   }
@@ -65986,7 +68133,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(Btree *p, int wrflag, int *pSchemaVers
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
   {
     sqlite3 *pBlock = 0;
-    /* If another database handle has already opened a write transaction 
+    /* If another database handle has already opened a write transaction
     ** on this shared-btree structure and a second write transaction is
     ** requested, return SQLITE_LOCKED.
     */
@@ -66011,19 +68158,31 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(Btree *p, int wrflag, int *pSchemaVers
   }
 #endif
 
-  /* Any read-only or read-write transaction implies a read-lock on 
-  ** page 1. So if some other shared-cache client already has a write-lock 
+  /* Any read-only or read-write transaction implies a read-lock on
+  ** page 1. So if some other shared-cache client already has a write-lock
   ** on page 1, the transaction cannot be opened. */
-  rc = querySharedCacheTableLock(p, MASTER_ROOT, READ_LOCK);
+  rc = querySharedCacheTableLock(p, SCHEMA_ROOT, READ_LOCK);
   if( SQLITE_OK!=rc ) goto trans_begun;
 
   pBt->btsFlags &= ~BTS_INITIALLY_EMPTY;
   if( pBt->nPage==0 ) pBt->btsFlags |= BTS_INITIALLY_EMPTY;
   do {
+    sqlite3PagerWalDb(pPager, p->db);
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+    /* If transitioning from no transaction directly to a write transaction,
+    ** block for the WRITER lock first if possible. */
+    if( pBt->pPage1==0 && wrflag ){
+      assert( pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_NONE );
+      rc = sqlite3PagerWalWriteLock(pPager, 1);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY && rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
+    }
+#endif
+
     /* Call lockBtree() until either pBt->pPage1 is populated or
     ** lockBtree() returns something other than SQLITE_OK. lockBtree()
     ** may return SQLITE_OK but leave pBt->pPage1 set to 0 if after
-    ** reading page 1 it discovers that the page-size of the database 
+    ** reading page 1 it discovers that the page-size of the database
     ** file is not pBt->pageSize. In this case lockBtree() will update
     ** pBt->pageSize to the page-size of the file on disk.
     */
@@ -66033,7 +68192,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(Btree *p, int wrflag, int *pSchemaVers
       if( (pBt->btsFlags & BTS_READ_ONLY)!=0 ){
         rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
       }else{
-        rc = sqlite3PagerBegin(pBt->pPager,wrflag>1,sqlite3TempInMemory(p->db));
+        rc = sqlite3PagerBegin(pPager, wrflag>1, sqlite3TempInMemory(p->db));
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           rc = newDatabase(pBt);
         }else if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT && pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_NONE ){
@@ -66044,13 +68203,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(Btree *p, int wrflag, int *pSchemaVers
         }
       }
     }
-  
+
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      (void)sqlite3PagerWalWriteLock(pPager, 0);
       unlockBtreeIfUnused(pBt);
     }
   }while( (rc&0xFF)==SQLITE_BUSY && pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_NONE &&
           btreeInvokeBusyHandler(pBt) );
-  sqlite3PagerResetLockTimeout(pBt->pPager);
+  sqlite3PagerWalDb(pPager, 0);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+  if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT ) rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
+#endif
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     if( p->inTrans==TRANS_NONE ){
@@ -66079,7 +68242,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(Btree *p, int wrflag, int *pSchemaVers
 
       /* If the db-size header field is incorrect (as it may be if an old
       ** client has been writing the database file), update it now. Doing
-      ** this sooner rather than later means the database size can safely 
+      ** this sooner rather than later means the database size can safely
       ** re-read the database size from page 1 if a savepoint or transaction
       ** rollback occurs within the transaction.
       */
@@ -66102,7 +68265,7 @@ trans_begun:
       ** open savepoints. If the second parameter is greater than 0 and
       ** the sub-journal is not already open, then it will be opened here.
       */
-      rc = sqlite3PagerOpenSavepoint(pBt->pPager, p->db->nSavepoint);
+      rc = sqlite3PagerOpenSavepoint(pPager, p->db->nSavepoint);
     }
   }
 
@@ -66133,7 +68296,7 @@ static int setChildPtrmaps(MemPage *pPage){
   for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
     u8 *pCell = findCell(pPage, i);
 
-    ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pPage, pCell, &rc);
+    ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pPage, pPage, pCell, &rc);
 
     if( !pPage->leaf ){
       Pgno childPgno = get4byte(pCell);
@@ -66154,7 +68317,7 @@ static int setChildPtrmaps(MemPage *pPage){
 ** that it points to iTo. Parameter eType describes the type of pointer to
 ** be modified, as  follows:
 **
-** PTRMAP_BTREE:     pPage is a btree-page. The pointer points at a child 
+** PTRMAP_BTREE:     pPage is a btree-page. The pointer points at a child
 **                   page of pPage.
 **
 ** PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1: pPage is a btree-page. The pointer points at an overflow
@@ -66202,9 +68365,9 @@ static int modifyPagePointer(MemPage *pPage, Pgno iFrom, Pgno iTo, u8 eType){
         }
       }
     }
-  
+
     if( i==nCell ){
-      if( eType!=PTRMAP_BTREE || 
+      if( eType!=PTRMAP_BTREE ||
           get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8])!=iFrom ){
         return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
       }
@@ -66216,11 +68379,11 @@ static int modifyPagePointer(MemPage *pPage, Pgno iFrom, Pgno iTo, u8 eType){
 
 
 /*
-** Move the open database page pDbPage to location iFreePage in the 
+** Move the open database page pDbPage to location iFreePage in the
 ** database. The pDbPage reference remains valid.
 **
 ** The isCommit flag indicates that there is no need to remember that
-** the journal needs to be sync()ed before database page pDbPage->pgno 
+** the journal needs to be sync()ed before database page pDbPage->pgno
 ** can be written to. The caller has already promised not to write to that
 ** page.
 */
@@ -66237,13 +68400,14 @@ static int relocatePage(
   Pager *pPager = pBt->pPager;
   int rc;
 
-  assert( eType==PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2 || eType==PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1 || 
+  assert( eType==PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2 || eType==PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1 ||
       eType==PTRMAP_BTREE || eType==PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
   assert( pDbPage->pBt==pBt );
+  if( iDbPage<3 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
 
   /* Move page iDbPage from its current location to page number iFreePage */
-  TRACE(("AUTOVACUUM: Moving %d to free page %d (ptr page %d type %d)\n", 
+  TRACE(("AUTOVACUUM: Moving %d to free page %d (ptr page %d type %d)\n",
       iDbPage, iFreePage, iPtrPage, eType));
   rc = sqlite3PagerMovepage(pPager, pDbPage->pDbPage, iFreePage, isCommit);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -66302,19 +68466,19 @@ static int allocateBtreePage(BtShared *, MemPage **, Pgno *, Pgno, u8);
 
 /*
 ** Perform a single step of an incremental-vacuum. If successful, return
-** SQLITE_OK. If there is no work to do (and therefore no point in 
-** calling this function again), return SQLITE_DONE. Or, if an error 
+** SQLITE_OK. If there is no work to do (and therefore no point in
+** calling this function again), return SQLITE_DONE. Or, if an error
 ** occurs, return some other error code.
 **
-** More specifically, this function attempts to re-organize the database so 
+** More specifically, this function attempts to re-organize the database so
 ** that the last page of the file currently in use is no longer in use.
 **
 ** Parameter nFin is the number of pages that this database would contain
 ** were this function called until it returns SQLITE_DONE.
 **
-** If the bCommit parameter is non-zero, this function assumes that the 
-** caller will keep calling incrVacuumStep() until it returns SQLITE_DONE 
-** or an error. bCommit is passed true for an auto-vacuum-on-commit 
+** If the bCommit parameter is non-zero, this function assumes that the
+** caller will keep calling incrVacuumStep() until it returns SQLITE_DONE
+** or an error. bCommit is passed true for an auto-vacuum-on-commit
 ** operation, or false for an incremental vacuum.
 */
 static int incrVacuumStep(BtShared *pBt, Pgno nFin, Pgno iLastPg, int bCommit){
@@ -66345,7 +68509,7 @@ static int incrVacuumStep(BtShared *pBt, Pgno nFin, Pgno iLastPg, int bCommit){
       if( bCommit==0 ){
         /* Remove the page from the files free-list. This is not required
         ** if bCommit is non-zero. In that case, the free-list will be
-        ** truncated to zero after this function returns, so it doesn't 
+        ** truncated to zero after this function returns, so it doesn't
         ** matter if it still contains some garbage entries.
         */
         Pgno iFreePg;
@@ -66389,7 +68553,7 @@ static int incrVacuumStep(BtShared *pBt, Pgno nFin, Pgno iLastPg, int bCommit){
         releasePage(pFreePg);
       }while( bCommit && iFreePg>nFin );
       assert( iFreePg<iLastPg );
-      
+
       rc = relocatePage(pBt, pLastPg, eType, iPtrPage, iFreePg, bCommit);
       releasePage(pLastPg);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -66410,7 +68574,7 @@ static int incrVacuumStep(BtShared *pBt, Pgno nFin, Pgno iLastPg, int bCommit){
 
 /*
 ** The database opened by the first argument is an auto-vacuum database
-** nOrig pages in size containing nFree free pages. Return the expected 
+** nOrig pages in size containing nFree free pages. Return the expected
 ** size of the database in pages following an auto-vacuum operation.
 */
 static Pgno finalDbSize(BtShared *pBt, Pgno nOrig, Pgno nFree){
@@ -66437,7 +68601,7 @@ static Pgno finalDbSize(BtShared *pBt, Pgno nOrig, Pgno nFree){
 **
 ** If the incremental vacuum is finished after this function has run,
 ** SQLITE_DONE is returned. If it is not finished, but no error occurred,
-** SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise an SQLite error code. 
+** SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise an SQLite error code.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIncrVacuum(Btree *p){
   int rc;
@@ -66452,7 +68616,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIncrVacuum(Btree *p){
     Pgno nFree = get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[36]);
     Pgno nFin = finalDbSize(pBt, nOrig, nFree);
 
-    if( nOrig<nFin ){
+    if( nOrig<nFin || nFree>=nOrig ){
       rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
     }else if( nFree>0 ){
       rc = saveAllCursors(pBt, 0, 0);
@@ -66477,7 +68641,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIncrVacuum(Btree *p){
 ** is committed for an auto-vacuum database.
 **
 ** If SQLITE_OK is returned, then *pnTrunc is set to the number of pages
-** the database file should be truncated to during the commit process. 
+** the database file should be truncated to during the commit process.
 ** i.e. the database has been reorganized so that only the first *pnTrunc
 ** pages are in use.
 */
@@ -66549,18 +68713,18 @@ static int autoVacuumCommit(BtShared *pBt){
 **
 ** This call is a no-op if no write-transaction is currently active on pBt.
 **
-** Otherwise, sync the database file for the btree pBt. zMaster points to
-** the name of a master journal file that should be written into the
-** individual journal file, or is NULL, indicating no master journal file 
+** Otherwise, sync the database file for the btree pBt. zSuperJrnl points to
+** the name of a super-journal file that should be written into the
+** individual journal file, or is NULL, indicating no super-journal file
 ** (single database transaction).
 **
-** When this is called, the master journal should already have been
+** When this is called, the super-journal should already have been
 ** created, populated with this journal pointer and synced to disk.
 **
 ** Once this is routine has returned, the only thing required to commit
 ** the write-transaction for this database file is to delete the journal.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(Btree *p, const char *zMaster){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(Btree *p, const char *zSuperJrnl){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   if( p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE ){
     BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
@@ -66577,7 +68741,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(Btree *p, const char *zMaster){
       sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(pBt->pPager, pBt->nPage);
     }
 #endif
-    rc = sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(pBt->pPager, zMaster, 0);
+    rc = sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(pBt->pPager, zSuperJrnl, 0);
     sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
   }
   return rc;
@@ -66602,8 +68766,8 @@ static void btreeEndTransaction(Btree *p){
     downgradeAllSharedCacheTableLocks(p);
     p->inTrans = TRANS_READ;
   }else{
-    /* If the handle had any kind of transaction open, decrement the 
-    ** transaction count of the shared btree. If the transaction count 
+    /* If the handle had any kind of transaction open, decrement the
+    ** transaction count of the shared btree. If the transaction count
     ** reaches 0, set the shared state to TRANS_NONE. The unlockBtreeIfUnused()
     ** call below will unlock the pager.  */
     if( p->inTrans!=TRANS_NONE ){
@@ -66614,7 +68778,7 @@ static void btreeEndTransaction(Btree *p){
       }
     }
 
-    /* Set the current transaction state to TRANS_NONE and unlock the 
+    /* Set the current transaction state to TRANS_NONE and unlock the
     ** pager if this call closed the only read or write transaction.  */
     p->inTrans = TRANS_NONE;
     unlockBtreeIfUnused(pBt);
@@ -66635,12 +68799,12 @@ static void btreeEndTransaction(Btree *p){
 ** the rollback journal (which causes the transaction to commit) and
 ** drop locks.
 **
-** Normally, if an error occurs while the pager layer is attempting to 
+** Normally, if an error occurs while the pager layer is attempting to
 ** finalize the underlying journal file, this function returns an error and
 ** the upper layer will attempt a rollback. However, if the second argument
-** is non-zero then this b-tree transaction is part of a multi-file 
-** transaction. In this case, the transaction has already been committed 
-** (by deleting a master journal file) and the caller will ignore this 
+** is non-zero then this b-tree transaction is part of a multi-file
+** transaction. In this case, the transaction has already been committed
+** (by deleting a super-journal file) and the caller will ignore this
 ** functions return code. So, even if an error occurs in the pager layer,
 ** reset the b-tree objects internal state to indicate that the write
 ** transaction has been closed. This is quite safe, as the pager will have
@@ -66655,7 +68819,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo(Btree *p, int bCleanup){
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
   btreeIntegrity(p);
 
-  /* If the handle has a write-transaction open, commit the shared-btrees 
+  /* If the handle has a write-transaction open, commit the shared-btrees
   ** transaction and set the shared state to TRANS_READ.
   */
   if( p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE ){
@@ -66704,15 +68868,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCommit(Btree *p){
 **
 ** This routine gets called when a rollback occurs. If the writeOnly
 ** flag is true, then only write-cursors need be tripped - read-only
-** cursors save their current positions so that they may continue 
-** following the rollback. Or, if writeOnly is false, all cursors are 
+** cursors save their current positions so that they may continue
+** following the rollback. Or, if writeOnly is false, all cursors are
 ** tripped. In general, writeOnly is false if the transaction being
 ** rolled back modified the database schema. In this case b-tree root
 ** pages may be moved or deleted from the database altogether, making
 ** it unsafe for read cursors to continue.
 **
-** If the writeOnly flag is true and an error is encountered while 
-** saving the current position of a read-only cursor, all cursors, 
+** If the writeOnly flag is true and an error is encountered while
+** saving the current position of a read-only cursor, all cursors,
 ** including all read-cursors are tripped.
 **
 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or if an error occurs while
@@ -66746,6 +68910,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeTripAllCursors(Btree *pBtree, int errCode, int wr
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** Set the pBt->nPage field correctly, according to the current
+** state of the database.  Assume pBt->pPage1 is valid.
+*/
+static void btreeSetNPage(BtShared *pBt, MemPage *pPage1){
+  int nPage = get4byte(&pPage1->aData[28]);
+  testcase( nPage==0 );
+  if( nPage==0 ) sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, &nPage);
+  testcase( pBt->nPage!=nPage );
+  pBt->nPage = nPage;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Rollback the transaction in progress.
 **
@@ -66791,11 +68967,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeRollback(Btree *p, int tripCode, int writeOnly){
     ** call btreeGetPage() on page 1 again to make
     ** sure pPage1->aData is set correctly. */
     if( btreeGetPage(pBt, 1, &pPage1, 0)==SQLITE_OK ){
-      int nPage = get4byte(28+(u8*)pPage1->aData);
-      testcase( nPage==0 );
-      if( nPage==0 ) sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, &nPage);
-      testcase( pBt->nPage!=nPage );
-      pBt->nPage = nPage;
+      btreeSetNPage(pBt, pPage1);
       releasePageOne(pPage1);
     }
     assert( countValidCursors(pBt, 1)==0 );
@@ -66810,8 +68982,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeRollback(Btree *p, int tripCode, int writeOnly){
 
 /*
 ** Start a statement subtransaction. The subtransaction can be rolled
-** back independently of the main transaction. You must start a transaction 
-** before starting a subtransaction. The subtransaction is ended automatically 
+** back independently of the main transaction. You must start a transaction
+** before starting a subtransaction. The subtransaction is ended automatically
 ** if the main transaction commits or rolls back.
 **
 ** Statement subtransactions are used around individual SQL statements
@@ -66848,11 +69020,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeBeginStmt(Btree *p, int iStatement){
 /*
 ** The second argument to this function, op, is always SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK
 ** or SAVEPOINT_RELEASE. This function either releases or rolls back the
-** savepoint identified by parameter iSavepoint, depending on the value 
+** savepoint identified by parameter iSavepoint, depending on the value
 ** of op.
 **
 ** Normally, iSavepoint is greater than or equal to zero. However, if op is
-** SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, then iSavepoint may also be -1. In this case the 
+** SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, then iSavepoint may also be -1. In this case the
 ** contents of the entire transaction are rolled back. This is different
 ** from a normal transaction rollback, as no locks are released and the
 ** transaction remains open.
@@ -66875,12 +69047,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSavepoint(Btree *p, int op, int iSavepoint){
         pBt->nPage = 0;
       }
       rc = newDatabase(pBt);
-      pBt->nPage = get4byte(28 + pBt->pPage1->aData);
+      btreeSetNPage(pBt, pBt->pPage1);
 
-      /* The database size was written into the offset 28 of the header
-      ** when the transaction started, so we know that the value at offset
-      ** 28 is nonzero. */
-      assert( pBt->nPage>0 );
+      /* pBt->nPage might be zero if the database was corrupt when
+      ** the transaction was started. Otherwise, it must be at least 1.  */
+      assert( CORRUPT_DB || pBt->nPage>0 );
     }
     sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
   }
@@ -66916,10 +69087,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSavepoint(Btree *p, int op, int iSavepoint){
 ** is set.  If FORDELETE is set, that is a hint to the implementation that
 ** this cursor will only be used to seek to and delete entries of an index
 ** as part of a larger DELETE statement.  The FORDELETE hint is not used by
-** this implementation.  But in a hypothetical alternative storage engine 
+** this implementation.  But in a hypothetical alternative storage engine
 ** in which index entries are automatically deleted when corresponding table
 ** rows are deleted, the FORDELETE flag is a hint that all SEEK and DELETE
-** operations on this cursor can be no-ops and all READ operations can 
+** operations on this cursor can be no-ops and all READ operations can
 ** return a null row (2-bytes: 0x01 0x00).
 **
 ** No checking is done to make sure that page iTable really is the
@@ -66931,7 +69102,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSavepoint(Btree *p, int op, int iSavepoint){
 */
 static int btreeCursor(
   Btree *p,                              /* The btree */
-  int iTable,                            /* Root page of table to open */
+  Pgno iTable,                           /* Root page of table to open */
   int wrFlag,                            /* 1 to write. 0 read-only */
   struct KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,              /* First arg to comparison function */
   BtCursor *pCur                         /* Space for new cursor */
@@ -66940,16 +69111,17 @@ static int btreeCursor(
   BtCursor *pX;                          /* Looping over other all cursors */
 
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
-  assert( wrFlag==0 
-       || wrFlag==BTREE_WRCSR 
-       || wrFlag==(BTREE_WRCSR|BTREE_FORDELETE) 
+  assert( wrFlag==0
+       || wrFlag==BTREE_WRCSR
+       || wrFlag==(BTREE_WRCSR|BTREE_FORDELETE)
   );
 
-  /* The following assert statements verify that if this is a sharable 
-  ** b-tree database, the connection is holding the required table locks, 
-  ** and that no other connection has any open cursor that conflicts with 
-  ** this lock.  */
-  assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(p, iTable, pKeyInfo!=0, (wrFlag?2:1)) );
+  /* The following assert statements verify that if this is a sharable
+  ** b-tree database, the connection is holding the required table locks,
+  ** and that no other connection has any open cursor that conflicts with
+  ** this lock.  The iTable<1 term disables the check for corrupt schemas. */
+  assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(p, iTable, pKeyInfo!=0, (wrFlag?2:1))
+          || iTable<1 );
   assert( wrFlag==0 || !hasReadConflicts(p, iTable) );
 
   /* Assert that the caller has opened the required transaction. */
@@ -66962,14 +69134,18 @@ static int btreeCursor(
     allocateTempSpace(pBt);
     if( pBt->pTmpSpace==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
-  if( iTable==1 && btreePagecount(pBt)==0 ){
-    assert( wrFlag==0 );
-    iTable = 0;
+  if( iTable<=1 ){
+    if( iTable<1 ){
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    }else if( btreePagecount(pBt)==0 ){
+      assert( wrFlag==0 );
+      iTable = 0;
+    }
   }
 
   /* Now that no other errors can occur, finish filling in the BtCursor
   ** variables and link the cursor into the BtShared list.  */
-  pCur->pgnoRoot = (Pgno)iTable;
+  pCur->pgnoRoot = iTable;
   pCur->iPage = -1;
   pCur->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo;
   pCur->pBtree = p;
@@ -66979,7 +69155,7 @@ static int btreeCursor(
   /* If there are two or more cursors on the same btree, then all such
   ** cursors *must* have the BTCF_Multiple flag set. */
   for(pX=pBt->pCursor; pX; pX=pX->pNext){
-    if( pX->pgnoRoot==(Pgno)iTable ){
+    if( pX->pgnoRoot==iTable ){
       pX->curFlags |= BTCF_Multiple;
       pCur->curFlags |= BTCF_Multiple;
     }
@@ -66989,22 +69165,31 @@ static int btreeCursor(
   pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
+static int btreeCursorWithLock(
+  Btree *p,                              /* The btree */
+  Pgno iTable,                           /* Root page of table to open */
+  int wrFlag,                            /* 1 to write. 0 read-only */
+  struct KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,              /* First arg to comparison function */
+  BtCursor *pCur                         /* Space for new cursor */
+){
+  int rc;
+  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
+  rc = btreeCursor(p, iTable, wrFlag, pKeyInfo, pCur);
+  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
+  return rc;
+}
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursor(
   Btree *p,                                   /* The btree */
-  int iTable,                                 /* Root page of table to open */
+  Pgno iTable,                                /* Root page of table to open */
   int wrFlag,                                 /* 1 to write. 0 read-only */
   struct KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,                   /* First arg to xCompare() */
   BtCursor *pCur                              /* Write new cursor here */
 ){
-  int rc;
-  if( iTable<1 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+  if( p->sharable ){
+    return btreeCursorWithLock(p, iTable, wrFlag, pKeyInfo, pCur);
   }else{
-    sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-    rc = btreeCursor(p, iTable, wrFlag, pKeyInfo, pCur);
-    sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
+    return btreeCursor(p, iTable, wrFlag, pKeyInfo, pCur);
   }
-  return rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -67058,6 +69243,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCloseCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
     sqlite3_free(pCur->aOverflow);
     sqlite3_free(pCur->pKey);
     sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBtree);
+    pCur->pBtree = 0;
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -67126,6 +69312,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeIntegerKey(BtCursor *pCur){
   return pCur->info.nKey;
 }
 
+/*
+** Pin or unpin a cursor.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCursorPin(BtCursor *pCur){
+  assert( (pCur->curFlags & BTCF_Pinned)==0 );
+  pCur->curFlags |= BTCF_Pinned;
+}
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCursorUnpin(BtCursor *pCur){
+  assert( (pCur->curFlags & BTCF_Pinned)!=0 );
+  pCur->curFlags &= ~BTCF_Pinned;
+}
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
 /*
 ** Return the offset into the database file for the start of the
@@ -67156,17 +69354,36 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3BtreePayloadSize(BtCursor *pCur){
   return pCur->info.nPayload;
 }
 
+/*
+** Return an upper bound on the size of any record for the table
+** that the cursor is pointing into.
+**
+** This is an optimization.  Everything will still work if this
+** routine always returns 2147483647 (which is the largest record
+** that SQLite can handle) or more.  But returning a smaller value might
+** prevent large memory allocations when trying to interpret a
+** corrupt datrabase.
+**
+** The current implementation merely returns the size of the underlying
+** database file.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_int64 sqlite3BtreeMaxRecordSize(BtCursor *pCur){
+  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
+  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
+  return pCur->pBt->pageSize * (sqlite3_int64)pCur->pBt->nPage;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Given the page number of an overflow page in the database (parameter
-** ovfl), this function finds the page number of the next page in the 
+** ovfl), this function finds the page number of the next page in the
 ** linked list of overflow pages. If possible, it uses the auto-vacuum
-** pointer-map data instead of reading the content of page ovfl to do so. 
+** pointer-map data instead of reading the content of page ovfl to do so.
 **
 ** If an error occurs an SQLite error code is returned. Otherwise:
 **
-** The page number of the next overflow page in the linked list is 
-** written to *pPgnoNext. If page ovfl is the last page in its linked 
-** list, *pPgnoNext is set to zero. 
+** The page number of the next overflow page in the linked list is
+** written to *pPgnoNext. If page ovfl is the last page in its linked
+** list, *pPgnoNext is set to zero.
 **
 ** If ppPage is not NULL, and a reference to the MemPage object corresponding
 ** to page number pOvfl was obtained, then *ppPage is set to point to that
@@ -67190,9 +69407,9 @@ static int getOverflowPage(
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
   /* Try to find the next page in the overflow list using the
-  ** autovacuum pointer-map pages. Guess that the next page in 
-  ** the overflow list is page number (ovfl+1). If that guess turns 
-  ** out to be wrong, fall back to loading the data of page 
+  ** autovacuum pointer-map pages. Guess that the next page in
+  ** the overflow list is page number (ovfl+1). If that guess turns
+  ** out to be wrong, fall back to loading the data of page
   ** number ovfl to determine the next page number.
   */
   if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
@@ -67280,8 +69497,8 @@ static int copyPayload(
 **
 ** If the current cursor entry uses one or more overflow pages
 ** this function may allocate space for and lazily populate
-** the overflow page-list cache array (BtCursor.aOverflow). 
-** Subsequent calls use this cache to make seeking to the supplied offset 
+** the overflow page-list cache array (BtCursor.aOverflow).
+** Subsequent calls use this cache to make seeking to the supplied offset
 ** more efficient.
 **
 ** Once an overflow page-list cache has been allocated, it must be
@@ -67297,7 +69514,7 @@ static int accessPayload(
   BtCursor *pCur,      /* Cursor pointing to entry to read from */
   u32 offset,          /* Begin reading this far into payload */
   u32 amt,             /* Read this many bytes */
-  unsigned char *pBuf, /* Write the bytes into this buffer */ 
+  unsigned char *pBuf, /* Write the bytes into this buffer */
   int eOp              /* zero to read. non-zero to write. */
 ){
   unsigned char *aPayload;
@@ -67388,6 +69605,7 @@ static int accessPayload(
     assert( rc==SQLITE_OK && amt>0 );
     while( nextPage ){
       /* If required, populate the overflow page-list cache. */
+      if( nextPage > pBt->nPage ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
       assert( pCur->aOverflow[iIdx]==0
               || pCur->aOverflow[iIdx]==nextPage
               || CORRUPT_DB );
@@ -67412,9 +69630,6 @@ static int accessPayload(
         /* Need to read this page properly. It contains some of the
         ** range of data that is being read (eOp==0) or written (eOp!=0).
         */
-#ifdef SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
-        sqlite3_file *fd;      /* File from which to do direct overflow read */
-#endif
         int a = amt;
         if( a + offset > ovflSize ){
           a = ovflSize - offset;
@@ -67423,12 +69638,12 @@ static int accessPayload(
 #ifdef SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
         /* If all the following are true:
         **
-        **   1) this is a read operation, and 
+        **   1) this is a read operation, and
         **   2) data is required from the start of this overflow page, and
-        **   3) there is no open write-transaction, and
+        **   3) there are no dirty pages in the page-cache
         **   4) the database is file-backed, and
         **   5) the page is not in the WAL file
-        **   6) at least 4 bytes have already been read into the output buffer 
+        **   6) at least 4 bytes have already been read into the output buffer
         **
         ** then data can be read directly from the database file into the
         ** output buffer, bypassing the page-cache altogether. This speeds
@@ -67436,16 +69651,16 @@ static int accessPayload(
         */
         if( eOp==0                                             /* (1) */
          && offset==0                                          /* (2) */
-         && pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_READ                     /* (3) */
-         && (fd = sqlite3PagerFile(pBt->pPager))->pMethods     /* (4) */
-         && 0==sqlite3PagerUseWal(pBt->pPager, nextPage)       /* (5) */
+         && sqlite3PagerDirectReadOk(pBt->pPager, nextPage)    /* (3,4,5) */
          && &pBuf[-4]>=pBufStart                               /* (6) */
         ){
+          sqlite3_file *fd = sqlite3PagerFile(pBt->pPager);
           u8 aSave[4];
           u8 *aWrite = &pBuf[-4];
           assert( aWrite>=pBufStart );                         /* due to (6) */
           memcpy(aSave, aWrite, 4);
           rc = sqlite3OsRead(fd, aWrite, a+4, (i64)pBt->pageSize*(nextPage-1));
+          if( rc && nextPage>pBt->nPage ) rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
           nextPage = get4byte(aWrite);
           memcpy(aWrite, aSave, 4);
         }else
@@ -67536,7 +69751,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePayloadChecked(BtCursor *pCur, u32 offset, u32 am
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB */
 
 /*
-** Return a pointer to payload information from the entry that the 
+** Return a pointer to payload information from the entry that the
 ** pCur cursor is pointing to.  The pointer is to the beginning of
 ** the key if index btrees (pPage->intKey==0) and is the data for
 ** table btrees (pPage->intKey==1). The number of bytes of available
@@ -67628,7 +69843,7 @@ static int moveToChild(BtCursor *pCur, u32 newPgno){
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 /*
-** Page pParent is an internal (non-leaf) tree page. This function 
+** Page pParent is an internal (non-leaf) tree page. This function
 ** asserts that page number iChild is the left-child if the iIdx'th
 ** cell in page pParent. Or, if iIdx is equal to the total number of
 ** cells in pParent, that page number iChild is the right-child of
@@ -67645,7 +69860,7 @@ static void assertParentIndex(MemPage *pParent, int iIdx, Pgno iChild){
   }
 }
 #else
-#  define assertParentIndex(x,y,z) 
+#  define assertParentIndex(x,y,z)
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -67663,8 +69878,8 @@ static void moveToParent(BtCursor *pCur){
   assert( pCur->iPage>0 );
   assert( pCur->pPage );
   assertParentIndex(
-    pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage-1], 
-    pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage-1], 
+    pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage-1],
+    pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage-1],
     pCur->pPage->pgno
   );
   testcase( pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage-1] > pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage-1]->nCell );
@@ -67681,19 +69896,19 @@ static void moveToParent(BtCursor *pCur){
 **
 ** If the table has a virtual root page, then the cursor is moved to point
 ** to the virtual root page instead of the actual root page. A table has a
-** virtual root page when the actual root page contains no cells and a 
+** virtual root page when the actual root page contains no cells and a
 ** single child page. This can only happen with the table rooted at page 1.
 **
-** If the b-tree structure is empty, the cursor state is set to 
+** If the b-tree structure is empty, the cursor state is set to
 ** CURSOR_INVALID and this routine returns SQLITE_EMPTY. Otherwise,
 ** the cursor is set to point to the first cell located on the root
 ** (or virtual root) page and the cursor state is set to CURSOR_VALID.
 **
 ** If this function returns successfully, it may be assumed that the
-** page-header flags indicate that the [virtual] root-page is the expected 
+** page-header flags indicate that the [virtual] root-page is the expected
 ** kind of b-tree page (i.e. if when opening the cursor the caller did not
 ** specify a KeyInfo structure the flags byte is set to 0x05 or 0x0D,
-** indicating a table b-tree, or if the caller did specify a KeyInfo 
+** indicating a table b-tree, or if the caller did specify a KeyInfo
 ** structure the flags byte is set to 0x02 or 0x0A, indicating an index
 ** b-tree).
 */
@@ -67744,19 +69959,19 @@ static int moveToRoot(BtCursor *pCur){
   /* If pCur->pKeyInfo is not NULL, then the caller that opened this cursor
   ** expected to open it on an index b-tree. Otherwise, if pKeyInfo is
   ** NULL, the caller expects a table b-tree. If this is not the case,
-  ** return an SQLITE_CORRUPT error. 
+  ** return an SQLITE_CORRUPT error.
   **
   ** Earlier versions of SQLite assumed that this test could not fail
   ** if the root page was already loaded when this function was called (i.e.
-  ** if pCur->iPage>=0). But this is not so if the database is corrupted 
-  ** in such a way that page pRoot is linked into a second b-tree table 
+  ** if pCur->iPage>=0). But this is not so if the database is corrupted
+  ** in such a way that page pRoot is linked into a second b-tree table
   ** (or the freelist).  */
   assert( pRoot->intKey==1 || pRoot->intKey==0 );
   if( pRoot->isInit==0 || (pCur->pKeyInfo==0)!=pRoot->intKey ){
     return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pCur->pPage);
   }
 
-skip_init:  
+skip_init:
   pCur->ix = 0;
   pCur->info.nSize = 0;
   pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_AtLast|BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);
@@ -67850,37 +70065,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeFirst(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
   return rc;
 }
 
-/*
-** This function is a no-op if cursor pCur does not point to a valid row.
-** Otherwise, if pCur is valid, configure it so that the next call to
-** sqlite3BtreeNext() is a no-op.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeSkipNext(BtCursor *pCur){
-  /* We believe that the cursor must always be in the valid state when
-  ** this routine is called, but the proof is difficult, so we add an
-  ** ALWaYS() test just in case we are wrong. */
-  if( ALWAYS(pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID) ){
-    pCur->eState = CURSOR_SKIPNEXT;
-    pCur->skipNext = 1;
-  }
-}
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC */
-
 /* Move the cursor to the last entry in the table.  Return SQLITE_OK
 ** on success.  Set *pRes to 0 if the cursor actually points to something
 ** or set *pRes to 1 if the table is empty.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLast(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
   int rc;
- 
+
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
 
   /* If the cursor already points to the last entry, this is a no-op. */
   if( CURSOR_VALID==pCur->eState && (pCur->curFlags & BTCF_AtLast)!=0 ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    /* This block serves to assert() that the cursor really does point 
+    /* This block serves to assert() that the cursor really does point
     ** to the last entry in the b-tree. */
     int ii;
     for(ii=0; ii<pCur->iPage; ii++){
@@ -67889,6 +70087,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLast(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
     assert( pCur->ix==pCur->pPage->nCell-1 );
     assert( pCur->pPage->leaf );
 #endif
+    *pRes = 0;
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
 
@@ -67910,10 +70109,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLast(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* Move the cursor so that it points to an entry near the key 
+/* Move the cursor so that it points to an entry near the key
 ** specified by pIdxKey or intKey.   Return a success code.
 **
-** For INTKEY tables, the intKey parameter is used.  pIdxKey 
+** For INTKEY tables, the intKey parameter is used.  pIdxKey
 ** must be NULL.  For index tables, pIdxKey is used and intKey
 ** is ignored.
 **
@@ -67923,7 +70122,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLast(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
 ** before or after the key.
 **
 ** An integer is written into *pRes which is the result of
-** comparing the key with the entry to which the cursor is 
+** comparing the key with the entry to which the cursor is
 ** pointing.  The meaning of the integer written into
 ** *pRes is as follows:
 **
@@ -67938,7 +70137,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLast(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
 **                  is larger than intKey/pIdxKey.
 **
 ** For index tables, the pIdxKey->eqSeen field is set to 1 if there
-** exists an entry in the table that exactly matches pIdxKey.  
+** exists an entry in the table that exactly matches pIdxKey.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(
   BtCursor *pCur,          /* The cursor to be moved */
@@ -67974,7 +70173,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(
       ** try to get there using sqlite3BtreeNext() rather than a full
       ** binary search.  This is an optimization only.  The correct answer
       ** is still obtained without this case, only a little more slowely */
-      if( pCur->info.nKey+1==intKey && !pCur->skipNext ){
+      if( pCur->info.nKey+1==intKey ){
         *pRes = 0;
         rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pCur, 0);
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -67991,11 +70190,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(
     }
   }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  pCur->pBtree->nSeek++;   /* Performance measurement during testing */
+#endif
+
   if( pIdxKey ){
     xRecordCompare = sqlite3VdbeFindCompare(pIdxKey);
     pIdxKey->errCode = 0;
-    assert( pIdxKey->default_rc==1 
-         || pIdxKey->default_rc==0 
+    assert( pIdxKey->default_rc==1
+         || pIdxKey->default_rc==0
          || pIdxKey->default_rc==-1
     );
   }else{
@@ -68079,9 +70282,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(
         /* The maximum supported page-size is 65536 bytes. This means that
         ** the maximum number of record bytes stored on an index B-Tree
         ** page is less than 16384 bytes and may be stored as a 2-byte
-        ** varint. This information is used to attempt to avoid parsing 
-        ** the entire cell by checking for the cases where the record is 
-        ** stored entirely within the b-tree page by inspecting the first 
+        ** varint. This information is used to attempt to avoid parsing
+        ** the entire cell by checking for the cases where the record is
+        ** stored entirely within the b-tree page by inspecting the first
         ** 2 bytes of the cell.
         */
         nCell = pCell[0];
@@ -68091,10 +70294,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(
           ** b-tree page.  */
           testcase( pCell+nCell+1==pPage->aDataEnd );
           c = xRecordCompare(nCell, (void*)&pCell[1], pIdxKey);
-        }else if( !(pCell[1] & 0x80) 
+        }else if( !(pCell[1] & 0x80)
           && (nCell = ((nCell&0x7f)<<7) + pCell[1])<=pPage->maxLocal
         ){
-          /* The record-size field is a 2 byte varint and the record 
+          /* The record-size field is a 2 byte varint and the record
           ** fits entirely on the main b-tree page.  */
           testcase( pCell+nCell+2==pPage->aDataEnd );
           c = xRecordCompare(nCell, (void*)&pCell[2], pIdxKey);
@@ -68102,40 +70305,42 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(
           /* The record flows over onto one or more overflow pages. In
           ** this case the whole cell needs to be parsed, a buffer allocated
           ** and accessPayload() used to retrieve the record into the
-          ** buffer before VdbeRecordCompare() can be called. 
+          ** buffer before VdbeRecordCompare() can be called.
           **
           ** If the record is corrupt, the xRecordCompare routine may read
-          ** up to two varints past the end of the buffer. An extra 18 
+          ** up to two varints past the end of the buffer. An extra 18
           ** bytes of padding is allocated at the end of the buffer in
           ** case this happens.  */
           void *pCellKey;
           u8 * const pCellBody = pCell - pPage->childPtrSize;
+          const int nOverrun = 18;  /* Size of the overrun padding */
           pPage->xParseCell(pPage, pCellBody, &pCur->info);
           nCell = (int)pCur->info.nKey;
           testcase( nCell<0 );   /* True if key size is 2^32 or more */
           testcase( nCell==0 );  /* Invalid key size:  0x80 0x80 0x00 */
           testcase( nCell==1 );  /* Invalid key size:  0x80 0x80 0x01 */
           testcase( nCell==2 );  /* Minimum legal index key size */
-          if( nCell<2 ){
+          if( nCell<2 || nCell/pCur->pBt->usableSize>pCur->pBt->nPage ){
             rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
             goto moveto_finish;
           }
-          pCellKey = sqlite3Malloc( nCell+18 );
+          pCellKey = sqlite3Malloc( nCell+nOverrun );
           if( pCellKey==0 ){
             rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
             goto moveto_finish;
           }
           pCur->ix = (u16)idx;
           rc = accessPayload(pCur, 0, nCell, (unsigned char*)pCellKey, 0);
+          memset(((u8*)pCellKey)+nCell,0,nOverrun); /* Fix uninit warnings */
           pCur->curFlags &= ~BTCF_ValidOvfl;
           if( rc ){
             sqlite3_free(pCellKey);
             goto moveto_finish;
           }
-          c = xRecordCompare(nCell, pCellKey, pIdxKey);
+          c = sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(nCell, pCellKey, pIdxKey);
           sqlite3_free(pCellKey);
         }
-        assert( 
+        assert(
             (pIdxKey->errCode!=SQLITE_CORRUPT || c==0)
          && (pIdxKey->errCode!=SQLITE_NOMEM || pCur->pBtree->db->mallocFailed)
         );
@@ -68199,7 +70404,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeEof(BtCursor *pCur){
 
 /*
 ** Return an estimate for the number of rows in the table that pCur is
-** pointing to.  Return a negative number if no estimate is currently 
+** pointing to.  Return a negative number if no estimate is currently
 ** available.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeRowCountEst(BtCursor *pCur){
@@ -68223,7 +70428,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeRowCountEst(BtCursor *pCur){
 }
 
 /*
-** Advance the cursor to the next entry in the database. 
+** Advance the cursor to the next entry in the database.
 ** Return value:
 **
 **    SQLITE_OK        success
@@ -68248,7 +70453,6 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreeNext(BtCursor *pCur){
   MemPage *pPage;
 
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
-  assert( pCur->skipNext==0 || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID );
   if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ){
     assert( (pCur->curFlags & BTCF_ValidOvfl)==0 );
     rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
@@ -68258,20 +70462,15 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreeNext(BtCursor *pCur){
     if( CURSOR_INVALID==pCur->eState ){
       return SQLITE_DONE;
     }
-    if( pCur->skipNext ){
-      assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID || pCur->eState==CURSOR_SKIPNEXT );
+    if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_SKIPNEXT ){
       pCur->eState = CURSOR_VALID;
-      if( pCur->skipNext>0 ){
-        pCur->skipNext = 0;
-        return SQLITE_OK;
-      }
-      pCur->skipNext = 0;
+      if( pCur->skipNext>0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
     }
   }
 
   pPage = pCur->pPage;
   idx = ++pCur->ix;
-  if( !pPage->isInit ){
+  if( !pPage->isInit || sqlite3FaultSim(412) ){
     /* The only known way for this to happen is for there to be a
     ** recursive SQL function that does a DELETE operation as part of a
     ** SELECT which deletes content out from under an active cursor
@@ -68282,12 +70481,15 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreeNext(BtCursor *pCur){
     return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
   }
 
-  /* If the database file is corrupt, it is possible for the value of idx 
+  /* If the database file is corrupt, it is possible for the value of idx
   ** to be invalid here. This can only occur if a second cursor modifies
   ** the page while cursor pCur is holding a reference to it. Which can
   ** only happen if the database is corrupt in such a way as to link the
-  ** page into more than one b-tree structure. */
-  testcase( idx>pPage->nCell );
+  ** page into more than one b-tree structure.
+  **
+  ** Update 2019-12-23: appears to long longer be possible after the
+  ** addition of anotherValidCursor() condition on balance_deeper().  */
+  harmless( idx>pPage->nCell );
 
   if( idx>=pPage->nCell ){
     if( !pPage->leaf ){
@@ -68320,7 +70522,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNext(BtCursor *pCur, int flags){
   UNUSED_PARAMETER( flags );  /* Used in COMDB2 but not native SQLite */
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
   assert( flags==0 || flags==1 );
-  assert( pCur->skipNext==0 || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID );
   pCur->info.nSize = 0;
   pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);
   if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ) return btreeNext(pCur);
@@ -68361,7 +70562,6 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur){
   MemPage *pPage;
 
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
-  assert( pCur->skipNext==0 || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID );
   assert( (pCur->curFlags & (BTCF_AtLast|BTCF_ValidOvfl|BTCF_ValidNKey))==0 );
   assert( pCur->info.nSize==0 );
   if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ){
@@ -68372,14 +70572,9 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur){
     if( CURSOR_INVALID==pCur->eState ){
       return SQLITE_DONE;
     }
-    if( pCur->skipNext ){
-      assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID || pCur->eState==CURSOR_SKIPNEXT );
+    if( CURSOR_SKIPNEXT==pCur->eState ){
       pCur->eState = CURSOR_VALID;
-      if( pCur->skipNext<0 ){
-        pCur->skipNext = 0;
-        return SQLITE_OK;
-      }
-      pCur->skipNext = 0;
+      if( pCur->skipNext<0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
     }
   }
 
@@ -68414,7 +70609,6 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur, int flags){
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
   assert( flags==0 || flags==1 );
-  assert( pCur->skipNext==0 || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID );
   UNUSED_PARAMETER( flags );  /* Used in COMDB2 but not native SQLite */
   pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_AtLast|BTCF_ValidOvfl|BTCF_ValidNKey);
   pCur->info.nSize = 0;
@@ -68439,7 +70633,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur, int flags){
 ** SQLITE_OK is returned on success.  Any other return value indicates
 ** an error.  *ppPage is set to NULL in the event of an error.
 **
-** If the "nearby" parameter is not 0, then an effort is made to 
+** If the "nearby" parameter is not 0, then an effort is made to
 ** locate a page close to the page number "nearby".  This can be used in an
 ** attempt to keep related pages close to each other in the database file,
 ** which in turn can make database access faster.
@@ -68481,7 +70675,7 @@ static int allocateBtreePage(
     Pgno iTrunk;
     u8 searchList = 0; /* If the free-list must be searched for 'nearby' */
     u32 nSearch = 0;   /* Count of the number of search attempts */
-    
+
     /* If eMode==BTALLOC_EXACT and a query of the pointer-map
     ** shows that the page 'nearby' is somewhere on the free-list, then
     ** the entire-list will be searched for that page.
@@ -68544,8 +70738,8 @@ static int allocateBtreePage(
       ** is the number of leaf page pointers to follow. */
       k = get4byte(&pTrunk->aData[4]);
       if( k==0 && !searchList ){
-        /* The trunk has no leaves and the list is not being searched. 
-        ** So extract the trunk page itself and use it as the newly 
+        /* The trunk has no leaves and the list is not being searched.
+        ** So extract the trunk page itself and use it as the newly
         ** allocated page */
         assert( pPrevTrunk==0 );
         rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pTrunk->pDbPage);
@@ -68562,8 +70756,8 @@ static int allocateBtreePage(
         rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(iTrunk);
         goto end_allocate_page;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-      }else if( searchList 
-            && (nearby==iTrunk || (iTrunk<nearby && eMode==BTALLOC_LE)) 
+      }else if( searchList
+            && (nearby==iTrunk || (iTrunk<nearby && eMode==BTALLOC_LE))
       ){
         /* The list is being searched and this trunk page is the page
         ** to allocate, regardless of whether it has leaves.
@@ -68586,13 +70780,13 @@ static int allocateBtreePage(
             memcpy(&pPrevTrunk->aData[0], &pTrunk->aData[0], 4);
           }
         }else{
-          /* The trunk page is required by the caller but it contains 
+          /* The trunk page is required by the caller but it contains
           ** pointers to free-list leaves. The first leaf becomes a trunk
           ** page in this case.
           */
           MemPage *pNewTrunk;
           Pgno iNewTrunk = get4byte(&pTrunk->aData[8]);
-          if( iNewTrunk>mxPage ){ 
+          if( iNewTrunk>mxPage ){
             rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(iTrunk);
             goto end_allocate_page;
           }
@@ -68662,8 +70856,8 @@ static int allocateBtreePage(
           goto end_allocate_page;
         }
         testcase( iPage==mxPage );
-        if( !searchList 
-         || (iPage==nearby || (iPage<nearby && eMode==BTALLOC_LE)) 
+        if( !searchList
+         || (iPage==nearby || (iPage<nearby && eMode==BTALLOC_LE))
         ){
           int noContent;
           *pPgno = iPage;
@@ -68704,7 +70898,7 @@ static int allocateBtreePage(
     ** not set the no-content flag. This causes the pager to load and journal
     ** the current page content before overwriting it.
     **
-    ** Note that the pager will not actually attempt to load or journal 
+    ** Note that the pager will not actually attempt to load or journal
     ** content for any page that really does lie past the end of the database
     ** file on disk. So the effects of disabling the no-content optimization
     ** here are confined to those pages that lie between the end of the
@@ -68750,7 +70944,7 @@ static int allocateBtreePage(
     TRACE(("ALLOCATE: %d from end of file\n", *pPgno));
   }
 
-  assert( *pPgno!=PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) );
+  assert( CORRUPT_DB || *pPgno!=PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) );
 
 end_allocate_page:
   releasePage(pTrunk);
@@ -68761,12 +70955,12 @@ end_allocate_page:
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is used to add page iPage to the database file free-list. 
+** This function is used to add page iPage to the database file free-list.
 ** It is assumed that the page is not already a part of the free-list.
 **
 ** The value passed as the second argument to this function is optional.
-** If the caller happens to have a pointer to the MemPage object 
-** corresponding to page iPage handy, it may pass it as the second value. 
+** If the caller happens to have a pointer to the MemPage object
+** corresponding to page iPage handy, it may pass it as the second value.
 ** Otherwise, it may pass NULL.
 **
 ** If a pointer to a MemPage object is passed as the second argument,
@@ -68774,17 +70968,19 @@ end_allocate_page:
 */
 static int freePage2(BtShared *pBt, MemPage *pMemPage, Pgno iPage){
   MemPage *pTrunk = 0;                /* Free-list trunk page */
-  Pgno iTrunk = 0;                    /* Page number of free-list trunk page */ 
+  Pgno iTrunk = 0;                    /* Page number of free-list trunk page */
   MemPage *pPage1 = pBt->pPage1;      /* Local reference to page 1 */
   MemPage *pPage;                     /* Page being freed. May be NULL. */
   int rc;                             /* Return Code */
-  int nFree;                          /* Initial number of pages on free-list */
+  u32 nFree;                          /* Initial number of pages on free-list */
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
   assert( CORRUPT_DB || iPage>1 );
   assert( !pMemPage || pMemPage->pgno==iPage );
 
-  if( iPage<2 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+  if( iPage<2 || iPage>pBt->nPage ){
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+  }
   if( pMemPage ){
     pPage = pMemPage;
     sqlite3PagerRef(pPage->pDbPage);
@@ -68829,6 +71025,10 @@ static int freePage2(BtShared *pBt, MemPage *pMemPage, Pgno iPage){
     u32 nLeaf;                /* Initial number of leaf cells on trunk page */
 
     iTrunk = get4byte(&pPage1->aData[32]);
+    if( iTrunk>btreePagecount(pBt) ){
+      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      goto freepage_out;
+    }
     rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, iTrunk, &pTrunk, 0);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       goto freepage_out;
@@ -68876,7 +71076,7 @@ static int freePage2(BtShared *pBt, MemPage *pMemPage, Pgno iPage){
 
   /* If control flows to this point, then it was not possible to add the
   ** the page being freed as a leaf page of the first trunk in the free-list.
-  ** Possibly because the free-list is empty, or possibly because the 
+  ** Possibly because the free-list is empty, or possibly because the
   ** first trunk in the free-list is full. Either way, the page being freed
   ** will become the new first trunk page in the free-list.
   */
@@ -68937,15 +71137,15 @@ static int clearCell(
   assert( pBt->usableSize > 4 );
   ovflPageSize = pBt->usableSize - 4;
   nOvfl = (pInfo->nPayload - pInfo->nLocal + ovflPageSize - 1)/ovflPageSize;
-  assert( nOvfl>0 || 
+  assert( nOvfl>0 ||
     (CORRUPT_DB && (pInfo->nPayload + ovflPageSize)<ovflPageSize)
   );
   while( nOvfl-- ){
     Pgno iNext = 0;
     MemPage *pOvfl = 0;
     if( ovflPgno<2 || ovflPgno>btreePagecount(pBt) ){
-      /* 0 is not a legal page number and page 1 cannot be an 
-      ** overflow page. Therefore if ovflPgno<2 or past the end of the 
+      /* 0 is not a legal page number and page 1 cannot be an
+      ** overflow page. Therefore if ovflPgno<2 or past the end of the
       ** file the database must be corrupt. */
       return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
     }
@@ -68957,11 +71157,11 @@ static int clearCell(
     if( ( pOvfl || ((pOvfl = btreePageLookup(pBt, ovflPgno))!=0) )
      && sqlite3PagerPageRefcount(pOvfl->pDbPage)!=1
     ){
-      /* There is no reason any cursor should have an outstanding reference 
+      /* There is no reason any cursor should have an outstanding reference
       ** to an overflow page belonging to a cell that is being deleted/updated.
-      ** So if there exists more than one reference to this page, then it 
-      ** must not really be an overflow page and the database must be corrupt. 
-      ** It is helpful to detect this before calling freePage2(), as 
+      ** So if there exists more than one reference to this page, then it
+      ** must not really be an overflow page and the database must be corrupt.
+      ** It is helpful to detect this before calling freePage2(), as
       ** freePage2() may zero the page contents if secure-delete mode is
       ** enabled. If this 'overflow' page happens to be a page that the
       ** caller is iterating through or using in some other way, this
@@ -69032,7 +71232,7 @@ static int fillInCell(
     pSrc = pX->pKey;
     nHeader += putVarint32(&pCell[nHeader], nPayload);
   }
-  
+
   /* Fill in the payload */
   pPayload = &pCell[nHeader];
   if( nPayload<=pPage->maxLocal ){
@@ -69123,8 +71323,8 @@ static int fillInCell(
       if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
         do{
           pgnoOvfl++;
-        } while( 
-          PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, pgnoOvfl) || pgnoOvfl==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) 
+        } while(
+          PTRMAP_ISPAGE(pBt, pgnoOvfl) || pgnoOvfl==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt)
         );
       }
 #endif
@@ -69132,9 +71332,9 @@ static int fillInCell(
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
       /* If the database supports auto-vacuum, and the second or subsequent
       ** overflow page is being allocated, add an entry to the pointer-map
-      ** for that page now. 
+      ** for that page now.
       **
-      ** If this is the first overflow page, then write a partial entry 
+      ** If this is the first overflow page, then write a partial entry
       ** to the pointer-map. If we write nothing to this pointer-map slot,
       ** then the optimistic overflow chain processing in clearCell()
       ** may misinterpret the uninitialized values and delete the
@@ -69195,6 +71395,7 @@ static void dropCell(MemPage *pPage, int idx, int sz, int *pRC){
   assert( CORRUPT_DB || sz==cellSize(pPage, idx) );
   assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
+  assert( pPage->nFree>=0 );
   data = pPage->aData;
   ptr = &pPage->aCellIdx[2*idx];
   pc = get2byte(ptr);
@@ -69232,8 +71433,8 @@ static void dropCell(MemPage *pPage, int idx, int sz, int *pRC){
 ** will not fit, then make a copy of the cell content into pTemp if
 ** pTemp is not null.  Regardless of pTemp, allocate a new entry
 ** in pPage->apOvfl[] and make it point to the cell content (either
-** in pTemp or the original pCell) and also record its index. 
-** Allocating a new entry in pPage->aCell[] implies that 
+** in pTemp or the original pCell) and also record its index.
+** Allocating a new entry in pPage->aCell[] implies that
 ** pPage->nOverflow is incremented.
 **
 ** *pRC must be SQLITE_OK when this routine is called.
@@ -69259,12 +71460,8 @@ static void insertCell(
   assert( pPage->nOverflow<=ArraySize(pPage->apOvfl) );
   assert( ArraySize(pPage->apOvfl)==ArraySize(pPage->aiOvfl) );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  /* The cell should normally be sized correctly.  However, when moving a
-  ** malformed cell from a leaf page to an interior page, if the cell size
-  ** wanted to be less than 4 but got rounded up to 4 on the leaf, then size
-  ** might be less than 8 (leaf-size + pointer) on the interior node.  Hence
-  ** the term after the || in the following assert(). */
-  assert( sz==pPage->xCellSize(pPage, pCell) || (sz==8 && iChild>0) );
+  assert( sz==pPage->xCellSize(pPage, pCell) || CORRUPT_DB );
+  assert( pPage->nFree>=0 );
   if( pPage->nOverflow || sz+2>pPage->nFree ){
     if( pTemp ){
       memcpy(pTemp, pCell, sz);
@@ -69305,9 +71502,16 @@ static void insertCell(
     assert( idx >= pPage->cellOffset+2*pPage->nCell+2 || CORRUPT_DB );
     assert( idx+sz <= (int)pPage->pBt->usableSize );
     pPage->nFree -= (u16)(2 + sz);
-    memcpy(&data[idx], pCell, sz);
     if( iChild ){
+      /* In a corrupt database where an entry in the cell index section of
+      ** a btree page has a value of 3 or less, the pCell value might point
+      ** as many as 4 bytes in front of the start of the aData buffer for
+      ** the source page.  Make sure this does not cause problems by not
+      ** reading the first 4 bytes */
+      memcpy(&data[idx+4], pCell+4, sz-4);
       put4byte(&data[idx], iChild);
+    }else{
+      memcpy(&data[idx], pCell, sz);
     }
     pIns = pPage->aCellIdx + i*2;
     memmove(pIns+2, pIns, 2*(pPage->nCell - i));
@@ -69315,21 +71519,100 @@ static void insertCell(
     pPage->nCell++;
     /* increment the cell count */
     if( (++data[pPage->hdrOffset+4])==0 ) data[pPage->hdrOffset+3]++;
-    assert( get2byte(&data[pPage->hdrOffset+3])==pPage->nCell );
+    assert( get2byte(&data[pPage->hdrOffset+3])==pPage->nCell || CORRUPT_DB );
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
     if( pPage->pBt->autoVacuum ){
       /* The cell may contain a pointer to an overflow page. If so, write
       ** the entry for the overflow page into the pointer map.
       */
-      ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pPage, pCell, pRC);
+      ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pPage, pPage, pCell, pRC);
     }
 #endif
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** The following parameters determine how many adjacent pages get involved
+** in a balancing operation.  NN is the number of neighbors on either side
+** of the page that participate in the balancing operation.  NB is the
+** total number of pages that participate, including the target page and
+** NN neighbors on either side.
+**
+** The minimum value of NN is 1 (of course).  Increasing NN above 1
+** (to 2 or 3) gives a modest improvement in SELECT and DELETE performance
+** in exchange for a larger degradation in INSERT and UPDATE performance.
+** The value of NN appears to give the best results overall.
+**
+** (Later:) The description above makes it seem as if these values are
+** tunable - as if you could change them and recompile and it would all work.
+** But that is unlikely.  NB has been 3 since the inception of SQLite and
+** we have never tested any other value.
+*/
+#define NN 1             /* Number of neighbors on either side of pPage */
+#define NB 3             /* (NN*2+1): Total pages involved in the balance */
+
 /*
 ** A CellArray object contains a cache of pointers and sizes for a
 ** consecutive sequence of cells that might be held on multiple pages.
+**
+** The cells in this array are the divider cell or cells from the pParent
+** page plus up to three child pages.  There are a total of nCell cells.
+**
+** pRef is a pointer to one of the pages that contributes cells.  This is
+** used to access information such as MemPage.intKey and MemPage.pBt->pageSize
+** which should be common to all pages that contribute cells to this array.
+**
+** apCell[] and szCell[] hold, respectively, pointers to the start of each
+** cell and the size of each cell.  Some of the apCell[] pointers might refer
+** to overflow cells.  In other words, some apCel[] pointers might not point
+** to content area of the pages.
+**
+** A szCell[] of zero means the size of that cell has not yet been computed.
+**
+** The cells come from as many as four different pages:
+**
+**             -----------
+**             | Parent  |
+**             -----------
+**            /     |     \
+**           /      |      \
+**  ---------   ---------   ---------
+**  |Child-1|   |Child-2|   |Child-3|
+**  ---------   ---------   ---------
+**
+** The order of cells is in the array is for an index btree is:
+**
+**       1.  All cells from Child-1 in order
+**       2.  The first divider cell from Parent
+**       3.  All cells from Child-2 in order
+**       4.  The second divider cell from Parent
+**       5.  All cells from Child-3 in order
+**
+** For a table-btree (with rowids) the items 2 and 4 are empty because
+** content exists only in leaves and there are no divider cells.
+**
+** For an index btree, the apEnd[] array holds pointer to the end of page
+** for Child-1, the Parent, Child-2, the Parent (again), and Child-3,
+** respectively. The ixNx[] array holds the number of cells contained in
+** each of these 5 stages, and all stages to the left.  Hence:
+**
+**    ixNx[0] = Number of cells in Child-1.
+**    ixNx[1] = Number of cells in Child-1 plus 1 for first divider.
+**    ixNx[2] = Number of cells in Child-1 and Child-2 + 1 for 1st divider.
+**    ixNx[3] = Number of cells in Child-1 and Child-2 + both divider cells
+**    ixNx[4] = Total number of cells.
+**
+** For a table-btree, the concept is similar, except only apEnd[0]..apEnd[2]
+** are used and they point to the leaf pages only, and the ixNx value are:
+**
+**    ixNx[0] = Number of cells in Child-1.
+**    ixNx[1] = Number of cells in Child-1 and Child-2.
+**    ixNx[2] = Total number of cells.
+**
+** Sometimes when deleting, a child page can have zero cells.  In those
+** cases, ixNx[] entries with higher indexes, and the corresponding apEnd[]
+** entries, shift down.  The end result is that each ixNx[] entry should
+** be larger than the previous
 */
 typedef struct CellArray CellArray;
 struct CellArray {
@@ -69337,6 +71620,8 @@ struct CellArray {
   MemPage *pRef;          /* Reference page */
   u8 **apCell;            /* All cells begin balanced */
   u16 *szCell;            /* Local size of all cells in apCell[] */
+  u8 *apEnd[NB*2];        /* MemPage.aDataEnd values */
+  int ixNx[NB*2];         /* Index of at which we move to the next apEnd[] */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -69374,49 +71659,72 @@ static u16 cachedCellSize(CellArray *p, int N){
 }
 
 /*
-** Array apCell[] contains pointers to nCell b-tree page cells. The 
+** Array apCell[] contains pointers to nCell b-tree page cells. The
 ** szCell[] array contains the size in bytes of each cell. This function
 ** replaces the current contents of page pPg with the contents of the cell
 ** array.
 **
 ** Some of the cells in apCell[] may currently be stored in pPg. This
-** function works around problems caused by this by making a copy of any 
+** function works around problems caused by this by making a copy of any
 ** such cells before overwriting the page data.
 **
-** The MemPage.nFree field is invalidated by this function. It is the 
+** The MemPage.nFree field is invalidated by this function. It is the
 ** responsibility of the caller to set it correctly.
 */
 static int rebuildPage(
-  MemPage *pPg,                   /* Edit this page */
+  CellArray *pCArray,             /* Content to be added to page pPg */
+  int iFirst,                     /* First cell in pCArray to use */
   int nCell,                      /* Final number of cells on page */
-  u8 **apCell,                    /* Array of cells */
-  u16 *szCell                     /* Array of cell sizes */
+  MemPage *pPg                    /* The page to be reconstructed */
 ){
   const int hdr = pPg->hdrOffset;          /* Offset of header on pPg */
   u8 * const aData = pPg->aData;           /* Pointer to data for pPg */
   const int usableSize = pPg->pBt->usableSize;
   u8 * const pEnd = &aData[usableSize];
-  int i;
+  int i = iFirst;                 /* Which cell to copy from pCArray*/
+  u32 j;                          /* Start of cell content area */
+  int iEnd = i+nCell;             /* Loop terminator */
   u8 *pCellptr = pPg->aCellIdx;
   u8 *pTmp = sqlite3PagerTempSpace(pPg->pBt->pPager);
   u8 *pData;
+  int k;                          /* Current slot in pCArray->apEnd[] */
+  u8 *pSrcEnd;                    /* Current pCArray->apEnd[k] value */
+
+  assert( i<iEnd );
+  j = get2byte(&aData[hdr+5]);
+  if( NEVER(j>(u32)usableSize) ){ j = 0; }
+  memcpy(&pTmp[j], &aData[j], usableSize - j);
 
-  i = get2byte(&aData[hdr+5]);
-  memcpy(&pTmp[i], &aData[i], usableSize - i);
+  for(k=0; pCArray->ixNx[k]<=i && ALWAYS(k<NB*2); k++){}
+  pSrcEnd = pCArray->apEnd[k];
 
   pData = pEnd;
-  for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
-    u8 *pCell = apCell[i];
+  while( 1/*exit by break*/ ){
+    u8 *pCell = pCArray->apCell[i];
+    u16 sz = pCArray->szCell[i];
+    assert( sz>0 );
     if( SQLITE_WITHIN(pCell,aData,pEnd) ){
+      if( ((uptr)(pCell+sz))>(uptr)pEnd ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
       pCell = &pTmp[pCell - aData];
+    }else if( (uptr)(pCell+sz)>(uptr)pSrcEnd
+           && (uptr)(pCell)<(uptr)pSrcEnd
+    ){
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
     }
-    pData -= szCell[i];
+
+    pData -= sz;
     put2byte(pCellptr, (pData - aData));
     pCellptr += 2;
     if( pData < pCellptr ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    memcpy(pData, pCell, szCell[i]);
-    assert( szCell[i]==pPg->xCellSize(pPg, pCell) || CORRUPT_DB );
-    testcase( szCell[i]!=pPg->xCellSize(pPg,pCell) );
+    memcpy(pData, pCell, sz);
+    assert( sz==pPg->xCellSize(pPg, pCell) || CORRUPT_DB );
+    testcase( sz!=pPg->xCellSize(pPg,pCell) )
+    i++;
+    if( i>=iEnd ) break;
+    if( pCArray->ixNx[k]<=i ){
+      k++;
+      pSrcEnd = pCArray->apEnd[k];
+    }
   }
 
   /* The pPg->nFree field is now set incorrectly. The caller will fix it. */
@@ -69431,12 +71739,11 @@ static int rebuildPage(
 }
 
 /*
-** Array apCell[] contains nCell pointers to b-tree cells. Array szCell
-** contains the size in bytes of each such cell. This function attempts to 
-** add the cells stored in the array to page pPg. If it cannot (because 
-** the page needs to be defragmented before the cells will fit), non-zero
-** is returned. Otherwise, if the cells are added successfully, zero is
-** returned.
+** The pCArray objects contains pointers to b-tree cells and the cell sizes.
+** This function attempts to add the cells stored in the array to page pPg.
+** If it cannot (because the page needs to be defragmented before the cells
+** will fit), non-zero is returned. Otherwise, if the cells are added
+** successfully, zero is returned.
 **
 ** Argument pCellptr points to the first entry in the cell-pointer array
 ** (part of page pPg) to populate. After cell apCell[0] is written to the
@@ -69444,7 +71751,7 @@ static int rebuildPage(
 ** cell in the array. It is the responsibility of the caller to ensure
 ** that it is safe to overwrite this part of the cell-pointer array.
 **
-** When this function is called, *ppData points to the start of the 
+** When this function is called, *ppData points to the start of the
 ** content area on page pPg. If the size of the content area is extended,
 ** *ppData is updated to point to the new start of the content area
 ** before returning.
@@ -69458,21 +71765,27 @@ static int rebuildPage(
 static int pageInsertArray(
   MemPage *pPg,                   /* Page to add cells to */
   u8 *pBegin,                     /* End of cell-pointer array */
-  u8 **ppData,                    /* IN/OUT: Page content -area pointer */
+  u8 **ppData,                    /* IN/OUT: Page content-area pointer */
   u8 *pCellptr,                   /* Pointer to cell-pointer area */
   int iFirst,                     /* Index of first cell to add */
   int nCell,                      /* Number of cells to add to pPg */
   CellArray *pCArray              /* Array of cells */
 ){
-  int i;
-  u8 *aData = pPg->aData;
-  u8 *pData = *ppData;
-  int iEnd = iFirst + nCell;
+  int i = iFirst;                 /* Loop counter - cell index to insert */
+  u8 *aData = pPg->aData;         /* Complete page */
+  u8 *pData = *ppData;            /* Content area.  A subset of aData[] */
+  int iEnd = iFirst + nCell;      /* End of loop. One past last cell to ins */
+  int k;                          /* Current slot in pCArray->apEnd[] */
+  u8 *pEnd;                       /* Maximum extent of cell data */
   assert( CORRUPT_DB || pPg->hdrOffset==0 );    /* Never called on page 1 */
-  for(i=iFirst; i<iEnd; i++){
+  if( iEnd<=iFirst ) return 0;
+  for(k=0; pCArray->ixNx[k]<=i && ALWAYS(k<NB*2); k++){}
+  pEnd = pCArray->apEnd[k];
+  while( 1 /*Exit by break*/ ){
     int sz, rc;
     u8 *pSlot;
-    sz = cachedCellSize(pCArray, i);
+    assert( pCArray->szCell[i]!=0 );
+    sz = pCArray->szCell[i];
     if( (aData[1]==0 && aData[2]==0) || (pSlot = pageFindSlot(pPg,sz,&rc))==0 ){
       if( (pData - pBegin)<sz ) return 1;
       pData -= sz;
@@ -69484,20 +71797,33 @@ static int pageInsertArray(
     assert( (pSlot+sz)<=pCArray->apCell[i]
          || pSlot>=(pCArray->apCell[i]+sz)
          || CORRUPT_DB );
+    if( (uptr)(pCArray->apCell[i]+sz)>(uptr)pEnd
+     && (uptr)(pCArray->apCell[i])<(uptr)pEnd
+    ){
+      assert( CORRUPT_DB );
+      (void)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      return 1;
+    }
     memmove(pSlot, pCArray->apCell[i], sz);
     put2byte(pCellptr, (pSlot - aData));
     pCellptr += 2;
+    i++;
+    if( i>=iEnd ) break;
+    if( pCArray->ixNx[k]<=i ){
+      k++;
+      pEnd = pCArray->apEnd[k];
+    }
   }
   *ppData = pData;
   return 0;
 }
 
 /*
-** Array apCell[] contains nCell pointers to b-tree cells. Array szCell 
-** contains the size in bytes of each such cell. This function adds the
-** space associated with each cell in the array that is currently stored 
-** within the body of pPg to the pPg free-list. The cell-pointers and other
-** fields of the page are not updated.
+** The pCArray object contains pointers to b-tree cells and their sizes.
+**
+** This function adds the space associated with each cell in the array
+** that is currently stored within the body of pPg to the pPg free-list.
+** The cell-pointers and other fields of the page are not updated.
 **
 ** This function returns the total number of cells added to the free-list.
 */
@@ -69547,9 +71873,9 @@ static int pageFreeArray(
 }
 
 /*
-** apCell[] and szCell[] contains pointers to and sizes of all cells in the
-** pages being balanced.  The current page, pPg, has pPg->nCell cells starting
-** with apCell[iOld].  After balancing, this page should hold nNew cells
+** pCArray contains pointers to and sizes of all cells in the page being
+** balanced.  The current page, pPg, has pPg->nCell cells starting with
+** pCArray->apCell[iOld].  After balancing, this page should hold nNew cells
 ** starting at apCell[iNew].
 **
 ** This routine makes the necessary adjustments to pPg so that it contains
@@ -69581,13 +71907,17 @@ static int editPage(
 #endif
 
   /* Remove cells from the start and end of the page */
+  assert( nCell>=0 );
   if( iOld<iNew ){
     int nShift = pageFreeArray(pPg, iOld, iNew-iOld, pCArray);
+    if( NEVER(nShift>nCell) ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
     memmove(pPg->aCellIdx, &pPg->aCellIdx[nShift*2], nCell*2);
     nCell -= nShift;
   }
   if( iNewEnd < iOldEnd ){
-    nCell -= pageFreeArray(pPg, iNewEnd, iOldEnd - iNewEnd, pCArray);
+    int nTail = pageFreeArray(pPg, iNewEnd, iOldEnd - iNewEnd, pCArray);
+    assert( nCell>=nTail );
+    nCell -= nTail;
   }
 
   pData = &aData[get2byteNotZero(&aData[hdr+5])];
@@ -69597,6 +71927,7 @@ static int editPage(
   if( iNew<iOld ){
     int nAdd = MIN(nNew,iOld-iNew);
     assert( (iOld-iNew)<nNew || nCell==0 || CORRUPT_DB );
+    assert( nAdd>=0 );
     pCellptr = pPg->aCellIdx;
     memmove(&pCellptr[nAdd*2], pCellptr, nCell*2);
     if( pageInsertArray(
@@ -69611,8 +71942,11 @@ static int editPage(
     int iCell = (iOld + pPg->aiOvfl[i]) - iNew;
     if( iCell>=0 && iCell<nNew ){
       pCellptr = &pPg->aCellIdx[iCell * 2];
-      memmove(&pCellptr[2], pCellptr, (nCell - iCell) * 2);
+      if( nCell>iCell ){
+        memmove(&pCellptr[2], pCellptr, (nCell - iCell) * 2);
+      }
       nCell++;
+      cachedCellSize(pCArray, iCell+iNew);
       if( pageInsertArray(
             pPg, pBegin, &pData, pCellptr,
             iCell+iNew, 1, pCArray
@@ -69621,6 +71955,7 @@ static int editPage(
   }
 
   /* Append cells to the end of the page */
+  assert( nCell>=0 );
   pCellptr = &pPg->aCellIdx[nCell*2];
   if( pageInsertArray(
         pPg, pBegin, &pData, pCellptr,
@@ -69649,24 +71984,9 @@ static int editPage(
  editpage_fail:
   /* Unable to edit this page. Rebuild it from scratch instead. */
   populateCellCache(pCArray, iNew, nNew);
-  return rebuildPage(pPg, nNew, &pCArray->apCell[iNew], &pCArray->szCell[iNew]);
+  return rebuildPage(pCArray, iNew, nNew, pPg);
 }
 
-/*
-** The following parameters determine how many adjacent pages get involved
-** in a balancing operation.  NN is the number of neighbors on either side
-** of the page that participate in the balancing operation.  NB is the
-** total number of pages that participate, including the target page and
-** NN neighbors on either side.
-**
-** The minimum value of NN is 1 (of course).  Increasing NN above 1
-** (to 2 or 3) gives a modest improvement in SELECT and DELETE performance
-** in exchange for a larger degradation in INSERT and UPDATE performance.
-** The value of NN appears to give the best results overall.
-*/
-#define NN 1             /* Number of neighbors on either side of pPage */
-#define NB (NN*2+1)      /* Total pages involved in the balance */
-
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_QUICKBALANCE
 /*
@@ -69702,10 +72022,11 @@ static int balance_quick(MemPage *pParent, MemPage *pPage, u8 *pSpace){
   assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pParent->pDbPage) );
   assert( pPage->nOverflow==1 );
 
-  /* This error condition is now caught prior to reaching this function */
-  if( NEVER(pPage->nCell==0) ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+  if( pPage->nCell==0 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;  /* dbfuzz001.test */
+  assert( pPage->nFree>=0 );
+  assert( pParent->nFree>=0 );
 
-  /* Allocate a new page. This page will become the right-sibling of 
+  /* Allocate a new page. This page will become the right-sibling of
   ** pPage. Make the parent page writable, so that the new divider cell
   ** may be inserted. If both these operations are successful, proceed.
   */
@@ -69717,16 +72038,26 @@ static int balance_quick(MemPage *pParent, MemPage *pPage, u8 *pSpace){
     u8 *pCell = pPage->apOvfl[0];
     u16 szCell = pPage->xCellSize(pPage, pCell);
     u8 *pStop;
+    CellArray b;
 
     assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pNew->pDbPage) );
-    assert( pPage->aData[0]==(PTF_INTKEY|PTF_LEAFDATA|PTF_LEAF) );
+    assert( CORRUPT_DB || pPage->aData[0]==(PTF_INTKEY|PTF_LEAFDATA|PTF_LEAF) );
     zeroPage(pNew, PTF_INTKEY|PTF_LEAFDATA|PTF_LEAF);
-    rc = rebuildPage(pNew, 1, &pCell, &szCell);
-    if( NEVER(rc) ) return rc;
+    b.nCell = 1;
+    b.pRef = pPage;
+    b.apCell = &pCell;
+    b.szCell = &szCell;
+    b.apEnd[0] = pPage->aDataEnd;
+    b.ixNx[0] = 2;
+    rc = rebuildPage(&b, 0, 1, pNew);
+    if( NEVER(rc) ){
+      releasePage(pNew);
+      return rc;
+    }
     pNew->nFree = pBt->usableSize - pNew->cellOffset - 2 - szCell;
 
     /* If this is an auto-vacuum database, update the pointer map
-    ** with entries for the new page, and any pointer from the 
+    ** with entries for the new page, and any pointer from the
     ** cell on the page to an overflow page. If either of these
     ** operations fails, the return code is set, but the contents
     ** of the parent page are still manipulated by thh code below.
@@ -69737,17 +72068,17 @@ static int balance_quick(MemPage *pParent, MemPage *pPage, u8 *pSpace){
     if( ISAUTOVACUUM ){
       ptrmapPut(pBt, pgnoNew, PTRMAP_BTREE, pParent->pgno, &rc);
       if( szCell>pNew->minLocal ){
-        ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pNew, pCell, &rc);
+        ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pNew, pNew, pCell, &rc);
       }
     }
-  
+
     /* Create a divider cell to insert into pParent. The divider cell
     ** consists of a 4-byte page number (the page number of pPage) and
     ** a variable length key value (which must be the same value as the
     ** largest key on pPage).
     **
-    ** To find the largest key value on pPage, first find the right-most 
-    ** cell on pPage. The first two fields of this cell are the 
+    ** To find the largest key value on pPage, first find the right-most
+    ** cell on pPage. The first two fields of this cell are the
     ** record-length (a variable length integer at most 32-bits in size)
     ** and the key value (a variable length integer, may have any value).
     ** The first of the while(...) loops below skips over the record-length
@@ -69768,7 +72099,7 @@ static int balance_quick(MemPage *pParent, MemPage *pPage, u8 *pSpace){
 
     /* Set the right-child pointer of pParent to point to the new page. */
     put4byte(&pParent->aData[pParent->hdrOffset+8], pgnoNew);
-  
+
     /* Release the reference to the new page. */
     releasePage(pNew);
   }
@@ -69780,7 +72111,7 @@ static int balance_quick(MemPage *pParent, MemPage *pPage, u8 *pSpace){
 #if 0
 /*
 ** This function does not contribute anything to the operation of SQLite.
-** it is sometimes activated temporarily while debugging code responsible 
+** it is sometimes activated temporarily while debugging code responsible
 ** for setting pointer-map entries.
 */
 static int ptrmapCheckPages(MemPage **apPage, int nPage){
@@ -69795,7 +72126,7 @@ static int ptrmapCheckPages(MemPage **apPage, int nPage){
     for(j=0; j<pPage->nCell; j++){
       CellInfo info;
       u8 *z;
-     
+
       z = findCell(pPage, j);
       pPage->xParseCell(pPage, z, &info);
       if( info.nLocal<info.nPayload ){
@@ -69820,7 +72151,7 @@ static int ptrmapCheckPages(MemPage **apPage, int nPage){
 #endif
 
 /*
-** This function is used to copy the contents of the b-tree node stored 
+** This function is used to copy the contents of the b-tree node stored
 ** on page pFrom to page pTo. If page pFrom was not a leaf page, then
 ** the pointer-map entries for each child page are updated so that the
 ** parent page stored in the pointer map is page pTo. If pFrom contained
@@ -69828,11 +72159,11 @@ static int ptrmapCheckPages(MemPage **apPage, int nPage){
 ** map entries are also updated so that the parent page is page pTo.
 **
 ** If pFrom is currently carrying any overflow cells (entries in the
-** MemPage.apOvfl[] array), they are not copied to pTo. 
+** MemPage.apOvfl[] array), they are not copied to pTo.
 **
 ** Before returning, page pTo is reinitialized using btreeInitPage().
 **
-** The performance of this function is not critical. It is only used by 
+** The performance of this function is not critical. It is only used by
 ** the balance_shallower() and balance_deeper() procedures, neither of
 ** which are called often under normal circumstances.
 */
@@ -69845,29 +72176,30 @@ static void copyNodeContent(MemPage *pFrom, MemPage *pTo, int *pRC){
     int const iToHdr = ((pTo->pgno==1) ? 100 : 0);
     int rc;
     int iData;
-  
-  
+
+
     assert( pFrom->isInit );
     assert( pFrom->nFree>=iToHdr );
     assert( get2byte(&aFrom[iFromHdr+5]) <= (int)pBt->usableSize );
-  
+
     /* Copy the b-tree node content from page pFrom to page pTo. */
     iData = get2byte(&aFrom[iFromHdr+5]);
     memcpy(&aTo[iData], &aFrom[iData], pBt->usableSize-iData);
     memcpy(&aTo[iToHdr], &aFrom[iFromHdr], pFrom->cellOffset + 2*pFrom->nCell);
-  
+
     /* Reinitialize page pTo so that the contents of the MemPage structure
     ** match the new data. The initialization of pTo can actually fail under
-    ** fairly obscure circumstances, even though it is a copy of initialized 
+    ** fairly obscure circumstances, even though it is a copy of initialized
     ** page pFrom.
     */
     pTo->isInit = 0;
     rc = btreeInitPage(pTo);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = btreeComputeFreeSpace(pTo);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       *pRC = rc;
       return;
     }
-  
+
     /* If this is an auto-vacuum database, update the pointer-map entries
     ** for any b-tree or overflow pages that pTo now contains the pointers to.
     */
@@ -69882,13 +72214,13 @@ static void copyNodeContent(MemPage *pFrom, MemPage *pTo, int *pRC){
 ** (hereafter "the page") and up to 2 siblings so that all pages have about the
 ** same amount of free space. Usually a single sibling on either side of the
 ** page are used in the balancing, though both siblings might come from one
-** side if the page is the first or last child of its parent. If the page 
+** side if the page is the first or last child of its parent. If the page
 ** has fewer than 2 siblings (something which can only happen if the page
 ** is a root page or a child of a root page) then all available siblings
 ** participate in the balancing.
 **
-** The number of siblings of the page might be increased or decreased by 
-** one or two in an effort to keep pages nearly full but not over full. 
+** The number of siblings of the page might be increased or decreased by
+** one or two in an effort to keep pages nearly full but not over full.
 **
 ** Note that when this routine is called, some of the cells on the page
 ** might not actually be stored in MemPage.aData[]. This can happen
@@ -69899,7 +72231,7 @@ static void copyNodeContent(MemPage *pFrom, MemPage *pTo, int *pRC){
 ** inserted into or removed from the parent page (pParent). Doing so
 ** may cause the parent page to become overfull or underfull. If this
 ** happens, it is the responsibility of the caller to invoke the correct
-** balancing routine to fix this problem (see the balance() routine). 
+** balancing routine to fix this problem (see the balance() routine).
 **
 ** If this routine fails for any reason, it might leave the database
 ** in a corrupted state. So if this routine fails, the database should
@@ -69914,7 +72246,7 @@ static void copyNodeContent(MemPage *pFrom, MemPage *pTo, int *pRC){
 ** of the page-size, the aOvflSpace[] buffer is guaranteed to be large
 ** enough for all overflow cells.
 **
-** If aOvflSpace is set to a null pointer, this function returns 
+** If aOvflSpace is set to a null pointer, this function returns
 ** SQLITE_NOMEM.
 */
 static int balance_nonroot(
@@ -69960,12 +72292,8 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
   assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pParent->pDbPage) );
 
-#if 0
-  TRACE(("BALANCE: begin page %d child of %d\n", pPage->pgno, pParent->pgno));
-#endif
-
   /* At this point pParent may have at most one overflow cell. And if
-  ** this overflow cell is present, it must be the cell with 
+  ** this overflow cell is present, it must be the cell with
   ** index iParentIdx. This scenario comes about when this function
   ** is called (indirectly) from sqlite3BtreeDelete().
   */
@@ -69975,12 +72303,13 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
   if( !aOvflSpace ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
+  assert( pParent->nFree>=0 );
 
-  /* Find the sibling pages to balance. Also locate the cells in pParent 
-  ** that divide the siblings. An attempt is made to find NN siblings on 
-  ** either side of pPage. More siblings are taken from one side, however, 
+  /* Find the sibling pages to balance. Also locate the cells in pParent
+  ** that divide the siblings. An attempt is made to find NN siblings on
+  ** either side of pPage. More siblings are taken from one side, however,
   ** if there are fewer than NN siblings on the other side. If pParent
-  ** has NB or fewer children then all children of pParent are taken.  
+  ** has NB or fewer children then all children of pParent are taken.
   **
   ** This loop also drops the divider cells from the parent page. This
   ** way, the remainder of the function does not have to deal with any
@@ -69992,7 +72321,7 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
     nxDiv = 0;
   }else{
     assert( bBulk==0 || bBulk==1 );
-    if( iParentIdx==0 ){                 
+    if( iParentIdx==0 ){
       nxDiv = 0;
     }else if( iParentIdx==i ){
       nxDiv = i-2+bBulk;
@@ -70014,7 +72343,13 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
       memset(apOld, 0, (i+1)*sizeof(MemPage*));
       goto balance_cleanup;
     }
-    nMaxCells += 1+apOld[i]->nCell+apOld[i]->nOverflow;
+    if( apOld[i]->nFree<0 ){
+      rc = btreeComputeFreeSpace(apOld[i]);
+      if( rc ){
+        memset(apOld, 0, (i)*sizeof(MemPage*));
+        goto balance_cleanup;
+      }
+    }
     if( (i--)==0 ) break;
 
     if( pParent->nOverflow && i+nxDiv==pParent->aiOvfl[0] ){
@@ -70032,7 +72367,7 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
       ** This is safe because dropping a cell only overwrites the first
       ** four bytes of it, and this function does not need the first
       ** four bytes of the divider cell. So the pointer is safe to use
-      ** later on.  
+      ** later on.
       **
       ** But not if we are in secure-delete mode. In secure-delete mode,
       ** the dropCell() routine will overwrite the entire cell with zeroes.
@@ -70058,6 +72393,7 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
 
   /* Make nMaxCells a multiple of 4 in order to preserve 8-byte
   ** alignment */
+  nMaxCells = nOld*(MX_CELL(pBt) + ArraySize(pParent->apOvfl));
   nMaxCells = (nMaxCells + 3)&~3;
 
   /*
@@ -70068,7 +72404,7 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
      + nMaxCells*sizeof(u16)                       /* b.szCell */
      + pBt->pageSize;                              /* aSpace1 */
 
-  assert( szScratch<=6*(int)pBt->pageSize );
+  assert( szScratch<=7*(int)pBt->pageSize );
   b.apCell = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(0, szScratch );
   if( b.apCell==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
@@ -70104,6 +72440,7 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
     u16 maskPage = pOld->maskPage;
     u8 *piCell = aData + pOld->cellOffset;
     u8 *piEnd;
+    VVA_ONLY( int nCellAtStart = b.nCell; )
 
     /* Verify that all sibling pages are of the same "type" (table-leaf,
     ** table-interior, index-leaf, or index-interior).
@@ -70132,6 +72469,10 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
     */
     memset(&b.szCell[b.nCell], 0, sizeof(b.szCell[0])*(limit+pOld->nOverflow));
     if( pOld->nOverflow>0 ){
+      if( NEVER(limit<pOld->aiOvfl[0]) ){
+        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        goto balance_cleanup;
+      }
       limit = pOld->aiOvfl[0];
       for(j=0; j<limit; j++){
         b.apCell[b.nCell] = aData + (maskPage & get2byteAligned(piCell));
@@ -70151,6 +72492,7 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
       piCell += 2;
       b.nCell++;
     }
+    assert( (b.nCell-nCellAtStart)==(pOld->nCell+pOld->nOverflow) );
 
     cntOld[i] = b.nCell;
     if( i<nOld-1 && !leafData){
@@ -70191,7 +72533,7 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
   ** Figure out the number of pages needed to hold all b.nCell cells.
   ** Store this number in "k".  Also compute szNew[] which is the total
   ** size of all cells on the i-th page and cntNew[] which is the index
-  ** in b.apCell[] of the cell that divides page i from page i+1.  
+  ** in b.apCell[] of the cell that divides page i from page i+1.
   ** cntNew[k] should equal b.nCell.
   **
   ** Values computed by this block:
@@ -70201,11 +72543,22 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
   **   cntNew[i]: Index in b.apCell[] and b.szCell[] for the first cell to
   **              the right of the i-th sibling page.
   ** usableSpace: Number of bytes of space available on each sibling.
-  ** 
+  **
   */
   usableSpace = pBt->usableSize - 12 + leafCorrection;
-  for(i=0; i<nOld; i++){
+  for(i=k=0; i<nOld; i++, k++){
     MemPage *p = apOld[i];
+    b.apEnd[k] = p->aDataEnd;
+    b.ixNx[k] = cntOld[i];
+    if( k && b.ixNx[k]==b.ixNx[k-1] ){
+      k--;  /* Omit b.ixNx[] entry for child pages with no cells */
+    }
+    if( !leafData ){
+      k++;
+      b.apEnd[k] = pParent->aDataEnd;
+      b.ixNx[k] = cntOld[i]+1;
+    }
+    assert( p->nFree>=0 );
     szNew[i] = usableSpace - p->nFree;
     for(j=0; j<p->nOverflow; j++){
       szNew[i] += 2 + p->xCellSize(p, p->apOvfl[j]);
@@ -70344,15 +72697,15 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
   }
 
   /*
-  ** Reassign page numbers so that the new pages are in ascending order. 
+  ** Reassign page numbers so that the new pages are in ascending order.
   ** This helps to keep entries in the disk file in order so that a scan
-  ** of the table is closer to a linear scan through the file. That in turn 
+  ** of the table is closer to a linear scan through the file. That in turn
   ** helps the operating system to deliver pages from the disk more rapidly.
   **
-  ** An O(n^2) insertion sort algorithm is used, but since n is never more 
+  ** An O(n^2) insertion sort algorithm is used, but since n is never more
   ** than (NB+2) (a small constant), that should not be a problem.
   **
-  ** When NB==3, this one optimization makes the database about 25% faster 
+  ** When NB==3, this one optimization makes the database about 25% faster
   ** for large insertions and deletions.
   */
   for(i=0; i<nNew; i++){
@@ -70361,7 +72714,7 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
     for(j=0; j<i; j++){
       if( aPgno[j]==aPgno[i] ){
         /* This branch is taken if the set of sibling pages somehow contains
-        ** duplicate entries. This can happen if the database is corrupt. 
+        ** duplicate entries. This can happen if the database is corrupt.
         ** It would be simpler to detect this as part of the loop below, but
         ** we do the detection here in order to avoid populating the pager
         ** cache with two separate objects associated with the same
@@ -70402,17 +72755,19 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
   ));
 
   assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pParent->pDbPage) );
+  assert( nNew>=1 && nNew<=ArraySize(apNew) );
+  assert( apNew[nNew-1]!=0 );
   put4byte(pRight, apNew[nNew-1]->pgno);
 
   /* If the sibling pages are not leaves, ensure that the right-child pointer
-  ** of the right-most new sibling page is set to the value that was 
+  ** of the right-most new sibling page is set to the value that was
   ** originally in the same field of the right-most old sibling page. */
   if( (pageFlags & PTF_LEAF)==0 && nOld!=nNew ){
     MemPage *pOld = (nNew>nOld ? apNew : apOld)[nOld-1];
     memcpy(&apNew[nNew-1]->aData[8], &pOld->aData[8], 4);
   }
 
-  /* Make any required updates to pointer map entries associated with 
+  /* Make any required updates to pointer map entries associated with
   ** cells stored on sibling pages following the balance operation. Pointer
   ** map entries associated with divider cells are set by the insertCell()
   ** routine. The associated pointer map entries are:
@@ -70423,25 +72778,26 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
   **   b) if the sibling pages are not leaves, the child page associated
   **      with the cell.
   **
-  ** If the sibling pages are not leaves, then the pointer map entry 
-  ** associated with the right-child of each sibling may also need to be 
-  ** updated. This happens below, after the sibling pages have been 
+  ** If the sibling pages are not leaves, then the pointer map entry
+  ** associated with the right-child of each sibling may also need to be
+  ** updated. This happens below, after the sibling pages have been
   ** populated, not here.
   */
   if( ISAUTOVACUUM ){
-    MemPage *pNew = apNew[0];
-    u8 *aOld = pNew->aData;
+    MemPage *pOld;
+    MemPage *pNew = pOld = apNew[0];
     int cntOldNext = pNew->nCell + pNew->nOverflow;
-    int usableSize = pBt->usableSize;
     int iNew = 0;
     int iOld = 0;
 
     for(i=0; i<b.nCell; i++){
       u8 *pCell = b.apCell[i];
-      if( i==cntOldNext ){
-        MemPage *pOld = (++iOld)<nNew ? apNew[iOld] : apOld[iOld];
+      while( i==cntOldNext ){
+        iOld++;
+        assert( iOld<nNew || iOld<nOld );
+        assert( iOld>=0 && iOld<NB );
+        pOld = iOld<nNew ? apNew[iOld] : apOld[iOld];
         cntOldNext += pOld->nCell + pOld->nOverflow + !leafData;
-        aOld = pOld->aData;
       }
       if( i==cntNew[iNew] ){
         pNew = apNew[++iNew];
@@ -70449,20 +72805,20 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
       }
 
       /* Cell pCell is destined for new sibling page pNew. Originally, it
-      ** was either part of sibling page iOld (possibly an overflow cell), 
+      ** was either part of sibling page iOld (possibly an overflow cell),
       ** or else the divider cell to the left of sibling page iOld. So,
       ** if sibling page iOld had the same page number as pNew, and if
       ** pCell really was a part of sibling page iOld (not a divider or
       ** overflow cell), we can skip updating the pointer map entries.  */
       if( iOld>=nNew
        || pNew->pgno!=aPgno[iOld]
-       || !SQLITE_WITHIN(pCell,aOld,&aOld[usableSize])
+       || !SQLITE_WITHIN(pCell,pOld->aData,pOld->aDataEnd)
       ){
         if( !leafCorrection ){
           ptrmapPut(pBt, get4byte(pCell), PTRMAP_BTREE, pNew->pgno, &rc);
         }
         if( cachedCellSize(&b,i)>pNew->minLocal ){
-          ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pNew, pCell, &rc);
+          ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pNew, pOld, pCell, &rc);
         }
         if( rc ) goto balance_cleanup;
       }
@@ -70485,9 +72841,9 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
     if( !pNew->leaf ){
       memcpy(&pNew->aData[8], pCell, 4);
     }else if( leafData ){
-      /* If the tree is a leaf-data tree, and the siblings are leaves, 
-      ** then there is no divider cell in b.apCell[]. Instead, the divider 
-      ** cell consists of the integer key for the right-most cell of 
+      /* If the tree is a leaf-data tree, and the siblings are leaves,
+      ** then there is no divider cell in b.apCell[]. Instead, the divider
+      ** cell consists of the integer key for the right-most cell of
       ** the sibling-page assembled above only.
       */
       CellInfo info;
@@ -70500,9 +72856,9 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
       pCell -= 4;
       /* Obscure case for non-leaf-data trees: If the cell at pCell was
       ** previously stored on a leaf node, and its reported size was 4
-      ** bytes, then it may actually be smaller than this 
+      ** bytes, then it may actually be smaller than this
       ** (see btreeParseCellPtr(), 4 bytes is the minimum size of
-      ** any cell). But it is important to pass the correct size to 
+      ** any cell). But it is important to pass the correct size to
       ** insertCell(), so reparse the cell now.
       **
       ** This can only happen for b-trees used to evaluate "IN (SELECT ...)"
@@ -70594,8 +72950,8 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
     ** b-tree structure by one. This is described as the "balance-shallower"
     ** sub-algorithm in some documentation.
     **
-    ** If this is an auto-vacuum database, the call to copyNodeContent() 
-    ** sets all pointer-map entries corresponding to database image pages 
+    ** If this is an auto-vacuum database, the call to copyNodeContent()
+    ** sets all pointer-map entries corresponding to database image pages
     ** for which the pointer is stored within the content being copied.
     **
     ** It is critical that the child page be defragmented before being
@@ -70606,8 +72962,9 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
     assert( nNew==1 || CORRUPT_DB );
     rc = defragmentPage(apNew[0], -1);
     testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-    assert( apNew[0]->nFree == 
-        (get2byte(&apNew[0]->aData[5])-apNew[0]->cellOffset-apNew[0]->nCell*2)
+    assert( apNew[0]->nFree ==
+        (get2byteNotZero(&apNew[0]->aData[5]) - apNew[0]->cellOffset
+          - apNew[0]->nCell*2)
       || rc!=SQLITE_OK
     );
     copyNodeContent(apNew[0], pParent, &rc);
@@ -70635,7 +72992,7 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
 #if 0
   if( ISAUTOVACUUM && rc==SQLITE_OK && apNew[0]->isInit ){
     /* The ptrmapCheckPages() contains assert() statements that verify that
-    ** all pointer map pages are set correctly. This is helpful while 
+    ** all pointer map pages are set correctly. This is helpful while
     ** debugging. This is usually disabled because a corrupt database may
     ** cause an assert() statement to fail.  */
     ptrmapCheckPages(apNew, nNew);
@@ -70665,15 +73022,15 @@ balance_cleanup:
 **
 ** A new child page is allocated and the contents of the current root
 ** page, including overflow cells, are copied into the child. The root
-** page is then overwritten to make it an empty page with the right-child 
+** page is then overwritten to make it an empty page with the right-child
 ** pointer pointing to the new page.
 **
-** Before returning, all pointer-map entries corresponding to pages 
+** Before returning, all pointer-map entries corresponding to pages
 ** that the new child-page now contains pointers to are updated. The
 ** entry corresponding to the new right-child pointer of the root
 ** page is also updated.
 **
-** If successful, *ppChild is set to contain a reference to the child 
+** If successful, *ppChild is set to contain a reference to the child
 ** page and SQLITE_OK is returned. In this case the caller is required
 ** to call releasePage() on *ppChild exactly once. If an error occurs,
 ** an error code is returned and *ppChild is set to 0.
@@ -70687,7 +73044,7 @@ static int balance_deeper(MemPage *pRoot, MemPage **ppChild){
   assert( pRoot->nOverflow>0 );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
 
-  /* Make pRoot, the root page of the b-tree, writable. Allocate a new 
+  /* Make pRoot, the root page of the b-tree, writable. Allocate a new
   ** page that will become the new right-child of pPage. Copy the contents
   ** of the node stored on pRoot into the new child page.
   */
@@ -70706,7 +73063,7 @@ static int balance_deeper(MemPage *pRoot, MemPage **ppChild){
   }
   assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pChild->pDbPage) );
   assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pRoot->pDbPage) );
-  assert( pChild->nCell==pRoot->nCell );
+  assert( pChild->nCell==pRoot->nCell || CORRUPT_DB );
 
   TRACE(("BALANCE: copy root %d into %d\n", pRoot->pgno, pChild->pgno));
 
@@ -70725,10 +73082,34 @@ static int balance_deeper(MemPage *pRoot, MemPage **ppChild){
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
+/*
+** Return SQLITE_CORRUPT if any cursor other than pCur is currently valid
+** on the same B-tree as pCur.
+**
+** This can if a database is corrupt with two or more SQL tables
+** pointing to the same b-tree.  If an insert occurs on one SQL table
+** and causes a BEFORE TRIGGER to do a secondary insert on the other SQL
+** table linked to the same b-tree.  If the secondary insert causes a
+** rebalance, that can change content out from under the cursor on the
+** first SQL table, violating invariants on the first insert.
+*/
+static int anotherValidCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
+  BtCursor *pOther;
+  for(pOther=pCur->pBt->pCursor; pOther; pOther=pOther->pNext){
+    if( pOther!=pCur
+     && pOther->eState==CURSOR_VALID
+     && pOther->pPage==pCur->pPage
+    ){
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    }
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
 /*
 ** The page that pCur currently points to has just been modified in
 ** some way. This function figures out if this modification means the
-** tree needs to be balanced, and if so calls the appropriate balancing 
+** tree needs to be balanced, and if so calls the appropriate balancing
 ** routine. Balancing routines are:
 **
 **   balance_quick()
@@ -70745,16 +73126,19 @@ static int balance(BtCursor *pCur){
   VVA_ONLY( int balance_deeper_called = 0 );
 
   do {
-    int iPage = pCur->iPage;
+    int iPage;
     MemPage *pPage = pCur->pPage;
 
-    if( iPage==0 ){
-      if( pPage->nOverflow ){
+    if( NEVER(pPage->nFree<0) && btreeComputeFreeSpace(pPage) ) break;
+    if( pPage->nOverflow==0 && pPage->nFree<=nMin ){
+      break;
+    }else if( (iPage = pCur->iPage)==0 ){
+      if( pPage->nOverflow && (rc = anotherValidCursor(pCur))==SQLITE_OK ){
         /* The root page of the b-tree is overfull. In this case call the
         ** balance_deeper() function to create a new child for the root-page
         ** and copy the current contents of the root-page to it. The
         ** next iteration of the do-loop will balance the child page.
-        */ 
+        */
         assert( balance_deeper_called==0 );
         VVA_ONLY( balance_deeper_called++ );
         rc = balance_deeper(pPage, &pCur->apPage[1]);
@@ -70769,13 +73153,14 @@ static int balance(BtCursor *pCur){
       }else{
         break;
       }
-    }else if( pPage->nOverflow==0 && pPage->nFree<=nMin ){
-      break;
     }else{
       MemPage * const pParent = pCur->apPage[iPage-1];
       int const iIdx = pCur->aiIdx[iPage-1];
 
       rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pParent->pDbPage);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pParent->nFree<0 ){
+        rc = btreeComputeFreeSpace(pParent);
+      }
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_QUICKBALANCE
         if( pPage->intKeyLeaf
@@ -70787,17 +73172,17 @@ static int balance(BtCursor *pCur){
           /* Call balance_quick() to create a new sibling of pPage on which
           ** to store the overflow cell. balance_quick() inserts a new cell
           ** into pParent, which may cause pParent overflow. If this
-          ** happens, the next iteration of the do-loop will balance pParent 
+          ** happens, the next iteration of the do-loop will balance pParent
           ** use either balance_nonroot() or balance_deeper(). Until this
           ** happens, the overflow cell is stored in the aBalanceQuickSpace[]
-          ** buffer. 
+          ** buffer.
           **
           ** The purpose of the following assert() is to check that only a
           ** single call to balance_quick() is made for each call to this
           ** function. If this were not verified, a subtle bug involving reuse
           ** of the aBalanceQuickSpace[] might sneak in.
           */
-          assert( balance_quick_called==0 ); 
+          assert( balance_quick_called==0 );
           VVA_ONLY( balance_quick_called++ );
           rc = balance_quick(pParent, pPage, aBalanceQuickSpace);
         }else
@@ -70808,15 +73193,15 @@ static int balance(BtCursor *pCur){
           ** modifying the contents of pParent, which may cause pParent to
           ** become overfull or underfull. The next iteration of the do-loop
           ** will balance the parent page to correct this.
-          ** 
+          **
           ** If the parent page becomes overfull, the overflow cell or cells
-          ** are stored in the pSpace buffer allocated immediately below. 
+          ** are stored in the pSpace buffer allocated immediately below.
           ** A subsequent iteration of the do-loop will deal with this by
           ** calling balance_nonroot() (balance_deeper() may be called first,
           ** but it doesn't deal with overflow cells - just moves them to a
-          ** different page). Once this subsequent call to balance_nonroot() 
+          ** different page). Once this subsequent call to balance_nonroot()
           ** has completed, it is safe to release the pSpace buffer used by
-          ** the previous call, as the overflow cell data will have been 
+          ** the previous call, as the overflow cell data will have been
           ** copied either into the body of a database page or into the new
           ** pSpace buffer passed to the latter call to balance_nonroot().
           */
@@ -70824,9 +73209,9 @@ static int balance(BtCursor *pCur){
           rc = balance_nonroot(pParent, iIdx, pSpace, iPage==1,
                                pCur->hints&BTREE_BULKLOAD);
           if( pFree ){
-            /* If pFree is not NULL, it points to the pSpace buffer used 
+            /* If pFree is not NULL, it points to the pSpace buffer used
             ** by a previous call to balance_nonroot(). Its contents are
-            ** now stored either on real database pages or within the 
+            ** now stored either on real database pages or within the
             ** new pSpace buffer, so it may be safely freed here. */
             sqlite3PageFree(pFree);
           }
@@ -70886,7 +73271,11 @@ static int btreeOverwriteContent(
     if( memcmp(pDest, ((u8*)pX->pData) + iOffset, iAmt)!=0 ){
       int rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage);
       if( rc ) return rc;
-      memcpy(pDest, ((u8*)pX->pData) + iOffset, iAmt);
+      /* In a corrupt database, it is possible for the source and destination
+      ** buffers to overlap.  This is harmless since the database is already
+      ** corrupt but it does cause valgrind and ASAN warnings.  So use
+      ** memmove(). */
+      memmove(pDest, ((u8*)pX->pData) + iOffset, iAmt);
     }
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -70905,7 +73294,9 @@ static int btreeOverwriteCell(BtCursor *pCur, const BtreePayload *pX){
   Pgno ovflPgno;                      /* Next overflow page to write */
   u32 ovflPageSize;                   /* Size to write on overflow page */
 
-  if( pCur->info.pPayload + pCur->info.nLocal > pPage->aDataEnd ){
+  if( pCur->info.pPayload + pCur->info.nLocal > pPage->aDataEnd
+   || pCur->info.pPayload < pPage->aData + pPage->cellOffset
+  ){
     return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
   }
   /* Overwrite the local portion first */
@@ -70939,7 +73330,7 @@ static int btreeOverwriteCell(BtCursor *pCur, const BtreePayload *pX){
     if( rc ) return rc;
     iOffset += ovflPageSize;
   }while( iOffset<nTotal );
-  return SQLITE_OK;    
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 
@@ -70955,7 +73346,7 @@ static int btreeOverwriteCell(BtCursor *pCur, const BtreePayload *pX){
 ** hold the content of the row.
 **
 ** For an index btree (used for indexes and WITHOUT ROWID tables), the
-** key is an arbitrary byte sequence stored in pX.pKey,nKey.  The 
+** key is an arbitrary byte sequence stored in pX.pKey,nKey.  The
 ** pX.pData,nData,nZero fields must be zero.
 **
 ** If the seekResult parameter is non-zero, then a successful call to
@@ -71013,8 +73404,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(
   **
   ** In some cases, the call to btreeMoveto() below is a no-op. For
   ** example, when inserting data into a table with auto-generated integer
-  ** keys, the VDBE layer invokes sqlite3BtreeLast() to figure out the 
-  ** integer key to use. It then calls this function to actually insert the 
+  ** keys, the VDBE layer invokes sqlite3BtreeLast() to figure out the
+  ** integer key to use. It then calls this function to actually insert the
   ** data into the intkey B-Tree. In this case btreeMoveto() recognizes
   ** that the cursor is already where it needs to be and returns without
   ** doing any work. To avoid thwarting these optimizations, it is important
@@ -71027,18 +73418,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(
 
   if( pCur->pKeyInfo==0 ){
     assert( pX->pKey==0 );
-    /* If this is an insert into a table b-tree, invalidate any incrblob 
+    /* If this is an insert into a table b-tree, invalidate any incrblob
     ** cursors open on the row being replaced */
     invalidateIncrblobCursors(p, pCur->pgnoRoot, pX->nKey, 0);
 
-    /* If BTREE_SAVEPOSITION is set, the cursor must already be pointing 
+    /* If BTREE_SAVEPOSITION is set, the cursor must already be pointing
     ** to a row with the same key as the new entry being inserted.
     */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
     if( flags & BTREE_SAVEPOSITION ){
       assert( pCur->curFlags & BTCF_ValidNKey );
       assert( pX->nKey==pCur->info.nKey );
-      assert( pCur->info.nSize!=0 );
       assert( loc==0 );
     }
 #endif
@@ -71069,7 +73459,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(
   }else{
     /* This is an index or a WITHOUT ROWID table */
 
-    /* If BTREE_SAVEPOSITION is set, the cursor must already be pointing 
+    /* If BTREE_SAVEPOSITION is set, the cursor must already be pointing
     ** to a row with the same key as the new entry being inserted.
     */
     assert( (flags & BTREE_SAVEPOSITION)==0 || loc==0 );
@@ -71113,11 +73503,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(
     }
 
   }
-  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID || (pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID && loc) );
+  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID
+       || (pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID && loc)
+       || CORRUPT_DB );
 
   pPage = pCur->pPage;
   assert( pPage->intKey || pX->nKey>=0 );
   assert( pPage->leaf || !pPage->intKey );
+  if( pPage->nFree<0 ){
+    if( pCur->eState>CURSOR_INVALID ){
+      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    }else{
+      rc = btreeComputeFreeSpace(pPage);
+    }
+    if( rc ) return rc;
+  }
 
   TRACE(("INSERT: table=%d nkey=%lld ndata=%d page=%d %s\n",
           pCur->pgnoRoot, pX->nKey, pX->nData, pPage->pgno,
@@ -71142,20 +73542,27 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(
       memcpy(newCell, oldCell, 4);
     }
     rc = clearCell(pPage, oldCell, &info);
-    if( info.nSize==szNew && info.nLocal==info.nPayload 
+    testcase( pCur->curFlags & BTCF_ValidOvfl );
+    invalidateOverflowCache(pCur);
+    if( info.nSize==szNew && info.nLocal==info.nPayload
      && (!ISAUTOVACUUM || szNew<pPage->minLocal)
     ){
       /* Overwrite the old cell with the new if they are the same size.
       ** We could also try to do this if the old cell is smaller, then add
       ** the leftover space to the free list.  But experiments show that
       ** doing that is no faster then skipping this optimization and just
-      ** calling dropCell() and insertCell(). 
+      ** calling dropCell() and insertCell().
       **
       ** This optimization cannot be used on an autovacuum database if the
       ** new entry uses overflow pages, as the insertCell() call below is
       ** necessary to add the PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1 pointer-map entry.  */
       assert( rc==SQLITE_OK ); /* clearCell never fails when nLocal==nPayload */
-      if( oldCell+szNew > pPage->aDataEnd ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      if( oldCell < pPage->aData+pPage->hdrOffset+10 ){
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      }
+      if( oldCell+szNew > pPage->aDataEnd ){
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      }
       memcpy(oldCell, newCell, szNew);
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
@@ -71172,7 +73579,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(
   assert( pPage->nOverflow==0 || rc==SQLITE_OK );
   assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || pPage->nCell>0 || pPage->nOverflow>0 );
 
-  /* If no error has occurred and pPage has an overflow cell, call balance() 
+  /* If no error has occurred and pPage has an overflow cell, call balance()
   ** to redistribute the cells within the tree. Since balance() may move
   ** the cursor, zero the BtCursor.info.nSize and BTCF_ValidNKey
   ** variables.
@@ -71199,7 +73606,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(
     rc = balance(pCur);
 
     /* Must make sure nOverflow is reset to zero even if the balance()
-    ** fails. Internal data structure corruption will result otherwise. 
+    ** fails. Internal data structure corruption will result otherwise.
     ** Also, set the cursor state to invalid. This stops saveCursorPosition()
     ** from trying to save the current position of the cursor.  */
     pCur->pPage->nOverflow = 0;
@@ -71226,7 +73633,7 @@ end_insert:
 }
 
 /*
-** Delete the entry that the cursor is pointing to. 
+** Delete the entry that the cursor is pointing to.
 **
 ** If the BTREE_SAVEPOSITION bit of the flags parameter is zero, then
 ** the cursor is left pointing at an arbitrary location after the delete.
@@ -71244,12 +73651,12 @@ end_insert:
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDelete(BtCursor *pCur, u8 flags){
   Btree *p = pCur->pBtree;
-  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;              
+  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
   int rc;                              /* Return code */
   MemPage *pPage;                      /* Page to delete cell from */
   unsigned char *pCell;                /* Pointer to cell to delete */
   int iCellIdx;                        /* Index of cell to delete */
-  int iCellDepth;                      /* Depth of node containing pCell */ 
+  int iCellDepth;                      /* Depth of node containing pCell */
   CellInfo info;                       /* Size of the cell being deleted */
   int bSkipnext = 0;                   /* Leaf cursor in SKIPNEXT state */
   u8 bPreserve = flags & BTREE_SAVEPOSITION;  /* Keep cursor valid */
@@ -71260,27 +73667,32 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDelete(BtCursor *pCur, u8 flags){
   assert( pCur->curFlags & BTCF_WriteFlag );
   assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(p, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur->pKeyInfo!=0, 2) );
   assert( !hasReadConflicts(p, pCur->pgnoRoot) );
-  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->pPage->nCell );
-  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
   assert( (flags & ~(BTREE_SAVEPOSITION | BTREE_AUXDELETE))==0 );
+  if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK ){
+    rc = btreeRestoreCursorPosition(pCur);
+    if( rc ) return rc;
+  }
+  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
 
   iCellDepth = pCur->iPage;
   iCellIdx = pCur->ix;
   pPage = pCur->pPage;
   pCell = findCell(pPage, iCellIdx);
+  if( pPage->nFree<0 && btreeComputeFreeSpace(pPage) ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT;
 
   /* If the bPreserve flag is set to true, then the cursor position must
   ** be preserved following this delete operation. If the current delete
   ** will cause a b-tree rebalance, then this is done by saving the cursor
-  ** key and leaving the cursor in CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK state before 
-  ** returning. 
+  ** key and leaving the cursor in CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK state before
+  ** returning.
   **
   ** Or, if the current delete will not cause a rebalance, then the cursor
   ** will be left in CURSOR_SKIPNEXT state pointing to the entry immediately
   ** before or after the deleted entry. In this case set bSkipnext to true.  */
   if( bPreserve ){
-    if( !pPage->leaf 
+    if( !pPage->leaf
      || (pPage->nFree+cellSizePtr(pPage,pCell)+2)>(int)(pBt->usableSize*2/3)
+     || pPage->nCell==1  /* See dbfuzz001.test for a test case */
     ){
       /* A b-tree rebalance will be required after deleting this entry.
       ** Save the cursor key.  */
@@ -71337,6 +73749,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDelete(BtCursor *pCur, u8 flags){
     Pgno n;
     unsigned char *pTmp;
 
+    if( pLeaf->nFree<0 ){
+      rc = btreeComputeFreeSpace(pLeaf);
+      if( rc ) return rc;
+    }
     if( iCellDepth<pCur->iPage-1 ){
       n = pCur->apPage[iCellDepth+1]->pgno;
     }else{
@@ -71369,7 +73785,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDelete(BtCursor *pCur, u8 flags){
   ** on the leaf node first. If the balance proceeds far enough up the
   ** tree that we can be sure that any problem in the internal node has
   ** been corrected, so be it. Otherwise, after balancing the leaf node,
-  ** walk the cursor up the tree to the internal node and balance it as 
+  ** walk the cursor up the tree to the internal node and balance it as
   ** well.  */
   rc = balance(pCur);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pCur->iPage>iCellDepth ){
@@ -71417,7 +73833,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDelete(BtCursor *pCur, u8 flags){
 **     BTREE_INTKEY|BTREE_LEAFDATA     Used for SQL tables with rowid keys
 **     BTREE_ZERODATA                  Used for SQL indices
 */
-static int btreeCreateTable(Btree *p, int *piTable, int createTabFlags){
+static int btreeCreateTable(Btree *p, Pgno *piTable, int createTabFlags){
   BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
   MemPage *pRoot;
   Pgno pgnoRoot;
@@ -71450,6 +73866,9 @@ static int btreeCreateTable(Btree *p, int *piTable, int createTabFlags){
     ** created so far, so the new root-page is (meta[3]+1).
     */
     sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(p, BTREE_LARGEST_ROOT_PAGE, &pgnoRoot);
+    if( pgnoRoot>btreePagecount(pBt) ){
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    }
     pgnoRoot++;
 
     /* The new root-page may not be allocated on a pointer-map page, or the
@@ -71459,8 +73878,7 @@ static int btreeCreateTable(Btree *p, int *piTable, int createTabFlags){
         pgnoRoot==PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt) ){
       pgnoRoot++;
     }
-    assert( pgnoRoot>=3 || CORRUPT_DB );
-    testcase( pgnoRoot<3 );
+    assert( pgnoRoot>=3 );
 
     /* Allocate a page. The page that currently resides at pgnoRoot will
     ** be moved to the allocated page (unless the allocated page happens
@@ -71523,7 +73941,7 @@ static int btreeCreateTable(Btree *p, int *piTable, int createTabFlags){
       }
     }else{
       pRoot = pPageMove;
-    } 
+    }
 
     /* Update the pointer-map and meta-data with the new root-page number. */
     ptrmapPut(pBt, pgnoRoot, PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE, 0, &rc);
@@ -71557,10 +73975,10 @@ static int btreeCreateTable(Btree *p, int *piTable, int createTabFlags){
   zeroPage(pRoot, ptfFlags);
   sqlite3PagerUnref(pRoot->pDbPage);
   assert( (pBt->openFlags & BTREE_SINGLE)==0 || pgnoRoot==2 );
-  *piTable = (int)pgnoRoot;
+  *piTable = pgnoRoot;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(Btree *p, int *piTable, int flags){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(Btree *p, Pgno *piTable, int flags){
   int rc;
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
   rc = btreeCreateTable(p, piTable, flags);
@@ -71676,12 +74094,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeClearTableOfCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
 ** cursors on the table.
 **
 ** If AUTOVACUUM is enabled and the page at iTable is not the last
-** root page in the database file, then the last root page 
+** root page in the database file, then the last root page
 ** in the database file is moved into the slot formerly occupied by
 ** iTable and that last slot formerly occupied by the last root page
 ** is added to the freelist instead of iTable.  In this say, all
 ** root pages are kept at the beginning of the database file, which
-** is necessary for AUTOVACUUM to work right.  *piMoved is set to the 
+** is necessary for AUTOVACUUM to work right.  *piMoved is set to the
 ** page number that used to be the last root page in the file before
 ** the move.  If no page gets moved, *piMoved is set to 0.
 ** The last root page is recorded in meta[3] and the value of
@@ -71695,6 +74113,9 @@ static int btreeDropTable(Btree *p, Pgno iTable, int *piMoved){
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
   assert( p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE );
   assert( iTable>=2 );
+  if( iTable>btreePagecount(pBt) ){
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+  }
 
   rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, (Pgno)iTable, &pPage, 0);
   if( rc ) return rc;
@@ -71716,7 +74137,7 @@ static int btreeDropTable(Btree *p, Pgno iTable, int *piMoved){
 
     if( iTable==maxRootPgno ){
       /* If the table being dropped is the table with the largest root-page
-      ** number in the database, put the root page on the free list. 
+      ** number in the database, put the root page on the free list.
       */
       freePage(pPage, &rc);
       releasePage(pPage);
@@ -71725,7 +74146,7 @@ static int btreeDropTable(Btree *p, Pgno iTable, int *piMoved){
       }
     }else{
       /* The table being dropped does not have the largest root-page
-      ** number in the database. So move the page that does into the 
+      ** number in the database. So move the page that does into the
       ** gap left by the deleted root-page.
       */
       MemPage *pMove;
@@ -71767,7 +74188,7 @@ static int btreeDropTable(Btree *p, Pgno iTable, int *piMoved){
     releasePage(pPage);
   }
 #endif
-  return rc;  
+  return rc;
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDropTable(Btree *p, int iTable, int *piMoved){
   int rc;
@@ -71786,7 +74207,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDropTable(Btree *p, int iTable, int *piMoved){
 ** is the number of free pages currently in the database.  Meta[1]
 ** through meta[15] are available for use by higher layers.  Meta[0]
 ** is read-only, the others are read/write.
-** 
+**
 ** The schema layer numbers meta values differently.  At the schema
 ** layer (and the SetCookie and ReadCookie opcodes) the number of
 ** free pages is not visible.  So Cookie[0] is the same as Meta[1].
@@ -71803,7 +74224,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(Btree *p, int idx, u32 *pMeta){
 
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
   assert( p->inTrans>TRANS_NONE );
-  assert( SQLITE_OK==querySharedCacheTableLock(p, MASTER_ROOT, READ_LOCK) );
+  assert( SQLITE_OK==querySharedCacheTableLock(p, SCHEMA_ROOT, READ_LOCK) );
   assert( pBt->pPage1 );
   assert( idx>=0 && idx<=15 );
 
@@ -71852,16 +74273,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(Btree *p, int idx, u32 iMeta){
   return rc;
 }
 
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
 /*
 ** The first argument, pCur, is a cursor opened on some b-tree. Count the
 ** number of entries in the b-tree and write the result to *pnEntry.
 **
-** SQLITE_OK is returned if the operation is successfully executed. 
+** SQLITE_OK is returned if the operation is successfully executed.
 ** Otherwise, if an error is encountered (i.e. an IO error or database
 ** corruption) an SQLite error code is returned.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCount(BtCursor *pCur, i64 *pnEntry){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCount(sqlite3 *db, BtCursor *pCur, i64 *pnEntry){
   i64 nEntry = 0;                      /* Value to return in *pnEntry */
   int rc;                              /* Return code */
 
@@ -71872,13 +74292,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCount(BtCursor *pCur, i64 *pnEntry){
   }
 
   /* Unless an error occurs, the following loop runs one iteration for each
-  ** page in the B-Tree structure (not including overflow pages). 
+  ** page in the B-Tree structure (not including overflow pages).
   */
-  while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && !AtomicLoad(&db->u1.isInterrupted) ){
     int iIdx;                          /* Index of child node in parent */
     MemPage *pPage;                    /* Current page of the b-tree */
 
-    /* If this is a leaf page or the tree is not an int-key tree, then 
+    /* If this is a leaf page or the tree is not an int-key tree, then
     ** this page contains countable entries. Increment the entry counter
     ** accordingly.
     */
@@ -71887,7 +74307,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCount(BtCursor *pCur, i64 *pnEntry){
       nEntry += pPage->nCell;
     }
 
-    /* pPage is a leaf node. This loop navigates the cursor so that it 
+    /* pPage is a leaf node. This loop navigates the cursor so that it
     ** points to the first interior cell that it points to the parent of
     ** the next page in the tree that has not yet been visited. The
     ** pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage] value is set to the index of the parent cell
@@ -71911,7 +74331,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCount(BtCursor *pCur, i64 *pnEntry){
       pPage = pCur->pPage;
     }
 
-    /* Descend to the child node of the cell that the cursor currently 
+    /* Descend to the child node of the cell that the cursor currently
     ** points at. This is the right-child if (iIdx==pPage->nCell).
     */
     iIdx = pCur->ix;
@@ -71925,7 +74345,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCount(BtCursor *pCur, i64 *pnEntry){
   /* An error has occurred. Return an error code. */
   return rc;
 }
-#endif
 
 /*
 ** Return the pager associated with a BTree.  This routine is used for
@@ -71958,7 +74377,7 @@ static void checkAppendMsg(
   sqlite3_str_vappendf(&pCheck->errMsg, zFormat, ap);
   va_end(ap);
   if( pCheck->errMsg.accError==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-    pCheck->mallocFailed = 1;
+    pCheck->bOomFault = 1;
   }
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */
@@ -72000,13 +74419,14 @@ static int checkRef(IntegrityCk *pCheck, Pgno iPage){
     checkAppendMsg(pCheck, "2nd reference to page %d", iPage);
     return 1;
   }
+  if( AtomicLoad(&pCheck->db->u1.isInterrupted) ) return 1;
   setPageReferenced(pCheck, iPage);
   return 0;
 }
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
 /*
-** Check that the entry in the pointer-map for page iChild maps to 
+** Check that the entry in the pointer-map for page iChild maps to
 ** page iParent, pointer type ptrType. If not, append an error message
 ** to pCheck.
 */
@@ -72022,14 +74442,14 @@ static void checkPtrmap(
 
   rc = ptrmapGet(pCheck->pBt, iChild, &ePtrmapType, &iPtrmapParent);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ) pCheck->mallocFailed = 1;
+    if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ) pCheck->bOomFault = 1;
     checkAppendMsg(pCheck, "Failed to read ptrmap key=%d", iChild);
     return;
   }
 
   if( ePtrmapType!=eType || iPtrmapParent!=iParent ){
     checkAppendMsg(pCheck,
-      "Bad ptr map entry key=%d expected=(%d,%d) got=(%d,%d)", 
+      "Bad ptr map entry key=%d expected=(%d,%d) got=(%d,%d)",
       iChild, eType, iParent, ePtrmapType, iPtrmapParent);
   }
 }
@@ -72042,11 +74462,11 @@ static void checkPtrmap(
 static void checkList(
   IntegrityCk *pCheck,  /* Integrity checking context */
   int isFreeList,       /* True for a freelist.  False for overflow page list */
-  int iPage,            /* Page number for first page in the list */
-  int N                 /* Expected number of pages in the list */
+  Pgno iPage,           /* Page number for first page in the list */
+  u32 N                 /* Expected number of pages in the list */
 ){
   int i;
-  int expected = N;
+  u32 expected = N;
   int nErrAtStart = pCheck->nErr;
   while( iPage!=0 && pCheck->mxErr ){
     DbPage *pOvflPage;
@@ -72059,18 +74479,18 @@ static void checkList(
     }
     pOvflData = (unsigned char *)sqlite3PagerGetData(pOvflPage);
     if( isFreeList ){
-      int n = get4byte(&pOvflData[4]);
+      u32 n = (u32)get4byte(&pOvflData[4]);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
       if( pCheck->pBt->autoVacuum ){
         checkPtrmap(pCheck, iPage, PTRMAP_FREEPAGE, 0);
       }
 #endif
-      if( n>(int)pCheck->pBt->usableSize/4-2 ){
+      if( n>pCheck->pBt->usableSize/4-2 ){
         checkAppendMsg(pCheck,
            "freelist leaf count too big on page %d", iPage);
         N--;
       }else{
-        for(i=0; i<n; i++){
+        for(i=0; i<(int)n; i++){
           Pgno iFreePage = get4byte(&pOvflData[8+i*4]);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
           if( pCheck->pBt->autoVacuum ){
@@ -72124,7 +74544,7 @@ static void checkList(
 ** property.
 **
 ** This heap is used for cell overlap and coverage testing.  Each u32
-** entry represents the span of a cell or freeblock on a btree page.  
+** entry represents the span of a cell or freeblock on a btree page.
 ** The upper 16 bits are the index of the first byte of a range and the
 ** lower 16 bits are the index of the last byte of that range.
 */
@@ -72154,7 +74574,7 @@ static int btreeHeapPull(u32 *aHeap, u32 *pOut){
     aHeap[j] = x;
     i = j;
   }
-  return 1;  
+  return 1;
 }
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
@@ -72162,7 +74582,7 @@ static int btreeHeapPull(u32 *aHeap, u32 *pOut){
 ** Do various sanity checks on a single page of a tree.  Return
 ** the tree depth.  Root pages return 0.  Parents of root pages
 ** return 1, and so forth.
-** 
+**
 ** These checks are done:
 **
 **      1.  Make sure that cells and freeblocks do not overlap
@@ -72174,7 +74594,7 @@ static int btreeHeapPull(u32 *aHeap, u32 *pOut){
 */
 static int checkTreePage(
   IntegrityCk *pCheck,  /* Context for the sanity check */
-  int iPage,            /* Page number of the page to check */
+  Pgno iPage,           /* Page number of the page to check */
   i64 *piMinKey,        /* Write minimum integer primary key here */
   i64 maxKey            /* Error if integer primary key greater than this */
 ){
@@ -72210,9 +74630,9 @@ static int checkTreePage(
   usableSize = pBt->usableSize;
   if( iPage==0 ) return 0;
   if( checkRef(pCheck, iPage) ) return 0;
-  pCheck->zPfx = "Page %d: ";
+  pCheck->zPfx = "Page %u: ";
   pCheck->v1 = iPage;
-  if( (rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, (Pgno)iPage, &pPage, 0))!=0 ){
+  if( (rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, iPage, &pPage, 0))!=0 ){
     checkAppendMsg(pCheck,
        "unable to get the page. error code=%d", rc);
     goto end_of_check;
@@ -72228,11 +74648,16 @@ static int checkTreePage(
                    "btreeInitPage() returns error code %d", rc);
     goto end_of_check;
   }
+  if( (rc = btreeComputeFreeSpace(pPage))!=0 ){
+    assert( rc==SQLITE_CORRUPT );
+    checkAppendMsg(pCheck, "free space corruption", rc);
+    goto end_of_check;
+  }
   data = pPage->aData;
   hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
 
   /* Set up for cell analysis */
-  pCheck->zPfx = "On tree page %d cell %d: ";
+  pCheck->zPfx = "On tree page %u cell %d: ";
   contentOffset = get2byteNotZero(&data[hdr+5]);
   assert( contentOffset<=usableSize );  /* Enforced by btreeInitPage() */
 
@@ -72252,7 +74677,7 @@ static int checkTreePage(
     pgno = get4byte(&data[hdr+8]);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
     if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
-      pCheck->zPfx = "On page %d at right child: ";
+      pCheck->zPfx = "On page %u at right child: ";
       checkPtrmap(pCheck, pgno, PTRMAP_BTREE, iPage);
     }
 #endif
@@ -72300,7 +74725,7 @@ static int checkTreePage(
 
     /* Check the content overflow list */
     if( info.nPayload>info.nLocal ){
-      int nPage;       /* Number of pages on the overflow chain */
+      u32 nPage;       /* Number of pages on the overflow chain */
       Pgno pgnoOvfl;   /* First page of the overflow chain */
       assert( pc + info.nSize - 4 <= usableSize );
       nPage = (info.nPayload - info.nLocal + usableSize - 5)/(usableSize - 4);
@@ -72355,14 +74780,14 @@ static int checkTreePage(
     **
     ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-20690-50594 The second field of the b-tree page header
     ** is the offset of the first freeblock, or zero if there are no
-    ** freeblocks on the page. 
+    ** freeblocks on the page.
     */
     i = get2byte(&data[hdr+1]);
     while( i>0 ){
       int size, j;
-      assert( (u32)i<=usableSize-4 );     /* Enforced by btreeInitPage() */
+      assert( (u32)i<=usableSize-4 ); /* Enforced by btreeComputeFreeSpace() */
       size = get2byte(&data[i+2]);
-      assert( (u32)(i+size)<=usableSize );  /* Enforced by btreeInitPage() */
+      assert( (u32)(i+size)<=usableSize ); /* due to btreeComputeFreeSpace() */
       btreeHeapInsert(heap, (((u32)i)<<16)|(i+size-1));
       /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-58208-19414 The first 2 bytes of a freeblock are a
       ** big-endian integer which is the offset in the b-tree page of the next
@@ -72371,17 +74796,17 @@ static int checkTreePage(
       j = get2byte(&data[i]);
       /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-06866-39125 Freeblocks are always connected in order of
       ** increasing offset. */
-      assert( j==0 || j>i+size );  /* Enforced by btreeInitPage() */
-      assert( (u32)j<=usableSize-4 );   /* Enforced by btreeInitPage() */
+      assert( j==0 || j>i+size );     /* Enforced by btreeComputeFreeSpace() */
+      assert( (u32)j<=usableSize-4 ); /* Enforced by btreeComputeFreeSpace() */
       i = j;
     }
-    /* Analyze the min-heap looking for overlap between cells and/or 
+    /* Analyze the min-heap looking for overlap between cells and/or
     ** freeblocks, and counting the number of untracked bytes in nFrag.
-    ** 
+    **
     ** Each min-heap entry is of the form:    (start_address<<16)|end_address.
     ** There is an implied first entry the covers the page header, the cell
     ** pointer index, and the gap between the cell pointer index and the start
-    ** of cell content.  
+    ** of cell content.
     **
     ** The loop below pulls entries from the min-heap in order and compares
     ** the start_address against the previous end_address.  If there is an
@@ -72393,7 +74818,7 @@ static int checkTreePage(
     while( btreeHeapPull(heap,&x) ){
       if( (prev&0xffff)>=(x>>16) ){
         checkAppendMsg(pCheck,
-          "Multiple uses for byte %u of page %d", x>>16, iPage);
+          "Multiple uses for byte %u of page %u", x>>16, iPage);
         break;
       }else{
         nFrag += (x>>16) - (prev&0xffff) - 1;
@@ -72408,7 +74833,7 @@ static int checkTreePage(
     */
     if( heap[0]==0 && nFrag!=data[hdr+7] ){
       checkAppendMsg(pCheck,
-          "Fragmentation of %d bytes reported as %d on page %d",
+          "Fragmentation of %d bytes reported as %d on page %u",
           nFrag, data[hdr+7], iPage);
     }
   }
@@ -72436,10 +74861,20 @@ end_of_check:
 ** allocation errors,  an error message held in memory obtained from
 ** malloc is returned if *pnErr is non-zero.  If *pnErr==0 then NULL is
 ** returned.  If a memory allocation error occurs, NULL is returned.
+**
+** If the first entry in aRoot[] is 0, that indicates that the list of
+** root pages is incomplete.  This is a "partial integrity-check".  This
+** happens when performing an integrity check on a single table.  The
+** zero is skipped, of course.  But in addition, the freelist checks
+** and the checks to make sure every page is referenced are also skipped,
+** since obviously it is not possible to know which pages are covered by
+** the unverified btrees.  Except, if aRoot[1] is 1, then the freelist
+** checks are still performed.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
+  sqlite3 *db,  /* Database connection that is running the check */
   Btree *p,     /* The btree to be checked */
-  int *aRoot,   /* An array of root pages numbers for individual trees */
+  Pgno *aRoot,  /* An array of root pages numbers for individual trees */
   int nRoot,    /* Number of entries in aRoot[] */
   int mxErr,    /* Stop reporting errors after this many */
   int *pnErr    /* Write number of errors seen to this variable */
@@ -72447,20 +74882,31 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
   Pgno i;
   IntegrityCk sCheck;
   BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
-  int savedDbFlags = pBt->db->flags;
+  u64 savedDbFlags = pBt->db->flags;
   char zErr[100];
+  int bPartial = 0;            /* True if not checking all btrees */
+  int bCkFreelist = 1;         /* True to scan the freelist */
   VVA_ONLY( int nRef );
+  assert( nRoot>0 );
+
+  /* aRoot[0]==0 means this is a partial check */
+  if( aRoot[0]==0 ){
+    assert( nRoot>1 );
+    bPartial = 1;
+    if( aRoot[1]!=1 ) bCkFreelist = 0;
+  }
 
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
   assert( p->inTrans>TRANS_NONE && pBt->inTransaction>TRANS_NONE );
   VVA_ONLY( nRef = sqlite3PagerRefcount(pBt->pPager) );
   assert( nRef>=0 );
+  sCheck.db = db;
   sCheck.pBt = pBt;
   sCheck.pPager = pBt->pPager;
   sCheck.nPage = btreePagecount(sCheck.pBt);
   sCheck.mxErr = mxErr;
   sCheck.nErr = 0;
-  sCheck.mallocFailed = 0;
+  sCheck.bOomFault = 0;
   sCheck.zPfx = 0;
   sCheck.v1 = 0;
   sCheck.v2 = 0;
@@ -72474,12 +74920,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
 
   sCheck.aPgRef = sqlite3MallocZero((sCheck.nPage / 8)+ 1);
   if( !sCheck.aPgRef ){
-    sCheck.mallocFailed = 1;
+    sCheck.bOomFault = 1;
     goto integrity_ck_cleanup;
   }
   sCheck.heap = (u32*)sqlite3PageMalloc( pBt->pageSize );
   if( sCheck.heap==0 ){
-    sCheck.mallocFailed = 1;
+    sCheck.bOomFault = 1;
     goto integrity_ck_cleanup;
   }
 
@@ -72488,38 +74934,42 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
 
   /* Check the integrity of the freelist
   */
-  sCheck.zPfx = "Main freelist: ";
-  checkList(&sCheck, 1, get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[32]),
-            get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[36]));
-  sCheck.zPfx = 0;
+  if( bCkFreelist ){
+    sCheck.zPfx = "Main freelist: ";
+    checkList(&sCheck, 1, get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[32]),
+              get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[36]));
+    sCheck.zPfx = 0;
+  }
 
   /* Check all the tables.
   */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
-    int mx = 0;
-    int mxInHdr;
-    for(i=0; (int)i<nRoot; i++) if( mx<aRoot[i] ) mx = aRoot[i];
-    mxInHdr = get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[52]);
-    if( mx!=mxInHdr ){
+  if( !bPartial ){
+    if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
+      Pgno mx = 0;
+      Pgno mxInHdr;
+      for(i=0; (int)i<nRoot; i++) if( mx<aRoot[i] ) mx = aRoot[i];
+      mxInHdr = get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[52]);
+      if( mx!=mxInHdr ){
+        checkAppendMsg(&sCheck,
+          "max rootpage (%d) disagrees with header (%d)",
+          mx, mxInHdr
+        );
+      }
+    }else if( get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[64])!=0 ){
       checkAppendMsg(&sCheck,
-        "max rootpage (%d) disagrees with header (%d)",
-        mx, mxInHdr
+        "incremental_vacuum enabled with a max rootpage of zero"
       );
     }
-  }else if( get4byte(&pBt->pPage1->aData[64])!=0 ){
-    checkAppendMsg(&sCheck,
-      "incremental_vacuum enabled with a max rootpage of zero"
-    );
   }
 #endif
   testcase( pBt->db->flags & SQLITE_CellSizeCk );
-  pBt->db->flags &= ~SQLITE_CellSizeCk;
+  pBt->db->flags &= ~(u64)SQLITE_CellSizeCk;
   for(i=0; (int)i<nRoot && sCheck.mxErr; i++){
     i64 notUsed;
     if( aRoot[i]==0 ) continue;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    if( pBt->autoVacuum && aRoot[i]>1 ){
+    if( pBt->autoVacuum && aRoot[i]>1 && !bPartial ){
       checkPtrmap(&sCheck, aRoot[i], PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE, 0);
     }
 #endif
@@ -72529,24 +74979,26 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
 
   /* Make sure every page in the file is referenced
   */
-  for(i=1; i<=sCheck.nPage && sCheck.mxErr; i++){
+  if( !bPartial ){
+    for(i=1; i<=sCheck.nPage && sCheck.mxErr; i++){
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    if( getPageReferenced(&sCheck, i)==0 ){
-      checkAppendMsg(&sCheck, "Page %d is never used", i);
-    }
+      if( getPageReferenced(&sCheck, i)==0 ){
+        checkAppendMsg(&sCheck, "Page %d is never used", i);
+      }
 #else
-    /* If the database supports auto-vacuum, make sure no tables contain
-    ** references to pointer-map pages.
-    */
-    if( getPageReferenced(&sCheck, i)==0 && 
-       (PTRMAP_PAGENO(pBt, i)!=i || !pBt->autoVacuum) ){
-      checkAppendMsg(&sCheck, "Page %d is never used", i);
-    }
-    if( getPageReferenced(&sCheck, i)!=0 && 
-       (PTRMAP_PAGENO(pBt, i)==i && pBt->autoVacuum) ){
-      checkAppendMsg(&sCheck, "Pointer map page %d is referenced", i);
-    }
+      /* If the database supports auto-vacuum, make sure no tables contain
+      ** references to pointer-map pages.
+      */
+      if( getPageReferenced(&sCheck, i)==0 &&
+         (PTRMAP_PAGENO(pBt, i)!=i || !pBt->autoVacuum) ){
+        checkAppendMsg(&sCheck, "Page %d is never used", i);
+      }
+      if( getPageReferenced(&sCheck, i)!=0 &&
+         (PTRMAP_PAGENO(pBt, i)==i && pBt->autoVacuum) ){
+        checkAppendMsg(&sCheck, "Pointer map page %d is referenced", i);
+      }
 #endif
+    }
   }
 
   /* Clean  up and report errors.
@@ -72554,7 +75006,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
 integrity_ck_cleanup:
   sqlite3PageFree(sCheck.heap);
   sqlite3_free(sCheck.aPgRef);
-  if( sCheck.mallocFailed ){
+  if( sCheck.bOomFault ){
     sqlite3_str_reset(&sCheck.errMsg);
     sCheck.nErr++;
   }
@@ -72593,18 +75045,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3BtreeGetJournalname(Btree *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return non-zero if a transaction is active.
+** Return one of SQLITE_TXN_NONE, SQLITE_TXN_READ, or SQLITE_TXN_WRITE
+** to describe the current transaction state of Btree p.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(Btree *p){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeTxnState(Btree *p){
   assert( p==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-  return (p && (p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE));
+  return p ? p->inTrans : 0;
 }
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
 /*
 ** Run a checkpoint on the Btree passed as the first argument.
 **
-** Return SQLITE_LOCKED if this or any other connection has an open 
+** Return SQLITE_LOCKED if this or any other connection has an open
 ** transaction on the shared-cache the argument Btree is connected to.
 **
 ** Parameter eMode is one of SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE, FULL or RESTART.
@@ -72626,14 +75079,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCheckpoint(Btree *p, int eMode, int *pnLog, int *
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Return non-zero if a read (or write) transaction is active.
+** Return true if there is currently a backup running on Btree p.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(Btree *p){
-  assert( p );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
-  return p->inTrans!=TRANS_NONE;
-}
-
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsInBackup(Btree *p){
   assert( p );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
@@ -72643,20 +75090,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsInBackup(Btree *p){
 /*
 ** This function returns a pointer to a blob of memory associated with
 ** a single shared-btree. The memory is used by client code for its own
-** purposes (for example, to store a high-level schema associated with 
+** purposes (for example, to store a high-level schema associated with
 ** the shared-btree). The btree layer manages reference counting issues.
 **
 ** The first time this is called on a shared-btree, nBytes bytes of memory
-** are allocated, zeroed, and returned to the caller. For each subsequent 
+** are allocated, zeroed, and returned to the caller. For each subsequent
 ** call the nBytes parameter is ignored and a pointer to the same blob
-** of memory returned. 
+** of memory returned.
 **
 ** If the nBytes parameter is 0 and the blob of memory has not yet been
 ** allocated, a null pointer is returned. If the blob has already been
 ** allocated, it is returned as normal.
 **
-** Just before the shared-btree is closed, the function passed as the 
-** xFree argument when the memory allocation was made is invoked on the 
+** Just before the shared-btree is closed, the function passed as the
+** xFree argument when the memory allocation was made is invoked on the
 ** blob of allocated memory. The xFree function should not call sqlite3_free()
 ** on the memory, the btree layer does that.
 */
@@ -72672,15 +75119,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3BtreeSchema(Btree *p, int nBytes, void(*xFree)(void
 }
 
 /*
-** Return SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE if another user of the same shared 
-** btree as the argument handle holds an exclusive lock on the 
-** sqlite_master table. Otherwise SQLITE_OK.
+** Return SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE if another user of the same shared
+** btree as the argument handle holds an exclusive lock on the
+** sqlite_schema table. Otherwise SQLITE_OK.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSchemaLocked(Btree *p){
   int rc;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
-  rc = querySharedCacheTableLock(p, MASTER_ROOT, READ_LOCK);
+  rc = querySharedCacheTableLock(p, SCHEMA_ROOT, READ_LOCK);
   assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE );
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
   return rc;
@@ -72714,11 +75161,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLockTable(Btree *p, int iTab, u8 isWriteLock){
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
 /*
-** Argument pCsr must be a cursor opened for writing on an 
-** INTKEY table currently pointing at a valid table entry. 
+** Argument pCsr must be a cursor opened for writing on an
+** INTKEY table currently pointing at a valid table entry.
 ** This function modifies the data stored as part of that entry.
 **
-** Only the data content may only be modified, it is not possible to 
+** Only the data content may only be modified, it is not possible to
 ** change the length of the data stored. If this function is called with
 ** parameters that attempt to write past the end of the existing data,
 ** no modifications are made and SQLITE_CORRUPT is returned.
@@ -72749,7 +75196,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePutData(BtCursor *pCsr, u32 offset, u32 amt, void
   VVA_ONLY(rc =) saveAllCursors(pCsr->pBt, pCsr->pgnoRoot, pCsr);
   assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
 
-  /* Check some assumptions: 
+  /* Check some assumptions:
   **   (a) the cursor is open for writing,
   **   (b) there is a read/write transaction open,
   **   (c) the connection holds a write-lock on the table (if required),
@@ -72768,7 +75215,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePutData(BtCursor *pCsr, u32 offset, u32 amt, void
   return accessPayload(pCsr, offset, amt, (unsigned char *)z, 1);
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Mark this cursor as an incremental blob cursor.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeIncrblobCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
@@ -72778,14 +75225,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeIncrblobCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Set both the "read version" (single byte at byte offset 18) and 
+** Set both the "read version" (single byte at byte offset 18) and
 ** "write version" (single byte at byte offset 19) fields in the database
 ** header to iVersion.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetVersion(Btree *pBtree, int iVersion){
   BtShared *pBt = pBtree->pBt;
   int rc;                         /* Return code */
- 
+
   assert( iVersion==1 || iVersion==2 );
 
   /* If setting the version fields to 1, do not automatically open the
@@ -72843,7 +75290,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSharable(Btree *p){
 
 /*
 ** Return the number of connections to the BtShared object accessed by
-** the Btree handle passed as the only argument. For private caches 
+** the Btree handle passed as the only argument. For private caches
 ** this is always 1. For shared caches it may be 1 or greater.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeConnectionCount(Btree *p){
@@ -72865,7 +75312,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeConnectionCount(Btree *p){
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
-** This file contains the implementation of the sqlite3_backup_XXX() 
+** This file contains the implementation of the sqlite3_backup_XXX()
 ** API functions and the related features.
 */
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
@@ -72902,15 +75349,15 @@ struct sqlite3_backup {
 **   Once it has been created using backup_init(), a single sqlite3_backup
 **   structure may be accessed via two groups of thread-safe entry points:
 **
-**     * Via the sqlite3_backup_XXX() API function backup_step() and 
+**     * Via the sqlite3_backup_XXX() API function backup_step() and
 **       backup_finish(). Both these functions obtain the source database
-**       handle mutex and the mutex associated with the source BtShared 
+**       handle mutex and the mutex associated with the source BtShared
 **       structure, in that order.
 **
 **     * Via the BackupUpdate() and BackupRestart() functions, which are
 **       invoked by the pager layer to report various state changes in
 **       the page cache associated with the source database. The mutex
-**       associated with the source database BtShared structure will always 
+**       associated with the source database BtShared structure will always
 **       be held when either of these functions are invoked.
 **
 **   The other sqlite3_backup_XXX() API functions, backup_remaining() and
@@ -72931,8 +75378,8 @@ struct sqlite3_backup {
 ** in connection handle pDb. If such a database cannot be found, return
 ** a NULL pointer and write an error message to pErrorDb.
 **
-** If the "temp" database is requested, it may need to be opened by this 
-** function. If an error occurs while doing so, return 0 and write an 
+** If the "temp" database is requested, it may need to be opened by this
+** function. If an error occurs while doing so, return 0 and write an
 ** error message to pErrorDb.
 */
 static Btree *findBtree(sqlite3 *pErrorDb, sqlite3 *pDb, const char *zDb){
@@ -72968,18 +75415,18 @@ static Btree *findBtree(sqlite3 *pErrorDb, sqlite3 *pDb, const char *zDb){
 */
 static int setDestPgsz(sqlite3_backup *p){
   int rc;
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(p->pDest,sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(p->pSrc),-1,0);
+  rc = sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(p->pDest,sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(p->pSrc),0,0);
   return rc;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Check that there is no open read-transaction on the b-tree passed as the
 ** second argument. If there is not, return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, if there
-** is an open read-transaction, return SQLITE_ERROR and leave an error 
+** is an open read-transaction, return SQLITE_ERROR and leave an error
 ** message in database handle db.
 */
 static int checkReadTransaction(sqlite3 *db, Btree *p){
-  if( sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(p) ){
+  if( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(p)!=SQLITE_TXN_NONE ){
     sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, SQLITE_ERROR, "destination database is in use");
     return SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
@@ -73045,13 +75492,13 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
     p->iNext = 1;
     p->isAttached = 0;
 
-    if( 0==p->pSrc || 0==p->pDest 
-     || checkReadTransaction(pDestDb, p->pDest)!=SQLITE_OK 
+    if( 0==p->pSrc || 0==p->pDest
+     || checkReadTransaction(pDestDb, p->pDest)!=SQLITE_OK
      ){
       /* One (or both) of the named databases did not exist or an OOM
       ** error was hit. Or there is a transaction open on the destination
-      ** database. The error has already been written into the pDestDb 
-      ** handle. All that is left to do here is free the sqlite3_backup 
+      ** database. The error has already been written into the pDestDb
+      ** handle. All that is left to do here is free the sqlite3_backup
       ** structure.  */
       sqlite3_free(p);
       p = 0;
@@ -73067,7 +75514,7 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
 }
 
 /*
-** Argument rc is an SQLite error code. Return true if this error is 
+** Argument rc is an SQLite error code. Return true if this error is
 ** considered fatal if encountered during a backup operation. All errors
 ** are considered fatal except for SQLITE_BUSY and SQLITE_LOCKED.
 */
@@ -73076,8 +75523,8 @@ static int isFatalError(int rc){
 }
 
 /*
-** Parameter zSrcData points to a buffer containing the data for 
-** page iSrcPg from the source database. Copy this data into the 
+** Parameter zSrcData points to a buffer containing the data for
+** page iSrcPg from the source database. Copy this data into the
 ** destination database.
 */
 static int backupOnePage(
@@ -73091,13 +75538,6 @@ static int backupOnePage(
   int nDestPgsz = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(p->pDest);
   const int nCopy = MIN(nSrcPgsz, nDestPgsz);
   const i64 iEnd = (i64)iSrcPg*(i64)nSrcPgsz;
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  /* Use BtreeGetReserveNoMutex() for the source b-tree, as although it is
-  ** guaranteed that the shared-mutex is held by this thread, handle
-  ** p->pSrc may not actually be the owner.  */
-  int nSrcReserve = sqlite3BtreeGetReserveNoMutex(p->pSrc);
-  int nDestReserve = sqlite3BtreeGetOptimalReserve(p->pDest);
-#endif
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   i64 iOff;
 
@@ -73108,33 +75548,13 @@ static int backupOnePage(
   assert( zSrcData );
 
   /* Catch the case where the destination is an in-memory database and the
-  ** page sizes of the source and destination differ. 
+  ** page sizes of the source and destination differ.
   */
   if( nSrcPgsz!=nDestPgsz && sqlite3PagerIsMemdb(pDestPager) ){
     rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
   }
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  /* Backup is not possible if the page size of the destination is changing
-  ** and a codec is in use.
-  */
-  if( nSrcPgsz!=nDestPgsz && sqlite3PagerGetCodec(pDestPager)!=0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
-  }
-
-  /* Backup is not possible if the number of bytes of reserve space differ
-  ** between source and destination.  If there is a difference, try to
-  ** fix the destination to agree with the source.  If that is not possible,
-  ** then the backup cannot proceed.
-  */
-  if( nSrcReserve!=nDestReserve ){
-    u32 newPgsz = nSrcPgsz;
-    rc = sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pDestPager, &newPgsz, nSrcReserve);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && newPgsz!=nSrcPgsz ) rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* This loop runs once for each destination page spanned by the source 
+  /* This loop runs once for each destination page spanned by the source
   ** page. For each iteration, variable iOff is set to the byte offset
   ** of the destination page.
   */
@@ -73153,7 +75573,7 @@ static int backupOnePage(
       ** Then clear the Btree layer MemPage.isInit flag. Both this module
       ** and the pager code use this trick (clearing the first byte
       ** of the page 'extra' space to invalidate the Btree layers
-      ** cached parse of the page). MemPage.isInit is marked 
+      ** cached parse of the page). MemPage.isInit is marked
       ** "MUST BE FIRST" for this purpose.
       */
       memcpy(zOut, zIn, nCopy);
@@ -73173,7 +75593,7 @@ static int backupOnePage(
 ** exactly iSize bytes. If pFile is not larger than iSize bytes, then
 ** this function is a no-op.
 **
-** Return SQLITE_OK if everything is successful, or an SQLite error 
+** Return SQLITE_OK if everything is successful, or an SQLite error
 ** code if an error occurs.
 */
 static int backupTruncateFile(sqlite3_file *pFile, i64 iSize){
@@ -73237,7 +75657,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage){
     ** one now. If a transaction is opened here, then it will be closed
     ** before this function exits.
     */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && 0==sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(p->pSrc) ){
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_TXN_NONE==sqlite3BtreeTxnState(p->pSrc) ){
       rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(p->pSrc, 0, 0);
       bCloseTrans = 1;
     }
@@ -73255,7 +75675,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage){
     /* Lock the destination database, if it is not locked already. */
     if( SQLITE_OK==rc && p->bDestLocked==0
      && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(p->pDest, 2,
-                                                (int*)&p->iDestSchema)) 
+                                                (int*)&p->iDestSchema))
     ){
       p->bDestLocked = 1;
     }
@@ -73268,7 +75688,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage){
     if( SQLITE_OK==rc && destMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL && pgszSrc!=pgszDest ){
       rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
     }
-  
+
     /* Now that there is a read-lock on the source database, query the
     ** source pager for the number of pages in the database.
     */
@@ -73295,7 +75715,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage){
         attachBackupObject(p);
       }
     }
-  
+
     /* Update the schema version field in the destination database. This
     ** is to make sure that the schema-version really does change in
     ** the case where the source and destination databases have the
@@ -73321,12 +75741,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage){
         int nDestTruncate;
         /* Set nDestTruncate to the final number of pages in the destination
         ** database. The complication here is that the destination page
-        ** size may be different to the source page size. 
+        ** size may be different to the source page size.
         **
-        ** If the source page size is smaller than the destination page size, 
+        ** If the source page size is smaller than the destination page size,
         ** round up. In this case the call to sqlite3OsTruncate() below will
         ** fix the size of the file. However it is important to call
-        ** sqlite3PagerTruncateImage() here so that any pages in the 
+        ** sqlite3PagerTruncateImage() here so that any pages in the
         ** destination file that lie beyond the nDestTruncate page mark are
         ** journalled by PagerCommitPhaseOne() before they are destroyed
         ** by the file truncation.
@@ -73350,7 +75770,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage){
           **
           **   * The destination may need to be truncated, and
           **
-          **   * Data stored on the pages immediately following the 
+          **   * Data stored on the pages immediately following the
           **     pending-byte page in the source database may need to be
           **     copied into the destination database.
           */
@@ -73362,7 +75782,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage){
           i64 iEnd;
 
           assert( pFile );
-          assert( nDestTruncate==0 
+          assert( nDestTruncate==0
               || (i64)nDestTruncate*(i64)pgszDest >= iSize || (
                 nDestTruncate==(int)(PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(p->pDest->pBt)-1)
              && iSize>=PENDING_BYTE && iSize<=PENDING_BYTE+pgszDest
@@ -73372,7 +75792,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage){
           ** database has been stored in the journal for pDestPager and the
           ** journal synced to disk. So at this point we may safely modify
           ** the database file in any way, knowing that if a power failure
-          ** occurs, the original database will be reconstructed from the 
+          ** occurs, the original database will be reconstructed from the
           ** journal file.  */
           sqlite3PagerPagecount(pDestPager, &nDstPage);
           for(iPg=nDestTruncate; rc==SQLITE_OK && iPg<=(Pgno)nDstPage; iPg++){
@@ -73392,8 +75812,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage){
           /* Write the extra pages and truncate the database file as required */
           iEnd = MIN(PENDING_BYTE + pgszDest, iSize);
           for(
-            iOff=PENDING_BYTE+pgszSrc; 
-            rc==SQLITE_OK && iOff<iEnd; 
+            iOff=PENDING_BYTE+pgszSrc;
+            rc==SQLITE_OK && iOff<iEnd;
             iOff+=pgszSrc
           ){
             PgHdr *pSrcPg = 0;
@@ -73417,7 +75837,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage){
           sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(pDestPager, nDestTruncate);
           rc = sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(pDestPager, 0, 0);
         }
-    
+
         /* Finish committing the transaction to the destination database. */
         if( SQLITE_OK==rc
          && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo(p->pDest, 0))
@@ -73426,7 +75846,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage){
         }
       }
     }
-  
+
     /* If bCloseTrans is true, then this function opened a read transaction
     ** on the source database. Close the read transaction here. There is
     ** no need to check the return values of the btree methods here, as
@@ -73438,7 +75858,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage){
       TESTONLY( rc2 |= ) sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo(p->pSrc, 0);
       assert( rc2==SQLITE_OK );
     }
-  
+
     if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
     }
@@ -73475,8 +75895,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p){
   }
   if( p->isAttached ){
     pp = sqlite3PagerBackupPtr(sqlite3BtreePager(p->pSrc));
+    assert( pp!=0 );
     while( *pp!=p ){
       pp = &(*pp)->pNext;
+      assert( pp!=0 );
     }
     *pp = p->pNext;
   }
@@ -73518,7 +75940,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return the total number of pages in the source database as of the most 
+** Return the total number of pages in the source database as of the most
 ** recent call to sqlite3_backup_step().
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p){
@@ -73533,7 +75955,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p){
 
 /*
 ** This function is called after the contents of page iPage of the
-** source database have been modified. If page iPage has already been 
+** source database have been modified. If page iPage has already been
 ** copied into the destination database, then the data written to the
 ** destination is now invalidated. The destination copy of iPage needs
 ** to be updated with the new data before the backup operation is
@@ -73576,7 +75998,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *pBackup, Pgno iPage, con
 ** Restart the backup process. This is called when the pager layer
 ** detects that the database has been modified by an external database
 ** connection. In this case there is no way of knowing which of the
-** pages that have been copied into the destination database are still 
+** pages that have been copied into the destination database are still
 ** valid and which are not, so the entire process needs to be restarted.
 **
 ** It is assumed that the mutex associated with the BtShared object
@@ -73596,8 +76018,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *pBackup){
 ** Copy the complete content of pBtFrom into pBtTo.  A transaction
 ** must be active for both files.
 **
-** The size of file pTo may be reduced by this operation. If anything 
-** goes wrong, the transaction on pTo is rolled back. If successful, the 
+** The size of file pTo may be reduced by this operation. If anything
+** goes wrong, the transaction on pTo is rolled back. If successful, the
 ** transaction is committed before returning.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCopyFile(Btree *pTo, Btree *pFrom){
@@ -73607,7 +76029,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCopyFile(Btree *pTo, Btree *pFrom){
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(pTo);
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(pFrom);
 
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pTo) );
+  assert( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pTo)==SQLITE_TXN_WRITE );
   pFd = sqlite3PagerFile(sqlite3BtreePager(pTo));
   if( pFd->pMethods ){
     i64 nByte = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pFrom)*(i64)sqlite3BtreeLastPage(pFrom);
@@ -73627,15 +76049,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCopyFile(Btree *pTo, Btree *pFrom){
   b.pDest = pTo;
   b.iNext = 1;
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  sqlite3PagerAlignReserve(sqlite3BtreePager(pTo), sqlite3BtreePager(pFrom));
-#endif
-
   /* 0x7FFFFFFF is the hard limit for the number of pages in a database
   ** file. By passing this as the number of pages to copy to
-  ** sqlite3_backup_step(), we can guarantee that the copy finishes 
+  ** sqlite3_backup_step(), we can guarantee that the copy finishes
   ** within a single call (unless an error occurs). The assert() statement
-  ** checks this assumption - (p->rc) should be set to either SQLITE_DONE 
+  ** checks this assumption - (p->rc) should be set to either SQLITE_DONE
   ** or an error code.  */
   sqlite3_backup_step(&b, 0x7FFFFFFF);
   assert( b.rc!=SQLITE_OK );
@@ -73647,7 +76065,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCopyFile(Btree *pTo, Btree *pFrom){
     sqlite3PagerClearCache(sqlite3BtreePager(b.pDest));
   }
 
-  assert( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pTo)==0 );
+  assert( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pTo)!=SQLITE_TXN_WRITE );
 copy_finished:
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(pFrom);
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(pTo);
@@ -73677,6 +76095,11 @@ copy_finished:
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 /* #include "vdbeInt.h" */
 
+/* True if X is a power of two.  0 is considered a power of two here.
+** In other words, return true if X has at most one bit set.
+*/
+#define ISPOWEROF2(X)  (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 /*
 ** Check invariants on a Mem object.
@@ -73685,7 +76108,7 @@ copy_finished:
 ** this:    assert( sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(pMem) );
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(Mem *p){
-  /* If MEM_Dyn is set then Mem.xDel!=0.  
+  /* If MEM_Dyn is set then Mem.xDel!=0.
   ** Mem.xDel might not be initialized if MEM_Dyn is clear.
   */
   assert( (p->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 || p->xDel!=0 );
@@ -73696,8 +76119,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(Mem *p){
   ** That saves a few cycles in inner loops. */
   assert( (p->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 || p->szMalloc==0 );
 
-  /* Cannot be both MEM_Int and MEM_Real at the same time */
-  assert( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))!=(MEM_Int|MEM_Real) );
+  /* Cannot have more than one of MEM_Int, MEM_Real, or MEM_IntReal */
+  assert( ISPOWEROF2(p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal)) );
 
   if( p->flags & MEM_Null ){
     /* Cannot be both MEM_Null and some other type */
@@ -73716,7 +76139,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(Mem *p){
               ((p->flags&MEM_Static)!=0 ? 1 : 0) <= 1 );
 
       /* No other bits set */
-      assert( (p->flags & ~(MEM_Null|MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype
+      assert( (p->flags & ~(MEM_Null|MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype|MEM_FromBind
                            |MEM_Dyn|MEM_Ephem|MEM_Static))==0 );
     }else{
       /* A pure NULL might have other flags, such as MEM_Static, MEM_Dyn,
@@ -73740,7 +76163,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(Mem *p){
   **   (4) A static string or blob
   */
   if( (p->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob)) && p->n>0 ){
-    assert( 
+    assert(
       ((p->szMalloc>0 && p->z==p->zMalloc)? 1 : 0) +
       ((p->flags&MEM_Dyn)!=0 ? 1 : 0) +
       ((p->flags&MEM_Ephem)!=0 ? 1 : 0) +
@@ -73751,9 +76174,40 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(Mem *p){
 }
 #endif
 
+/*
+** Render a Mem object which is one of MEM_Int, MEM_Real, or MEM_IntReal
+** into a buffer.
+*/
+static void vdbeMemRenderNum(int sz, char *zBuf, Mem *p){
+  StrAccum acc;
+  assert( p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal) );
+  assert( sz>22 );
+  if( p->flags & MEM_Int ){
+#if GCC_VERSION>=7000000
+    /* Work-around for GCC bug
+    ** https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=96270 */
+    i64 x;
+    assert( (p->flags&MEM_Int)*2==sizeof(x) );
+    memcpy(&x, (char*)&p->u, (p->flags&MEM_Int)*2);
+    sqlite3Int64ToText(x, zBuf);
+#else
+    sqlite3Int64ToText(p->u.i, zBuf);
+#endif
+  }else{
+    sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, 0, zBuf, sz, 0);
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(&acc, "%!.15g",
+         (p->flags & MEM_IntReal)!=0 ? (double)p->u.i : p->u.r);
+    assert( acc.zText==zBuf && acc.mxAlloc<=0 );
+    zBuf[acc.nChar] = 0; /* Fast version of sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc) */
+  }
+}
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 /*
-** Check that string value of pMem agrees with its integer or real value.
+** Validity checks on pMem.  pMem holds a string.
+**
+** (1) Check that string value of pMem agrees with its integer or real value.
+** (2) Check that the string is correctly zero terminated
 **
 ** A single int or real value always converts to the same strings.  But
 ** many different strings can be converted into the same int or real.
@@ -73771,17 +76225,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(Mem *p){
 **
 ** This routine is for use inside of assert() statements only.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemConsistentDualRep(Mem *p){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemValidStrRep(Mem *p){
   char zBuf[100];
   char *z;
   int i, j, incr;
   if( (p->flags & MEM_Str)==0 ) return 1;
-  if( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==0 ) return 1;
-  if( p->flags & MEM_Int ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf),zBuf,"%lld",p->u.i);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf),zBuf,"%!.15g",p->u.r);
-  }
+  if( p->flags & MEM_Term ){
+    /* Insure that the string is properly zero-terminated.  Pay particular
+    ** attention to the case where p->n is odd */
+    if( p->szMalloc>0 && p->z==p->zMalloc ){
+      assert( p->enc==SQLITE_UTF8 || p->szMalloc >= ((p->n+1)&~1)+2 );
+      assert( p->enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 || p->szMalloc >= p->n+1 );
+    }
+    assert( p->z[p->n]==0 );
+    assert( p->enc==SQLITE_UTF8 || p->z[(p->n+1)&~1]==0 );
+    assert( p->enc==SQLITE_UTF8 || p->z[((p->n+1)&~1)+1]==0 );
+  }
+  if( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))==0 ) return 1;
+  vdbeMemRenderNum(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, p);
   z = p->z;
   i = j = 0;
   incr = 1;
@@ -73837,8 +76298,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(Mem *pMem, int desiredEnc){
 }
 
 /*
-** Make sure pMem->z points to a writable allocation of at least 
-** min(n,32) bytes.
+** Make sure pMem->z points to a writable allocation of at least n bytes.
 **
 ** If the bPreserve argument is true, then copy of the content of
 ** pMem->z into the new allocation.  pMem must be either a string or
@@ -73857,9 +76317,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(Mem *pMem, int n, int bPre
 
   assert( pMem->szMalloc==0
        || pMem->szMalloc==sqlite3DbMallocSize(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc) );
-  if( n<32 ) n = 32;
   if( pMem->szMalloc>0 && bPreserve && pMem->z==pMem->zMalloc ){
-    pMem->z = pMem->zMalloc = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(pMem->db, pMem->z, n);
+    if( pMem->db ){
+      pMem->z = pMem->zMalloc = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(pMem->db, pMem->z, n);
+    }else{
+      pMem->zMalloc = sqlite3Realloc(pMem->z, n);
+      if( pMem->zMalloc==0 ) sqlite3_free(pMem->z);
+      pMem->z = pMem->zMalloc;
+    }
     bPreserve = 0;
   }else{
     if( pMem->szMalloc>0 ) sqlite3DbFreeNN(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc);
@@ -73895,34 +76360,40 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(Mem *pMem, int n, int bPre
 **
 ** Any prior string or blob content in the pMem object may be discarded.
 ** The pMem->xDel destructor is called, if it exists.  Though MEM_Str
-** and MEM_Blob values may be discarded, MEM_Int, MEM_Real, and MEM_Null
-** values are preserved.
+** and MEM_Blob values may be discarded, MEM_Int, MEM_Real, MEM_IntReal,
+** and MEM_Null values are preserved.
 **
 ** Return SQLITE_OK on success or an error code (probably SQLITE_NOMEM)
 ** if unable to complete the resizing.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(Mem *pMem, int szNew){
-  assert( szNew>0 );
+  assert( CORRUPT_DB || szNew>0 );
   assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 || pMem->szMalloc==0 );
   if( pMem->szMalloc<szNew ){
     return sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, szNew, 0);
   }
   assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
   pMem->z = pMem->zMalloc;
-  pMem->flags &= (MEM_Null|MEM_Int|MEM_Real);
+  pMem->flags &= (MEM_Null|MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
 ** It is already known that pMem contains an unterminated string.
 ** Add the zero terminator.
+**
+** Three bytes of zero are added.  In this way, there is guaranteed
+** to be a double-zero byte at an even byte boundary in order to
+** terminate a UTF16 string, even if the initial size of the buffer
+** is an odd number of bytes.
 */
 static SQLITE_NOINLINE int vdbeMemAddTerminator(Mem *pMem){
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, pMem->n+2, 1) ){
+  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, pMem->n+3, 1) ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
   pMem->z[pMem->n] = 0;
   pMem->z[pMem->n+1] = 0;
+  pMem->z[pMem->n+2] = 0;
   pMem->flags |= MEM_Term;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -73959,13 +76430,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(Mem *pMem){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(Mem *pMem){
   int nByte;
   assert( pMem->flags & MEM_Zero );
-  assert( pMem->flags&MEM_Blob );
+  assert( (pMem->flags&MEM_Blob)!=0 || MemNullNochng(pMem) );
+  testcase( sqlite3_value_nochange(pMem) );
   assert( !sqlite3VdbeMemIsRowSet(pMem) );
   assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
 
   /* Set nByte to the number of bytes required to store the expanded blob. */
   nByte = pMem->n + pMem->u.nZero;
   if( nByte<=0 ){
+    if( (pMem->flags & MEM_Blob)==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
     nByte = 1;
   }
   if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, nByte, 1) ){
@@ -73994,12 +76467,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(Mem *pMem){
 }
 
 /*
-** Add MEM_Str to the set of representations for the given Mem.  Numbers
-** are converted using sqlite3_snprintf().  Converting a BLOB to a string
-** is a no-op.
+** Add MEM_Str to the set of representations for the given Mem.  This
+** routine is only called if pMem is a number of some kind, not a NULL
+** or a BLOB.
 **
-** Existing representations MEM_Int and MEM_Real are invalidated if
-** bForce is true but are retained if bForce is false.
+** Existing representations MEM_Int, MEM_Real, or MEM_IntReal are invalidated
+** if bForce is true but are retained if bForce is false.
 **
 ** A MEM_Null value will never be passed to this function. This function is
 ** used for converting values to text for returning to the user (i.e. via
@@ -74008,13 +76481,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(Mem *pMem){
 ** user and the latter is an internal programming error.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(Mem *pMem, u8 enc, u8 bForce){
-  int fg = pMem->flags;
   const int nByte = 32;
 
   assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-  assert( !(fg&MEM_Zero) );
-  assert( !(fg&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob)) );
-  assert( fg&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real) );
+  assert( !(pMem->flags&MEM_Zero) );
+  assert( !(pMem->flags&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob)) );
+  assert( pMem->flags&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal) );
   assert( !sqlite3VdbeMemIsRowSet(pMem) );
   assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
 
@@ -74024,22 +76496,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(Mem *pMem, u8 enc, u8 bForce){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
 
-  /* For a Real or Integer, use sqlite3_snprintf() to produce the UTF-8
-  ** string representation of the value. Then, if the required encoding
-  ** is UTF-16le or UTF-16be do a translation.
-  ** 
-  ** FIX ME: It would be better if sqlite3_snprintf() could do UTF-16.
-  */
-  if( fg & MEM_Int ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nByte, pMem->z, "%lld", pMem->u.i);
-  }else{
-    assert( fg & MEM_Real );
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nByte, pMem->z, "%!.15g", pMem->u.r);
-  }
-  pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
+  vdbeMemRenderNum(nByte, pMem->z, pMem);
+  assert( pMem->z!=0 );
+  pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30NN(pMem->z);
   pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
   pMem->flags |= MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-  if( bForce ) pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real);
+  if( bForce ) pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal);
   sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pMem, enc);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -74078,21 +76540,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(Mem *pMem, FuncDef *pFunc){
 ** This routine calls the xValue method for that function and stores
 ** the results in memory cell pMem.
 **
-** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if xValue() reports an error. SQLITE_OK 
+** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if xValue() reports an error. SQLITE_OK
 ** otherwise.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemAggValue(Mem *pAccum, Mem *pOut, FuncDef *pFunc){
   sqlite3_context ctx;
-  Mem t;
   assert( pFunc!=0 );
   assert( pFunc->xValue!=0 );
   assert( (pAccum->flags & MEM_Null)!=0 || pFunc==pAccum->u.pDef );
   assert( pAccum->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pAccum->db->mutex) );
   memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
-  memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
-  t.flags = MEM_Null;
-  t.db = pAccum->db;
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
   ctx.pOut = pOut;
   ctx.pMem = pAccum;
@@ -74213,12 +76671,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3VdbeIntValue(Mem *pMem){
   assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
   assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
   flags = pMem->flags;
-  if( flags & MEM_Int ){
+  if( flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
+    testcase( flags & MEM_IntReal );
     return pMem->u.i;
   }else if( flags & MEM_Real ){
     return doubleToInt64(pMem->u.r);
-  }else if( flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
-    assert( pMem->z || pMem->n==0 );
+  }else if( (flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))!=0 && pMem->z!=0 ){
     return memIntValue(pMem);
   }else{
     return 0;
@@ -74242,7 +76700,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE double sqlite3VdbeRealValue(Mem *pMem){
   assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
   if( pMem->flags & MEM_Real ){
     return pMem->u.r;
-  }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Int ){
+  }else if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
+    testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_IntReal );
     return (double)pMem->u.i;
   }else if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
     return memRealValue(pMem);
@@ -74254,10 +76713,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE double sqlite3VdbeRealValue(Mem *pMem){
 
 /*
 ** Return 1 if pMem represents true, and return 0 if pMem represents false.
-** Return the value ifNull if pMem is NULL.  
+** Return the value ifNull if pMem is NULL.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeBooleanValue(Mem *pMem, int ifNull){
-  if( pMem->flags & MEM_Int ) return pMem->u.i!=0;
+  testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_IntReal );
+  if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ) return pMem->u.i!=0;
   if( pMem->flags & MEM_Null ) return ifNull;
   return sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pMem)!=0.0;
 }
@@ -74320,17 +76780,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(Mem *pMem){
 /* Compare a floating point value to an integer.  Return true if the two
 ** values are the same within the precision of the floating point value.
 **
+** This function assumes that i was obtained by assignment from r1.
+**
 ** For some versions of GCC on 32-bit machines, if you do the more obvious
 ** comparison of "r1==(double)i" you sometimes get an answer of false even
 ** though the r1 and (double)i values are bit-for-bit the same.
 */
-static int sqlite3RealSameAsInt(double r1, sqlite3_int64 i){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RealSameAsInt(double r1, sqlite3_int64 i){
   double r2 = (double)i;
-  return memcmp(&r1, &r2, sizeof(r1))==0;
+  return r1==0.0
+      || (memcmp(&r1, &r2, sizeof(r1))==0
+          && i >= -2251799813685248LL && i < 2251799813685248LL);
 }
 
 /*
-** Convert pMem so that it has types MEM_Real or MEM_Int or both.
+** Convert pMem so that it has type MEM_Real or MEM_Int.
 ** Invalidate any prior representations.
 **
 ** Every effort is made to force the conversion, even if the input
@@ -74338,25 +76802,26 @@ static int sqlite3RealSameAsInt(double r1, sqlite3_int64 i){
 ** as much of the string as we can and ignore the rest.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem *pMem){
-  if( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Null))==0 ){
+  testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Int );
+  testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Real );
+  testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_IntReal );
+  testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Null );
+  if( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Null))==0 ){
     int rc;
+    sqlite3_int64 ix;
     assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str))!=0 );
     assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-    rc = sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc);
-    if( rc==0 ){
+    rc = sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &pMem->u.r, pMem->n, pMem->enc);
+    if( ((rc==0 || rc==1) && sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &ix, pMem->n, pMem->enc)<=1)
+     || sqlite3RealSameAsInt(pMem->u.r, (ix = (i64)pMem->u.r))
+    ){
+      pMem->u.i = ix;
       MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
     }else{
-      i64 i = pMem->u.i;
-      sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &pMem->u.r, pMem->n, pMem->enc);
-      if( rc==1 && sqlite3RealSameAsInt(pMem->u.r, i) ){
-        pMem->u.i = i;
-        MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
-      }else{
-        MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Real);
-      }
+      MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Real);
     }
   }
-  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Null))!=0 );
+  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Null))!=0 );
   pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob|MEM_Zero);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -74368,8 +76833,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem *pMem){
 ** affinity even if that results in loss of data.  This routine is
 ** used (for example) to implement the SQL "cast()" operator.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemCast(Mem *pMem, u8 aff, u8 encoding){
-  if( pMem->flags & MEM_Null ) return;
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemCast(Mem *pMem, u8 aff, u8 encoding){
+  if( pMem->flags & MEM_Null ) return SQLITE_OK;
   switch( aff ){
     case SQLITE_AFF_BLOB: {   /* Really a cast to BLOB */
       if( (pMem->flags & MEM_Blob)==0 ){
@@ -74399,10 +76864,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemCast(Mem *pMem, u8 aff, u8 encoding){
       pMem->flags |= (pMem->flags&MEM_Blob)>>3;
       sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pMem, SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, encoding);
       assert( pMem->flags & MEM_Str || pMem->db->mallocFailed );
-      pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Blob|MEM_Zero);
-      break;
+      pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Blob|MEM_Zero);
+      return sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pMem, encoding);
     }
   }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -74438,7 +76904,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(Mem *pMem){
   }
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value *p){
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull((Mem*)p); 
+  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull((Mem*)p);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -74559,7 +77025,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(Mem *p){
     }
     return n>p->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH];
   }
-  return 0; 
+  return 0;
 }
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
@@ -74568,26 +77034,28 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(Mem *p){
 ** its link to a shallow copy and by marking any current shallow
 ** copies of this cell as invalid.
 **
-** This is used for testing and debugging only - to make sure shallow
-** copies are not misused.
+** This is used for testing and debugging only - to help ensure that shallow
+** copies (created by OP_SCopy) are not misused.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemAboutToChange(Vdbe *pVdbe, Mem *pMem){
   int i;
   Mem *pX;
-  for(i=0, pX=pVdbe->aMem; i<pVdbe->nMem; i++, pX++){
+  for(i=1, pX=pVdbe->aMem+1; i<pVdbe->nMem; i++, pX++){
     if( pX->pScopyFrom==pMem ){
-      /* If pX is marked as a shallow copy of pMem, then verify that
+      u16 mFlags;
+      if( pVdbe->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){
+        sqlite3DebugPrintf("Invalidate R[%d] due to change in R[%d]\n",
+          (int)(pX - pVdbe->aMem), (int)(pMem - pVdbe->aMem));
+      }
+      /* If pX is marked as a shallow copy of pMem, then try to verify that
       ** no significant changes have been made to pX since the OP_SCopy.
       ** A significant change would indicated a missed call to this
       ** function for pX.  Minor changes, such as adding or removing a
       ** dual type, are allowed, as long as the underlying value is the
       ** same. */
-      u16 mFlags = pMem->flags & pX->flags & pX->mScopyFlags;
-      assert( (mFlags&MEM_Int)==0 || pMem->u.i==pX->u.i );
-      assert( (mFlags&MEM_Real)==0 || pMem->u.r==pX->u.r );
-      assert( (mFlags&MEM_Str)==0  || (pMem->n==pX->n && pMem->z==pX->z) );
-      assert( (mFlags&MEM_Blob)==0  || sqlite3BlobCompare(pMem,pX)==0 );
-      
+      mFlags = pMem->flags & pX->flags & pX->mScopyFlags;
+      assert( (mFlags&(MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal))==0 || pMem->u.i==pX->u.i );
+
       /* pMem is the register that is changing.  But also mark pX as
       ** undefined so that we can quickly detect the shallow-copy error */
       pX->flags = MEM_Undefined;
@@ -74598,7 +77066,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemAboutToChange(Vdbe *pVdbe, Mem *pMem){
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
 
-
 /*
 ** Make an shallow copy of pFrom into pTo.  Prior contents of
 ** pTo are freed.  The pFrom->z field is not duplicated.  If
@@ -74664,8 +77131,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemMove(Mem *pTo, Mem *pFrom){
 ** Change the value of a Mem to be a string or a BLOB.
 **
 ** The memory management strategy depends on the value of the xDel
-** parameter. If the value passed is SQLITE_TRANSIENT, then the 
-** string is copied into a (possibly existing) buffer managed by the 
+** parameter. If the value passed is SQLITE_TRANSIENT, then the
+** string is copied into a (possibly existing) buffer managed by the
 ** Mem structure. Otherwise, any existing buffer is freed and the
 ** pointer copied.
 **
@@ -74705,7 +77172,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(
     assert( enc!=0 );
     if( enc==SQLITE_UTF8 ){
       nByte = 0x7fffffff & (int)strlen(z);
-      if( nByte>iLimit ) nByte = iLimit+1;
     }else{
       for(nByte=0; nByte<=iLimit && (z[nByte] | z[nByte+1]); nByte+=2){}
     }
@@ -74717,37 +77183,47 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(
   ** management (one of MEM_Dyn or MEM_Static).
   */
   if( xDel==SQLITE_TRANSIENT ){
-    int nAlloc = nByte;
+    u32 nAlloc = nByte;
     if( flags&MEM_Term ){
       nAlloc += (enc==SQLITE_UTF8?1:2);
     }
     if( nByte>iLimit ){
-      return SQLITE_TOOBIG;
+      return sqlite3ErrorToParser(pMem->db, SQLITE_TOOBIG);
     }
     testcase( nAlloc==0 );
     testcase( nAlloc==31 );
     testcase( nAlloc==32 );
-    if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, MAX(nAlloc,32)) ){
+    if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, (int)MAX(nAlloc,32)) ){
       return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
     }
     memcpy(pMem->z, z, nAlloc);
-  }else if( xDel==SQLITE_DYNAMIC ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
-    pMem->zMalloc = pMem->z = (char *)z;
-    pMem->szMalloc = sqlite3DbMallocSize(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc);
   }else{
     sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
     pMem->z = (char *)z;
-    pMem->xDel = xDel;
-    flags |= ((xDel==SQLITE_STATIC)?MEM_Static:MEM_Dyn);
+    if( xDel==SQLITE_DYNAMIC ){
+      pMem->zMalloc = pMem->z;
+      pMem->szMalloc = sqlite3DbMallocSize(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc);
+    }else{
+      pMem->xDel = xDel;
+      flags |= ((xDel==SQLITE_STATIC)?MEM_Static:MEM_Dyn);
+    }
   }
 
   pMem->n = nByte;
   pMem->flags = flags;
-  pMem->enc = (enc==0 ? SQLITE_UTF8 : enc);
+  if( enc ){
+    pMem->enc = enc;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION
+  }else if( pMem->db==0 ){
+    pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
+#endif
+  }else{
+    assert( pMem->db!=0 );
+    pMem->enc = ENC(pMem->db);
+  }
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-  if( pMem->enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 && sqlite3VdbeMemHandleBom(pMem) ){
+  if( enc>SQLITE_UTF8 && sqlite3VdbeMemHandleBom(pMem) ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
 #endif
@@ -74774,7 +77250,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(
 ** If this routine fails for any reason (malloc returns NULL or unable
 ** to read from the disk) then the pMem is left in an inconsistent state.
 */
-static SQLITE_NOINLINE int vdbeMemFromBtreeResize(
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(
   BtCursor *pCur,   /* Cursor pointing at record to retrieve. */
   u32 offset,       /* Offset from the start of data to return bytes from. */
   u32 amt,          /* Number of bytes to return. */
@@ -74782,6 +77258,9 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int vdbeMemFromBtreeResize(
 ){
   int rc;
   pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
+  if( sqlite3BtreeMaxRecordSize(pCur)<offset+amt ){
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+  }
   if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, amt+1)) ){
     rc = sqlite3BtreePayload(pCur, offset, amt, pMem->z);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -74794,31 +77273,28 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int vdbeMemFromBtreeResize(
   }
   return rc;
 }
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtreeZeroOffset(
   BtCursor *pCur,   /* Cursor pointing at record to retrieve. */
-  u32 offset,       /* Offset from the start of data to return bytes from. */
   u32 amt,          /* Number of bytes to return. */
   Mem *pMem         /* OUT: Return data in this Mem structure. */
 ){
-  char *zData;        /* Data from the btree layer */
   u32 available = 0;  /* Number of bytes available on the local btree page */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK; /* Return code */
 
   assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCur) );
   assert( !VdbeMemDynamic(pMem) );
 
-  /* Note: the calls to BtreeKeyFetch() and DataFetch() below assert() 
+  /* Note: the calls to BtreeKeyFetch() and DataFetch() below assert()
   ** that both the BtShared and database handle mutexes are held. */
   assert( !sqlite3VdbeMemIsRowSet(pMem) );
-  zData = (char *)sqlite3BtreePayloadFetch(pCur, &available);
-  assert( zData!=0 );
+  pMem->z = (char *)sqlite3BtreePayloadFetch(pCur, &available);
+  assert( pMem->z!=0 );
 
-  if( offset+amt<=available ){
-    pMem->z = &zData[offset];
+  if( amt<=available ){
     pMem->flags = MEM_Blob|MEM_Ephem;
     pMem->n = (int)amt;
   }else{
-    rc = vdbeMemFromBtreeResize(pCur, offset, amt, pMem);
+    rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(pCur, 0, amt, pMem);
   }
 
   return rc;
@@ -74855,7 +77331,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE const void *valueToText(sqlite3_value* pVal, u8 enc){
   assert(pVal->enc==(enc & ~SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED) || pVal->db==0
               || pVal->db->mallocFailed );
   if( pVal->enc==(enc & ~SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED) ){
-    assert( sqlite3VdbeMemConsistentDualRep(pVal) );
+    assert( sqlite3VdbeMemValidStrRep(pVal) );
     return pVal->z;
   }else{
     return 0;
@@ -74878,7 +77354,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value* pVal, u8 enc){
   assert( (enc&3)==(enc&~SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED) );
   assert( !sqlite3VdbeMemIsRowSet(pVal) );
   if( (pVal->flags&(MEM_Str|MEM_Term))==(MEM_Str|MEM_Term) && pVal->enc==enc ){
-    assert( sqlite3VdbeMemConsistentDualRep(pVal) );
+    assert( sqlite3VdbeMemValidStrRep(pVal) );
     return pVal->z;
   }
   if( pVal->flags&MEM_Null ){
@@ -74900,7 +77376,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *db){
 }
 
 /*
-** Context object passed by sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue() through to 
+** Context object passed by sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue() through to
 ** valueNew(). See comments above valueNew() for details.
 */
 struct ValueNewStat4Ctx {
@@ -74915,14 +77391,14 @@ struct ValueNewStat4Ctx {
 ** the second argument to this function is NULL, the object is allocated
 ** by calling sqlite3ValueNew().
 **
-** Otherwise, if the second argument is non-zero, then this function is 
+** Otherwise, if the second argument is non-zero, then this function is
 ** being called indirectly by sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(). If it has not
-** already been allocated, allocate the UnpackedRecord structure that 
+** already been allocated, allocate the UnpackedRecord structure that
 ** that function will return to its caller here. Then return a pointer to
 ** an sqlite3_value within the UnpackedRecord.a[] array.
 */
 static sqlite3_value *valueNew(sqlite3 *db, struct ValueNewStat4Ctx *p){
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   if( p ){
     UnpackedRecord *pRec = p->ppRec[0];
 
@@ -74931,7 +77407,7 @@ static sqlite3_value *valueNew(sqlite3 *db, struct ValueNewStat4Ctx *p){
       int nByte;                  /* Bytes of space to allocate */
       int i;                      /* Counter variable */
       int nCol = pIdx->nColumn;   /* Number of index columns including rowid */
-  
+
       nByte = sizeof(Mem) * nCol + ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord));
       pRec = (UnpackedRecord*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
       if( pRec ){
@@ -74952,13 +77428,13 @@ static sqlite3_value *valueNew(sqlite3 *db, struct ValueNewStat4Ctx *p){
       if( pRec==0 ) return 0;
       p->ppRec[0] = pRec;
     }
-  
+
     pRec->nField = p->iVal+1;
     return &pRec->aMem[p->iVal];
   }
 #else
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(p);
-#endif /* defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4) */
+#endif /* defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4) */
   return sqlite3ValueNew(db);
 }
 
@@ -74971,18 +77447,18 @@ static sqlite3_value *valueNew(sqlite3 *db, struct ValueNewStat4Ctx *p){
 **   * the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL function flag is not set,
 **
 ** then this routine attempts to invoke the SQL function. Assuming no
-** error occurs, output parameter (*ppVal) is set to point to a value 
+** error occurs, output parameter (*ppVal) is set to point to a value
 ** object containing the result before returning SQLITE_OK.
 **
 ** Affinity aff is applied to the result of the function before returning.
-** If the result is a text value, the sqlite3_value object uses encoding 
+** If the result is a text value, the sqlite3_value object uses encoding
 ** enc.
 **
 ** If the conditions above are not met, this function returns SQLITE_OK
 ** and sets (*ppVal) to NULL. Or, if an error occurs, (*ppVal) is set to
 ** NULL and an SQLite error code returned.
 */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
 static int valueFromFunction(
   sqlite3 *db,                    /* The database connection */
   Expr *p,                        /* The expression to evaluate */
@@ -75006,7 +77482,7 @@ static int valueFromFunction(
   if( pList ) nVal = pList->nExpr;
   pFunc = sqlite3FindFunction(db, p->u.zToken, nVal, enc, 0);
   assert( pFunc );
-  if( (pFunc->funcFlags & (SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG))==0 
+  if( (pFunc->funcFlags & (SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG))==0
    || (pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)
   ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -75065,7 +77541,7 @@ static int valueFromFunction(
 }
 #else
 # define valueFromFunction(a,b,c,d,e,f) SQLITE_OK
-#endif /* defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4) */
+#endif /* defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4) */
 
 /*
 ** Extract a value from the supplied expression in the manner described
@@ -75094,7 +77570,7 @@ static int valueFromExpr(
 
   assert( pExpr!=0 );
   while( (op = pExpr->op)==TK_UPLUS || op==TK_SPAN ) pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4)
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4)
   if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = pExpr->op2;
 #else
   if( NEVER(op==TK_REGISTER) ) op = pExpr->op2;
@@ -75143,20 +77619,29 @@ static int valueFromExpr(
     }else{
       sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, affinity, SQLITE_UTF8);
     }
-    if( pVal->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real) ) pVal->flags &= ~MEM_Str;
+    assert( (pVal->flags & MEM_IntReal)==0 );
+    if( pVal->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Real) ){
+      testcase( pVal->flags & MEM_Int );
+      testcase( pVal->flags & MEM_Real );
+      pVal->flags &= ~MEM_Str;
+    }
     if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
       rc = sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pVal, enc);
     }
   }else if( op==TK_UMINUS ) {
     /* This branch happens for multiple negative signs.  Ex: -(-5) */
-    if( SQLITE_OK==valueFromExpr(db,pExpr->pLeft,enc,affinity,&pVal,pCtx) 
+    if( SQLITE_OK==valueFromExpr(db,pExpr->pLeft,enc,affinity,&pVal,pCtx)
      && pVal!=0
     ){
       sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(pVal);
       if( pVal->flags & MEM_Real ){
         pVal->u.r = -pVal->u.r;
       }else if( pVal->u.i==SMALLEST_INT64 ){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
         pVal->u.r = -(double)SMALLEST_INT64;
+#else
+        pVal->u.r = LARGEST_INT64;
+#endif
         MemSetTypeFlag(pVal, MEM_Real);
       }else{
         pVal->u.i = -pVal->u.i;
@@ -75166,7 +77651,7 @@ static int valueFromExpr(
   }else if( op==TK_NULL ){
     pVal = valueNew(db, pCtx);
     if( pVal==0 ) goto no_mem;
-    sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(pVal);
+    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pVal);
   }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
   else if( op==TK_BLOB ){
@@ -75182,28 +77667,30 @@ static int valueFromExpr(
                          0, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
   }
 #endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   else if( op==TK_FUNCTION && pCtx!=0 ){
     rc = valueFromFunction(db, pExpr, enc, affinity, &pVal, pCtx);
   }
 #endif
   else if( op==TK_TRUEFALSE ){
-     pVal = valueNew(db, pCtx);
-     pVal->flags = MEM_Int;
-     pVal->u.i = pExpr->u.zToken[4]==0;
+    pVal = valueNew(db, pCtx);
+    if( pVal ){
+      pVal->flags = MEM_Int;
+      pVal->u.i = pExpr->u.zToken[4]==0;
+    }
   }
 
   *ppVal = pVal;
   return rc;
 
 no_mem:
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   if( pCtx==0 || pCtx->pParse->nErr==0 )
 #endif
     sqlite3OomFault(db);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, zVal);
   assert( *ppVal==0 );
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   if( pCtx==0 ) sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
 #else
   assert( pCtx==0 ); sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
@@ -75231,56 +77718,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(
   return pExpr ? valueFromExpr(db, pExpr, enc, affinity, ppVal, 0) : 0;
 }
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-/*
-** The implementation of the sqlite_record() function. This function accepts
-** a single argument of any type. The return value is a formatted database 
-** record (a blob) containing the argument value.
-**
-** This is used to convert the value stored in the 'sample' column of the
-** sqlite_stat3 table to the record format SQLite uses internally.
-*/
-static void recordFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  const int file_format = 1;
-  u32 iSerial;                    /* Serial type */
-  int nSerial;                    /* Bytes of space for iSerial as varint */
-  u32 nVal;                       /* Bytes of space required for argv[0] */
-  int nRet;
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  u8 *aRet;
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER( argc );
-  iSerial = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(argv[0], file_format, &nVal);
-  nSerial = sqlite3VarintLen(iSerial);
-  db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
-
-  nRet = 1 + nSerial + nVal;
-  aRet = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, nRet);
-  if( aRet==0 ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
-  }else{
-    aRet[0] = nSerial+1;
-    putVarint32(&aRet[1], iSerial);
-    sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(&aRet[1+nSerial], argv[0], iSerial);
-    sqlite3_result_blob(context, aRet, nRet, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-    sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, aRet);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Register built-in functions used to help read ANALYZE data.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AnalyzeFunctions(void){
-  static FuncDef aAnalyzeTableFuncs[] = {
-    FUNCTION(sqlite_record,   1, 0, 0, recordFunc),
-  };
-  sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(aAnalyzeTableFuncs, ArraySize(aAnalyzeTableFuncs));
-}
-
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
 /*
 ** Attempt to extract a value from pExpr and use it to construct *ppVal.
 **
@@ -75341,8 +77779,8 @@ static int stat4ValueFromExpr(
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is used to allocate and populate UnpackedRecord 
-** structures intended to be compared against sample index keys stored 
+** This function is used to allocate and populate UnpackedRecord
+** structures intended to be compared against sample index keys stored
 ** in the sqlite_stat4 table.
 **
 ** A single call to this function populates zero or more fields of the
@@ -75353,14 +77791,14 @@ static int stat4ValueFromExpr(
 **
 **  * The expression is a bound variable, and this is a reprepare, or
 **
-**  * The sqlite3ValueFromExpr() function is able to extract a value 
+**  * The sqlite3ValueFromExpr() function is able to extract a value
 **    from the expression (i.e. the expression is a literal value).
 **
 ** Or, if pExpr is a TK_VECTOR, one field is populated for each of the
 ** vector components that match either of the two latter criteria listed
 ** above.
 **
-** Before any value is appended to the record, the affinity of the 
+** Before any value is appended to the record, the affinity of the
 ** corresponding column within index pIdx is applied to it. Before
 ** this function returns, output parameter *pnExtract is set to the
 ** number of values appended to the record.
@@ -75411,9 +77849,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
 
 /*
 ** Attempt to extract a value from expression pExpr using the methods
-** as described for sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue() above. 
+** as described for sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue() above.
 **
-** If successful, set *ppVal to point to a new value object and return 
+** If successful, set *ppVal to point to a new value object and return
 ** SQLITE_OK. If no value can be extracted, but no other error occurs
 ** (e.g. OOM), return SQLITE_OK and set *ppVal to NULL. Or, if an error
 ** does occur, return an SQLite error code. The final value of *ppVal
@@ -75433,7 +77871,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(
 ** the column value into *ppVal.  If *ppVal is initially NULL then a new
 ** sqlite3_value object is allocated.
 **
-** If *ppVal is initially NULL then the caller is responsible for 
+** If *ppVal is initially NULL then the caller is responsible for
 ** ensuring that the value written into *ppVal is eventually freed.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Stat4Column(
@@ -75557,11 +77995,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value *pVal, u8 enc){
 **
 *************************************************************************
 ** This file contains code used for creating, destroying, and populating
-** a VDBE (or an "sqlite3_stmt" as it is known to the outside world.) 
+** a VDBE (or an "sqlite3_stmt" as it is known to the outside world.)
 */
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 /* #include "vdbeInt.h" */
 
+/* Forward references */
+static void freeEphemeralFunction(sqlite3 *db, FuncDef *pDef);
+static void vdbeFreeOpArray(sqlite3 *, Op *, int);
+
 /*
 ** Create a new virtual database engine.
 */
@@ -75583,12 +78025,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Vdbe *sqlite3VdbeCreate(Parse *pParse){
   pParse->pVdbe = p;
   assert( pParse->aLabel==0 );
   assert( pParse->nLabel==0 );
-  assert( pParse->nOpAlloc==0 );
+  assert( p->nOpAlloc==0 );
   assert( pParse->szOpAlloc==0 );
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(p, OP_Init, 0, 1);
   return p;
 }
 
+/*
+** Return the Parse object that owns a Vdbe object.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Parse *sqlite3VdbeParser(Vdbe *p){
+  return p->pParse;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Change the error string stored in Vdbe.zErrMsg
 */
@@ -75613,6 +78062,43 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe *p, const char *z, int n, u8 prepFlag
   p->zSql = sqlite3DbStrNDup(p->db, z, n);
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
+/*
+** Add a new element to the Vdbe->pDblStr list.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeAddDblquoteStr(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p, const char *z){
+  if( p ){
+    int n = sqlite3Strlen30(z);
+    DblquoteStr *pStr = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db,
+                            sizeof(*pStr)+n+1-sizeof(pStr->z));
+    if( pStr ){
+      pStr->pNextStr = p->pDblStr;
+      p->pDblStr = pStr;
+      memcpy(pStr->z, z, n+1);
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
+/*
+** zId of length nId is a double-quoted identifier.  Check to see if
+** that identifier is really used as a string literal.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeUsesDoubleQuotedString(
+  Vdbe *pVdbe,            /* The prepared statement */
+  const char *zId         /* The double-quoted identifier, already dequoted */
+){
+  DblquoteStr *pStr;
+  assert( zId!=0 );
+  if( pVdbe->pDblStr==0 ) return 0;
+  for(pStr=pVdbe->pDblStr; pStr; pStr=pStr->pNextStr){
+    if( strcmp(zId, pStr->z)==0 ) return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Swap all content between two VDBE structures.
 */
@@ -75632,6 +78118,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSwap(Vdbe *pA, Vdbe *pB){
   zTmp = pA->zSql;
   pA->zSql = pB->zSql;
   pB->zSql = zTmp;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
+  zTmp = pA->zNormSql;
+  pA->zNormSql = pB->zNormSql;
+  pB->zNormSql = zTmp;
+#endif
   pB->expmask = pA->expmask;
   pB->prepFlags = pA->prepFlags;
   memcpy(pB->aCounter, pA->aCounter, sizeof(pB->aCounter));
@@ -75639,13 +78130,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSwap(Vdbe *pA, Vdbe *pB){
 }
 
 /*
-** Resize the Vdbe.aOp array so that it is at least nOp elements larger 
+** Resize the Vdbe.aOp array so that it is at least nOp elements larger
 ** than its current size. nOp is guaranteed to be less than or equal
 ** to 1024/sizeof(Op).
 **
 ** If an out-of-memory error occurs while resizing the array, return
-** SQLITE_NOMEM. In this case Vdbe.aOp and Parse.nOpAlloc remain 
-** unchanged (this is so that any opcodes already allocated can be 
+** SQLITE_NOMEM. In this case Vdbe.aOp and Vdbe.nOpAlloc remain
+** unchanged (this is so that any opcodes already allocated can be
 ** correctly deallocated along with the rest of the Vdbe).
 */
 static int growOpArray(Vdbe *v, int nOp){
@@ -75653,16 +78144,18 @@ static int growOpArray(Vdbe *v, int nOp){
   Parse *p = v->pParse;
 
   /* The SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS compile-time option is designed to force
-  ** more frequent reallocs and hence provide more opportunities for 
+  ** more frequent reallocs and hence provide more opportunities for
   ** simulated OOM faults.  SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is generally used
   ** during testing only.  With SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS grow the op array
   ** by the minimum* amount required until the size reaches 512.  Normal
   ** operation (without SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS) is to double the current
   ** size of the op array or add 1KB of space, whichever is smaller. */
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS
-  int nNew = (p->nOpAlloc>=512 ? p->nOpAlloc*2 : p->nOpAlloc+nOp);
+  sqlite3_int64 nNew = (v->nOpAlloc>=512 ? 2*(sqlite3_int64)v->nOpAlloc
+                        : (sqlite3_int64)v->nOpAlloc+nOp);
 #else
-  int nNew = (p->nOpAlloc ? p->nOpAlloc*2 : (int)(1024/sizeof(Op)));
+  sqlite3_int64 nNew = (v->nOpAlloc ? 2*(sqlite3_int64)v->nOpAlloc
+                        : (sqlite3_int64)(1024/sizeof(Op)));
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(nOp);
 #endif
 
@@ -75673,11 +78166,11 @@ static int growOpArray(Vdbe *v, int nOp){
   }
 
   assert( nOp<=(1024/sizeof(Op)) );
-  assert( nNew>=(p->nOpAlloc+nOp) );
+  assert( nNew>=(v->nOpAlloc+nOp) );
   pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(p->db, v->aOp, nNew*sizeof(Op));
   if( pNew ){
     p->szOpAlloc = sqlite3DbMallocSize(p->db, pNew);
-    p->nOpAlloc = p->szOpAlloc/sizeof(Op);
+    v->nOpAlloc = p->szOpAlloc/sizeof(Op);
     v->aOp = pNew;
   }
   return (pNew ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT);
@@ -75686,9 +78179,16 @@ static int growOpArray(Vdbe *v, int nOp){
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 /* This routine is just a convenient place to set a breakpoint that will
 ** fire after each opcode is inserted and displayed using
-** "PRAGMA vdbe_addoptrace=on".
+** "PRAGMA vdbe_addoptrace=on".  Parameters "pc" (program counter) and
+** pOp are available to make the breakpoint conditional.
+**
+** Other useful labels for breakpoints include:
+**   test_trace_breakpoint(pc,pOp)
+**   sqlite3CorruptError(lineno)
+**   sqlite3MisuseError(lineno)
+**   sqlite3CantopenError(lineno)
 */
-static void test_addop_breakpoint(void){
+static void test_addop_breakpoint(int pc, Op *pOp){
   static int n = 0;
   n++;
 }
@@ -75711,9 +78211,9 @@ static void test_addop_breakpoint(void){
 ** operand.
 */
 static SQLITE_NOINLINE int growOp3(Vdbe *p, int op, int p1, int p2, int p3){
-  assert( p->pParse->nOpAlloc<=p->nOp );
+  assert( p->nOpAlloc<=p->nOp );
   if( growOpArray(p, 1) ) return 1;
-  assert( p->pParse->nOpAlloc>p->nOp );
+  assert( p->nOpAlloc>p->nOp );
   return sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(p, op, p1, p2, p3);
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(Vdbe *p, int op, int p1, int p2, int p3){
@@ -75723,7 +78223,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(Vdbe *p, int op, int p1, int p2, int p3){
   i = p->nOp;
   assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
   assert( op>=0 && op<0xff );
-  if( p->pParse->nOpAlloc<=i ){
+  if( p->nOpAlloc<=i ){
     return growOp3(p, op, p1, p2, p3);
   }
   p->nOp++;
@@ -75741,7 +78241,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(Vdbe *p, int op, int p1, int p2, int p3){
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   if( p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace ){
     sqlite3VdbePrintOp(0, i, &p->aOp[i]);
-    test_addop_breakpoint();
+    test_addop_breakpoint(i, &p->aOp[i]);
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
@@ -75824,6 +78324,49 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(
   return addr;
 }
 
+/*
+** Add an OP_Function or OP_PureFunc opcode.
+**
+** The eCallCtx argument is information (typically taken from Expr.op2)
+** that describes the calling context of the function.  0 means a general
+** function call.  NC_IsCheck means called by a check constraint,
+** NC_IdxExpr means called as part of an index expression.  NC_PartIdx
+** means in the WHERE clause of a partial index.  NC_GenCol means called
+** while computing a generated column value.  0 is the usual case.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddFunctionCall(
+  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
+  int p1,               /* Constant argument mask */
+  int p2,               /* First argument register */
+  int p3,               /* Register into which results are written */
+  int nArg,             /* Number of argument */
+  const FuncDef *pFunc, /* The function to be invoked */
+  int eCallCtx          /* Calling context */
+){
+  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
+  int nByte;
+  int addr;
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx;
+  assert( v );
+  nByte = sizeof(*pCtx) + (nArg-1)*sizeof(sqlite3_value*);
+  pCtx = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(pParse->db, nByte);
+  if( pCtx==0 ){
+    assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
+    freeEphemeralFunction(pParse->db, (FuncDef*)pFunc);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  pCtx->pOut = 0;
+  pCtx->pFunc = (FuncDef*)pFunc;
+  pCtx->pVdbe = 0;
+  pCtx->isError = 0;
+  pCtx->argc = nArg;
+  pCtx->iOp = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+  addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, eCallCtx ? OP_PureFunc : OP_Function,
+                           p1, p2, p3, (char*)pCtx, P4_FUNCCTX);
+  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, eCallCtx & NC_SelfRef);
+  return addr;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Add an opcode that includes the p4 value with a P4_INT64 or
 ** P4_REAL type.
@@ -75854,6 +78397,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExplainParent(Parse *pParse){
   return pOp->p2;
 }
 
+/*
+** Set a debugger breakpoint on the following routine in order to
+** monitor the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN code generation.
+*/
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExplainBreakpoint(const char *z1, const char *z2){
+  (void)z1;
+  (void)z2;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Add a new OP_Explain opcode.
 **
@@ -75861,7 +78415,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExplainParent(Parse *pParse){
 ** subsequent Explains until sqlite3VdbeExplainPop() is called.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeExplain(Parse *pParse, u8 bPush, const char *zFmt, ...){
-  if( pParse->explain==2 ){
+#ifndef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  /* Always include the OP_Explain opcodes if SQLITE_DEBUG is defined.
+  ** But omit them (for performance) during production builds */
+  if( pParse->explain==2 )
+#endif
+  {
     char *zMsg;
     Vdbe *v;
     va_list ap;
@@ -75873,7 +78432,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeExplain(Parse *pParse, u8 bPush, const char *zFmt
     iThis = v->nOp;
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Explain, iThis, pParse->addrExplain, 0,
                       zMsg, P4_DYNAMIC);
-    if( bPush) pParse->addrExplain = iThis;
+    sqlite3ExplainBreakpoint(bPush?"PUSH":"", sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v,-1)->p4.z);
+    if( bPush){
+      pParse->addrExplain = iThis;
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -75881,6 +78443,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeExplain(Parse *pParse, u8 bPush, const char *zFmt
 ** Pop the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN stack one level.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeExplainPop(Parse *pParse){
+  sqlite3ExplainBreakpoint("POP", 0);
   pParse->addrExplain = sqlite3VdbeExplainParent(pParse);
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN */
@@ -75897,6 +78460,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(Vdbe *p, int iDb, char *zWhere){
   int j;
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(p, OP_ParseSchema, iDb, 0, 0, zWhere, P4_DYNAMIC);
   for(j=0; j<p->db->nDb; j++) sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(p, j);
+  sqlite3MayAbort(p->pParse);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -75945,21 +78509,22 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(Vdbe *v, int regYield){
 ** The VDBE knows that a P2 value is a label because labels are
 ** always negative and P2 values are suppose to be non-negative.
 ** Hence, a negative P2 value is a label that has yet to be resolved.
+** (Later:) This is only true for opcodes that have the OPFLG_JUMP
+** property.
+**
+** Variable usage notes:
 **
-** Zero is returned if a malloc() fails.
+**     Parse.aLabel[x]     Stores the address that the x-th label resolves
+**                         into.  For testing (SQLITE_DEBUG), unresolved
+**                         labels stores -1, but that is not required.
+**     Parse.nLabelAlloc   Number of slots allocated to Parse.aLabel[]
+**     Parse.nLabel        The *negative* of the number of labels that have
+**                         been issued.  The negative is stored because
+**                         that gives a performance improvement over storing
+**                         the equivalent positive value.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(Vdbe *v){
-  Parse *p = v->pParse;
-  int i = p->nLabel++;
-  assert( v->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
-  if( (i & (i-1))==0 ){
-    p->aLabel = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(p->db, p->aLabel, 
-                                       (i*2+1)*sizeof(p->aLabel[0]));
-  }
-  if( p->aLabel ){
-    p->aLabel[i] = -1;
-  }
-  return ADDR(i);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(Parse *pParse){
+  return --pParse->nLabel;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -75967,18 +78532,35 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(Vdbe *v){
 ** be inserted.  The parameter "x" must have been obtained from
 ** a prior call to sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel().
 */
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE void resizeResolveLabel(Parse *p, Vdbe *v, int j){
+  int nNewSize = 10 - p->nLabel;
+  p->aLabel = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(p->db, p->aLabel,
+                     nNewSize*sizeof(p->aLabel[0]));
+  if( p->aLabel==0 ){
+    p->nLabelAlloc = 0;
+  }else{
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    int i;
+    for(i=p->nLabelAlloc; i<nNewSize; i++) p->aLabel[i] = -1;
+#endif
+    p->nLabelAlloc = nNewSize;
+    p->aLabel[j] = v->nOp;
+  }
+}
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(Vdbe *v, int x){
   Parse *p = v->pParse;
   int j = ADDR(x);
   assert( v->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
-  assert( j<p->nLabel );
+  assert( j<-p->nLabel );
   assert( j>=0 );
-  if( p->aLabel ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    if( p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace ){
-      printf("RESOLVE LABEL %d to %d\n", x, v->nOp);
-    }
+  if( p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace ){
+    printf("RESOLVE LABEL %d to %d\n", x, v->nOp);
+  }
 #endif
+  if( p->nLabelAlloc + p->nLabel < 0 ){
+    resizeResolveLabel(p,v,j);
+  }else{
     assert( p->aLabel[j]==(-1) ); /* Labels may only be resolved once */
     p->aLabel[j] = v->nOp;
   }
@@ -76002,19 +78584,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeReusable(Vdbe *p){
 
 /*
 ** The following type and function are used to iterate through all opcodes
-** in a Vdbe main program and each of the sub-programs (triggers) it may 
+** in a Vdbe main program and each of the sub-programs (triggers) it may
 ** invoke directly or indirectly. It should be used as follows:
 **
 **   Op *pOp;
 **   VdbeOpIter sIter;
 **
 **   memset(&sIter, 0, sizeof(sIter));
-**   sIter.v = v;                            // v is of type Vdbe* 
+**   sIter.v = v;                            // v is of type Vdbe*
 **   while( (pOp = opIterNext(&sIter)) ){
 **     // Do something with pOp
 **   }
 **   sqlite3DbFree(v->db, sIter.apSub);
-** 
+**
 */
 typedef struct VdbeOpIter VdbeOpIter;
 struct VdbeOpIter {
@@ -76047,7 +78629,7 @@ static Op *opIterNext(VdbeOpIter *p){
       p->iSub++;
       p->iAddr = 0;
     }
-  
+
     if( pRet->p4type==P4_SUBPROGRAM ){
       int nByte = (p->nSub+1)*sizeof(SubProgram*);
       int j;
@@ -76078,9 +78660,10 @@ static Op *opIterNext(VdbeOpIter *p){
 **   *  OP_HaltIfNull with P1=SQLITE_CONSTRAINT and P2=OE_Abort.
 **   *  OP_Destroy
 **   *  OP_VUpdate
+**   *  OP_VCreate
 **   *  OP_VRename
 **   *  OP_FkCounter with P2==0 (immediate foreign key constraint)
-**   *  OP_CreateBtree/BTREE_INTKEY and OP_InitCoroutine 
+**   *  OP_CreateBtree/BTREE_INTKEY and OP_InitCoroutine
 **      (for CREATE TABLE AS SELECT ...)
 **
 ** Then check that the value of Parse.mayAbort is true if an
@@ -76094,6 +78677,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAssertMayAbort(Vdbe *v, int mayAbort){
   int hasAbort = 0;
   int hasFkCounter = 0;
   int hasCreateTable = 0;
+  int hasCreateIndex = 0;
   int hasInitCoroutine = 0;
   Op *pOp;
   VdbeOpIter sIter;
@@ -76102,14 +78686,25 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAssertMayAbort(Vdbe *v, int mayAbort){
 
   while( (pOp = opIterNext(&sIter))!=0 ){
     int opcode = pOp->opcode;
-    if( opcode==OP_Destroy || opcode==OP_VUpdate || opcode==OP_VRename 
-     || ((opcode==OP_Halt || opcode==OP_HaltIfNull) 
-      && ((pOp->p1&0xff)==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT && pOp->p2==OE_Abort))
+    if( opcode==OP_Destroy || opcode==OP_VUpdate || opcode==OP_VRename
+     || opcode==OP_VDestroy
+     || opcode==OP_VCreate
+     || opcode==OP_ParseSchema
+     || ((opcode==OP_Halt || opcode==OP_HaltIfNull)
+      && ((pOp->p1)!=SQLITE_OK && pOp->p2==OE_Abort))
     ){
       hasAbort = 1;
       break;
     }
     if( opcode==OP_CreateBtree && pOp->p3==BTREE_INTKEY ) hasCreateTable = 1;
+    if( mayAbort ){
+      /* hasCreateIndex may also be set for some DELETE statements that use
+      ** OP_Clear. So this routine may end up returning true in the case
+      ** where a "DELETE FROM tbl" has a statement-journal but does not
+      ** require one. This is not so bad - it is an inefficiency, not a bug. */
+      if( opcode==OP_CreateBtree && pOp->p3==BTREE_BLOBKEY ) hasCreateIndex = 1;
+      if( opcode==OP_Clear ) hasCreateIndex = 1;
+    }
     if( opcode==OP_InitCoroutine ) hasInitCoroutine = 1;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
     if( opcode==OP_FkCounter && pOp->p1==0 && pOp->p2==1 ){
@@ -76125,7 +78720,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAssertMayAbort(Vdbe *v, int mayAbort){
   ** true for this case to prevent the assert() in the callers frame
   ** from failing.  */
   return ( v->db->mallocFailed || hasAbort==mayAbort || hasFkCounter
-              || (hasCreateTable && hasInitCoroutine) );
+        || (hasCreateTable && hasInitCoroutine) || hasCreateIndex
+  );
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG - the sqlite3AssertMayAbort() function */
 
@@ -76198,7 +78794,7 @@ static void resolveP2Values(Vdbe *p, int *pMaxFuncArgs){
       switch( pOp->opcode ){
         case OP_Transaction: {
           if( pOp->p2!=0 ) p->readOnly = 0;
-          /* fall thru */
+          /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
         }
         case OP_AutoCommit:
         case OP_Savepoint: {
@@ -76219,7 +78815,7 @@ static void resolveP2Values(Vdbe *p, int *pMaxFuncArgs){
           pOp->p4.xAdvance = sqlite3BtreeNext;
           pOp->p4type = P4_ADVANCE;
           /* The code generator never codes any of these opcodes as a jump
-          ** to a label.  They are always coded as a jump backwards to a 
+          ** to a label.  They are always coded as a jump backwards to a
           ** known address */
           assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
           break;
@@ -76228,7 +78824,7 @@ static void resolveP2Values(Vdbe *p, int *pMaxFuncArgs){
           pOp->p4.xAdvance = sqlite3BtreePrevious;
           pOp->p4type = P4_ADVANCE;
           /* The code generator never codes any of these opcodes as a jump
-          ** to a label.  They are always coded as a jump backwards to a 
+          ** to a label.  They are always coded as a jump backwards to a
           ** known address */
           assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
           break;
@@ -76245,6 +78841,7 @@ static void resolveP2Values(Vdbe *p, int *pMaxFuncArgs){
           n = pOp[-1].p1;
           if( n>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = n;
           /* Fall through into the default case */
+          /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
         }
 #endif
         default: {
@@ -76253,7 +78850,7 @@ static void resolveP2Values(Vdbe *p, int *pMaxFuncArgs){
             ** non-jump opcodes less than SQLITE_MX_JUMP_CODE are guaranteed to
             ** have non-negative values for P2. */
             assert( (sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOp->opcode] & OPFLG_JUMP)!=0 );
-            assert( ADDR(pOp->p2)<pParse->nLabel );
+            assert( ADDR(pOp->p2)<-pParse->nLabel );
             pOp->p2 = aLabel[ADDR(pOp->p2)];
           }
           break;
@@ -76292,7 +78889,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(Vdbe *p){
 */
 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeVerifyNoMallocRequired(Vdbe *p, int N){
-  assert( p->nOp + N <= p->pParse->nOpAlloc );
+  assert( p->nOp + N <= p->nOpAlloc );
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -76326,12 +78923,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeVerifyAbortable(Vdbe *p, int onError){
 /*
 ** This function returns a pointer to the array of opcodes associated with
 ** the Vdbe passed as the first argument. It is the callers responsibility
-** to arrange for the returned array to be eventually freed using the 
+** to arrange for the returned array to be eventually freed using the
 ** vdbeFreeOpArray() function.
 **
 ** Before returning, *pnOp is set to the number of entries in the returned
-** array. Also, *pnMaxArg is set to the larger of its current value and 
-** the number of entries in the Vdbe.apArg[] array required to execute the 
+** array. Also, *pnMaxArg is set to the larger of its current value and
+** the number of entries in the Vdbe.apArg[] array required to execute the
 ** returned program.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(Vdbe *p, int *pnOp, int *pnMaxArg){
@@ -76364,7 +78961,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(
   VdbeOp *pOut, *pFirst;
   assert( nOp>0 );
   assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
-  if( p->nOp + nOp > p->pParse->nOpAlloc && growOpArray(p, nOp) ){
+  if( p->nOp + nOp > p->nOpAlloc && growOpArray(p, nOp) ){
     return 0;
   }
   pFirst = pOut = &p->aOp[p->nOp];
@@ -76405,12 +79002,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeScanStatus(
   Vdbe *p,                        /* VM to add scanstatus() to */
   int addrExplain,                /* Address of OP_Explain (or 0) */
-  int addrLoop,                   /* Address of loop counter */ 
+  int addrLoop,                   /* Address of loop counter */
   int addrVisit,                  /* Address of rows visited counter */
   LogEst nEst,                    /* Estimated number of output rows */
   const char *zName               /* Name of table or index being scanned */
 ){
-  int nByte = (p->nScan+1) * sizeof(ScanStatus);
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte = (p->nScan+1) * sizeof(ScanStatus);
   ScanStatus *aNew;
   aNew = (ScanStatus*)sqlite3DbRealloc(p->db, p->aScan, nByte);
   if( aNew ){
@@ -76430,16 +79027,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeScanStatus(
 ** Change the value of the opcode, or P1, P2, P3, or P5 operands
 ** for a specific instruction.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeOpcode(Vdbe *p, u32 addr, u8 iNewOpcode){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeOpcode(Vdbe *p, int addr, u8 iNewOpcode){
   sqlite3VdbeGetOp(p,addr)->opcode = iNewOpcode;
 }
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(Vdbe *p, u32 addr, int val){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(Vdbe *p, int addr, int val){
   sqlite3VdbeGetOp(p,addr)->p1 = val;
 }
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(Vdbe *p, u32 addr, int val){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(Vdbe *p, int addr, int val){
   sqlite3VdbeGetOp(p,addr)->p2 = val;
 }
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(Vdbe *p, u32 addr, int val){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(Vdbe *p, int addr, int val){
   sqlite3VdbeGetOp(p,addr)->p3 = val;
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(Vdbe *p, u16 p5){
@@ -76455,6 +79052,34 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(Vdbe *p, int addr){
   sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(p, addr, p->nOp);
 }
 
+/*
+** Change the P2 operand of the jump instruction at addr so that
+** the jump lands on the next opcode.  Or if the jump instruction was
+** the previous opcode (and is thus a no-op) then simply back up
+** the next instruction counter by one slot so that the jump is
+** overwritten by the next inserted opcode.
+**
+** This routine is an optimization of sqlite3VdbeJumpHere() that
+** strives to omit useless byte-code like this:
+**
+**        7   Once 0 8 0
+**        8   ...
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeJumpHereOrPopInst(Vdbe *p, int addr){
+  if( addr==p->nOp-1 ){
+    assert( p->aOp[addr].opcode==OP_Once
+         || p->aOp[addr].opcode==OP_If
+         || p->aOp[addr].opcode==OP_FkIfZero );
+    assert( p->aOp[addr].p4type==0 );
+#ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
+    sqlite3VdbeGetOp(p,-1)->iSrcLine = 0;  /* Erase VdbeCoverage() macros */
+#endif
+    p->nOp--;
+  }else{
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(p, addr, p->nOp);
+  }
+}
+
 
 /*
 ** If the input FuncDef structure is ephemeral, then free it.  If
@@ -76466,8 +79091,6 @@ static void freeEphemeralFunction(sqlite3 *db, FuncDef *pDef){
   }
 }
 
-static void vdbeFreeOpArray(sqlite3 *, Op *, int);
-
 /*
 ** Delete a P4 value if necessary.
 */
@@ -76477,7 +79100,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void freeP4Mem(sqlite3 *db, Mem *p){
 }
 static SQLITE_NOINLINE void freeP4FuncCtx(sqlite3 *db, sqlite3_context *p){
   freeEphemeralFunction(db, p->pFunc);
- sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, p);
+  sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, p);
 }
 static void freeP4(sqlite3 *db, int p4type, void *p4){
   assert( db );
@@ -76525,8 +79148,8 @@ static void freeP4(sqlite3 *db, int p4type, void *p4){
 
 /*
 ** Free the space allocated for aOp and any p4 values allocated for the
-** opcodes contained within. If aOp is not NULL it is assumed to contain 
-** nOp entries. 
+** opcodes contained within. If aOp is not NULL it is assumed to contain
+** nOp entries.
 */
 static void vdbeFreeOpArray(sqlite3 *db, Op *aOp, int nOp){
   if( aOp ){
@@ -76535,7 +79158,7 @@ static void vdbeFreeOpArray(sqlite3 *db, Op *aOp, int nOp){
       if( pOp->p4type <= P4_FREE_IF_LE ) freeP4(db, pOp->p4type, pOp->p4.p);
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
       sqlite3DbFree(db, pOp->zComment);
-#endif     
+#endif
     }
     sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, aOp);
   }
@@ -76551,6 +79174,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeLinkSubProgram(Vdbe *pVdbe, SubProgram *p){
   pVdbe->pProgram = p;
 }
 
+/*
+** Return true if the given Vdbe has any SubPrograms.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHasSubProgram(Vdbe *pVdbe){
+  return pVdbe->pProgram!=0;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Change the opcode at addr into OP_Noop
 */
@@ -76578,6 +79208,41 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeDeletePriorOpcode(Vdbe *p, u8 op){
   }
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+/*
+** Generate an OP_ReleaseReg opcode to indicate that a range of
+** registers, except any identified by mask, are no longer in use.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeReleaseRegisters(
+  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
+  int iFirst,          /* Index of first register to be released */
+  int N,               /* Number of registers to release */
+  u32 mask,            /* Mask of registers to NOT release */
+  int bUndefine        /* If true, mark registers as undefined */
+){
+  if( N==0 ) return;
+  assert( pParse->pVdbe );
+  assert( iFirst>=1 );
+  assert( iFirst+N-1<=pParse->nMem );
+  if( N<=31 && mask!=0 ){
+    while( N>0 && (mask&1)!=0 ){
+      mask >>= 1;
+      iFirst++;
+      N--;
+    }
+    while( N>0 && N<=32 && (mask & MASKBIT32(N-1))!=0 ){
+      mask &= ~MASKBIT32(N-1);
+      N--;
+    }
+  }
+  if( N>0 ){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(pParse->pVdbe, OP_ReleaseReg, iFirst, N, *(int*)&mask);
+    if( bUndefine ) sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(pParse->pVdbe, 1);
+  }
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
+
+
 /*
 ** Change the value of the P4 operand for a specific instruction.
 ** This routine is useful when a large program is loaded from a
@@ -76588,7 +79253,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeDeletePriorOpcode(Vdbe *p, u8 op){
 ** the string is made into memory obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
 ** A value of n==0 means copy bytes of zP4 up to and including the
 ** first null byte.  If n>0 then copy n+1 bytes of zP4.
-** 
+**
 ** Other values of n (P4_STATIC, P4_COLLSEQ etc.) indicate that zP4 points
 ** to a string or structure that is guaranteed to exist for the lifetime of
 ** the Vdbe. In these cases we can just copy the pointer.
@@ -76649,7 +79314,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(Vdbe *p, int addr, const char *zP4, int
 }
 
 /*
-** Change the P4 operand of the most recently coded instruction 
+** Change the P4 operand of the most recently coded instruction
 ** to the value defined by the arguments.  This is a high-speed
 ** version of sqlite3VdbeChangeP4().
 **
@@ -76695,7 +79360,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(Parse *pParse, Index *pIdx){
 */
 static void vdbeVComment(Vdbe *p, const char *zFormat, va_list ap){
   assert( p->nOp>0 || p->aOp==0 );
-  assert( p->aOp==0 || p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment==0 || p->db->mallocFailed );
+  assert( p->aOp==0 || p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment==0 || p->db->mallocFailed
+          || p->pParse->nErr>0 );
   if( p->nOp ){
     assert( p->aOp );
     sqlite3DbFree(p->db, p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment);
@@ -76738,7 +79404,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetLineNumber(Vdbe *v, int iLine){
 ** routine, then a pointer to a dummy VdbeOp will be returned.  That opcode
 ** is readable but not writable, though it is cast to a writable value.
 ** The return of a dummy opcode allows the call to continue functioning
-** after an OOM fault without having to check to see if the return from 
+** after an OOM fault without having to check to see if the return from
 ** this routine is a valid pointer.  But because the dummy.opcode is 0,
 ** dummy will never be written to.  This is verified by code inspection and
 ** by running with Valgrind.
@@ -76785,17 +79451,19 @@ static int translateP(char c, const Op *pOp){
 **       "PX@PY+1" ->  "r[X..X+Y]"    or "r[x]" if y is 0
 **       "PY..PY"  ->  "r[X..Y]"      or "r[x]" if y<=x
 */
-static int displayComment(
+SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3VdbeDisplayComment(
+  sqlite3 *db,       /* Optional - Oom error reporting only */
   const Op *pOp,     /* The opcode to be commented */
-  const char *zP4,   /* Previously obtained value for P4 */
-  char *zTemp,       /* Write result here */
-  int nTemp          /* Space available in zTemp[] */
+  const char *zP4    /* Previously obtained value for P4 */
 ){
   const char *zOpName;
   const char *zSynopsis;
   int nOpName;
-  int ii, jj;
+  int ii;
   char zAlt[50];
+  StrAccum x;
+
+  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, 0, 0, SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH);
   zOpName = sqlite3OpcodeName(pOp->opcode);
   nOpName = sqlite3Strlen30(zOpName);
   if( zOpName[nOpName+1] ){
@@ -76810,53 +79478,64 @@ static int displayComment(
       }
       zSynopsis = zAlt;
     }
-    for(ii=jj=0; jj<nTemp-1 && (c = zSynopsis[ii])!=0; ii++){
+    for(ii=0; (c = zSynopsis[ii])!=0; ii++){
       if( c=='P' ){
         c = zSynopsis[++ii];
         if( c=='4' ){
-          sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp-jj, zTemp+jj, "%s", zP4);
+          sqlite3_str_appendall(&x, zP4);
         }else if( c=='X' ){
-          sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp-jj, zTemp+jj, "%s", pOp->zComment);
+          sqlite3_str_appendall(&x, pOp->zComment);
           seenCom = 1;
         }else{
           int v1 = translateP(c, pOp);
           int v2;
-          sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp-jj, zTemp+jj, "%d", v1);
           if( strncmp(zSynopsis+ii+1, "@P", 2)==0 ){
             ii += 3;
-            jj += sqlite3Strlen30(zTemp+jj);
             v2 = translateP(zSynopsis[ii], pOp);
             if( strncmp(zSynopsis+ii+1,"+1",2)==0 ){
               ii += 2;
               v2++;
             }
-            if( v2>1 ){
-              sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp-jj, zTemp+jj, "..%d", v1+v2-1);
+            if( v2<2 ){
+              sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%d", v1);
+            }else{
+              sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%d..%d", v1, v1+v2-1);
+            }
+          }else if( strncmp(zSynopsis+ii+1, "@NP", 3)==0 ){
+            sqlite3_context *pCtx = pOp->p4.pCtx;
+            if( pOp->p4type!=P4_FUNCCTX || pCtx->argc==1 ){
+              sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%d", v1);
+            }else if( pCtx->argc>1 ){
+              sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%d..%d", v1, v1+pCtx->argc-1);
+            }else if( x.accError==0 ){
+              assert( x.nChar>2 );
+              x.nChar -= 2;
+              ii++;
+            }
+            ii += 3;
+          }else{
+            sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%d", v1);
+            if( strncmp(zSynopsis+ii+1, "..P3", 4)==0 && pOp->p3==0 ){
+              ii += 4;
             }
-          }else if( strncmp(zSynopsis+ii+1, "..P3", 4)==0 && pOp->p3==0 ){
-            ii += 4;
           }
         }
-        jj += sqlite3Strlen30(zTemp+jj);
       }else{
-        zTemp[jj++] = c;
+        sqlite3_str_appendchar(&x, 1, c);
       }
     }
-    if( !seenCom && jj<nTemp-5 && pOp->zComment ){
-      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp-jj, zTemp+jj, "; %s", pOp->zComment);
-      jj += sqlite3Strlen30(zTemp+jj);
+    if( !seenCom && pOp->zComment ){
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "; %s", pOp->zComment);
     }
-    if( jj<nTemp ) zTemp[jj] = 0;
   }else if( pOp->zComment ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "%s", pOp->zComment);
-    jj = sqlite3Strlen30(zTemp);
-  }else{
-    zTemp[0] = 0;
-    jj = 0;
+    sqlite3_str_appendall(&x, pOp->zComment);
   }
-  return jj;
+  if( (x.accError & SQLITE_NOMEM)!=0 && db!=0 ){
+    sqlite3OomFault(db);
+  }
+  return sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
 }
-#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS */
 
 #if VDBE_DISPLAY_P4 && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS)
 /*
@@ -76937,23 +79616,25 @@ static void displayP4Expr(StrAccum *p, Expr *pExpr){
 ** Compute a string that describes the P4 parameter for an opcode.
 ** Use zTemp for any required temporary buffer space.
 */
-static char *displayP4(Op *pOp, char *zTemp, int nTemp){
-  char *zP4 = zTemp;
+SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3VdbeDisplayP4(sqlite3 *db, Op *pOp){
+  char *zP4 = 0;
   StrAccum x;
-  assert( nTemp>=20 );
-  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, zTemp, nTemp, 0);
+
+  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, 0, 0, SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH);
   switch( pOp->p4type ){
     case P4_KEYINFO: {
       int j;
       KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
-      assert( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder!=0 );
+      assert( pKeyInfo->aSortFlags!=0 );
       sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "k(%d", pKeyInfo->nKeyField);
       for(j=0; j<pKeyInfo->nKeyField; j++){
         CollSeq *pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[j];
         const char *zColl = pColl ? pColl->zName : "";
         if( strcmp(zColl, "BINARY")==0 ) zColl = "B";
-        sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, ",%s%s", 
-               pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[j] ? "-" : "", zColl);
+        sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, ",%s%s%s",
+               (pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[j] & KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC) ? "-" : "",
+               (pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[j] & KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL)? "N." : "",
+               zColl);
       }
       sqlite3_str_append(&x, ")", 1);
       break;
@@ -76965,8 +79646,11 @@ static char *displayP4(Op *pOp, char *zTemp, int nTemp){
     }
 #endif
     case P4_COLLSEQ: {
+      static const char *const encnames[] = {"?", "8", "16LE", "16BE"};
       CollSeq *pColl = pOp->p4.pColl;
-      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "(%.20s)", pColl->zName);
+      assert( pColl->enc>=0 && pColl->enc<4 );
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%.18s-%s", pColl->zName,
+                          encnames[pColl->enc]);
       break;
     }
     case P4_FUNCDEF: {
@@ -76974,13 +79658,11 @@ static char *displayP4(Op *pOp, char *zTemp, int nTemp){
       sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%s(%d)", pDef->zName, pDef->nArg);
       break;
     }
-#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(VDBE_PROFILE)
     case P4_FUNCCTX: {
       FuncDef *pDef = pOp->p4.pCtx->pFunc;
       sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%s(%d)", pDef->zName, pDef->nArg);
       break;
     }
-#endif
     case P4_INT64: {
       sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%lld", *pOp->p4.pI64);
       break;
@@ -76997,7 +79679,7 @@ static char *displayP4(Op *pOp, char *zTemp, int nTemp){
       Mem *pMem = pOp->p4.pMem;
       if( pMem->flags & MEM_Str ){
         zP4 = pMem->z;
-      }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Int ){
+      }else if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
         sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%lld", pMem->u.i);
       }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Real ){
         sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%.16g", pMem->u.r);
@@ -77017,41 +79699,37 @@ static char *displayP4(Op *pOp, char *zTemp, int nTemp){
     }
 #endif
     case P4_INTARRAY: {
-      int i;
-      int *ai = pOp->p4.ai;
-      int n = ai[0];   /* The first element of an INTARRAY is always the
+      u32 i;
+      u32 *ai = pOp->p4.ai;
+      u32 n = ai[0];   /* The first element of an INTARRAY is always the
                        ** count of the number of elements to follow */
       for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
-        sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, ",%d", ai[i]);
+        sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%c%u", (i==1 ? '[' : ','), ai[i]);
       }
-      zTemp[0] = '[';
       sqlite3_str_append(&x, "]", 1);
       break;
     }
     case P4_SUBPROGRAM: {
-      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "program");
+      zP4 = "program";
       break;
     }
     case P4_DYNBLOB:
     case P4_ADVANCE: {
-      zTemp[0] = 0;
       break;
     }
     case P4_TABLE: {
-      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%s", pOp->p4.pTab->zName);
+      zP4 = pOp->p4.pTab->zName;
       break;
     }
     default: {
       zP4 = pOp->p4.z;
-      if( zP4==0 ){
-        zP4 = zTemp;
-        zTemp[0] = 0;
-      }
     }
   }
-  sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
-  assert( zP4!=0 );
-  return zP4;
+  if( zP4 ) sqlite3_str_appendall(&x, zP4);
+  if( (x.accError & SQLITE_NOMEM)!=0 ){
+    sqlite3OomFault(db);
+  }
+  return sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
 }
 #endif /* VDBE_DISPLAY_P4 */
 
@@ -77082,13 +79760,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(Vdbe *p, int i){
 **
 ** If SQLite is not threadsafe but does support shared-cache mode, then
 ** sqlite3BtreeEnter() is invoked to set the BtShared.db variables
-** of all of BtShared structures accessible via the database handle 
+** of all of BtShared structures accessible via the database handle
 ** associated with the VM.
 **
 ** If SQLite is not threadsafe and does not support shared-cache mode, this
 ** function is a no-op.
 **
-** The p->btreeMask field is a bitmask of all btrees that the prepared 
+** The p->btreeMask field is a bitmask of all btrees that the prepared
 ** statement p will ever use.  Let N be the number of bits in p->btreeMask
 ** corresponding to btrees that use shared cache.  Then the runtime of
 ** this routine is N*N.  But as N is rarely more than 1, this should not
@@ -77141,24 +79819,30 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeLeave(Vdbe *p){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbePrintOp(FILE *pOut, int pc, VdbeOp *pOp){
   char *zP4;
-  char zPtr[50];
-  char zCom[100];
+  char *zCom;
+  sqlite3 dummyDb;
   static const char *zFormat1 = "%4d %-13s %4d %4d %4d %-13s %.2X %s\n";
   if( pOut==0 ) pOut = stdout;
-  zP4 = displayP4(pOp, zPtr, sizeof(zPtr));
+  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
+  dummyDb.mallocFailed = 1;
+  zP4 = sqlite3VdbeDisplayP4(&dummyDb, pOp);
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
-  displayComment(pOp, zP4, zCom, sizeof(zCom));
+  zCom = sqlite3VdbeDisplayComment(0, pOp, zP4);
 #else
-  zCom[0] = 0;
+  zCom = 0;
 #endif
   /* NB:  The sqlite3OpcodeName() function is implemented by code created
   ** by the mkopcodeh.awk and mkopcodec.awk scripts which extract the
   ** information from the vdbe.c source text */
-  fprintf(pOut, zFormat1, pc, 
-      sqlite3OpcodeName(pOp->opcode), pOp->p1, pOp->p2, pOp->p3, zP4, pOp->p5,
-      zCom
+  fprintf(pOut, zFormat1, pc,
+      sqlite3OpcodeName(pOp->opcode), pOp->p1, pOp->p2, pOp->p3,
+      zP4 ? zP4 : "", pOp->p5,
+      zCom ? zCom : ""
   );
   fflush(pOut);
+  sqlite3_free(zP4);
+  sqlite3_free(zCom);
+  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -77195,15 +79879,15 @@ static void releaseMemArray(Mem *p, int N){
       assert( sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(p) );
 
       /* This block is really an inlined version of sqlite3VdbeMemRelease()
-      ** that takes advantage of the fact that the memory cell value is 
+      ** that takes advantage of the fact that the memory cell value is
       ** being set to NULL after releasing any dynamic resources.
       **
-      ** The justification for duplicating code is that according to 
-      ** callgrind, this causes a certain test case to hit the CPU 4.7 
-      ** percent less (x86 linux, gcc version 4.1.2, -O6) than if 
+      ** The justification for duplicating code is that according to
+      ** callgrind, this causes a certain test case to hit the CPU 4.7
+      ** percent less (x86 linux, gcc version 4.1.2, -O6) than if
       ** sqlite3MemRelease() were called from here. With -O2, this jumps
-      ** to 6.6 percent. The test case is inserting 1000 rows into a table 
-      ** with no indexes using a single prepared INSERT statement, bind() 
+      ** to 6.6 percent. The test case is inserting 1000 rows into a table
+      ** with no indexes using a single prepared INSERT statement, bind()
       ** and reset(). Inserts are grouped into a transaction.
       */
       testcase( p->flags & MEM_Agg );
@@ -77249,6 +79933,121 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeFrameMemDel(void *pArg){
   pFrame->v->pDelFrame = pFrame;
 }
 
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN)
+/*
+** Locate the next opcode to be displayed in EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN
+** QUERY PLAN output.
+**
+** Return SQLITE_ROW on success.  Return SQLITE_DONE if there are no
+** more opcodes to be displayed.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeNextOpcode(
+  Vdbe *p,         /* The statement being explained */
+  Mem *pSub,       /* Storage for keeping track of subprogram nesting */
+  int eMode,       /* 0: normal.  1: EQP.  2:  TablesUsed */
+  int *piPc,       /* IN/OUT: Current rowid.  Overwritten with next rowid */
+  int *piAddr,     /* OUT: Write index into (*paOp)[] here */
+  Op **paOp        /* OUT: Write the opcode array here */
+){
+  int nRow;                            /* Stop when row count reaches this */
+  int nSub = 0;                        /* Number of sub-vdbes seen so far */
+  SubProgram **apSub = 0;              /* Array of sub-vdbes */
+  int i;                               /* Next instruction address */
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;                  /* Result code */
+  Op *aOp = 0;                         /* Opcode array */
+  int iPc;                             /* Rowid.  Copy of value in *piPc */
+
+  /* When the number of output rows reaches nRow, that means the
+  ** listing has finished and sqlite3_step() should return SQLITE_DONE.
+  ** nRow is the sum of the number of rows in the main program, plus
+  ** the sum of the number of rows in all trigger subprograms encountered
+  ** so far.  The nRow value will increase as new trigger subprograms are
+  ** encountered, but p->pc will eventually catch up to nRow.
+  */
+  nRow = p->nOp;
+  if( pSub!=0 ){
+    if( pSub->flags&MEM_Blob ){
+      /* pSub is initiallly NULL.  It is initialized to a BLOB by
+      ** the P4_SUBPROGRAM processing logic below */
+      nSub = pSub->n/sizeof(Vdbe*);
+      apSub = (SubProgram **)pSub->z;
+    }
+    for(i=0; i<nSub; i++){
+      nRow += apSub[i]->nOp;
+    }
+  }
+  iPc = *piPc;
+  while(1){  /* Loop exits via break */
+    i = iPc++;
+    if( i>=nRow ){
+      p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
+      rc = SQLITE_DONE;
+      break;
+    }
+    if( i<p->nOp ){
+      /* The rowid is small enough that we are still in the
+      ** main program. */
+      aOp = p->aOp;
+    }else{
+      /* We are currently listing subprograms.  Figure out which one and
+      ** pick up the appropriate opcode. */
+      int j;
+      i -= p->nOp;
+      assert( apSub!=0 );
+      assert( nSub>0 );
+      for(j=0; i>=apSub[j]->nOp; j++){
+        i -= apSub[j]->nOp;
+        assert( i<apSub[j]->nOp || j+1<nSub );
+      }
+      aOp = apSub[j]->aOp;
+    }
+
+    /* When an OP_Program opcode is encounter (the only opcode that has
+    ** a P4_SUBPROGRAM argument), expand the size of the array of subprograms
+    ** kept in p->aMem[9].z to hold the new program - assuming this subprogram
+    ** has not already been seen.
+    */
+    if( pSub!=0 && aOp[i].p4type==P4_SUBPROGRAM ){
+      int nByte = (nSub+1)*sizeof(SubProgram*);
+      int j;
+      for(j=0; j<nSub; j++){
+        if( apSub[j]==aOp[i].p4.pProgram ) break;
+      }
+      if( j==nSub ){
+        p->rc = sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pSub, nByte, nSub!=0);
+        if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+          rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+          break;
+        }
+        apSub = (SubProgram **)pSub->z;
+        apSub[nSub++] = aOp[i].p4.pProgram;
+        MemSetTypeFlag(pSub, MEM_Blob);
+        pSub->n = nSub*sizeof(SubProgram*);
+        nRow += aOp[i].p4.pProgram->nOp;
+      }
+    }
+    if( eMode==0 ) break;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB
+    if( eMode==2 ){
+      Op *pOp = aOp + i;
+      if( pOp->opcode==OP_OpenRead ) break;
+      if( pOp->opcode==OP_OpenWrite && (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_P2ISREG)==0 ) break;
+      if( pOp->opcode==OP_ReopenIdx ) break;
+    }else
+#endif
+    {
+      assert( eMode==1 );
+      if( aOp[i].opcode==OP_Explain ) break;
+      if( aOp[i].opcode==OP_Init && iPc>1 ) break;
+    }
+  }
+  *piPc = iPc;
+  *piAddr = i;
+  *paOp = aOp;
+  return rc;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB || !SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN */
+
 
 /*
 ** Delete a VdbeFrame object and its contents. VdbeFrame objects are
@@ -77289,16 +80088,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeFrameDelete(VdbeFrame *p){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeList(
   Vdbe *p                   /* The VDBE */
 ){
-  int nRow;                            /* Stop when row count reaches this */
-  int nSub = 0;                        /* Number of sub-vdbes seen so far */
-  SubProgram **apSub = 0;              /* Array of sub-vdbes */
   Mem *pSub = 0;                       /* Memory cell hold array of subprogs */
   sqlite3 *db = p->db;                 /* The database connection */
   int i;                               /* Loop counter */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;                  /* Return code */
   Mem *pMem = &p->aMem[1];             /* First Mem of result set */
   int bListSubprogs = (p->explain==1 || (db->flags & SQLITE_TriggerEQP)!=0);
-  Op *pOp = 0;
+  Op *aOp;                             /* Array of opcodes */
+  Op *pOp;                             /* Current opcode */
 
   assert( p->explain );
   assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN );
@@ -77318,14 +80115,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeList(
     return SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
 
-  /* When the number of output rows reaches nRow, that means the
-  ** listing has finished and sqlite3_step() should return SQLITE_DONE.
-  ** nRow is the sum of the number of rows in the main program, plus
-  ** the sum of the number of rows in all trigger subprograms encountered
-  ** so far.  The nRow value will increase as new trigger subprograms are
-  ** encountered, but p->pc will eventually catch up to nRow.
-  */
-  nRow = p->nOp;
   if( bListSubprogs ){
     /* The first 8 memory cells are used for the result set.  So we will
     ** commandeer the 9th cell to use as storage for an array of pointers
@@ -77333,144 +80122,55 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeList(
     ** cells.  */
     assert( p->nMem>9 );
     pSub = &p->aMem[9];
-    if( pSub->flags&MEM_Blob ){
-      /* On the first call to sqlite3_step(), pSub will hold a NULL.  It is
-      ** initialized to a BLOB by the P4_SUBPROGRAM processing logic below */
-      nSub = pSub->n/sizeof(Vdbe*);
-      apSub = (SubProgram **)pSub->z;
-    }
-    for(i=0; i<nSub; i++){
-      nRow += apSub[i]->nOp;
-    }
+  }else{
+    pSub = 0;
   }
 
-  while(1){  /* Loop exits via break */
-    i = p->pc++;
-    if( i>=nRow ){
-      p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      rc = SQLITE_DONE;
-      break;
-    }
-    if( i<p->nOp ){
-      /* The output line number is small enough that we are still in the
-      ** main program. */
-      pOp = &p->aOp[i];
-    }else{
-      /* We are currently listing subprograms.  Figure out which one and
-      ** pick up the appropriate opcode. */
-      int j;
-      i -= p->nOp;
-      for(j=0; i>=apSub[j]->nOp; j++){
-        i -= apSub[j]->nOp;
-      }
-      pOp = &apSub[j]->aOp[i];
-    }
-
-    /* When an OP_Program opcode is encounter (the only opcode that has
-    ** a P4_SUBPROGRAM argument), expand the size of the array of subprograms
-    ** kept in p->aMem[9].z to hold the new program - assuming this subprogram
-    ** has not already been seen.
-    */
-    if( bListSubprogs && pOp->p4type==P4_SUBPROGRAM ){
-      int nByte = (nSub+1)*sizeof(SubProgram*);
-      int j;
-      for(j=0; j<nSub; j++){
-        if( apSub[j]==pOp->p4.pProgram ) break;
-      }
-      if( j==nSub ){
-        p->rc = sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pSub, nByte, nSub!=0);
-        if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-          break;
-        }
-        apSub = (SubProgram **)pSub->z;
-        apSub[nSub++] = pOp->p4.pProgram;
-        pSub->flags |= MEM_Blob;
-        pSub->n = nSub*sizeof(SubProgram*);
-        nRow += pOp->p4.pProgram->nOp;
-      }
-    }
-    if( p->explain<2 ) break;
-    if( pOp->opcode==OP_Explain ) break;
-    if( pOp->opcode==OP_Init && p->pc>1 ) break;
-  }
+  /* Figure out which opcode is next to display */
+  rc = sqlite3VdbeNextOpcode(p, pSub, p->explain==2, &p->pc, &i, &aOp);
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( db->u1.isInterrupted ){
+    pOp = aOp + i;
+    if( AtomicLoad(&db->u1.isInterrupted) ){
       p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
       sqlite3VdbeError(p, sqlite3ErrStr(p->rc));
     }else{
-      char *zP4;
-      if( p->explain==1 ){
-        pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-        pMem->u.i = i;                                /* Program counter */
-        pMem++;
-    
-        pMem->flags = MEM_Static|MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-        pMem->z = (char*)sqlite3OpcodeName(pOp->opcode); /* Opcode */
-        assert( pMem->z!=0 );
-        pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
-        pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-        pMem++;
-      }
-
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-      pMem->u.i = pOp->p1;                          /* P1 */
-      pMem++;
-
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-      pMem->u.i = pOp->p2;                          /* P2 */
-      pMem++;
-
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-      pMem->u.i = pOp->p3;                          /* P3 */
-      pMem++;
-
-      if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 100) ){ /* P4 */
-        assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
-        return SQLITE_ERROR;
-      }
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-      zP4 = displayP4(pOp, pMem->z, pMem->szMalloc);
-      if( zP4!=pMem->z ){
-        pMem->n = 0;
-        sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pMem, zP4, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
+      char *zP4 = sqlite3VdbeDisplayP4(db, pOp);
+      if( p->explain==2 ){
+        sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pMem, pOp->p1);
+        sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pMem+1, pOp->p2);
+        sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pMem+2, pOp->p3);
+        sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pMem+3, zP4, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, sqlite3_free);
+        p->nResColumn = 4;
       }else{
-        assert( pMem->z!=0 );
-        pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
-        pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-      }
-      pMem++;
-
-      if( p->explain==1 ){
-        if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 4) ){
-          assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
-          return SQLITE_ERROR;
-        }
-        pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-        pMem->n = 2;
-        sqlite3_snprintf(3, pMem->z, "%.2x", pOp->p5);   /* P5 */
-        pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-        pMem++;
-    
+        sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pMem+0, i);
+        sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pMem+1, (char*)sqlite3OpcodeName(pOp->opcode),
+                             -1, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC);
+        sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pMem+2, pOp->p1);
+        sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pMem+3, pOp->p2);
+        sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pMem+4, pOp->p3);
+        /* pMem+5 for p4 is done last */
+        sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pMem+6, pOp->p5);
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
-        if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 500) ){
-          assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
-          return SQLITE_ERROR;
+        {
+          char *zCom = sqlite3VdbeDisplayComment(db, pOp, zP4);
+          sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pMem+7, zCom, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, sqlite3_free);
         }
-        pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-        pMem->n = displayComment(pOp, zP4, pMem->z, 500);
-        pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
 #else
-        pMem->flags = MEM_Null;                       /* Comment */
+        sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pMem+7);
 #endif
+        sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pMem+5, zP4, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, sqlite3_free);
+        p->nResColumn = 8;
+      }
+      p->pResultSet = pMem;
+      if( db->mallocFailed ){
+        p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }else{
+        p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
+        rc = SQLITE_ROW;
       }
-
-      p->nResColumn = 8 - 4*(p->explain-1);
-      p->pResultSet = &p->aMem[1];
-      p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      rc = SQLITE_ROW;
     }
   }
   return rc;
@@ -77531,9 +80231,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe *p){
 ** of a ReusableSpace object by the allocSpace() routine below.
 */
 struct ReusableSpace {
-  u8 *pSpace;          /* Available memory */
-  int nFree;           /* Bytes of available memory */
-  int nNeeded;         /* Total bytes that could not be allocated */
+  u8 *pSpace;            /* Available memory */
+  sqlite3_int64 nFree;   /* Bytes of available memory */
+  sqlite3_int64 nNeeded; /* Total bytes that could not be allocated */
 };
 
 /* Try to allocate nByte bytes of 8-byte aligned bulk memory for pBuf
@@ -77553,7 +80253,7 @@ struct ReusableSpace {
 static void *allocSpace(
   struct ReusableSpace *p,  /* Bulk memory available for allocation */
   void *pBuf,               /* Pointer to a prior allocation */
-  int nByte                 /* Bytes of memory needed */
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte       /* Bytes of memory needed */
 ){
   assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(p->pSpace) );
   if( pBuf==0 ){
@@ -77613,11 +80313,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeRewind(Vdbe *p){
 ** creating the virtual machine.  This involves things such
 ** as allocating registers and initializing the program counter.
 ** After the VDBE has be prepped, it can be executed by one or more
-** calls to sqlite3VdbeExec().  
+** calls to sqlite3VdbeExec().
 **
 ** This function may be called exactly once on each virtual machine.
 ** After this routine is called the VM has been "packaged" and is ready
-** to run.  After this routine is called, further calls to 
+** to run.  After this routine is called, further calls to
 ** sqlite3VdbeAddOp() functions are prohibited.  This routine disconnects
 ** the Vdbe from the Parse object that helped generate it so that the
 ** the Vdbe becomes an independent entity and the Parse object can be
@@ -77649,7 +80349,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(
   nMem = pParse->nMem;
   nCursor = pParse->nTab;
   nArg = pParse->nMaxArg;
-  
+
   /* Each cursor uses a memory cell.  The first cursor (cursor 0) can
   ** use aMem[0] which is not otherwise used by the VDBE program.  Allocate
   ** space at the end of aMem[] for cursors 1 and greater.
@@ -77671,38 +80371,64 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(
 
   resolveP2Values(p, &nArg);
   p->usesStmtJournal = (u8)(pParse->isMultiWrite && pParse->mayAbort);
-  if( pParse->explain && nMem<10 ){
-    nMem = 10;
+  if( pParse->explain ){
+    static const char * const azColName[] = {
+       "addr", "opcode", "p1", "p2", "p3", "p4", "p5", "comment",
+       "id", "parent", "notused", "detail"
+    };
+    int iFirst, mx, i;
+    if( nMem<10 ) nMem = 10;
+    p->explain = pParse->explain;
+    if( pParse->explain==2 ){
+      sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(p, 4);
+      iFirst = 8;
+      mx = 12;
+    }else{
+      sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(p, 8);
+      iFirst = 0;
+      mx = 8;
+    }
+    for(i=iFirst; i<mx; i++){
+      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(p, i-iFirst, COLNAME_NAME,
+                            azColName[i], SQLITE_STATIC);
+    }
   }
   p->expired = 0;
 
   /* Memory for registers, parameters, cursor, etc, is allocated in one or two
-  ** passes.  On the first pass, we try to reuse unused memory at the 
+  ** passes.  On the first pass, we try to reuse unused memory at the
   ** end of the opcode array.  If we are unable to satisfy all memory
   ** requirements by reusing the opcode array tail, then the second
-  ** pass will fill in the remainder using a fresh memory allocation.  
+  ** pass will fill in the remainder using a fresh memory allocation.
   **
   ** This two-pass approach that reuses as much memory as possible from
   ** the leftover memory at the end of the opcode array.  This can significantly
   ** reduce the amount of memory held by a prepared statement.
   */
-  do {
-    x.nNeeded = 0;
-    p->aMem = allocSpace(&x, p->aMem, nMem*sizeof(Mem));
-    p->aVar = allocSpace(&x, p->aVar, nVar*sizeof(Mem));
-    p->apArg = allocSpace(&x, p->apArg, nArg*sizeof(Mem*));
-    p->apCsr = allocSpace(&x, p->apCsr, nCursor*sizeof(VdbeCursor*));
+  x.nNeeded = 0;
+  p->aMem = allocSpace(&x, 0, nMem*sizeof(Mem));
+  p->aVar = allocSpace(&x, 0, nVar*sizeof(Mem));
+  p->apArg = allocSpace(&x, 0, nArg*sizeof(Mem*));
+  p->apCsr = allocSpace(&x, 0, nCursor*sizeof(VdbeCursor*));
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
-    p->anExec = allocSpace(&x, p->anExec, p->nOp*sizeof(i64));
+  p->anExec = allocSpace(&x, 0, p->nOp*sizeof(i64));
 #endif
-    if( x.nNeeded==0 ) break;
+  if( x.nNeeded ){
     x.pSpace = p->pFree = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, x.nNeeded);
     x.nFree = x.nNeeded;
-  }while( !db->mallocFailed );
+    if( !db->mallocFailed ){
+      p->aMem = allocSpace(&x, p->aMem, nMem*sizeof(Mem));
+      p->aVar = allocSpace(&x, p->aVar, nVar*sizeof(Mem));
+      p->apArg = allocSpace(&x, p->apArg, nArg*sizeof(Mem*));
+      p->apCsr = allocSpace(&x, p->apCsr, nCursor*sizeof(VdbeCursor*));
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
+      p->anExec = allocSpace(&x, p->anExec, p->nOp*sizeof(i64));
+#endif
+    }
+  }
 
   p->pVList = pParse->pVList;
   pParse->pVList =  0;
-  p->explain = pParse->explain;
   if( db->mallocFailed ){
     p->nVar = 0;
     p->nCursor = 0;
@@ -77722,7 +80448,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(
 }
 
 /*
-** Close a VDBE cursor and release all the resources that cursor 
+** Close a VDBE cursor and release all the resources that cursor
 ** happens to hold.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(Vdbe *p, VdbeCursor *pCx){
@@ -77804,7 +80530,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(VdbeFrame *pFrame){
 /*
 ** Close all cursors.
 **
-** Also release any dynamic memory held by the VM in the Vdbe.aMem memory 
+** Also release any dynamic memory held by the VM in the Vdbe.aMem memory
 ** cell array. This is necessary as the memory cell array may contain
 ** pointers to VdbeFrame objects, which may in turn contain pointers to
 ** open cursors.
@@ -77890,43 +80616,43 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSetColName(
 ** A read or write transaction may or may not be active on database handle
 ** db. If a transaction is active, commit it. If there is a
 ** write-transaction spanning more than one database file, this routine
-** takes care of the master journal trickery.
+** takes care of the super-journal trickery.
 */
 static int vdbeCommit(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
   int i;
   int nTrans = 0;  /* Number of databases with an active write-transaction
                    ** that are candidates for a two-phase commit using a
-                   ** master-journal */
+                   ** super-journal */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int needXcommit = 0;
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  /* With this option, sqlite3VtabSync() is defined to be simply 
-  ** SQLITE_OK so p is not used. 
+  /* With this option, sqlite3VtabSync() is defined to be simply
+  ** SQLITE_OK so p is not used.
   */
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(p);
 #endif
 
   /* Before doing anything else, call the xSync() callback for any
   ** virtual module tables written in this transaction. This has to
-  ** be done before determining whether a master journal file is 
+  ** be done before determining whether a super-journal file is
   ** required, as an xSync() callback may add an attached database
   ** to the transaction.
   */
   rc = sqlite3VtabSync(db, p);
 
   /* This loop determines (a) if the commit hook should be invoked and
-  ** (b) how many database files have open write transactions, not 
-  ** including the temp database. (b) is important because if more than 
-  ** one database file has an open write transaction, a master journal
+  ** (b) how many database files have open write transactions, not
+  ** including the temp database. (b) is important because if more than
+  ** one database file has an open write transaction, a super-journal
   ** file is required for an atomic commit.
-  */ 
-  for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){ 
+  */
+  for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){
     Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-    if( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pBt) ){
-      /* Whether or not a database might need a master journal depends upon
+    if( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt)==SQLITE_TXN_WRITE ){
+      /* Whether or not a database might need a super-journal depends upon
       ** its journal mode (among other things).  This matrix determines which
-      ** journal modes use a master journal and which do not */
+      ** journal modes use a super-journal and which do not */
       static const u8 aMJNeeded[] = {
         /* DELETE   */  1,
         /* PERSIST   */ 1,
@@ -77942,7 +80668,7 @@ static int vdbeCommit(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
       if( db->aDb[i].safety_level!=PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_OFF
        && aMJNeeded[sqlite3PagerGetJournalMode(pPager)]
        && sqlite3PagerIsMemdb(pPager)==0
-      ){ 
+      ){
         assert( i!=1 );
         nTrans++;
       }
@@ -77964,11 +80690,11 @@ static int vdbeCommit(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
 
   /* The simple case - no more than one database file (not counting the
   ** TEMP database) has a transaction active.   There is no need for the
-  ** master-journal.
+  ** super-journal.
   **
   ** If the return value of sqlite3BtreeGetFilename() is a zero length
-  ** string, it means the main database is :memory: or a temp file.  In 
-  ** that case we do not support atomic multi-file commits, so use the 
+  ** string, it means the main database is :memory: or a temp file.  In
+  ** that case we do not support atomic multi-file commits, so use the
   ** simple case then too.
   */
   if( 0==sqlite3Strlen30(sqlite3BtreeGetFilename(db->aDb[0].pBt))
@@ -77981,7 +80707,7 @@ static int vdbeCommit(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
       }
     }
 
-    /* Do the commit only if all databases successfully complete phase 1. 
+    /* Do the commit only if all databases successfully complete phase 1.
     ** If one of the BtreeCommitPhaseOne() calls fails, this indicates an
     ** IO error while deleting or truncating a journal file. It is unlikely,
     ** but could happen. In this case abandon processing and return the error.
@@ -77998,124 +80724,125 @@ static int vdbeCommit(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
   }
 
   /* The complex case - There is a multi-file write-transaction active.
-  ** This requires a master journal file to ensure the transaction is
+  ** This requires a super-journal file to ensure the transaction is
   ** committed atomically.
   */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO
   else{
     sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = db->pVfs;
-    char *zMaster = 0;   /* File-name for the master journal */
+    char *zSuper = 0;   /* File-name for the super-journal */
     char const *zMainFile = sqlite3BtreeGetFilename(db->aDb[0].pBt);
-    sqlite3_file *pMaster = 0;
+    sqlite3_file *pSuperJrnl = 0;
     i64 offset = 0;
     int res;
     int retryCount = 0;
     int nMainFile;
 
-    /* Select a master journal file name */
+    /* Select a super-journal file name */
     nMainFile = sqlite3Strlen30(zMainFile);
-    zMaster = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s-mjXXXXXX9XXz", zMainFile);
-    if( zMaster==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+    zSuper = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%.4c%s%.16c", 0,zMainFile,0);
+    if( zSuper==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+    zSuper += 4;
     do {
       u32 iRandom;
       if( retryCount ){
         if( retryCount>100 ){
-          sqlite3_log(SQLITE_FULL, "MJ delete: %s", zMaster);
-          sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, zMaster, 0);
+          sqlite3_log(SQLITE_FULL, "MJ delete: %s", zSuper);
+          sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, zSuper, 0);
           break;
         }else if( retryCount==1 ){
-          sqlite3_log(SQLITE_FULL, "MJ collide: %s", zMaster);
+          sqlite3_log(SQLITE_FULL, "MJ collide: %s", zSuper);
         }
       }
       retryCount++;
       sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(iRandom), &iRandom);
-      sqlite3_snprintf(13, &zMaster[nMainFile], "-mj%06X9%02X",
+      sqlite3_snprintf(13, &zSuper[nMainFile], "-mj%06X9%02X",
                                (iRandom>>8)&0xffffff, iRandom&0xff);
-      /* The antipenultimate character of the master journal name must
+      /* The antipenultimate character of the super-journal name must
       ** be "9" to avoid name collisions when using 8+3 filenames. */
-      assert( zMaster[sqlite3Strlen30(zMaster)-3]=='9' );
-      sqlite3FileSuffix3(zMainFile, zMaster);
-      rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zMaster, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &res);
+      assert( zSuper[sqlite3Strlen30(zSuper)-3]=='9' );
+      sqlite3FileSuffix3(zMainFile, zSuper);
+      rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zSuper, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &res);
     }while( rc==SQLITE_OK && res );
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      /* Open the master journal. */
-      rc = sqlite3OsOpenMalloc(pVfs, zMaster, &pMaster, 
+      /* Open the super-journal. */
+      rc = sqlite3OsOpenMalloc(pVfs, zSuper, &pSuperJrnl,
           SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|
-          SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE|SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL, 0
+          SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE|SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL, 0
       );
     }
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zMaster);
+      sqlite3DbFree(db, zSuper-4);
       return rc;
     }
- 
+
     /* Write the name of each database file in the transaction into the new
-    ** master journal file. If an error occurs at this point close
-    ** and delete the master journal file. All the individual journal files
-    ** still have 'null' as the master journal pointer, so they will roll
+    ** super-journal file. If an error occurs at this point close
+    ** and delete the super-journal file. All the individual journal files
+    ** still have 'null' as the super-journal pointer, so they will roll
     ** back independently if a failure occurs.
     */
     for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
       Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-      if( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pBt) ){
+      if( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt)==SQLITE_TXN_WRITE ){
         char const *zFile = sqlite3BtreeGetJournalname(pBt);
         if( zFile==0 ){
           continue;  /* Ignore TEMP and :memory: databases */
         }
         assert( zFile[0]!=0 );
-        rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pMaster, zFile, sqlite3Strlen30(zFile)+1, offset);
+        rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pSuperJrnl, zFile, sqlite3Strlen30(zFile)+1,offset);
         offset += sqlite3Strlen30(zFile)+1;
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          sqlite3OsCloseFree(pMaster);
-          sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, zMaster, 0);
-          sqlite3DbFree(db, zMaster);
+          sqlite3OsCloseFree(pSuperJrnl);
+          sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, zSuper, 0);
+          sqlite3DbFree(db, zSuper-4);
           return rc;
         }
       }
     }
 
-    /* Sync the master journal file. If the IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL device
+    /* Sync the super-journal file. If the IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL device
     ** flag is set this is not required.
     */
-    if( 0==(sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pMaster)&SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL)
-     && SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3OsSync(pMaster, SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL))
+    if( 0==(sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pSuperJrnl)&SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL)
+     && SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3OsSync(pSuperJrnl, SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL))
     ){
-      sqlite3OsCloseFree(pMaster);
-      sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, zMaster, 0);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zMaster);
+      sqlite3OsCloseFree(pSuperJrnl);
+      sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, zSuper, 0);
+      sqlite3DbFree(db, zSuper-4);
       return rc;
     }
 
     /* Sync all the db files involved in the transaction. The same call
-    ** sets the master journal pointer in each individual journal. If
-    ** an error occurs here, do not delete the master journal file.
+    ** sets the super-journal pointer in each individual journal. If
+    ** an error occurs here, do not delete the super-journal file.
     **
     ** If the error occurs during the first call to
     ** sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(), then there is a chance that the
-    ** master journal file will be orphaned. But we cannot delete it,
-    ** in case the master journal file name was written into the journal
+    ** super-journal file will be orphaned. But we cannot delete it,
+    ** in case the super-journal file name was written into the journal
     ** file before the failure occurred.
     */
-    for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){ 
+    for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){
       Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
       if( pBt ){
-        rc = sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(pBt, zMaster);
+        rc = sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseOne(pBt, zSuper);
       }
     }
-    sqlite3OsCloseFree(pMaster);
+    sqlite3OsCloseFree(pSuperJrnl);
     assert( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY );
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zMaster);
+      sqlite3DbFree(db, zSuper-4);
       return rc;
     }
 
-    /* Delete the master journal file. This commits the transaction. After
+    /* Delete the super-journal file. This commits the transaction. After
     ** doing this the directory is synced again before any individual
     ** transaction files are deleted.
     */
-    rc = sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, zMaster, 1);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zMaster);
-    zMaster = 0;
+    rc = sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, zSuper, 1);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, zSuper-4);
+    zSuper = 0;
     if( rc ){
       return rc;
     }
@@ -78129,7 +80856,7 @@ static int vdbeCommit(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
     */
     disable_simulated_io_errors();
     sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){ 
+    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
       Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
       if( pBt ){
         sqlite3BtreeCommitPhaseTwo(pBt, 1);
@@ -78145,7 +80872,7 @@ static int vdbeCommit(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** This routine checks that the sqlite3.nVdbeActive count variable
 ** matches the number of vdbe's in the list sqlite3.pVdbe that are
 ** currently active. An assertion fails if the two counts do not match.
@@ -78181,10 +80908,10 @@ static void checkActiveVdbeCnt(sqlite3 *db){
 ** If the Vdbe passed as the first argument opened a statement-transaction,
 ** close it now. Argument eOp must be either SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK or
 ** SAVEPOINT_RELEASE. If it is SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, then the statement
-** transaction is rolled back. If eOp is SAVEPOINT_RELEASE, then the 
+** transaction is rolled back. If eOp is SAVEPOINT_RELEASE, then the
 ** statement transaction is committed.
 **
-** If an IO error occurs, an SQLITE_IOERR_XXX error code is returned. 
+** If an IO error occurs, an SQLITE_IOERR_XXX error code is returned.
 ** Otherwise SQLITE_OK.
 */
 static SQLITE_NOINLINE int vdbeCloseStatement(Vdbe *p, int eOp){
@@ -78197,7 +80924,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int vdbeCloseStatement(Vdbe *p, int eOp){
   assert( db->nStatement>0 );
   assert( p->iStatement==(db->nStatement+db->nSavepoint) );
 
-  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){ 
+  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
     int rc2 = SQLITE_OK;
     Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
     if( pBt ){
@@ -78224,8 +80951,8 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int vdbeCloseStatement(Vdbe *p, int eOp){
     }
   }
 
-  /* If the statement transaction is being rolled back, also restore the 
-  ** database handles deferred constraint counter to the value it had when 
+  /* If the statement transaction is being rolled back, also restore the
+  ** database handles deferred constraint counter to the value it had when
   ** the statement transaction was opened.  */
   if( eOp==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK ){
     db->nDeferredCons = p->nStmtDefCons;
@@ -78242,20 +80969,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(Vdbe *p, int eOp){
 
 
 /*
-** This function is called when a transaction opened by the database 
-** handle associated with the VM passed as an argument is about to be 
+** This function is called when a transaction opened by the database
+** handle associated with the VM passed as an argument is about to be
 ** committed. If there are outstanding deferred foreign key constraint
 ** violations, return SQLITE_ERROR. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK.
 **
-** If there are outstanding FK violations and this function returns 
+** If there are outstanding FK violations and this function returns
 ** SQLITE_ERROR, set the result of the VM to SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY
 ** and write an error message to it. Then return SQLITE_ERROR.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(Vdbe *p, int deferred){
   sqlite3 *db = p->db;
-  if( (deferred && (db->nDeferredCons+db->nDeferredImmCons)>0) 
-   || (!deferred && p->nFkConstraint>0) 
+  if( (deferred && (db->nDeferredCons+db->nDeferredImmCons)>0)
+   || (!deferred && p->nFkConstraint>0)
   ){
     p->rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY;
     p->errorAction = OE_Abort;
@@ -78285,7 +81012,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe *p){
 
   /* This function contains the logic that determines if a statement or
   ** transaction will be committed or rolled back as a result of the
-  ** execution of this virtual machine. 
+  ** execution of this virtual machine.
   **
   ** If any of the following errors occur:
   **
@@ -78323,16 +81050,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe *p){
     isSpecialError = mrc==SQLITE_NOMEM || mrc==SQLITE_IOERR
                      || mrc==SQLITE_INTERRUPT || mrc==SQLITE_FULL;
     if( isSpecialError ){
-      /* If the query was read-only and the error code is SQLITE_INTERRUPT, 
-      ** no rollback is necessary. Otherwise, at least a savepoint 
-      ** transaction must be rolled back to restore the database to a 
+      /* If the query was read-only and the error code is SQLITE_INTERRUPT,
+      ** no rollback is necessary. Otherwise, at least a savepoint
+      ** transaction must be rolled back to restore the database to a
       ** consistent state.
       **
       ** Even if the statement is read-only, it is important to perform
-      ** a statement or transaction rollback operation. If the error 
+      ** a statement or transaction rollback operation. If the error
       ** occurred while writing to the journal, sub-journal or database
       ** file as part of an effort to free up cache space (see function
-      ** pagerStress() in pager.c), the rollback is required to restore 
+      ** pagerStress() in pager.c), the rollback is required to restore
       ** the pager to a consistent state.
       */
       if( !p->readOnly || mrc!=SQLITE_INTERRUPT ){
@@ -78351,19 +81078,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe *p){
     }
 
     /* Check for immediate foreign key violations. */
-    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || (p->errorAction==OE_Fail && !isSpecialError) ){
       sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p, 0);
     }
-  
-    /* If the auto-commit flag is set and this is the only active writer 
-    ** VM, then we do either a commit or rollback of the current transaction. 
+
+    /* If the auto-commit flag is set and this is the only active writer
+    ** VM, then we do either a commit or rollback of the current transaction.
     **
-    ** Note: This block also runs if one of the special errors handled 
-    ** above has occurred. 
+    ** Note: This block also runs if one of the special errors handled
+    ** above has occurred.
     */
-    if( !sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 
-     && db->autoCommit 
-     && db->nVdbeWrite==(p->readOnly==0) 
+    if( !sqlite3VtabInSync(db)
+     && db->autoCommit
+     && db->nVdbeWrite==(p->readOnly==0)
     ){
       if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || (p->errorAction==OE_Fail && !isSpecialError) ){
         rc = sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p, 1);
@@ -78373,10 +81100,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe *p){
             return SQLITE_ERROR;
           }
           rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY;
-        }else{ 
-          /* The auto-commit flag is true, the vdbe program was successful 
+        }else{
+          /* The auto-commit flag is true, the vdbe program was successful
           ** or hit an 'OR FAIL' constraint and there are no deferred foreign
-          ** key constraints to hold up the transaction. This means a commit 
+          ** key constraints to hold up the transaction. This means a commit
           ** is required. */
           rc = vdbeCommit(db, p);
         }
@@ -78390,7 +81117,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe *p){
         }else{
           db->nDeferredCons = 0;
           db->nDeferredImmCons = 0;
-          db->flags &= ~SQLITE_DeferFKs;
+          db->flags &= ~(u64)SQLITE_DeferFKs;
           sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(db);
         }
       }else{
@@ -78410,7 +81137,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe *p){
         p->nChange = 0;
       }
     }
-  
+
     /* If eStatementOp is non-zero, then a statement transaction needs to
     ** be committed or rolled back. Call sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement() to
     ** do so. If this operation returns an error, and the current statement
@@ -78431,9 +81158,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe *p){
         p->nChange = 0;
       }
     }
-  
+
     /* If this was an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE and no statement transaction
-    ** has been rolled back, update the database connection change-counter. 
+    ** has been rolled back, update the database connection change-counter.
     */
     if( p->changeCntOn ){
       if( eStatementOp!=SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK ){
@@ -78464,7 +81191,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe *p){
   }
 
   /* If the auto-commit flag is set to true, then any locks that were held
-  ** by connection db have now been released. Call sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked() 
+  ** by connection db have now been released. Call sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked()
   ** to invoke any required unlock-notify callbacks.
   */
   if( db->autoCommit ){
@@ -78486,7 +81213,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeResetStepResult(Vdbe *p){
 
 /*
 ** Copy the error code and error message belonging to the VDBE passed
-** as the first argument to its database handle (so that they will be 
+** as the first argument to its database handle (so that they will be
 ** returned by calls to sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg()).
 **
 ** This function does not clear the VDBE error code or message, just
@@ -78511,7 +81238,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeTransferError(Vdbe *p){
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
 /*
-** If an SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG hook is registered and the VM has been run, 
+** If an SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG hook is registered and the VM has been run,
 ** invoke it.
 */
 static void vdbeInvokeSqllog(Vdbe *v){
@@ -78562,7 +81289,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeReset(Vdbe *p){
   */
   if( p->pc>=0 ){
     vdbeInvokeSqllog(p);
-    sqlite3VdbeTransferError(p);
+    if( db->pErr || p->zErrMsg ){
+      sqlite3VdbeTransferError(p);
+    }else{
+      db->errCode = p->rc;
+    }
     if( p->runOnlyOnce ) p->expired = 1;
   }else if( p->rc && p->expired ){
     /* The expired flag was set on the VDBE before the first call
@@ -78575,15 +81306,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeReset(Vdbe *p){
   /* Reset register contents and reclaim error message memory.
   */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  /* Execute assert() statements to ensure that the Vdbe.apCsr[] and 
+  /* Execute assert() statements to ensure that the Vdbe.apCsr[] and
   ** Vdbe.aMem[] arrays have already been cleaned up.  */
   if( p->apCsr ) for(i=0; i<p->nCursor; i++) assert( p->apCsr[i]==0 );
   if( p->aMem ){
     for(i=0; i<p->nMem; i++) assert( p->aMem[i].flags==MEM_Undefined );
   }
 #endif
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-  p->zErrMsg = 0;
+  if( p->zErrMsg ){
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
+    p->zErrMsg = 0;
+  }
   p->pResultSet = 0;
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   p->nWrite = 0;
@@ -78627,7 +81360,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeReset(Vdbe *p){
   p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_RESET;
   return p->rc & db->errMask;
 }
- 
+
 /*
 ** Clean up and delete a VDBE after execution.  Return an integer which is
 ** the result code.  Write any error message text into *pzErrMsg.
@@ -78648,8 +81381,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeFinalize(Vdbe *p){
 ** the first argument.
 **
 ** Or, if iOp is greater than or equal to zero, then the destructor is
-** only invoked for those auxiliary data pointers created by the user 
-** function invoked by the OP_Function opcode at instruction iOp of 
+** only invoked for those auxiliary data pointers created by the user
+** function invoked by the OP_Function opcode at instruction iOp of
 ** VM pVdbe, and only then if:
 **
 **    * the associated function parameter is the 32nd or later (counting
@@ -78703,6 +81436,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeClearObject(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
   vdbeFreeOpArray(db, p->aOp, p->nOp);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aColName);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zSql);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
+  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zNormSql);
+  {
+    DblquoteStr *pThis, *pNext;
+    for(pThis=p->pDblStr; pThis; pThis=pNext){
+      pNext = pThis->pNextStr;
+      sqlite3DbFree(db, pThis);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
   {
     int i;
@@ -78743,7 +81486,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDelete(Vdbe *p){
 ** carried out.  Seek the cursor now.  If an error occurs, return
 ** the appropriate error code.
 */
-static int SQLITE_NOINLINE handleDeferredMoveto(VdbeCursor *p){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int SQLITE_NOINLINE sqlite3VdbeFinishMoveto(VdbeCursor *p){
   int res, rc;
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
   extern int sqlite3_search_count;
@@ -78805,17 +81548,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorRestore(VdbeCursor *p){
 ** If the cursor is already pointing to the correct row and that row has
 ** not been deleted out from under the cursor, then this routine is a no-op.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(VdbeCursor **pp, int *piCol){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(VdbeCursor **pp, u32 *piCol){
   VdbeCursor *p = *pp;
   assert( p->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE || p->eCurType==CURTYPE_PSEUDO );
   if( p->deferredMoveto ){
-    int iMap;
-    if( p->aAltMap && (iMap = p->aAltMap[1+*piCol])>0 ){
+    u32 iMap;
+    if( p->aAltMap && (iMap = p->aAltMap[1+*piCol])>0 && !p->nullRow ){
       *pp = p->pAltCursor;
       *piCol = iMap - 1;
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
-    return handleDeferredMoveto(p);
+    return sqlite3VdbeFinishMoveto(p);
   }
   if( sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(p->uc.pCursor) ){
     return handleMovedCursor(p);
@@ -78865,8 +81608,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(VdbeCursor **pp, int *piCol){
 ** of SQLite will not understand those serial types.
 */
 
+#if 0 /* Inlined into the OP_MakeRecord opcode */
 /*
 ** Return the serial-type for the value stored in pMem.
+**
+** This routine might convert a large MEM_IntReal value into MEM_Real.
+**
+** 2019-07-11:  The primary user of this subroutine was the OP_MakeRecord
+** opcode in the byte-code engine.  But by moving this routine in-line, we
+** can omit some redundant tests and make that opcode a lot faster.  So
+** this routine is now only used by the STAT3 logic and STAT3 support has
+** ended.  The code is kept here for historical reference only.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialType(Mem *pMem, int file_format, u32 *pLen){
   int flags = pMem->flags;
@@ -78877,11 +81629,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialType(Mem *pMem, int file_format, u32 *pLen){
     *pLen = 0;
     return 0;
   }
-  if( flags&MEM_Int ){
+  if( flags&(MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
     /* Figure out whether to use 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8 bytes. */
 #   define MAX_6BYTE ((((i64)0x00008000)<<32)-1)
     i64 i = pMem->u.i;
     u64 u;
+    testcase( flags & MEM_Int );
+    testcase( flags & MEM_IntReal );
     if( i<0 ){
       u = ~i;
     }else{
@@ -78901,6 +81655,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialType(Mem *pMem, int file_format, u32 *pLen){
     if( u<=2147483647 ){ *pLen = 4; return 4; }
     if( u<=MAX_6BYTE ){ *pLen = 6; return 5; }
     *pLen = 8;
+    if( flags&MEM_IntReal ){
+      /* If the value is IntReal and is going to take up 8 bytes to store
+      ** as an integer, then we might as well make it an 8-byte floating
+      ** point value */
+      pMem->u.r = (double)pMem->u.i;
+      pMem->flags &= ~MEM_IntReal;
+      pMem->flags |= MEM_Real;
+      return 7;
+    }
     return 6;
   }
   if( flags&MEM_Real ){
@@ -78916,12 +81679,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialType(Mem *pMem, int file_format, u32 *pLen){
   *pLen = n;
   return ((n*2) + 12 + ((flags&MEM_Str)!=0));
 }
+#endif /* inlined into OP_MakeRecord */
 
 /*
 ** The sizes for serial types less than 128
 */
 static const u8 sqlite3SmallTypeSizes[] = {
-        /*  0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9 */   
+        /*  0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9 */
 /*   0 */   0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  6,  8,  8,  0,  0,
 /*  10 */   0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  2,  2,  3,  3,
 /*  20 */   4,  4,  5,  5,  6,  6,  7,  7,  8,  8,
@@ -78944,19 +81708,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(u32 serial_type){
   if( serial_type>=128 ){
     return (serial_type-12)/2;
   }else{
-    assert( serial_type<12 
+    assert( serial_type<12
             || sqlite3SmallTypeSizes[serial_type]==(serial_type - 12)/2 );
     return sqlite3SmallTypeSizes[serial_type];
   }
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3VdbeOneByteSerialTypeLen(u8 serial_type){
   assert( serial_type<128 );
-  return sqlite3SmallTypeSizes[serial_type];  
+  return sqlite3SmallTypeSizes[serial_type];
 }
 
 /*
-** If we are on an architecture with mixed-endian floating 
-** points (ex: ARM7) then swap the lower 4 bytes with the 
+** If we are on an architecture with mixed-endian floating
+** points (ex: ARM7) then swap the lower 4 bytes with the
 ** upper 4 bytes.  Return the result.
 **
 ** For most architectures, this is a no-op.
@@ -78978,7 +81742,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3VdbeOneByteSerialTypeLen(u8 serial_type){
 ** (2007-08-30)  Frank van Vugt has studied this problem closely
 ** and has send his findings to the SQLite developers.  Frank
 ** writes that some Linux kernels offer floating point hardware
-** emulation that uses only 32-bit mantissas instead of a full 
+** emulation that uses only 32-bit mantissas instead of a full
 ** 48-bits as required by the IEEE standard.  (This is the
 ** CONFIG_FPE_FASTFPE option.)  On such systems, floating point
 ** byte swapping becomes very complicated.  To avoid problems,
@@ -79008,7 +81772,7 @@ static u64 floatSwap(u64 in){
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Write the serialized data blob for the value stored in pMem into 
+** Write the serialized data blob for the value stored in pMem into
 ** buf. It is assumed that the caller has allocated sufficient space.
 ** Return the number of bytes written.
 **
@@ -79019,7 +81783,7 @@ static u64 floatSwap(u64 in){
 ** Return the number of bytes actually written into buf[].  The number
 ** of bytes in the zero-filled tail is included in the return value only
 ** if those bytes were zeroed in buf[].
-*/ 
+*/
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(u8 *buf, Mem *pMem, u32 serial_type){
   u32 len;
 
@@ -79073,8 +81837,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(u8 *buf, Mem *pMem, u32 serial_type){
 ** The few cases that require local variables are broken out into a separate
 ** routine so that in most cases the overhead of moving the stack pointer
 ** is avoided.
-*/ 
-static u32 SQLITE_NOINLINE serialGet(
+*/
+static u32 serialGet(
   const unsigned char *buf,     /* Buffer to deserialize from */
   u32 serial_type,              /* Serial type to deserialize */
   Mem *pMem                     /* Memory cell to write value into */
@@ -79106,7 +81870,7 @@ static u32 SQLITE_NOINLINE serialGet(
     assert( sizeof(x)==8 && sizeof(pMem->u.r)==8 );
     swapMixedEndianFloat(x);
     memcpy(&pMem->u.r, &x, sizeof(x));
-    pMem->flags = sqlite3IsNaN(pMem->u.r) ? MEM_Null : MEM_Real;
+    pMem->flags = IsNaN(x) ? MEM_Null : MEM_Real;
   }
   return 8;
 }
@@ -79157,7 +81921,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(
       /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-01849-26079 Value is a big-endian 32-bit
       ** twos-complement integer. */
       pMem->u.i = FOUR_BYTE_INT(buf);
-#ifdef __HP_cc 
+#ifdef __HP_cc
       /* Work around a sign-extension bug in the HP compiler for HP/UX */
       if( buf[0]&0x80 ) pMem->u.i |= 0xffffffff80000000LL;
 #endif
@@ -79209,7 +81973,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(
 ** The space is either allocated using sqlite3DbMallocRaw() or from within
 ** the unaligned buffer passed via the second and third arguments (presumably
 ** stack space). If the former, then *ppFree is set to a pointer that should
-** be eventually freed by the caller using sqlite3DbFree(). Or, if the 
+** be eventually freed by the caller using sqlite3DbFree(). Or, if the
 ** allocation comes from the pSpace/szSpace buffer, *ppFree is set to NULL
 ** before returning.
 **
@@ -79224,17 +81988,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE UnpackedRecord *sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(
   p = (UnpackedRecord *)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pKeyInfo->db, nByte);
   if( !p ) return 0;
   p->aMem = (Mem*)&((char*)p)[ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord))];
-  assert( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder!=0 );
+  assert( pKeyInfo->aSortFlags!=0 );
   p->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo;
   p->nField = pKeyInfo->nKeyField + 1;
   return p;
 }
 
 /*
-** Given the nKey-byte encoding of a record in pKey[], populate the 
+** Given the nKey-byte encoding of a record in pKey[], populate the
 ** UnpackedRecord structure indicated by the fourth argument with the
 ** contents of the decoded record.
-*/ 
+*/
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(
   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,     /* Information about the record format */
   int nKey,              /* Size of the binary record */
@@ -79242,7 +82006,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(
   UnpackedRecord *p      /* Populate this structure before returning. */
 ){
   const unsigned char *aKey = (const unsigned char *)pKey;
-  int d; 
+  u32 d;
   u32 idx;                        /* Offset in aKey[] to read from */
   u16 u;                          /* Unsigned loop counter */
   u32 szHdr;
@@ -79253,7 +82017,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(
   idx = getVarint32(aKey, szHdr);
   d = szHdr;
   u = 0;
-  while( idx<szHdr && d<=nKey ){
+  while( idx<szHdr && d<=(u32)nKey ){
     u32 serial_type;
 
     idx += getVarint32(&aKey[idx], serial_type);
@@ -79266,6 +82030,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(
     pMem++;
     if( (++u)>=p->nField ) break;
   }
+  if( d>(u32)nKey && u ){
+    assert( CORRUPT_DB );
+    /* In a corrupt record entry, the last pMem might have been set up using
+    ** uninitialized memory. Overwrite its value with NULL, to prevent
+    ** warnings from MSAN. */
+    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pMem-1);
+  }
   assert( u<=pKeyInfo->nKeyField + 1 );
   p->nField = u;
 }
@@ -79305,18 +82076,18 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareDebug(
 
   /* Compilers may complain that mem1.u.i is potentially uninitialized.
   ** We could initialize it, as shown here, to silence those complaints.
-  ** But in fact, mem1.u.i will never actually be used uninitialized, and doing 
+  ** But in fact, mem1.u.i will never actually be used uninitialized, and doing
   ** the unnecessary initialization has a measurable negative performance
   ** impact, since this routine is a very high runner.  And so, we choose
   ** to ignore the compiler warnings and leave this variable uninitialized.
   */
   /*  mem1.u.i = 0;  // not needed, here to silence compiler warning */
-  
+
   idx1 = getVarint32(aKey1, szHdr1);
   if( szHdr1>98307 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT;
   d1 = szHdr1;
   assert( pKeyInfo->nAllField>=pPKey2->nField || CORRUPT_DB );
-  assert( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder!=0 );
+  assert( pKeyInfo->aSortFlags!=0 );
   assert( pKeyInfo->nKeyField>0 );
   assert( idx1<=szHdr1 || CORRUPT_DB );
   do{
@@ -79331,8 +82102,8 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareDebug(
     ** Use that approximation to avoid the more expensive call to
     ** sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen() in the common case.
     */
-    if( d1+serial_type1+2>(u32)nKey1
-     && d1+sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(serial_type1)>(u32)nKey1 
+    if( d1+(u64)serial_type1+2>(u64)nKey1
+     && d1+(u64)sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(serial_type1)>(u64)nKey1
     ){
       break;
     }
@@ -79343,10 +82114,16 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareDebug(
 
     /* Do the comparison
     */
-    rc = sqlite3MemCompare(&mem1, &pPKey2->aMem[i], pKeyInfo->aColl[i]);
+    rc = sqlite3MemCompare(&mem1, &pPKey2->aMem[i],
+                           pKeyInfo->nAllField>i ? pKeyInfo->aColl[i] : 0);
     if( rc!=0 ){
       assert( mem1.szMalloc==0 );  /* See comment below */
-      if( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i] ){
+      if( (pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[i] & KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL)
+       && ((mem1.flags & MEM_Null) || (pPKey2->aMem[i].flags & MEM_Null))
+      ){
+        rc = -rc;
+      }
+      if( pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[i] & KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC ){
         rc = -rc;  /* Invert the result for DESC sort order. */
       }
       goto debugCompareEnd;
@@ -79388,7 +82165,7 @@ debugCompareEnd:
 ** incorrectly.
 */
 static void vdbeAssertFieldCountWithinLimits(
-  int nKey, const void *pKey,   /* The record to verify */ 
+  int nKey, const void *pKey,   /* The record to verify */
   const KeyInfo *pKeyInfo       /* Compare size with this KeyInfo */
 ){
   int nField = 0;
@@ -79414,7 +82191,7 @@ static void vdbeAssertFieldCountWithinLimits(
 /*
 ** Both *pMem1 and *pMem2 contain string values. Compare the two values
 ** using the collation sequence pColl. As usual, return a negative , zero
-** or positive value if *pMem1 is less than, equal to or greater than 
+** or positive value if *pMem1 is less than, equal to or greater than
 ** *pMem2, respectively. Similar in spirit to "rc = (*pMem1) - (*pMem2);".
 */
 static int vdbeCompareMemString(
@@ -79503,9 +82280,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3BlobCompare(const Mem *pB1, const Mem
 static int sqlite3IntFloatCompare(i64 i, double r){
   if( sizeof(LONGDOUBLE_TYPE)>8 ){
     LONGDOUBLE_TYPE x = (LONGDOUBLE_TYPE)i;
+    testcase( x<r );
+    testcase( x>r );
+    testcase( x==r );
     if( x<r ) return -1;
-    if( x>r ) return +1;
-    return 0;
+    if( x>r ) return +1;  /*NO_TEST*/ /* work around bugs in gcov */
+    return 0;             /*NO_TEST*/ /* work around bugs in gcov */
   }else{
     i64 y;
     double s;
@@ -79538,7 +82318,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemCompare(const Mem *pMem1, const Mem *pMem2, const C
   f2 = pMem2->flags;
   combined_flags = f1|f2;
   assert( !sqlite3VdbeMemIsRowSet(pMem1) && !sqlite3VdbeMemIsRowSet(pMem2) );
- 
+
   /* If one value is NULL, it is less than the other. If both values
   ** are NULL, return 0.
   */
@@ -79548,8 +82328,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemCompare(const Mem *pMem1, const Mem *pMem2, const C
 
   /* At least one of the two values is a number
   */
-  if( combined_flags&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real) ){
-    if( (f1 & f2 & MEM_Int)!=0 ){
+  if( combined_flags&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal) ){
+    testcase( combined_flags & MEM_Int );
+    testcase( combined_flags & MEM_Real );
+    testcase( combined_flags & MEM_IntReal );
+    if( (f1 & f2 & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
+      testcase( f1 & f2 & MEM_Int );
+      testcase( f1 & f2 & MEM_IntReal );
       if( pMem1->u.i < pMem2->u.i ) return -1;
       if( pMem1->u.i > pMem2->u.i ) return +1;
       return 0;
@@ -79559,15 +82344,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemCompare(const Mem *pMem1, const Mem *pMem2, const C
       if( pMem1->u.r > pMem2->u.r ) return +1;
       return 0;
     }
-    if( (f1&MEM_Int)!=0 ){
+    if( (f1&(MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
+      testcase( f1 & MEM_Int );
+      testcase( f1 & MEM_IntReal );
       if( (f2&MEM_Real)!=0 ){
         return sqlite3IntFloatCompare(pMem1->u.i, pMem2->u.r);
+      }else if( (f2&(MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
+        if( pMem1->u.i < pMem2->u.i ) return -1;
+        if( pMem1->u.i > pMem2->u.i ) return +1;
+        return 0;
       }else{
         return -1;
       }
     }
     if( (f1&MEM_Real)!=0 ){
-      if( (f2&MEM_Int)!=0 ){
+      if( (f2&(MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
+        testcase( f2 & MEM_Int );
+        testcase( f2 & MEM_IntReal );
         return -sqlite3IntFloatCompare(pMem2->u.i, pMem1->u.r);
       }else{
         return -1;
@@ -79588,7 +82381,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemCompare(const Mem *pMem1, const Mem *pMem2, const C
     }
 
     assert( pMem1->enc==pMem2->enc || pMem1->db->mallocFailed );
-    assert( pMem1->enc==SQLITE_UTF8 || 
+    assert( pMem1->enc==SQLITE_UTF8 ||
             pMem1->enc==SQLITE_UTF16LE || pMem1->enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE );
 
     /* The collation sequence must be defined at this point, even if
@@ -79603,7 +82396,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemCompare(const Mem *pMem1, const Mem *pMem2, const C
     /* If a NULL pointer was passed as the collate function, fall through
     ** to the blob case and use memcmp().  */
   }
- 
+
   /* Both values must be blobs.  Compare using memcmp().  */
   return sqlite3BlobCompare(pMem1, pMem2);
 }
@@ -79611,7 +82404,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemCompare(const Mem *pMem1, const Mem *pMem2, const C
 
 /*
 ** The first argument passed to this function is a serial-type that
-** corresponds to an integer - all values between 1 and 9 inclusive 
+** corresponds to an integer - all values between 1 and 9 inclusive
 ** except 7. The second points to a buffer containing an integer value
 ** serialized according to serial_type. This function deserializes
 ** and returns the value.
@@ -79653,7 +82446,7 @@ static i64 vdbeRecordDecodeInt(u32 serial_type, const u8 *aKey){
 /*
 ** This function compares the two table rows or index records
 ** specified by {nKey1, pKey1} and pPKey2.  It returns a negative, zero
-** or positive integer if key1 is less than, equal to or 
+** or positive integer if key1 is less than, equal to or
 ** greater than key2.  The {nKey1, pKey1} key must be a blob
 ** created by the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE.  The pPKey2
 ** key must be a parsed key such as obtained from
@@ -79662,12 +82455,12 @@ static i64 vdbeRecordDecodeInt(u32 serial_type, const u8 *aKey){
 ** If argument bSkip is non-zero, it is assumed that the caller has already
 ** determined that the first fields of the keys are equal.
 **
-** Key1 and Key2 do not have to contain the same number of fields. If all 
-** fields that appear in both keys are equal, then pPKey2->default_rc is 
+** Key1 and Key2 do not have to contain the same number of fields. If all
+** fields that appear in both keys are equal, then pPKey2->default_rc is
 ** returned.
 **
-** If database corruption is discovered, set pPKey2->errCode to 
-** SQLITE_CORRUPT and return 0. If an OOM error is encountered, 
+** If database corruption is discovered, set pPKey2->errCode to
+** SQLITE_CORRUPT and return 0. If an OOM error is encountered,
 ** pPKey2->errCode is set to SQLITE_NOMEM and, if it is not NULL, the
 ** malloc-failed flag set on database handle (pPKey2->pKeyInfo->db).
 */
@@ -79699,24 +82492,26 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(
   }else{
     idx1 = getVarint32(aKey1, szHdr1);
     d1 = szHdr1;
-    if( d1>(unsigned)nKey1 ){ 
-      pPKey2->errCode = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-      return 0;  /* Corruption */
-    }
     i = 0;
   }
+  if( d1>(unsigned)nKey1 ){
+    pPKey2->errCode = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return 0;  /* Corruption */
+  }
 
   VVA_ONLY( mem1.szMalloc = 0; ) /* Only needed by assert() statements */
-  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nAllField>=pPKey2->nField 
+  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nAllField>=pPKey2->nField
        || CORRUPT_DB );
-  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->aSortOrder!=0 );
+  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags!=0 );
   assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nKeyField>0 );
   assert( idx1<=szHdr1 || CORRUPT_DB );
   do{
     u32 serial_type;
 
     /* RHS is an integer */
-    if( pRhs->flags & MEM_Int ){
+    if( pRhs->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
+      testcase( pRhs->flags & MEM_Int );
+      testcase( pRhs->flags & MEM_IntReal );
       serial_type = aKey1[idx1];
       testcase( serial_type==12 );
       if( serial_type>=10 ){
@@ -79742,7 +82537,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(
       serial_type = aKey1[idx1];
       if( serial_type>=10 ){
         /* Serial types 12 or greater are strings and blobs (greater than
-        ** numbers). Types 10 and 11 are currently "reserved for future 
+        ** numbers). Types 10 and 11 are currently "reserved for future
         ** use", so it doesn't really matter what the results of comparing
         ** them to numberic values are.  */
         rc = +1;
@@ -79764,7 +82559,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(
 
     /* RHS is a string */
     else if( pRhs->flags & MEM_Str ){
-      getVarint32(&aKey1[idx1], serial_type);
+      getVarint32NR(&aKey1[idx1], serial_type);
       testcase( serial_type==12 );
       if( serial_type<12 ){
         rc = -1;
@@ -79774,10 +82569,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(
         mem1.n = (serial_type - 12) / 2;
         testcase( (d1+mem1.n)==(unsigned)nKey1 );
         testcase( (d1+mem1.n+1)==(unsigned)nKey1 );
-        if( (d1+mem1.n) > (unsigned)nKey1 ){
+        if( (d1+mem1.n) > (unsigned)nKey1
+         || (pKeyInfo = pPKey2->pKeyInfo)->nAllField<=i
+        ){
           pPKey2->errCode = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
           return 0;                /* Corruption */
-        }else if( (pKeyInfo = pPKey2->pKeyInfo)->aColl[i] ){
+        }else if( pKeyInfo->aColl[i] ){
           mem1.enc = pKeyInfo->enc;
           mem1.db = pKeyInfo->db;
           mem1.flags = MEM_Str;
@@ -79788,7 +82585,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(
         }else{
           int nCmp = MIN(mem1.n, pRhs->n);
           rc = memcmp(&aKey1[d1], pRhs->z, nCmp);
-          if( rc==0 ) rc = mem1.n - pRhs->n; 
+          if( rc==0 ) rc = mem1.n - pRhs->n;
         }
       }
     }
@@ -79796,7 +82593,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(
     /* RHS is a blob */
     else if( pRhs->flags & MEM_Blob ){
       assert( (pRhs->flags & MEM_Zero)==0 || pRhs->n==0 );
-      getVarint32(&aKey1[idx1], serial_type);
+      getVarint32NR(&aKey1[idx1], serial_type);
       testcase( serial_type==12 );
       if( serial_type<12 || (serial_type & 0x01) ){
         rc = -1;
@@ -79828,8 +82625,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(
     }
 
     if( rc!=0 ){
-      if( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i] ){
-        rc = -rc;
+      int sortFlags = pPKey2->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[i];
+      if( sortFlags ){
+        if( (sortFlags & KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL)==0
+         || ((sortFlags & KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC)
+           !=(serial_type==0 || (pRhs->flags&MEM_Null)))
+        ){
+          rc = -rc;
+        }
       }
       assert( vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2, rc) );
       assert( mem1.szMalloc==0 );  /* See comment below */
@@ -79851,8 +82654,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(
   /* rc==0 here means that one or both of the keys ran out of fields and
   ** all the fields up to that point were equal. Return the default_rc
   ** value.  */
-  assert( CORRUPT_DB 
-       || vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2, pPKey2->default_rc) 
+  assert( CORRUPT_DB
+       || vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2, pPKey2->default_rc)
        || pPKey2->pKeyInfo->db->mallocFailed
   );
   pPKey2->eqSeen = 1;
@@ -79867,8 +82670,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(
 
 
 /*
-** This function is an optimized version of sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare() 
-** that (a) the first field of pPKey2 is an integer, and (b) the 
+** This function is an optimized version of sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare()
+** that (a) the first field of pPKey2 is an integer, and (b) the
 ** size-of-header varint at the start of (pKey1/nKey1) fits in a single
 ** byte (i.e. is less than 128).
 **
@@ -79923,7 +82726,7 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareInt(
       testcase( lhs<0 );
       break;
     }
-    case 8: 
+    case 8:
       lhs = 0;
       break;
     case 9:
@@ -79931,11 +82734,11 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareInt(
       break;
 
     /* This case could be removed without changing the results of running
-    ** this code. Including it causes gcc to generate a faster switch 
+    ** this code. Including it causes gcc to generate a faster switch
     ** statement (since the range of switch targets now starts at zero and
     ** is contiguous) but does not cause any duplicate code to be generated
-    ** (as gcc is clever enough to combine the two like cases). Other 
-    ** compilers might be similar.  */ 
+    ** (as gcc is clever enough to combine the two like cases). Other
+    ** compilers might be similar.  */
     case 0: case 7:
       return sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2);
 
@@ -79949,7 +82752,7 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareInt(
   }else if( v<lhs ){
     res = pPKey2->r2;
   }else if( pPKey2->nField>1 ){
-    /* The first fields of the two keys are equal. Compare the trailing 
+    /* The first fields of the two keys are equal. Compare the trailing
     ** fields.  */
     res = sqlite3VdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2, 1);
   }else{
@@ -79964,9 +82767,9 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareInt(
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is an optimized version of sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare() 
+** This function is an optimized version of sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare()
 ** that (a) the first field of pPKey2 is a string, that (b) the first field
-** uses the collation sequence BINARY and (c) that the size-of-header varint 
+** uses the collation sequence BINARY and (c) that the size-of-header varint
 ** at the start of (pKey1/nKey1) fits in a single byte.
 */
 static int vdbeRecordCompareString(
@@ -79979,10 +82782,13 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareString(
 
   assert( pPKey2->aMem[0].flags & MEM_Str );
   vdbeAssertFieldCountWithinLimits(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2->pKeyInfo);
-  getVarint32(&aKey1[1], serial_type);
+  serial_type = (u8)(aKey1[1]);
+  if( serial_type >= 0x80 ){
+    sqlite3GetVarint32(&aKey1[1], (u32*)&serial_type);
+  }
   if( serial_type<12 ){
     res = pPKey2->r1;      /* (pKey1/nKey1) is a number or a null */
-  }else if( !(serial_type & 0x01) ){ 
+  }else if( !(serial_type & 0x01) ){
     res = pPKey2->r2;      /* (pKey1/nKey1) is a blob */
   }else{
     int nCmp;
@@ -79997,7 +82803,11 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareString(
     nCmp = MIN( pPKey2->aMem[0].n, nStr );
     res = memcmp(&aKey1[szHdr], pPKey2->aMem[0].z, nCmp);
 
-    if( res==0 ){
+    if( res>0 ){
+      res = pPKey2->r2;
+    }else if( res<0 ){
+      res = pPKey2->r1;
+    }else{
       res = nStr - pPKey2->aMem[0].n;
       if( res==0 ){
         if( pPKey2->nField>1 ){
@@ -80011,10 +82821,6 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareString(
       }else{
         res = pPKey2->r1;
       }
-    }else if( res>0 ){
-      res = pPKey2->r2;
-    }else{
-      res = pPKey2->r1;
     }
   }
 
@@ -80034,7 +82840,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE RecordCompare sqlite3VdbeFindCompare(UnpackedRecord *p){
   /* varintRecordCompareInt() and varintRecordCompareString() both assume
   ** that the size-of-header varint that occurs at the start of each record
   ** fits in a single byte (i.e. is 127 or less). varintRecordCompareInt()
-  ** also assumes that it is safe to overread a buffer by at least the 
+  ** also assumes that it is safe to overread a buffer by at least the
   ** maximum possible legal header size plus 8 bytes. Because there is
   ** guaranteed to be at least 74 (but not 136) bytes of padding following each
   ** buffer passed to varintRecordCompareInt() this makes it convenient to
@@ -80046,7 +82852,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE RecordCompare sqlite3VdbeFindCompare(UnpackedRecord *p){
   ** header size is (12*5 + 1 + 1) bytes.  */
   if( p->pKeyInfo->nAllField<=13 ){
     int flags = p->aMem[0].flags;
-    if( p->pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[0] ){
+    if( p->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0] ){
+      if( p->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0] & KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL ){
+        return sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare;
+      }
       p->r1 = 1;
       p->r2 = -1;
     }else{
@@ -80059,7 +82868,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE RecordCompare sqlite3VdbeFindCompare(UnpackedRecord *p){
     testcase( flags & MEM_Real );
     testcase( flags & MEM_Null );
     testcase( flags & MEM_Blob );
-    if( (flags & (MEM_Real|MEM_Null|MEM_Blob))==0 && p->pKeyInfo->aColl[0]==0 ){
+    if( (flags & (MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Null|MEM_Blob))==0
+     && p->pKeyInfo->aColl[0]==0
+    ){
       assert( flags & MEM_Str );
       return vdbeRecordCompareString;
     }
@@ -80087,7 +82898,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(sqlite3 *db, BtCursor *pCur, i64 *rowid){
   /* Get the size of the index entry.  Only indices entries of less
   ** than 2GiB are support - anything large must be database corruption.
   ** Any corruption is detected in sqlite3BtreeParseCellPtr(), though, so
-  ** this code can safely assume that nCellKey is 32-bits  
+  ** this code can safely assume that nCellKey is 32-bits
   */
   assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCur) );
   nCellKey = sqlite3BtreePayloadSize(pCur);
@@ -80095,22 +82906,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(sqlite3 *db, BtCursor *pCur, i64 *rowid){
 
   /* Read in the complete content of the index entry */
   sqlite3VdbeMemInit(&m, db, 0);
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(pCur, 0, (u32)nCellKey, &m);
+  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtreeZeroOffset(pCur, (u32)nCellKey, &m);
   if( rc ){
     return rc;
   }
 
   /* The index entry must begin with a header size */
-  (void)getVarint32((u8*)m.z, szHdr);
+  getVarint32NR((u8*)m.z, szHdr);
   testcase( szHdr==3 );
   testcase( szHdr==m.n );
-  if( unlikely(szHdr<3 || (int)szHdr>m.n) ){
+  testcase( szHdr>0x7fffffff );
+  assert( m.n>=0 );
+  if( unlikely(szHdr<3 || szHdr>(unsigned)m.n) ){
     goto idx_rowid_corruption;
   }
 
   /* The last field of the index should be an integer - the ROWID.
   ** Verify that the last entry really is an integer. */
-  (void)getVarint32((u8*)&m.z[szHdr-1], typeRowid);
+  getVarint32NR((u8*)&m.z[szHdr-1], typeRowid);
   testcase( typeRowid==1 );
   testcase( typeRowid==2 );
   testcase( typeRowid==3 );
@@ -80150,7 +82963,7 @@ idx_rowid_corruption:
 **
 ** pUnpacked is either created without a rowid or is truncated so that it
 ** omits the rowid at the end.  The rowid at the end of the index entry
-** is ignored as well.  Hence, this routine only compares the prefixes 
+** is ignored as well.  Hence, this routine only compares the prefixes
 ** of the keys prior to the final rowid, not the entire key.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(
@@ -80175,7 +82988,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(
     return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
   }
   sqlite3VdbeMemInit(&m, db, 0);
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(pCur, 0, (u32)nCellKey, &m);
+  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtreeZeroOffset(pCur, (u32)nCellKey, &m);
   if( rc ){
     return rc;
   }
@@ -80186,7 +82999,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(
 
 /*
 ** This routine sets the value to be returned by subsequent calls to
-** sqlite3_changes() on the database handle 'db'. 
+** sqlite3_changes() on the database handle 'db'.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *db, int nChange){
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
@@ -80243,7 +83056,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3VdbePrepareFlags(Vdbe *v){
 
 /*
 ** Return a pointer to an sqlite3_value structure containing the value bound
-** parameter iVar of VM v. Except, if the value is an SQL NULL, return 
+** parameter iVar of VM v. Except, if the value is an SQL NULL, return
 ** 0 instead. Unless it is NULL, apply affinity aff (one of the SQLITE_AFF_*
 ** constants) to the value before returning it.
 **
@@ -80291,13 +83104,25 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(Vdbe *v, int iVar){
 ** features such as 'now'.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3NotPureFunc(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+  const VdbeOp *pOp;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   if( pCtx->pVdbe==0 ) return 1;
 #endif
-  if( pCtx->pVdbe->aOp[pCtx->iOp].opcode==OP_PureFunc ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, 
-       "non-deterministic function in index expression or CHECK constraint",
-       -1);
+  pOp = pCtx->pVdbe->aOp + pCtx->iOp;
+  if( pOp->opcode==OP_PureFunc ){
+    const char *zContext;
+    char *zMsg;
+    if( pOp->p5 & NC_IsCheck ){
+      zContext = "a CHECK constraint";
+    }else if( pOp->p5 & NC_GenCol ){
+      zContext = "a generated column";
+    }else{
+      zContext = "an index";
+    }
+    zMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("non-deterministic use of %s() in %s",
+                           pCtx->pFunc->zName, zContext);
+    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zMsg, -1);
+    sqlite3_free(zMsg);
     return 0;
   }
   return 1;
@@ -80323,7 +83148,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe *p, sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
 
 /*
-** If the second argument is not NULL, release any allocations associated 
+** If the second argument is not NULL, release any allocations associated
 ** with the memory cells in the p->aMem[] array. Also free the UnpackedRecord
 ** structure itself, using sqlite3DbFree().
 **
@@ -80377,7 +83202,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbePreUpdateHook(
     }
   }
 
-  assert( pCsr->nField==pTab->nCol 
+  assert( pCsr->nField==pTab->nCol
        || (pCsr->nField==pTab->nCol+1 && op==SQLITE_DELETE && iReg==-1)
   );
 
@@ -80388,7 +83213,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbePreUpdateHook(
   preupdate.keyinfo.db = db;
   preupdate.keyinfo.enc = ENC(db);
   preupdate.keyinfo.nKeyField = pTab->nCol;
-  preupdate.keyinfo.aSortOrder = (u8*)&fakeSortOrder;
+  preupdate.keyinfo.aSortFlags = (u8*)&fakeSortOrder;
   preupdate.iKey1 = iKey1;
   preupdate.iKey2 = iKey2;
   preupdate.pTab = pTab;
@@ -80475,16 +83300,18 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void invokeProfileCallback(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
   sqlite3_int64 iNow;
   sqlite3_int64 iElapse;
   assert( p->startTime>0 );
-  assert( db->xProfile!=0 || (db->mTrace & SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE)!=0 );
+  assert( (db->mTrace & (SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE|SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE))!=0 );
   assert( db->init.busy==0 );
   assert( p->zSql!=0 );
   sqlite3OsCurrentTimeInt64(db->pVfs, &iNow);
   iElapse = (iNow - p->startTime)*1000000;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
   if( db->xProfile ){
     db->xProfile(db->pProfileArg, p->zSql, iElapse);
   }
+#endif
   if( db->mTrace & SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE ){
-    db->xTrace(SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE, db->pTraceArg, p, (void*)&iElapse);
+    db->trace.xV2(SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE, db->pTraceArg, p, (void*)&iElapse);
   }
   p->startTime = 0;
 }
@@ -80645,39 +83472,86 @@ SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value *pVal){
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value* pVal){
   static const u8 aType[] = {
-     SQLITE_BLOB,     /* 0x00 */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x01 */
-     SQLITE_TEXT,     /* 0x02 */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x03 */
-     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x04 */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x05 */
-     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x06 */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x07 */
-     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x08 */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x09 */
-     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x0a */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x0b */
-     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x0c */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x0d */
-     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x0e */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x0f */
-     SQLITE_BLOB,     /* 0x10 */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x11 */
-     SQLITE_TEXT,     /* 0x12 */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x13 */
-     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x14 */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x15 */
-     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x16 */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x17 */
-     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x18 */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x19 */
-     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x1a */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x1b */
-     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x1c */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x1d */
-     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x1e */
-     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x1f */
+     SQLITE_BLOB,     /* 0x00 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x01 NULL */
+     SQLITE_TEXT,     /* 0x02 TEXT */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x03 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x04 INTEGER */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x05 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x06 INTEGER + TEXT */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x07 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x08 FLOAT */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x09 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x0a FLOAT + TEXT */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x0b (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x0c (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x0d (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x0e (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x0f (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_BLOB,     /* 0x10 BLOB */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x11 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_TEXT,     /* 0x12 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x13 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x14 INTEGER + BLOB */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x15 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x16 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x17 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x18 FLOAT + BLOB */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x19 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x1a (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x1b (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x1c (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x1d (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_INTEGER,  /* 0x1e (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x1f (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x20 INTREAL */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x21 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_TEXT,     /* 0x22 INTREAL + TEXT */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x23 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x24 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x25 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x26 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x27 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x28 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x29 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x2a (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x2b (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x2c (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x2d (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x2e (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x2f (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_BLOB,     /* 0x30 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x31 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_TEXT,     /* 0x32 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x33 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x34 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x35 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x36 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x37 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x38 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x39 (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x3a (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x3b (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x3c (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x3d (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_FLOAT,    /* 0x3e (not possible) */
+     SQLITE_NULL,     /* 0x3f (not possible) */
   };
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  {
+    int eType = SQLITE_BLOB;
+    if( pVal->flags & MEM_Null ){
+      eType = SQLITE_NULL;
+    }else if( pVal->flags & (MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal) ){
+      eType = SQLITE_FLOAT;
+    }else if( pVal->flags & MEM_Int ){
+      eType = SQLITE_INTEGER;
+    }else if( pVal->flags & MEM_Str ){
+      eType = SQLITE_TEXT;
+    }
+    assert( eType == aType[pVal->flags&MEM_AffMask] );
+  }
+#endif
   return aType[pVal->flags&MEM_AffMask];
 }
 
@@ -80686,6 +83560,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value *pVal){
   return (pVal->flags&(MEM_Null|MEM_Zero))==(MEM_Null|MEM_Zero);
 }
 
+/* Return true if a parameter value originated from an sqlite3_bind() */
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value *pVal){
+  return (pVal->flags&MEM_FromBind)!=0;
+}
+
 /* Make a copy of an sqlite3_value object
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value *pOrig){
@@ -80714,7 +83593,7 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value *pOrig){
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value *pOld){
   sqlite3ValueFree(pOld);
 }
-  
+
 
 /**************************** sqlite3_result_  *******************************
 ** The following routines are used by user-defined functions to specify
@@ -80755,9 +83634,9 @@ static int invokeValueDestructor(
   return SQLITE_TOOBIG;
 }
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  const void *z, 
-  int n, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  const void *z,
+  int n,
   void (*xDel)(void *)
 ){
   assert( n>=0 );
@@ -80765,8 +83644,8 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(
   setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n, 0, xDel);
 }
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob64(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  const void *z, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  const void *z,
   sqlite3_uint64 n,
   void (*xDel)(void *)
 ){
@@ -80825,8 +83704,8 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context *pCtx, unsigned int eSubt
   pOut->flags |= MEM_Subtype;
 }
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  const char *z, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  const char *z,
   int n,
   void (*xDel)(void *)
 ){
@@ -80834,8 +83713,8 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(
   setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n, SQLITE_UTF8, xDel);
 }
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  const char *z, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  const char *z,
   sqlite3_uint64 n,
   void (*xDel)(void *),
   unsigned char enc
@@ -80851,27 +83730,27 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(
 }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  const void *z, 
-  int n, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  const void *z,
+  int n,
   void (*xDel)(void *)
 ){
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE, xDel);
 }
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  const void *z, 
-  int n, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  const void *z,
+  int n,
   void (*xDel)(void *)
 ){
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n, SQLITE_UTF16BE, xDel);
 }
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  const void *z, 
-  int n, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  const void *z,
+  int n,
   void (*xDel)(void *)
 ){
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
@@ -80901,7 +83780,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context *pCtx, int errCode){
   if( pCtx->pVdbe ) pCtx->pVdbe->rcApp = errCode;
 #endif
   if( pCtx->pOut->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pCtx->pOut, sqlite3ErrStr(errCode), -1, 
+    sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pCtx->pOut, sqlite3ErrStr(errCode), -1,
                          SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC);
   }
 }
@@ -80910,7 +83789,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context *pCtx, int errCode){
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   pCtx->isError = SQLITE_TOOBIG;
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pCtx->pOut, "string or blob too big", -1, 
+  sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pCtx->pOut, "string or blob too big", -1,
                        SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC);
 }
 
@@ -80922,8 +83801,23 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
   sqlite3OomFault(pCtx->pOut->db);
 }
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
+/* Force the INT64 value currently stored as the result to be
+** a MEM_IntReal value.  See the SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL
+** test-control.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResultIntReal(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
+  if( pCtx->pOut->flags & MEM_Int ){
+    pCtx->pOut->flags &= ~MEM_Int;
+    pCtx->pOut->flags |= MEM_IntReal;
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+
 /*
-** This function is called after a transaction has been committed. It 
+** This function is called after a transaction has been committed. It
 ** invokes callbacks registered with sqlite3_wal_hook() as required.
 */
 static int doWalCallbacks(sqlite3 *db){
@@ -80952,7 +83846,7 @@ static int doWalCallbacks(sqlite3 *db){
 ** statement is completely executed or an error occurs.
 **
 ** This routine implements the bulk of the logic behind the sqlite_step()
-** API.  The only thing omitted is the automatic recompile if a 
+** API.  The only thing omitted is the automatic recompile if a
 ** schema change has occurred.  That detail is handled by the
 ** outer sqlite3_step() wrapper procedure.
 */
@@ -80966,15 +83860,15 @@ static int sqlite3Step(Vdbe *p){
     ** sqlite3_step() after any error or after SQLITE_DONE.  But beginning
     ** with version 3.7.0, we changed this so that sqlite3_reset() would
     ** be called automatically instead of throwing the SQLITE_MISUSE error.
-    ** This "automatic-reset" change is not technically an incompatibility, 
+    ** This "automatic-reset" change is not technically an incompatibility,
     ** since any application that receives an SQLITE_MISUSE is broken by
     ** definition.
     **
     ** Nevertheless, some published applications that were originally written
-    ** for version 3.6.23 or earlier do in fact depend on SQLITE_MISUSE 
+    ** for version 3.6.23 or earlier do in fact depend on SQLITE_MISUSE
     ** returns, and those were broken by the automatic-reset change.  As a
     ** a work-around, the SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET compile-time restores the
-    ** legacy behavior of returning SQLITE_MISUSE for cases where the 
+    ** legacy behavior of returning SQLITE_MISUSE for cases where the
     ** previous sqlite3_step() returned something other than a SQLITE_LOCKED
     ** or SQLITE_BUSY error.
     */
@@ -80996,9 +83890,16 @@ static int sqlite3Step(Vdbe *p){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
 
-  if( p->pc<=0 && p->expired ){
+  if( p->pc<0 && p->expired ){
     p->rc = SQLITE_SCHEMA;
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    if( (p->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 ){
+      /* If this statement was prepared using saved SQL and an
+      ** error has occurred, then return the error code in p->rc to the
+      ** caller. Set the error code in the database handle to the same value.
+      */
+      rc = sqlite3VdbeTransferError(p);
+    }
     goto end_of_step;
   }
   if( p->pc<0 ){
@@ -81007,15 +83908,15 @@ static int sqlite3Step(Vdbe *p){
     ** from interrupting a statement that has not yet started.
     */
     if( db->nVdbeActive==0 ){
-      db->u1.isInterrupted = 0;
+      AtomicStore(&db->u1.isInterrupted, 0);
     }
 
-    assert( db->nVdbeWrite>0 || db->autoCommit==0 
+    assert( db->nVdbeWrite>0 || db->autoCommit==0
         || (db->nDeferredCons==0 && db->nDeferredImmCons==0)
     );
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-    if( (db->xProfile || (db->mTrace & SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE)!=0)
+    if( (db->mTrace & (SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE|SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE))!=0
         && !db->init.busy && p->zSql ){
       sqlite3OsCurrentTimeInt64(db->pVfs, &p->startTime);
     }else{
@@ -81042,45 +83943,39 @@ static int sqlite3Step(Vdbe *p){
     db->nVdbeExec--;
   }
 
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-  /* If the statement completed successfully, invoke the profile callback */
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ) checkProfileCallback(db, p);
+    /* If the statement completed successfully, invoke the profile callback */
+    checkProfileCallback(db, p);
 #endif
 
-  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE && db->autoCommit ){
-    assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK );
-    p->rc = doWalCallbacks(db);
-    if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    if( rc==SQLITE_DONE && db->autoCommit ){
+      assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK );
+      p->rc = doWalCallbacks(db);
+      if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }
+    }else if( rc!=SQLITE_DONE && (p->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 ){
+      /* If this statement was prepared using saved SQL and an
+      ** error has occurred, then return the error code in p->rc to the
+      ** caller. Set the error code in the database handle to the same value.
+      */
+      rc = sqlite3VdbeTransferError(p);
     }
   }
 
   db->errCode = rc;
   if( SQLITE_NOMEM==sqlite3ApiExit(p->db, p->rc) ){
     p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+    if( (p->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 ) rc = p->rc;
   }
 end_of_step:
-  /* At this point local variable rc holds the value that should be 
-  ** returned if this statement was compiled using the legacy 
-  ** sqlite3_prepare() interface. According to the docs, this can only
-  ** be one of the values in the first assert() below. Variable p->rc 
-  ** contains the value that would be returned if sqlite3_finalize() 
-  ** were called on statement p.
-  */
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_ROW  || rc==SQLITE_DONE   || rc==SQLITE_ERROR 
+  /* There are only a limited number of result codes allowed from the
+  ** statements prepared using the legacy sqlite3_prepare() interface */
+  assert( (p->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0
+       || rc==SQLITE_ROW  || rc==SQLITE_DONE   || rc==SQLITE_ERROR
        || (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_MISUSE
   );
-  assert( (p->rc!=SQLITE_ROW && p->rc!=SQLITE_DONE) || p->rc==p->rcApp );
-  if( (p->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 
-   && rc!=SQLITE_ROW 
-   && rc!=SQLITE_DONE 
-  ){
-    /* If this statement was prepared using saved SQL and an 
-    ** error has occurred, then return the error code in p->rc to the
-    ** caller. Set the error code in the database handle to the same value.
-    */ 
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeTransferError(p);
-  }
   return (rc&db->errMask);
 }
 
@@ -81106,15 +84001,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
     int savedPc = v->pc;
     rc = sqlite3Reprepare(v);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      /* This case occurs after failing to recompile an sql statement. 
-      ** The error message from the SQL compiler has already been loaded 
-      ** into the database handle. This block copies the error message 
+      /* This case occurs after failing to recompile an sql statement.
+      ** The error message from the SQL compiler has already been loaded
+      ** into the database handle. This block copies the error message
       ** from the database handle into the statement and sets the statement
-      ** program counter to 0 to ensure that when the statement is 
+      ** program counter to 0 to ensure that when the statement is
       ** finalized or reset the parser error message is available via
       ** sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errcode().
       */
-      const char *zErr = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(db->pErr); 
+      const char *zErr = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(db->pErr);
       sqlite3DbFree(db, v->zErrMsg);
       if( !db->mallocFailed ){
         v->zErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zErr);
@@ -81186,7 +84081,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context *p){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context *p){
   int rc;
-#ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   sqlite3_int64 *piTime = &p->pVdbe->iCurrentTime;
   assert( p->pVdbe!=0 );
 #else
@@ -81251,7 +84146,7 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context *pCtx, int iArg){
   AuxData *pAuxData;
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   if( pCtx->pVdbe==0 ) return 0;
 #else
   assert( pCtx->pVdbe!=0 );
@@ -81276,16 +84171,16 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context *pCtx, int iArg){
 ** access code.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  int iArg, 
-  void *pAux, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int iArg,
+  void *pAux,
   void (*xDelete)(void*)
 ){
   AuxData *pAuxData;
   Vdbe *pVdbe = pCtx->pVdbe;
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   if( pVdbe==0 ) goto failed;
 #else
   assert( pVdbe!=0 );
@@ -81320,7 +84215,7 @@ failed:
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
 /*
-** Return the number of times the Step function of an aggregate has been 
+** Return the number of times the Step function of an aggregate has been
 ** called.
 **
 ** This function is deprecated.  Do not use it for new code.  It is
@@ -81365,9 +84260,9 @@ static const Mem *columnNullValue(void){
   ** these assert()s from failing, when building with SQLITE_DEBUG defined
   ** using gcc, we force nullMem to be 8-byte aligned using the magical
   ** __attribute__((aligned(8))) macro.  */
-  static const Mem nullMem 
+  static const Mem nullMem
 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && defined(__GNUC__)
-    __attribute__((aligned(8))) 
+    __attribute__((aligned(8)))
 #endif
     = {
         /* .u          = */ {0},
@@ -81413,9 +84308,9 @@ static Mem *columnMem(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is called after invoking an sqlite3_value_XXX function on a 
+** This function is called after invoking an sqlite3_value_XXX function on a
 ** column value (i.e. a value returned by evaluating an SQL expression in the
-** select list of a SELECT statement) that may cause a malloc() failure. If 
+** select list of a SELECT statement) that may cause a malloc() failure. If
 ** malloc() has failed, the threads mallocFailed flag is cleared and the result
 ** code of statement pStmt set to SQLITE_NOMEM.
 **
@@ -81454,8 +84349,8 @@ SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
   const void *val;
   val = sqlite3_value_blob( columnMem(pStmt,i) );
   /* Even though there is no encoding conversion, value_blob() might
-  ** need to call malloc() to expand the result of a zeroblob() 
-  ** expression. 
+  ** need to call malloc() to expand the result of a zeroblob()
+  ** expression.
   */
   columnMallocFailure(pStmt);
   return val;
@@ -81529,10 +84424,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
 ** or a constant) then useTypes 2, 3, and 4 return NULL.
 */
 static const void *columnName(
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,
-  int N,
-  const void *(*xFunc)(Mem*),
-  int useType
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,     /* The statement */
+  int N,                   /* Which column to get the name for */
+  int useUtf16,            /* True to return the name as UTF16 */
+  int useType              /* What type of name */
 ){
   const void *ret;
   Vdbe *p;
@@ -81553,8 +84448,15 @@ static const void *columnName(
     N += useType*n;
     sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
     assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
-    ret = xFunc(&p->aColName[N]);
-     /* A malloc may have failed inside of the xFunc() call. If this
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
+    if( useUtf16 ){
+      ret = sqlite3_value_text16((sqlite3_value*)&p->aColName[N]);
+    }else
+#endif
+    {
+      ret = sqlite3_value_text((sqlite3_value*)&p->aColName[N]);
+    }
+    /* A malloc may have failed inside of the _text() call. If this
     ** is the case, clear the mallocFailed flag and return NULL.
     */
     if( db->mallocFailed ){
@@ -81571,13 +84473,11 @@ static const void *columnName(
 ** statement pStmt.
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text, COLNAME_NAME);
+  return columnName(pStmt, N, 0, COLNAME_NAME);
 }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text16, COLNAME_NAME);
+  return columnName(pStmt, N, 1, COLNAME_NAME);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -81596,13 +84496,11 @@ SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
 ** of the result set of SQL statement pStmt.
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text, COLNAME_DECLTYPE);
+  return columnName(pStmt, N, 0, COLNAME_DECLTYPE);
 }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text16, COLNAME_DECLTYPE);
+  return columnName(pStmt, N, 1, COLNAME_DECLTYPE);
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE */
@@ -81614,13 +84512,11 @@ SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
 ** anything else which is not an unambiguous reference to a database column.
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text, COLNAME_DATABASE);
+  return columnName(pStmt, N, 0, COLNAME_DATABASE);
 }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text16, COLNAME_DATABASE);
+  return columnName(pStmt, N, 1, COLNAME_DATABASE);
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
 
@@ -81630,13 +84526,11 @@ SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N
 ** anything else which is not an unambiguous reference to a database column.
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text, COLNAME_TABLE);
+  return columnName(pStmt, N, 0, COLNAME_TABLE);
 }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text16, COLNAME_TABLE);
+  return columnName(pStmt, N, 1, COLNAME_TABLE);
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
 
@@ -81646,24 +84540,22 @@ SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
 ** anything else which is not an unambiguous reference to a database column.
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text, COLNAME_COLUMN);
+  return columnName(pStmt, N, 0, COLNAME_COLUMN);
 }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int N){
-  return columnName(
-      pStmt, N, (const void*(*)(Mem*))sqlite3_value_text16, COLNAME_COLUMN);
+  return columnName(pStmt, N, 1, COLNAME_COLUMN);
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA */
 
 
 /******************************* sqlite3_bind_  ***************************
-** 
+**
 ** Routines used to attach values to wildcards in a compiled SQL statement.
 */
 /*
-** Unbind the value bound to variable i in virtual machine p. This is the 
+** Unbind the value bound to variable i in virtual machine p. This is the
 ** the same as binding a NULL value to the column. If the "i" parameter is
 ** out of range, then SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Othewise SQLITE_OK.
 **
@@ -81682,7 +84574,7 @@ static int vdbeUnbind(Vdbe *p, int i){
   if( p->magic!=VDBE_MAGIC_RUN || p->pc>=0 ){
     sqlite3Error(p->db, SQLITE_MISUSE);
     sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
-    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE, 
+    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE,
         "bind on a busy prepared statement: [%s]", p->zSql);
     return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
   }
@@ -81695,12 +84587,12 @@ static int vdbeUnbind(Vdbe *p, int i){
   pVar = &p->aVar[i];
   sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pVar);
   pVar->flags = MEM_Null;
-  sqlite3Error(p->db, SQLITE_OK);
+  p->db->errCode = SQLITE_OK;
 
-  /* If the bit corresponding to this variable in Vdbe.expmask is set, then 
+  /* If the bit corresponding to this variable in Vdbe.expmask is set, then
   ** binding a new value to this variable invalidates the current query plan.
   **
-  ** IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-48440-37595 If the specific value bound to host
+  ** IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-57496-20354 If the specific value bound to a host
   ** parameter in the WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan
   ** for a statement, then the statement will be automatically recompiled,
   ** as if there had been a schema change, on the first sqlite3_step() call
@@ -81753,10 +84645,10 @@ static int bindText(
 ** Bind a blob value to an SQL statement variable.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
-  int i, 
-  const void *zData, 
-  int nData, 
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,
+  int i,
+  const void *zData,
+  int nData,
   void (*xDel)(void*)
 ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
@@ -81765,10 +84657,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(
   return bindText(pStmt, i, zData, nData, xDel, 0);
 }
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob64(
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
-  int i, 
-  const void *zData, 
-  sqlite3_uint64 nData, 
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,
+  int i,
+  const void *zData,
+  sqlite3_uint64 nData,
   void (*xDel)(void*)
 ){
   assert( xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
@@ -81828,20 +84720,20 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_pointer(
   }
   return rc;
 }
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text( 
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
-  int i, 
-  const char *zData, 
-  int nData, 
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,
+  int i,
+  const char *zData,
+  int nData,
   void (*xDel)(void*)
 ){
   return bindText(pStmt, i, zData, nData, xDel, SQLITE_UTF8);
 }
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64( 
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
-  int i, 
-  const char *zData, 
-  sqlite3_uint64 nData, 
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,
+  int i,
+  const char *zData,
+  sqlite3_uint64 nData,
   void (*xDel)(void*),
   unsigned char enc
 ){
@@ -81855,10 +84747,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(
 }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
-  int i, 
-  const void *zData, 
-  int nData, 
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,
+  int i,
+  const void *zData,
+  int nData,
   void (*xDel)(void*)
 ){
   return bindText(pStmt, i, zData, nData, xDel, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
@@ -81922,7 +84814,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i, sqlite3_uint6
 
 /*
 ** Return the number of wildcards that can be potentially bound to.
-** This routine is added to support DBD::SQLite.  
+** This routine is added to support DBD::SQLite.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
   Vdbe *p = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
@@ -82020,6 +84912,14 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
   return pStmt ? ((Vdbe*)pStmt)->readOnly : 1;
 }
 
+/*
+** Return 1 if the statement is an EXPLAIN and return 2 if the
+** statement is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
+  return pStmt ? ((Vdbe*)pStmt)->explain : 0;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Return true if the prepared statement is in need of being reset.
 */
@@ -82059,7 +84959,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int op, int resetFlag){
   Vdbe *pVdbe = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
   u32 v;
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
-  if( !pStmt 
+  if( !pStmt
    || (op!=SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED && (op<0||op>=ArraySize(pVdbe->aCounter)))
   ){
     (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
@@ -82115,6 +85015,22 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
 #endif
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
+/*
+** Return the normalized SQL associated with a prepared statement.
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
+  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
+  if( p==0 ) return 0;
+  if( p->zNormSql==0 && ALWAYS(p->zSql!=0) ){
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->db->mutex);
+    p->zNormSql = sqlite3Normalize(p, p->zSql);
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
+  }
+  return p->zNormSql;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE */
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
 /*
 ** Allocate and populate an UnpackedRecord structure based on the serialized
@@ -82122,8 +85038,8 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
 ** if successful, or a NULL pointer if an OOM error is encountered.
 */
 static UnpackedRecord *vdbeUnpackRecord(
-  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo, 
-  int nKey, 
+  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,
+  int nKey,
   const void *pKey
 ){
   UnpackedRecord *pRet;           /* Return value */
@@ -82152,7 +85068,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *db, int iIdx, sqlite3_value **ppVa
     goto preupdate_old_out;
   }
   if( p->pPk ){
-    iIdx = sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(p->pPk, iIdx);
+    iIdx = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(p->pPk, iIdx);
   }
   if( iIdx>=p->pCsr->nField || iIdx<0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_RANGE;
@@ -82185,7 +85101,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *db, int iIdx, sqlite3_value **ppVa
   }else if( iIdx>=p->pUnpacked->nField ){
     *ppValue = (sqlite3_value *)columnNullValue();
   }else if( p->pTab->aCol[iIdx].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
-    if( pMem->flags & MEM_Int ){
+    if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
+      testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Int );
+      testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_IntReal );
       sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pMem);
     }
   }
@@ -82213,7 +85131,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *db){
 ** only. It returns zero if the change that caused the callback was made
 ** immediately by a user SQL statement. Or, if the change was made by a
 ** trigger program, it returns the number of trigger programs currently
-** on the stack (1 for a top-level trigger, 2 for a trigger fired by a 
+** on the stack (1 for a top-level trigger, 2 for a trigger fired by a
 ** top-level trigger etc.).
 **
 ** For the purposes of the previous paragraph, a foreign key CASCADE, SET NULL
@@ -82240,7 +85158,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *db, int iIdx, sqlite3_value **ppVa
     goto preupdate_new_out;
   }
   if( p->pPk && p->op!=SQLITE_UPDATE ){
-    iIdx = sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(p->pPk, iIdx);
+    iIdx = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(p->pPk, iIdx);
   }
   if( iIdx>=p->pCsr->nField || iIdx<0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_RANGE;
@@ -82422,8 +85340,8 @@ static int findNextHostParameter(const char *zSql, int *pnToken){
 /*
 ** This function returns a pointer to a nul-terminated string in memory
 ** obtained from sqlite3DbMalloc(). If sqlite3.nVdbeExec is 1, then the
-** string contains a copy of zRawSql but with host parameters expanded to 
-** their current bindings. Or, if sqlite3.nVdbeExec is greater than 1, 
+** string contains a copy of zRawSql but with host parameters expanded to
+** their current bindings. Or, if sqlite3.nVdbeExec is greater than 1,
 ** then the returned string holds a copy of zRawSql with "-- " prepended
 ** to each line of text.
 **
@@ -82461,7 +85379,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3VdbeExpandSql(
   char zBase[100];         /* Initial working space */
 
   db = p->db;
-  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&out, 0, zBase, sizeof(zBase), 
+  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&out, 0, zBase, sizeof(zBase),
                       db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]);
   if( db->nVdbeExec>1 ){
     while( *zRawSql ){
@@ -82504,7 +85422,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3VdbeExpandSql(
       pVar = &p->aVar[idx-1];
       if( pVar->flags & MEM_Null ){
         sqlite3_str_append(&out, "NULL", 4);
-      }else if( pVar->flags & MEM_Int ){
+      }else if( pVar->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
         sqlite3_str_appendf(&out, "%lld", pVar->u.i);
       }else if( pVar->flags & MEM_Real ){
         sqlite3_str_appendf(&out, "%!.15g", pVar->u.r);
@@ -82529,7 +85447,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3VdbeExpandSql(
           nOut = SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT;
           while( nOut<pVar->n && (pVar->z[nOut]&0xc0)==0x80 ){ nOut++; }
         }
-#endif    
+#endif
         sqlite3_str_appendf(&out, "'%.*q'", nOut, pVar->z);
 #ifdef SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT
         if( nOut<pVar->n ){
@@ -82688,17 +85606,45 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_found_count = 0;
 # define UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(P)
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+/* This routine provides a convenient place to set a breakpoint during
+** tracing with PRAGMA vdbe_trace=on.  The breakpoint fires right after
+** each opcode is printed.  Variables "pc" (program counter) and pOp are
+** available to add conditionals to the breakpoint.  GDB example:
+**
+**         break test_trace_breakpoint if pc=22
+**
+** Other useful labels for breakpoints include:
+**   test_addop_breakpoint(pc,pOp)
+**   sqlite3CorruptError(lineno)
+**   sqlite3MisuseError(lineno)
+**   sqlite3CantopenError(lineno)
+*/
+static void test_trace_breakpoint(int pc, Op *pOp, Vdbe *v){
+  static int n = 0;
+  n++;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Invoke the VDBE coverage callback, if that callback is defined.  This
 ** feature is used for test suite validation only and does not appear an
 ** production builds.
 **
-** M is an integer between 2 and 4.  2 indicates a ordinary two-way
-** branch (I=0 means fall through and I=1 means taken).  3 indicates
-** a 3-way branch where the third way is when one of the operands is
-** NULL.  4 indicates the OP_Jump instruction which has three destinations
-** depending on whether the first operand is less than, equal to, or greater
-** than the second. 
+** M is the type of branch.  I is the direction taken for this instance of
+** the branch.
+**
+**   M: 2 - two-way branch (I=0: fall-thru   1: jump                )
+**      3 - two-way + NULL (I=0: fall-thru   1: jump      2: NULL   )
+**      4 - OP_Jump        (I=0: jump p1     1: jump p2   2: jump p3)
+**
+** In other words, if M is 2, then I is either 0 (for fall-through) or
+** 1 (for when the branch is taken).  If M is 3, the I is 0 for an
+** ordinary fall-through, I is 1 if the branch was taken, and I is 2
+** if the result of comparison is NULL.  For M=3, I=2 the jump may or
+** may not be taken, depending on the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL flags in p5.
+** When M is 4, that means that an OP_Jump is being run.  I is 0, 1, or 2
+** depending on if the operands are less than, equal, or greater than.
 **
 ** iSrcLine is the source code line (from the __LINE__ macro) that
 ** generated the VDBE instruction combined with flag bits.  The source
@@ -82709,9 +85655,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_found_count = 0;
 ** alternate branch are never taken.  If a branch is never taken then
 ** flags should be 0x06 since only the fall-through approach is allowed.
 **
-** Bit 0x04 of the flags indicates an OP_Jump opcode that is only
+** Bit 0x08 of the flags indicates an OP_Jump opcode that is only
 ** interested in equal or not-equal.  In other words, I==0 and I==2
-** should be treated the same.
+** should be treated as equivalent
 **
 ** Since only a line number is retained, not the filename, this macro
 ** only works for amalgamation builds.  But that is ok, since these macros
@@ -82735,6 +85681,18 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_found_count = 0;
     mNever = iSrcLine >> 24;
     assert( (I & mNever)==0 );
     if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xVdbeBranch==0 ) return;  /*NO_TEST*/
+    /* Invoke the branch coverage callback with three arguments:
+    **    iSrcLine - the line number of the VdbeCoverage() macro, with
+    **               flags removed.
+    **    I        - Mask of bits 0x07 indicating which cases are are
+    **               fulfilled by this instance of the jump.  0x01 means
+    **               fall-thru, 0x02 means taken, 0x04 means NULL.  Any
+    **               impossible cases (ex: if the comparison is never NULL)
+    **               are filled in automatically so that the coverage
+    **               measurement logic does not flag those impossible cases
+    **               as missed coverage.
+    **    M        - Type of jump.  Same as M argument above
+    */
     I |= mNever;
     if( M==2 ) I |= 0x04;
     if( M==4 ){
@@ -82746,14 +85704,6 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_found_count = 0;
   }
 #endif
 
-/*
-** Convert the given register into a string if it isn't one
-** already. Return non-zero if a malloc() fails.
-*/
-#define Stringify(P, enc) \
-   if(((P)->flags&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 && sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(P,enc,0)) \
-     { goto no_mem; }
-
 /*
 ** An ephemeral string value (signified by the MEM_Ephem flag) contains
 ** a pointer to a dynamically allocated string where some other entity
@@ -82784,7 +85734,7 @@ static VdbeCursor *allocateCursor(
   u8 eCurType           /* Type of the new cursor */
 ){
   /* Find the memory cell that will be used to store the blob of memory
-  ** required for this VdbeCursor structure. It is convenient to use a 
+  ** required for this VdbeCursor structure. It is convenient to use a
   ** vdbe memory cell to manage the memory allocation required for a
   ** VdbeCursor structure for the following reasons:
   **
@@ -82805,12 +85755,17 @@ static VdbeCursor *allocateCursor(
 
   int nByte;
   VdbeCursor *pCx = 0;
-  nByte = 
-      ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeCursor)) + 2*sizeof(u32)*nField + 
+  nByte =
+      ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeCursor)) + 2*sizeof(u32)*nField +
       (eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE?sqlite3BtreeCursorSize():0);
 
   assert( iCur>=0 && iCur<p->nCursor );
   if( p->apCsr[iCur] ){ /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
+    /* Before calling sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(), ensure the isEphemeral flag
+    ** is clear. Otherwise, if this is an ephemeral cursor created by
+    ** OP_OpenDup, the cursor will not be closed and will still be part
+    ** of a BtShared.pCursor list.  */
+    if( p->apCsr[iCur]->pBtx==0 ) p->apCsr[iCur]->isEphemeral = 0;
     sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p, p->apCsr[iCur]);
     p->apCsr[iCur] = 0;
   }
@@ -82830,6 +85785,21 @@ static VdbeCursor *allocateCursor(
   return pCx;
 }
 
+/*
+** The string in pRec is known to look like an integer and to have a
+** floating point value of rValue.  Return true and set *piValue to the
+** integer value if the string is in range to be an integer.  Otherwise,
+** return false.
+*/
+static int alsoAnInt(Mem *pRec, double rValue, i64 *piValue){
+  i64 iValue = (double)rValue;
+  if( sqlite3RealSameAsInt(rValue,iValue) ){
+    *piValue = iValue;
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0==sqlite3Atoi64(pRec->z, piValue, pRec->n, pRec->enc);
+}
+
 /*
 ** Try to convert a value into a numeric representation if we can
 ** do so without loss of information.  In other words, if the string
@@ -82847,12 +85817,12 @@ static VdbeCursor *allocateCursor(
 */
 static void applyNumericAffinity(Mem *pRec, int bTryForInt){
   double rValue;
-  i64 iValue;
   u8 enc = pRec->enc;
-  assert( (pRec->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==MEM_Str );
-  if( sqlite3AtoF(pRec->z, &rValue, pRec->n, enc)==0 ) return;
-  if( 0==sqlite3Atoi64(pRec->z, &iValue, pRec->n, enc) ){
-    pRec->u.i = iValue;
+  int rc;
+  assert( (pRec->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))==MEM_Str );
+  rc = sqlite3AtoF(pRec->z, &rValue, pRec->n, enc);
+  if( rc<=0 ) return;
+  if( rc==1 && alsoAnInt(pRec, rValue, &pRec->u.i) ){
     pRec->flags |= MEM_Int;
   }else{
     pRec->u.r = rValue;
@@ -82872,7 +85842,7 @@ static void applyNumericAffinity(Mem *pRec, int bTryForInt){
 ** SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER:
 ** SQLITE_AFF_REAL:
 ** SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC:
-**    Try to convert pRec to an integer representation or a 
+**    Try to convert pRec to an integer representation or a
 **    floating-point representation if an integer representation
 **    is not possible.  Note that the integer representation is
 **    always preferred, even if the affinity is REAL, because
@@ -82882,6 +85852,7 @@ static void applyNumericAffinity(Mem *pRec, int bTryForInt){
 **    Convert pRec to a text representation.
 **
 ** SQLITE_AFF_BLOB:
+** SQLITE_AFF_NONE:
 **    No-op.  pRec is unchanged.
 */
 static void applyAffinity(
@@ -82902,15 +85873,18 @@ static void applyAffinity(
   }else if( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
     /* Only attempt the conversion to TEXT if there is an integer or real
     ** representation (blob and NULL do not get converted) but no string
-    ** representation.  It would be harmless to repeat the conversion if 
+    ** representation.  It would be harmless to repeat the conversion if
     ** there is already a string rep, but it is pointless to waste those
     ** CPU cycles. */
     if( 0==(pRec->flags&MEM_Str) ){ /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
-      if( (pRec->flags&(MEM_Real|MEM_Int)) ){
+      if( (pRec->flags&(MEM_Real|MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal)) ){
+        testcase( pRec->flags & MEM_Int );
+        testcase( pRec->flags & MEM_Real );
+        testcase( pRec->flags & MEM_IntReal );
         sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pRec, enc, 1);
       }
     }
-    pRec->flags &= ~(MEM_Real|MEM_Int);
+    pRec->flags &= ~(MEM_Real|MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal);
   }
 }
 
@@ -82931,12 +85905,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value *pVal){
 }
 
 /*
-** Exported version of applyAffinity(). This one works on sqlite3_value*, 
+** Exported version of applyAffinity(). This one works on sqlite3_value*,
 ** not the internal Mem* type.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(
-  sqlite3_value *pVal, 
-  u8 affinity, 
+  sqlite3_value *pVal,
+  u8 affinity,
   u8 enc
 ){
   applyAffinity((Mem *)pVal, affinity, enc);
@@ -82949,12 +85923,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(
 ** accordingly.
 */
 static u16 SQLITE_NOINLINE computeNumericType(Mem *pMem){
-  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==0 );
+  int rc;
+  sqlite3_int64 ix;
+  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))==0 );
   assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))!=0 );
-  if( sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &pMem->u.r, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==0 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if( sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==0 ){
+  ExpandBlob(pMem);
+  rc = sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &pMem->u.r, pMem->n, pMem->enc);
+  if( rc<=0 ){
+    if( rc==0 && sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &ix, pMem->n, pMem->enc)<=1 ){
+      pMem->u.i = ix;
+      return MEM_Int;
+    }else{
+      return MEM_Real;
+    }
+  }else if( rc==1 && sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &ix, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==0 ){
+    pMem->u.i = ix;
     return MEM_Int;
   }
   return MEM_Real;
@@ -82962,16 +85945,21 @@ static u16 SQLITE_NOINLINE computeNumericType(Mem *pMem){
 
 /*
 ** Return the numeric type for pMem, either MEM_Int or MEM_Real or both or
-** none.  
+** none.
 **
 ** Unlike applyNumericAffinity(), this routine does not modify pMem->flags.
 ** But it does set pMem->u.r and pMem->u.i appropriately.
 */
 static u16 numericType(Mem *pMem){
-  if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real) ){
-    return pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real);
+  if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal) ){
+    testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Int );
+    testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Real );
+    testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_IntReal );
+    return pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal);
   }
   if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
+    testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Str );
+    testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_Blob );
     return computeNumericType(pMem);
   }
   return 0;
@@ -82982,12 +85970,9 @@ static u16 numericType(Mem *pMem){
 ** Write a nice string representation of the contents of cell pMem
 ** into buffer zBuf, length nBuf.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(Mem *pMem, char *zBuf){
-  char *zCsr = zBuf;
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(Mem *pMem, StrAccum *pStr){
   int f = pMem->flags;
-
   static const char *const encnames[] = {"(X)", "(8)", "(16LE)", "(16BE)"};
-
   if( f&MEM_Blob ){
     int i;
     char c;
@@ -83003,55 +85988,40 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(Mem *pMem, char *zBuf){
     }else{
       c = 's';
     }
-    *(zCsr++) = c;
-    sqlite3_snprintf(100, zCsr, "%d[", pMem->n);
-    zCsr += sqlite3Strlen30(zCsr);
-    for(i=0; i<16 && i<pMem->n; i++){
-      sqlite3_snprintf(100, zCsr, "%02X", ((int)pMem->z[i] & 0xFF));
-      zCsr += sqlite3Strlen30(zCsr);
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, "%cx[", c);
+    for(i=0; i<25 && i<pMem->n; i++){
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, "%02X", ((int)pMem->z[i] & 0xFF));
     }
-    for(i=0; i<16 && i<pMem->n; i++){
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, "|");
+    for(i=0; i<25 && i<pMem->n; i++){
       char z = pMem->z[i];
-      if( z<32 || z>126 ) *zCsr++ = '.';
-      else *zCsr++ = z;
+      sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, (z<32||z>126)?'.':z);
     }
-    *(zCsr++) = ']';
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr,"]");
     if( f & MEM_Zero ){
-      sqlite3_snprintf(100, zCsr,"+%dz",pMem->u.nZero);
-      zCsr += sqlite3Strlen30(zCsr);
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, "+%dz",pMem->u.nZero);
     }
-    *zCsr = '\0';
   }else if( f & MEM_Str ){
-    int j, k;
-    zBuf[0] = ' ';
+    int j;
+    u8 c;
     if( f & MEM_Dyn ){
-      zBuf[1] = 'z';
+      c = 'z';
       assert( (f & (MEM_Static|MEM_Ephem))==0 );
     }else if( f & MEM_Static ){
-      zBuf[1] = 't';
+      c = 't';
       assert( (f & (MEM_Dyn|MEM_Ephem))==0 );
     }else if( f & MEM_Ephem ){
-      zBuf[1] = 'e';
+      c = 'e';
       assert( (f & (MEM_Static|MEM_Dyn))==0 );
     }else{
-      zBuf[1] = 's';
+      c = 's';
     }
-    k = 2;
-    sqlite3_snprintf(100, &zBuf[k], "%d", pMem->n);
-    k += sqlite3Strlen30(&zBuf[k]);
-    zBuf[k++] = '[';
-    for(j=0; j<15 && j<pMem->n; j++){
-      u8 c = pMem->z[j];
-      if( c>=0x20 && c<0x7f ){
-        zBuf[k++] = c;
-      }else{
-        zBuf[k++] = '.';
-      }
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, " %c%d[", c, pMem->n);
+    for(j=0; j<25 && j<pMem->n; j++){
+      c = pMem->z[j];
+      sqlite3_str_appendchar(pStr, 1, (c>=0x20&&c<=0x7f) ? c : '.');
     }
-    zBuf[k++] = ']';
-    sqlite3_snprintf(100,&zBuf[k], encnames[pMem->enc]);
-    k += sqlite3Strlen30(&zBuf[k]);
-    zBuf[k++] = 0;
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, "]%s", encnames[pMem->enc]);
   }
 }
 #endif
@@ -83067,29 +86037,48 @@ static void memTracePrint(Mem *p){
     printf(p->flags & MEM_Zero ? " NULL-nochng" : " NULL");
   }else if( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Str))==(MEM_Int|MEM_Str) ){
     printf(" si:%lld", p->u.i);
+  }else if( (p->flags & (MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
+    printf(" ir:%lld", p->u.i);
   }else if( p->flags & MEM_Int ){
     printf(" i:%lld", p->u.i);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
   }else if( p->flags & MEM_Real ){
-    printf(" r:%g", p->u.r);
+    printf(" r:%.17g", p->u.r);
 #endif
   }else if( sqlite3VdbeMemIsRowSet(p) ){
     printf(" (rowset)");
   }else{
-    char zBuf[200];
-    sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(p, zBuf);
-    printf(" %s", zBuf);
+    StrAccum acc;
+    char zBuf[1000];
+    sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, 0, zBuf, sizeof(zBuf), 0);
+    sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(p, &acc);
+    printf(" %s", sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc));
   }
   if( p->flags & MEM_Subtype ) printf(" subtype=0x%02x", p->eSubtype);
 }
 static void registerTrace(int iReg, Mem *p){
-  printf("REG[%d] = ", iReg);
+  printf("R[%d] = ", iReg);
   memTracePrint(p);
+  if( p->pScopyFrom ){
+    printf(" <== R[%d]", (int)(p->pScopyFrom - &p[-iReg]));
+  }
   printf("\n");
   sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(p);
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+/*
+** Show the values of all registers in the virtual machine.  Used for
+** interactive debugging.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeRegisterDump(Vdbe *v){
+  int i;
+  for(i=1; i<v->nMem; i++) registerTrace(i, v->aMem+i);
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
+
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 #  define REGISTER_TRACE(R,M) if(db->flags&SQLITE_VdbeTrace)registerTrace(R,M)
 #else
@@ -83099,8 +86088,8 @@ static void registerTrace(int iReg, Mem *p){
 
 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
 
-/* 
-** hwtime.h contains inline assembler code for implementing 
+/*
+** hwtime.h contains inline assembler code for implementing
 ** high-performance timing routines.
 */
 /************** Include hwtime.h in the middle of vdbe.c *********************/
@@ -83118,7 +86107,7 @@ static void registerTrace(int iReg, Mem *p){
 ******************************************************************************
 **
 ** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
-** counters for x86 class CPUs.
+** counters for x86 and x86_64 class CPUs.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_HWTIME_H
 #define SQLITE_HWTIME_H
@@ -83129,8 +86118,9 @@ static void registerTrace(int iReg, Mem *p){
 ** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
 ** profiling.
 */
-#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
-      (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
+#if !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && \
+    (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
+    (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))
 
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
 
@@ -83151,15 +86141,15 @@ static void registerTrace(int iReg, Mem *p){
 
   #endif
 
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
+#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))
 
   __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
       unsigned long val;
       __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=A" (val));
       return val;
   }
- 
-#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))
+
+#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))
 
   __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
       unsigned long long retval;
@@ -83176,14 +86166,13 @@ static void registerTrace(int iReg, Mem *p){
 
 #else
 
-  #error Need implementation of sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform.
-
   /*
-  ** To compile without implementing sqlite3Hwtime() for your platform,
-  ** you can remove the above #error and use the following
-  ** stub function.  You will lose timing support for many
-  ** of the debugging and testing utilities, but it should at
-  ** least compile and run.
+  ** asm() is needed for hardware timing support.  Without asm(),
+  ** disable the sqlite3Hwtime() routine.
+  **
+  ** sqlite3Hwtime() is only used for some obscure debugging
+  ** and analysis configurations, not in any deliverable, so this
+  ** should not be a great loss.
   */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }
 
@@ -83200,9 +86189,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }
 /*
 ** This function is only called from within an assert() expression. It
 ** checks that the sqlite3.nTransaction variable is correctly set to
-** the number of non-transaction savepoints currently in the 
+** the number of non-transaction savepoints currently in the
 ** linked list starting at sqlite3.pSavepoint.
-** 
+**
 ** Usage:
 **
 **     assert( checkSavepointCount(db) );
@@ -83242,7 +86231,7 @@ static Mem *out2Prerelease(Vdbe *p, VdbeOp *pOp){
 
 /*
 ** Execute as much of a VDBE program as we can.
-** This is the core of sqlite3_step().  
+** This is the core of sqlite3_step().
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExec(
   Vdbe *p                    /* The VDBE */
@@ -83260,9 +86249,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExec(
   u8 resetSchemaOnFault = 0; /* Reset schema after an error if positive */
   u8 encoding = ENC(db);     /* The database encoding */
   int iCompare = 0;          /* Result of last comparison */
-  unsigned nVmStep = 0;      /* Number of virtual machine steps */
+  u64 nVmStep = 0;           /* Number of virtual machine steps */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  unsigned nProgressLimit;   /* Invoke xProgress() when nVmStep reaches this */
+  u64 nProgressLimit;        /* Invoke xProgress() when nVmStep reaches this */
 #endif
   Mem *aMem = p->aMem;       /* Copy of p->aMem */
   Mem *pIn1 = 0;             /* 1st input operand */
@@ -83276,28 +86265,30 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExec(
 
   assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN );  /* sqlite3_step() verifies this */
   sqlite3VdbeEnter(p);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
+  if( db->xProgress ){
+    u32 iPrior = p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP];
+    assert( 0 < db->nProgressOps );
+    nProgressLimit = db->nProgressOps - (iPrior % db->nProgressOps);
+  }else{
+    nProgressLimit = LARGEST_UINT64;
+  }
+#endif
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
     /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
     ** sqlite3_column_text16() failed.  */
     goto no_mem;
   }
   assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || (p->rc&0xff)==SQLITE_BUSY );
+  testcase( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK );
+  p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
   assert( p->bIsReader || p->readOnly!=0 );
   p->iCurrentTime = 0;
   assert( p->explain==0 );
   p->pResultSet = 0;
   db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
-  if( db->u1.isInterrupted ) goto abort_due_to_interrupt;
+  if( AtomicLoad(&db->u1.isInterrupted) ) goto abort_due_to_interrupt;
   sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(p);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  if( db->xProgress ){
-    u32 iPrior = p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP];
-    assert( 0 < db->nProgressOps );
-    nProgressLimit = db->nProgressOps - (iPrior % db->nProgressOps);
-  }else{
-    nProgressLimit = 0xffffffff;
-  }
-#endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
   if( p->pc==0
@@ -83344,9 +86335,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExec(
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
     if( db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){
       sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, (int)(pOp - aOp), pOp);
+      test_trace_breakpoint((int)(pOp - aOp),pOp,p);
     }
 #endif
-      
+
 
     /* Check to see if we need to simulate an interrupt.  This only happens
     ** if we have a special test build.
@@ -83400,7 +86392,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExec(
 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(VDBE_PROFILE)
     pOrigOp = pOp;
 #endif
-  
+
     switch( pOp->opcode ){
 
 /*****************************************************************************
@@ -83441,7 +86433,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExec(
 /* Opcode:  Goto * P2 * * *
 **
 ** An unconditional jump to address P2.
-** The next instruction executed will be 
+** The next instruction executed will be
 ** the one at index P2 from the beginning of
 ** the program.
 **
@@ -83451,13 +86443,27 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExec(
 ** to the current line should be indented for EXPLAIN output.
 */
 case OP_Goto: {             /* jump */
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  /* In debuggging mode, when the p5 flags is set on an OP_Goto, that
+  ** means we should really jump back to the preceeding OP_ReleaseReg
+  ** instruction. */
+  if( pOp->p5 ){
+    assert( pOp->p2 < (int)(pOp - aOp) );
+    assert( pOp->p2 > 1 );
+    pOp = &aOp[pOp->p2 - 2];
+    assert( pOp[1].opcode==OP_ReleaseReg );
+    goto check_for_interrupt;
+  }
+#endif
+
 jump_to_p2_and_check_for_interrupt:
   pOp = &aOp[pOp->p2 - 1];
 
   /* Opcodes that are used as the bottom of a loop (OP_Next, OP_Prev,
   ** OP_VNext, or OP_SorterNext) all jump here upon
   ** completion.  Check to see if sqlite3_interrupt() has been called
-  ** or if the progress callback needs to be invoked. 
+  ** or if the progress callback needs to be invoked.
   **
   ** This code uses unstructured "goto" statements and does not look clean.
   ** But that is not due to sloppy coding habits. The code is written this
@@ -83465,7 +86471,7 @@ jump_to_p2_and_check_for_interrupt:
   ** checks on every opcode.  This helps sqlite3_step() to run about 1.5%
   ** faster according to "valgrind --tool=cachegrind" */
 check_for_interrupt:
-  if( db->u1.isInterrupted ) goto abort_due_to_interrupt;
+  if( AtomicLoad(&db->u1.isInterrupted) ) goto abort_due_to_interrupt;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
   /* Call the progress callback if it is configured and the required number
   ** of VDBE ops have been executed (either since this invocation of
@@ -83473,16 +86479,17 @@ check_for_interrupt:
   ** If the progress callback returns non-zero, exit the virtual machine with
   ** a return code SQLITE_ABORT.
   */
-  if( nVmStep>=nProgressLimit && db->xProgress!=0 ){
+  while( nVmStep>=nProgressLimit && db->xProgress!=0 ){
     assert( db->nProgressOps!=0 );
-    nProgressLimit = nVmStep + db->nProgressOps - (nVmStep%db->nProgressOps);
+    nProgressLimit += db->nProgressOps;
     if( db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg) ){
+      nProgressLimit = LARGEST_UINT64;
       rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
       goto abort_due_to_error;
     }
   }
 #endif
-  
+
   break;
 }
 
@@ -83604,6 +86611,7 @@ case OP_HaltIfNull: {      /* in3 */
 #endif
   if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ) break;
   /* Fall through into OP_Halt */
+  /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
 }
 
 /* Opcode:  Halt P1 P2 * P4 P5
@@ -83617,7 +86625,7 @@ case OP_HaltIfNull: {      /* in3 */
 ** whether or not to rollback the current transaction.  Do not rollback
 ** if P2==OE_Fail. Do the rollback if P2==OE_Rollback.  If P2==OE_Abort,
 ** then back out all changes that have occurred during this execution of the
-** VDBE, but do not rollback the transaction. 
+** VDBE, but do not rollback the transaction.
 **
 ** If P4 is not null then it is an error message string.
 **
@@ -83652,7 +86660,7 @@ case OP_Halt: {
     sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(db, p->nChange);
     pcx = sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(pFrame);
     if( pOp->p2==OE_Ignore ){
-      /* Instruction pcx is the OP_Program that invoked the sub-program 
+      /* Instruction pcx is the OP_Program that invoked the sub-program
       ** currently being halted. If the p2 instruction of this OP_Halt
       ** instruction is set to OE_Ignore, then the sub-program is throwing
       ** an IGNORE exception. In this case jump to the address specified
@@ -83740,7 +86748,7 @@ case OP_Real: {            /* same as TK_FLOAT, out2 */
 /* Opcode: String8 * P2 * P4 *
 ** Synopsis: r[P2]='P4'
 **
-** P4 points to a nul terminated UTF-8 string. This opcode is transformed 
+** P4 points to a nul terminated UTF-8 string. This opcode is transformed
 ** into a String opcode before it is executed for the first time.  During
 ** this transformation, the length of string P4 is computed and stored
 ** as the P1 parameter.
@@ -83748,13 +86756,13 @@ case OP_Real: {            /* same as TK_FLOAT, out2 */
 case OP_String8: {         /* same as TK_STRING, out2 */
   assert( pOp->p4.z!=0 );
   pOut = out2Prerelease(p, pOp);
-  pOp->opcode = OP_String;
   pOp->p1 = sqlite3Strlen30(pOp->p4.z);
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
   if( encoding!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
     rc = sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pOut, pOp->p4.z, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC);
     assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_TOOBIG );
+    if( rc ) goto too_big;
     if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pOut, encoding) ) goto no_mem;
     assert( pOut->szMalloc>0 && pOut->zMalloc==pOut->z );
     assert( VdbeMemDynamic(pOut)==0 );
@@ -83767,15 +86775,16 @@ case OP_String8: {         /* same as TK_STRING, out2 */
     pOp->p4.z = pOut->z;
     pOp->p1 = pOut->n;
   }
-  testcase( rc==SQLITE_TOOBIG );
 #endif
   if( pOp->p1>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
     goto too_big;
   }
+  pOp->opcode = OP_String;
   assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
   /* Fall through to the next case, OP_String */
+  /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
 }
-  
+
 /* Opcode: String P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
 ** Synopsis: r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)
 **
@@ -83889,7 +86898,10 @@ case OP_Variable: {            /* out2 */
     goto too_big;
   }
   pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
-  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pVar, MEM_Static);
+  if( VdbeMemDynamic(pOut) ) sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
+  memcpy(pOut, pVar, MEMCELLSIZE);
+  pOut->flags &= ~(MEM_Dyn|MEM_Ephem);
+  pOut->flags |= MEM_Static|MEM_FromBind;
   UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
   break;
 }
@@ -83923,8 +86935,13 @@ case OP_Move: {
     memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
     sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pOut, pIn1);
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    if( pOut->pScopyFrom>=&aMem[p1] && pOut->pScopyFrom<pOut ){
-      pOut->pScopyFrom += pOp->p2 - p1;
+    pIn1->pScopyFrom = 0;
+    { int i;
+      for(i=1; i<p->nMem; i++){
+        if( aMem[i].pScopyFrom==pIn1 ){
+          aMem[i].pScopyFrom = pOut;
+        }
+      }
     }
 #endif
     Deephemeralize(pOut);
@@ -84022,18 +87039,6 @@ case OP_ResultRow: {
   assert( pOp->p1>0 );
   assert( pOp->p1+pOp->p2<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor)+1 );
 
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  /* Run the progress counter just before returning.
-  */
-  if( db->xProgress!=0
-   && nVmStep>=nProgressLimit 
-   && db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg)!=0
-  ){
-    rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
-    goto abort_due_to_error;
-  }
-#endif
-
   /* If this statement has violated immediate foreign key constraints, do
   ** not return the number of rows modified. And do not RELEASE the statement
   ** transaction. It needs to be rolled back.  */
@@ -84043,8 +87048,8 @@ case OP_ResultRow: {
     goto abort_due_to_error;
   }
 
-  /* If the SQLITE_CountRows flag is set in sqlite3.flags mask, then 
-  ** DML statements invoke this opcode to return the number of rows 
+  /* If the SQLITE_CountRows flag is set in sqlite3.flags mask, then
+  ** DML statements invoke this opcode to return the number of rows
   ** modified to the user. This is the only way that a VM that
   ** opens a statement transaction may invoke this opcode.
   **
@@ -84077,13 +87082,22 @@ case OP_ResultRow: {
             || (pMem[i].flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 );
     sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(&pMem[i]);
     REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1+i, &pMem[i]);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    /* The registers in the result will not be used again when the
+    ** prepared statement restarts.  This is because sqlite3_column()
+    ** APIs might have caused type conversions of made other changes to
+    ** the register values.  Therefore, we can go ahead and break any
+    ** OP_SCopy dependencies. */
+    pMem[i].pScopyFrom = 0;
+#endif
   }
   if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
 
   if( db->mTrace & SQLITE_TRACE_ROW ){
-    db->xTrace(SQLITE_TRACE_ROW, db->pTraceArg, p, 0);
+    db->trace.xV2(SQLITE_TRACE_ROW, db->pTraceArg, p, 0);
   }
 
+
   /* Return SQLITE_ROW
   */
   p->pc = (int)(pOp - aOp) + 1;
@@ -84105,33 +87119,56 @@ case OP_ResultRow: {
 ** to avoid a memcpy().
 */
 case OP_Concat: {           /* same as TK_CONCAT, in1, in2, out3 */
-  i64 nByte;
+  i64 nByte;          /* Total size of the output string or blob */
+  u16 flags1;         /* Initial flags for P1 */
+  u16 flags2;         /* Initial flags for P2 */
 
   pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
   pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
   pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
+  testcase( pOut==pIn2 );
   assert( pIn1!=pOut );
-  if( (pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags) & MEM_Null ){
+  flags1 = pIn1->flags;
+  testcase( flags1 & MEM_Null );
+  testcase( pIn2->flags & MEM_Null );
+  if( (flags1 | pIn2->flags) & MEM_Null ){
     sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
     break;
   }
-  if( ExpandBlob(pIn1) || ExpandBlob(pIn2) ) goto no_mem;
-  Stringify(pIn1, encoding);
-  Stringify(pIn2, encoding);
+  if( (flags1 & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 ){
+    if( sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pIn1,encoding,0) ) goto no_mem;
+    flags1 = pIn1->flags & ~MEM_Str;
+  }else if( (flags1 & MEM_Zero)!=0 ){
+    if( sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(pIn1) ) goto no_mem;
+    flags1 = pIn1->flags & ~MEM_Str;
+  }
+  flags2 = pIn2->flags;
+  if( (flags2 & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 ){
+    if( sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pIn2,encoding,0) ) goto no_mem;
+    flags2 = pIn2->flags & ~MEM_Str;
+  }else if( (flags2 & MEM_Zero)!=0 ){
+    if( sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(pIn2) ) goto no_mem;
+    flags2 = pIn2->flags & ~MEM_Str;
+  }
   nByte = pIn1->n + pIn2->n;
   if( nByte>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
     goto too_big;
   }
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pOut, (int)nByte+2, pOut==pIn2) ){
+  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pOut, (int)nByte+3, pOut==pIn2) ){
     goto no_mem;
   }
   MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Str);
   if( pOut!=pIn2 ){
     memcpy(pOut->z, pIn2->z, pIn2->n);
+    assert( (pIn2->flags & MEM_Dyn) == (flags2 & MEM_Dyn) );
+    pIn2->flags = flags2;
   }
   memcpy(&pOut->z[pIn2->n], pIn1->z, pIn1->n);
+  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Dyn) == (flags1 & MEM_Dyn) );
+  pIn1->flags = flags1;
   pOut->z[nByte]=0;
   pOut->z[nByte+1] = 0;
+  pOut->z[nByte+2] = 0;
   pOut->flags |= MEM_Term;
   pOut->n = (int)nByte;
   pOut->enc = encoding;
@@ -84165,15 +87202,15 @@ case OP_Concat: {           /* same as TK_CONCAT, in1, in2, out3 */
 ** Synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]/r[P1]
 **
 ** Divide the value in register P1 by the value in register P2
-** and store the result in register P3 (P3=P2/P1). If the value in 
-** register P1 is zero, then the result is NULL. If either input is 
+** and store the result in register P3 (P3=P2/P1). If the value in
+** register P1 is zero, then the result is NULL. If either input is
 ** NULL, the result is NULL.
 */
 /* Opcode: Remainder P1 P2 P3 * *
 ** Synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]%r[P1]
 **
-** Compute the remainder after integer register P2 is divided by 
-** register P1 and store the result in register P3. 
+** Compute the remainder after integer register P2 is divided by
+** register P1 and store the result in register P3.
 ** If the value in register P1 is zero the result is NULL.
 ** If either operand is NULL, the result is NULL.
 */
@@ -84182,7 +87219,6 @@ case OP_Subtract:              /* same as TK_MINUS, in1, in2, out3 */
 case OP_Multiply:              /* same as TK_STAR, in1, in2, out3 */
 case OP_Divide:                /* same as TK_SLASH, in1, in2, out3 */
 case OP_Remainder: {           /* same as TK_REM, in1, in2, out3 */
-  char bIntint;   /* Started out as two integer operands */
   u16 flags;      /* Combined MEM_* flags from both inputs */
   u16 type1;      /* Numeric type of left operand */
   u16 type2;      /* Numeric type of right operand */
@@ -84200,7 +87236,6 @@ case OP_Remainder: {           /* same as TK_REM, in1, in2, out3 */
   if( (type1 & type2 & MEM_Int)!=0 ){
     iA = pIn1->u.i;
     iB = pIn2->u.i;
-    bIntint = 1;
     switch( pOp->opcode ){
       case OP_Add:       if( sqlite3AddInt64(&iB,iA) ) goto fp_math;  break;
       case OP_Subtract:  if( sqlite3SubInt64(&iB,iA) ) goto fp_math;  break;
@@ -84223,7 +87258,6 @@ case OP_Remainder: {           /* same as TK_REM, in1, in2, out3 */
   }else if( (flags & MEM_Null)!=0 ){
     goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
   }else{
-    bIntint = 0;
 fp_math:
     rA = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn1);
     rB = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn2);
@@ -84238,8 +87272,8 @@ fp_math:
         break;
       }
       default: {
-        iA = (i64)rA;
-        iB = (i64)rB;
+        iA = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1);
+        iB = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2);
         if( iA==0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
         if( iA==-1 ) iA = 1;
         rB = (double)(iB % iA);
@@ -84255,9 +87289,6 @@ fp_math:
     }
     pOut->u.r = rB;
     MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Real);
-    if( ((type1|type2)&MEM_Real)==0 && !bIntint ){
-      sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pOut);
-    }
 #endif
   }
   break;
@@ -84374,7 +87405,7 @@ case OP_ShiftRight: {           /* same as TK_RSHIFT, in1, in2, out3 */
 
 /* Opcode: AddImm  P1 P2 * * *
 ** Synopsis: r[P1]=r[P1]+P2
-** 
+**
 ** Add the constant P2 to the value in register P1.
 ** The result is always an integer.
 **
@@ -84389,7 +87420,7 @@ case OP_AddImm: {            /* in1 */
 }
 
 /* Opcode: MustBeInt P1 P2 * * *
-** 
+**
 ** Force the value in register P1 to be an integer.  If the value
 ** in P1 is not an integer and cannot be converted into an integer
 ** without data loss, then jump immediately to P2, or if P2==0
@@ -84399,8 +87430,8 @@ case OP_MustBeInt: {            /* jump, in1 */
   pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
   if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
     applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, encoding);
-    VdbeBranchTaken((pIn1->flags&MEM_Int)==0, 2);
     if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
+      VdbeBranchTaken(1, 2);
       if( pOp->p2==0 ){
         rc = SQLITE_MISMATCH;
         goto abort_due_to_error;
@@ -84409,6 +87440,7 @@ case OP_MustBeInt: {            /* jump, in1 */
       }
     }
   }
+  VdbeBranchTaken(0, 2);
   MemSetTypeFlag(pIn1, MEM_Int);
   break;
 }
@@ -84425,8 +87457,11 @@ case OP_MustBeInt: {            /* jump, in1 */
 */
 case OP_RealAffinity: {                  /* in1 */
   pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int ){
+  if( pIn1->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
+    testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int );
+    testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_IntReal );
     sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pIn1);
+    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
   }
   break;
 }
@@ -84437,7 +87472,7 @@ case OP_RealAffinity: {                  /* in1 */
 ** Synopsis: affinity(r[P1])
 **
 ** Force the value in register P1 to be the type defined by P2.
-** 
+**
 ** <ul>
 ** <li> P2=='A' &rarr; BLOB
 ** <li> P2=='B' &rarr; TEXT
@@ -84458,9 +87493,11 @@ case OP_Cast: {                  /* in1 */
   pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
   memAboutToChange(p, pIn1);
   rc = ExpandBlob(pIn1);
-  sqlite3VdbeMemCast(pIn1, pOp->p2, encoding);
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pIn1);
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemCast(pIn1, pOp->p2, encoding);
+  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pIn1);
+  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
   break;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */
@@ -84473,14 +87510,14 @@ case OP_Cast: {                  /* in1 */
 ** store the result of comparison in register P2.
 **
 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK portion of P5 must be an affinity character -
-** SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER, and so forth. An attempt is made 
+** SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER, and so forth. An attempt is made
 ** to coerce both inputs according to this affinity before the
 ** comparison is made. If the SQLITE_AFF_MASK is 0x00, then numeric
 ** affinity is used. Note that the affinity conversions are stored
 ** back into the input registers P1 and P3.  So this opcode can cause
 ** persistent changes to registers P1 and P3.
 **
-** Once any conversions have taken place, and neither value is NULL, 
+** Once any conversions have taken place, and neither value is NULL,
 ** the values are compared. If both values are blobs then memcmp() is
 ** used to determine the results of the comparison.  If both values
 ** are text, then the appropriate collating function specified in
@@ -84519,18 +87556,18 @@ case OP_Cast: {                  /* in1 */
 ** the result of comparison (0 or 1 or NULL) into register P2.
 **
 ** If the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL bit of P5 is set and either reg(P1) or
-** reg(P3) is NULL then the take the jump.  If the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL 
+** reg(P3) is NULL then the take the jump.  If the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL
 ** bit is clear then fall through if either operand is NULL.
 **
 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK portion of P5 must be an affinity character -
-** SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER, and so forth. An attempt is made 
+** SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER, and so forth. An attempt is made
 ** to coerce both inputs according to this affinity before the
 ** comparison is made. If the SQLITE_AFF_MASK is 0x00, then numeric
 ** affinity is used. Note that the affinity conversions are stored
 ** back into the input registers P1 and P3.  So this opcode can cause
 ** persistent changes to registers P1 and P3.
 **
-** Once any conversions have taken place, and neither value is NULL, 
+** Once any conversions have taken place, and neither value is NULL,
 ** the values are compared. If both values are blobs then memcmp() is
 ** used to determine the results of the comparison.  If both values
 ** are text, then the appropriate collating function specified in
@@ -84583,15 +87620,15 @@ case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
       ** OP_Eq or OP_Ne) then take the jump or not depending on whether
       ** or not both operands are null.
       */
-      assert( pOp->opcode==OP_Eq || pOp->opcode==OP_Ne );
       assert( (flags1 & MEM_Cleared)==0 );
-      assert( (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL)==0 );
+      assert( (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL)==0 || CORRUPT_DB );
+      testcase( (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL)!=0 );
       if( (flags1&flags3&MEM_Null)!=0
        && (flags3&MEM_Cleared)==0
       ){
         res = 0;  /* Operands are equal */
       }else{
-        res = 1;  /* Operands are not equal */
+        res = ((flags3 & MEM_Null) ? -1 : +1);  /* Operands are not equal */
       }
     }else{
       /* SQLITE_NULLEQ is clear and at least one operand is NULL,
@@ -84617,17 +87654,12 @@ case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
     affinity = pOp->p5 & SQLITE_AFF_MASK;
     if( affinity>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
       if( (flags1 | flags3)&MEM_Str ){
-        if( (flags1 & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
+        if( (flags1 & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
           applyNumericAffinity(pIn1,0);
-          assert( flags3==pIn3->flags );
-          /* testcase( flags3!=pIn3->flags );
-          ** this used to be possible with pIn1==pIn3, but not since
-          ** the column cache was removed.  The following assignment
-          ** is essentially a no-op.  But, it provides defense-in-depth
-          ** in case our analysis is incorrect, so it is left in. */
+          testcase( flags3==pIn3->flags );
           flags3 = pIn3->flags;
         }
-        if( (flags3 & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
+        if( (flags3 & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
           applyNumericAffinity(pIn3,0);
         }
       }
@@ -84640,17 +87672,19 @@ case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
         goto compare_op;
       }
     }else if( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
-      if( (flags1 & MEM_Str)==0 && (flags1 & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))!=0 ){
+      if( (flags1 & MEM_Str)==0 && (flags1&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
         testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int );
         testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Real );
+        testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_IntReal );
         sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pIn1, encoding, 1);
         testcase( (flags1&MEM_Dyn) != (pIn1->flags&MEM_Dyn) );
         flags1 = (pIn1->flags & ~MEM_TypeMask) | (flags1 & MEM_TypeMask);
-        assert( pIn1!=pIn3 );
+        if( NEVER(pIn1==pIn3) ) flags3 = flags1 | MEM_Str;
       }
-      if( (flags3 & MEM_Str)==0 && (flags3 & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))!=0 ){
+      if( (flags3 & MEM_Str)==0 && (flags3&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
         testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );
         testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Real );
+        testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_IntReal );
         sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pIn3, encoding, 1);
         testcase( (flags3&MEM_Dyn) != (pIn3->flags&MEM_Dyn) );
         flags3 = (pIn3->flags & ~MEM_TypeMask) | (flags3 & MEM_TypeMask);
@@ -84680,10 +87714,10 @@ compare_op:
   }
 
   /* Undo any changes made by applyAffinity() to the input registers. */
-  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Dyn) == (flags1 & MEM_Dyn) );
-  pIn1->flags = flags1;
   assert( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Dyn) == (flags3 & MEM_Dyn) );
   pIn3->flags = flags3;
+  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Dyn) == (flags1 & MEM_Dyn) );
+  pIn1->flags = flags1;
 
   if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
     pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
@@ -84709,7 +87743,7 @@ compare_op:
     pOut->u.i = res2;
     REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
   }else{
-    VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0, (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ)?2:3);
+    VdbeBranchTaken(res2!=0, (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ)?2:3);
     if( res2 ){
       goto jump_to_p2;
     }
@@ -84719,16 +87753,31 @@ compare_op:
 
 /* Opcode: ElseNotEq * P2 * * *
 **
-** This opcode must immediately follow an OP_Lt or OP_Gt comparison operator.
-** If result of an OP_Eq comparison on the same two operands
-** would have be NULL or false (0), then then jump to P2. 
-** If the result of an OP_Eq comparison on the two previous operands
-** would have been true (1), then fall through.
+** This opcode must follow an OP_Lt or OP_Gt comparison operator.  There
+** can be zero or more OP_ReleaseReg opcodes intervening, but no other
+** opcodes are allowed to occur between this instruction and the previous
+** OP_Lt or OP_Gt.  Furthermore, the prior OP_Lt or OP_Gt must have the
+** SQLITE_STOREP2 bit set in the P5 field.
+**
+** If result of an OP_Eq comparison on the same two operands as the
+** prior OP_Lt or OP_Gt would have been NULL or false (0), then then
+** jump to P2.  If the result of an OP_Eq comparison on the two previous
+** operands would have been true (1), then fall through.
 */
 case OP_ElseNotEq: {       /* same as TK_ESCAPE, jump */
-  assert( pOp>aOp );
-  assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_Lt || pOp[-1].opcode==OP_Gt );
-  assert( pOp[-1].p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 );
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  /* Verify the preconditions of this opcode - that it follows an OP_Lt or
+  ** OP_Gt with the SQLITE_STOREP2 flag set, with zero or more intervening
+  ** OP_ReleaseReg opcodes */
+  int iAddr;
+  for(iAddr = (int)(pOp - aOp) - 1; ALWAYS(iAddr>=0); iAddr--){
+    if( aOp[iAddr].opcode==OP_ReleaseReg ) continue;
+    assert( aOp[iAddr].opcode==OP_Lt || aOp[iAddr].opcode==OP_Gt );
+    assert( aOp[iAddr].p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 );
+    break;
+  }
+#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
   VdbeBranchTaken(iCompare!=0, 2);
   if( iCompare!=0 ) goto jump_to_p2;
   break;
@@ -84741,7 +87790,7 @@ case OP_ElseNotEq: {       /* same as TK_ESCAPE, jump */
 ** instruction.  The permutation is stored in the P4 operand.
 **
 ** The permutation is only valid until the next OP_Compare that has
-** the OPFLAG_PERMUTE bit set in P5. Typically the OP_Permutation should 
+** the OPFLAG_PERMUTE bit set in P5. Typically the OP_Permutation should
 ** occur immediately prior to the OP_Compare.
 **
 ** The first integer in the P4 integer array is the length of the array
@@ -84781,10 +87830,10 @@ case OP_Compare: {
   int p1;
   int p2;
   const KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
-  int idx;
+  u32 idx;
   CollSeq *pColl;    /* Collating sequence to use on this term */
   int bRev;          /* True for DESCENDING sort order */
-  int *aPermute;     /* The permutation */
+  u32 *aPermute;     /* The permutation */
 
   if( (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_PERMUTE)==0 ){
     aPermute = 0;
@@ -84804,7 +87853,7 @@ case OP_Compare: {
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   if( aPermute ){
     int k, mx = 0;
-    for(k=0; k<n; k++) if( aPermute[k]>mx ) mx = aPermute[k];
+    for(k=0; k<n; k++) if( aPermute[k]>(u32)mx ) mx = aPermute[k];
     assert( p1>0 && p1+mx<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor)+1 );
     assert( p2>0 && p2+mx<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor)+1 );
   }else{
@@ -84813,16 +87862,21 @@ case OP_Compare: {
   }
 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
   for(i=0; i<n; i++){
-    idx = aPermute ? aPermute[i] : i;
+    idx = aPermute ? aPermute[i] : (u32)i;
     assert( memIsValid(&aMem[p1+idx]) );
     assert( memIsValid(&aMem[p2+idx]) );
     REGISTER_TRACE(p1+idx, &aMem[p1+idx]);
     REGISTER_TRACE(p2+idx, &aMem[p2+idx]);
     assert( i<pKeyInfo->nKeyField );
     pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[i];
-    bRev = pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i];
+    bRev = (pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[i] & KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC);
     iCompare = sqlite3MemCompare(&aMem[p1+idx], &aMem[p2+idx], pColl);
     if( iCompare ){
+      if( (pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[i] & KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL)
+       && ((aMem[p1+idx].flags & MEM_Null) || (aMem[p2+idx].flags & MEM_Null))
+      ){
+        iCompare = -iCompare;
+      }
       if( bRev ) iCompare = -iCompare;
       break;
     }
@@ -84898,13 +87952,13 @@ case OP_Or: {             /* same as TK_OR, in1, in2, out3 */
 ** IS NOT FALSE operators.
 **
 ** Interpret the value in register P1 as a boolean value.  Store that
-** boolean (a 0 or 1) in register P2.  Or if the value in register P1 is 
+** boolean (a 0 or 1) in register P2.  Or if the value in register P1 is
 ** NULL, then the P3 is stored in register P2.  Invert the answer if P4
 ** is 1.
 **
 ** The logic is summarized like this:
 **
-** <ul> 
+** <ul>
 ** <li> If P3==0 and P4==0  then  r[P2] := r[P1] IS TRUE
 ** <li> If P3==1 and P4==1  then  r[P2] := r[P1] IS FALSE
 ** <li> If P3==0 and P4==1  then  r[P2] := r[P1] IS NOT TRUE
@@ -84924,7 +87978,7 @@ case OP_IsTrue: {               /* in1, out2 */
 ** Synopsis: r[P2]= !r[P1]
 **
 ** Interpret the value in register P1 as a boolean value.  Store the
-** boolean complement in register P2.  If the value in register P1 is 
+** boolean complement in register P2.  If the value in register P1 is
 ** NULL, then a NULL is stored in P2.
 */
 case OP_Not: {                /* same as TK_NOT, in1, out2 */
@@ -85039,7 +88093,7 @@ case OP_IsNull: {            /* same as TK_ISNULL, jump, in1 */
 /* Opcode: NotNull P1 P2 * * *
 ** Synopsis: if r[P1]!=NULL goto P2
 **
-** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is not NULL.  
+** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is not NULL.
 */
 case OP_NotNull: {            /* same as TK_NOTNULL, jump, in1 */
   pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
@@ -85104,7 +88158,7 @@ case OP_Offset: {          /* out3 */
 ** Interpret the data that cursor P1 points to as a structure built using
 ** the MakeRecord instruction.  (See the MakeRecord opcode for additional
 ** information about the format of the data.)  Extract the P2-th column
-** from this record.  If there are less that (P2+1) 
+** from this record.  If there are less that (P2+1)
 ** values in the record, extract a NULL.
 **
 ** The value extracted is stored in register P3.
@@ -85113,18 +88167,13 @@ case OP_Offset: {          /* out3 */
 ** if the P4 argument is a P4_MEM use the value of the P4 argument as
 ** the result.
 **
-** If the OPFLAG_CLEARCACHE bit is set on P5 and P1 is a pseudo-table cursor,
-** then the cache of the cursor is reset prior to extracting the column.
-** The first OP_Column against a pseudo-table after the value of the content
-** register has changed should have this bit set.
-**
 ** If the OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG bits are set on P5 then
 ** the result is guaranteed to only be used as the argument of a length()
 ** or typeof() function, respectively.  The loading of large blobs can be
 ** skipped for length() and all content loading can be skipped for typeof().
 */
 case OP_Column: {
-  int p2;            /* column number to retrieve */
+  u32 p2;            /* column number to retrieve */
   VdbeCursor *pC;    /* The VDBE cursor */
   BtCursor *pCrsr;   /* The BTree cursor */
   u32 *aOffset;      /* aOffset[i] is offset to start of data for i-th column */
@@ -85139,11 +88188,13 @@ case OP_Column: {
   u32 t;             /* A type code from the record header */
   Mem *pReg;         /* PseudoTable input register */
 
+  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  p2 = pOp->p2;
+  assert( pC!=0 );
+  p2 = (u32)pOp->p2;
 
   /* If the cursor cache is stale (meaning it is not currently point at
-  ** the correct row) then bring it up-to-date by doing the necessary 
+  ** the correct row) then bring it up-to-date by doing the necessary
   ** B-Tree seek. */
   rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(&pC, &p2);
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
@@ -85151,9 +88202,8 @@ case OP_Column: {
   assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
   pDest = &aMem[pOp->p3];
   memAboutToChange(p, pDest);
-  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
   assert( pC!=0 );
-  assert( p2<pC->nField );
+  assert( p2<(u32)pC->nField );
   aOffset = pC->aOffset;
   assert( pC->eCurType!=CURTYPE_VTAB );
   assert( pC->eCurType!=CURTYPE_PSEUDO || pC->nullRow );
@@ -85238,19 +88288,19 @@ case OP_Column: {
   */
   if( pC->nHdrParsed<=p2 ){
     /* If there is more header available for parsing in the record, try
-    ** to extract additional fields up through the p2+1-th field 
+    ** to extract additional fields up through the p2+1-th field
     */
     if( pC->iHdrOffset<aOffset[0] ){
       /* Make sure zData points to enough of the record to cover the header. */
       if( pC->aRow==0 ){
         memset(&sMem, 0, sizeof(sMem));
-        rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(pC->uc.pCursor, 0, aOffset[0], &sMem);
+        rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtreeZeroOffset(pC->uc.pCursor,aOffset[0],&sMem);
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
         zData = (u8*)sMem.z;
       }else{
         zData = pC->aRow;
       }
-  
+
       /* Fill in pC->aType[i] and aOffset[i] values through the p2-th field. */
     op_column_read_header:
       i = pC->nHdrParsed;
@@ -85259,16 +88309,16 @@ case OP_Column: {
       zEndHdr = zData + aOffset[0];
       testcase( zHdr>=zEndHdr );
       do{
-        if( (t = zHdr[0])<0x80 ){
+        if( (pC->aType[i] = t = zHdr[0])<0x80 ){
           zHdr++;
           offset64 += sqlite3VdbeOneByteSerialTypeLen(t);
         }else{
           zHdr += sqlite3GetVarint32(zHdr, &t);
+          pC->aType[i] = t;
           offset64 += sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(t);
         }
-        pC->aType[i++] = t;
-        aOffset[i] = (u32)(offset64 & 0xffffffff);
-      }while( i<=p2 && zHdr<zEndHdr );
+        aOffset[++i] = (u32)(offset64 & 0xffffffff);
+      }while( (u32)i<=p2 && zHdr<zEndHdr );
 
       /* The record is corrupt if any of the following are true:
       ** (1) the bytes of the header extend past the declared header size
@@ -85358,14 +88408,15 @@ case OP_Column: {
       **    2. the length(X) function if X is a blob, and
       **    3. if the content length is zero.
       ** So we might as well use bogus content rather than reading
-      ** content from disk. 
+      ** content from disk.
       **
       ** Although sqlite3VdbeSerialGet() may read at most 8 bytes from the
       ** buffer passed to it, debugging function VdbeMemPrettyPrint() may
-      ** read up to 16. So 16 bytes of bogus content is supplied.
+      ** read more.  Use the global constant sqlite3CtypeMap[] as the array,
+      ** as that array is 256 bytes long (plenty for VdbeMemPrettyPrint())
+      ** and it begins with a bunch of zeros.
       */
-      static u8 aZero[16];  /* This is the bogus content */
-      sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(aZero, t, pDest);
+      sqlite3VdbeSerialGet((u8*)sqlite3CtypeMap, t, pDest);
     }else{
       rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(pC->uc.pCursor, aOffset[p2], len, pDest);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
@@ -85406,12 +88457,33 @@ case OP_Affinity: {
   assert( pOp->p2>0 );
   assert( zAffinity[pOp->p2]==0 );
   pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
-  do{
+  while( 1 /*exit-by-break*/ ){
     assert( pIn1 <= &p->aMem[(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor)] );
-    assert( memIsValid(pIn1) );
-    applyAffinity(pIn1, *(zAffinity++), encoding);
+    assert( zAffinity[0]==SQLITE_AFF_NONE || memIsValid(pIn1) );
+    applyAffinity(pIn1, zAffinity[0], encoding);
+    if( zAffinity[0]==SQLITE_AFF_REAL && (pIn1->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 ){
+      /* When applying REAL affinity, if the result is still an MEM_Int
+      ** that will fit in 6 bytes, then change the type to MEM_IntReal
+      ** so that we keep the high-resolution integer value but know that
+      ** the type really wants to be REAL. */
+      testcase( pIn1->u.i==140737488355328LL );
+      testcase( pIn1->u.i==140737488355327LL );
+      testcase( pIn1->u.i==-140737488355328LL );
+      testcase( pIn1->u.i==-140737488355329LL );
+      if( pIn1->u.i<=140737488355327LL && pIn1->u.i>=-140737488355328LL ){
+        pIn1->flags |= MEM_IntReal;
+        pIn1->flags &= ~MEM_Int;
+      }else{
+        pIn1->u.r = (double)pIn1->u.i;
+        pIn1->flags |= MEM_Real;
+        pIn1->flags &= ~MEM_Int;
+      }
+    }
+    REGISTER_TRACE((int)(pIn1-aMem), pIn1);
+    zAffinity++;
+    if( zAffinity[0]==0 ) break;
     pIn1++;
-  }while( zAffinity[0] );
+  }
   break;
 }
 
@@ -85430,9 +88502,19 @@ case OP_Affinity: {
 ** macros defined in sqliteInt.h.
 **
 ** If P4 is NULL then all index fields have the affinity BLOB.
+**
+** The meaning of P5 depends on whether or not the SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
+** compile-time option is enabled:
+**
+**   * If SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM is enabled, then the P5 is the index
+**     of the right-most table that can be null-trimmed.
+**
+**   * If SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM is omitted, then P5 has the value
+**     OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC if the OP_MakeRecord opcode is allowed to
+**     accept no-change records with serial_type 10.  This value is
+**     only used inside an assert() and does not affect the end result.
 */
 case OP_MakeRecord: {
-  u8 *zNewRecord;        /* A buffer to hold the data for the new record */
   Mem *pRec;             /* The new record */
   u64 nData;             /* Number of bytes of data space */
   int nHdr;              /* Number of bytes of header space */
@@ -85445,21 +88527,21 @@ case OP_MakeRecord: {
   int nField;            /* Number of fields in the record */
   char *zAffinity;       /* The affinity string for the record */
   int file_format;       /* File format to use for encoding */
-  int i;                 /* Space used in zNewRecord[] header */
-  int j;                 /* Space used in zNewRecord[] content */
   u32 len;               /* Length of a field */
+  u8 *zHdr;              /* Where to write next byte of the header */
+  u8 *zPayload;          /* Where to write next byte of the payload */
 
   /* Assuming the record contains N fields, the record format looks
   ** like this:
   **
   ** ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  ** | hdr-size | type 0 | type 1 | ... | type N-1 | data0 | ... | data N-1 | 
+  ** | hdr-size | type 0 | type 1 | ... | type N-1 | data0 | ... | data N-1 |
   ** ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   **
   ** Data(0) is taken from register P1.  Data(1) comes from register P1+1
   ** and so forth.
   **
-  ** Each type field is a varint representing the serial type of the 
+  ** Each type field is a varint representing the serial type of the
   ** corresponding data element (see sqlite3VdbeSerialType()). The
   ** hdr-size field is also a varint which is the offset from the beginning
   ** of the record to data0.
@@ -85486,7 +88568,14 @@ case OP_MakeRecord: {
   if( zAffinity ){
     pRec = pData0;
     do{
-      applyAffinity(pRec++, *(zAffinity++), encoding);
+      applyAffinity(pRec, zAffinity[0], encoding);
+      if( zAffinity[0]==SQLITE_AFF_REAL && (pRec->flags & MEM_Int) ){
+        pRec->flags |= MEM_IntReal;
+        pRec->flags &= ~(MEM_Int);
+      }
+      REGISTER_TRACE((int)(pRec-aMem), pRec);
+      zAffinity++;
+      pRec++;
       assert( zAffinity[0]==0 || pRec<=pLast );
     }while( zAffinity[0] );
   }
@@ -85506,34 +88595,122 @@ case OP_MakeRecord: {
 #endif
 
   /* Loop through the elements that will make up the record to figure
-  ** out how much space is required for the new record.
+  ** out how much space is required for the new record.  After this loop,
+  ** the Mem.uTemp field of each term should hold the serial-type that will
+  ** be used for that term in the generated record:
+  **
+  **   Mem.uTemp value    type
+  **   ---------------    ---------------
+  **      0               NULL
+  **      1               1-byte signed integer
+  **      2               2-byte signed integer
+  **      3               3-byte signed integer
+  **      4               4-byte signed integer
+  **      5               6-byte signed integer
+  **      6               8-byte signed integer
+  **      7               IEEE float
+  **      8               Integer constant 0
+  **      9               Integer constant 1
+  **     10,11            reserved for expansion
+  **    N>=12 and even    BLOB
+  **    N>=13 and odd     text
+  **
+  ** The following additional values are computed:
+  **     nHdr        Number of bytes needed for the record header
+  **     nData       Number of bytes of data space needed for the record
+  **     nZero       Zero bytes at the end of the record
   */
   pRec = pLast;
   do{
     assert( memIsValid(pRec) );
-    serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(pRec, file_format, &len);
-    if( pRec->flags & MEM_Zero ){
-      if( serial_type==0 ){
+    if( pRec->flags & MEM_Null ){
+      if( pRec->flags & MEM_Zero ){
         /* Values with MEM_Null and MEM_Zero are created by xColumn virtual
         ** table methods that never invoke sqlite3_result_xxxxx() while
         ** computing an unchanging column value in an UPDATE statement.
         ** Give such values a special internal-use-only serial-type of 10
         ** so that they can be passed through to xUpdate and have
         ** a true sqlite3_value_nochange(). */
+#ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
         assert( pOp->p5==OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC || CORRUPT_DB );
-        serial_type = 10;
-      }else if( nData ){
-        if( sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(pRec) ) goto no_mem;
+#endif
+        pRec->uTemp = 10;
+      }else{
+        pRec->uTemp = 0;
+      }
+      nHdr++;
+    }else if( pRec->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ){
+      /* Figure out whether to use 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8 bytes. */
+      i64 i = pRec->u.i;
+      u64 uu;
+      testcase( pRec->flags & MEM_Int );
+      testcase( pRec->flags & MEM_IntReal );
+      if( i<0 ){
+        uu = ~i;
+      }else{
+        uu = i;
+      }
+      nHdr++;
+      testcase( uu==127 );               testcase( uu==128 );
+      testcase( uu==32767 );             testcase( uu==32768 );
+      testcase( uu==8388607 );           testcase( uu==8388608 );
+      testcase( uu==2147483647 );        testcase( uu==2147483648 );
+      testcase( uu==140737488355327LL ); testcase( uu==140737488355328LL );
+      if( uu<=127 ){
+        if( (i&1)==i && file_format>=4 ){
+          pRec->uTemp = 8+(u32)uu;
+        }else{
+          nData++;
+          pRec->uTemp = 1;
+        }
+      }else if( uu<=32767 ){
+        nData += 2;
+        pRec->uTemp = 2;
+      }else if( uu<=8388607 ){
+        nData += 3;
+        pRec->uTemp = 3;
+      }else if( uu<=2147483647 ){
+        nData += 4;
+        pRec->uTemp = 4;
+      }else if( uu<=140737488355327LL ){
+        nData += 6;
+        pRec->uTemp = 5;
       }else{
-        nZero += pRec->u.nZero;
-        len -= pRec->u.nZero;
+        nData += 8;
+        if( pRec->flags & MEM_IntReal ){
+          /* If the value is IntReal and is going to take up 8 bytes to store
+          ** as an integer, then we might as well make it an 8-byte floating
+          ** point value */
+          pRec->u.r = (double)pRec->u.i;
+          pRec->flags &= ~MEM_IntReal;
+          pRec->flags |= MEM_Real;
+          pRec->uTemp = 7;
+        }else{
+          pRec->uTemp = 6;
+        }
+      }
+    }else if( pRec->flags & MEM_Real ){
+      nHdr++;
+      nData += 8;
+      pRec->uTemp = 7;
+    }else{
+      assert( db->mallocFailed || pRec->flags&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) );
+      assert( pRec->n>=0 );
+      len = (u32)pRec->n;
+      serial_type = (len*2) + 12 + ((pRec->flags & MEM_Str)!=0);
+      if( pRec->flags & MEM_Zero ){
+        serial_type += pRec->u.nZero*2;
+        if( nData ){
+          if( sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(pRec) ) goto no_mem;
+          len += pRec->u.nZero;
+        }else{
+          nZero += pRec->u.nZero;
+        }
       }
+      nData += len;
+      nHdr += sqlite3VarintLen(serial_type);
+      pRec->uTemp = serial_type;
     }
-    nData += len;
-    testcase( serial_type==127 );
-    testcase( serial_type==128 );
-    nHdr += serial_type<=127 ? 1 : sqlite3VarintLen(serial_type);
-    pRec->uTemp = serial_type;
     if( pRec==pData0 ) break;
     pRec--;
   }while(1);
@@ -85554,56 +88731,67 @@ case OP_MakeRecord: {
     if( nVarint<sqlite3VarintLen(nHdr) ) nHdr++;
   }
   nByte = nHdr+nData;
-  if( nByte+nZero>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
-    goto too_big;
-  }
 
-  /* Make sure the output register has a buffer large enough to store 
+  /* Make sure the output register has a buffer large enough to store
   ** the new record. The output register (pOp->p3) is not allowed to
   ** be one of the input registers (because the following call to
   ** sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize() could clobber the value before it is used).
   */
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pOut, (int)nByte) ){
-    goto no_mem;
+  if( nByte+nZero<=pOut->szMalloc ){
+    /* The output register is already large enough to hold the record.
+    ** No error checks or buffer enlargement is required */
+    pOut->z = pOut->zMalloc;
+  }else{
+    /* Need to make sure that the output is not too big and then enlarge
+    ** the output register to hold the full result */
+    if( nByte+nZero>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
+      goto too_big;
+    }
+    if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pOut, (int)nByte) ){
+      goto no_mem;
+    }
+  }
+  pOut->n = (int)nByte;
+  pOut->flags = MEM_Blob;
+  if( nZero ){
+    pOut->u.nZero = nZero;
+    pOut->flags |= MEM_Zero;
   }
-  zNewRecord = (u8 *)pOut->z;
+  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
+  zHdr = (u8 *)pOut->z;
+  zPayload = zHdr + nHdr;
 
   /* Write the record */
-  i = putVarint32(zNewRecord, nHdr);
-  j = nHdr;
+  zHdr += putVarint32(zHdr, nHdr);
   assert( pData0<=pLast );
   pRec = pData0;
   do{
     serial_type = pRec->uTemp;
     /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-06529-47362 Following the size varint are one or more
     ** additional varints, one per column. */
-    i += putVarint32(&zNewRecord[i], serial_type);            /* serial type */
+    zHdr += putVarint32(zHdr, serial_type);            /* serial type */
     /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-64536-51728 The values for each column in the record
     ** immediately follow the header. */
-    j += sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(&zNewRecord[j], pRec, serial_type); /* content */
+    zPayload += sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(zPayload, pRec, serial_type); /* content */
   }while( (++pRec)<=pLast );
-  assert( i==nHdr );
-  assert( j==nByte );
+  assert( nHdr==(int)(zHdr - (u8*)pOut->z) );
+  assert( nByte==(int)(zPayload - (u8*)pOut->z) );
 
   assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
-  pOut->n = (int)nByte;
-  pOut->flags = MEM_Blob;
-  if( nZero ){
-    pOut->u.nZero = nZero;
-    pOut->flags |= MEM_Zero;
-  }
   REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: Count P1 P2 * * *
+/* Opcode: Count P1 P2 p3 * *
 ** Synopsis: r[P2]=count()
 **
-** Store the number of entries (an integer value) in the table or index 
-** opened by cursor P1 in register P2
+** Store the number of entries (an integer value) in the table or index
+** opened by cursor P1 in register P2.
+**
+** If P3==0, then an exact count is obtained, which involves visiting
+** every btree page of the table.  But if P3 is non-zero, an estimate
+** is returned based on the current cursor position.
 */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
 case OP_Count: {         /* out2 */
   i64 nEntry;
   BtCursor *pCrsr;
@@ -85611,20 +88799,24 @@ case OP_Count: {         /* out2 */
   assert( p->apCsr[pOp->p1]->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
   pCrsr = p->apCsr[pOp->p1]->uc.pCursor;
   assert( pCrsr );
-  nEntry = 0;  /* Not needed.  Only used to silence a warning. */
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeCount(pCrsr, &nEntry);
-  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+  if( pOp->p3 ){
+    nEntry = sqlite3BtreeRowCountEst(pCrsr);
+  }else{
+    nEntry = 0;  /* Not needed.  Only used to silence a warning. */
+    rc = sqlite3BtreeCount(db, pCrsr, &nEntry);
+    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+  }
   pOut = out2Prerelease(p, pOp);
   pOut->u.i = nEntry;
-  break;
+  goto check_for_interrupt;
 }
-#endif
 
 /* Opcode: Savepoint P1 * * P4 *
 **
 ** Open, release or rollback the savepoint named by parameter P4, depending
-** on the value of P1. To open a new savepoint, P1==0. To release (commit) an
-** existing savepoint, P1==1, or to rollback an existing savepoint P1==2.
+** on the value of P1. To open a new savepoint set P1==0 (SAVEPOINT_BEGIN).
+** To release (commit) an existing savepoint set P1==1 (SAVEPOINT_RELEASE).
+** To rollback an existing savepoint set P1==2 (SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK).
 */
 case OP_Savepoint: {
   int p1;                         /* Value of P1 operand */
@@ -85640,7 +88832,7 @@ case OP_Savepoint: {
   zName = pOp->p4.z;
 
   /* Assert that the p1 parameter is valid. Also that if there is no open
-  ** transaction, then there cannot be any savepoints. 
+  ** transaction, then there cannot be any savepoints.
   */
   assert( db->pSavepoint==0 || db->autoCommit==0 );
   assert( p1==SAVEPOINT_BEGIN||p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE||p1==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK );
@@ -85650,7 +88842,7 @@ case OP_Savepoint: {
 
   if( p1==SAVEPOINT_BEGIN ){
     if( db->nVdbeWrite>0 ){
-      /* A new savepoint cannot be created if there are active write 
+      /* A new savepoint cannot be created if there are active write
       ** statements (i.e. open read/write incremental blob handles).
       */
       sqlite3VdbeError(p, "cannot open savepoint - SQL statements in progress");
@@ -85674,7 +88866,7 @@ case OP_Savepoint: {
       if( pNew ){
         pNew->zName = (char *)&pNew[1];
         memcpy(pNew->zName, zName, nName+1);
-    
+
         /* If there is no open transaction, then mark this as a special
         ** "transaction savepoint". */
         if( db->autoCommit ){
@@ -85692,12 +88884,13 @@ case OP_Savepoint: {
       }
     }
   }else{
+    assert( p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE || p1==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK );
     iSavepoint = 0;
 
     /* Find the named savepoint. If there is no such savepoint, then an
     ** an error is returned to the user.  */
     for(
-      pSavepoint = db->pSavepoint; 
+      pSavepoint = db->pSavepoint;
       pSavepoint && sqlite3StrICmp(pSavepoint->zName, zName);
       pSavepoint = pSavepoint->pNext
     ){
@@ -85707,7 +88900,7 @@ case OP_Savepoint: {
       sqlite3VdbeError(p, "no such savepoint: %s", zName);
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     }else if( db->nVdbeWrite>0 && p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ){
-      /* It is not possible to release (commit) a savepoint if there are 
+      /* It is not possible to release (commit) a savepoint if there are
       ** active write statements.
       */
       sqlite3VdbeError(p, "cannot release savepoint - "
@@ -85716,8 +88909,8 @@ case OP_Savepoint: {
     }else{
 
       /* Determine whether or not this is a transaction savepoint. If so,
-      ** and this is a RELEASE command, then the current transaction 
-      ** is committed. 
+      ** and this is a RELEASE command, then the current transaction
+      ** is committed.
       */
       int isTransaction = pSavepoint->pNext==0 && db->isTransactionSavepoint;
       if( isTransaction && p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ){
@@ -85731,8 +88924,12 @@ case OP_Savepoint: {
           p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
           goto vdbe_return;
         }
-        db->isTransactionSavepoint = 0;
         rc = p->rc;
+        if( rc ){
+          db->autoCommit = 0;
+        }else{
+          db->isTransactionSavepoint = 0;
+        }
       }else{
         int isSchemaChange;
         iSavepoint = db->nSavepoint - iSavepoint - 1;
@@ -85745,6 +88942,7 @@ case OP_Savepoint: {
             if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
           }
         }else{
+          assert( p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE );
           isSchemaChange = 0;
         }
         for(ii=0; ii<db->nDb; ii++){
@@ -85759,8 +88957,9 @@ case OP_Savepoint: {
           db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
         }
       }
-  
-      /* Regardless of whether this is a RELEASE or ROLLBACK, destroy all 
+      if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+
+      /* Regardless of whether this is a RELEASE or ROLLBACK, destroy all
       ** savepoints nested inside of the savepoint being operated on. */
       while( db->pSavepoint!=pSavepoint ){
         pTmp = db->pSavepoint;
@@ -85769,8 +88968,8 @@ case OP_Savepoint: {
         db->nSavepoint--;
       }
 
-      /* If it is a RELEASE, then destroy the savepoint being operated on 
-      ** too. If it is a ROLLBACK TO, then set the number of deferred 
+      /* If it is a RELEASE, then destroy the savepoint being operated on
+      ** too. If it is a ROLLBACK TO, then set the number of deferred
       ** constraint violations present in the database to the value stored
       ** when the savepoint was created.  */
       if( p1==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE ){
@@ -85781,6 +88980,7 @@ case OP_Savepoint: {
           db->nSavepoint--;
         }
       }else{
+        assert( p1==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK );
         db->nDeferredCons = pSavepoint->nDeferredCons;
         db->nDeferredImmCons = pSavepoint->nDeferredImmCons;
       }
@@ -85823,7 +89023,7 @@ case OP_AutoCommit: {
       db->autoCommit = 1;
     }else if( desiredAutoCommit && db->nVdbeWrite>0 ){
       /* If this instruction implements a COMMIT and other VMs are writing
-      ** return an error indicating that the other VMs must complete first. 
+      ** return an error indicating that the other VMs must complete first.
       */
       sqlite3VdbeError(p, "cannot commit transaction - "
                           "SQL statements in progress");
@@ -85840,7 +89040,6 @@ case OP_AutoCommit: {
       p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
       goto vdbe_return;
     }
-    assert( db->nStatement==0 );
     sqlite3CloseSavepoints(db);
     if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       rc = SQLITE_DONE;
@@ -85853,20 +89052,21 @@ case OP_AutoCommit: {
         (!desiredAutoCommit)?"cannot start a transaction within a transaction":(
         (iRollback)?"cannot rollback - no transaction is active":
                    "cannot commit - no transaction is active"));
-         
+
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     goto abort_due_to_error;
   }
-  break;
+  /*NOTREACHED*/ assert(0);
 }
 
 /* Opcode: Transaction P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
 **
 ** Begin a transaction on database P1 if a transaction is not already
 ** active.
-** If P2 is non-zero, then a write-transaction is started, or if a 
+** If P2 is non-zero, then a write-transaction is started, or if a
 ** read-transaction is already active, it is upgraded to a write-transaction.
-** If P2 is zero, then a read-transaction is started.
+** If P2 is zero, then a read-transaction is started.  If P2 is 2 or more
+** then an exclusive transaction is started.
 **
 ** P1 is the index of the database file on which the transaction is
 ** started.  Index 0 is the main database file and index 1 is the
@@ -85900,6 +89100,7 @@ case OP_Transaction: {
 
   assert( p->bIsReader );
   assert( p->readOnly==0 || pOp->p2==0 );
+  assert( pOp->p2>=0 && pOp->p2<=2 );
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
   assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, pOp->p1) );
   if( pOp->p2 && (db->flags & SQLITE_QueryOnly)!=0 ){
@@ -85921,13 +89122,14 @@ case OP_Transaction: {
       goto abort_due_to_error;
     }
 
-    if( pOp->p2 && p->usesStmtJournal 
-     && (db->autoCommit==0 || db->nVdbeRead>1) 
+    if( p->usesStmtJournal
+     && pOp->p2
+     && (db->autoCommit==0 || db->nVdbeRead>1)
     ){
-      assert( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pBt) );
+      assert( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt)==SQLITE_TXN_WRITE );
       if( p->iStatement==0 ){
         assert( db->nStatement>=0 && db->nSavepoint>=0 );
-        db->nStatement++; 
+        db->nStatement++;
         p->iStatement = db->nSavepoint + db->nStatement;
       }
 
@@ -85955,7 +89157,7 @@ case OP_Transaction: {
     */
     sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
     p->zErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, "database schema has changed");
-    /* If the schema-cookie from the database file matches the cookie 
+    /* If the schema-cookie from the database file matches the cookie
     ** stored with the in-memory representation of the schema, do
     ** not reload the schema from the database file.
     **
@@ -85965,7 +89167,7 @@ case OP_Transaction: {
     ** prepared queries. If such a query is out-of-date, we do not want to
     ** discard the database schema, as the user code implementing the
     ** v-table would have to be ready for the sqlite3_vtab structure itself
-    ** to be invalidated whenever sqlite3_step() is called from within 
+    ** to be invalidated whenever sqlite3_step() is called from within
     ** a v-table method.
     */
     if( db->aDb[pOp->p1].pSchema->schema_cookie!=iMeta ){
@@ -86009,15 +89211,20 @@ case OP_ReadCookie: {               /* out2 */
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: SetCookie P1 P2 P3 * *
+/* Opcode: SetCookie P1 P2 P3 * P5
 **
 ** Write the integer value P3 into cookie number P2 of database P1.
 ** P2==1 is the schema version.  P2==2 is the database format.
-** P2==3 is the recommended pager cache 
-** size, and so forth.  P1==0 is the main database file and P1==1 is the 
+** P2==3 is the recommended pager cache
+** size, and so forth.  P1==0 is the main database file and P1==1 is the
 ** database file used to store temporary tables.
 **
 ** A transaction must be started before executing this opcode.
+**
+** If P2 is the SCHEMA_VERSION cookie (cookie number 1) then the internal
+** schema version is set to P3-P5.  The "PRAGMA schema_version=N" statement
+** has P5 set to 1, so that the internal schema version will be different
+** from the database schema version, resulting in a schema reset.
 */
 case OP_SetCookie: {
   Db *pDb;
@@ -86034,7 +89241,7 @@ case OP_SetCookie: {
   rc = sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(pDb->pBt, pOp->p2, pOp->p3);
   if( pOp->p2==BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION ){
     /* When the schema cookie changes, record the new cookie internally */
-    pDb->pSchema->schema_cookie = pOp->p3;
+    pDb->pSchema->schema_cookie = pOp->p3 - pOp->p5;
     db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
   }else if( pOp->p2==BTREE_FILE_FORMAT ){
     /* Record changes in the file format */
@@ -86054,8 +89261,8 @@ case OP_SetCookie: {
 ** Synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3
 **
 ** Open a read-only cursor for the database table whose root page is
-** P2 in a database file.  The database file is determined by P3. 
-** P3==0 means the main database, P3==1 means the database used for 
+** P2 in a database file.  The database file is determined by P3.
+** P3==0 means the main database, P3==1 means the database used for
 ** temporary tables, and P3>1 means used the corresponding attached
 ** database.  Give the new cursor an identifier of P1.  The P1
 ** values need not be contiguous but all P1 values should be small integers.
@@ -86065,14 +89272,14 @@ case OP_SetCookie: {
 ** <ul>
 ** <li>  <b>0x02 OPFLAG_SEEKEQ</b>: This cursor will only be used for
 **       equality lookups (implemented as a pair of opcodes OP_SeekGE/OP_IdxGT
-**       of OP_SeekLE/OP_IdxGT)
+**       of OP_SeekLE/OP_IdxLT)
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** The P4 value may be either an integer (P4_INT32) or a pointer to
-** a KeyInfo structure (P4_KEYINFO). If it is a pointer to a KeyInfo 
+** a KeyInfo structure (P4_KEYINFO). If it is a pointer to a KeyInfo
 ** object, then table being opened must be an [index b-tree] where the
-** KeyInfo object defines the content and collating 
-** sequence of that index b-tree. Otherwise, if P4 is an integer 
+** KeyInfo object defines the content and collating
+** sequence of that index b-tree. Otherwise, if P4 is an integer
 ** value, then the table being opened must be a [table b-tree] with a
 ** number of columns no less than the value of P4.
 **
@@ -86095,7 +89302,7 @@ case OP_SetCookie: {
 ** <ul>
 ** <li>  <b>0x02 OPFLAG_SEEKEQ</b>: This cursor will only be used for
 **       equality lookups (implemented as a pair of opcodes OP_SeekGE/OP_IdxGT
-**       of OP_SeekLE/OP_IdxGT)
+**       of OP_SeekLE/OP_IdxLT)
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** See also: OP_OpenRead, OP_OpenWrite
@@ -86108,10 +89315,10 @@ case OP_SetCookie: {
 ** OPFLAG_P2ISREG bit is set in P5 - see below).
 **
 ** The P4 value may be either an integer (P4_INT32) or a pointer to
-** a KeyInfo structure (P4_KEYINFO). If it is a pointer to a KeyInfo 
+** a KeyInfo structure (P4_KEYINFO). If it is a pointer to a KeyInfo
 ** object, then table being opened must be an [index b-tree] where the
-** KeyInfo object defines the content and collating 
-** sequence of that index b-tree. Otherwise, if P4 is an integer 
+** KeyInfo object defines the content and collating
+** sequence of that index b-tree. Otherwise, if P4 is an integer
 ** value, then the table being opened must be a [table b-tree] with a
 ** number of columns no less than the value of P4.
 **
@@ -86119,7 +89326,7 @@ case OP_SetCookie: {
 ** <ul>
 ** <li>  <b>0x02 OPFLAG_SEEKEQ</b>: This cursor will only be used for
 **       equality lookups (implemented as a pair of opcodes OP_SeekGE/OP_IdxGT
-**       of OP_SeekLE/OP_IdxGT)
+**       of OP_SeekLE/OP_IdxLT)
 ** <li>  <b>0x08 OPFLAG_FORDELETE</b>: This cursor is used only to seek
 **       and subsequently delete entries in an index btree.  This is a
 **       hint to the storage engine that the storage engine is allowed to
@@ -86137,7 +89344,7 @@ case OP_SetCookie: {
 case OP_ReopenIdx: {
   int nField;
   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
-  int p2;
+  u32 p2;
   int iDb;
   int wrFlag;
   Btree *pX;
@@ -86168,7 +89375,7 @@ case OP_OpenWrite:
 
   nField = 0;
   pKeyInfo = 0;
-  p2 = pOp->p2;
+  p2 = (u32)pOp->p2;
   iDb = pOp->p3;
   assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
   assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, iDb) );
@@ -86187,7 +89394,7 @@ case OP_OpenWrite:
   }
   if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_P2ISREG ){
     assert( p2>0 );
-    assert( p2<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
+    assert( p2<=(u32)(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
     assert( pOp->opcode==OP_OpenWrite );
     pIn2 = &aMem[p2];
     assert( memIsValid(pIn2) );
@@ -86224,16 +89431,14 @@ case OP_OpenWrite:
   /* Set the VdbeCursor.isTable variable. Previous versions of
   ** SQLite used to check if the root-page flags were sane at this point
   ** and report database corruption if they were not, but this check has
-  ** since moved into the btree layer.  */  
+  ** since moved into the btree layer.  */
   pCur->isTable = pOp->p4type!=P4_KEYINFO;
 
 open_cursor_set_hints:
   assert( OPFLAG_BULKCSR==BTREE_BULKLOAD );
   assert( OPFLAG_SEEKEQ==BTREE_SEEK_EQ );
   testcase( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_BULKCSR );
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
   testcase( pOp->p2 & OPFLAG_SEEKEQ );
-#endif
   sqlite3BtreeCursorHintFlags(pCur->uc.pCursor,
                                (pOp->p5 & (OPFLAG_BULKCSR|OPFLAG_SEEKEQ)));
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
@@ -86253,6 +89458,7 @@ case OP_OpenDup: {
   VdbeCursor *pCx;      /* The new cursor */
 
   pOrig = p->apCsr[pOp->p2];
+  assert( pOrig );
   assert( pOrig->pBtx!=0 );  /* Only ephemeral cursors can be duplicated */
 
   pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOrig->nField, -1, CURTYPE_BTREE);
@@ -86261,7 +89467,9 @@ case OP_OpenDup: {
   pCx->isEphemeral = 1;
   pCx->pKeyInfo = pOrig->pKeyInfo;
   pCx->isTable = pOrig->isTable;
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pOrig->pBtx, MASTER_ROOT, BTREE_WRCSR,
+  pCx->pgnoRoot = pOrig->pgnoRoot;
+  pCx->isOrdered = pOrig->isOrdered;
+  rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pOrig->pBtx, pCx->pgnoRoot, BTREE_WRCSR,
                           pCx->pKeyInfo, pCx->uc.pCursor);
   /* The sqlite3BtreeCursor() routine can only fail for the first cursor
   ** opened for a database.  Since there is already an open cursor when this
@@ -86271,14 +89479,17 @@ case OP_OpenDup: {
 }
 
 
-/* Opcode: OpenEphemeral P1 P2 * P4 P5
+/* Opcode: OpenEphemeral P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
 ** Synopsis: nColumn=P2
 **
 ** Open a new cursor P1 to a transient table.
-** The cursor is always opened read/write even if 
+** The cursor is always opened read/write even if
 ** the main database is read-only.  The ephemeral
 ** table is deleted automatically when the cursor is closed.
 **
+** If the cursor P1 is already opened on an ephemeral table, the table
+** is cleared (all content is erased).
+**
 ** P2 is the number of columns in the ephemeral table.
 ** The cursor points to a BTree table if P4==0 and to a BTree index
 ** if P4 is not 0.  If P4 is not NULL, it points to a KeyInfo structure
@@ -86288,6 +89499,10 @@ case OP_OpenDup: {
 ** in btree.h.  These flags control aspects of the operation of
 ** the btree.  The BTREE_OMIT_JOURNAL and BTREE_SINGLE flags are
 ** added automatically.
+**
+** If P3 is positive, then reg[P3] is modified slightly so that it
+** can be used as zero-length data for OP_Insert.  This is an optimization
+** that avoids an extra OP_Blob opcode to initialize that register.
 */
 /* Opcode: OpenAutoindex P1 P2 * P4 *
 ** Synopsis: nColumn=P2
@@ -86297,12 +89512,12 @@ case OP_OpenDup: {
 ** by this opcode will be used for automatically created transient
 ** indices in joins.
 */
-case OP_OpenAutoindex: 
+case OP_OpenAutoindex:
 case OP_OpenEphemeral: {
   VdbeCursor *pCx;
   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
 
-  static const int vfsFlags = 
+  static const int vfsFlags =
       SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE |
       SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE |
       SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE |
@@ -86310,41 +89525,62 @@ case OP_OpenEphemeral: {
       SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB;
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
   assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
-  pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p2, -1, CURTYPE_BTREE);
-  if( pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  pCx->nullRow = 1;
-  pCx->isEphemeral = 1;
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(db->pVfs, 0, db, &pCx->pBtx, 
-                        BTREE_OMIT_JOURNAL | BTREE_SINGLE | pOp->p5, vfsFlags);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pCx->pBtx, 1, 0);
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    /* If a transient index is required, create it by calling
-    ** sqlite3BtreeCreateTable() with the BTREE_BLOBKEY flag before
-    ** opening it. If a transient table is required, just use the
-    ** automatically created table with root-page 1 (an BLOB_INTKEY table).
-    */
-    if( (pCx->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo)!=0 ){
-      int pgno;
-      assert( pOp->p4type==P4_KEYINFO );
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(pCx->pBtx, &pgno, BTREE_BLOBKEY | pOp->p5); 
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        assert( pgno==MASTER_ROOT+1 );
-        assert( pKeyInfo->db==db );
-        assert( pKeyInfo->enc==ENC(db) );
-        rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pCx->pBtx, pgno, BTREE_WRCSR,
-                                pKeyInfo, pCx->uc.pCursor);
+  if( pOp->p3>0 ){
+    /* Make register reg[P3] into a value that can be used as the data
+    ** form sqlite3BtreeInsert() where the length of the data is zero. */
+    assert( pOp->p2==0 ); /* Only used when number of columns is zero */
+    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_OpenEphemeral );
+    assert( aMem[pOp->p3].flags & MEM_Null );
+    aMem[pOp->p3].n = 0;
+    aMem[pOp->p3].z = "";
+  }
+  pCx = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
+  if( pCx && pCx->pBtx ){
+    /* If the ephermeral table is already open, erase all existing content
+    ** so that the table is empty again, rather than creating a new table. */
+    assert( pCx->isEphemeral );
+    pCx->seqCount = 0;
+    pCx->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
+    rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTable(pCx->pBtx, pCx->pgnoRoot, 0);
+  }else{
+    pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p2, -1, CURTYPE_BTREE);
+    if( pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
+    pCx->isEphemeral = 1;
+    rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(db->pVfs, 0, db, &pCx->pBtx,
+                          BTREE_OMIT_JOURNAL | BTREE_SINGLE | pOp->p5,
+                          vfsFlags);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pCx->pBtx, 1, 0);
+    }
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      /* If a transient index is required, create it by calling
+      ** sqlite3BtreeCreateTable() with the BTREE_BLOBKEY flag before
+      ** opening it. If a transient table is required, just use the
+      ** automatically created table with root-page 1 (an BLOB_INTKEY table).
+      */
+      if( (pCx->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo)!=0 ){
+        assert( pOp->p4type==P4_KEYINFO );
+        rc = sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(pCx->pBtx, &pCx->pgnoRoot,
+                                     BTREE_BLOBKEY | pOp->p5);
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          assert( pCx->pgnoRoot==SCHEMA_ROOT+1 );
+          assert( pKeyInfo->db==db );
+          assert( pKeyInfo->enc==ENC(db) );
+          rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pCx->pBtx, pCx->pgnoRoot, BTREE_WRCSR,
+                                  pKeyInfo, pCx->uc.pCursor);
+        }
+        pCx->isTable = 0;
+      }else{
+        pCx->pgnoRoot = SCHEMA_ROOT;
+        rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pCx->pBtx, SCHEMA_ROOT, BTREE_WRCSR,
+                                0, pCx->uc.pCursor);
+        pCx->isTable = 1;
       }
-      pCx->isTable = 0;
-    }else{
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pCx->pBtx, MASTER_ROOT, BTREE_WRCSR,
-                              0, pCx->uc.pCursor);
-      pCx->isTable = 1;
     }
+    pCx->isOrdered = (pOp->p5!=BTREE_UNORDERED);
   }
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-  pCx->isOrdered = (pOp->p5!=BTREE_UNORDERED);
+  pCx->nullRow = 1;
   break;
 }
 
@@ -86396,7 +89632,7 @@ case OP_SequenceTest: {
 **
 ** Open a new cursor that points to a fake table that contains a single
 ** row of data.  The content of that one row is the content of memory
-** register P2.  In other words, cursor P1 becomes an alias for the 
+** register P2.  In other words, cursor P1 becomes an alias for the
 ** MEM_Blob content contained in register P2.
 **
 ** A pseudo-table created by this opcode is used to hold a single
@@ -86461,21 +89697,23 @@ case OP_ColumnsUsed: {
 /* Opcode: SeekGE P1 P2 P3 P4 *
 ** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
 **
-** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys), 
-** use the value in register P3 as the key.  If cursor P1 refers 
-** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers 
-** that are used as an unpacked index key. 
+** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys),
+** use the value in register P3 as the key.  If cursor P1 refers
+** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers
+** that are used as an unpacked index key.
 **
-** Reposition cursor P1 so that  it points to the smallest entry that 
-** is greater than or equal to the key value. If there are no records 
+** Reposition cursor P1 so that  it points to the smallest entry that
+** is greater than or equal to the key value. If there are no records
 ** greater than or equal to the key and P2 is not zero, then jump to P2.
 **
 ** If the cursor P1 was opened using the OPFLAG_SEEKEQ flag, then this
-** opcode will always land on a record that equally equals the key, or
-** else jump immediately to P2.  When the cursor is OPFLAG_SEEKEQ, this
-** opcode must be followed by an IdxLE opcode with the same arguments.
-** The IdxLE opcode will be skipped if this opcode succeeds, but the
-** IdxLE opcode will be used on subsequent loop iterations.
+** opcode will either land on a record that exactly matches the key, or
+** else it will cause a jump to P2.  When the cursor is OPFLAG_SEEKEQ,
+** this opcode must be followed by an IdxLE opcode with the same arguments.
+** The IdxGT opcode will be skipped if this opcode succeeds, but the
+** IdxGT opcode will be used on subsequent loop iterations.  The
+** OPFLAG_SEEKEQ flags is a hint to the btree layer to say that this
+** is an equality search.
 **
 ** This opcode leaves the cursor configured to move in forward order,
 ** from the beginning toward the end.  In other words, the cursor is
@@ -86486,13 +89724,13 @@ case OP_ColumnsUsed: {
 /* Opcode: SeekGT P1 P2 P3 P4 *
 ** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
 **
-** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys), 
-** use the value in register P3 as a key. If cursor P1 refers 
-** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers 
-** that are used as an unpacked index key. 
+** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys),
+** use the value in register P3 as a key. If cursor P1 refers
+** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers
+** that are used as an unpacked index key.
 **
-** Reposition cursor P1 so that  it points to the smallest entry that 
-** is greater than the key value. If there are no records greater than 
+** Reposition cursor P1 so that it points to the smallest entry that
+** is greater than the key value. If there are no records greater than
 ** the key and P2 is not zero, then jump to P2.
 **
 ** This opcode leaves the cursor configured to move in forward order,
@@ -86501,16 +89739,16 @@ case OP_ColumnsUsed: {
 **
 ** See also: Found, NotFound, SeekLt, SeekGe, SeekLe
 */
-/* Opcode: SeekLT P1 P2 P3 P4 * 
+/* Opcode: SeekLT P1 P2 P3 P4 *
 ** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
 **
-** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys), 
-** use the value in register P3 as a key. If cursor P1 refers 
-** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers 
-** that are used as an unpacked index key. 
+** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys),
+** use the value in register P3 as a key. If cursor P1 refers
+** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers
+** that are used as an unpacked index key.
 **
-** Reposition cursor P1 so that  it points to the largest entry that 
-** is less than the key value. If there are no records less than 
+** Reposition cursor P1 so that  it points to the largest entry that
+** is less than the key value. If there are no records less than
 ** the key and P2 is not zero, then jump to P2.
 **
 ** This opcode leaves the cursor configured to move in reverse order,
@@ -86522,13 +89760,13 @@ case OP_ColumnsUsed: {
 /* Opcode: SeekLE P1 P2 P3 P4 *
 ** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
 **
-** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys), 
-** use the value in register P3 as a key. If cursor P1 refers 
-** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers 
-** that are used as an unpacked index key. 
+** If cursor P1 refers to an SQL table (B-Tree that uses integer keys),
+** use the value in register P3 as a key. If cursor P1 refers
+** to an SQL index, then P3 is the first in an array of P4 registers
+** that are used as an unpacked index key.
 **
-** Reposition cursor P1 so that it points to the largest entry that 
-** is less than or equal to the key value. If there are no records 
+** Reposition cursor P1 so that it points to the largest entry that
+** is less than or equal to the key value. If there are no records
 ** less than or equal to the key and P2 is not zero, then jump to P2.
 **
 ** This opcode leaves the cursor configured to move in reverse order,
@@ -86536,11 +89774,13 @@ case OP_ColumnsUsed: {
 ** configured to use Prev, not Next.
 **
 ** If the cursor P1 was opened using the OPFLAG_SEEKEQ flag, then this
-** opcode will always land on a record that equally equals the key, or
-** else jump immediately to P2.  When the cursor is OPFLAG_SEEKEQ, this
-** opcode must be followed by an IdxGE opcode with the same arguments.
+** opcode will either land on a record that exactly matches the key, or
+** else it will cause a jump to P2.  When the cursor is OPFLAG_SEEKEQ,
+** this opcode must be followed by an IdxLE opcode with the same arguments.
 ** The IdxGE opcode will be skipped if this opcode succeeds, but the
-** IdxGE opcode will be used on subsequent loop iterations.
+** IdxGE opcode will be used on subsequent loop iterations.  The
+** OPFLAG_SEEKEQ flags is a hint to the btree layer to say that this
+** is an equality search.
 **
 ** See also: Found, NotFound, SeekGt, SeekGe, SeekLt
 */
@@ -86573,8 +89813,11 @@ case OP_SeekGT: {       /* jump, in3, group */
   pC->seekOp = pOp->opcode;
 #endif
 
+  pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
+  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
   if( pC->isTable ){
-    /* The BTREE_SEEK_EQ flag is only set on index cursors */
+    u16 flags3, newType;
+    /* The OPFLAG_SEEKEQ/BTREE_SEEK_EQ flag is only set on index cursors */
     assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorHasHint(pC->uc.pCursor, BTREE_SEEK_EQ)==0
               || CORRUPT_DB );
 
@@ -86582,20 +89825,27 @@ case OP_SeekGT: {       /* jump, in3, group */
     ** blob, or NULL.  But it needs to be an integer before we can do
     ** the seek, so convert it. */
     pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-    if( (pIn3->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
+    flags3 = pIn3->flags;
+    if( (flags3 & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
       applyNumericAffinity(pIn3, 0);
     }
-    iKey = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn3);
+    iKey = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn3); /* Get the integer key value */
+    newType = pIn3->flags; /* Record the type after applying numeric affinity */
+    pIn3->flags = flags3;  /* But convert the type back to its original */
 
     /* If the P3 value could not be converted into an integer without
     ** loss of information, then special processing is required... */
-    if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
-      if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Real)==0 ){
-        /* If the P3 value cannot be converted into any kind of a number,
-        ** then the seek is not possible, so jump to P2 */
-        VdbeBranchTaken(1,2); goto jump_to_p2;
-        break;
-      }
+    if( (newType & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal))==0 ){
+      if( (newType & MEM_Real)==0 ){
+        if( (newType & MEM_Null) || oc>=OP_SeekGE ){
+          VdbeBranchTaken(1,2);
+          goto jump_to_p2;
+        }else{
+          rc = sqlite3BtreeLast(pC->uc.pCursor, &res);
+          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+          goto seek_not_found;
+        }
+      }else
 
       /* If the approximation iKey is larger than the actual real search
       ** term, substitute >= for > and < for <=. e.g. if the search term
@@ -86619,21 +89869,24 @@ case OP_SeekGT: {       /* jump, in3, group */
         assert( (OP_SeekLT & 0x0001)==(OP_SeekGE & 0x0001) );
         if( (oc & 0x0001)==(OP_SeekLT & 0x0001) ) oc++;
       }
-    } 
+    }
     rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(pC->uc.pCursor, 0, (u64)iKey, 0, &res);
     pC->movetoTarget = iKey;  /* Used by OP_Delete */
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       goto abort_due_to_error;
     }
   }else{
-    /* For a cursor with the BTREE_SEEK_EQ hint, only the OP_SeekGE and
-    ** OP_SeekLE opcodes are allowed, and these must be immediately followed
-    ** by an OP_IdxGT or OP_IdxLT opcode, respectively, with the same key.
+    /* For a cursor with the OPFLAG_SEEKEQ/BTREE_SEEK_EQ hint, only the
+    ** OP_SeekGE and OP_SeekLE opcodes are allowed, and these must be
+    ** immediately followed by an OP_IdxGT or OP_IdxLT opcode, respectively,
+    ** with the same key.
     */
     if( sqlite3BtreeCursorHasHint(pC->uc.pCursor, BTREE_SEEK_EQ) ){
       eqOnly = 1;
       assert( pOp->opcode==OP_SeekGE || pOp->opcode==OP_SeekLE );
       assert( pOp[1].opcode==OP_IdxLT || pOp[1].opcode==OP_IdxGT );
+      assert( pOp->opcode==OP_SeekGE || pOp[1].opcode==OP_IdxLT );
+      assert( pOp->opcode==OP_SeekLE || pOp[1].opcode==OP_IdxGT );
       assert( pOp[1].p1==pOp[0].p1 );
       assert( pOp[1].p2==pOp[0].p2 );
       assert( pOp[1].p3==pOp[0].p3 );
@@ -86673,8 +89926,6 @@ case OP_SeekGT: {       /* jump, in3, group */
       goto seek_not_found;
     }
   }
-  pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
   sqlite3_search_count++;
 #endif
@@ -86725,22 +89976,186 @@ seek_not_found:
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: SeekHit P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: seekHit=P2
+
+/* Opcode: SeekScan  P1 P2 * * *
+** Synopsis: Scan-ahead up to P1 rows
 **
-** Set the seekHit flag on cursor P1 to the value in P2.
-** The seekHit flag is used by the IfNoHope opcode.
+** This opcode is a prefix opcode to OP_SeekGE.  In other words, this
+** opcode must be immediately followed by OP_SeekGE. This constraint is
+** checked by assert() statements.
 **
-** P1 must be a valid b-tree cursor.  P2 must be a boolean value,
-** either 0 or 1.
+** This opcode uses the P1 through P4 operands of the subsequent
+** OP_SeekGE.  In the text that follows, the operands of the subsequent
+** OP_SeekGE opcode are denoted as SeekOP.P1 through SeekOP.P4.   Only
+** the P1 and P2 operands of this opcode are also used, and  are called
+** This.P1 and This.P2.
+**
+** This opcode helps to optimize IN operators on a multi-column index
+** where the IN operator is on the later terms of the index by avoiding
+** unnecessary seeks on the btree, substituting steps to the next row
+** of the b-tree instead.  A correct answer is obtained if this opcode
+** is omitted or is a no-op.
+**
+** The SeekGE.P3 and SeekGE.P4 operands identify an unpacked key which
+** is the desired entry that we want the cursor SeekGE.P1 to be pointing
+** to.  Call this SeekGE.P4/P5 row the "target".
+**
+** If the SeekGE.P1 cursor is not currently pointing to a valid row,
+** then this opcode is a no-op and control passes through into the OP_SeekGE.
+**
+** If the SeekGE.P1 cursor is pointing to a valid row, then that row
+** might be the target row, or it might be near and slightly before the
+** target row.  This opcode attempts to position the cursor on the target
+** row by, perhaps by invoking sqlite3BtreeStep() on the cursor
+** between 0 and This.P1 times.
+**
+** There are three possible outcomes from this opcode:<ol>
+**
+** <li> If after This.P1 steps, the cursor is still point to a place that
+**      is earlier in the btree than the target row,
+**      then fall through into the subsquence OP_SeekGE opcode.
+**
+** <li> If the cursor is successfully moved to the target row by 0 or more
+**      sqlite3BtreeNext() calls, then jump to This.P2, which will land just
+**      past the OP_IdxGT opcode that follows the OP_SeekGE.
+**
+** <li> If the cursor ends up past the target row (indicating the the target
+**      row does not exist in the btree) then jump to SeekOP.P2.
+** </ol>
+*/
+case OP_SeekScan: {
+  VdbeCursor *pC;
+  int res;
+  int nStep;
+  UnpackedRecord r;
+
+  assert( pOp[1].opcode==OP_SeekGE );
+
+  /* pOp->p2 points to the first instruction past the OP_IdxGT that
+  ** follows the OP_SeekGE.  */
+  assert( pOp->p2>=(int)(pOp-aOp)+2 );
+  assert( aOp[pOp->p2-1].opcode==OP_IdxGT );
+  assert( pOp[1].p1==aOp[pOp->p2-1].p1 );
+  assert( pOp[1].p2==aOp[pOp->p2-1].p2 );
+  assert( pOp[1].p3==aOp[pOp->p2-1].p3 );
+
+  assert( pOp->p1>0 );
+  pC = p->apCsr[pOp[1].p1];
+  assert( pC!=0 );
+  assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
+  assert( !pC->isTable );
+  if( !sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValidNN(pC->uc.pCursor) ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+     if( db->flags&SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){
+       printf("... cursor not valid - fall through\n");
+     }
+#endif
+    break;
+  }
+  nStep = pOp->p1;
+  assert( nStep>=1 );
+  r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
+  r.nField = (u16)pOp[1].p4.i;
+  r.default_rc = 0;
+  r.aMem = &aMem[pOp[1].p3];
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  {
+    int i;
+    for(i=0; i<r.nField; i++){
+      assert( memIsValid(&r.aMem[i]) );
+      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp[1].p3+i, &aMem[pOp[1].p3+i]);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  res = 0;  /* Not needed.  Only used to silence a warning. */
+  while(1){
+    rc = sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(db, pC, &r, &res);
+    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+    if( res>0 ){
+      seekscan_search_fail:
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+      if( db->flags&SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){
+        printf("... %d steps and then skip\n", pOp->p1 - nStep);
+      }
+#endif
+      VdbeBranchTaken(1,3);
+      pOp++;
+      goto jump_to_p2;
+    }
+    if( res==0 ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+      if( db->flags&SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){
+        printf("... %d steps and then success\n", pOp->p1 - nStep);
+      }
+#endif
+      VdbeBranchTaken(2,3);
+      goto jump_to_p2;
+      break;
+    }
+    if( nStep<=0 ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+      if( db->flags&SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){
+        printf("... fall through after %d steps\n", pOp->p1);
+      }
+#endif
+      VdbeBranchTaken(0,3);
+      break;
+    }
+    nStep--;
+    rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pC->uc.pCursor, 0);
+    if( rc ){
+      if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+        rc = SQLITE_OK;
+        goto seekscan_search_fail;
+      }else{
+        goto abort_due_to_error;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  break;
+}
+
+
+/* Opcode: SeekHit P1 P2 P3 * *
+** Synopsis: set P2<=seekHit<=P3
+**
+** Increase or decrease the seekHit value for cursor P1, if necessary,
+** so that it is no less than P2 and no greater than P3.
+**
+** The seekHit integer represents the maximum of terms in an index for which
+** there is known to be at least one match.  If the seekHit value is smaller
+** than the total number of equality terms in an index lookup, then the
+** OP_IfNoHope opcode might run to see if the IN loop can be abandoned
+** early, thus saving work.  This is part of the IN-early-out optimization.
+**
+** P1 must be a valid b-tree cursor.
 */
 case OP_SeekHit: {
   VdbeCursor *pC;
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
   assert( pC!=0 );
-  assert( pOp->p2==0 || pOp->p2==1 );
-  pC->seekHit = pOp->p2 & 1;
+  assert( pOp->p3>=pOp->p2 );
+  if( pC->seekHit<pOp->p2 ){
+    pC->seekHit = pOp->p2;
+  }else if( pC->seekHit>pOp->p3 ){
+    pC->seekHit = pOp->p3;
+  }
+  break;
+}
+
+/* Opcode: IfNotOpen P1 P2 * * *
+** Synopsis: if( !csr[P1] ) goto P2
+**
+** If cursor P1 is not open, jump to instruction P2. Otherwise, fall through.
+*/
+case OP_IfNotOpen: {        /* jump */
+  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
+  VdbeBranchTaken(p->apCsr[pOp->p1]==0, 2);
+  if( !p->apCsr[pOp->p1] ){
+    goto jump_to_p2_and_check_for_interrupt;
+  }
   break;
 }
 
@@ -86767,9 +90182,9 @@ case OP_SeekHit: {
 ** If P4==0 then register P3 holds a blob constructed by MakeRecord.  If
 ** P4>0 then register P3 is the first of P4 registers that form an unpacked
 ** record.
-** 
+**
 ** Cursor P1 is on an index btree.  If the record identified by P3 and P4
-** is not the prefix of any entry in P1 then a jump is made to P2.  If P1 
+** is not the prefix of any entry in P1 then a jump is made to P2.  If P1
 ** does contain an entry whose prefix matches the P3/P4 record then control
 ** falls through to the next instruction and P1 is left pointing at the
 ** matching entry.
@@ -86784,16 +90199,20 @@ case OP_SeekHit: {
 ** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
 **
 ** Register P3 is the first of P4 registers that form an unpacked
-** record.
+** record.  Cursor P1 is an index btree.  P2 is a jump destination.
+** In other words, the operands to this opcode are the same as the
+** operands to OP_NotFound and OP_IdxGT.
 **
-** Cursor P1 is on an index btree.  If the seekHit flag is set on P1, then
-** this opcode is a no-op.  But if the seekHit flag of P1 is clear, then
-** check to see if there is any entry in P1 that matches the
-** prefix identified by P3 and P4.  If no entry matches the prefix,
-** jump to P2.  Otherwise fall through.
+** This opcode is an optimization attempt only.  If this opcode always
+** falls through, the correct answer is still obtained, but extra works
+** is performed.
 **
-** This opcode behaves like OP_NotFound if the seekHit
-** flag is clear and it behaves like OP_Noop if the seekHit flag is set.
+** A value of N in the seekHit flag of cursor P1 means that there exists
+** a key P3:N that will match some record in the index.  We want to know
+** if it is possible for a record P3:P4 to match some record in the
+** index.  If it is not possible, we can skips some work.  So if seekHit
+** is less than P4, attempt to find out if a match is possible by running
+** OP_NotFound.
 **
 ** This opcode is used in IN clause processing for a multi-column key.
 ** If an IN clause is attached to an element of the key other than the
@@ -86813,7 +90232,7 @@ case OP_SeekHit: {
 ** If P4==0 then register P3 holds a blob constructed by MakeRecord.  If
 ** P4>0 then register P3 is the first of P4 registers that form an unpacked
 ** record.
-** 
+**
 ** Cursor P1 is on an index btree.  If the record identified by P3 and P4
 ** contains any NULL value, jump immediately to P2.  If all terms of the
 ** record are not-NULL then a check is done to determine if any row in the
@@ -86835,8 +90254,9 @@ case OP_IfNoHope: {     /* jump, in3 */
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
   assert( pC!=0 );
-  if( pC->seekHit ) break;
+  if( pC->seekHit>=pOp->p4.i ) break;
   /* Fall through into OP_NotFound */
+  /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
 }
 case OP_NoConflict:     /* jump, in3 */
 case OP_NotFound:       /* jump, in3 */
@@ -86916,6 +90336,7 @@ case OP_Found: {        /* jump, in3 */
   }else{
     VdbeBranchTaken(takeJump||alreadyExists==0,2);
     if( takeJump || !alreadyExists ) goto jump_to_p2;
+    if( pOp->opcode==OP_IfNoHope ) pC->seekHit = pOp->p4.i;
   }
   break;
 }
@@ -86925,9 +90346,9 @@ case OP_Found: {        /* jump, in3 */
 **
 ** P1 is the index of a cursor open on an SQL table btree (with integer
 ** keys).  If register P3 does not contain an integer or if P1 does not
-** contain a record with rowid P3 then jump immediately to P2.  
+** contain a record with rowid P3 then jump immediately to P2.
 ** Or, if P2 is 0, raise an SQLITE_CORRUPT error. If P1 does contain
-** a record with rowid P3 then 
+** a record with rowid P3 then
 ** leave the cursor pointing at that record and fall through to the next
 ** instruction.
 **
@@ -86950,7 +90371,7 @@ case OP_Found: {        /* jump, in3 */
 ** P1 is the index of a cursor open on an SQL table btree (with integer
 ** keys).  P3 is an integer rowid.  If P1 does not contain a record with
 ** rowid P3 then jump immediately to P2.  Or, if P2 is 0, raise an
-** SQLITE_CORRUPT error. If P1 does contain a record with rowid P3 then 
+** SQLITE_CORRUPT error. If P1 does contain a record with rowid P3 then
 ** leave the cursor pointing at that record and fall through to the next
 ** instruction.
 **
@@ -86974,34 +90395,40 @@ case OP_SeekRowid: {        /* jump, in3 */
   u64 iKey;
 
   pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
-    /* Make sure pIn3->u.i contains a valid integer representation of
-    ** the key value, but do not change the datatype of the register, as
-    ** other parts of the perpared statement might be depending on the
-    ** current datatype. */
-    u16 origFlags = pIn3->flags;
-    int isNotInt;
-    applyAffinity(pIn3, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, encoding);
-    isNotInt = (pIn3->flags & MEM_Int)==0;
-    pIn3->flags = origFlags;
-    if( isNotInt ) goto jump_to_p2;
+  testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );
+  testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_IntReal );
+  testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Real );
+  testcase( (pIn3->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Int))==MEM_Str );
+  if( (pIn3->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal))==0 ){
+    /* If pIn3->u.i does not contain an integer, compute iKey as the
+    ** integer value of pIn3.  Jump to P2 if pIn3 cannot be converted
+    ** into an integer without loss of information.  Take care to avoid
+    ** changing the datatype of pIn3, however, as it is used by other
+    ** parts of the prepared statement. */
+    Mem x = pIn3[0];
+    applyAffinity(&x, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, encoding);
+    if( (x.flags & MEM_Int)==0 ) goto jump_to_p2;
+    iKey = x.u.i;
+    goto notExistsWithKey;
   }
   /* Fall through into OP_NotExists */
+  /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
 case OP_NotExists:          /* jump, in3 */
   pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
   assert( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 || pOp->opcode==OP_SeekRowid );
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
+  iKey = pIn3->u.i;
+notExistsWithKey:
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
   assert( pC!=0 );
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  pC->seekOp = OP_SeekRowid;
+  if( pOp->opcode==OP_SeekRowid ) pC->seekOp = OP_SeekRowid;
 #endif
   assert( pC->isTable );
   assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
   pCrsr = pC->uc.pCursor;
   assert( pCrsr!=0 );
   res = 0;
-  iKey = pIn3->u.i;
   rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(pCrsr, 0, iKey, 0, &res);
   assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || res==0 );
   pC->movetoTarget = iKey;  /* Used by OP_Delete */
@@ -87028,7 +90455,7 @@ case OP_NotExists:          /* jump, in3 */
 ** Find the next available sequence number for cursor P1.
 ** Write the sequence number into register P2.
 ** The sequence number on the cursor is incremented after this
-** instruction.  
+** instruction.
 */
 case OP_Sequence: {           /* out2 */
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
@@ -87048,9 +90475,9 @@ case OP_Sequence: {           /* out2 */
 ** table that cursor P1 points to.  The new record number is written
 ** written to register P2.
 **
-** If P3>0 then P3 is a register in the root frame of this VDBE that holds 
+** If P3>0 then P3 is a register in the root frame of this VDBE that holds
 ** the largest previously generated record number. No new record numbers are
-** allowed to be less than this value. When this value reaches its maximum, 
+** allowed to be less than this value. When this value reaches its maximum,
 ** an SQLITE_FULL error is generated. The P3 register is updated with the '
 ** generated record number. This P3 mechanism is used to help implement the
 ** AUTOINCREMENT feature.
@@ -87199,8 +90626,8 @@ case OP_NewRowid: {           /* out2 */
 ** is part of an INSERT operation.  The difference is only important to
 ** the update hook.
 **
-** Parameter P4 may point to a Table structure, or may be NULL. If it is 
-** not NULL, then the update-hook (sqlite3.xUpdateCallback) is invoked 
+** Parameter P4 may point to a Table structure, or may be NULL. If it is
+** not NULL, then the update-hook (sqlite3.xUpdateCallback) is invoked
 ** following a successful insert.
 **
 ** (WARNING/TODO: If P1 is a pseudo-cursor and P2 is dynamically
@@ -87212,14 +90639,7 @@ case OP_NewRowid: {           /* out2 */
 ** This instruction only works on tables.  The equivalent instruction
 ** for indices is OP_IdxInsert.
 */
-/* Opcode: InsertInt P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: intkey=P3 data=r[P2]
-**
-** This works exactly like OP_Insert except that the key is the
-** integer value P3, not the value of the integer stored in register P3.
-*/
-case OP_Insert: 
-case OP_InsertInt: {
+case OP_Insert: {
   Mem *pData;       /* MEM cell holding data for the record to be inserted */
   Mem *pKey;        /* MEM cell holding key  for the record */
   VdbeCursor *pC;   /* Cursor to table into which insert is written */
@@ -87234,22 +90654,18 @@ case OP_InsertInt: {
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
   assert( pC!=0 );
   assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
+  assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
   assert( pC->uc.pCursor!=0 );
   assert( (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISNOOP) || pC->isTable );
   assert( pOp->p4type==P4_TABLE || pOp->p4type>=P4_STATIC );
   REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pData);
   sqlite3VdbeIncrWriteCounter(p, pC);
 
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Insert ){
-    pKey = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-    assert( pKey->flags & MEM_Int );
-    assert( memIsValid(pKey) );
-    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pKey);
-    x.nKey = pKey->u.i;
-  }else{
-    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_InsertInt );
-    x.nKey = pOp->p3;
-  }
+  pKey = &aMem[pOp->p3];
+  assert( pKey->flags & MEM_Int );
+  assert( memIsValid(pKey) );
+  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pKey);
+  x.nKey = pKey->u.i;
 
   if( pOp->p4type==P4_TABLE && HAS_UPDATE_HOOK(db) ){
     assert( pC->iDb>=0 );
@@ -87277,7 +90693,7 @@ case OP_InsertInt: {
 
   if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_NCHANGE ) p->nChange++;
   if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_LASTROWID ) db->lastRowid = x.nKey;
-  assert( pData->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str) );
+  assert( (pData->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str))!=0 || pData->n==0 );
   x.pData = pData->z;
   x.nData = pData->n;
   seekResult = ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT) ? pC->seekResult : 0);
@@ -87313,7 +90729,7 @@ case OP_InsertInt: {
 ** the cursor will be left pointing at  either the next or the previous
 ** record in the table. If it is left pointing at the next record, then
 ** the next Next instruction will be a no-op. As a result, in this case
-** it is ok to delete a record from within a Next loop. If 
+** it is ok to delete a record from within a Next loop. If
 ** OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION bit of P5 is clear, then the cursor will be
 ** left in an undefined state.
 **
@@ -87329,11 +90745,11 @@ case OP_InsertInt: {
 ** P1 must not be pseudo-table.  It has to be a real table with
 ** multiple rows.
 **
-** If P4 is not NULL then it points to a Table object. In this case either 
+** If P4 is not NULL then it points to a Table object. In this case either
 ** the update or pre-update hook, or both, may be invoked. The P1 cursor must
-** have been positioned using OP_NotFound prior to invoking this opcode in 
-** this case. Specifically, if one is configured, the pre-update hook is 
-** invoked if P4 is not NULL. The update-hook is invoked if one is configured, 
+** have been positioned using OP_NotFound prior to invoking this opcode in
+** this case. Specifically, if one is configured, the pre-update hook is
+** invoked if P4 is not NULL. The update-hook is invoked if one is configured,
 ** P4 is not NULL, and the OPFLAG_NCHANGE flag is set in P2.
 **
 ** If the OPFLAG_ISUPDATE flag is set in P2, then P3 contains the address
@@ -87356,19 +90772,23 @@ case OP_Delete: {
   sqlite3VdbeIncrWriteCounter(p, pC);
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  if( pOp->p4type==P4_TABLE && HasRowid(pOp->p4.pTab) && pOp->p5==0 ){
+  if( pOp->p4type==P4_TABLE
+   && HasRowid(pOp->p4.pTab)
+   && pOp->p5==0
+   && sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValidNN(pC->uc.pCursor)
+  ){
     /* If p5 is zero, the seek operation that positioned the cursor prior to
     ** OP_Delete will have also set the pC->movetoTarget field to the rowid of
     ** the row that is being deleted */
     i64 iKey = sqlite3BtreeIntegerKey(pC->uc.pCursor);
-    assert( pC->movetoTarget==iKey );
+    assert( CORRUPT_DB || pC->movetoTarget==iKey );
   }
 #endif
 
   /* If the update-hook or pre-update-hook will be invoked, set zDb to
   ** the name of the db to pass as to it. Also set local pTab to a copy
   ** of p4.pTab. Finally, if p5 is true, indicating that this cursor was
-  ** last moved with OP_Next or OP_Prev, not Seek or NotFound, set 
+  ** last moved with OP_Next or OP_Prev, not Seek or NotFound, set
   ** VdbeCursor.movetoTarget to the current rowid.  */
   if( pOp->p4type==P4_TABLE && HAS_UPDATE_HOOK(db) ){
     assert( pC->iDb>=0 );
@@ -87386,20 +90806,20 @@ case OP_Delete: {
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
   /* Invoke the pre-update-hook if required. */
   if( db->xPreUpdateCallback && pOp->p4.pTab ){
-    assert( !(opflags & OPFLAG_ISUPDATE) 
-         || HasRowid(pTab)==0 
-         || (aMem[pOp->p3].flags & MEM_Int) 
+    assert( !(opflags & OPFLAG_ISUPDATE)
+         || HasRowid(pTab)==0
+         || (aMem[pOp->p3].flags & MEM_Int)
     );
     sqlite3VdbePreUpdateHook(p, pC,
-        (opflags & OPFLAG_ISUPDATE) ? SQLITE_UPDATE : SQLITE_DELETE, 
+        (opflags & OPFLAG_ISUPDATE) ? SQLITE_UPDATE : SQLITE_DELETE,
         zDb, pTab, pC->movetoTarget,
         pOp->p3
     );
   }
   if( opflags & OPFLAG_ISNOOP ) break;
 #endif
- 
-  /* Only flags that can be set are SAVEPOISTION and AUXDELETE */ 
+
+  /* Only flags that can be set are SAVEPOISTION and AUXDELETE */
   assert( (pOp->p5 & ~(OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION|OPFLAG_AUXDELETE))==0 );
   assert( OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION==BTREE_SAVEPOSITION );
   assert( OPFLAG_AUXDELETE==BTREE_AUXDELETE );
@@ -87452,7 +90872,7 @@ case OP_ResetCount: {
 ** Synopsis: if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2
 **
 ** P1 is a sorter cursor. This instruction compares a prefix of the
-** record blob in register P3 against a prefix of the entry that 
+** record blob in register P3 against a prefix of the entry that
 ** the sorter cursor currently points to.  Only the first P4 fields
 ** of r[P3] and the sorter record are compared.
 **
@@ -87510,10 +90930,10 @@ case OP_SorterData: {
 /* Opcode: RowData P1 P2 P3 * *
 ** Synopsis: r[P2]=data
 **
-** Write into register P2 the complete row content for the row at 
+** Write into register P2 the complete row content for the row at
 ** which cursor P1 is currently pointing.
-** There is no interpretation of the data.  
-** It is just copied onto the P2 register exactly as 
+** There is no interpretation of the data.
+** It is just copied onto the P2 register exactly as
 ** it is found in the database file.
 **
 ** If cursor P1 is an index, then the content is the key of the row.
@@ -87561,17 +90981,13 @@ case OP_RowData: {
   */
   assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
   assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCrsr) );
-#if 0  /* Not required due to the previous to assert() statements */
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(pC);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-#endif
 
   n = sqlite3BtreePayloadSize(pCrsr);
   if( n>(u32)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
     goto too_big;
   }
   testcase( n==0 );
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(pCrsr, 0, n, pOut);
+  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtreeZeroOffset(pCrsr, n, pOut);
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
   if( !pOp->p3 ) Deephemeralize(pOut);
   UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
@@ -87666,7 +91082,7 @@ case OP_NullRow: {
 */
 /* Opcode: Last P1 P2 * * *
 **
-** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Prev instruction for P1 
+** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Prev instruction for P1
 ** will refer to the last entry in the database table or index.
 ** If the table or index is empty and P2>0, then jump immediately to P2.
 ** If P2 is 0 or if the table or index is not empty, fall through
@@ -87768,19 +91184,16 @@ case OP_Sort: {        /* jump */
 #endif
   p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]++;
   /* Fall through into OP_Rewind */
+  /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
 }
-/* Opcode: Rewind P1 P2 * * P5
+/* Opcode: Rewind P1 P2 * * *
 **
-** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Next instruction for P1 
+** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Next instruction for P1
 ** will refer to the first entry in the database table or index.
 ** If the table or index is empty, jump immediately to P2.
-** If the table or index is not empty, fall through to the following 
+** If the table or index is not empty, fall through to the following
 ** instruction.
 **
-** If P5 is non-zero and the table is not empty, then the "skip-next"
-** flag is set on the cursor so that the next OP_Next instruction 
-** executed on it is a no-op.
-**
 ** This opcode leaves the cursor configured to move in forward order,
 ** from the beginning toward the end.  In other words, the cursor is
 ** configured to use Next, not Prev.
@@ -87791,6 +91204,7 @@ case OP_Rewind: {        /* jump */
   int res;
 
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
+  assert( pOp->p5==0 );
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
   assert( pC!=0 );
   assert( isSorter(pC)==(pOp->opcode==OP_SorterSort) );
@@ -87805,9 +91219,6 @@ case OP_Rewind: {        /* jump */
     pCrsr = pC->uc.pCursor;
     assert( pCrsr );
     rc = sqlite3BtreeFirst(pCrsr, &res);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-    if( pOp->p5 ) sqlite3BtreeSkipNext(pCrsr);
-#endif
     pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
     pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
   }
@@ -87901,11 +91312,12 @@ case OP_Next:          /* jump */
   ** The Prev opcode is only used after SeekLT, SeekLE, and Last. */
   assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Next
        || pC->seekOp==OP_SeekGT || pC->seekOp==OP_SeekGE
-       || pC->seekOp==OP_Rewind || pC->seekOp==OP_Found 
-       || pC->seekOp==OP_NullRow);
+       || pC->seekOp==OP_Rewind || pC->seekOp==OP_Found
+       || pC->seekOp==OP_NullRow|| pC->seekOp==OP_SeekRowid
+       || pC->seekOp==OP_IfNoHope);
   assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Prev
        || pC->seekOp==OP_SeekLT || pC->seekOp==OP_SeekLE
-       || pC->seekOp==OP_Last 
+       || pC->seekOp==OP_Last   || pC->seekOp==OP_IfNoHope
        || pC->seekOp==OP_NullRow);
 
   rc = pOp->p4.xAdvance(pC->uc.pCursor, pOp->p3);
@@ -87949,11 +91361,41 @@ next_tail:
 ** run faster by avoiding an unnecessary seek on cursor P1.  However,
 ** the OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT flag must only be set if there have been no prior
 ** seeks on the cursor or if the most recent seek used a key equivalent
-** to P2. 
+** to P2.
 **
 ** This instruction only works for indices.  The equivalent instruction
 ** for tables is OP_Insert.
 */
+case OP_IdxInsert: {        /* in2 */
+  VdbeCursor *pC;
+  BtreePayload x;
+
+  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
+  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
+  sqlite3VdbeIncrWriteCounter(p, pC);
+  assert( pC!=0 );
+  assert( !isSorter(pC) );
+  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
+  assert( pIn2->flags & MEM_Blob );
+  if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_NCHANGE ) p->nChange++;
+  assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
+  assert( pC->isTable==0 );
+  rc = ExpandBlob(pIn2);
+  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+  x.nKey = pIn2->n;
+  x.pKey = pIn2->z;
+  x.aMem = aMem + pOp->p3;
+  x.nMem = (u16)pOp->p4.i;
+  rc = sqlite3BtreeInsert(pC->uc.pCursor, &x,
+       (pOp->p5 & (OPFLAG_APPEND|OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION)),
+      ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT) ? pC->seekResult : 0)
+      );
+  assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
+  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
+  if( rc) goto abort_due_to_error;
+  break;
+}
+
 /* Opcode: SorterInsert P1 P2 * * *
 ** Synopsis: key=r[P2]
 **
@@ -87961,47 +91403,37 @@ next_tail:
 ** MakeRecord instructions.  This opcode writes that key
 ** into the sorter P1.  Data for the entry is nil.
 */
-case OP_SorterInsert:       /* in2 */
-case OP_IdxInsert: {        /* in2 */
+case OP_SorterInsert: {     /* in2 */
   VdbeCursor *pC;
-  BtreePayload x;
 
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
   sqlite3VdbeIncrWriteCounter(p, pC);
   assert( pC!=0 );
-  assert( isSorter(pC)==(pOp->opcode==OP_SorterInsert) );
+  assert( isSorter(pC) );
   pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
   assert( pIn2->flags & MEM_Blob );
-  if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_NCHANGE ) p->nChange++;
-  assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE || pOp->opcode==OP_SorterInsert );
   assert( pC->isTable==0 );
   rc = ExpandBlob(pIn2);
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_SorterInsert ){
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(pC, pIn2);
-  }else{
-    x.nKey = pIn2->n;
-    x.pKey = pIn2->z;
-    x.aMem = aMem + pOp->p3;
-    x.nMem = (u16)pOp->p4.i;
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeInsert(pC->uc.pCursor, &x,
-         (pOp->p5 & (OPFLAG_APPEND|OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION)), 
-        ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT) ? pC->seekResult : 0)
-        );
-    assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-    pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  }
+  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(pC, pIn2);
   if( rc) goto abort_due_to_error;
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: IdxDelete P1 P2 P3 * *
+/* Opcode: IdxDelete P1 P2 P3 * P5
 ** Synopsis: key=r[P2@P3]
 **
 ** The content of P3 registers starting at register P2 form
-** an unpacked index key. This opcode removes that entry from the 
+** an unpacked index key. This opcode removes that entry from the
 ** index opened by cursor P1.
+**
+** If P5 is not zero, then raise an SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX error
+** if no matching index entry is found.  This happens when running
+** an UPDATE or DELETE statement and the index entry to be updated
+** or deleted is not found.  For some uses of IdxDelete
+** (example:  the EXCEPT operator) it does not matter that no matching
+** entry is found.  For those cases, P5 is zero.
 */
 case OP_IdxDelete: {
   VdbeCursor *pC;
@@ -88018,7 +91450,6 @@ case OP_IdxDelete: {
   sqlite3VdbeIncrWriteCounter(p, pC);
   pCrsr = pC->uc.pCursor;
   assert( pCrsr!=0 );
-  assert( pOp->p5==0 );
   r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
   r.nField = (u16)pOp->p3;
   r.default_rc = 0;
@@ -88028,6 +91459,9 @@ case OP_IdxDelete: {
   if( res==0 ){
     rc = sqlite3BtreeDelete(pCrsr, BTREE_AUXDELETE);
     if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+  }else if( pOp->p5 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX;
+    goto abort_due_to_error;
   }
   assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
   pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
@@ -88048,8 +91482,8 @@ case OP_IdxDelete: {
 **
 ** P4 may be an array of integers (type P4_INTARRAY) containing
 ** one entry for each column in the P3 table.  If array entry a(i)
-** is non-zero, then reading column a(i)-1 from cursor P3 is 
-** equivalent to performing the deferred seek and then reading column i 
+** is non-zero, then reading column a(i)-1 from cursor P3 is
+** equivalent to performing the deferred seek and then reading column i
 ** from P1.  This information is stored in P3 and used to redirect
 ** reads against P3 over to P1, thus possibly avoiding the need to
 ** seek and read cursor P3.
@@ -88117,32 +91551,50 @@ case OP_IdxRowid: {           /* out2 */
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: IdxGE P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
+/* Opcode: FinishSeek P1 * * * *
+**
+** If cursor P1 was previously moved via OP_DeferredSeek, complete that
+** seek operation now, without further delay.  If the cursor seek has
+** already occurred, this instruction is a no-op.
+*/
+case OP_FinishSeek: {
+  VdbeCursor *pC;             /* The P1 index cursor */
+
+  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
+  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
+  if( pC->deferredMoveto ){
+    rc = sqlite3VdbeFinishMoveto(pC);
+    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+  }
+  break;
+}
+
+/* Opcode: IdxGE P1 P2 P3 P4 *
 ** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
 **
-** The P4 register values beginning with P3 form an unpacked index 
-** key that omits the PRIMARY KEY.  Compare this key value against the index 
-** that P1 is currently pointing to, ignoring the PRIMARY KEY or ROWID 
+** The P4 register values beginning with P3 form an unpacked index
+** key that omits the PRIMARY KEY.  Compare this key value against the index
+** that P1 is currently pointing to, ignoring the PRIMARY KEY or ROWID
 ** fields at the end.
 **
 ** If the P1 index entry is greater than or equal to the key value
 ** then jump to P2.  Otherwise fall through to the next instruction.
 */
-/* Opcode: IdxGT P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
+/* Opcode: IdxGT P1 P2 P3 P4 *
 ** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
 **
-** The P4 register values beginning with P3 form an unpacked index 
-** key that omits the PRIMARY KEY.  Compare this key value against the index 
-** that P1 is currently pointing to, ignoring the PRIMARY KEY or ROWID 
+** The P4 register values beginning with P3 form an unpacked index
+** key that omits the PRIMARY KEY.  Compare this key value against the index
+** that P1 is currently pointing to, ignoring the PRIMARY KEY or ROWID
 ** fields at the end.
 **
 ** If the P1 index entry is greater than the key value
 ** then jump to P2.  Otherwise fall through to the next instruction.
 */
-/* Opcode: IdxLT P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
+/* Opcode: IdxLT P1 P2 P3 P4 *
 ** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
 **
-** The P4 register values beginning with P3 form an unpacked index 
+** The P4 register values beginning with P3 form an unpacked index
 ** key that omits the PRIMARY KEY or ROWID.  Compare this key value against
 ** the index that P1 is currently pointing to, ignoring the PRIMARY KEY or
 ** ROWID on the P1 index.
@@ -88150,10 +91602,10 @@ case OP_IdxRowid: {           /* out2 */
 ** If the P1 index entry is less than the key value then jump to P2.
 ** Otherwise fall through to the next instruction.
 */
-/* Opcode: IdxLE P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
+/* Opcode: IdxLE P1 P2 P3 P4 *
 ** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
 **
-** The P4 register values beginning with P3 form an unpacked index 
+** The P4 register values beginning with P3 form an unpacked index
 ** key that omits the PRIMARY KEY or ROWID.  Compare this key value against
 ** the index that P1 is currently pointing to, ignoring the PRIMARY KEY or
 ** ROWID on the P1 index.
@@ -88176,7 +91628,6 @@ case OP_IdxGE:  {       /* jump */
   assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
   assert( pC->uc.pCursor!=0);
   assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
-  assert( pOp->p5==0 || pOp->p5==1 );
   assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
   r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
   r.nField = (u16)pOp->p4.i;
@@ -88197,8 +91648,31 @@ case OP_IdxGE:  {       /* jump */
     }
   }
 #endif
-  res = 0;  /* Not needed.  Only used to silence a warning. */
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(db, pC, &r, &res);
+
+  /* Inlined version of sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare() */
+  {
+    i64 nCellKey = 0;
+    BtCursor *pCur;
+    Mem m;
+
+    assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
+    pCur = pC->uc.pCursor;
+    assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCur) );
+    nCellKey = sqlite3BtreePayloadSize(pCur);
+    /* nCellKey will always be between 0 and 0xffffffff because of the way
+    ** that btreeParseCellPtr() and sqlite3GetVarint32() are implemented */
+    if( nCellKey<=0 || nCellKey>0x7fffffff ){
+      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      goto abort_due_to_error;
+    }
+    sqlite3VdbeMemInit(&m, db, 0);
+    rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtreeZeroOffset(pCur, (u32)nCellKey, &m);
+    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+    res = sqlite3VdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(m.n, m.z, &r, 0);
+    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&m);
+  }
+  /* End of inlined sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare() */
+
   assert( (OP_IdxLE&1)==(OP_IdxLT&1) && (OP_IdxGE&1)==(OP_IdxGT&1) );
   if( (pOp->opcode&1)==(OP_IdxLT&1) ){
     assert( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxLE || pOp->opcode==OP_IdxLT );
@@ -88208,7 +91682,7 @@ case OP_IdxGE:  {       /* jump */
     res++;
   }
   VdbeBranchTaken(res>0,2);
-  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
   if( res>0 ) goto jump_to_p2;
   break;
 }
@@ -88227,15 +91701,15 @@ case OP_IdxGE:  {       /* jump */
 ** root pages contiguous at the beginning of the database.  The former
 ** value of the root page that moved - its value before the move occurred -
 ** is stored in register P2. If no page movement was required (because the
-** table being dropped was already the last one in the database) then a 
-** zero is stored in register P2.  If AUTOVACUUM is disabled then a zero 
+** table being dropped was already the last one in the database) then a
+** zero is stored in register P2.  If AUTOVACUUM is disabled then a zero
 ** is stored in register P2.
 **
 ** This opcode throws an error if there are any active reader VMs when
-** it is invoked. This is done to avoid the difficulty associated with 
-** updating existing cursors when a root page is moved in an AUTOVACUUM 
-** database. This error is thrown even if the database is not an AUTOVACUUM 
-** db in order to avoid introducing an incompatibility between autovacuum 
+** it is invoked. This is done to avoid the difficulty associated with
+** updating existing cursors when a root page is moved in an AUTOVACUUM
+** database. This error is thrown even if the database is not an AUTOVACUUM
+** db in order to avoid introducing an incompatibility between autovacuum
 ** and non-autovacuum modes.
 **
 ** See also: Clear
@@ -88284,8 +91758,8 @@ case OP_Destroy: {     /* out2 */
 ** that is used to store tables create using CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE.
 **
 ** If the P3 value is non-zero, then the table referred to must be an
-** intkey table (an SQL table, not an index). In this case the row change 
-** count is incremented by the number of rows in the table being cleared. 
+** intkey table (an SQL table, not an index). In this case the row change
+** count is incremented by the number of rows in the table being cleared.
 ** If P3 is greater than zero, then the value stored in register P3 is
 ** also incremented by the number of rows in the table being cleared.
 **
@@ -88293,13 +91767,13 @@ case OP_Destroy: {     /* out2 */
 */
 case OP_Clear: {
   int nChange;
- 
+
   sqlite3VdbeIncrWriteCounter(p, 0);
   nChange = 0;
   assert( p->readOnly==0 );
   assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, pOp->p2) );
   rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTable(
-      db->aDb[pOp->p2].pBt, pOp->p1, (pOp->p3 ? &nChange : 0)
+      db->aDb[pOp->p2].pBt, (u32)pOp->p1, (pOp->p3 ? &nChange : 0)
   );
   if( pOp->p3 ){
     p->nChange += nChange;
@@ -88323,7 +91797,7 @@ case OP_Clear: {
 */
 case OP_ResetSorter: {
   VdbeCursor *pC;
- 
+
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
   assert( pC!=0 );
@@ -88348,7 +91822,7 @@ case OP_ResetSorter: {
 ** The root page number of the new b-tree is stored in register P2.
 */
 case OP_CreateBtree: {          /* out2 */
-  int pgno;
+  Pgno pgno;
   Db *pDb;
 
   sqlite3VdbeIncrWriteCounter(p, 0);
@@ -88381,7 +91855,7 @@ case OP_SqlExec: {
 
 /* Opcode: ParseSchema P1 * * P4 *
 **
-** Read and parse all entries from the SQLITE_MASTER table of database P1
+** Read and parse all entries from the schema table of database P1
 ** that match the WHERE clause P4.  If P4 is a NULL pointer, then the
 ** entire schema for P1 is reparsed.
 **
@@ -88390,12 +91864,12 @@ case OP_SqlExec: {
 */
 case OP_ParseSchema: {
   int iDb;
-  const char *zMaster;
+  const char *zSchema;
   char *zSql;
   InitData initData;
 
   /* Any prepared statement that invokes this opcode will hold mutexes
-  ** on every btree.  This is a prerequisite for invoking 
+  ** on every btree.  This is a prerequisite for invoking
   ** sqlite3InitCallback().
   */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
@@ -88418,23 +91892,31 @@ case OP_ParseSchema: {
   }else
 #endif
   {
-    zMaster = MASTER_NAME;
+    zSchema = DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE;
     initData.db = db;
-    initData.iDb = pOp->p1;
+    initData.iDb = iDb;
     initData.pzErrMsg = &p->zErrMsg;
     initData.mInitFlags = 0;
+    initData.mxPage = sqlite3BtreeLastPage(db->aDb[iDb].pBt);
     zSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db,
-       "SELECT name, rootpage, sql FROM '%q'.%s WHERE %s ORDER BY rowid",
-       db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, zMaster, pOp->p4.z);
+       "SELECT*FROM\"%w\".%s WHERE %s ORDER BY rowid",
+       db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, zSchema, pOp->p4.z);
     if( zSql==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
     }else{
       assert( db->init.busy==0 );
       db->init.busy = 1;
       initData.rc = SQLITE_OK;
+      initData.nInitRow = 0;
       assert( !db->mallocFailed );
       rc = sqlite3_exec(db, zSql, sqlite3InitCallback, &initData, 0);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = initData.rc;
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && initData.nInitRow==0 ){
+        /* The OP_ParseSchema opcode with a non-NULL P4 argument should parse
+        ** at least one SQL statement. Any less than that indicates that
+        ** the sqlite_schema table is corrupt. */
+        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      }
       sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, zSql);
       db->init.busy = 0;
     }
@@ -88446,7 +91928,7 @@ case OP_ParseSchema: {
     }
     goto abort_due_to_error;
   }
-  break;  
+  break;
 }
 
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE)
@@ -88460,7 +91942,7 @@ case OP_LoadAnalysis: {
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
   rc = sqlite3AnalysisLoad(db, pOp->p1);
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-  break;  
+  break;
 }
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE) */
 
@@ -88468,7 +91950,7 @@ case OP_LoadAnalysis: {
 **
 ** Remove the internal (in-memory) data structures that describe
 ** the table named P4 in database P1.  This is called after a table
-** is dropped from disk (using the Destroy opcode) in order to keep 
+** is dropped from disk (using the Destroy opcode) in order to keep
 ** the internal representation of the
 ** schema consistent with what is on disk.
 */
@@ -88496,7 +91978,7 @@ case OP_DropIndex: {
 **
 ** Remove the internal (in-memory) data structures that describe
 ** the trigger named P4 in database P1.  This is called after a trigger
-** is dropped from disk (using the Destroy opcode) in order to keep 
+** is dropped from disk (using the Destroy opcode) in order to keep
 ** the internal representation of the
 ** schema consistent with what is on disk.
 */
@@ -88516,7 +91998,7 @@ case OP_DropTrigger: {
 **
 ** The register P3 contains one less than the maximum number of allowed errors.
 ** At most reg(P3) errors will be reported.
-** In other words, the analysis stops as soon as reg(P1) errors are 
+** In other words, the analysis stops as soon as reg(P1) errors are
 ** seen.  Reg(P1) is updated with the number of errors remaining.
 **
 ** The root page numbers of all tables in the database are integers
@@ -88529,7 +92011,7 @@ case OP_DropTrigger: {
 */
 case OP_IntegrityCk: {
   int nRoot;      /* Number of tables to check.  (Number of root pages.) */
-  int *aRoot;     /* Array of rootpage numbers for tables to be checked */
+  Pgno *aRoot;    /* Array of rootpage numbers for tables to be checked */
   int nErr;       /* Number of errors reported */
   char *z;        /* Text of the error report */
   Mem *pnErr;     /* Register keeping track of errors remaining */
@@ -88538,7 +92020,7 @@ case OP_IntegrityCk: {
   nRoot = pOp->p2;
   aRoot = pOp->p4.ai;
   assert( nRoot>0 );
-  assert( aRoot[0]==nRoot );
+  assert( aRoot[0]==(Pgno)nRoot );
   assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
   pnErr = &aMem[pOp->p3];
   assert( (pnErr->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
@@ -88546,7 +92028,7 @@ case OP_IntegrityCk: {
   pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
   assert( pOp->p5<db->nDb );
   assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, pOp->p5) );
-  z = sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(db->aDb[pOp->p5].pBt, &aRoot[1], nRoot,
+  z = sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(db, db->aDb[pOp->p5].pBt, &aRoot[1], nRoot,
                                  (int)pnErr->u.i+1, &nErr);
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pIn1);
   if( nErr==0 ){
@@ -88559,7 +92041,7 @@ case OP_IntegrityCk: {
   }
   UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pIn1);
   sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pIn1, encoding);
-  break;
+  goto check_for_interrupt;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */
 
@@ -88596,7 +92078,7 @@ case OP_RowSetRead: {       /* jump, in1, out3 */
 
   pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
   assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Blob)==0 || sqlite3VdbeMemIsRowSet(pIn1) );
-  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Blob)==0 
+  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Blob)==0
    || sqlite3RowSetNext((RowSet*)pIn1->z, &val)==0
   ){
     /* The boolean index is empty */
@@ -88668,13 +92150,13 @@ case OP_RowSetTest: {                     /* jump, in1, in3 */
 
 /* Opcode: Program P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
 **
-** Execute the trigger program passed as P4 (type P4_SUBPROGRAM). 
+** Execute the trigger program passed as P4 (type P4_SUBPROGRAM).
 **
-** P1 contains the address of the memory cell that contains the first memory 
-** cell in an array of values used as arguments to the sub-program. P2 
-** contains the address to jump to if the sub-program throws an IGNORE 
-** exception using the RAISE() function. Register P3 contains the address 
-** of a memory cell in this (the parent) VM that is used to allocate the 
+** P1 contains the address of the memory cell that contains the first memory
+** cell in an array of values used as arguments to the sub-program. P2
+** contains the address to jump to if the sub-program throws an IGNORE
+** exception using the RAISE() function. Register P3 contains the address
+** of a memory cell in this (the parent) VM that is used to allocate the
 ** memory required by the sub-vdbe at runtime.
 **
 ** P4 is a pointer to the VM containing the trigger program.
@@ -88694,17 +92176,17 @@ case OP_Program: {        /* jump */
   pProgram = pOp->p4.pProgram;
   pRt = &aMem[pOp->p3];
   assert( pProgram->nOp>0 );
-  
-  /* If the p5 flag is clear, then recursive invocation of triggers is 
+
+  /* If the p5 flag is clear, then recursive invocation of triggers is
   ** disabled for backwards compatibility (p5 is set if this sub-program
   ** is really a trigger, not a foreign key action, and the flag set
   ** and cleared by the "PRAGMA recursive_triggers" command is clear).
-  ** 
-  ** It is recursive invocation of triggers, at the SQL level, that is 
-  ** disabled. In some cases a single trigger may generate more than one 
-  ** SubProgram (if the trigger may be executed with more than one different 
+  **
+  ** It is recursive invocation of triggers, at the SQL level, that is
+  ** disabled. In some cases a single trigger may generate more than one
+  ** SubProgram (if the trigger may be executed with more than one different
   ** ON CONFLICT algorithm). SubProgram structures associated with a
-  ** single trigger all have the same value for the SubProgram.token 
+  ** single trigger all have the same value for the SubProgram.token
   ** variable.  */
   if( pOp->p5 ){
     t = pProgram->token;
@@ -88720,10 +92202,10 @@ case OP_Program: {        /* jump */
 
   /* Register pRt is used to store the memory required to save the state
   ** of the current program, and the memory required at runtime to execute
-  ** the trigger program. If this trigger has been fired before, then pRt 
+  ** the trigger program. If this trigger has been fired before, then pRt
   ** is already allocated. Otherwise, it must be initialized.  */
   if( (pRt->flags&MEM_Blob)==0 ){
-    /* SubProgram.nMem is set to the number of memory cells used by the 
+    /* SubProgram.nMem is set to the number of memory cells used by the
     ** program stored in SubProgram.aOp. As well as these, one memory
     ** cell is required for each cursor used by the program. Set local
     ** variable nMem (and later, VdbeFrame.nChildMem) to this value.
@@ -88771,7 +92253,7 @@ case OP_Program: {        /* jump */
   }else{
     pFrame = (VdbeFrame*)pRt->z;
     assert( pRt->xDel==sqlite3VdbeFrameMemDel );
-    assert( pProgram->nMem+pProgram->nCsr==pFrame->nChildMem 
+    assert( pProgram->nMem+pProgram->nCsr==pFrame->nChildMem
         || (pProgram->nCsr==0 && pProgram->nMem+1==pFrame->nChildMem) );
     assert( pProgram->nCsr==pFrame->nChildCsr );
     assert( (int)(pOp - aOp)==pFrame->pc );
@@ -88797,18 +92279,28 @@ case OP_Program: {        /* jump */
   p->nOp = pProgram->nOp;
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
   p->anExec = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  /* Verify that second and subsequent executions of the same trigger do not
+  ** try to reuse register values from the first use. */
+  {
+    int i;
+    for(i=0; i<p->nMem; i++){
+      aMem[i].pScopyFrom = 0;  /* Prevent false-positive AboutToChange() errs */
+      MemSetTypeFlag(&aMem[i], MEM_Undefined); /* Fault if this reg is reused */
+    }
+  }
 #endif
   pOp = &aOp[-1];
-
-  break;
+  goto check_for_interrupt;
 }
 
 /* Opcode: Param P1 P2 * * *
 **
-** This opcode is only ever present in sub-programs called via the 
-** OP_Program instruction. Copy a value currently stored in a memory 
-** cell of the calling (parent) frame to cell P2 in the current frames 
-** address space. This is used by trigger programs to access the new.* 
+** This opcode is only ever present in sub-programs called via the
+** OP_Program instruction. Copy a value currently stored in a memory
+** cell of the calling (parent) frame to cell P2 in the current frames
+** address space. This is used by trigger programs to access the new.*
 ** and old.* values.
 **
 ** The address of the cell in the parent frame is determined by adding
@@ -88820,7 +92312,7 @@ case OP_Param: {           /* out2 */
   Mem *pIn;
   pOut = out2Prerelease(p, pOp);
   pFrame = p->pFrame;
-  pIn = &pFrame->aMem[pOp->p1 + pFrame->aOp[pFrame->pc].p1];   
+  pIn = &pFrame->aMem[pOp->p1 + pFrame->aOp[pFrame->pc].p1];
   sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn, MEM_Ephem);
   break;
 }
@@ -88832,8 +92324,8 @@ case OP_Param: {           /* out2 */
 ** Synopsis: fkctr[P1]+=P2
 **
 ** Increment a "constraint counter" by P2 (P2 may be negative or positive).
-** If P1 is non-zero, the database constraint counter is incremented 
-** (deferred foreign key constraints). Otherwise, if P1 is zero, the 
+** If P1 is non-zero, the database constraint counter is incremented
+** (deferred foreign key constraints). Otherwise, if P1 is zero, the
 ** statement counter is incremented (immediate foreign key constraints).
 */
 case OP_FkCounter: {
@@ -88851,7 +92343,7 @@ case OP_FkCounter: {
 ** Synopsis: if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2
 **
 ** This opcode tests if a foreign key constraint-counter is currently zero.
-** If so, jump to instruction P2. Otherwise, fall through to the next 
+** If so, jump to instruction P2. Otherwise, fall through to the next
 ** instruction.
 **
 ** If P1 is non-zero, then the jump is taken if the database constraint-counter
@@ -88877,7 +92369,7 @@ case OP_FkIfZero: {         /* jump */
 **
 ** P1 is a register in the root frame of this VM (the root frame is
 ** different from the current frame if this instruction is being executed
-** within a sub-program). Set the value of register P1 to the maximum of 
+** within a sub-program). Set the value of register P1 to the maximum of
 ** its current value and the value in register P2.
 **
 ** This instruction throws an error if the memory cell is not initially
@@ -88937,7 +92429,7 @@ case OP_IfPos: {        /* jump, in1 */
 ** and r[P2] is set to be the value of the LIMIT, r[P1].
 **
 ** if r[P1] is zero or negative, that means there is no LIMIT
-** and r[P2] is set to -1. 
+** and r[P2] is set to -1.
 **
 ** Otherwise, r[P2] is set to the sum of r[P1] and r[P3].
 */
@@ -88969,7 +92461,7 @@ case OP_OffsetLimit: {    /* in1, out2, in3 */
 **
 ** Register P1 must contain an integer.  If the content of register P1 is
 ** initially greater than zero, then decrement the value in register P1.
-** If it is non-zero (negative or positive) and then also jump to P2.  
+** If it is non-zero (negative or positive) and then also jump to P2.
 ** If register P1 is initially zero, leave it unchanged and fall through.
 */
 case OP_IfNotZero: {        /* jump, in1 */
@@ -89003,7 +92495,7 @@ case OP_DecrJumpZero: {      /* jump, in1 */
 ** Synopsis: accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])
 **
 ** Execute the xStep function for an aggregate.
-** The function has P5 arguments.  P4 is a pointer to the 
+** The function has P5 arguments.  P4 is a pointer to the
 ** FuncDef structure that specifies the function.  Register P3 is the
 ** accumulator.
 **
@@ -89014,7 +92506,7 @@ case OP_DecrJumpZero: {      /* jump, in1 */
 ** Synopsis: accum=r[P3] inverse(r[P2@P5])
 **
 ** Execute the xInverse function for an aggregate.
-** The function has P5 arguments.  P4 is a pointer to the 
+** The function has P5 arguments.  P4 is a pointer to the
 ** FuncDef structure that specifies the function.  Register P3 is the
 ** accumulator.
 **
@@ -89025,7 +92517,7 @@ case OP_DecrJumpZero: {      /* jump, in1 */
 ** Synopsis: accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])
 **
 ** Execute the xStep (if P1==0) or xInverse (if P1!=0) function for an
-** aggregate.  The function has P5 arguments.  P4 is a pointer to the 
+** aggregate.  The function has P5 arguments.  P4 is a pointer to the
 ** FuncDef structure that specifies the function.  Register P3 is the
 ** accumulator.
 **
@@ -89068,6 +92560,7 @@ case OP_AggStep: {
 
   pOp->opcode = OP_AggStep1;
   /* Fall through into OP_AggStep */
+  /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
 }
 case OP_AggStep1: {
   int i;
@@ -89141,7 +92634,7 @@ case OP_AggStep1: {
 ** Synopsis: accum=r[P1] N=P2
 **
 ** P1 is the memory location that is the accumulator for an aggregate
-** or window function.  Execute the finalizer function 
+** or window function.  Execute the finalizer function
 ** for an aggregate and store the result in P1.
 **
 ** P2 is the number of arguments that the step function takes and
@@ -89172,6 +92665,7 @@ case OP_AggFinal: {
   assert( (pMem->flags & ~(MEM_Null|MEM_Agg))==0 );
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
   if( pOp->p3 ){
+    memAboutToChange(p, &aMem[pOp->p3]);
     rc = sqlite3VdbeMemAggValue(pMem, &aMem[pOp->p3], pOp->p4.pFunc);
     pMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
   }else
@@ -89179,7 +92673,7 @@ case OP_AggFinal: {
   {
     rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(pMem, pOp->p4.pFunc);
   }
-  
+
   if( rc ){
     sqlite3VdbeError(p, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(pMem));
     goto abort_due_to_error;
@@ -89225,9 +92719,9 @@ case OP_Checkpoint: {
   }
   for(i=0, pMem = &aMem[pOp->p3]; i<3; i++, pMem++){
     sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pMem, (i64)aRes[i]);
-  }    
+  }
   break;
-};  
+};
 #endif
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA
@@ -89253,9 +92747,9 @@ case OP_JournalMode: {    /* out2 */
 
   pOut = out2Prerelease(p, pOp);
   eNew = pOp->p3;
-  assert( eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE 
-       || eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE 
-       || eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST 
+  assert( eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE
+       || eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE
+       || eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST
        || eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF
        || eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY
        || eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL
@@ -89274,7 +92768,7 @@ case OP_JournalMode: {    /* out2 */
   zFilename = sqlite3PagerFilename(pPager, 1);
 
   /* Do not allow a transition to journal_mode=WAL for a database
-  ** in temporary storage or if the VFS does not support shared memory 
+  ** in temporary storage or if the VFS does not support shared memory
   */
   if( eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL
    && (sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename)==0           /* Temp file */
@@ -89294,12 +92788,12 @@ case OP_JournalMode: {    /* out2 */
       );
       goto abort_due_to_error;
     }else{
- 
+
       if( eOld==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL ){
         /* If leaving WAL mode, close the log file. If successful, the call
-        ** to PagerCloseWal() checkpoints and deletes the write-ahead-log 
-        ** file. An EXCLUSIVE lock may still be held on the database file 
-        ** after a successful return. 
+        ** to PagerCloseWal() checkpoints and deletes the write-ahead-log
+        ** file. An EXCLUSIVE lock may still be held on the database file
+        ** after a successful return.
         */
         rc = sqlite3PagerCloseWal(pPager, db);
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -89310,11 +92804,11 @@ case OP_JournalMode: {    /* out2 */
         ** as an intermediate */
         sqlite3PagerSetJournalMode(pPager, PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF);
       }
-  
+
       /* Open a transaction on the database file. Regardless of the journal
       ** mode, this transaction always uses a rollback journal.
       */
-      assert( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pBt)==0 );
+      assert( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt)!=SQLITE_TXN_WRITE );
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         rc = sqlite3BtreeSetVersion(pBt, (eNew==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL ? 2 : 1));
       }
@@ -89336,14 +92830,19 @@ case OP_JournalMode: {    /* out2 */
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA */
 
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH)
-/* Opcode: Vacuum P1 * * * *
+/* Opcode: Vacuum P1 P2 * * *
 **
 ** Vacuum the entire database P1.  P1 is 0 for "main", and 2 or more
 ** for an attached database.  The "temp" database may not be vacuumed.
+**
+** If P2 is not zero, then it is a register holding a string which is
+** the file into which the result of vacuum should be written.  When
+** P2 is zero, the vacuum overwrites the original database.
 */
 case OP_Vacuum: {
   assert( p->readOnly==0 );
-  rc = sqlite3RunVacuum(&p->zErrMsg, db, pOp->p1);
+  rc = sqlite3RunVacuum(&p->zErrMsg, db, pOp->p1,
+                        pOp->p2 ? &aMem[pOp->p2] : 0);
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
   break;
 }
@@ -89380,7 +92879,7 @@ case OP_IncrVacuum: {        /* jump */
 ** is executed using sqlite3_step() it will either automatically
 ** reprepare itself (if it was originally created using sqlite3_prepare_v2())
 ** or it will fail with SQLITE_SCHEMA.
-** 
+**
 ** If P1 is 0, then all SQL statements become expired. If P1 is non-zero,
 ** then only the currently executing statement is expired.
 **
@@ -89400,12 +92899,42 @@ case OP_Expire: {
   break;
 }
 
+/* Opcode: CursorLock P1 * * * *
+**
+** Lock the btree to which cursor P1 is pointing so that the btree cannot be
+** written by an other cursor.
+*/
+case OP_CursorLock: {
+  VdbeCursor *pC;
+  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
+  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
+  assert( pC!=0 );
+  assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
+  sqlite3BtreeCursorPin(pC->uc.pCursor);
+  break;
+}
+
+/* Opcode: CursorUnlock P1 * * * *
+**
+** Unlock the btree to which cursor P1 is pointing so that it can be
+** written by other cursors.
+*/
+case OP_CursorUnlock: {
+  VdbeCursor *pC;
+  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
+  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
+  assert( pC!=0 );
+  assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
+  sqlite3BtreeCursorUnpin(pC->uc.pCursor);
+  break;
+}
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
 /* Opcode: TableLock P1 P2 P3 P4 *
 ** Synopsis: iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3
 **
 ** Obtain a lock on a particular table. This instruction is only used when
-** the shared-cache feature is enabled. 
+** the shared-cache feature is enabled.
 **
 ** P1 is the index of the database in sqlite3.aDb[] of the database
 ** on which the lock is acquired.  A readlock is obtained if P3==0 or
@@ -89419,7 +92948,7 @@ case OP_Expire: {
 case OP_TableLock: {
   u8 isWriteLock = (u8)pOp->p3;
   if( isWriteLock || 0==(db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommit) ){
-    int p1 = pOp->p1; 
+    int p1 = pOp->p1;
     assert( p1>=0 && p1<db->nDb );
     assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, p1) );
     assert( isWriteLock==0 || isWriteLock==1 );
@@ -89439,7 +92968,7 @@ case OP_TableLock: {
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
 /* Opcode: VBegin * * * P4 *
 **
-** P4 may be a pointer to an sqlite3_vtab structure. If so, call the 
+** P4 may be a pointer to an sqlite3_vtab structure. If so, call the
 ** xBegin method for that table.
 **
 ** Also, whether or not P4 is set, check that this is not being called from
@@ -89459,7 +92988,7 @@ case OP_VBegin: {
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
 /* Opcode: VCreate P1 P2 * * *
 **
-** P2 is a register that holds the name of a virtual table in database 
+** P2 is a register that holds the name of a virtual table in database
 ** P1. Call the xCreate method for that table.
 */
 case OP_VCreate: {
@@ -89495,6 +93024,7 @@ case OP_VDestroy: {
   db->nVDestroy++;
   rc = sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(db, pOp->p1, pOp->p4.z);
   db->nVDestroy--;
+  assert( p->errorAction==OE_Abort && p->usesStmtJournal );
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
   break;
 }
@@ -89617,10 +93147,11 @@ case OP_VFilter: {   /* jump */
 **
 ** If the VColumn opcode is being used to fetch the value of
 ** an unchanging column during an UPDATE operation, then the P5
-** value is 1.  Otherwise, P5 is 0.  The P5 value is returned
-** by sqlite3_vtab_nochange() routine and can be used
-** by virtual table implementations to return special "no-change"
-** marks which can be more efficient, depending on the virtual table.
+** value is OPFLAG_NOCHNG.  This will cause the sqlite3_vtab_nochange()
+** function to return true inside the xColumn method of the virtual
+** table implementation.  The P5 column might also contain other
+** bits (OPFLAG_LENGTHARG or OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG) but those bits are
+** unused by OP_VColumn.
 */
 case OP_VColumn: {
   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
@@ -89642,7 +93173,8 @@ case OP_VColumn: {
   assert( pModule->xColumn );
   memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
   sContext.pOut = pDest;
-  if( pOp->p5 ){
+  assert( pOp->p5==OPFLAG_NOCHNG || pOp->p5==0 );
+  if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_NOCHNG ){
     sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);
     pDest->flags = MEM_Null|MEM_Zero;
     pDest->u.nZero = 0;
@@ -89692,7 +93224,7 @@ case OP_VNext: {   /* jump */
 
   /* Invoke the xNext() method of the module. There is no way for the
   ** underlying implementation to return an error if one occurs during
-  ** xNext(). Instead, if an error occurs, true is returned (indicating that 
+  ** xNext(). Instead, if an error occurs, true is returned (indicating that
   ** data is available) and the error code returned when xColumn or
   ** some other method is next invoked on the save virtual table cursor.
   */
@@ -89720,7 +93252,7 @@ case OP_VRename: {
   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
   Mem *pName;
   int isLegacy;
-  
+
   isLegacy = (db->flags & SQLITE_LegacyAlter);
   db->flags |= SQLITE_LegacyAlter;
   pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab->pVtab;
@@ -89736,7 +93268,7 @@ case OP_VRename: {
   rc = sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pName, SQLITE_UTF8);
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
   rc = pVtab->pModule->xRename(pVtab, pName->z);
-  if( isLegacy==0 ) db->flags &= ~SQLITE_LegacyAlter;
+  if( isLegacy==0 ) db->flags &= ~(u64)SQLITE_LegacyAlter;
   sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(p, pVtab);
   p->expired = 0;
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
@@ -89750,23 +93282,23 @@ case OP_VRename: {
 **
 ** P4 is a pointer to a virtual table object, an sqlite3_vtab structure.
 ** This opcode invokes the corresponding xUpdate method. P2 values
-** are contiguous memory cells starting at P3 to pass to the xUpdate 
-** invocation. The value in register (P3+P2-1) corresponds to the 
+** are contiguous memory cells starting at P3 to pass to the xUpdate
+** invocation. The value in register (P3+P2-1) corresponds to the
 ** p2th element of the argv array passed to xUpdate.
 **
 ** The xUpdate method will do a DELETE or an INSERT or both.
 ** The argv[0] element (which corresponds to memory cell P3)
-** is the rowid of a row to delete.  If argv[0] is NULL then no 
-** deletion occurs.  The argv[1] element is the rowid of the new 
-** row.  This can be NULL to have the virtual table select the new 
-** rowid for itself.  The subsequent elements in the array are 
+** is the rowid of a row to delete.  If argv[0] is NULL then no
+** deletion occurs.  The argv[1] element is the rowid of the new
+** row.  This can be NULL to have the virtual table select the new
+** rowid for itself.  The subsequent elements in the array are
 ** the values of columns in the new row.
 **
 ** If P2==1 then no insert is performed.  argv[0] is the rowid of
 ** a row to delete.
 **
 ** P1 is a boolean flag. If it is set to true and the xUpdate call
-** is successful, then the value returned by sqlite3_last_insert_rowid() 
+** is successful, then the value returned by sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()
 ** is set to the value of the rowid for the row just inserted.
 **
 ** P5 is the error actions (OE_Replace, OE_Fail, OE_Ignore, etc) to
@@ -89781,7 +93313,7 @@ case OP_VUpdate: {
   Mem **apArg;
   Mem *pX;
 
-  assert( pOp->p2==1        || pOp->p5==OE_Fail   || pOp->p5==OE_Rollback 
+  assert( pOp->p2==1        || pOp->p5==OE_Fail   || pOp->p5==OE_Rollback
        || pOp->p5==OE_Abort || pOp->p5==OE_Ignore || pOp->p5==OE_Replace
   );
   assert( p->readOnly==0 );
@@ -89866,72 +93398,52 @@ case OP_MaxPgcnt: {            /* out2 */
 }
 #endif
 
-/* Opcode: Function0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])
+/* Opcode: Function P1 P2 P3 P4 *
+** Synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@NP])
 **
-** Invoke a user function (P4 is a pointer to a FuncDef object that
-** defines the function) with P5 arguments taken from register P2 and
-** successors.  The result of the function is stored in register P3.
-** Register P3 must not be one of the function inputs.
+** Invoke a user function (P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_context object that
+** contains a pointer to the function to be run) with arguments taken
+** from register P2 and successors.  The number of arguments is in
+** the sqlite3_context object that P4 points to.
+** The result of the function is stored
+** in register P3.  Register P3 must not be one of the function inputs.
 **
-** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the 
+** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the
 ** function was determined to be constant at compile time. If the first
 ** argument was constant then bit 0 of P1 is set. This is used to determine
 ** whether meta data associated with a user function argument using the
 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() API may be safely retained until the next
 ** invocation of this opcode.
 **
-** See also: Function, AggStep, AggFinal
+** See also: AggStep, AggFinal, PureFunc
 */
-/* Opcode: Function P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])
+/* Opcode: PureFunc P1 P2 P3 P4 *
+** Synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@NP])
 **
 ** Invoke a user function (P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_context object that
-** contains a pointer to the function to be run) with P5 arguments taken
-** from register P2 and successors.  The result of the function is stored
+** contains a pointer to the function to be run) with arguments taken
+** from register P2 and successors.  The number of arguments is in
+** the sqlite3_context object that P4 points to.
+** The result of the function is stored
 ** in register P3.  Register P3 must not be one of the function inputs.
 **
-** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the 
+** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the
 ** function was determined to be constant at compile time. If the first
 ** argument was constant then bit 0 of P1 is set. This is used to determine
 ** whether meta data associated with a user function argument using the
 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() API may be safely retained until the next
 ** invocation of this opcode.
 **
-** SQL functions are initially coded as OP_Function0 with P4 pointing
-** to a FuncDef object.  But on first evaluation, the P4 operand is
-** automatically converted into an sqlite3_context object and the operation
-** changed to this OP_Function opcode.  In this way, the initialization of
-** the sqlite3_context object occurs only once, rather than once for each
-** evaluation of the function.
+** This opcode works exactly like OP_Function.  The only difference is in
+** its name.  This opcode is used in places where the function must be
+** purely non-deterministic.  Some built-in date/time functions can be
+** either determinitic of non-deterministic, depending on their arguments.
+** When those function are used in a non-deterministic way, they will check
+** to see if they were called using OP_PureFunc instead of OP_Function, and
+** if they were, they throw an error.
 **
-** See also: Function0, AggStep, AggFinal
+** See also: AggStep, AggFinal, Function
 */
-case OP_PureFunc0:              /* group */
-case OP_Function0: {            /* group */
-  int n;
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx;
-
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCDEF );
-  n = pOp->p5;
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
-  assert( n==0 || (pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+n<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor)+1) );
-  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p2 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p2+n );
-  pCtx = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(*pCtx) + (n-1)*sizeof(sqlite3_value*));
-  if( pCtx==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  pCtx->pOut = 0;
-  pCtx->pFunc = pOp->p4.pFunc;
-  pCtx->iOp = (int)(pOp - aOp);
-  pCtx->pVdbe = p;
-  pCtx->isError = 0;
-  pCtx->argc = n;
-  pOp->p4type = P4_FUNCCTX;
-  pOp->p4.pCtx = pCtx;
-  assert( OP_PureFunc == OP_PureFunc0+2 );
-  assert( OP_Function == OP_Function0+2 );
-  pOp->opcode += 2;
-  /* Fall through into OP_Function */
-}
 case OP_PureFunc:              /* group */
 case OP_Function: {            /* group */
   int i;
@@ -89946,9 +93458,11 @@ case OP_Function: {            /* group */
   ** reinitializes the relavant parts of the sqlite3_context object */
   pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
   if( pCtx->pOut != pOut ){
+    pCtx->pVdbe = p;
     pCtx->pOut = pOut;
     for(i=pCtx->argc-1; i>=0; i--) pCtx->argv[i] = &aMem[pOp->p2+i];
   }
+  assert( pCtx->pVdbe==p );
 
   memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
@@ -90036,18 +93550,17 @@ case OP_Init: {          /* jump */
   ){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
     if( db->mTrace & SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY ){
-      void (*x)(void*,const char*) = (void(*)(void*,const char*))db->xTrace;
       char *z = sqlite3VdbeExpandSql(p, zTrace);
-      x(db->pTraceArg, z);
+      db->trace.xLegacy(db->pTraceArg, z);
       sqlite3_free(z);
     }else
 #endif
     if( db->nVdbeExec>1 ){
       char *z = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "-- %s", zTrace);
-      (void)db->xTrace(SQLITE_TRACE_STMT, db->pTraceArg, p, z);
+      (void)db->trace.xV2(SQLITE_TRACE_STMT, db->pTraceArg, p, z);
       sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
     }else{
-      (void)db->xTrace(SQLITE_TRACE_STMT, db->pTraceArg, p, zTrace);
+      (void)db->trace.xV2(SQLITE_TRACE_STMT, db->pTraceArg, p, zTrace);
     }
   }
 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE
@@ -90120,6 +93633,55 @@ case OP_Abortable: {
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+/* Opcode:  ReleaseReg   P1 P2 P3 * P5
+** Synopsis: release r[P1@P2] mask P3
+**
+** Release registers from service.  Any content that was in the
+** the registers is unreliable after this opcode completes.
+**
+** The registers released will be the P2 registers starting at P1,
+** except if bit ii of P3 set, then do not release register P1+ii.
+** In other words, P3 is a mask of registers to preserve.
+**
+** Releasing a register clears the Mem.pScopyFrom pointer.  That means
+** that if the content of the released register was set using OP_SCopy,
+** a change to the value of the source register for the OP_SCopy will no longer
+** generate an assertion fault in sqlite3VdbeMemAboutToChange().
+**
+** If P5 is set, then all released registers have their type set
+** to MEM_Undefined so that any subsequent attempt to read the released
+** register (before it is reinitialized) will generate an assertion fault.
+**
+** P5 ought to be set on every call to this opcode.
+** However, there are places in the code generator will release registers
+** before their are used, under the (valid) assumption that the registers
+** will not be reallocated for some other purpose before they are used and
+** hence are safe to release.
+**
+** This opcode is only available in testing and debugging builds.  It is
+** not generated for release builds.  The purpose of this opcode is to help
+** validate the generated bytecode.  This opcode does not actually contribute
+** to computing an answer.
+*/
+case OP_ReleaseReg: {
+  Mem *pMem;
+  int i;
+  u32 constMask;
+  assert( pOp->p1>0 );
+  assert( pOp->p1+pOp->p2<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor)+1 );
+  pMem = &aMem[pOp->p1];
+  constMask = pOp->p3;
+  for(i=0; i<pOp->p2; i++, pMem++){
+    if( i>=32 || (constMask & MASKBIT32(i))==0 ){
+      pMem->pScopyFrom = 0;
+      if( i<32 && pOp->p5 ) MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Undefined);
+    }
+  }
+  break;
+}
+#endif
+
 /* Opcode: Noop * * * * *
 **
 ** Do nothing.  This instruction is often useful as a jump
@@ -90171,6 +93733,12 @@ default: {          /* This is really OP_Noop, OP_Explain */
       if( opProperty & OPFLG_OUT3 ){
         registerTrace(pOrigOp->p3, &aMem[pOrigOp->p3]);
       }
+      if( opProperty==0xff ){
+        /* Never happens.  This code exists to avoid a harmless linkage
+        ** warning aboud sqlite3VdbeRegisterDump() being defined but not
+        ** used. */
+        sqlite3VdbeRegisterDump(p);
+      }
     }
 #endif  /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
 #endif  /* NDEBUG */
@@ -90180,7 +93748,11 @@ default: {          /* This is really OP_Noop, OP_Explain */
   ** an error of some kind.
   */
 abort_due_to_error:
-  if( db->mallocFailed ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+  if( db->mallocFailed ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+  }else if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS ){
+    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+  }
   assert( rc );
   if( p->zErrMsg==0 && rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
     sqlite3VdbeError(p, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(rc));
@@ -90188,7 +93760,7 @@ abort_due_to_error:
   p->rc = rc;
   sqlite3SystemError(db, rc);
   testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  sqlite3_log(rc, "statement aborts at %d: [%s] %s", 
+  sqlite3_log(rc, "statement aborts at %d: [%s] %s",
                    (int)(pOp - aOp), p->zSql, p->zErrMsg);
   sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);
   if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ) sqlite3OomFault(db);
@@ -90201,11 +93773,20 @@ abort_due_to_error:
   ** release the mutexes on btrees that were acquired at the
   ** top. */
 vdbe_return:
-  testcase( nVmStep>0 );
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
+  while( nVmStep>=nProgressLimit && db->xProgress!=0 ){
+    nProgressLimit += db->nProgressOps;
+    if( db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg) ){
+      nProgressLimit = LARGEST_UINT64;
+      rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
+      goto abort_due_to_error;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
   p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP] += (int)nVmStep;
   sqlite3VdbeLeave(p);
-  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || nExtraDelete==0 
-       || sqlite3_strlike("DELETE%",p->zSql,0)!=0 
+  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || nExtraDelete==0
+       || sqlite3_strlike("DELETE%",p->zSql,0)!=0
   );
   return rc;
 
@@ -90229,10 +93810,8 @@ no_mem:
   ** flag.
   */
 abort_due_to_interrupt:
-  assert( db->u1.isInterrupted );
-  rc = db->mallocFailed ? SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT : SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
-  p->rc = rc;
-  sqlite3VdbeError(p, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(rc));
+  assert( AtomicLoad(&db->u1.isInterrupted) );
+  rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
   goto abort_due_to_error;
 }
 
@@ -90289,7 +93868,7 @@ struct Incrblob {
 ** sqlite3DbFree().
 **
 ** If an error does occur, then the b-tree cursor is closed. All subsequent
-** calls to sqlite3_blob_read(), blob_write() or blob_reopen() will 
+** calls to sqlite3_blob_read(), blob_write() or blob_reopen() will
 ** immediately return SQLITE_ABORT.
 */
 static int blobSeekToRow(Incrblob *p, sqlite3_int64 iRow, char **pzErr){
@@ -90297,7 +93876,7 @@ static int blobSeekToRow(Incrblob *p, sqlite3_int64 iRow, char **pzErr){
   char *zErr = 0;                 /* Error message */
   Vdbe *v = (Vdbe *)p->pStmt;
 
-  /* Set the value of register r[1] in the SQL statement to integer iRow. 
+  /* Set the value of register r[1] in the SQL statement to integer iRow.
   ** This is done directly as a performance optimization
   */
   v->aMem[1].flags = MEM_Int;
@@ -90441,7 +94020,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
     }
 
     /* If the value is being opened for writing, check that the
-    ** column is not indexed, and that it is not part of a foreign key. 
+    ** column is not indexed, and that it is not part of a foreign key.
     */
     if( wrFlag ){
       const char *zFault = 0;
@@ -90450,7 +94029,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
       if( db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys ){
         /* Check that the column is not part of an FK child key definition. It
         ** is not necessary to check if it is part of a parent key, as parent
-        ** key columns must be indexed. The check below will pick up this 
+        ** key columns must be indexed. The check below will pick up this
         ** case.  */
         FKey *pFKey;
         for(pFKey=pTab->pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextFrom){
@@ -90484,8 +94063,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
     pBlob->pStmt = (sqlite3_stmt *)sqlite3VdbeCreate(&sParse);
     assert( pBlob->pStmt || db->mallocFailed );
     if( pBlob->pStmt ){
-      
-      /* This VDBE program seeks a btree cursor to the identified 
+
+      /* This VDBE program seeks a btree cursor to the identified
       ** db/table/row entry. The reason for using a vdbe program instead
       ** of writing code to use the b-tree layer directly is that the
       ** vdbe program will take advantage of the various transaction,
@@ -90493,11 +94072,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
       **
       ** After seeking the cursor, the vdbe executes an OP_ResultRow.
       ** Code external to the Vdbe then "borrows" the b-tree cursor and
-      ** uses it to implement the blob_read(), blob_write() and 
+      ** uses it to implement the blob_read(), blob_write() and
       ** blob_bytes() functions.
       **
       ** The sqlite3_blob_close() function finalizes the vdbe program,
-      ** which closes the b-tree cursor and (possibly) commits the 
+      ** which closes the b-tree cursor and (possibly) commits the
       ** transaction.
       */
       static const int iLn = VDBE_OFFSET_LINENO(2);
@@ -90514,7 +94093,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
       int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
       VdbeOp *aOp;
 
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Transaction, iDb, wrFlag, 
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Transaction, iDb, wrFlag,
                            pTab->pSchema->schema_cookie,
                            pTab->pSchema->iGeneration);
       sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);
@@ -90522,7 +94101,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
       aOp = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, ArraySize(openBlob), openBlob, iLn);
 
       /* Make sure a mutex is held on the table to be accessed */
-      sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb); 
+      sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb);
 
       if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
         assert( aOp!=0 );
@@ -90538,17 +94117,17 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
       if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
 #endif
 
-        /* Remove either the OP_OpenWrite or OpenRead. Set the P2 
+        /* Remove either the OP_OpenWrite or OpenRead. Set the P2
         ** parameter of the other to pTab->tnum.  */
         if( wrFlag ) aOp[1].opcode = OP_OpenWrite;
         aOp[1].p2 = pTab->tnum;
-        aOp[1].p3 = iDb;   
+        aOp[1].p3 = iDb;
 
         /* Configure the number of columns. Configure the cursor to
         ** think that the table has one more column than it really
         ** does. An OP_Column to retrieve this imaginary column will
         ** always return an SQL NULL. This is useful because it means
-        ** we can invoke OP_Column to fill in the vdbe cursors type 
+        ** we can invoke OP_Column to fill in the vdbe cursors type
         ** and offset cache without causing any IO.
         */
         aOp[1].p4type = P4_INT32;
@@ -90561,7 +94140,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
         sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, &sParse);
       }
     }
-   
+
     pBlob->iCol = iCol;
     pBlob->db = db;
     sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
@@ -90596,11 +94175,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *pBlob){
   sqlite3 *db;
 
   if( p ){
+    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = p->pStmt;
     db = p->db;
     sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-    rc = sqlite3_finalize(p->pStmt);
     sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
     sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
+    rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
   }else{
     rc = SQLITE_OK;
   }
@@ -90611,10 +94191,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *pBlob){
 ** Perform a read or write operation on a blob
 */
 static int blobReadWrite(
-  sqlite3_blob *pBlob, 
-  void *z, 
-  int n, 
-  int iOffset, 
+  sqlite3_blob *pBlob,
+  void *z,
+  int n,
+  int iOffset,
   int (*xCall)(BtCursor*, u32, u32, void*)
 ){
   int rc;
@@ -90644,14 +94224,14 @@ static int blobReadWrite(
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
     if( xCall==sqlite3BtreePutData && db->xPreUpdateCallback ){
-      /* If a pre-update hook is registered and this is a write cursor, 
-      ** invoke it here. 
-      ** 
+      /* If a pre-update hook is registered and this is a write cursor,
+      ** invoke it here.
+      **
       ** TODO: The preupdate-hook is passed SQLITE_DELETE, even though this
       ** operation should really be an SQLITE_UPDATE. This is probably
-      ** incorrect, but is convenient because at this point the new.* values 
-      ** are not easily obtainable. And for the sessions module, an 
-      ** SQLITE_UPDATE where the PK columns do not change is handled in the 
+      ** incorrect, but is convenient because at this point the new.* values
+      ** are not easily obtainable. And for the sessions module, an
+      ** SQLITE_UPDATE where the PK columns do not change is handled in the
       ** same way as an SQLITE_DELETE (the SQLITE_DELETE code is actually
       ** slightly more efficient). Since you cannot write to a PK column
       ** using the incremental-blob API, this works. For the sessions module
@@ -90711,8 +94291,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *pBlob){
 **
 ** If an error occurs, or if the specified row does not exist or does not
 ** contain a blob or text value, then an error code is returned and the
-** database handle error code and message set. If this happens, then all 
-** subsequent calls to sqlite3_blob_xxx() functions (except blob_close()) 
+** database handle error code and message set. If this happens, then all
+** subsequent calls to sqlite3_blob_xxx() functions (except blob_close())
 ** immediately return SQLITE_ABORT.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *pBlob, sqlite3_int64 iRow){
@@ -90806,7 +94386,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *pBlob, sqlite3_int64 iRow){
 **                                  is like Close() followed by Init() only
 **                                  much faster.
 **
-** The interfaces above must be called in a particular order.  Write() can 
+** The interfaces above must be called in a particular order.  Write() can
 ** only occur in between Init()/Reset() and Rewind().  Next(), Rowkey(), and
 ** Compare() can only occur in between Rewind() and Close()/Reset(). i.e.
 **
@@ -90814,16 +94394,16 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *pBlob, sqlite3_int64 iRow){
 **   for each record: Write()
 **   Rewind()
 **     Rowkey()/Compare()
-**   Next() 
+**   Next()
 **   Close()
 **
 ** Algorithm:
 **
-** Records passed to the sorter via calls to Write() are initially held 
+** Records passed to the sorter via calls to Write() are initially held
 ** unsorted in main memory. Assuming the amount of memory used never exceeds
 ** a threshold, when Rewind() is called the set of records is sorted using
 ** an in-memory merge sort. In this case, no temporary files are required
-** and subsequent calls to Rowkey(), Next() and Compare() read records 
+** and subsequent calls to Rowkey(), Next() and Compare() read records
 ** directly from main memory.
 **
 ** If the amount of space used to store records in main memory exceeds the
@@ -90833,10 +94413,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *pBlob, sqlite3_int64 iRow){
 ** of PMAs may be created by merging existing PMAs together - for example
 ** merging two or more level-0 PMAs together creates a level-1 PMA.
 **
-** The threshold for the amount of main memory to use before flushing 
+** The threshold for the amount of main memory to use before flushing
 ** records to a PMA is roughly the same as the limit configured for the
-** page-cache of the main database. Specifically, the threshold is set to 
-** the value returned by "PRAGMA main.page_size" multipled by 
+** page-cache of the main database. Specifically, the threshold is set to
+** the value returned by "PRAGMA main.page_size" multipled by
 ** that returned by "PRAGMA main.cache_size", in bytes.
 **
 ** If the sorter is running in single-threaded mode, then all PMAs generated
@@ -90853,7 +94433,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *pBlob, sqlite3_int64 iRow){
 ** than zero, and (b) worker threads have been enabled at runtime by calling
 ** "PRAGMA threads=N" with some value of N greater than 0.
 **
-** When Rewind() is called, any data remaining in memory is flushed to a 
+** When Rewind() is called, any data remaining in memory is flushed to a
 ** final PMA. So at this point the data is stored in some number of sorted
 ** PMAs within temporary files on disk.
 **
@@ -90865,16 +94445,16 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *pBlob, sqlite3_int64 iRow){
 **
 ** Or, if running in multi-threaded mode, then a background thread is
 ** launched to merge the existing PMAs. Once the background thread has
-** merged T bytes of data into a single sorted PMA, the main thread 
+** merged T bytes of data into a single sorted PMA, the main thread
 ** begins reading keys from that PMA while the background thread proceeds
 ** with merging the next T bytes of data. And so on.
 **
-** Parameter T is set to half the value of the memory threshold used 
+** Parameter T is set to half the value of the memory threshold used
 ** by Write() above to determine when to create a new PMA.
 **
-** If there are more than SORTER_MAX_MERGE_COUNT PMAs in total when 
-** Rewind() is called, then a hierarchy of incremental-merges is used. 
-** First, T bytes of data from the first SORTER_MAX_MERGE_COUNT PMAs on 
+** If there are more than SORTER_MAX_MERGE_COUNT PMAs in total when
+** Rewind() is called, then a hierarchy of incremental-merges is used.
+** First, T bytes of data from the first SORTER_MAX_MERGE_COUNT PMAs on
 ** disk are merged together. Then T bytes of data from the second set, and
 ** so on, such that no operation ever merges more than SORTER_MAX_MERGE_COUNT
 ** PMAs at a time. This done is to improve locality.
@@ -90889,7 +94469,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *pBlob, sqlite3_int64 iRow){
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 /* #include "vdbeInt.h" */
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** If SQLITE_DEBUG_SORTER_THREADS is defined, this module outputs various
 ** messages to stderr that may be helpful in understanding the performance
 ** characteristics of the sorter in multi-threaded mode.
@@ -90918,7 +94498,7 @@ typedef struct SorterList SorterList;       /* In-memory list of records */
 typedef struct IncrMerger IncrMerger;       /* Read & merge multiple PMAs */
 
 /*
-** A container for a temp file handle and the current amount of data 
+** A container for a temp file handle and the current amount of data
 ** stored in the file.
 */
 struct SorterFile {
@@ -90958,17 +94538,17 @@ struct SorterList {
 ** the MergeEngine.nTree variable.
 **
 ** The final (N/2) elements of aTree[] contain the results of comparing
-** pairs of PMA keys together. Element i contains the result of 
+** pairs of PMA keys together. Element i contains the result of
 ** comparing aReadr[2*i-N] and aReadr[2*i-N+1]. Whichever key is smaller, the
-** aTree element is set to the index of it. 
+** aTree element is set to the index of it.
 **
 ** For the purposes of this comparison, EOF is considered greater than any
 ** other key value. If the keys are equal (only possible with two EOF
 ** values), it doesn't matter which index is stored.
 **
-** The (N/4) elements of aTree[] that precede the final (N/2) described 
+** The (N/4) elements of aTree[] that precede the final (N/2) described
 ** above contains the index of the smallest of each block of 4 PmaReaders
-** And so on. So that aTree[1] contains the index of the PmaReader that 
+** And so on. So that aTree[1] contains the index of the PmaReader that
 ** currently points to the smallest key value. aTree[0] is unused.
 **
 ** Example:
@@ -90984,7 +94564,7 @@ struct SorterList {
 **
 **     aTree[] = { X, 5   0, 5    0, 3, 5, 6 }
 **
-** The current element is "Apple" (the value of the key indicated by 
+** The current element is "Apple" (the value of the key indicated by
 ** PmaReader 5). When the Next() operation is invoked, PmaReader 5 will
 ** be advanced to the next key in its segment. Say the next key is
 ** "Eggplant":
@@ -91025,8 +94605,8 @@ struct MergeEngine {
 ** each thread requries its own UnpackedRecord object to unpack records in
 ** as part of comparison operations.
 **
-** Before a background thread is launched, variable bDone is set to 0. Then, 
-** right before it exits, the thread itself sets bDone to 1. This is used for 
+** Before a background thread is launched, variable bDone is set to 0. Then,
+** right before it exits, the thread itself sets bDone to 1. This is used for
 ** two purposes:
 **
 **   1. When flushing the contents of memory to a level-0 PMA on disk, to
@@ -91057,7 +94637,7 @@ struct SortSubtask {
 
 
 /*
-** Main sorter structure. A single instance of this is allocated for each 
+** Main sorter structure. A single instance of this is allocated for each
 ** sorter cursor created by the VDBE.
 **
 ** mxKeysize:
@@ -91113,21 +94693,21 @@ struct PmaReader {
 };
 
 /*
-** Normally, a PmaReader object iterates through an existing PMA stored 
+** Normally, a PmaReader object iterates through an existing PMA stored
 ** within a temp file. However, if the PmaReader.pIncr variable points to
 ** an object of the following type, it may be used to iterate/merge through
 ** multiple PMAs simultaneously.
 **
-** There are two types of IncrMerger object - single (bUseThread==0) and 
-** multi-threaded (bUseThread==1). 
+** There are two types of IncrMerger object - single (bUseThread==0) and
+** multi-threaded (bUseThread==1).
 **
-** A multi-threaded IncrMerger object uses two temporary files - aFile[0] 
-** and aFile[1]. Neither file is allowed to grow to more than mxSz bytes in 
-** size. When the IncrMerger is initialized, it reads enough data from 
-** pMerger to populate aFile[0]. It then sets variables within the 
-** corresponding PmaReader object to read from that file and kicks off 
-** a background thread to populate aFile[1] with the next mxSz bytes of 
-** sorted record data from pMerger. 
+** A multi-threaded IncrMerger object uses two temporary files - aFile[0]
+** and aFile[1]. Neither file is allowed to grow to more than mxSz bytes in
+** size. When the IncrMerger is initialized, it reads enough data from
+** pMerger to populate aFile[0]. It then sets variables within the
+** corresponding PmaReader object to read from that file and kicks off
+** a background thread to populate aFile[1] with the next mxSz bytes of
+** sorted record data from pMerger.
 **
 ** When the PmaReader reaches the end of aFile[0], it blocks until the
 ** background thread has finished populating aFile[1]. It then exchanges
@@ -91138,7 +94718,7 @@ struct PmaReader {
 **
 ** A single-threaded IncrMerger does not open any temporary files of its
 ** own. Instead, it has exclusive access to mxSz bytes of space beginning
-** at offset iStartOff of file pTask->file2. And instead of using a 
+** at offset iStartOff of file pTask->file2. And instead of using a
 ** background thread to prepare data for the PmaReader, with a single
 ** threaded IncrMerger the allocate part of pTask->file2 is "refilled" with
 ** keys from pMerger by the calling thread whenever the PmaReader runs out
@@ -91250,7 +94830,7 @@ static int vdbePmaReadBlob(
 
   assert( p->aBuffer );
 
-  /* If there is no more data to be read from the buffer, read the next 
+  /* If there is no more data to be read from the buffer, read the next
   ** p->nBuffer bytes of data from the file into it. Or, if there are less
   ** than p->nBuffer bytes remaining in the PMA, read all remaining data.  */
   iBuf = p->iReadOff % p->nBuffer;
@@ -91271,11 +94851,11 @@ static int vdbePmaReadBlob(
     assert( rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ );
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
   }
-  nAvail = p->nBuffer - iBuf; 
+  nAvail = p->nBuffer - iBuf;
 
   if( nByte<=nAvail ){
     /* The requested data is available in the in-memory buffer. In this
-    ** case there is no need to make a copy of the data, just return a 
+    ** case there is no need to make a copy of the data, just return a
     ** pointer into the buffer to the caller.  */
     *ppOut = &p->aBuffer[iBuf];
     p->iReadOff += nByte;
@@ -91288,7 +94868,7 @@ static int vdbePmaReadBlob(
     /* Extend the p->aAlloc[] allocation if required. */
     if( p->nAlloc<nByte ){
       u8 *aNew;
-      int nNew = MAX(128, p->nAlloc*2);
+      sqlite3_int64 nNew = MAX(128, 2*(sqlite3_int64)p->nAlloc);
       while( nByte>nNew ) nNew = nNew*2;
       aNew = sqlite3Realloc(p->aAlloc, nNew);
       if( !aNew ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
@@ -91354,7 +94934,7 @@ static int vdbePmaReadVarint(PmaReader *p, u64 *pnOut){
 
 /*
 ** Attempt to memory map file pFile. If successful, set *pp to point to the
-** new mapping and return SQLITE_OK. If the mapping is not attempted 
+** new mapping and return SQLITE_OK. If the mapping is not attempted
 ** (because the file is too large or the VFS layer is configured not to use
 ** mmap), return SQLITE_OK and set *pp to NULL.
 **
@@ -91375,7 +94955,7 @@ static int vdbeSorterMapFile(SortSubtask *pTask, SorterFile *pFile, u8 **pp){
 
 /*
 ** Attach PmaReader pReadr to file pFile (if it is not already attached to
-** that file) and seek it to offset iOff within the file.  Return SQLITE_OK 
+** that file) and seek it to offset iOff within the file.  Return SQLITE_OK
 ** if successful, or an SQLite error code if an error occurs.
 */
 static int vdbePmaReaderSeek(
@@ -91465,11 +95045,11 @@ static int vdbePmaReaderNext(PmaReader *pReadr){
 
 /*
 ** Initialize PmaReader pReadr to scan through the PMA stored in file pFile
-** starting at offset iStart and ending at offset iEof-1. This function 
-** leaves the PmaReader pointing to the first key in the PMA (or EOF if the 
+** starting at offset iStart and ending at offset iEof-1. This function
+** leaves the PmaReader pointing to the first key in the PMA (or EOF if the
 ** PMA is empty).
 **
-** If the pnByte parameter is NULL, then it is assumed that the file 
+** If the pnByte parameter is NULL, then it is assumed that the file
 ** contains a single PMA, and that that PMA omits the initial length varint.
 */
 static int vdbePmaReaderInit(
@@ -91502,7 +95082,7 @@ static int vdbePmaReaderInit(
 
 /*
 ** A version of vdbeSorterCompare() that assumes that it has already been
-** determined that the first field of key1 is equal to the first field of 
+** determined that the first field of key1 is equal to the first field of
 ** key2.
 */
 static int vdbeSorterCompareTail(
@@ -91520,7 +95100,7 @@ static int vdbeSorterCompareTail(
 }
 
 /*
-** Compare key1 (buffer pKey1, size nKey1 bytes) with key2 (buffer pKey2, 
+** Compare key1 (buffer pKey1, size nKey1 bytes) with key2 (buffer pKey2,
 ** size nKey2 bytes). Use (pTask->pKeyInfo) for the collation sequences
 ** used by the comparison. Return the result of the comparison.
 **
@@ -91566,8 +95146,8 @@ static int vdbeSorterCompareText(
   int n2;
   int res;
 
-  getVarint32(&p1[1], n1);
-  getVarint32(&p2[1], n2);
+  getVarint32NR(&p1[1], n1);
+  getVarint32NR(&p2[1], n2);
   res = memcmp(v1, v2, (MIN(n1, n2) - 13)/2);
   if( res==0 ){
     res = n1 - n2;
@@ -91580,7 +95160,8 @@ static int vdbeSorterCompareText(
       );
     }
   }else{
-    if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[0] ){
+    assert( !(pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0]&KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL) );
+    if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0] ){
       res = res * -1;
     }
   }
@@ -91648,7 +95229,8 @@ static int vdbeSorterCompareInt(
           pTask, pbKey2Cached, pKey1, nKey1, pKey2, nKey2
       );
     }
-  }else if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[0] ){
+  }else if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0] ){
+    assert( !(pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0]&KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL) );
     res = res * -1;
   }
 
@@ -91664,7 +95246,7 @@ static int vdbeSorterCompareInt(
 ** is non-zero and the sorter is able to guarantee a stable sort, nField
 ** is used instead. This is used when sorting records for a CREATE INDEX
 ** statement. In this case, keys are always delivered to the sorter in
-** order of the primary key, which happens to be make up the final part 
+** order of the primary key, which happens to be make up the final part
 ** of the records being sorted. So if the sort is stable, there is never
 ** any reason to compare PK fields and they can be ignored for a small
 ** performance boost.
@@ -91719,13 +95301,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterInit(
   if( pSorter==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }else{
+    Btree *pBt = db->aDb[0].pBt;
     pSorter->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo = (KeyInfo*)((u8*)pSorter + sz);
     memcpy(pKeyInfo, pCsr->pKeyInfo, szKeyInfo);
     pKeyInfo->db = 0;
     if( nField && nWorker==0 ){
       pKeyInfo->nKeyField = nField;
     }
-    pSorter->pgsz = pgsz = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(db->aDb[0].pBt);
+    sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBt);
+    pSorter->pgsz = pgsz = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pBt);
+    sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBt);
     pSorter->nTask = nWorker + 1;
     pSorter->iPrev = (u8)(nWorker - 1);
     pSorter->bUseThreads = (pSorter->nTask>1);
@@ -91761,8 +95346,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterInit(
       }
     }
 
-    if( pKeyInfo->nAllField<13 
+    if( pKeyInfo->nAllField<13
      && (pKeyInfo->aColl[0]==0 || pKeyInfo->aColl[0]==db->pDfltColl)
+     && (pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0] & KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL)==0
     ){
       pSorter->typeMask = SORTER_TYPE_INTEGER | SORTER_TYPE_TEXT;
     }
@@ -91785,7 +95371,7 @@ static void vdbeSorterRecordFree(sqlite3 *db, SorterRecord *pRecord){
 }
 
 /*
-** Free all resources owned by the object indicated by argument pTask. All 
+** Free all resources owned by the object indicated by argument pTask. All
 ** fields of *pTask are zeroed before returning.
 */
 static void vdbeSortSubtaskCleanup(sqlite3 *db, SortSubtask *pTask){
@@ -91884,7 +95470,7 @@ static int vdbeSorterCreateThread(
 }
 
 /*
-** Join all outstanding threads launched by SorterWrite() to create 
+** Join all outstanding threads launched by SorterWrite() to create
 ** level-0 PMAs.
 */
 static int vdbeSorterJoinAll(VdbeSorter *pSorter, int rcin){
@@ -91893,10 +95479,10 @@ static int vdbeSorterJoinAll(VdbeSorter *pSorter, int rcin){
 
   /* This function is always called by the main user thread.
   **
-  ** If this function is being called after SorterRewind() has been called, 
+  ** If this function is being called after SorterRewind() has been called,
   ** it is possible that thread pSorter->aTask[pSorter->nTask-1].pThread
   ** is currently attempt to join one of the other threads. To avoid a race
-  ** condition where this thread also attempts to join the same object, join 
+  ** condition where this thread also attempts to join the same object, join
   ** thread pSorter->aTask[pSorter->nTask-1].pThread first. */
   for(i=pSorter->nTask-1; i>=0; i--){
     SortSubtask *pTask = &pSorter->aTask[i];
@@ -92068,8 +95654,8 @@ static int vdbeSorterOpenTempFile(
 }
 
 /*
-** If it has not already been allocated, allocate the UnpackedRecord 
-** structure at pTask->pUnpacked. Return SQLITE_OK if successful (or 
+** If it has not already been allocated, allocate the UnpackedRecord
+** structure at pTask->pUnpacked. Return SQLITE_OK if successful (or
 ** if no allocation was required), or SQLITE_NOMEM otherwise.
 */
 static int vdbeSortAllocUnpacked(SortSubtask *pTask){
@@ -92132,32 +95718,28 @@ static SorterCompare vdbeSorterGetCompare(VdbeSorter *p){
   if( p->typeMask==SORTER_TYPE_INTEGER ){
     return vdbeSorterCompareInt;
   }else if( p->typeMask==SORTER_TYPE_TEXT ){
-    return vdbeSorterCompareText; 
+    return vdbeSorterCompareText;
   }
   return vdbeSorterCompare;
 }
 
 /*
-** Sort the linked list of records headed at pTask->pList. Return 
-** SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if 
+** Sort the linked list of records headed at pTask->pList. Return
+** SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if
 ** an error occurs.
 */
 static int vdbeSorterSort(SortSubtask *pTask, SorterList *pList){
   int i;
-  SorterRecord **aSlot;
   SorterRecord *p;
   int rc;
+  SorterRecord *aSlot[64];
 
   rc = vdbeSortAllocUnpacked(pTask);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
 
   p = pList->pList;
   pTask->xCompare = vdbeSorterGetCompare(pTask->pSorter);
-
-  aSlot = (SorterRecord **)sqlite3MallocZero(64 * sizeof(SorterRecord *));
-  if( !aSlot ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-  }
+  memset(aSlot, 0, sizeof(aSlot));
 
   while( p ){
     SorterRecord *pNext;
@@ -92182,15 +95764,14 @@ static int vdbeSorterSort(SortSubtask *pTask, SorterList *pList){
   }
 
   p = 0;
-  for(i=0; i<64; i++){
+  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aSlot); i++){
     if( aSlot[i]==0 ) continue;
     p = p ? vdbeSorterMerge(pTask, p, aSlot[i]) : aSlot[i];
   }
   pList->pList = p;
 
-  sqlite3_free(aSlot);
-  assert( pTask->pUnpacked->errCode==SQLITE_OK 
-       || pTask->pUnpacked->errCode==SQLITE_NOMEM 
+  assert( pTask->pUnpacked->errCode==SQLITE_OK
+       || pTask->pUnpacked->errCode==SQLITE_NOMEM
   );
   return pTask->pUnpacked->errCode;
 }
@@ -92231,8 +95812,8 @@ static void vdbePmaWriteBlob(PmaWriter *p, u8 *pData, int nData){
     memcpy(&p->aBuffer[p->iBufEnd], &pData[nData-nRem], nCopy);
     p->iBufEnd += nCopy;
     if( p->iBufEnd==p->nBuffer ){
-      p->eFWErr = sqlite3OsWrite(p->pFd, 
-          &p->aBuffer[p->iBufStart], p->iBufEnd - p->iBufStart, 
+      p->eFWErr = sqlite3OsWrite(p->pFd,
+          &p->aBuffer[p->iBufStart], p->iBufEnd - p->iBufStart,
           p->iWriteOff + p->iBufStart
       );
       p->iBufStart = p->iBufEnd = 0;
@@ -92247,7 +95828,7 @@ static void vdbePmaWriteBlob(PmaWriter *p, u8 *pData, int nData){
 /*
 ** Flush any buffered data to disk and clean up the PMA-writer object.
 ** The results of using the PMA-writer after this call are undefined.
-** Return SQLITE_OK if flushing the buffered data succeeds or is not 
+** Return SQLITE_OK if flushing the buffered data succeeds or is not
 ** required. Otherwise, return an SQLite error code.
 **
 ** Before returning, set *piEof to the offset immediately following the
@@ -92256,8 +95837,8 @@ static void vdbePmaWriteBlob(PmaWriter *p, u8 *pData, int nData){
 static int vdbePmaWriterFinish(PmaWriter *p, i64 *piEof){
   int rc;
   if( p->eFWErr==0 && ALWAYS(p->aBuffer) && p->iBufEnd>p->iBufStart ){
-    p->eFWErr = sqlite3OsWrite(p->pFd, 
-        &p->aBuffer[p->iBufStart], p->iBufEnd - p->iBufStart, 
+    p->eFWErr = sqlite3OsWrite(p->pFd,
+        &p->aBuffer[p->iBufStart], p->iBufEnd - p->iBufStart,
         p->iWriteOff + p->iBufStart
     );
   }
@@ -92269,11 +95850,11 @@ static int vdbePmaWriterFinish(PmaWriter *p, i64 *piEof){
 }
 
 /*
-** Write value iVal encoded as a varint to the PMA. Return 
+** Write value iVal encoded as a varint to the PMA. Return
 ** SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code if an error occurs.
 */
 static void vdbePmaWriteVarint(PmaWriter *p, u64 iVal){
-  int nByte; 
+  int nByte;
   u8 aByte[10];
   nByte = sqlite3PutVarint(aByte, iVal);
   vdbePmaWriteBlob(p, aByte, nByte);
@@ -92281,7 +95862,7 @@ static void vdbePmaWriteVarint(PmaWriter *p, u64 iVal){
 
 /*
 ** Write the current contents of in-memory linked-list pList to a level-0
-** PMA in the temp file belonging to sub-task pTask. Return SQLITE_OK if 
+** PMA in the temp file belonging to sub-task pTask. Return SQLITE_OK if
 ** successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
 **
 ** The format of a PMA is:
@@ -92289,8 +95870,8 @@ static void vdbePmaWriteVarint(PmaWriter *p, u64 iVal){
 **     * A varint. This varint contains the total number of bytes of content
 **       in the PMA (not including the varint itself).
 **
-**     * One or more records packed end-to-end in order of ascending keys. 
-**       Each record consists of a varint followed by a blob of data (the 
+**     * One or more records packed end-to-end in order of ascending keys.
+**       Each record consists of a varint followed by a blob of data (the
 **       key). The varint is the number of bytes in the blob of data.
 */
 static int vdbeSorterListToPMA(SortSubtask *pTask, SorterList *pList){
@@ -92299,7 +95880,7 @@ static int vdbeSorterListToPMA(SortSubtask *pTask, SorterList *pList){
   PmaWriter writer;               /* Object used to write to the file */
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  /* Set iSz to the expected size of file pTask->file after writing the PMA. 
+  /* Set iSz to the expected size of file pTask->file after writing the PMA.
   ** This is used by an assert() statement at the end of this function.  */
   i64 iSz = pList->szPMA + sqlite3VarintLen(pList->szPMA) + pTask->file.iEof;
 #endif
@@ -92452,7 +96033,7 @@ static int vdbeSorterFlushPMA(VdbeSorter *pSorter){
   SortSubtask *pTask = 0;    /* Thread context used to create new PMA */
   int nWorker = (pSorter->nTask-1);
 
-  /* Set the flag to indicate that at least one PMA has been written. 
+  /* Set the flag to indicate that at least one PMA has been written.
   ** Or will be, anyhow.  */
   pSorter->bUsePMA = 1;
 
@@ -92462,7 +96043,7 @@ static int vdbeSorterFlushPMA(VdbeSorter *pSorter){
   ** the background thread from a sub-tasks previous turn is still running,
   ** skip it. If the first (pSorter->nTask-1) sub-tasks are all still busy,
   ** fall back to using the final sub-task. The first (pSorter->nTask-1)
-  ** sub-tasks are prefered as they use background threads - the final 
+  ** sub-tasks are prefered as they use background threads - the final
   ** sub-task uses the main thread. */
   for(i=0; i<nWorker; i++){
     int iTest = (pSorter->iPrev + i + 1) % nWorker;
@@ -92479,13 +96060,16 @@ static int vdbeSorterFlushPMA(VdbeSorter *pSorter){
       rc = vdbeSorterListToPMA(&pSorter->aTask[nWorker], &pSorter->list);
     }else{
       /* Launch a background thread for this operation */
-      u8 *aMem = pTask->list.aMemory;
-      void *pCtx = (void*)pTask;
+      u8 *aMem;
+      void *pCtx;
 
+      assert( pTask!=0 );
       assert( pTask->pThread==0 && pTask->bDone==0 );
       assert( pTask->list.pList==0 );
       assert( pTask->list.aMemory==0 || pSorter->list.aMemory!=0 );
 
+      aMem = pTask->list.aMemory;
+      pCtx = (void*)pTask;
       pSorter->iPrev = (u8)(pTask - pSorter->aTask);
       pTask->list = pSorter->list;
       pSorter->list.pList = 0;
@@ -92523,7 +96107,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(
 
   assert( pCsr->eCurType==CURTYPE_SORTER );
   pSorter = pCsr->uc.pSorter;
-  getVarint32((const u8*)&pVal->z[1], t);
+  getVarint32NR((const u8*)&pVal->z[1], t);
   if( t>0 && t<10 && t!=7 ){
     pSorter->typeMask &= SORTER_TYPE_INTEGER;
   }else if( t>10 && (t & 0x01) ){
@@ -92540,14 +96124,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(
   ** If using the single large allocation mode (pSorter->aMemory!=0), then
   ** flush the contents of memory to a new PMA if (a) at least one value is
   ** already in memory and (b) the new value will not fit in memory.
-  ** 
+  **
   ** Or, if using separate allocations for each record, flush the contents
   ** of memory to a PMA if either of the following are true:
   **
-  **   * The total memory allocated for the in-memory list is greater 
+  **   * The total memory allocated for the in-memory list is greater
   **     than (page-size * cache-size), or
   **
-  **   * The total memory allocated for the in-memory list is greater 
+  **   * The total memory allocated for the in-memory list is greater
   **     than (page-size * 10) and sqlite3HeapNearlyFull() returns true.
   */
   nReq = pVal->n + sizeof(SorterRecord);
@@ -92579,15 +96163,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(
 
     if( nMin>pSorter->nMemory ){
       u8 *aNew;
-      int iListOff = (u8*)pSorter->list.pList - pSorter->list.aMemory;
-      int nNew = pSorter->nMemory * 2;
+      sqlite3_int64 nNew = 2 * (sqlite3_int64)pSorter->nMemory;
+      int iListOff = -1;
+      if( pSorter->list.pList ){
+        iListOff = (u8*)pSorter->list.pList - pSorter->list.aMemory;
+      }
       while( nNew < nMin ) nNew = nNew*2;
       if( nNew > pSorter->mxPmaSize ) nNew = pSorter->mxPmaSize;
       if( nNew < nMin ) nNew = nMin;
-
       aNew = sqlite3Realloc(pSorter->list.aMemory, nNew);
       if( !aNew ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-      pSorter->list.pList = (SorterRecord*)&aNew[iListOff];
+      if( iListOff>=0 ){
+        pSorter->list.pList = (SorterRecord*)&aNew[iListOff];
+      }
       pSorter->list.aMemory = aNew;
       pSorter->nMemory = nNew;
     }
@@ -92682,11 +96270,11 @@ static int vdbeIncrBgPopulate(IncrMerger *pIncr){
 ** aFile[0] such that the PmaReader should start rereading it from the
 ** beginning.
 **
-** For single-threaded objects, this is accomplished by literally reading 
-** keys from pIncr->pMerger and repopulating aFile[0]. 
+** For single-threaded objects, this is accomplished by literally reading
+** keys from pIncr->pMerger and repopulating aFile[0].
 **
-** For multi-threaded objects, all that is required is to wait until the 
-** background thread is finished (if it is not already) and then swap 
+** For multi-threaded objects, all that is required is to wait until the
+** background thread is finished (if it is not already) and then swap
 ** aFile[0] and aFile[1] in place. If the contents of pMerger have not
 ** been exhausted, this function also launches a new background thread
 ** to populate the new aFile[1].
@@ -92826,7 +96414,7 @@ static void vdbeMergeEngineCompare(
 #define INCRINIT_TASK   1
 #define INCRINIT_ROOT   2
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Forward reference required as the vdbeIncrMergeInit() and
 ** vdbePmaReaderIncrInit() routines are called mutually recursively when
 ** building a merge tree.
@@ -92835,7 +96423,7 @@ static int vdbePmaReaderIncrInit(PmaReader *pReadr, int eMode);
 
 /*
 ** Initialize the MergeEngine object passed as the second argument. Once this
-** function returns, the first key of merged data may be read from the 
+** function returns, the first key of merged data may be read from the
 ** MergeEngine object in the usual fashion.
 **
 ** If argument eMode is INCRINIT_ROOT, then it is assumed that any IncrMerge
@@ -92845,8 +96433,8 @@ static int vdbePmaReaderIncrInit(PmaReader *pReadr, int eMode);
 ** required is to call vdbePmaReaderNext() on each PmaReader to point it at
 ** its first key.
 **
-** Otherwise, if eMode is any value other than INCRINIT_ROOT, then use 
-** vdbePmaReaderIncrMergeInit() to initialize each PmaReader that feeds data 
+** Otherwise, if eMode is any value other than INCRINIT_ROOT, then use
+** vdbePmaReaderIncrMergeInit() to initialize each PmaReader that feeds data
 ** to pMerger.
 **
 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
@@ -92901,19 +96489,19 @@ static int vdbeMergeEngineInit(
 ** object at (pReadr->pIncr).
 **
 ** If argument eMode is set to INCRINIT_NORMAL, then all PmaReaders
-** in the sub-tree headed by pReadr are also initialized. Data is then 
-** loaded into the buffers belonging to pReadr and it is set to point to 
+** in the sub-tree headed by pReadr are also initialized. Data is then
+** loaded into the buffers belonging to pReadr and it is set to point to
 ** the first key in its range.
 **
 ** If argument eMode is set to INCRINIT_TASK, then pReadr is guaranteed
 ** to be a multi-threaded PmaReader and this function is being called in a
-** background thread. In this case all PmaReaders in the sub-tree are 
+** background thread. In this case all PmaReaders in the sub-tree are
 ** initialized as for INCRINIT_NORMAL and the aFile[1] buffer belonging to
 ** pReadr is populated. However, pReadr itself is not set up to point
 ** to its first key. A call to vdbePmaReaderNext() is still required to do
-** that. 
+** that.
 **
-** The reason this function does not call vdbePmaReaderNext() immediately 
+** The reason this function does not call vdbePmaReaderNext() immediately
 ** in the INCRINIT_TASK case is that vdbePmaReaderNext() assumes that it has
 ** to block on thread (pTask->thread) before accessing aFile[1]. But, since
 ** this entire function is being run by thread (pTask->thread), that will
@@ -92969,12 +96557,12 @@ static int vdbePmaReaderIncrMergeInit(PmaReader *pReadr, int eMode){
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pIncr->bUseThread ){
     /* Use the current thread to populate aFile[1], even though this
     ** PmaReader is multi-threaded. If this is an INCRINIT_TASK object,
-    ** then this function is already running in background thread 
-    ** pIncr->pTask->thread. 
+    ** then this function is already running in background thread
+    ** pIncr->pTask->thread.
     **
-    ** If this is the INCRINIT_ROOT object, then it is running in the 
+    ** If this is the INCRINIT_ROOT object, then it is running in the
     ** main VDBE thread. But that is Ok, as that thread cannot return
-    ** control to the VDBE or proceed with anything useful until the 
+    ** control to the VDBE or proceed with anything useful until the
     ** first results are ready from this merger object anyway.
     */
     assert( eMode==INCRINIT_ROOT || eMode==INCRINIT_TASK );
@@ -92991,7 +96579,7 @@ static int vdbePmaReaderIncrMergeInit(PmaReader *pReadr, int eMode){
 
 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
 /*
-** The main routine for vdbePmaReaderIncrMergeInit() operations run in 
+** The main routine for vdbePmaReaderIncrMergeInit() operations run in
 ** background threads.
 */
 static void *vdbePmaReaderBgIncrInit(void *pCtx){
@@ -93009,8 +96597,8 @@ static void *vdbePmaReaderBgIncrInit(void *pCtx){
 ** (if pReadr->pIncr==0), then this function is a no-op. Otherwise, it invokes
 ** the vdbePmaReaderIncrMergeInit() function with the parameters passed to
 ** this routine to initialize the incremental merge.
-** 
-** If the IncrMerger object is multi-threaded (IncrMerger.bUseThread==1), 
+**
+** If the IncrMerger object is multi-threaded (IncrMerger.bUseThread==1),
 ** then a background thread is launched to call vdbePmaReaderIncrMergeInit().
 ** Or, if the IncrMerger is single threaded, the same function is called
 ** using the current thread.
@@ -93040,7 +96628,7 @@ static int vdbePmaReaderIncrInit(PmaReader *pReadr, int eMode){
 ** to NULL and return an SQLite error code.
 **
 ** When this function is called, *piOffset is set to the offset of the
-** first PMA to read from pTask->file. Assuming no error occurs, it is 
+** first PMA to read from pTask->file. Assuming no error occurs, it is
 ** set to the offset immediately following the last byte of the last
 ** PMA before returning. If an error does occur, then the final value of
 ** *piOffset is undefined.
@@ -93150,12 +96738,12 @@ static int vdbeSorterAddToTree(
 /*
 ** This function is called as part of a SorterRewind() operation on a sorter
 ** that has already written two or more level-0 PMAs to one or more temp
-** files. It builds a tree of MergeEngine/IncrMerger/PmaReader objects that 
+** files. It builds a tree of MergeEngine/IncrMerger/PmaReader objects that
 ** can be used to incrementally merge all PMAs on disk.
 **
 ** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned and *ppOut set to point to the
 ** MergeEngine object at the root of the tree before returning. Or, if an
-** error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final value 
+** error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final value
 ** of *ppOut is undefined.
 */
 static int vdbeSorterMergeTreeBuild(
@@ -93167,8 +96755,8 @@ static int vdbeSorterMergeTreeBuild(
   int iTask;
 
 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
-  /* If the sorter uses more than one task, then create the top-level 
-  ** MergeEngine here. This MergeEngine will read data from exactly 
+  /* If the sorter uses more than one task, then create the top-level
+  ** MergeEngine here. This MergeEngine will read data from exactly
   ** one PmaReader per sub-task.  */
   assert( pSorter->bUseThreads || pSorter->nTask==1 );
   if( pSorter->nTask>1 ){
@@ -93277,7 +96865,7 @@ static int vdbeSorterSetupMerge(VdbeSorter *pSorter){
           }
           for(iTask=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && iTask<pSorter->nTask; iTask++){
             /* Check that:
-            **   
+            **
             **   a) The incremental merge object is configured to use the
             **      right task, and
             **   b) If it is using task (nTask-1), it is configured to run
@@ -93340,7 +96928,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterRewind(const VdbeCursor *pCsr, int *pbEof){
     return rc;
   }
 
-  /* Write the current in-memory list to a PMA. When the VdbeSorterWrite() 
+  /* Write the current in-memory list to a PMA. When the VdbeSorterWrite()
   ** function flushes the contents of memory to disk, it immediately always
   ** creates a new list consisting of a single key immediately afterwards.
   ** So the list is never empty at this point.  */
@@ -93352,7 +96940,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterRewind(const VdbeCursor *pCsr, int *pbEof){
 
   vdbeSorterRewindDebug("rewind");
 
-  /* Assuming no errors have occurred, set up a merger structure to 
+  /* Assuming no errors have occurred, set up a merger structure to
   ** incrementally read and merge all remaining PMAs.  */
   assert( pSorter->pReader==0 );
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -93406,7 +96994,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(sqlite3 *db, const VdbeCursor *pCsr){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return a pointer to a buffer owned by the sorter that contains the 
+** Return a pointer to a buffer owned by the sorter that contains the
 ** current key.
 */
 static void *vdbeSorterRowkey(
@@ -93506,6 +97094,433 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterCompare(
 }
 
 /************** End of vdbesort.c ********************************************/
+/************** Begin file vdbevtab.c ****************************************/
+/*
+** 2020-03-23
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+**
+** This file implements virtual-tables for examining the bytecode content
+** of a prepared statement.
+*/
+/* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
+/* #include "vdbeInt.h" */
+
+/* An instance of the bytecode() table-valued function.
+*/
+typedef struct bytecodevtab bytecodevtab;
+struct bytecodevtab {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;     /* Base class - must be first */
+  sqlite3 *db;           /* Database connection */
+  int bTablesUsed;       /* 2 for tables_used().  0 for bytecode(). */
+};
+
+/* A cursor for scanning through the bytecode
+*/
+typedef struct bytecodevtab_cursor bytecodevtab_cursor;
+struct bytecodevtab_cursor {
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;       /* The statement whose bytecode is displayed */
+  int iRowid;                /* The rowid of the output table */
+  int iAddr;                 /* Address */
+  int needFinalize;          /* Cursors owns pStmt and must finalize it */
+  int showSubprograms;       /* Provide a listing of subprograms */
+  Op *aOp;                   /* Operand array */
+  char *zP4;                 /* Rendered P4 value */
+  const char *zType;         /* tables_used.type */
+  const char *zSchema;       /* tables_used.schema */
+  const char *zName;         /* tables_used.name */
+  Mem sub;                   /* Subprograms */
+};
+
+/*
+** Create a new bytecode() table-valued function.
+*/
+static int bytecodevtabConnect(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  bytecodevtab *pNew;
+  int rc;
+  int isTabUsed = pAux!=0;
+  const char *azSchema[2] = {
+    /* bytecode() schema */
+    "CREATE TABLE x("
+      "addr INT,"
+      "opcode TEXT,"
+      "p1 INT,"
+      "p2 INT,"
+      "p3 INT,"
+      "p4 TEXT,"
+      "p5 INT,"
+      "comment TEXT,"
+      "subprog TEXT,"
+      "stmt HIDDEN"
+    ");",
+
+    /* Tables_used() schema */
+    "CREATE TABLE x("
+      "type TEXT,"
+      "schema TEXT,"
+      "name TEXT,"
+      "wr INT,"
+      "subprog TEXT,"
+      "stmt HIDDEN"
+   ");"
+  };
+
+  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, azSchema[isTabUsed]);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pNew = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
+    *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pNew;
+    if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
+    pNew->db = db;
+    pNew->bTablesUsed = isTabUsed*2;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This method is the destructor for bytecodevtab objects.
+*/
+static int bytecodevtabDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  bytecodevtab *p = (bytecodevtab*)pVtab;
+  sqlite3_free(p);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Constructor for a new bytecodevtab_cursor object.
+*/
+static int bytecodevtabOpen(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
+  bytecodevtab *pVTab = (bytecodevtab*)p;
+  bytecodevtab_cursor *pCur;
+  pCur = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCur) );
+  if( pCur==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(*pCur));
+  sqlite3VdbeMemInit(&pCur->sub, pVTab->db, 1);
+  *ppCursor = &pCur->base;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Clear all internal content from a bytecodevtab cursor.
+*/
+static void bytecodevtabCursorClear(bytecodevtab_cursor *pCur){
+  sqlite3_free(pCur->zP4);
+  pCur->zP4 = 0;
+  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&pCur->sub);
+  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(&pCur->sub);
+  if( pCur->needFinalize ){
+    sqlite3_finalize(pCur->pStmt);
+  }
+  pCur->pStmt = 0;
+  pCur->needFinalize = 0;
+  pCur->zType = 0;
+  pCur->zSchema = 0;
+  pCur->zName = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Destructor for a bytecodevtab_cursor.
+*/
+static int bytecodevtabClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  bytecodevtab_cursor *pCur = (bytecodevtab_cursor*)cur;
+  bytecodevtabCursorClear(pCur);
+  sqlite3_free(pCur);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Advance a bytecodevtab_cursor to its next row of output.
+*/
+static int bytecodevtabNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  bytecodevtab_cursor *pCur = (bytecodevtab_cursor*)cur;
+  bytecodevtab *pTab = (bytecodevtab*)cur->pVtab;
+  int rc;
+  if( pCur->zP4 ){
+    sqlite3_free(pCur->zP4);
+    pCur->zP4 = 0;
+  }
+  if( pCur->zName ){
+    pCur->zName = 0;
+    pCur->zType = 0;
+    pCur->zSchema = 0;
+  }
+  rc = sqlite3VdbeNextOpcode(
+           (Vdbe*)pCur->pStmt,
+           pCur->showSubprograms ? &pCur->sub : 0,
+           pTab->bTablesUsed,
+           &pCur->iRowid,
+           &pCur->iAddr,
+           &pCur->aOp);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(&pCur->sub);
+    pCur->aOp = 0;
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the cursor has been moved off of the last
+** row of output.
+*/
+static int bytecodevtabEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  bytecodevtab_cursor *pCur = (bytecodevtab_cursor*)cur;
+  return pCur->aOp==0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return values of columns for the row at which the bytecodevtab_cursor
+** is currently pointing.
+*/
+static int bytecodevtabColumn(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
+  int i                       /* Which column to return */
+){
+  bytecodevtab_cursor *pCur = (bytecodevtab_cursor*)cur;
+  bytecodevtab *pVTab = (bytecodevtab*)cur->pVtab;
+  Op *pOp = pCur->aOp + pCur->iAddr;
+  if( pVTab->bTablesUsed ){
+    if( i==4 ){
+      i = 8;
+    }else{
+      if( i<=2 && pCur->zType==0 ){
+        Schema *pSchema;
+        HashElem *k;
+        int iDb = pOp->p3;
+        Pgno iRoot = (Pgno)pOp->p2;
+        sqlite3 *db = pVTab->db;
+        pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
+        pCur->zSchema = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
+        for(k=sqliteHashFirst(&pSchema->tblHash); k; k=sqliteHashNext(k)){
+          Table *pTab = (Table*)sqliteHashData(k);
+          if( !IsVirtual(pTab) && pTab->tnum==iRoot ){
+            pCur->zName = pTab->zName;
+            pCur->zType = "table";
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        if( pCur->zName==0 ){
+          for(k=sqliteHashFirst(&pSchema->idxHash); k; k=sqliteHashNext(k)){
+            Index *pIdx = (Index*)sqliteHashData(k);
+            if( pIdx->tnum==iRoot ){
+              pCur->zName = pIdx->zName;
+              pCur->zType = "index";
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      i += 10;
+    }
+  }
+  switch( i ){
+    case 0:   /* addr */
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pCur->iAddr);
+      break;
+    case 1:   /* opcode */
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, (char*)sqlite3OpcodeName(pOp->opcode),
+                          -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      break;
+    case 2:   /* p1 */
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pOp->p1);
+      break;
+    case 3:   /* p2 */
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pOp->p2);
+      break;
+    case 4:   /* p3 */
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pOp->p3);
+      break;
+    case 5:   /* p4 */
+    case 7:   /* comment */
+      if( pCur->zP4==0 ){
+        pCur->zP4 = sqlite3VdbeDisplayP4(pVTab->db, pOp);
+      }
+      if( i==5 ){
+        sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCur->zP4, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      }else{
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
+        char *zCom = sqlite3VdbeDisplayComment(pVTab->db, pOp, pCur->zP4);
+        sqlite3_result_text(ctx, zCom, -1, sqlite3_free);
+#endif
+      }
+      break;
+    case 6:     /* p5 */
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pOp->p5);
+      break;
+    case 8: {   /* subprog */
+      Op *aOp = pCur->aOp;
+      assert( aOp[0].opcode==OP_Init );
+      assert( aOp[0].p4.z==0 || strncmp(aOp[0].p4.z,"-" "- ",3)==0 );
+      if( pCur->iRowid==pCur->iAddr+1 ){
+        break;  /* Result is NULL for the main program */
+      }else if( aOp[0].p4.z!=0 ){
+         sqlite3_result_text(ctx, aOp[0].p4.z+3, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      }else{
+         sqlite3_result_text(ctx, "(FK)", 4, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 10:  /* tables_used.type */
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCur->zType, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      break;
+    case 11:  /* tables_used.schema */
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCur->zSchema, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      break;
+    case 12:  /* tables_used.name */
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCur->zName, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      break;
+    case 13:  /* tables_used.wr */
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pOp->opcode==OP_OpenWrite);
+      break;
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the rowid for the current row.  In this implementation, the
+** rowid is the same as the output value.
+*/
+static int bytecodevtabRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
+  bytecodevtab_cursor *pCur = (bytecodevtab_cursor*)cur;
+  *pRowid = pCur->iRowid;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Initialize a cursor.
+**
+**    idxNum==0     means show all subprograms
+**    idxNum==1     means show only the main bytecode and omit subprograms.
+*/
+static int bytecodevtabFilter(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor,
+  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  bytecodevtab_cursor *pCur = (bytecodevtab_cursor *)pVtabCursor;
+  bytecodevtab *pVTab = (bytecodevtab *)pVtabCursor->pVtab;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  bytecodevtabCursorClear(pCur);
+  pCur->iRowid = 0;
+  pCur->iAddr = 0;
+  pCur->showSubprograms = idxNum==0;
+  assert( argc==1 );
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_TEXT ){
+    const char *zSql = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+    if( zSql==0 ){
+      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(pVTab->db, zSql, -1, &pCur->pStmt, 0);
+      pCur->needFinalize = 1;
+    }
+  }else{
+    pCur->pStmt = (sqlite3_stmt*)sqlite3_value_pointer(argv[0],"stmt-pointer");
+  }
+  if( pCur->pStmt==0 ){
+    pVTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
+       "argument to %s() is not a valid SQL statement",
+       pVTab->bTablesUsed ? "tables_used" : "bytecode"
+    );
+    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }else{
+    bytecodevtabNext(pVtabCursor);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** We must have a single stmt=? constraint that will be passed through
+** into the xFilter method.  If there is no valid stmt=? constraint,
+** then return an SQLITE_CONSTRAINT error.
+*/
+static int bytecodevtabBestIndex(
+  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
+  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
+){
+  int i;
+  int rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+  struct sqlite3_index_constraint *p;
+  bytecodevtab *pVTab = (bytecodevtab*)tab;
+  int iBaseCol = pVTab->bTablesUsed ? 4 : 8;
+  pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)100;
+  pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 100;
+  pIdxInfo->idxNum = 0;
+  for(i=0, p=pIdxInfo->aConstraint; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, p++){
+    if( p->usable==0 ) continue;
+    if( p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ && p->iColumn==iBaseCol+1 ){
+      rc = SQLITE_OK;
+      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].omit = 1;
+      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = 1;
+    }
+    if( p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL && p->iColumn==iBaseCol ){
+      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].omit = 1;
+      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This following structure defines all the methods for the
+** virtual table.
+*/
+static sqlite3_module bytecodevtabModule = {
+  /* iVersion    */ 0,
+  /* xCreate     */ 0,
+  /* xConnect    */ bytecodevtabConnect,
+  /* xBestIndex  */ bytecodevtabBestIndex,
+  /* xDisconnect */ bytecodevtabDisconnect,
+  /* xDestroy    */ 0,
+  /* xOpen       */ bytecodevtabOpen,
+  /* xClose      */ bytecodevtabClose,
+  /* xFilter     */ bytecodevtabFilter,
+  /* xNext       */ bytecodevtabNext,
+  /* xEof        */ bytecodevtabEof,
+  /* xColumn     */ bytecodevtabColumn,
+  /* xRowid      */ bytecodevtabRowid,
+  /* xUpdate     */ 0,
+  /* xBegin      */ 0,
+  /* xSync       */ 0,
+  /* xCommit     */ 0,
+  /* xRollback   */ 0,
+  /* xFindMethod */ 0,
+  /* xRename     */ 0,
+  /* xSavepoint  */ 0,
+  /* xRelease    */ 0,
+  /* xRollbackTo */ 0,
+  /* xShadowName */ 0
+};
+
+
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeBytecodeVtabInit(sqlite3 *db){
+  int rc;
+  rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, "bytecode", &bytecodevtabModule, 0);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, "tables_used", &bytecodevtabModule, &db);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+#elif defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeBytecodeVtabInit(sqlite3 *db){ return SQLITE_OK; }
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB */
+
+/************** End of vdbevtab.c ********************************************/
 /************** Begin file memjournal.c **************************************/
 /*
 ** 2008 October 7
@@ -93605,18 +97620,13 @@ static int memjrnlRead(
   int iChunkOffset;
   FileChunk *pChunk;
 
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE) \
- || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
   if( (iAmt+iOfst)>p->endpoint.iOffset ){
     return SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ;
   }
-#endif
-
-  assert( (iAmt+iOfst)<=p->endpoint.iOffset );
   assert( p->readpoint.iOffset==0 || p->readpoint.pChunk!=0 );
   if( p->readpoint.iOffset!=iOfst || iOfst==0 ){
     sqlite3_int64 iOff = 0;
-    for(pChunk=p->pFirst; 
+    for(pChunk=p->pFirst;
         ALWAYS(pChunk) && (iOff+p->nChunkSize)<=iOfst;
         pChunk=pChunk->pNext
     ){
@@ -93651,7 +97661,7 @@ static void memjrnlFreeChunks(MemJournal *p){
   for(pIter=p->pFirst; pIter; pIter=pNext){
     pNext = pIter->pNext;
     sqlite3_free(pIter);
-  } 
+  }
   p->pFirst = 0;
 }
 
@@ -93723,7 +97733,7 @@ static int memjrnlWrite(
     ** access writes are not required. The only exception to this is when
     ** the in-memory journal is being used by a connection using the
     ** atomic-write optimization. In this case the first 28 bytes of the
-    ** journal file may be written as part of committing the transaction. */ 
+    ** journal file may be written as part of committing the transaction. */
     assert( iOfst==p->endpoint.iOffset || iOfst==0 );
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE) \
  || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
@@ -93774,7 +97784,7 @@ static int memjrnlWrite(
 **
 ** If the journal file is already on disk, truncate it there. Or, if it
 ** is still in main memory but is being truncated to zero bytes in size,
-** ignore 
+** ignore
 */
 static int memjrnlTruncate(sqlite3_file *pJfd, sqlite_int64 size){
   MemJournal *p = (MemJournal *)pJfd;
@@ -93801,8 +97811,8 @@ static int memjrnlClose(sqlite3_file *pJfd){
 /*
 ** Sync the file.
 **
-** If the real file has been created, call its xSync method. Otherwise, 
-** syncing an in-memory journal is a no-op. 
+** If the real file has been created, call its xSync method. Otherwise,
+** syncing an in-memory journal is a no-op.
 */
 static int memjrnlSync(sqlite3_file *pJfd, int flags){
   UNUSED_PARAMETER2(pJfd, flags);
@@ -93843,11 +97853,11 @@ static const struct sqlite3_io_methods MemJournalMethods = {
   0                 /* xUnfetch */
 };
 
-/* 
-** Open a journal file. 
+/*
+** Open a journal file.
 **
-** The behaviour of the journal file depends on the value of parameter 
-** nSpill. If nSpill is 0, then the journal file is always create and 
+** The behaviour of the journal file depends on the value of parameter
+** nSpill. If nSpill is 0, then the journal file is always create and
 ** accessed using the underlying VFS. If nSpill is less than zero, then
 ** all content is always stored in main-memory. Finally, if nSpill is a
 ** positive value, then the journal file is initially created in-memory
@@ -93880,7 +97890,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3JournalOpen(
     assert( MEMJOURNAL_DFLT_FILECHUNKSIZE==fileChunkSize(p->nChunkSize) );
   }
 
-  p->pMethod = (const sqlite3_io_methods*)&MemJournalMethods;
+  pJfd->pMethods = (const sqlite3_io_methods*)&MemJournalMethods;
   p->nSpill = nSpill;
   p->flags = flags;
   p->zJournal = zName;
@@ -93898,15 +97908,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *pJfd){
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE) \
  || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
 /*
-** If the argument p points to a MemJournal structure that is not an 
+** If the argument p points to a MemJournal structure that is not an
 ** in-memory-only journal file (i.e. is one that was opened with a +ve
-** nSpill parameter or as SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL), and the underlying 
+** nSpill parameter or as SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL), and the underlying
 ** file has not yet been created, create it now.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *pJfd){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   MemJournal *p = (MemJournal*)pJfd;
-  if( p->pMethod==&MemJournalMethods && (
+  if( pJfd->pMethods==&MemJournalMethods && (
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
      p->nSpill>0
 #else
@@ -93934,7 +97944,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p){
   return p->pMethods==&MemJournalMethods;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Return the number of bytes required to store a JournalFile that uses vfs
 ** pVfs to create the underlying on-disk files.
 */
@@ -93963,6 +97973,35 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs){
 /* #include <string.h> */
 
 
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC)
+/*
+** Walk all expressions linked into the list of Window objects passed
+** as the second argument.
+*/
+static int walkWindowList(Walker *pWalker, Window *pList){
+  Window *pWin;
+  for(pWin=pList; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
+    int rc;
+    rc = sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pWin->pOrderBy);
+    if( rc ) return WRC_Abort;
+    rc = sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pWin->pPartition);
+    if( rc ) return WRC_Abort;
+    rc = sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pWin->pFilter);
+    if( rc ) return WRC_Abort;
+
+    /* The next two are purely for calls to sqlite3RenameExprUnmap()
+    ** within sqlite3WindowOffsetExpr().  Because of constraints imposed
+    ** by sqlite3WindowOffsetExpr(), they can never fail.  The results do
+    ** not matter anyhow. */
+    rc = sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pWin->pStart);
+    if( NEVER(rc) ) return WRC_Abort;
+    rc = sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pWin->pEnd);
+    if( NEVER(rc) ) return WRC_Abort;
+  }
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Walk an expression tree.  Invoke the callback once for each node
 ** of the expression, while descending.  (In other words, the callback
@@ -93990,24 +98029,25 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int walkExpr(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
     rc = pWalker->xExprCallback(pWalker, pExpr);
     if( rc ) return rc & WRC_Abort;
     if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr,(EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf)) ){
+      assert( pExpr->x.pList==0 || pExpr->pRight==0 );
       if( pExpr->pLeft && walkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pLeft) ) return WRC_Abort;
-       assert( pExpr->x.pList==0 || pExpr->pRight==0 );
       if( pExpr->pRight ){
+        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) );
         pExpr = pExpr->pRight;
         continue;
       }else if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
+        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) );
         if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pExpr->x.pSelect) ) return WRC_Abort;
-      }else if( pExpr->x.pList ){
-        if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pExpr->x.pList) ) return WRC_Abort;
-      }
+      }else{
+        if( pExpr->x.pList ){
+          if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pExpr->x.pList) ) return WRC_Abort;
+        }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-      if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Reduced) && pExpr->pWin ){
-        Window *pWin = pExpr->pWin;
-        if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pWin->pPartition) ) return WRC_Abort;
-        if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pWin->pOrderBy) ) return WRC_Abort;
-        if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pWin->pFilter) ) return WRC_Abort;
-      }
+        if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
+          if( walkWindowList(pWalker, pExpr->y.pWin) ) return WRC_Abort;
+        }
 #endif
+      }
     }
     break;
   }
@@ -94045,6 +98085,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, p->pHaving) ) return WRC_Abort;
   if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, p->pOrderBy) ) return WRC_Abort;
   if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, p->pLimit) ) return WRC_Abort;
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
+  {
+    Parse *pParse = pWalker->pParse;
+    if( pParse && IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
+      /* The following may return WRC_Abort if there are unresolvable
+      ** symbols (e.g. a table that does not exist) in a window definition. */
+      int rc = walkWindowList(pWalker, p->pWinDefn);
+      return rc;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
 
@@ -94052,7 +98103,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
 ** Walk the parse trees associated with all subqueries in the
 ** FROM clause of SELECT statement p.  Do not invoke the select
 ** callback on p, but do invoke it on each FROM clause subquery
-** and on any subqueries further down in the tree.  Return 
+** and on any subqueries further down in the tree.  Return
 ** WRC_Abort or WRC_Continue;
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
@@ -94061,24 +98112,25 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   struct SrcList_item *pItem;
 
   pSrc = p->pSrc;
-  assert( pSrc!=0 );
-  for(i=pSrc->nSrc, pItem=pSrc->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
-    if( pItem->pSelect && sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pItem->pSelect) ){
-      return WRC_Abort;
-    }
-    if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc
-     && sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pItem->u1.pFuncArg)
-    ){
-      return WRC_Abort;
+  if( pSrc ){
+    for(i=pSrc->nSrc, pItem=pSrc->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
+      if( pItem->pSelect && sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pItem->pSelect) ){
+        return WRC_Abort;
+      }
+      if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc
+       && sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pItem->u1.pFuncArg)
+      ){
+        return WRC_Abort;
+      }
     }
   }
   return WRC_Continue;
-} 
+}
 
 /*
 ** Call sqlite3WalkExpr() for every expression in Select statement p.
 ** Invoke sqlite3WalkSelect() for subqueries in the FROM clause and
-** on the compound select chain, p->pPrior. 
+** on the compound select chain, p->pPrior.
 **
 ** If it is not NULL, the xSelectCallback() callback is invoked before
 ** the walk of the expressions and FROM clause. The xSelectCallback2()
@@ -94112,6 +98164,43 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
 
+/* Increase the walkerDepth when entering a subquery, and
+** descrease when leaving the subquery.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkerDepthIncrease(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pSelect);
+  pWalker->walkerDepth++;
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WalkerDepthDecrease(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pSelect);
+  pWalker->walkerDepth--;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** No-op routine for the parse-tree walker.
+**
+** When this routine is the Walker.xExprCallback then expression trees
+** are walked without any actions being taken at each node.  Presumably,
+** when this routine is used for Walker.xExprCallback then
+** Walker.xSelectCallback is set to do something useful for every
+** subquery in the parser tree.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker *NotUsed, Expr *NotUsed2){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+
+/*
+** No-op routine for the parse-tree walker for SELECT statements.
+** subquery in the parser tree.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker *NotUsed, Select *NotUsed2){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+
 /************** End of walker.c **********************************************/
 /************** Begin file resolve.c *****************************************/
 /*
@@ -94132,6 +98221,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
 */
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 
+/*
+** Magic table number to mean the EXCLUDED table in an UPSERT statement.
+*/
+#define EXCLUDED_TABLE_NUMBER  2
+
 /*
 ** Walk the expression tree pExpr and increase the aggregate function
 ** depth (the Expr.op2 field) by N on every TK_AGG_FUNCTION node.
@@ -94140,6 +98234,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
 **
 ** incrAggFunctionDepth(pExpr,n) is the main routine.  incrAggDepth(..)
 ** is a helper function - a callback for the tree walker.
+**
+** See also the sqlite3WindowExtraAggFuncDepth() routine in window.c
 */
 static int incrAggDepth(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
   if( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION ) pExpr->op2 += pWalker->u.n;
@@ -94196,9 +98292,8 @@ static void resolveAlias(
     if( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE ){
       pDup = sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pParse, pDup, pExpr->u.zToken);
     }
-    ExprSetProperty(pDup, EP_Alias);
 
-    /* Before calling sqlite3ExprDelete(), set the EP_Static flag. This 
+    /* Before calling sqlite3ExprDelete(), set the EP_Static flag. This
     ** prevents ExprDelete() from deleting the Expr structure itself,
     ** allowing it to be repopulated by the memcpy() on the following line.
     ** The pExpr->u.zToken might point into memory that will be freed by the
@@ -94213,6 +98308,13 @@ static void resolveAlias(
       pExpr->u.zToken = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pExpr->u.zToken);
       pExpr->flags |= EP_MemToken;
     }
+    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
+      if( pExpr->y.pWin!=0 ){
+        pExpr->y.pWin->pOwner = pExpr;
+      }else{
+        assert( db->mallocFailed );
+      }
+    }
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pDup);
   }
   ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Alias);
@@ -94242,13 +98344,16 @@ static int nameInUsingClause(IdList *pUsing, const char *zCol){
 ** and zCol.  If any of zDb, zTab, and zCol are NULL then those fields will
 ** match anything.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MatchSpanName(
-  const char *zSpan,
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MatchEName(
+  const struct ExprList_item *pItem,
   const char *zCol,
   const char *zTab,
   const char *zDb
 ){
   int n;
+  const char *zSpan;
+  if( pItem->eEName!=ENAME_TAB ) return 0;
+  zSpan = pItem->zEName;
   for(n=0; ALWAYS(zSpan[n]) && zSpan[n]!='.'; n++){}
   if( zDb && (sqlite3StrNICmp(zSpan, zDb, n)!=0 || zDb[n]!=0) ){
     return 0;
@@ -94265,9 +98370,51 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MatchSpanName(
   return 1;
 }
 
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the double-quoted string  mis-feature should be supported.
+*/
+static int areDoubleQuotedStringsEnabled(sqlite3 *db, NameContext *pTopNC){
+  if( db->init.busy ) return 1;  /* Always support for legacy schemas */
+  if( pTopNC->ncFlags & NC_IsDDL ){
+    /* Currently parsing a DDL statement */
+    if( sqlite3WritableSchema(db) && (db->flags & SQLITE_DqsDML)!=0 ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+    return (db->flags & SQLITE_DqsDDL)!=0;
+  }else{
+    /* Currently parsing a DML statement */
+    return (db->flags & SQLITE_DqsDML)!=0;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** The argument is guaranteed to be a non-NULL Expr node of type TK_COLUMN.
+** return the appropriate colUsed mask.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3ExprColUsed(Expr *pExpr){
+  int n;
+  Table *pExTab;
+
+  n = pExpr->iColumn;
+  pExTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
+  assert( pExTab!=0 );
+  if( (pExTab->tabFlags & TF_HasGenerated)!=0
+   && (pExTab->aCol[n].colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)!=0
+  ){
+    testcase( pExTab->nCol==BMS-1 );
+    testcase( pExTab->nCol==BMS );
+    return pExTab->nCol>=BMS ? ALLBITS : MASKBIT(pExTab->nCol)-1;
+  }else{
+    testcase( n==BMS-1 );
+    testcase( n==BMS );
+    if( n>=BMS ) n = BMS-1;
+    return ((Bitmask)1)<<n;
+  }
+}
+
 /*
 ** Given the name of a column of the form X.Y.Z or Y.Z or just Z, look up
-** that name in the set of source tables in pSrcList and make the pExpr 
+** that name in the set of source tables in pSrcList and make the pExpr
 ** expression node refer back to that source column.  The following changes
 ** are made to pExpr:
 **
@@ -94275,7 +98422,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MatchSpanName(
 **                         (even if X is implied).
 **    pExpr->iTable        Set to the cursor number for the table obtained
 **                         from pSrcList.
-**    pExpr->pTab          Points to the Table structure of X.Y (even if
+**    pExpr->y.pTab        Points to the Table structure of X.Y (even if
 **                         X and/or Y are implied.)
 **    pExpr->iColumn       Set to the column number within the table.
 **    pExpr->op            Set to TK_COLUMN.
@@ -94319,7 +98466,6 @@ static int lookupName(
 
   /* Initialize the node to no-match */
   pExpr->iTable = -1;
-  pExpr->pTab = 0;
   ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_NoReduce);
 
   /* Translate the schema name in zDb into a pointer to the corresponding
@@ -94343,6 +98489,12 @@ static int lookupName(
           break;
         }
       }
+      if( i==db->nDb && sqlite3StrICmp("main", zDb)==0 ){
+        /* This branch is taken when the main database has been renamed
+        ** using SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME. */
+        pSchema = db->aDb[0].pSchema;
+        zDb = db->aDb[0].zDbSName;
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -94354,6 +98506,7 @@ static int lookupName(
 
     if( pSrcList ){
       for(i=0, pItem=pSrcList->a; i<pSrcList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
+        u8 hCol;
         pTab = pItem->pTab;
         assert( pTab!=0 && pTab->zName!=0 );
         assert( pTab->nCol>0 );
@@ -94361,7 +98514,7 @@ static int lookupName(
           int hit = 0;
           pEList = pItem->pSelect->pEList;
           for(j=0; j<pEList->nExpr; j++){
-            if( sqlite3MatchSpanName(pEList->a[j].zSpan, zCol, zTab, zDb) ){
+            if( sqlite3MatchEName(&pEList->a[j], zCol, zTab, zDb) ){
               cnt++;
               cntTab = 2;
               pMatch = pItem;
@@ -94381,16 +98534,17 @@ static int lookupName(
             continue;
           }
           if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && pItem->zAlias ){
-            sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)&pExpr->pTab);
+            sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)&pExpr->y.pTab);
           }
         }
         if( 0==(cntTab++) ){
           pMatch = pItem;
         }
+        hCol = sqlite3StrIHash(zCol);
         for(j=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; j<pTab->nCol; j++, pCol++){
-          if( sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zCol)==0 ){
+          if( pCol->hName==hCol && sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zCol)==0 ){
             /* If there has been exactly one prior match and this match
-            ** is for the right-hand table of a NATURAL JOIN or is in a 
+            ** is for the right-hand table of a NATURAL JOIN or is in a
             ** USING clause, then skip this match.
             */
             if( cnt==1 ){
@@ -94407,18 +98561,18 @@ static int lookupName(
       }
       if( pMatch ){
         pExpr->iTable = pMatch->iCursor;
-        pExpr->pTab = pMatch->pTab;
+        pExpr->y.pTab = pMatch->pTab;
         /* RIGHT JOIN not (yet) supported */
         assert( (pMatch->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT)==0 );
         if( (pMatch->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
           ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_CanBeNull);
         }
-        pSchema = pExpr->pTab->pSchema;
+        pSchema = pExpr->y.pTab->pSchema;
       }
     } /* if( pSrcList ) */
 
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT)
-    /* If we have not already resolved the name, then maybe 
+    /* If we have not already resolved the name, then maybe
     ** it is a new.* or old.* trigger argument reference.  Or
     ** maybe it is an excluded.* from an upsert.
     */
@@ -94442,17 +98596,18 @@ static int lookupName(
         Upsert *pUpsert = pNC->uNC.pUpsert;
         if( pUpsert && sqlite3StrICmp("excluded",zTab)==0 ){
           pTab = pUpsert->pUpsertSrc->a[0].pTab;
-          pExpr->iTable = 2;
+          pExpr->iTable = EXCLUDED_TABLE_NUMBER;
         }
       }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT */
 
-      if( pTab ){ 
+      if( pTab ){
         int iCol;
+        u8 hCol = sqlite3StrIHash(zCol);
         pSchema = pTab->pSchema;
         cntTab++;
         for(iCol=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++, pCol++){
-          if( sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zCol)==0 ){
+          if( pCol->hName==hCol && sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zCol)==0 ){
             if( iCol==pTab->iPKey ){
               iCol = -1;
             }
@@ -94466,14 +98621,15 @@ static int lookupName(
         if( iCol<pTab->nCol ){
           cnt++;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
-          if( pExpr->iTable==2 ){
+          if( pExpr->iTable==EXCLUDED_TABLE_NUMBER ){
             testcase( iCol==(-1) );
             if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
               pExpr->iColumn = iCol;
-              pExpr->pTab = pTab;
+              pExpr->y.pTab = pTab;
               eNewExprOp = TK_COLUMN;
             }else{
-              pExpr->iTable = pNC->uNC.pUpsert->regData + iCol;
+              pExpr->iTable = pNC->uNC.pUpsert->regData +
+                 sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, iCol);
               eNewExprOp = TK_REGISTER;
               ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Alias);
             }
@@ -94482,7 +98638,7 @@ static int lookupName(
           {
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
             if( iCol<0 ){
-              pExpr->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
+              pExpr->affExpr = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
             }else if( pExpr->iTable==0 ){
               testcase( iCol==31 );
               testcase( iCol==32 );
@@ -94492,7 +98648,7 @@ static int lookupName(
               testcase( iCol==32 );
               pParse->newmask |= (iCol>=32 ? 0xffffffff : (((u32)1)<<iCol));
             }
-            pExpr->pTab = pTab;
+            pExpr->y.pTab = pTab;
             pExpr->iColumn = (i16)iCol;
             eNewExprOp = TK_TRIGGER;
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER */
@@ -94508,13 +98664,13 @@ static int lookupName(
     if( cnt==0
      && cntTab==1
      && pMatch
-     && (pNC->ncFlags & NC_IdxExpr)==0
+     && (pNC->ncFlags & (NC_IdxExpr|NC_GenCol))==0
      && sqlite3IsRowid(zCol)
      && VisibleRowid(pMatch->pTab)
     ){
       cnt = 1;
       pExpr->iColumn = -1;
-      pExpr->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
+      pExpr->affExpr = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
     }
 
     /*
@@ -94542,8 +98698,10 @@ static int lookupName(
       pEList = pNC->uNC.pEList;
       assert( pEList!=0 );
       for(j=0; j<pEList->nExpr; j++){
-        char *zAs = pEList->a[j].zName;
-        if( zAs!=0 && sqlite3StrICmp(zAs, zCol)==0 ){
+        char *zAs = pEList->a[j].zEName;
+        if( pEList->a[j].eEName==ENAME_NAME
+         && sqlite3_stricmp(zAs, zCol)==0
+        ){
           Expr *pOrig;
           assert( pExpr->pLeft==0 && pExpr->pRight==0 );
           assert( pExpr->x.pList==0 );
@@ -94553,6 +98711,12 @@ static int lookupName(
             sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aliased aggregate %s", zAs);
             return WRC_Abort;
           }
+          if( ExprHasProperty(pOrig, EP_Win)
+           && ((pNC->ncFlags&NC_AllowWin)==0 || pNC!=pTopNC )
+          ){
+            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aliased window function %s",zAs);
+            return WRC_Abort;
+          }
           if( sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pOrig)!=1 ){
             sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "row value misused");
             return WRC_Abort;
@@ -94566,7 +98730,7 @@ static int lookupName(
           }
           goto lookupname_end;
         }
-      } 
+      }
     }
 
     /* Advance to the next name context.  The loop will exit when either
@@ -94590,9 +98754,30 @@ static int lookupName(
   */
   if( cnt==0 && zTab==0 ){
     assert( pExpr->op==TK_ID );
-    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_DblQuoted) ){
+    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_DblQuoted)
+     && areDoubleQuotedStringsEnabled(db, pTopNC)
+    ){
+      /* If a double-quoted identifier does not match any known column name,
+      ** then treat it as a string.
+      **
+      ** This hack was added in the early days of SQLite in a misguided attempt
+      ** to be compatible with MySQL 3.x, which used double-quotes for strings.
+      ** I now sorely regret putting in this hack. The effect of this hack is
+      ** that misspelled identifier names are silently converted into strings
+      ** rather than causing an error, to the frustration of countless
+      ** programmers. To all those frustrated programmers, my apologies.
+      **
+      ** Someday, I hope to get rid of this hack. Unfortunately there is
+      ** a huge amount of legacy SQL that uses it. So for now, we just
+      ** issue a warning.
+      */
+      sqlite3_log(SQLITE_WARNING,
+        "double-quoted string literal: \"%w\"", zCol);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
+      sqlite3VdbeAddDblquoteStr(db, pParse->pVdbe, zCol);
+#endif
       pExpr->op = TK_STRING;
-      pExpr->pTab = 0;
+      pExpr->y.pTab = 0;
       return WRC_Prune;
     }
     if( sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(pExpr) ){
@@ -94620,18 +98805,20 @@ static int lookupName(
 
   /* If a column from a table in pSrcList is referenced, then record
   ** this fact in the pSrcList.a[].colUsed bitmask.  Column 0 causes
-  ** bit 0 to be set.  Column 1 sets bit 1.  And so forth.  If the
-  ** column number is greater than the number of bits in the bitmask
-  ** then set the high-order bit of the bitmask.
+  ** bit 0 to be set.  Column 1 sets bit 1.  And so forth.  Bit 63 is
+  ** set if the 63rd or any subsequent column is used.
+  **
+  ** The colUsed mask is an optimization used to help determine if an
+  ** index is a covering index.  The correct answer is still obtained
+  ** if the mask contains extra set bits.  However, it is important to
+  ** avoid setting bits beyond the maximum column number of the table.
+  ** (See ticket [b92e5e8ec2cdbaa1]).
+  **
+  ** If a generated column is referenced, set bits for every column
+  ** of the table.
   */
   if( pExpr->iColumn>=0 && pMatch!=0 ){
-    int n = pExpr->iColumn;
-    testcase( n==BMS-1 );
-    if( n>=BMS ){
-      n = BMS-1;
-    }
-    assert( pMatch->iCursor==pExpr->iTable );
-    pMatch->colUsed |= ((Bitmask)1)<<n;
+    pMatch->colUsed |= sqlite3ExprColUsed(pExpr);
   }
 
   /* Clean up and return
@@ -94670,15 +98857,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *db, SrcList *pSrc, int iSr
   Expr *p = sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0);
   if( p ){
     struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pSrc->a[iSrc];
-    p->pTab = pItem->pTab;
+    Table *pTab = p->y.pTab = pItem->pTab;
     p->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
-    if( p->pTab->iPKey==iCol ){
+    if( p->y.pTab->iPKey==iCol ){
       p->iColumn = -1;
     }else{
       p->iColumn = (ynVar)iCol;
-      testcase( iCol==BMS );
-      testcase( iCol==BMS-1 );
-      pItem->colUsed |= ((Bitmask)1)<<(iCol>=BMS ? BMS-1 : iCol);
+      if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasGenerated)!=0
+       && (pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)!=0
+      ){
+        testcase( pTab->nCol==63 );
+        testcase( pTab->nCol==64 );
+        pItem->colUsed = pTab->nCol>=64 ? ALLBITS : MASKBIT(pTab->nCol)-1;
+      }else{
+        testcase( iCol==BMS );
+        testcase( iCol==BMS-1 );
+        pItem->colUsed |= ((Bitmask)1)<<(iCol>=BMS ? BMS-1 : iCol);
+      }
     }
   }
   return p;
@@ -94687,23 +98882,39 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *db, SrcList *pSrc, int iSr
 /*
 ** Report an error that an expression is not valid for some set of
 ** pNC->ncFlags values determined by validMask.
-*/
-static void notValid(
-  Parse *pParse,       /* Leave error message here */
-  NameContext *pNC,    /* The name context */
-  const char *zMsg,    /* Type of error */
-  int validMask        /* Set of contexts for which prohibited */
-){
-  assert( (validMask&~(NC_IsCheck|NC_PartIdx|NC_IdxExpr))==0 );
-  if( (pNC->ncFlags & validMask)!=0 ){
-    const char *zIn = "partial index WHERE clauses";
-    if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IdxExpr )      zIn = "index expressions";
+**
+** static void notValid(
+**   Parse *pParse,       // Leave error message here
+**   NameContext *pNC,    // The name context
+**   const char *zMsg,    // Type of error
+**   int validMask,       // Set of contexts for which prohibited
+**   Expr *pExpr          // Invalidate this expression on error
+** ){...}
+**
+** As an optimization, since the conditional is almost always false
+** (because errors are rare), the conditional is moved outside of the
+** function call using a macro.
+*/
+static void notValidImpl(
+   Parse *pParse,       /* Leave error message here */
+   NameContext *pNC,    /* The name context */
+   const char *zMsg,    /* Type of error */
+   Expr *pExpr          /* Invalidate this expression on error */
+){
+  const char *zIn = "partial index WHERE clauses";
+  if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IdxExpr )      zIn = "index expressions";
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
-    else if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IsCheck ) zIn = "CHECK constraints";
+  else if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IsCheck ) zIn = "CHECK constraints";
 #endif
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s prohibited in %s", zMsg, zIn);
-  }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+  else if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_GenCol ) zIn = "generated columns";
+#endif
+  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s prohibited in %s", zMsg, zIn);
+  if( pExpr ) pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
 }
+#define sqlite3ResolveNotValid(P,N,M,X,E) \
+  assert( ((X)&~(NC_IsCheck|NC_PartIdx|NC_IdxExpr|NC_GenCol))==0 ); \
+  if( ((N)->ncFlags & (X))!=0 ) notValidImpl(P,N,M,E);
 
 /*
 ** Expression p should encode a floating point value between 1.0 and 0.0.
@@ -94750,33 +98961,30 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
 #endif
   switch( pExpr->op ){
 
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
     /* The special operator TK_ROW means use the rowid for the first
     ** column in the FROM clause.  This is used by the LIMIT and ORDER BY
-    ** clause processing on UPDATE and DELETE statements.
+    ** clause processing on UPDATE and DELETE statements, and by
+    ** UPDATE ... FROM statement processing.
     */
     case TK_ROW: {
       SrcList *pSrcList = pNC->pSrcList;
       struct SrcList_item *pItem;
-      assert( pSrcList && pSrcList->nSrc==1 );
+      assert( pSrcList && pSrcList->nSrc>=1 );
       pItem = pSrcList->a;
-      assert( HasRowid(pItem->pTab) && pItem->pTab->pSelect==0 );
       pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
-      pExpr->pTab = pItem->pTab;
+      pExpr->y.pTab = pItem->pTab;
       pExpr->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
-      pExpr->iColumn = -1;
-      pExpr->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
+      pExpr->iColumn--;
+      pExpr->affExpr = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
       break;
     }
-#endif /* defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT)
-          && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) */
 
     /* A column name:                    ID
     ** Or table name and column name:    ID.ID
     ** Or a database, table and column:  ID.ID.ID
     **
     ** The TK_ID and TK_OUT cases are combined so that there will only
-    ** be one call to lookupName().  Then the compiler will in-line 
+    ** be one call to lookupName().  Then the compiler will in-line
     ** lookupName() for a size reduction and performance increase.
     */
     case TK_ID:
@@ -94792,7 +99000,10 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
         zColumn = pExpr->u.zToken;
       }else{
         Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
-        notValid(pParse, pNC, "the \".\" operator", NC_IdxExpr);
+        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IdxExpr );
+        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_GenCol );
+        sqlite3ResolveNotValid(pParse, pNC, "the \".\" operator",
+                               NC_IdxExpr|NC_GenCol, 0);
         pRight = pExpr->pRight;
         if( pRight->op==TK_ID ){
           zDb = 0;
@@ -94806,9 +99017,7 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
         zColumn = pRight->u.zToken;
         if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
           sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, (void*)pExpr, (void*)pRight);
-        }
-        if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
-          sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, (void*)&pExpr->pTab, (void*)pLeft);
+          sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, (void*)&pExpr->y.pTab, (void*)pLeft);
         }
       }
       return lookupName(pParse, zDb, zTable, zColumn, pNC, pExpr);
@@ -94826,7 +99035,10 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
       const char *zId;            /* The function name. */
       FuncDef *pDef;              /* Information about the function */
       u8 enc = ENC(pParse->db);   /* The database encoding */
-
+      int savedAllowFlags = (pNC->ncFlags & (NC_AllowAgg | NC_AllowWin));
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+      Window *pWin = (IsWindowFunc(pExpr) ? pExpr->y.pWin : 0);
+#endif
       assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
       zId = pExpr->u.zToken;
       nId = sqlite3Strlen30(zId);
@@ -94841,7 +99053,7 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
       }else{
         is_agg = pDef->xFinalize!=0;
         if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY ){
-          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Unlikely|EP_Skip);
+          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Unlikely);
           if( n==2 ){
             pExpr->iTable = exprProbability(pList->a[1].pExpr);
             if( pExpr->iTable<0 ){
@@ -94861,7 +99073,7 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
             ** to likelihood(X,0.9375). */
             /* TUNING: unlikely() probability is 0.0625.  likely() is 0.9375 */
             pExpr->iTable = pDef->zName[0]=='u' ? 8388608 : 125829120;
-          }             
+          }
         }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
         {
@@ -94880,15 +99092,39 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
         if( pDef->funcFlags & (SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG) ){
           /* For the purposes of the EP_ConstFunc flag, date and time
           ** functions and other functions that change slowly are considered
-          ** constant because they are constant for the duration of one query */
+          ** constant because they are constant for the duration of one query.
+          ** This allows them to be factored out of inner loops. */
           ExprSetProperty(pExpr,EP_ConstFunc);
         }
         if( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT)==0 ){
-          /* Date/time functions that use 'now', and other functions like
+          /* Clearly non-deterministic functions like random(), but also
+          ** date/time functions that use 'now', and other functions like
           ** sqlite_version() that might change over time cannot be used
-          ** in an index. */
-          notValid(pParse, pNC, "non-deterministic functions",
-                   NC_IdxExpr|NC_PartIdx);
+          ** in an index or generated column.  Curiously, they can be used
+          ** in a CHECK constraint.  SQLServer, MySQL, and PostgreSQL all
+          ** all this. */
+          sqlite3ResolveNotValid(pParse, pNC, "non-deterministic functions",
+                                 NC_IdxExpr|NC_PartIdx|NC_GenCol, 0);
+        }else{
+          assert( (NC_SelfRef & 0xff)==NC_SelfRef ); /* Must fit in 8 bits */
+          pExpr->op2 = pNC->ncFlags & NC_SelfRef;
+          if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_FromDDL ) ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_FromDDL);
+        }
+        if( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL)!=0
+         && pParse->nested==0
+         && (pParse->db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_InternalFunc)==0
+        ){
+          /* Internal-use-only functions are disallowed unless the
+          ** SQL is being compiled using sqlite3NestedParse() or
+          ** the SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS test-control has be
+          ** used to activate internal functionsn for testing purposes */
+          no_such_func = 1;
+          pDef = 0;
+        }else
+        if( (pDef->funcFlags & (SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE))!=0
+         && !IN_RENAME_OBJECT
+        ){
+          sqlite3ExprFunctionUsable(pParse, pExpr, pDef);
         }
       }
 
@@ -94898,18 +99134,18 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
           || (pDef->xValue==0 && pDef->xInverse==0)
           || (pDef->xValue && pDef->xInverse && pDef->xSFunc && pDef->xFinalize)
         );
-        if( pDef && pDef->xValue==0 && pExpr->pWin ){
-          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
+        if( pDef && pDef->xValue==0 && pWin ){
+          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
               "%.*s() may not be used as a window function", nId, zId
           );
           pNC->nErr++;
-        }else if( 
+        }else if(
               (is_agg && (pNC->ncFlags & NC_AllowAgg)==0)
-           || (is_agg && (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW) && !pExpr->pWin)
-           || (is_agg && pExpr->pWin && (pNC->ncFlags & NC_AllowWin)==0)
+           || (is_agg && (pDef->funcFlags&SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW) && !pWin)
+           || (is_agg && pWin && (pNC->ncFlags & NC_AllowWin)==0)
         ){
           const char *zType;
-          if( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW) || pExpr->pWin ){
+          if( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW) || pWin ){
             zType = "window";
           }else{
             zType = "aggregate";
@@ -94937,52 +99173,72 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
                nId, zId);
           pNC->nErr++;
         }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+        else if( is_agg==0 && ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
+          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+              "FILTER may not be used with non-aggregate %.*s()",
+              nId, zId
+          );
+          pNC->nErr++;
+        }
+#endif
         if( is_agg ){
+          /* Window functions may not be arguments of aggregate functions.
+          ** Or arguments of other window functions. But aggregate functions
+          ** may be arguments for window functions.  */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-          pNC->ncFlags &= ~(pExpr->pWin ? NC_AllowWin : NC_AllowAgg);
+          pNC->ncFlags &= ~(NC_AllowWin | (!pWin ? NC_AllowAgg : 0));
 #else
           pNC->ncFlags &= ~NC_AllowAgg;
 #endif
         }
       }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+      else if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
+        is_agg = 1;
+      }
+#endif
       sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pList);
       if( is_agg ){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-        if( pExpr->pWin ){
+        if( pWin ){
           Select *pSel = pNC->pWinSelect;
-          sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pExpr->pWin->pPartition);
-          sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pExpr->pWin->pOrderBy);
-          sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pWin->pFilter);
-          sqlite3WindowUpdate(pParse, pSel->pWinDefn, pExpr->pWin, pDef);
-          if( 0==pSel->pWin 
-           || 0==sqlite3WindowCompare(pParse, pSel->pWin, pExpr->pWin) 
-          ){
-            pExpr->pWin->pNextWin = pSel->pWin;
-            pSel->pWin = pExpr->pWin;
+          assert( pWin==pExpr->y.pWin );
+          if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT==0 ){
+            sqlite3WindowUpdate(pParse, pSel ? pSel->pWinDefn : 0, pWin, pDef);
           }
-          pNC->ncFlags |= NC_AllowWin;
+          sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pWin->pPartition);
+          sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pWin->pOrderBy);
+          sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pWin->pFilter);
+          sqlite3WindowLink(pSel, pWin);
+          pNC->ncFlags |= NC_HasWin;
         }else
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC */
         {
           NameContext *pNC2 = pNC;
           pExpr->op = TK_AGG_FUNCTION;
           pExpr->op2 = 0;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+          if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
+            sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->y.pWin->pFilter);
+          }
+#endif
           while( pNC2 && !sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(pExpr, pNC2->pSrcList) ){
             pExpr->op2++;
             pNC2 = pNC2->pNext;
           }
-          assert( pDef!=0 );
-          if( pNC2 ){
+          assert( pDef!=0 || IN_RENAME_OBJECT );
+          if( pNC2 && pDef ){
             assert( SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX==NC_MinMaxAgg );
             testcase( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX)!=0 );
             pNC2->ncFlags |= NC_HasAgg | (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX);
 
           }
-          pNC->ncFlags |= NC_AllowAgg;
         }
+        pNC->ncFlags |= savedAllowFlags;
       }
       /* FIX ME:  Compute pExpr->affinity based on the expected return
-      ** type of the function 
+      ** type of the function
       */
       return WRC_Prune;
     }
@@ -94994,7 +99250,12 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_IN );
       if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
         int nRef = pNC->nRef;
-        notValid(pParse, pNC, "subqueries", NC_IsCheck|NC_PartIdx|NC_IdxExpr);
+        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IsCheck );
+        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_PartIdx );
+        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IdxExpr );
+        testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_GenCol );
+        sqlite3ResolveNotValid(pParse, pNC, "subqueries",
+                 NC_IsCheck|NC_PartIdx|NC_IdxExpr|NC_GenCol, pExpr);
         sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pExpr->x.pSelect);
         assert( pNC->nRef>=nRef );
         if( nRef!=pNC->nRef ){
@@ -95005,16 +99266,21 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
       break;
     }
     case TK_VARIABLE: {
-      notValid(pParse, pNC, "parameters", NC_IsCheck|NC_PartIdx|NC_IdxExpr);
+      testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IsCheck );
+      testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_PartIdx );
+      testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IdxExpr );
+      testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_GenCol );
+      sqlite3ResolveNotValid(pParse, pNC, "parameters",
+               NC_IsCheck|NC_PartIdx|NC_IdxExpr|NC_GenCol, pExpr);
       break;
     }
     case TK_IS:
     case TK_ISNOT: {
-      Expr *pRight;
+      Expr *pRight = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pExpr->pRight);
       assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Reduced) );
       /* Handle special cases of "x IS TRUE", "x IS FALSE", "x IS NOT TRUE",
       ** and "x IS NOT FALSE". */
-      if( (pRight = pExpr->pRight)->op==TK_ID ){
+      if( pRight && (pRight->op==TK_ID || pRight->op==TK_TRUEFALSE) ){
         int rc = resolveExprStep(pWalker, pRight);
         if( rc==WRC_Abort ) return WRC_Abort;
         if( pRight->op==TK_TRUEFALSE ){
@@ -95023,7 +99289,7 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
           return WRC_Continue;
         }
       }
-      /* Fall thru */
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     }
     case TK_BETWEEN:
     case TK_EQ:
@@ -95057,7 +99323,7 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
         testcase( pExpr->op==TK_BETWEEN );
         sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "row value misused");
       }
-      break; 
+      break;
     }
   }
   return (pParse->nErr || pParse->db->mallocFailed) ? WRC_Abort : WRC_Continue;
@@ -95087,8 +99353,9 @@ static int resolveAsName(
   if( pE->op==TK_ID ){
     char *zCol = pE->u.zToken;
     for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
-      char *zAs = pEList->a[i].zName;
-      if( zAs!=0 && sqlite3StrICmp(zAs, zCol)==0 ){
+      if( pEList->a[i].eEName==ENAME_NAME
+       && sqlite3_stricmp(pEList->a[i].zEName, zCol)==0
+      ){
         return i+1;
       }
     }
@@ -95139,7 +99406,7 @@ static int resolveOrderByTermToExprList(
   nc.nErr = 0;
   db = pParse->db;
   savedSuppErr = db->suppressErr;
-  db->suppressErr = 1;
+  if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT==0 ) db->suppressErr = 1;
   rc = sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&nc, pE);
   db->suppressErr = savedSuppErr;
   if( rc ) return 0;
@@ -95167,7 +99434,7 @@ static void resolveOutOfRangeError(
   int i,                 /* The index (1-based) of the term out of range */
   int mx                 /* Largest permissible value of i */
 ){
-  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
+  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
     "%r %s BY term out of range - should be "
     "between 1 and %d", i, zType, mx);
 }
@@ -95221,7 +99488,8 @@ static int resolveCompoundOrderBy(
       int iCol = -1;
       Expr *pE, *pDup;
       if( pItem->done ) continue;
-      pE = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pItem->pExpr);
+      pE = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pItem->pExpr);
+      if( NEVER(pE==0) ) continue;
       if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE, &iCol) ){
         if( iCol<=0 || iCol>pEList->nExpr ){
           resolveOutOfRangeError(pParse, "ORDER", i+1, pEList->nExpr);
@@ -95230,32 +99498,53 @@ static int resolveCompoundOrderBy(
       }else{
         iCol = resolveAsName(pParse, pEList, pE);
         if( iCol==0 ){
-          pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pE, 0);
+          /* Now test if expression pE matches one of the values returned
+          ** by pSelect. In the usual case this is done by duplicating the
+          ** expression, resolving any symbols in it, and then comparing
+          ** it against each expression returned by the SELECT statement.
+          ** Once the comparisons are finished, the duplicate expression
+          ** is deleted.
+          **
+          ** Or, if this is running as part of an ALTER TABLE operation,
+          ** resolve the symbols in the actual expression, not a duplicate.
+          ** And, if one of the comparisons is successful, leave the expression
+          ** as is instead of transforming it to an integer as in the usual
+          ** case. This allows the code in alter.c to modify column
+          ** refererences within the ORDER BY expression as required.  */
+          if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
+            pDup = pE;
+          }else{
+            pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pE, 0);
+          }
           if( !db->mallocFailed ){
             assert(pDup);
             iCol = resolveOrderByTermToExprList(pParse, pSelect, pDup);
           }
-          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDup);
+          if( !IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
+            sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDup);
+          }
         }
       }
       if( iCol>0 ){
         /* Convert the ORDER BY term into an integer column number iCol,
         ** taking care to preserve the COLLATE clause if it exists */
-        Expr *pNew = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_INTEGER, 0);
-        if( pNew==0 ) return 1;
-        pNew->flags |= EP_IntValue;
-        pNew->u.iValue = iCol;
-        if( pItem->pExpr==pE ){
-          pItem->pExpr = pNew;
-        }else{
-          Expr *pParent = pItem->pExpr;
-          assert( pParent->op==TK_COLLATE );
-          while( pParent->pLeft->op==TK_COLLATE ) pParent = pParent->pLeft;
-          assert( pParent->pLeft==pE );
-          pParent->pLeft = pNew;
+        if( !IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
+          Expr *pNew = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_INTEGER, 0);
+          if( pNew==0 ) return 1;
+          pNew->flags |= EP_IntValue;
+          pNew->u.iValue = iCol;
+          if( pItem->pExpr==pE ){
+            pItem->pExpr = pNew;
+          }else{
+            Expr *pParent = pItem->pExpr;
+            assert( pParent->op==TK_COLLATE );
+            while( pParent->pLeft->op==TK_COLLATE ) pParent = pParent->pLeft;
+            assert( pParent->pLeft==pE );
+            pParent->pLeft = pNew;
+          }
+          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pE);
+          pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol = (u16)iCol;
         }
-        sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pE);
-        pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol = (u16)iCol;
         pItem->done = 1;
       }else{
         moreToDo = 1;
@@ -95294,7 +99583,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(
   ExprList *pEList;
   struct ExprList_item *pItem;
 
-  if( pOrderBy==0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return 0;
+  if( pOrderBy==0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed || IN_RENAME_OBJECT ) return 0;
   if( pOrderBy->nExpr>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many terms in %s BY clause", zType);
     return 1;
@@ -95314,6 +99603,36 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(
   return 0;
 }
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+/*
+** Walker callback for windowRemoveExprFromSelect().
+*/
+static int resolveRemoveWindowsCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pWalker);
+  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
+    Window *pWin = pExpr->y.pWin;
+    sqlite3WindowUnlinkFromSelect(pWin);
+  }
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+
+/*
+** Remove any Window objects owned by the expression pExpr from the
+** Select.pWin list of Select object pSelect.
+*/
+static void windowRemoveExprFromSelect(Select *pSelect, Expr *pExpr){
+  if( pSelect->pWin ){
+    Walker sWalker;
+    memset(&sWalker, 0, sizeof(Walker));
+    sWalker.xExprCallback = resolveRemoveWindowsCb;
+    sWalker.u.pSelect = pSelect;
+    sqlite3WalkExpr(&sWalker, pExpr);
+  }
+}
+#else
+# define windowRemoveExprFromSelect(a, b)
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC */
+
 /*
 ** pOrderBy is an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause in SELECT statement pSelect.
 ** The Name context of the SELECT statement is pNC.  zType is either
@@ -95349,7 +99668,8 @@ static int resolveOrderGroupBy(
   pParse = pNC->pParse;
   for(i=0, pItem=pOrderBy->a; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++, pItem++){
     Expr *pE = pItem->pExpr;
-    Expr *pE2 = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pE);
+    Expr *pE2 = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pE);
+    if( NEVER(pE2==0) ) continue;
     if( zType[0]!='G' ){
       iCol = resolveAsName(pParse, pSelect->pEList, pE2);
       if( iCol>0 ){
@@ -95380,19 +99700,10 @@ static int resolveOrderGroupBy(
     }
     for(j=0; j<pSelect->pEList->nExpr; j++){
       if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pE, pSelect->pEList->a[j].pExpr, -1)==0 ){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-        if( pE->pWin ){
-          /* Since this window function is being changed into a reference
-          ** to the same window function the result set, remove the instance
-          ** of this window function from the Select.pWin list. */
-          Window **pp;
-          for(pp=&pSelect->pWin; *pp; pp=&(*pp)->pNextWin){
-            if( *pp==pE->pWin ){
-              *pp = (*pp)->pNextWin;
-            }    
-          }
-        }
-#endif
+        /* Since this expresion is being changed into a reference
+        ** to an identical expression in the result set, remove all Window
+        ** objects belonging to the expression from the Select.pWin list. */
+        windowRemoveExprFromSelect(pSelect, pE);
         pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol = j+1;
       }
     }
@@ -95413,7 +99724,7 @@ static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The GROUP BY clause */
   Select *pLeftmost;      /* Left-most of SELECT of a compound */
   sqlite3 *db;            /* Database connection */
-  
+
 
   assert( p!=0 );
   if( p->selFlags & SF_Resolved ){
@@ -95467,12 +99778,12 @@ static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
       pSub->pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
       p->pOrderBy = 0;
     }
-  
+
     /* Recursively resolve names in all subqueries
     */
     for(i=0; i<p->pSrc->nSrc; i++){
       struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->pSrc->a[i];
-      if( pItem->pSelect ){
+      if( pItem->pSelect && (pItem->pSelect->selFlags & SF_Resolved)==0 ){
         NameContext *pNC;         /* Used to iterate name contexts */
         int nRef = 0;             /* Refcount for pOuterNC and outer contexts */
         const char *zSavedContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
@@ -95494,19 +99805,19 @@ static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
         pItem->fg.isCorrelated = (nRef!=0);
       }
     }
-  
+
     /* Set up the local name-context to pass to sqlite3ResolveExprNames() to
     ** resolve the result-set expression list.
     */
     sNC.ncFlags = NC_AllowAgg|NC_AllowWin;
     sNC.pSrcList = p->pSrc;
     sNC.pNext = pOuterNC;
-  
+
     /* Resolve names in the result set. */
     if( sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, p->pEList) ) return WRC_Abort;
     sNC.ncFlags &= ~NC_AllowWin;
-  
-    /* If there are no aggregate functions in the result-set, and no GROUP BY 
+
+    /* If there are no aggregate functions in the result-set, and no GROUP BY
     ** expression, do not allow aggregates in any of the other expressions.
     */
     assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)==0 );
@@ -95517,14 +99828,14 @@ static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
     }else{
       sNC.ncFlags &= ~NC_AllowAgg;
     }
-  
+
     /* If a HAVING clause is present, then there must be a GROUP BY clause.
     */
     if( p->pHaving && !pGroupBy ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "a GROUP BY clause is required before HAVING");
       return WRC_Abort;
     }
-  
+
     /* Add the output column list to the name-context before parsing the
     ** other expressions in the SELECT statement. This is so that
     ** expressions in the WHERE clause (etc.) can refer to expressions by
@@ -95543,19 +99854,19 @@ static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
     for(i=0; i<p->pSrc->nSrc; i++){
       struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->pSrc->a[i];
       if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc
-       && sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, pItem->u1.pFuncArg) 
+       && sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, pItem->u1.pFuncArg)
       ){
         return WRC_Abort;
       }
     }
 
     /* The ORDER BY and GROUP BY clauses may not refer to terms in
-    ** outer queries 
+    ** outer queries
     */
     sNC.pNext = 0;
     sNC.ncFlags |= NC_AllowAgg|NC_AllowWin;
 
-    /* If this is a converted compound query, move the ORDER BY clause from 
+    /* If this is a converted compound query, move the ORDER BY clause from
     ** the sub-query back to the parent query. At this point each term
     ** within the ORDER BY clause has been transformed to an integer value.
     ** These integers will be replaced by copies of the corresponding result
@@ -95585,13 +99896,13 @@ static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
       return WRC_Abort;
     }
     sNC.ncFlags &= ~NC_AllowWin;
-  
-    /* Resolve the GROUP BY clause.  At the same time, make sure 
+
+    /* Resolve the GROUP BY clause.  At the same time, make sure
     ** the GROUP BY clause does not contain aggregate functions.
     */
     if( pGroupBy ){
       struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-    
+
       if( resolveOrderGroupBy(&sNC, p, pGroupBy, "GROUP") || db->mallocFailed ){
         return WRC_Abort;
       }
@@ -95604,6 +99915,19 @@ static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
       }
     }
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+    if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
+      Window *pWin;
+      for(pWin=p->pWinDefn; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
+        if( sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, pWin->pOrderBy)
+         || sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, pWin->pPartition)
+        ){
+          return WRC_Abort;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+
     /* If this is part of a compound SELECT, check that it has the right
     ** number of expressions in the select list. */
     if( p->pNext && p->pEList->nExpr!=p->pNext->pEList->nExpr ){
@@ -95633,7 +99957,7 @@ static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
 ** checking on function usage and set a flag if any aggregate functions
 ** are seen.
 **
-** To resolve table columns references we look for nodes (or subtrees) of the 
+** To resolve table columns references we look for nodes (or subtrees) of the
 ** form X.Y.Z or Y.Z or just Z where
 **
 **      X:   The name of a database.  Ex:  "main" or "temp" or
@@ -95665,7 +99989,7 @@ static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
 **
 **      SELECT a+b AS x, c+d AS y FROM t1 ORDER BY a+b;
 **
-** Function calls are checked to make sure that the function is 
+** Function calls are checked to make sure that the function is
 ** defined and that the correct number of arguments are specified.
 ** If the function is an aggregate function, then the NC_HasAgg flag is
 ** set and the opcode is changed from TK_FUNCTION to TK_AGG_FUNCTION.
@@ -95675,16 +99999,16 @@ static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
 ** An error message is left in pParse if anything is amiss.  The number
 ** if errors is returned.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveExprNames( 
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(
   NameContext *pNC,       /* Namespace to resolve expressions in. */
   Expr *pExpr             /* The expression to be analyzed. */
 ){
-  u16 savedHasAgg;
+  int savedHasAgg;
   Walker w;
 
   if( pExpr==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
-  savedHasAgg = pNC->ncFlags & (NC_HasAgg|NC_MinMaxAgg);
-  pNC->ncFlags &= ~(NC_HasAgg|NC_MinMaxAgg);
+  savedHasAgg = pNC->ncFlags & (NC_HasAgg|NC_MinMaxAgg|NC_HasWin);
+  pNC->ncFlags &= ~(NC_HasAgg|NC_MinMaxAgg|NC_HasWin);
   w.pParse = pNC->pParse;
   w.xExprCallback = resolveExprStep;
   w.xSelectCallback = resolveSelectStep;
@@ -95700,9 +100024,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(
 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
   w.pParse->nHeight -= pExpr->nHeight;
 #endif
-  if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_HasAgg ){
-    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Agg);
-  }
+  assert( EP_Agg==NC_HasAgg );
+  assert( EP_Win==NC_HasWin );
+  testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_HasAgg );
+  testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_HasWin );
+  ExprSetProperty(pExpr, pNC->ncFlags & (NC_HasAgg|NC_HasWin) );
   pNC->ncFlags |= savedHasAgg;
   return pNC->nErr>0 || w.pParse->nErr>0;
 }
@@ -95712,16 +100038,46 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(
 ** just like sqlite3ResolveExprNames() except that it works for an expression
 ** list rather than a single expression.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames( 
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(
   NameContext *pNC,       /* Namespace to resolve expressions in. */
   ExprList *pList         /* The expression list to be analyzed. */
 ){
   int i;
-  if( pList ){
-    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
-      if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(pNC, pList->a[i].pExpr) ) return WRC_Abort;
+  int savedHasAgg = 0;
+  Walker w;
+  if( pList==0 ) return WRC_Continue;
+  w.pParse = pNC->pParse;
+  w.xExprCallback = resolveExprStep;
+  w.xSelectCallback = resolveSelectStep;
+  w.xSelectCallback2 = 0;
+  w.u.pNC = pNC;
+  savedHasAgg = pNC->ncFlags & (NC_HasAgg|NC_MinMaxAgg|NC_HasWin);
+  pNC->ncFlags &= ~(NC_HasAgg|NC_MinMaxAgg|NC_HasWin);
+  for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
+    Expr *pExpr = pList->a[i].pExpr;
+    if( pExpr==0 ) continue;
+#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
+    w.pParse->nHeight += pExpr->nHeight;
+    if( sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(w.pParse, w.pParse->nHeight) ){
+      return WRC_Abort;
     }
+#endif
+    sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pExpr);
+#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
+    w.pParse->nHeight -= pExpr->nHeight;
+#endif
+    assert( EP_Agg==NC_HasAgg );
+    assert( EP_Win==NC_HasWin );
+    testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_HasAgg );
+    testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_HasWin );
+    if( pNC->ncFlags & (NC_HasAgg|NC_MinMaxAgg|NC_HasWin) ){
+      ExprSetProperty(pExpr, pNC->ncFlags & (NC_HasAgg|NC_HasWin) );
+      savedHasAgg |= pNC->ncFlags & (NC_HasAgg|NC_MinMaxAgg|NC_HasWin);
+      pNC->ncFlags &= ~(NC_HasAgg|NC_MinMaxAgg|NC_HasWin);
+    }
+    if( pNC->nErr>0 || w.pParse->nErr>0 ) return WRC_Abort;
   }
+  pNC->ncFlags |= savedHasAgg;
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
 
@@ -95754,38 +100110,56 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(
 }
 
 /*
-** Resolve names in expressions that can only reference a single table:
+** Resolve names in expressions that can only reference a single table
+** or which cannot reference any tables at all.  Examples:
 **
-**    *   CHECK constraints
-**    *   WHERE clauses on partial indices
+**                                                    "type" flag
+**                                                    ------------
+**    (1)   CHECK constraints                         NC_IsCheck
+**    (2)   WHERE clauses on partial indices          NC_PartIdx
+**    (3)   Expressions in indexes on expressions     NC_IdxExpr
+**    (4)   Expression arguments to VACUUM INTO.      0
+**    (5)   GENERATED ALWAYS as expressions           NC_GenCol
 **
-** The Expr.iTable value for Expr.op==TK_COLUMN nodes of the expression
-** is set to -1 and the Expr.iColumn value is set to the column number.
+** In all cases except (4), the Expr.iTable value for Expr.op==TK_COLUMN
+** nodes of the expression is set to -1 and the Expr.iColumn value is
+** set to the column number.  In case (4), TK_COLUMN nodes cause an error.
 **
 ** Any errors cause an error message to be set in pParse.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(
-  Parse *pParse,      /* Parsing context */
-  Table *pTab,        /* The table being referenced */
-  int type,           /* NC_IsCheck or NC_PartIdx or NC_IdxExpr */
-  Expr *pExpr,        /* Expression to resolve.  May be NULL. */
-  ExprList *pList     /* Expression list to resolve.  May be NULL. */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(
+  Parse *pParse,   /* Parsing context */
+  Table *pTab,     /* The table being referenced, or NULL */
+  int type,        /* NC_IsCheck, NC_PartIdx, NC_IdxExpr, NC_GenCol, or 0 */
+  Expr *pExpr,     /* Expression to resolve.  May be NULL. */
+  ExprList *pList  /* Expression list to resolve.  May be NULL. */
 ){
   SrcList sSrc;                   /* Fake SrcList for pParse->pNewTable */
   NameContext sNC;                /* Name context for pParse->pNewTable */
+  int rc;
 
-  assert( type==NC_IsCheck || type==NC_PartIdx || type==NC_IdxExpr );
+  assert( type==0 || pTab!=0 );
+  assert( type==NC_IsCheck || type==NC_PartIdx || type==NC_IdxExpr
+          || type==NC_GenCol || pTab==0 );
   memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
   memset(&sSrc, 0, sizeof(sSrc));
-  sSrc.nSrc = 1;
-  sSrc.a[0].zName = pTab->zName;
-  sSrc.a[0].pTab = pTab;
-  sSrc.a[0].iCursor = -1;
+  if( pTab ){
+    sSrc.nSrc = 1;
+    sSrc.a[0].zName = pTab->zName;
+    sSrc.a[0].pTab = pTab;
+    sSrc.a[0].iCursor = -1;
+    if( pTab->pSchema!=pParse->db->aDb[1].pSchema ){
+      /* Cause EP_FromDDL to be set on TK_FUNCTION nodes of non-TEMP
+      ** schema elements */
+      type |= NC_FromDDL;
+    }
+  }
   sNC.pParse = pParse;
   sNC.pSrcList = &sSrc;
-  sNC.ncFlags = type;
-  if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pExpr) ) return;
-  if( pList ) sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, pList);
+  sNC.ncFlags = type | NC_IsDDL;
+  if( (rc = sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pExpr))!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+  if( pList ) rc = sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, pList);
+  return rc;
 }
 
 /************** End of resolve.c *********************************************/
@@ -95822,7 +100196,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(Table *pTab, int iCol){
 ** Return the 'affinity' of the expression pExpr if any.
 **
 ** If pExpr is a column, a reference to a column via an 'AS' alias,
-** or a sub-select with a column as the return value, then the 
+** or a sub-select with a column as the return value, then the
 ** affinity of that column is returned. Otherwise, 0x00 is returned,
 ** indicating no affinity for the expression.
 **
@@ -95834,13 +100208,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(Table *pTab, int iCol){
 ** SELECT a AS b FROM t1 WHERE b;
 ** SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (select a from t1);
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3ExprAffinity(const Expr *pExpr){
   int op;
-  pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr);
-  if( pExpr->flags & EP_Generic ) return 0;
+  while( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Skip|EP_IfNullRow) ){
+    assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE
+         || pExpr->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW
+         || (pExpr->op==TK_REGISTER && pExpr->op2==TK_IF_NULL_ROW) );
+    pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
+    assert( pExpr!=0 );
+  }
   op = pExpr->op;
   if( op==TK_SELECT ){
     assert( pExpr->flags&EP_xIsSelect );
+    assert( pExpr->x.pSelect!=0 );
+    assert( pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList!=0 );
+    assert( pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr!=0 );
     return sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr);
   }
   if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = pExpr->op2;
@@ -95850,8 +100232,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr){
     return sqlite3AffinityType(pExpr->u.zToken, 0);
   }
 #endif
-  if( (op==TK_AGG_COLUMN || op==TK_COLUMN) && pExpr->pTab ){
-    return sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(pExpr->pTab, pExpr->iColumn);
+  if( (op==TK_AGG_COLUMN || op==TK_COLUMN) && pExpr->y.pTab ){
+    return sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(pExpr->y.pTab, pExpr->iColumn);
   }
   if( op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN ){
     assert( pExpr->pLeft->flags&EP_xIsSelect );
@@ -95859,7 +100241,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr){
         pExpr->pLeft->x.pSelect->pEList->a[pExpr->iColumn].pExpr
     );
   }
-  return pExpr->affinity;
+  if( op==TK_VECTOR ){
+    return sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr);
+  }
+  return pExpr->affExpr;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -95894,11 +100279,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, con
 }
 
 /*
-** Skip over any TK_COLLATE operators and any unlikely()
-** or likelihood() function at the root of an expression.
+** Skip over any TK_COLLATE operators.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr *pExpr){
   while( pExpr && ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Skip) ){
+    assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE );
+    pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
+  }
+  return pExpr;
+}
+
+/*
+** Skip over any TK_COLLATE operators and/or any unlikely()
+** or likelihood() or likely() functions at the root of an
+** expression.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(Expr *pExpr){
+  while( pExpr && ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Skip|EP_Unlikely) ){
     if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Unlikely) ){
       assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
       assert( pExpr->x.pList->nExpr>0 );
@@ -95908,7 +100305,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr *pExpr){
       assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE );
       pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
     }
-  }   
+  }
   return pExpr;
 }
 
@@ -95926,22 +100323,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr *pExpr){
 ** COLLATE operators take first precedence.  Left operands take
 ** precedence over right operands.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr){
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   CollSeq *pColl = 0;
-  Expr *p = pExpr;
+  const Expr *p = pExpr;
   while( p ){
     int op = p->op;
-    if( p->flags & EP_Generic ) break;
-    if( (op==TK_AGG_COLUMN || op==TK_COLUMN
-          || op==TK_REGISTER || op==TK_TRIGGER)
-     && p->pTab!=0
+    if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = p->op2;
+    if( (op==TK_AGG_COLUMN || op==TK_COLUMN || op==TK_TRIGGER)
+     && p->y.pTab!=0
     ){
-      /* op==TK_REGISTER && p->pTab!=0 happens when pExpr was originally
+      /* op==TK_REGISTER && p->y.pTab!=0 happens when pExpr was originally
       ** a TK_COLUMN but was previously evaluated and cached in a register */
       int j = p->iColumn;
       if( j>=0 ){
-        const char *zColl = p->pTab->aCol[j].zColl;
+        const char *zColl = p->y.pTab->aCol[j].zColl;
         pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), zColl, 0);
       }
       break;
@@ -95950,7 +100346,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
       p = p->pLeft;
       continue;
     }
-    if( op==TK_COLLATE || (op==TK_REGISTER && p->op2==TK_COLLATE) ){
+    if( op==TK_VECTOR ){
+      p = p->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if( op==TK_COLLATE ){
       pColl = sqlite3GetCollSeq(pParse, ENC(db), 0, p->u.zToken);
       break;
     }
@@ -95961,10 +100361,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
         Expr *pNext  = p->pRight;
         /* The Expr.x union is never used at the same time as Expr.pRight */
         assert( p->x.pList==0 || p->pRight==0 );
-        /* p->flags holds EP_Collate and p->pLeft->flags does not.  And
-        ** p->x.pSelect cannot.  So if p->x.pLeft exists, it must hold at
-        ** least one EP_Collate. Thus the following two ALWAYS. */
-        if( p->x.pList!=0 && ALWAYS(!ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect)) ){
+        if( p->x.pList!=0
+         && !db->mallocFailed
+         && ALWAYS(!ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect))
+        ){
           int i;
           for(i=0; ALWAYS(i<p->x.pList->nExpr); i++){
             if( ExprHasProperty(p->x.pList->a[i].pExpr, EP_Collate) ){
@@ -95979,7 +100379,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
       break;
     }
   }
-  if( sqlite3CheckCollSeq(pParse, pColl) ){ 
+  if( sqlite3CheckCollSeq(pParse, pColl) ){
     pColl = 0;
   }
   return pColl;
@@ -95995,7 +100395,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
 ** The sqlite3ExprCollSeq() routine works the same except that it
 ** returns NULL if there is no defined collation.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr){
   CollSeq *p = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr);
   if( p==0 ) p = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
   assert( p!=0 );
@@ -96005,7 +100405,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
 /*
 ** Return TRUE if the two expressions have equivalent collating sequences.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse *pParse, Expr *pE1, Expr *pE2){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pE1, const Expr *pE2){
   CollSeq *pColl1 = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pParse, pE1);
   CollSeq *pColl2 = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pParse, pE2);
   return sqlite3StrICmp(pColl1->zName, pColl2->zName)==0;
@@ -96016,9 +100416,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse *pParse, Expr *pE1, Expr *pE2){
 ** type affinity of the other operand.  This routine returns the
 ** type affinity that should be used for the comparison operator.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3CompareAffinity(const Expr *pExpr, char aff2){
   char aff1 = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr);
-  if( aff1 && aff2 ){
+  if( aff1>SQLITE_AFF_NONE && aff2>SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){
     /* Both sides of the comparison are columns. If one has numeric
     ** affinity, use that. Otherwise use no affinity.
     */
@@ -96027,15 +100427,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2){
     }else{
       return SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
     }
-  }else if( !aff1 && !aff2 ){
-    /* Neither side of the comparison is a column.  Compare the
-    ** results directly.
-    */
-    return SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
   }else{
     /* One side is a column, the other is not. Use the columns affinity. */
-    assert( aff1==0 || aff2==0 );
-    return (aff1 + aff2);
+    assert( aff1<=SQLITE_AFF_NONE || aff2<=SQLITE_AFF_NONE );
+    return (aff1<=SQLITE_AFF_NONE ? aff2 : aff1) | SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
   }
 }
 
@@ -96043,7 +100438,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2){
 ** pExpr is a comparison operator.  Return the type affinity that should
 ** be applied to both operands prior to doing the comparison.
 */
-static char comparisonAffinity(Expr *pExpr){
+static char comparisonAffinity(const Expr *pExpr){
   char aff;
   assert( pExpr->op==TK_EQ || pExpr->op==TK_IN || pExpr->op==TK_LT ||
           pExpr->op==TK_GT || pExpr->op==TK_GE || pExpr->op==TK_LE ||
@@ -96066,23 +100461,26 @@ static char comparisonAffinity(Expr *pExpr){
 ** if the index with affinity idx_affinity may be used to implement
 ** the comparison in pExpr.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(const Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity){
   char aff = comparisonAffinity(pExpr);
-  switch( aff ){
-    case SQLITE_AFF_BLOB:
-      return 1;
-    case SQLITE_AFF_TEXT:
-      return idx_affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
-    default:
-      return sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(idx_affinity);
+  if( aff<SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
+    return 1;
+  }
+  if( aff==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
+    return idx_affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
   }
+  return sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(idx_affinity);
 }
 
 /*
 ** Return the P5 value that should be used for a binary comparison
 ** opcode (OP_Eq, OP_Ge etc.) used to compare pExpr1 and pExpr2.
 */
-static u8 binaryCompareP5(Expr *pExpr1, Expr *pExpr2, int jumpIfNull){
+static u8 binaryCompareP5(
+  const Expr *pExpr1,   /* Left operand */
+  const Expr *pExpr2,   /* Right operand */
+  int jumpIfNull        /* Extra flags added to P5 */
+){
   u8 aff = (char)sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr2);
   aff = (u8)sqlite3CompareAffinity(pExpr1, aff) | (u8)jumpIfNull;
   return aff;
@@ -96101,9 +100499,9 @@ static u8 binaryCompareP5(Expr *pExpr1, Expr *pExpr2, int jumpIfNull){
 ** it is not considered.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(
-  Parse *pParse, 
-  Expr *pLeft, 
-  Expr *pRight
+  Parse *pParse,
+  const Expr *pLeft,
+  const Expr *pRight
 ){
   CollSeq *pColl;
   assert( pLeft );
@@ -96120,6 +100518,22 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(
   return pColl;
 }
 
+/* Expresssion p is a comparison operator.  Return a collation sequence
+** appropriate for the comparison operator.
+**
+** This is normally just a wrapper around sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq().
+** However, if the OP_Commuted flag is set, then the order of the operands
+** is reversed in the sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq() call so that the
+** correct collating sequence is found.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *p){
+  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Commuted) ){
+    return sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, p->pRight, p->pLeft);
+  }else{
+    return sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, p->pLeft, p->pRight);
+  }
+}
+
 /*
 ** Generate code for a comparison operator.
 */
@@ -96130,13 +100544,19 @@ static int codeCompare(
   int opcode,       /* The comparison opcode */
   int in1, int in2, /* Register holding operands */
   int dest,         /* Jump here if true.  */
-  int jumpIfNull    /* If true, jump if either operand is NULL */
+  int jumpIfNull,   /* If true, jump if either operand is NULL */
+  int isCommuted    /* The comparison has been commuted */
 ){
   int p5;
   int addr;
   CollSeq *p4;
 
-  p4 = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pLeft, pRight);
+  if( pParse->nErr ) return 0;
+  if( isCommuted ){
+    p4 = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pRight, pLeft);
+  }else{
+    p4 = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pLeft, pRight);
+  }
   p5 = binaryCompareP5(pLeft, pRight, jumpIfNull);
   addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(pParse->pVdbe, opcode, in2, dest, in1,
                            (void*)p4, P4_COLLSEQ);
@@ -96158,7 +100578,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsVector(Expr *pExpr){
 }
 
 /*
-** If the expression passed as the only argument is of type TK_VECTOR 
+** If the expression passed as the only argument is of type TK_VECTOR
 ** return the number of expressions in the vector. Or, if the expression
 ** is a sub-select, return the number of columns in the sub-select. For
 ** any other type of expression, return 1.
@@ -96208,7 +100628,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr *pVector, int i){
 ** sqlite3ExprCode() will generate all necessary code to compute
 ** the iField-th column of the vector expression pVector.
 **
-** It is ok for pVector to be a scalar (as long as iField==0).  
+** It is ok for pVector to be a scalar (as long as iField==0).
 ** In that case, this routine works like sqlite3ExprDup().
 **
 ** The caller owns the returned Expr object and is responsible for
@@ -96257,13 +100677,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(
   }else{
     if( pVector->op==TK_VECTOR ) pVector = pVector->x.pList->a[iField].pExpr;
     pRet = sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pVector, 0);
+    sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, pRet, pVector);
   }
   return pRet;
 }
 
 /*
 ** If expression pExpr is of type TK_SELECT, generate code to evaluate
-** it. Return the register in which the result is stored (or, if the 
+** it. Return the register in which the result is stored (or, if the
 ** sub-select returns more than one column, the first in an array
 ** of registers in which the result is stored).
 **
@@ -96273,7 +100694,7 @@ static int exprCodeSubselect(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
   int reg = 0;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
   if( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ){
-    reg = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr, 0, 0);
+    reg = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr);
   }
 #endif
   return reg;
@@ -96285,10 +100706,10 @@ static int exprCodeSubselect(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
 ** the register number of a register that contains the value of
 ** element iField of the vector.
 **
-** If pVector is a TK_SELECT expression, then code for it must have 
+** If pVector is a TK_SELECT expression, then code for it must have
 ** already been generated using the exprCodeSubselect() routine. In this
 ** case parameter regSelect should be the first in an array of registers
-** containing the results of the sub-select. 
+** containing the results of the sub-select.
 **
 ** If pVector is of type TK_VECTOR, then code for the requested field
 ** is generated. In this case (*pRegFree) may be set to the number of
@@ -96345,16 +100766,19 @@ static void codeVectorCompare(
   int regLeft = 0;
   int regRight = 0;
   u8 opx = op;
-  int addrDone = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+  int addrDone = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+  int isCommuted = ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_Commuted);
 
+  assert( !ExprHasVVAProperty(pExpr,EP_Immutable) );
+  if( pParse->nErr ) return;
   if( nLeft!=sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pRight) ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "row value misused");
     return;
   }
-  assert( pExpr->op==TK_EQ || pExpr->op==TK_NE 
-       || pExpr->op==TK_IS || pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT 
-       || pExpr->op==TK_LT || pExpr->op==TK_GT 
-       || pExpr->op==TK_LE || pExpr->op==TK_GE 
+  assert( pExpr->op==TK_EQ || pExpr->op==TK_NE
+       || pExpr->op==TK_IS || pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT
+       || pExpr->op==TK_LT || pExpr->op==TK_GT
+       || pExpr->op==TK_LE || pExpr->op==TK_GE
   );
   assert( pExpr->op==op || (pExpr->op==TK_IS && op==TK_EQ)
             || (pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT && op==TK_NE) );
@@ -96370,12 +100794,12 @@ static void codeVectorCompare(
 
   for(i=0; 1 /*Loop exits by "break"*/; i++){
     int regFree1 = 0, regFree2 = 0;
-    Expr *pL, *pR; 
+    Expr *pL, *pR;
     int r1, r2;
     assert( i>=0 && i<nLeft );
     r1 = exprVectorRegister(pParse, pLeft, i, regLeft, &pL, &regFree1);
     r2 = exprVectorRegister(pParse, pRight, i, regRight, &pR, &regFree2);
-    codeCompare(pParse, pL, pR, opx, r1, r2, dest, p5);
+    codeCompare(pParse, pL, pR, opx, r1, r2, dest, p5, isCommuted);
     testcase(op==OP_Lt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Lt);
     testcase(op==OP_Le); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Le);
     testcase(op==OP_Gt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Gt);
@@ -96416,7 +100840,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse *pParse, int nHeight){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int mxHeight = pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH];
   if( nHeight>mxHeight ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
        "Expression tree is too large (maximum depth %d)", mxHeight
     );
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
@@ -96461,10 +100885,10 @@ static void heightOfSelect(Select *pSelect, int *pnHeight){
 }
 
 /*
-** Set the Expr.nHeight variable in the structure passed as an 
-** argument. An expression with no children, Expr.pList or 
+** Set the Expr.nHeight variable in the structure passed as an
+** argument. An expression with no children, Expr.pList or
 ** Expr.pSelect member has a height of 1. Any other expression
-** has a height equal to the maximum height of any other 
+** has a height equal to the maximum height of any other
 ** referenced Expr plus one.
 **
 ** Also propagate EP_Propagate flags up from Expr.x.pList to Expr.flags,
@@ -96489,7 +100913,7 @@ static void exprSetHeight(Expr *p){
 ** leave an error in pParse.
 **
 ** Also propagate all EP_Propagate flags from the Expr.x.pList into
-** Expr.flags. 
+** Expr.flags.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
   if( pParse->nErr ) return;
@@ -96509,9 +100933,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *p){
 #else /* ABOVE:  Height enforcement enabled.  BELOW: Height enforcement off */
 /*
 ** Propagate all EP_Propagate flags from the Expr.x.pList into
-** Expr.flags. 
+** Expr.flags.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
+  if( pParse->nErr ) return;
   if( p && p->x.pList && !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
     p->flags |= EP_Propagate & sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->x.pList);
   }
@@ -96564,7 +100989,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(
     pNew->iAgg = -1;
     if( pToken ){
       if( nExtra==0 ){
-        pNew->flags |= EP_IntValue|EP_Leaf;
+        pNew->flags |= EP_IntValue|EP_Leaf|(iValue?EP_IsTrue:EP_IsFalse);
         pNew->u.iValue = iValue;
       }else{
         pNew->u.zToken = (char*)&pNew[1];
@@ -96572,14 +100997,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(
         if( pToken->n ) memcpy(pNew->u.zToken, pToken->z, pToken->n);
         pNew->u.zToken[pToken->n] = 0;
         if( dequote && sqlite3Isquote(pNew->u.zToken[0]) ){
-          if( pNew->u.zToken[0]=='"' ) pNew->flags |= EP_DblQuoted;
-          sqlite3Dequote(pNew->u.zToken);
+          sqlite3DequoteExpr(pNew);
         }
       }
     }
 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
     pNew->nHeight = 1;
-#endif  
+#endif
   }
   return pNew;
 }
@@ -96642,20 +101066,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3PExpr(
   Expr *pRight            /* Right operand */
 ){
   Expr *p;
-  if( op==TK_AND && pParse->nErr==0 ){
-    /* Take advantage of short-circuit false optimization for AND */
-    p = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse->db, pLeft, pRight);
-  }else{
-    p = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(pParse->db, sizeof(Expr));
-    if( p ){
-      memset(p, 0, sizeof(Expr));
-      p->op = op & TKFLG_MASK;
-      p->iAgg = -1;
-    }
+  p = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(pParse->db, sizeof(Expr));
+  if( p ){
+    memset(p, 0, sizeof(Expr));
+    p->op = op & 0xff;
+    p->iAgg = -1;
     sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(pParse->db, p, pLeft, pRight);
-  }
-  if( p ) {
     sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(pParse, p->nHeight);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pLeft);
+    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pRight);
   }
   return p;
 }
@@ -96676,33 +101096,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, Select *pS
 }
 
 
-/*
-** If the expression is always either TRUE or FALSE (respectively),
-** then return 1.  If one cannot determine the truth value of the
-** expression at compile-time return 0.
-**
-** This is an optimization.  If is OK to return 0 here even if
-** the expression really is always false or false (a false negative).
-** But it is a bug to return 1 if the expression might have different
-** boolean values in different circumstances (a false positive.)
-**
-** Note that if the expression is part of conditional for a
-** LEFT JOIN, then we cannot determine at compile-time whether or not
-** is it true or false, so always return 0.
-*/
-static int exprAlwaysTrue(Expr *p){
-  int v = 0;
-  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_FromJoin) ) return 0;
-  if( !sqlite3ExprIsInteger(p, &v) ) return 0;
-  return v!=0;
-}
-static int exprAlwaysFalse(Expr *p){
-  int v = 0;
-  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_FromJoin) ) return 0;
-  if( !sqlite3ExprIsInteger(p, &v) ) return 0;
-  return v==0;
-}
-
 /*
 ** Join two expressions using an AND operator.  If either expression is
 ** NULL, then just return the other expression.
@@ -96711,19 +101104,20 @@ static int exprAlwaysFalse(Expr *p){
 ** of returning an AND expression, just return a constant expression with
 ** a value of false.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pLeft, Expr *pRight){
-  if( pLeft==0 ){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(Parse *pParse, Expr *pLeft, Expr *pRight){
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  if( pLeft==0  ){
     return pRight;
   }else if( pRight==0 ){
     return pLeft;
-  }else if( exprAlwaysFalse(pLeft) || exprAlwaysFalse(pRight) ){
+  }else if( (ExprAlwaysFalse(pLeft) || ExprAlwaysFalse(pRight))
+         && !IN_RENAME_OBJECT
+  ){
     sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pLeft);
     sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pRight);
-    return sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_INTEGER, &sqlite3IntTokens[0], 0);
+    return sqlite3Expr(db, TK_INTEGER, "0");
   }else{
-    Expr *pNew = sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_AND, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(db, pNew, pLeft, pRight);
-    return pNew;
+    return sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_AND, pLeft, pRight);
   }
 }
 
@@ -96756,9 +101150,43 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(
   return pNew;
 }
 
+/*
+** Check to see if a function is usable according to current access
+** rules:
+**
+**    SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT    -     Only usable from top-level SQL
+**
+**    SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE    -     Usable if TRUSTED_SCHEMA or from
+**                                top-level SQL
+**
+** If the function is not usable, create an error.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprFunctionUsable(
+  Parse *pParse,         /* Parsing and code generating context */
+  Expr *pExpr,           /* The function invocation */
+  FuncDef *pDef          /* The function being invoked */
+){
+  assert( !IN_RENAME_OBJECT );
+  assert( (pDef->funcFlags & (SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE))!=0 );
+  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromDDL) ){
+    if( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT)!=0
+     || (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_TrustedSchema)==0
+    ){
+      /* Functions prohibited in triggers and views if:
+      **     (1) tagged with SQLITE_DIRECTONLY
+      **     (2) not tagged with SQLITE_INNOCUOUS (which means it
+      **         is tagged with SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE) and
+      **         SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA is off (meaning
+      **         that the schema is possibly tainted).
+      */
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unsafe use of %s()", pDef->zName);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /*
 ** Assign a variable number to an expression that encodes a wildcard
-** in the original SQL statement.  
+** in the original SQL statement.
 **
 ** Wildcards consisting of a single "?" are assigned the next sequential
 ** variable number.
@@ -96844,6 +101272,10 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
   assert( p!=0 );
   /* Sanity check: Assert that the IntValue is non-negative if it exists */
   assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) || p->u.iValue>=0 );
+
+  assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_WinFunc) || p->y.pWin!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
+  assert( p->op!=TK_FUNCTION || ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced)
+          || p->y.pWin==0 || ExprHasProperty(p, EP_WinFunc) );
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Leaf) && !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly) ){
     assert( p->pLeft==0 );
@@ -96856,14 +101288,18 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
     assert( p->x.pList==0 || p->pRight==0 );
     if( p->pLeft && p->op!=TK_SELECT_COLUMN ) sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(db, p->pLeft);
     if( p->pRight ){
+      assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_WinFunc) );
       sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(db, p->pRight);
     }else if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
+      assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_WinFunc) );
       sqlite3SelectDelete(db, p->x.pSelect);
     }else{
       sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->x.pList);
-    }
-    if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Reduced) ){
-      sqlite3WindowDelete(db, p->pWin);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+      if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_WinFunc) ){
+        sqlite3WindowDelete(db, p->y.pWin);
+      }
+#endif
     }
   }
   if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_MemToken) ) sqlite3DbFree(db, p->u.zToken);
@@ -96875,8 +101311,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
   if( p ) sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(db, p);
 }
 
+/* Invoke sqlite3RenameExprUnmap() and sqlite3ExprDelete() on the
+** expression.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
+  if( p ){
+    if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
+      sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(pParse, p);
+    }
+    sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(pParse->db, p);
+  }
+}
+
 /*
-** Return the number of bytes allocated for the expression structure 
+** Return the number of bytes allocated for the expression structure
 ** passed as the first argument. This is always one of EXPR_FULLSIZE,
 ** EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE or EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE.
 */
@@ -96891,14 +101339,14 @@ static int exprStructSize(Expr *p){
 ** to store a copy of an expression or expression tree.  They differ in
 ** how much of the tree is measured.
 **
-**     dupedExprStructSize()     Size of only the Expr structure 
+**     dupedExprStructSize()     Size of only the Expr structure
 **     dupedExprNodeSize()       Size of Expr + space for token
 **     dupedExprSize()           Expr + token + subtree components
 **
 ***************************************************************************
 **
-** The dupedExprStructSize() function returns two values OR-ed together:  
-** (1) the space required for a copy of the Expr structure only and 
+** The dupedExprStructSize() function returns two values OR-ed together:
+** (1) the space required for a copy of the Expr structure only and
 ** (2) the EP_xxx flags that indicate what the structure size should be.
 ** The return values is always one of:
 **
@@ -96925,17 +101373,17 @@ static int dupedExprStructSize(Expr *p, int flags){
   assert( flags==EXPRDUP_REDUCE || flags==0 ); /* Only one flag value allowed */
   assert( EXPR_FULLSIZE<=0xfff );
   assert( (0xfff & (EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly))==0 );
-  if( 0==flags || p->op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN 
+  if( 0==flags || p->op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-   || p->pWin 
+   || ExprHasProperty(p, EP_WinFunc)
 #endif
   ){
     nSize = EXPR_FULLSIZE;
   }else{
     assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
-    assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_FromJoin) ); 
+    assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_FromJoin) );
     assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_MemToken) );
-    assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_NoReduce) );
+    assert( !ExprHasVVAProperty(p, EP_NoReduce) );
     if( p->pLeft || p->x.pList ){
       nSize = EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE | EP_Reduced;
     }else{
@@ -96947,29 +101395,29 @@ static int dupedExprStructSize(Expr *p, int flags){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function returns the space in bytes required to store the copy 
+** This function returns the space in bytes required to store the copy
 ** of the Expr structure and a copy of the Expr.u.zToken string (if that
 ** string is defined.)
 */
 static int dupedExprNodeSize(Expr *p, int flags){
   int nByte = dupedExprStructSize(p, flags) & 0xfff;
   if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) && p->u.zToken ){
-    nByte += sqlite3Strlen30(p->u.zToken)+1;
+    nByte += sqlite3Strlen30NN(p->u.zToken)+1;
   }
   return ROUND8(nByte);
 }
 
 /*
-** Return the number of bytes required to create a duplicate of the 
+** Return the number of bytes required to create a duplicate of the
 ** expression passed as the first argument. The second argument is a
 ** mask containing EXPRDUP_XXX flags.
 **
 ** The value returned includes space to create a copy of the Expr struct
 ** itself and the buffer referred to by Expr.u.zToken, if any.
 **
-** If the EXPRDUP_REDUCE flag is set, then the return value includes 
-** space to duplicate all Expr nodes in the tree formed by Expr.pLeft 
-** and Expr.pRight variables (but not for any structures pointed to or 
+** If the EXPRDUP_REDUCE flag is set, then the return value includes
+** space to duplicate all Expr nodes in the tree formed by Expr.pLeft
+** and Expr.pRight variables (but not for any structures pointed to or
 ** descended from the Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect variables).
 */
 static int dupedExprSize(Expr *p, int flags){
@@ -96984,8 +101432,8 @@ static int dupedExprSize(Expr *p, int flags){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is similar to sqlite3ExprDup(), except that if pzBuffer 
-** is not NULL then *pzBuffer is assumed to point to a buffer large enough 
+** This function is similar to sqlite3ExprDup(), except that if pzBuffer
+** is not NULL then *pzBuffer is assumed to point to a buffer large enough
 ** to store the copy of expression p, the copies of p->u.zToken
 ** (if applicable), and the copies of the p->pLeft and p->pRight expressions,
 ** if any. Before returning, *pzBuffer is set to the first byte past the
@@ -97031,7 +101479,7 @@ static Expr *exprDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p, int dupFlags, u8 **pzBuffer){
     }else{
       u32 nSize = (u32)exprStructSize(p);
       memcpy(zAlloc, p, nSize);
-      if( nSize<EXPR_FULLSIZE ){ 
+      if( nSize<EXPR_FULLSIZE ){
         memset(&zAlloc[nSize], 0, EXPR_FULLSIZE-nSize);
       }
     }
@@ -97040,6 +101488,10 @@ static Expr *exprDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p, int dupFlags, u8 **pzBuffer){
     pNew->flags &= ~(EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly|EP_Static|EP_MemToken);
     pNew->flags |= nStructSize & (EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly);
     pNew->flags |= staticFlag;
+    ExprClearVVAProperties(pNew);
+    if( dupFlags ){
+      ExprSetVVAProperty(pNew, EP_Immutable);
+    }
 
     /* Copy the p->u.zToken string, if any. */
     if( nToken ){
@@ -97057,22 +101509,24 @@ static Expr *exprDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p, int dupFlags, u8 **pzBuffer){
     }
 
     /* Fill in pNew->pLeft and pNew->pRight. */
-    zAlloc += dupedExprNodeSize(p, dupFlags);
-    if( ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly) ){
+    if( ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly|EP_WinFunc) ){
+      zAlloc += dupedExprNodeSize(p, dupFlags);
       if( !ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf) ){
         pNew->pLeft = p->pLeft ?
                       exprDup(db, p->pLeft, EXPRDUP_REDUCE, &zAlloc) : 0;
         pNew->pRight = p->pRight ?
                        exprDup(db, p->pRight, EXPRDUP_REDUCE, &zAlloc) : 0;
       }
-    }else{
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-      if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly) ){
-        pNew->pWin = 0;
-      }else{
-        pNew->pWin = sqlite3WindowDup(db, pNew, p->pWin);
+      if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_WinFunc) ){
+        pNew->y.pWin = sqlite3WindowDup(db, pNew, p->y.pWin);
+        assert( ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_WinFunc) );
       }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC */
+      if( pzBuffer ){
+        *pzBuffer = zAlloc;
+      }
+    }else{
       if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf) ){
         if( pNew->op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN ){
           pNew->pLeft = p->pLeft;
@@ -97084,15 +101538,12 @@ static Expr *exprDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p, int dupFlags, u8 **pzBuffer){
         pNew->pRight = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pRight, 0);
       }
     }
-    if( pzBuffer ){
-      *pzBuffer = zAlloc;
-    }
   }
   return pNew;
 }
 
 /*
-** Create and return a deep copy of the object passed as the second 
+** Create and return a deep copy of the object passed as the second
 ** argument. If an OOM condition is encountered, NULL is returned
 ** and the db->mallocFailed flag set.
 */
@@ -97100,7 +101551,7 @@ static Expr *exprDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p, int dupFlags, u8 **pzBuffer){
 static With *withDup(sqlite3 *db, With *p){
   With *pRet = 0;
   if( p ){
-    int nByte = sizeof(*p) + sizeof(p->a[0]) * (p->nCte-1);
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(*p) + sizeof(p->a[0]) * (p->nCte-1);
     pRet = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
     if( pRet ){
       int i;
@@ -97118,6 +101569,39 @@ static With *withDup(sqlite3 *db, With *p){
 # define withDup(x,y) 0
 #endif
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+/*
+** The gatherSelectWindows() procedure and its helper routine
+** gatherSelectWindowsCallback() are used to scan all the expressions
+** an a newly duplicated SELECT statement and gather all of the Window
+** objects found there, assembling them onto the linked list at Select->pWin.
+*/
+static int gatherSelectWindowsCallback(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION && ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
+    Select *pSelect = pWalker->u.pSelect;
+    Window *pWin = pExpr->y.pWin;
+    assert( pWin );
+    assert( IsWindowFunc(pExpr) );
+    assert( pWin->ppThis==0 );
+    sqlite3WindowLink(pSelect, pWin);
+  }
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+static int gatherSelectWindowsSelectCallback(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
+  return p==pWalker->u.pSelect ? WRC_Continue : WRC_Prune;
+}
+static void gatherSelectWindows(Select *p){
+  Walker w;
+  w.xExprCallback = gatherSelectWindowsCallback;
+  w.xSelectCallback = gatherSelectWindowsSelectCallback;
+  w.xSelectCallback2 = 0;
+  w.pParse = 0;
+  w.u.pSelect = p;
+  sqlite3WalkSelect(&w, p);
+}
+#endif
+
+
 /*
 ** The following group of routines make deep copies of expressions,
 ** expression lists, ID lists, and select statements.  The copies can
@@ -97125,7 +101609,7 @@ static With *withDup(sqlite3 *db, With *p){
 ** without effecting the originals.
 **
 ** The expression list, ID, and source lists return by sqlite3ExprListDup(),
-** sqlite3IdListDup(), and sqlite3SrcListDup() can not be further expanded 
+** sqlite3IdListDup(), and sqlite3SrcListDup() can not be further expanded
 ** by subsequent calls to sqlite*ListAppend() routines.
 **
 ** Any tables that the SrcList might point to are not duplicated.
@@ -97155,9 +101639,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3 *db, ExprList *p, int flags)
     Expr *pOldExpr = pOldItem->pExpr;
     Expr *pNewExpr;
     pItem->pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOldExpr, flags);
-    if( pOldExpr 
+    if( pOldExpr
      && pOldExpr->op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN
-     && (pNewExpr = pItem->pExpr)!=0 
+     && (pNewExpr = pItem->pExpr)!=0
     ){
       assert( pNewExpr->iColumn==0 || i>0 );
       if( pNewExpr->iColumn==0 ){
@@ -97171,11 +101655,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3 *db, ExprList *p, int flags)
         pNewExpr->pLeft = pPriorSelectCol;
       }
     }
-    pItem->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zName);
-    pItem->zSpan = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zSpan);
-    pItem->sortOrder = pOldItem->sortOrder;
+    pItem->zEName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zEName);
+    pItem->sortFlags = pOldItem->sortFlags;
+    pItem->eEName = pOldItem->eEName;
     pItem->done = 0;
-    pItem->bSpanIsTab = pOldItem->bSpanIsTab;
+    pItem->bNulls = pOldItem->bNulls;
     pItem->bSorterRef = pOldItem->bSorterRef;
     pItem->u = pOldItem->u;
   }
@@ -97184,7 +101668,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3 *db, ExprList *p, int flags)
 
 /*
 ** If cursors, triggers, views and subqueries are all omitted from
-** the build, then none of the following routines, except for 
+** the build, then none of the following routines, except for
 ** sqlite3SelectDup(), can be called. sqlite3SelectDup() is sometimes
 ** called with a NULL argument.
 */
@@ -97217,7 +101701,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3 *db, SrcList *p, int flags){
     }
     pNewItem->pIBIndex = pOldItem->pIBIndex;
     if( pNewItem->fg.isTabFunc ){
-      pNewItem->u1.pFuncArg = 
+      pNewItem->u1.pFuncArg =
           sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pOldItem->u1.pFuncArg, flags);
     }
     pTab = pNewItem->pTab = pOldItem->pTab;
@@ -97285,6 +101769,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3 *db, Select *pDup, int flags){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
     pNew->pWin = 0;
     pNew->pWinDefn = sqlite3WindowListDup(db, p->pWinDefn);
+    if( p->pWin && db->mallocFailed==0 ) gatherSelectWindows(pNew);
 #endif
     pNew->selId = p->selId;
     *pp = pNew;
@@ -97333,21 +101818,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(
     pList->nExpr = 0;
   }else if( (pList->nExpr & (pList->nExpr-1))==0 ){
     ExprList *pNew;
-    pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pList, 
-             sizeof(*pList)+(2*pList->nExpr - 1)*sizeof(pList->a[0]));
+    pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pList,
+         sizeof(*pList)+(2*(sqlite3_int64)pList->nExpr-1)*sizeof(pList->a[0]));
     if( pNew==0 ){
       goto no_mem;
     }
     pList = pNew;
   }
   pItem = &pList->a[pList->nExpr++];
-  assert( offsetof(struct ExprList_item,zName)==sizeof(pItem->pExpr) );
+  assert( offsetof(struct ExprList_item,zEName)==sizeof(pItem->pExpr) );
   assert( offsetof(struct ExprList_item,pExpr)==0 );
-  memset(&pItem->zName,0,sizeof(*pItem)-offsetof(struct ExprList_item,zName));
+  memset(&pItem->zEName,0,sizeof(*pItem)-offsetof(struct ExprList_item,zEName));
   pItem->pExpr = pExpr;
   return pList;
 
-no_mem:     
+no_mem:
   /* Avoid leaking memory if malloc has failed. */
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
@@ -97380,8 +101865,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(
   if( NEVER(pColumns==0) ) goto vector_append_error;
   if( pExpr==0 ) goto vector_append_error;
 
-  /* If the RHS is a vector, then we can immediately check to see that 
-  ** the size of the RHS and LHS match.  But if the RHS is a SELECT, 
+  /* If the RHS is a vector, then we can immediately check to see that
+  ** the size of the RHS and LHS match.  But if the RHS is a SELECT,
   ** wildcards ("*") in the result set of the SELECT must be expanded before
   ** we can do the size check, so defer the size check until code generation.
   */
@@ -97393,10 +101878,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(
 
   for(i=0; i<pColumns->nId; i++){
     Expr *pSubExpr = sqlite3ExprForVectorField(pParse, pExpr, i);
+    assert( pSubExpr!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
+    assert( pSubExpr==0 || pSubExpr->iTable==0 );
+    if( pSubExpr==0 ) continue;
+    pSubExpr->iTable = pColumns->nId;
     pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pList, pSubExpr);
     if( pList ){
       assert( pList->nExpr==iFirst+i+1 );
-      pList->a[pList->nExpr-1].zName = pColumns->a[i].zName;
+      pList->a[pList->nExpr-1].zEName = pColumns->a[i].zName;
       pColumns->a[i].zName = 0;
     }
   }
@@ -97405,7 +101894,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(
     Expr *pFirst = pList->a[iFirst].pExpr;
     assert( pFirst!=0 );
     assert( pFirst->op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN );
-     
+
     /* Store the SELECT statement in pRight so it will be deleted when
     ** sqlite3ExprListDelete() is called */
     pFirst->pRight = pExpr;
@@ -97417,7 +101906,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(
   }
 
 vector_append_error:
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
+  sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(pParse, pExpr);
   sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pColumns);
   return pList;
 }
@@ -97425,19 +101914,38 @@ vector_append_error:
 /*
 ** Set the sort order for the last element on the given ExprList.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList *p, int iSortOrder){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList *p, int iSortOrder, int eNulls){
+  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
   if( p==0 ) return;
-  assert( SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED<0 && SQLITE_SO_ASC>=0 && SQLITE_SO_DESC>0 );
   assert( p->nExpr>0 );
-  if( iSortOrder<0 ){
-    assert( p->a[p->nExpr-1].sortOrder==SQLITE_SO_ASC );
-    return;
+
+  assert( SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED<0 && SQLITE_SO_ASC==0 && SQLITE_SO_DESC>0 );
+  assert( iSortOrder==SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED
+       || iSortOrder==SQLITE_SO_ASC
+       || iSortOrder==SQLITE_SO_DESC
+  );
+  assert( eNulls==SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED
+       || eNulls==SQLITE_SO_ASC
+       || eNulls==SQLITE_SO_DESC
+  );
+
+  pItem = &p->a[p->nExpr-1];
+  assert( pItem->bNulls==0 );
+  if( iSortOrder==SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED ){
+    iSortOrder = SQLITE_SO_ASC;
+  }
+  pItem->sortFlags = (u8)iSortOrder;
+
+  if( eNulls!=SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED ){
+    pItem->bNulls = 1;
+    if( iSortOrder!=eNulls ){
+      pItem->sortFlags |= KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL;
+    }
   }
-  p->a[p->nExpr-1].sortOrder = (u8)iSortOrder;
 }
 
 /*
-** Set the ExprList.a[].zName element of the most recently added item
+** Set the ExprList.a[].zEName element of the most recently added item
 ** on the expression list.
 **
 ** pList might be NULL following an OOM error.  But pName should never be
@@ -97451,15 +101959,22 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetName(
   int dequote             /* True to cause the name to be dequoted */
 ){
   assert( pList!=0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed!=0 );
+  assert( pParse->eParseMode!=PARSE_MODE_UNMAP || dequote==0 );
   if( pList ){
     struct ExprList_item *pItem;
     assert( pList->nExpr>0 );
     pItem = &pList->a[pList->nExpr-1];
-    assert( pItem->zName==0 );
-    pItem->zName = sqlite3DbStrNDup(pParse->db, pName->z, pName->n);
-    if( dequote ) sqlite3Dequote(pItem->zName);
-    if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
-      sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, (void*)pItem->zName, pName);
+    assert( pItem->zEName==0 );
+    assert( pItem->eEName==ENAME_NAME );
+    pItem->zEName = sqlite3DbStrNDup(pParse->db, pName->z, pName->n);
+    if( dequote ){
+      /* If dequote==0, then pName->z does not point to part of a DDL
+      ** statement handled by the parser. And so no token need be added
+      ** to the token-map.  */
+      sqlite3Dequote(pItem->zEName);
+      if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
+        sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, (void*)pItem->zEName, pName);
+      }
     }
   }
 }
@@ -97483,8 +101998,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(
   if( pList ){
     struct ExprList_item *pItem = &pList->a[pList->nExpr-1];
     assert( pList->nExpr>0 );
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zSpan);
-    pItem->zSpan = sqlite3DbSpanDup(db, zStart, zEnd);
+    if( pItem->zEName==0 ){
+      pItem->zEName = sqlite3DbSpanDup(db, zStart, zEnd);
+      pItem->eEName = ENAME_SPAN;
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -97514,8 +102031,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void exprListDeleteNN(sqlite3 *db, ExprList *pList){
   assert( pList->nExpr>0 );
   do{
     sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pItem->pExpr);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zName);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zSpan);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zEName);
     pItem++;
   }while( --i>0 );
   sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, pList);
@@ -97553,17 +102069,34 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker *pWalker, Select *NotUsed){
   return WRC_Abort;
 }
 
+/*
+** Check the input string to see if it is "true" or "false" (in any case).
+**
+**       If the string is....           Return
+**         "true"                         EP_IsTrue
+**         "false"                        EP_IsFalse
+**         anything else                  0
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3IsTrueOrFalse(const char *zIn){
+  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zIn, "true")==0  ) return EP_IsTrue;
+  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zIn, "false")==0 ) return EP_IsFalse;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
 /*
 ** If the input expression is an ID with the name "true" or "false"
 ** then convert it into an TK_TRUEFALSE term.  Return non-zero if
 ** the conversion happened, and zero if the expression is unaltered.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr *pExpr){
+  u32 v;
   assert( pExpr->op==TK_ID || pExpr->op==TK_STRING );
-  if( sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken, "true")==0
-   || sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken, "false")==0
+  if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Quoted)
+   && (v = sqlite3IsTrueOrFalse(pExpr->u.zToken))!=0
   ){
     pExpr->op = TK_TRUEFALSE;
+    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, v);
     return 1;
   }
   return 0;
@@ -97574,12 +102107,40 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr *pExpr){
 ** and 0 if it is FALSE.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr *pExpr){
+  pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate((Expr*)pExpr);
   assert( pExpr->op==TK_TRUEFALSE );
   assert( sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken,"true")==0
        || sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken,"false")==0 );
   return pExpr->u.zToken[4]==0;
 }
 
+/*
+** If pExpr is an AND or OR expression, try to simplify it by eliminating
+** terms that are always true or false.  Return the simplified expression.
+** Or return the original expression if no simplification is possible.
+**
+** Examples:
+**
+**     (x<10) AND true                =>   (x<10)
+**     (x<10) AND false               =>   false
+**     (x<10) AND (y=22 OR false)     =>   (x<10) AND (y=22)
+**     (x<10) AND (y=22 OR true)      =>   (x<10)
+**     (y=22) OR true                 =>   true
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(Expr *pExpr){
+  assert( pExpr!=0 );
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_AND || pExpr->op==TK_OR ){
+    Expr *pRight = sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(pExpr->pRight);
+    Expr *pLeft = sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(pExpr->pLeft);
+    if( ExprAlwaysTrue(pLeft) || ExprAlwaysFalse(pRight) ){
+      pExpr = pExpr->op==TK_AND ? pRight : pLeft;
+    }else if( ExprAlwaysTrue(pRight) || ExprAlwaysFalse(pLeft) ){
+      pExpr = pExpr->op==TK_AND ? pLeft : pRight;
+    }
+  }
+  return pExpr;
+}
+
 
 /*
 ** These routines are Walker callbacks used to check expressions to
@@ -97597,11 +102158,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr *pExpr){
 ** In all cases, the callbacks set Walker.eCode=0 and abort if the expression
 ** is found to not be a constant.
 **
-** The sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction() is used for evaluating expressions
-** in a CREATE TABLE statement.  The Walker.eCode value is 5 when parsing
-** an existing schema and 4 when processing a new statement.  A bound
-** parameter raises an error for new statements, but is silently converted
-** to NULL for existing schemas.  This allows sqlite_master tables that 
+** The sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction() is used for evaluating DEFAULT
+** expressions in a CREATE TABLE statement.  The Walker.eCode value is 5
+** when parsing an existing schema out of the sqlite_schema table and 4
+** when processing a new CREATE TABLE statement.  A bound parameter raises
+** an error for new statements, but is silently converted
+** to NULL for existing schemas.  This allows sqlite_schema tables that
 ** contain a bound parameter because they were generated by older versions
 ** of SQLite to be parsed by newer versions of SQLite without raising a
 ** malformed schema error.
@@ -97621,7 +102183,10 @@ static int exprNodeIsConstant(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
     ** and either pWalker->eCode==4 or 5 or the function has the
     ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONST flag. */
     case TK_FUNCTION:
-      if( pWalker->eCode>=4 || ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_ConstFunc) ){
+      if( (pWalker->eCode>=4 || ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_ConstFunc))
+       && !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc)
+      ){
+        if( pWalker->eCode==5 ) ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_FromDDL);
         return WRC_Continue;
       }else{
         pWalker->eCode = 0;
@@ -97633,7 +102198,7 @@ static int exprNodeIsConstant(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
       if( sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(pExpr) ){
         return WRC_Prune;
       }
-      /* Fall thru */
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     case TK_COLUMN:
     case TK_AGG_FUNCTION:
     case TK_AGG_COLUMN:
@@ -97647,18 +102212,20 @@ static int exprNodeIsConstant(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
       if( pWalker->eCode==3 && pExpr->iTable==pWalker->u.iCur ){
         return WRC_Continue;
       }
-      /* Fall through */
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     case TK_IF_NULL_ROW:
     case TK_REGISTER:
+    case TK_DOT:
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_REGISTER );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW );
+      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_DOT );
       pWalker->eCode = 0;
       return WRC_Abort;
     case TK_VARIABLE:
       if( pWalker->eCode==5 ){
         /* Silently convert bound parameters that appear inside of CREATE
         ** statements into a NULL when parsing the CREATE statement text out
-        ** of the sqlite_master table */
+        ** of the sqlite_schema table */
         pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
       }else if( pWalker->eCode==4 ){
         /* A bound parameter in a CREATE statement that originates from
@@ -97666,7 +102233,7 @@ static int exprNodeIsConstant(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
         pWalker->eCode = 0;
         return WRC_Abort;
       }
-      /* Fall through */
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     default:
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ); /* sqlite3SelectWalkFail() disallows */
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS ); /* sqlite3SelectWalkFail() disallows */
@@ -97709,7 +102276,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr *p){
 **
 ** When this routine returns true, it indicates that the expression
 ** can be added to the pParse->pConstExpr list and evaluated once when
-** the prepared statement starts up.  See sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit().
+** the prepared statement starts up.  See sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce().
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr *p){
   return exprIsConst(p, 2, 0);
@@ -97756,7 +102323,7 @@ static int exprNodeIsConstantOrGroupBy(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
 
 /*
 ** Walk the expression tree passed as the first argument. Return non-zero
-** if the expression consists entirely of constants or copies of terms 
+** if the expression consists entirely of constants or copies of terms
 ** in pGroupBy that sort with the BINARY collation sequence.
 **
 ** This routine is used to determine if a term of the HAVING clause can
@@ -97785,9 +102352,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, ExprLi
 }
 
 /*
-** Walk an expression tree.  Return non-zero if the expression is constant
-** or a function call with constant arguments.  Return and 0 if there
-** are any variables.
+** Walk an expression tree for the DEFAULT field of a column definition
+** in a CREATE TABLE statement.  Return non-zero if the expression is
+** acceptable for use as a DEFAULT.  That is to say, return non-zero if
+** the expression is constant or a function call with constant arguments.
+** Return and 0 if there are any variables.
+**
+** isInit is true when parsing from sqlite_schema.  isInit is false when
+** processing a new CREATE TABLE statement.  When isInit is true, parameters
+** (such as ? or $abc) in the expression are converted into NULL.  When
+** isInit is false, parameters raise an error.  Parameters should not be
+** allowed in a CREATE TABLE statement, but some legacy versions of SQLite
+** allowed it, so we need to support it when reading sqlite_schema for
+** backwards compatibility.
+**
+** If isInit is true, set EP_FromDDL on every TK_FUNCTION node.
 **
 ** For the purposes of this function, a double-quoted string (ex: "abc")
 ** is considered a variable but a single-quoted string (ex: 'abc') is
@@ -97824,7 +102403,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr *p){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr *p, int *pValue){
   int rc = 0;
-  if( p==0 ) return 0;  /* Can only happen following on OOM */
+  if( NEVER(p==0) ) return 0;  /* Used to only happen following on OOM */
 
   /* If an expression is an integer literal that fits in a signed 32-bit
   ** integer, then the EP_IntValue flag will have already been set */
@@ -97858,7 +102437,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr *p, int *pValue){
 ** Return FALSE if there is no chance that the expression can be NULL.
 **
 ** If the expression might be NULL or if the expression is too complex
-** to tell return TRUE.  
+** to tell return TRUE.
 **
 ** This routine is used as an optimization, to skip OP_IsNull opcodes
 ** when we know that a value cannot be NULL.  Hence, a false positive
@@ -97870,7 +102449,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr *p, int *pValue){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr *p){
   u8 op;
-  while( p->op==TK_UPLUS || p->op==TK_UMINUS ){ p = p->pLeft; }
+  while( p->op==TK_UPLUS || p->op==TK_UMINUS ){
+    p = p->pLeft;
+  }
   op = p->op;
   if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = p->op2;
   switch( op ){
@@ -97881,8 +102462,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr *p){
       return 0;
     case TK_COLUMN:
       return ExprHasProperty(p, EP_CanBeNull) ||
-             p->pTab==0 ||  /* Reference to column of index on expression */
-             (p->iColumn>=0 && p->pTab->aCol[p->iColumn].notNull==0);
+             p->y.pTab==0 ||  /* Reference to column of index on expression */
+             (p->iColumn>=0
+              && ALWAYS(p->y.pTab->aCol!=0) /* Defense against OOM problems */
+              && p->y.pTab->aCol[p->iColumn].notNull==0);
     default:
       return 1;
   }
@@ -97900,27 +102483,30 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr *p){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr *p, char aff){
   u8 op;
+  int unaryMinus = 0;
   if( aff==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ) return 1;
-  while( p->op==TK_UPLUS || p->op==TK_UMINUS ){ p = p->pLeft; }
+  while( p->op==TK_UPLUS || p->op==TK_UMINUS ){
+    if( p->op==TK_UMINUS ) unaryMinus = 1;
+    p = p->pLeft;
+  }
   op = p->op;
   if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = p->op2;
   switch( op ){
     case TK_INTEGER: {
-      return aff==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER || aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
+      return aff>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
     }
     case TK_FLOAT: {
-      return aff==SQLITE_AFF_REAL || aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
+      return aff>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
     }
     case TK_STRING: {
-      return aff==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
+      return !unaryMinus && aff==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
     }
     case TK_BLOB: {
-      return 1;
+      return !unaryMinus;
     }
     case TK_COLUMN: {
       assert( p->iTable>=0 );  /* p cannot be part of a CHECK constraint */
-      return p->iColumn<0
-          && (aff==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER || aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC);
+      return aff>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC && p->iColumn<0;
     }
     default: {
       return 0;
@@ -97939,7 +102525,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsRowid(const char *z){
 }
 
 /*
-** pX is the RHS of an IN operator.  If pX is a SELECT statement 
+** pX is the RHS of an IN operator.  If pX is a SELECT statement
 ** that can be simplified to a direct table access, then return
 ** a pointer to the SELECT statement.  If pX is not a SELECT statement,
 ** or if the SELECT statement needs to be manifested into a transient
@@ -98005,7 +102591,7 @@ static void sqlite3SetHasNullFlag(Vdbe *v, int iCur, int regHasNull){
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
 /*
-** The argument is an IN operator with a list (not a subquery) on the 
+** The argument is an IN operator with a list (not a subquery) on the
 ** right-hand side.  Return TRUE if that list is constant.
 */
 static int sqlite3InRhsIsConstant(Expr *pIn){
@@ -98064,9 +102650,9 @@ static int sqlite3InRhsIsConstant(Expr *pIn){
 ** to be unique - either because it is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or due to
 ** a UNIQUE constraint or index.
 **
-** When IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP is used (and the b-tree will be used 
-** for fast set membership tests) then an epheremal table must 
-** be used unless <columns> is a single INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column or an 
+** When IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP is used (and the b-tree will be used
+** for fast set membership tests) then an epheremal table must
+** be used unless <columns> is a single INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column or an
 ** index can be found with the specified <columns> as its left-most.
 **
 ** If the IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK and IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP are both set and
@@ -98078,7 +102664,7 @@ static int sqlite3InRhsIsConstant(Expr *pIn){
 **
 ** When the b-tree is being used for membership tests, the calling function
 ** might need to know whether or not the RHS side of the IN operator
-** contains a NULL.  If prRhsHasNull is not a NULL pointer and 
+** contains a NULL.  If prRhsHasNull is not a NULL pointer and
 ** if there is any chance that the (...) might contain a NULL value at
 ** runtime, then a register is allocated and the register number written
 ** to *prRhsHasNull. If there is no chance that the (...) contains a
@@ -98103,10 +102689,11 @@ static int sqlite3InRhsIsConstant(Expr *pIn){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(
   Parse *pParse,             /* Parsing context */
-  Expr *pX,                  /* The right-hand side (RHS) of the IN operator */
+  Expr *pX,                  /* The IN expression */
   u32 inFlags,               /* IN_INDEX_LOOP, _MEMBERSHIP, and/or _NOOP_OK */
   int *prRhsHasNull,         /* Register holding NULL status.  See notes */
-  int *aiMap                 /* Mapping from Index fields to RHS fields */
+  int *aiMap,                /* Mapping from Index fields to RHS fields */
+  int *piTab                 /* OUT: index to use */
 ){
   Select *p;                            /* SELECT to the right of IN operator */
   int eType = 0;                        /* Type of RHS table. IN_INDEX_* */
@@ -98117,9 +102704,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(
   assert( pX->op==TK_IN );
   mustBeUnique = (inFlags & IN_INDEX_LOOP)!=0;
 
-  /* If the RHS of this IN(...) operator is a SELECT, and if it matters 
+  /* If the RHS of this IN(...) operator is a SELECT, and if it matters
   ** whether or not the SELECT result contains NULL values, check whether
-  ** or not NULL is actually possible (it may not be, for example, due 
+  ** or not NULL is actually possible (it may not be, for example, due
   ** to NOT NULL constraints in the schema). If no NULL values are possible,
   ** set prRhsHasNull to 0 before continuing.  */
   if( prRhsHasNull && (pX->flags & EP_xIsSelect) ){
@@ -98134,12 +102721,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(
   }
 
   /* Check to see if an existing table or index can be used to
-  ** satisfy the query.  This is preferable to generating a new 
+  ** satisfy the query.  This is preferable to generating a new
   ** ephemeral table.  */
   if( pParse->nErr==0 && (p = isCandidateForInOpt(pX))!=0 ){
     sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;              /* Database connection */
     Table *pTab;                           /* Table <table>. */
-    i16 iDb;                               /* Database idx for pTab */
+    int iDb;                               /* Database idx for pTab */
     ExprList *pEList = p->pEList;
     int nExpr = pEList->nExpr;
 
@@ -98150,6 +102737,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(
 
     /* Code an OP_Transaction and OP_TableLock for <table>. */
     iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
+    assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED );
     sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
     sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTab->tnum, 0, pTab->zName);
 
@@ -98169,7 +102757,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(
       int affinity_ok = 1;
       int i;
 
-      /* Check that the affinity that will be used to perform each 
+      /* Check that the affinity that will be used to perform each
       ** comparison is the same as the affinity of each column in table
       ** on the RHS of the IN operator.  If it not, it is not possible to
       ** use any index of the RHS table.  */
@@ -98201,6 +102789,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(
           Bitmask colUsed;      /* Columns of the index used */
           Bitmask mCol;         /* Mask for the current column */
           if( pIdx->nColumn<nExpr ) continue;
+          if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere!=0 ) continue;
           /* Maximum nColumn is BMS-2, not BMS-1, so that we can compute
           ** BITMASK(nExpr) without overflowing */
           testcase( pIdx->nColumn==BMS-2 );
@@ -98213,14 +102802,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(
               continue;  /* This index is not unique over the IN RHS columns */
             }
           }
-  
+
           colUsed = 0;   /* Columns of index used so far */
           for(i=0; i<nExpr; i++){
             Expr *pLhs = sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(pX->pLeft, i);
             Expr *pRhs = pEList->a[i].pExpr;
             CollSeq *pReq = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pLhs, pRhs);
             int j;
-  
+
             assert( pReq!=0 || pRhs->iColumn==XN_ROWID || pParse->nErr );
             for(j=0; j<nExpr; j++){
               if( pIdx->aiColumn[j]!=pRhs->iColumn ) continue;
@@ -98236,7 +102825,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(
             colUsed |= mCol;
             if( aiMap ) aiMap[i] = j;
           }
-  
+
           assert( i==nExpr || colUsed!=(MASKBIT(nExpr)-1) );
           if( colUsed==(MASKBIT(nExpr)-1) ){
             /* If we reach this point, that means the index pIdx is usable */
@@ -98248,11 +102837,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(
             VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->zName));
             assert( IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC == IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC+1 );
             eType = IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC + pIdx->aSortOrder[0];
-  
+
             if( prRhsHasNull ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_USED_MASK
               i64 mask = (1<<nExpr)-1;
-              sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Dup8(v, OP_ColumnsUsed, 
+              sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Dup8(v, OP_ColumnsUsed,
                   iTab, 0, 0, (u8*)&mask, P4_INT64);
 #endif
               *prRhsHasNull = ++pParse->nMem;
@@ -98291,16 +102880,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(
     eType = IN_INDEX_EPH;
     if( inFlags & IN_INDEX_LOOP ){
       pParse->nQueryLoop = 0;
-      if( pX->pLeft->iColumn<0 && !ExprHasProperty(pX, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-        eType = IN_INDEX_ROWID;
-      }
     }else if( prRhsHasNull ){
       *prRhsHasNull = rMayHaveNull = ++pParse->nMem;
     }
-    sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pX, rMayHaveNull, eType==IN_INDEX_ROWID);
+    assert( pX->op==TK_IN );
+    sqlite3CodeRhsOfIN(pParse, pX, iTab);
+    if( rMayHaveNull ){
+      sqlite3SetHasNullFlag(v, iTab, rMayHaveNull);
+    }
     pParse->nQueryLoop = savedNQueryLoop;
-  }else{
-    pX->iTable = iTab;
   }
 
   if( aiMap && eType!=IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC && eType!=IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC ){
@@ -98308,14 +102896,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(
     n = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pX->pLeft);
     for(i=0; i<n; i++) aiMap[i] = i;
   }
+  *piTab = iTab;
   return eType;
 }
 #endif
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
 /*
-** Argument pExpr is an (?, ?...) IN(...) expression. This 
-** function allocates and returns a nul-terminated string containing 
+** Argument pExpr is an (?, ?...) IN(...) expression. This
+** function allocates and returns a nul-terminated string containing
 ** the affinities to be used for each column of the comparison.
 **
 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to ensure that the returned
@@ -98348,20 +102937,22 @@ static char *exprINAffinity(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
 /*
-** Load the Parse object passed as the first argument with an error 
+** Load the Parse object passed as the first argument with an error
 ** message of the form:
 **
 **   "sub-select returns N columns - expected M"
-*/   
+*/
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SubselectError(Parse *pParse, int nActual, int nExpect){
-  const char *zFmt = "sub-select returns %d columns - expected %d";
-  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, zFmt, nActual, nExpect);
+  if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
+    const char *zFmt = "sub-select returns %d columns - expected %d";
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, zFmt, nActual, nExpect);
+  }
 }
 #endif
 
 /*
 ** Expression pExpr is a vector that has been used in a context where
-** it is not permitted. If pExpr is a sub-select vector, this routine 
+** it is not permitted. If pExpr is a sub-select vector, this routine
 ** loads the Parse object with a message of the form:
 **
 **   "sub-select returns N columns - expected 1"
@@ -98369,7 +102960,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SubselectError(Parse *pParse, int nActual, int nExpec
 ** Or, if it is a regular scalar vector:
 **
 **   "row value misused"
-*/   
+*/
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
   if( pExpr->flags & EP_xIsSelect ){
@@ -98381,260 +102972,319 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
   }
 }
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
 /*
-** Generate code for scalar subqueries used as a subquery expression, EXISTS,
-** or IN operators.  Examples:
+** Generate code that will construct an ephemeral table containing all terms
+** in the RHS of an IN operator.  The IN operator can be in either of two
+** forms:
 **
-**     (SELECT a FROM b)          -- subquery
-**     EXISTS (SELECT a FROM b)   -- EXISTS subquery
 **     x IN (4,5,11)              -- IN operator with list on right-hand side
 **     x IN (SELECT a FROM b)     -- IN operator with subquery on the right
 **
-** The pExpr parameter describes the expression that contains the IN
-** operator or subquery.
-**
-** If parameter isRowid is non-zero, then expression pExpr is guaranteed
-** to be of the form "<rowid> IN (?, ?, ?)", where <rowid> is a reference
-** to some integer key column of a table B-Tree. In this case, use an
-** intkey B-Tree to store the set of IN(...) values instead of the usual
-** (slower) variable length keys B-Tree.
-**
-** If rMayHaveNull is non-zero, that means that the operation is an IN
-** (not a SELECT or EXISTS) and that the RHS might contains NULLs.
-** All this routine does is initialize the register given by rMayHaveNull
-** to NULL.  Calling routines will take care of changing this register
-** value to non-NULL if the RHS is NULL-free.
-**
-** For a SELECT or EXISTS operator, return the register that holds the
-** result.  For a multi-column SELECT, the result is stored in a contiguous
-** array of registers and the return value is the register of the left-most
-** result column.  Return 0 for IN operators or if an error occurs.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CodeSubselect(
+** The pExpr parameter is the IN operator.  The cursor number for the
+** constructed ephermeral table is returned.  The first time the ephemeral
+** table is computed, the cursor number is also stored in pExpr->iTable,
+** however the cursor number returned might not be the same, as it might
+** have been duplicated using OP_OpenDup.
+**
+** If the LHS expression ("x" in the examples) is a column value, or
+** the SELECT statement returns a column value, then the affinity of that
+** column is used to build the index keys. If both 'x' and the
+** SELECT... statement are columns, then numeric affinity is used
+** if either column has NUMERIC or INTEGER affinity. If neither
+** 'x' nor the SELECT... statement are columns, then numeric affinity
+** is used.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeRhsOfIN(
   Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
-  Expr *pExpr,            /* The IN, SELECT, or EXISTS operator */
-  int rHasNullFlag,       /* Register that records whether NULLs exist in RHS */
-  int isRowid             /* If true, LHS of IN operator is a rowid */
+  Expr *pExpr,            /* The IN operator */
+  int iTab                /* Use this cursor number */
 ){
-  int jmpIfDynamic = -1;                      /* One-time test address */
-  int rReg = 0;                           /* Register storing resulting */
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( NEVER(v==0) ) return 0;
+  int addrOnce = 0;           /* Address of the OP_Once instruction at top */
+  int addr;                   /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral instruction */
+  Expr *pLeft;                /* the LHS of the IN operator */
+  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = 0;      /* Key information */
+  int nVal;                   /* Size of vector pLeft */
+  Vdbe *v;                    /* The prepared statement under construction */
 
-  /* The evaluation of the IN/EXISTS/SELECT must be repeated every time it
+  v = pParse->pVdbe;
+  assert( v!=0 );
+
+  /* The evaluation of the IN must be repeated every time it
   ** is encountered if any of the following is true:
   **
   **    *  The right-hand side is a correlated subquery
   **    *  The right-hand side is an expression list containing variables
   **    *  We are inside a trigger
   **
-  ** If all of the above are false, then we can run this code just once
-  ** save the results, and reuse the same result on subsequent invocations.
+  ** If all of the above are false, then we can compute the RHS just once
+  ** and reuse it many names.
   */
-  if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect) ){
-    jmpIfDynamic = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);
+  if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect) && pParse->iSelfTab==0 ){
+    /* Reuse of the RHS is allowed */
+    /* If this routine has already been coded, but the previous code
+    ** might not have been invoked yet, so invoke it now as a subroutine.
+    */
+    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Subrtn) ){
+      addrOnce = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);
+      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
+        ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 0, "REUSE LIST SUBQUERY %d",
+              pExpr->x.pSelect->selId));
+      }
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pExpr->y.sub.regReturn,
+                        pExpr->y.sub.iAddr);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, iTab, pExpr->iTable);
+      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    /* Begin coding the subroutine */
+    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Subrtn);
+    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
+    pExpr->y.sub.regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
+    pExpr->y.sub.iAddr =
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pExpr->y.sub.regReturn) + 1;
+    VdbeComment((v, "return address"));
+
+    addrOnce = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);
   }
 
-  switch( pExpr->op ){
-    case TK_IN: {
-      int addr;                   /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral instruction */
-      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft; /* the LHS of the IN operator */
-      KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = 0;      /* Key information */
-      int nVal;                   /* Size of vector pLeft */
-      
-      nVal = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pLeft);
-      assert( !isRowid || nVal==1 );
-
-      /* Whether this is an 'x IN(SELECT...)' or an 'x IN(<exprlist>)'
-      ** expression it is handled the same way.  An ephemeral table is 
-      ** filled with index keys representing the results from the 
-      ** SELECT or the <exprlist>.
-      **
-      ** If the 'x' expression is a column value, or the SELECT...
-      ** statement returns a column value, then the affinity of that
-      ** column is used to build the index keys. If both 'x' and the
-      ** SELECT... statement are columns, then numeric affinity is used
-      ** if either column has NUMERIC or INTEGER affinity. If neither
-      ** 'x' nor the SELECT... statement are columns, then numeric affinity
-      ** is used.
-      */
-      pExpr->iTable = pParse->nTab++;
-      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, 
-          pExpr->iTable, (isRowid?0:nVal));
-      pKeyInfo = isRowid ? 0 : sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(pParse->db, nVal, 1);
+  /* Check to see if this is a vector IN operator */
+  pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
+  nVal = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pLeft);
 
-      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-        /* Case 1:     expr IN (SELECT ...)
-        **
-        ** Generate code to write the results of the select into the temporary
-        ** table allocated and opened above.
-        */
-        Select *pSelect = pExpr->x.pSelect;
-        ExprList *pEList = pSelect->pEList;
-
-        ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "%sLIST SUBQUERY",
-            jmpIfDynamic>=0?"":"CORRELATED "
-        ));
-        assert( !isRowid );
-        /* If the LHS and RHS of the IN operator do not match, that
-        ** error will have been caught long before we reach this point. */
-        if( ALWAYS(pEList->nExpr==nVal) ){
-          SelectDest dest;
-          int i;
-          sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Set, pExpr->iTable);
-          dest.zAffSdst = exprINAffinity(pParse, pExpr);
-          pSelect->iLimit = 0;
-          testcase( pSelect->selFlags & SF_Distinct );
-          testcase( pKeyInfo==0 ); /* Caused by OOM in sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc() */
-          if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest) ){
-            sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, dest.zAffSdst);
-            sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(pKeyInfo);
-            return 0;
-          }
-          sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, dest.zAffSdst);
-          assert( pKeyInfo!=0 ); /* OOM will cause exit after sqlite3Select() */
-          assert( pEList!=0 );
-          assert( pEList->nExpr>0 );
-          assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pKeyInfo) );
-          for(i=0; i<nVal; i++){
-            Expr *p = sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(pLeft, i);
-            pKeyInfo->aColl[i] = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(
-                pParse, p, pEList->a[i].pExpr
-            );
-          }
-        }
-      }else if( ALWAYS(pExpr->x.pList!=0) ){
-        /* Case 2:     expr IN (exprlist)
-        **
-        ** For each expression, build an index key from the evaluation and
-        ** store it in the temporary table. If <expr> is a column, then use
-        ** that columns affinity when building index keys. If <expr> is not
-        ** a column, use numeric affinity.
-        */
-        char affinity;            /* Affinity of the LHS of the IN */
-        int i;
-        ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
-        struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-        int r1, r2, r3;
-        affinity = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pLeft);
-        if( !affinity ){
-          affinity = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
-        }
-        if( pKeyInfo ){
-          assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pKeyInfo) );
-          pKeyInfo->aColl[0] = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
-        }
+  /* Construct the ephemeral table that will contain the content of
+  ** RHS of the IN operator.
+  */
+  pExpr->iTable = iTab;
+  addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pExpr->iTable, nVal);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
+  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
+    VdbeComment((v, "Result of SELECT %u", pExpr->x.pSelect->selId));
+  }else{
+    VdbeComment((v, "RHS of IN operator"));
+  }
+#endif
+  pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(pParse->db, nVal, 1);
 
-        /* Loop through each expression in <exprlist>. */
-        r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-        r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-        if( isRowid ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Blob, 0, r2, 0, "", P4_STATIC);
-        for(i=pList->nExpr, pItem=pList->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
-          Expr *pE2 = pItem->pExpr;
-          int iValToIns;
-
-          /* If the expression is not constant then we will need to
-          ** disable the test that was generated above that makes sure
-          ** this code only executes once.  Because for a non-constant
-          ** expression we need to rerun this code each time.
-          */
-          if( jmpIfDynamic>=0 && !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pE2) ){
-            sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, jmpIfDynamic);
-            jmpIfDynamic = -1;
-          }
+  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
+    /* Case 1:     expr IN (SELECT ...)
+    **
+    ** Generate code to write the results of the select into the temporary
+    ** table allocated and opened above.
+    */
+    Select *pSelect = pExpr->x.pSelect;
+    ExprList *pEList = pSelect->pEList;
 
-          /* Evaluate the expression and insert it into the temp table */
-          if( isRowid && sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE2, &iValToIns) ){
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InsertInt, pExpr->iTable, r2, iValToIns);
-          }else{
-            r3 = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pE2, r1);
-            if( isRowid ){
-              sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_MustBeInt, r3,
-                                sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
-              VdbeCoverage(v);
-              sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, pExpr->iTable, r2, r3);
-            }else{
-              sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, r3, 1, r2, &affinity, 1);
-              sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, pExpr->iTable, r2, r3, 1);
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
+    ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "%sLIST SUBQUERY %d",
+        addrOnce?"":"CORRELATED ", pSelect->selId
+    ));
+    /* If the LHS and RHS of the IN operator do not match, that
+    ** error will have been caught long before we reach this point. */
+    if( ALWAYS(pEList->nExpr==nVal) ){
+      SelectDest dest;
+      int i;
+      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Set, iTab);
+      dest.zAffSdst = exprINAffinity(pParse, pExpr);
+      pSelect->iLimit = 0;
+      testcase( pSelect->selFlags & SF_Distinct );
+      testcase( pKeyInfo==0 ); /* Caused by OOM in sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc() */
+      if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest) ){
+        sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, dest.zAffSdst);
+        sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(pKeyInfo);
+        return;
       }
-      if( pKeyInfo ){
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr, (void *)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
+      sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, dest.zAffSdst);
+      assert( pKeyInfo!=0 ); /* OOM will cause exit after sqlite3Select() */
+      assert( pEList!=0 );
+      assert( pEList->nExpr>0 );
+      assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pKeyInfo) );
+      for(i=0; i<nVal; i++){
+        Expr *p = sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(pLeft, i);
+        pKeyInfo->aColl[i] = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(
+            pParse, p, pEList->a[i].pExpr
+        );
       }
-      break;
+    }
+  }else if( ALWAYS(pExpr->x.pList!=0) ){
+    /* Case 2:     expr IN (exprlist)
+    **
+    ** For each expression, build an index key from the evaluation and
+    ** store it in the temporary table. If <expr> is a column, then use
+    ** that columns affinity when building index keys. If <expr> is not
+    ** a column, use numeric affinity.
+    */
+    char affinity;            /* Affinity of the LHS of the IN */
+    int i;
+    ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
+    struct ExprList_item *pItem;
+    int r1, r2;
+    affinity = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pLeft);
+    if( affinity<=SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){
+      affinity = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
+    }else if( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
+      affinity = SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
+    }
+    if( pKeyInfo ){
+      assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pKeyInfo) );
+      pKeyInfo->aColl[0] = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
     }
 
-    case TK_EXISTS:
-    case TK_SELECT:
-    default: {
-      /* Case 3:    (SELECT ... FROM ...)
-      **     or:    EXISTS(SELECT ... FROM ...)
-      **
-      ** For a SELECT, generate code to put the values for all columns of
-      ** the first row into an array of registers and return the index of
-      ** the first register.
-      **
-      ** If this is an EXISTS, write an integer 0 (not exists) or 1 (exists)
-      ** into a register and return that register number.
-      **
-      ** In both cases, the query is augmented with "LIMIT 1".  Any 
-      ** preexisting limit is discarded in place of the new LIMIT 1.
+    /* Loop through each expression in <exprlist>. */
+    r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+    r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+    for(i=pList->nExpr, pItem=pList->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
+      Expr *pE2 = pItem->pExpr;
+
+      /* If the expression is not constant then we will need to
+      ** disable the test that was generated above that makes sure
+      ** this code only executes once.  Because for a non-constant
+      ** expression we need to rerun this code each time.
       */
-      Select *pSel;                         /* SELECT statement to encode */
-      SelectDest dest;                      /* How to deal with SELECT result */
-      int nReg;                             /* Registers to allocate */
-      Expr *pLimit;                         /* New limit expression */
-
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS );
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );
-      assert( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS || pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );
-      assert( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-
-      pSel = pExpr->x.pSelect;
-      ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "%sSCALAR SUBQUERY",
-            jmpIfDynamic>=0?"":"CORRELATED "));
-      nReg = pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ? pSel->pEList->nExpr : 1;
-      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, 0, pParse->nMem+1);
-      pParse->nMem += nReg;
-      if( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ){
-        dest.eDest = SRT_Mem;
-        dest.iSdst = dest.iSDParm;
-        dest.nSdst = nReg;
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, dest.iSDParm, dest.iSDParm+nReg-1);
-        VdbeComment((v, "Init subquery result"));
-      }else{
-        dest.eDest = SRT_Exists;
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, dest.iSDParm);
-        VdbeComment((v, "Init EXISTS result"));
-      }
-      pLimit = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER,&sqlite3IntTokens[1], 0);
-      if( pSel->pLimit ){
-        sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pSel->pLimit->pLeft);
-        pSel->pLimit->pLeft = pLimit;
-      }else{
-        pSel->pLimit = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_LIMIT, pLimit, 0);
+      if( addrOnce && !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pE2) ){
+        sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrOnce);
+        ExprClearProperty(pExpr, EP_Subrtn);
+        addrOnce = 0;
       }
-      pSel->iLimit = 0;
-      if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pSel, &dest) ){
-        return 0;
-      }
-      rReg = dest.iSDParm;
-      ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_NoReduce);
-      break;
+
+      /* Evaluate the expression and insert it into the temp table */
+      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pE2, r1);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, r1, 1, r2, &affinity, 1);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iTab, r2, r1, 1);
     }
+    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
+    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
+  }
+  if( pKeyInfo ){
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr, (void *)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
   }
+  if( addrOnce ){
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
+    /* Subroutine return */
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pExpr->y.sub.regReturn);
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, pExpr->y.sub.iAddr-1, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-1);
+    sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
+  }
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */
 
-  if( rHasNullFlag ){
-    sqlite3SetHasNullFlag(v, pExpr->iTable, rHasNullFlag);
+/*
+** Generate code for scalar subqueries used as a subquery expression
+** or EXISTS operator:
+**
+**     (SELECT a FROM b)          -- subquery
+**     EXISTS (SELECT a FROM b)   -- EXISTS subquery
+**
+** The pExpr parameter is the SELECT or EXISTS operator to be coded.
+**
+** Return the register that holds the result.  For a multi-column SELECT,
+** the result is stored in a contiguous array of registers and the
+** return value is the register of the left-most result column.
+** Return 0 if an error occurs.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
+  int addrOnce = 0;           /* Address of OP_Once at top of subroutine */
+  int rReg = 0;               /* Register storing resulting */
+  Select *pSel;               /* SELECT statement to encode */
+  SelectDest dest;            /* How to deal with SELECT result */
+  int nReg;                   /* Registers to allocate */
+  Expr *pLimit;               /* New limit expression */
+
+  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
+  assert( v!=0 );
+  testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS );
+  testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );
+  assert( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS || pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );
+  assert( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
+  pSel = pExpr->x.pSelect;
+
+  /* The evaluation of the EXISTS/SELECT must be repeated every time it
+  ** is encountered if any of the following is true:
+  **
+  **    *  The right-hand side is a correlated subquery
+  **    *  The right-hand side is an expression list containing variables
+  **    *  We are inside a trigger
+  **
+  ** If all of the above are false, then we can run this code just once
+  ** save the results, and reuse the same result on subsequent invocations.
+  */
+  if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect) ){
+    /* If this routine has already been coded, then invoke it as a
+    ** subroutine. */
+    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Subrtn) ){
+      ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 0, "REUSE SUBQUERY %d", pSel->selId));
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pExpr->y.sub.regReturn,
+                        pExpr->y.sub.iAddr);
+      return pExpr->iTable;
+    }
+
+    /* Begin coding the subroutine */
+    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Subrtn);
+    pExpr->y.sub.regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
+    pExpr->y.sub.iAddr =
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pExpr->y.sub.regReturn) + 1;
+    VdbeComment((v, "return address"));
+
+    addrOnce = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);
+  }
+
+  /* For a SELECT, generate code to put the values for all columns of
+  ** the first row into an array of registers and return the index of
+  ** the first register.
+  **
+  ** If this is an EXISTS, write an integer 0 (not exists) or 1 (exists)
+  ** into a register and return that register number.
+  **
+  ** In both cases, the query is augmented with "LIMIT 1".  Any
+  ** preexisting limit is discarded in place of the new LIMIT 1.
+  */
+  ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "%sSCALAR SUBQUERY %d",
+        addrOnce?"":"CORRELATED ", pSel->selId));
+  nReg = pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ? pSel->pEList->nExpr : 1;
+  sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, 0, pParse->nMem+1);
+  pParse->nMem += nReg;
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ){
+    dest.eDest = SRT_Mem;
+    dest.iSdst = dest.iSDParm;
+    dest.nSdst = nReg;
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, dest.iSDParm, dest.iSDParm+nReg-1);
+    VdbeComment((v, "Init subquery result"));
+  }else{
+    dest.eDest = SRT_Exists;
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, dest.iSDParm);
+    VdbeComment((v, "Init EXISTS result"));
+  }
+  if( pSel->pLimit ){
+    /* The subquery already has a limit.  If the pre-existing limit is X
+    ** then make the new limit X<>0 so that the new limit is either 1 or 0 */
+    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+    pLimit = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_INTEGER, "0");
+    if( pLimit ){
+      pLimit->affExpr = SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
+      pLimit = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NE,
+                            sqlite3ExprDup(db, pSel->pLimit->pLeft, 0), pLimit);
+    }
+    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pSel->pLimit->pLeft);
+    pSel->pLimit->pLeft = pLimit;
+  }else{
+    /* If there is no pre-existing limit add a limit of 1 */
+    pLimit = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER, "1");
+    pSel->pLimit = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_LIMIT, pLimit, 0);
+  }
+  pSel->iLimit = 0;
+  if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pSel, &dest) ){
+    return 0;
   }
+  pExpr->iTable = rReg = dest.iSDParm;
+  ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_NoReduce);
+  if( addrOnce ){
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
 
-  if( jmpIfDynamic>=0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmpIfDynamic);
+    /* Subroutine return */
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pExpr->y.sub.regReturn);
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, pExpr->y.sub.iAddr-1, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-1);
+    sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
   }
 
   return rReg;
@@ -98643,9 +103293,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CodeSubselect(
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
 /*
-** Expr pIn is an IN(...) expression. This function checks that the 
-** sub-select on the RHS of the IN() operator has the same number of 
-** columns as the vector on the LHS. Or, if the RHS of the IN() is not 
+** Expr pIn is an IN(...) expression. This function checks that the
+** sub-select on the RHS of the IN() operator has the same number of
+** columns as the vector on the LHS. Or, if the RHS of the IN() is not
 ** a sub-query, that the LHS is a vector of size 1.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse *pParse, Expr *pIn){
@@ -98670,18 +103320,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse *pParse, Expr *pIn){
 **      x IN (SELECT ...)
 **      x IN (value, value, ...)
 **
-** The left-hand side (LHS) is a scalar or vector expression.  The 
+** The left-hand side (LHS) is a scalar or vector expression.  The
 ** right-hand side (RHS) is an array of zero or more scalar values, or a
 ** subquery.  If the RHS is a subquery, the number of result columns must
 ** match the number of columns in the vector on the LHS.  If the RHS is
-** a list of values, the LHS must be a scalar. 
+** a list of values, the LHS must be a scalar.
 **
 ** The IN operator is true if the LHS value is contained within the RHS.
-** The result is false if the LHS is definitely not in the RHS.  The 
-** result is NULL if the presence of the LHS in the RHS cannot be 
+** The result is false if the LHS is definitely not in the RHS.  The
+** result is NULL if the presence of the LHS in the RHS cannot be
 ** determined due to NULLs.
 **
-** This routine generates code that jumps to destIfFalse if the LHS is not 
+** This routine generates code that jumps to destIfFalse if the LHS is not
 ** contained within the RHS.  If due to NULLs we cannot determine if the LHS
 ** is contained in the RHS then jump to destIfNull.  If the LHS is contained
 ** within the RHS then fall through.
@@ -98710,8 +103360,11 @@ static void sqlite3ExprCodeIN(
   int destStep6 = 0;    /* Start of code for Step 6 */
   int addrTruthOp;      /* Address of opcode that determines the IN is true */
   int destNotNull;      /* Jump here if a comparison is not true in step 6 */
-  int addrTop;          /* Top of the step-6 loop */ 
+  int addrTop;          /* Top of the step-6 loop */
+  int iTab = 0;         /* Index to use */
+  u8 okConstFactor = pParse->okConstFactor;
 
+  assert( !ExprHasVVAProperty(pExpr,EP_Immutable) );
   pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
   if( sqlite3ExprCheckIN(pParse, pExpr) ) return;
   zAff = exprINAffinity(pParse, pExpr);
@@ -98722,7 +103375,7 @@ static void sqlite3ExprCodeIN(
   if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) goto sqlite3ExprCodeIN_oom_error;
 
   /* Attempt to compute the RHS. After this step, if anything other than
-  ** IN_INDEX_NOOP is returned, the table opened ith cursor pExpr->iTable 
+  ** IN_INDEX_NOOP is returned, the table opened with cursor iTab
   ** contains the values that make up the RHS. If IN_INDEX_NOOP is returned,
   ** the RHS has not yet been coded.  */
   v = pParse->pVdbe;
@@ -98730,10 +103383,11 @@ static void sqlite3ExprCodeIN(
   VdbeNoopComment((v, "begin IN expr"));
   eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pExpr,
                              IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP | IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK,
-                             destIfFalse==destIfNull ? 0 : &rRhsHasNull, aiMap);
+                             destIfFalse==destIfNull ? 0 : &rRhsHasNull,
+                             aiMap, &iTab);
 
   assert( pParse->nErr || nVector==1 || eType==IN_INDEX_EPH
-       || eType==IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC || eType==IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC 
+       || eType==IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC || eType==IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC
   );
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   /* Confirm that aiMap[] contains nVector integer values between 0 and
@@ -98745,16 +103399,22 @@ static void sqlite3ExprCodeIN(
   }
 #endif
 
-  /* Code the LHS, the <expr> from "<expr> IN (...)". If the LHS is a 
-  ** vector, then it is stored in an array of nVector registers starting 
+  /* Code the LHS, the <expr> from "<expr> IN (...)". If the LHS is a
+  ** vector, then it is stored in an array of nVector registers starting
   ** at r1.
   **
   ** sqlite3FindInIndex() might have reordered the fields of the LHS vector
   ** so that the fields are in the same order as an existing index.   The
   ** aiMap[] array contains a mapping from the original LHS field order to
   ** the field order that matches the RHS index.
-  */
+  **
+  ** Avoid factoring the LHS of the IN(...) expression out of the loop,
+  ** even if it is constant, as OP_Affinity may be used on the register
+  ** by code generated below.  */
+  assert( pParse->okConstFactor==okConstFactor );
+  pParse->okConstFactor = 0;
   rLhsOrig = exprCodeVector(pParse, pLeft, &iDummy);
+  pParse->okConstFactor = okConstFactor;
   for(i=0; i<nVector && aiMap[i]==i; i++){} /* Are LHS fields reordered? */
   if( i==nVector ){
     /* LHS fields are not reordered */
@@ -98776,7 +103436,7 @@ static void sqlite3ExprCodeIN(
   if( eType==IN_INDEX_NOOP ){
     ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
     CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
-    int labelOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+    int labelOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
     int r2, regToFree;
     int regCkNull = 0;
     int ii;
@@ -98790,19 +103450,25 @@ static void sqlite3ExprCodeIN(
       if( regCkNull && sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pList->a[ii].pExpr) ){
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_BitAnd, regCkNull, r2, regCkNull);
       }
+      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regToFree);
       if( ii<pList->nExpr-1 || destIfNull!=destIfFalse ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Eq, rLhs, labelOk, r2,
+        int op = rLhs!=r2 ? OP_Eq : OP_NotNull;
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, op, rLhs, labelOk, r2,
                           (void*)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
-        VdbeCoverageIf(v, ii<pList->nExpr-1);
-        VdbeCoverageIf(v, ii==pList->nExpr-1);
+        VdbeCoverageIf(v, ii<pList->nExpr-1 && op==OP_Eq);
+        VdbeCoverageIf(v, ii==pList->nExpr-1 && op==OP_Eq);
+        VdbeCoverageIf(v, ii<pList->nExpr-1 && op==OP_NotNull);
+        VdbeCoverageIf(v, ii==pList->nExpr-1 && op==OP_NotNull);
         sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, zAff[0]);
       }else{
+        int op = rLhs!=r2 ? OP_Ne : OP_IsNull;
         assert( destIfNull==destIfFalse );
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Ne, rLhs, destIfFalse, r2,
-                          (void*)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ); VdbeCoverage(v);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, op, rLhs, destIfFalse, r2,
+                          (void*)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
+        VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Ne);
+        VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IsNull);
         sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, zAff[0] | SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
       }
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regToFree);
     }
     if( regCkNull ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regCkNull, destIfNull); VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -98820,8 +103486,9 @@ static void sqlite3ExprCodeIN(
   if( destIfNull==destIfFalse ){
     destStep2 = destIfFalse;
   }else{
-    destStep2 = destStep6 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+    destStep2 = destStep6 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
   }
+  if( pParse->nErr ) goto sqlite3ExprCodeIN_finished;
   for(i=0; i<nVector; i++){
     Expr *p = sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(pExpr->pLeft, i);
     if( sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(p) ){
@@ -98838,19 +103505,19 @@ static void sqlite3ExprCodeIN(
     /* In this case, the RHS is the ROWID of table b-tree and so we also
     ** know that the RHS is non-NULL.  Hence, we combine steps 3 and 4
     ** into a single opcode. */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SeekRowid, pExpr->iTable, destIfFalse, rLhs);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SeekRowid, iTab, destIfFalse, rLhs);
     VdbeCoverage(v);
     addrTruthOp = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);  /* Return True */
   }else{
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Affinity, rLhs, nVector, 0, zAff, nVector);
     if( destIfFalse==destIfNull ){
       /* Combine Step 3 and Step 5 into a single opcode */
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, pExpr->iTable, destIfFalse,
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, iTab, destIfFalse,
                            rLhs, nVector); VdbeCoverage(v);
       goto sqlite3ExprCodeIN_finished;
     }
     /* Ordinary Step 3, for the case where FALSE and NULL are distinct */
-    addrTruthOp = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, pExpr->iTable, 0,
+    addrTruthOp = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iTab, 0,
                                       rLhs, nVector); VdbeCoverage(v);
   }
 
@@ -98863,7 +103530,7 @@ static void sqlite3ExprCodeIN(
   }
 
   /* Step 5.  If we do not care about the difference between NULL and
-  ** FALSE, then just return false. 
+  ** FALSE, then just return false.
   */
   if( destIfFalse==destIfNull ) sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, destIfFalse);
 
@@ -98875,10 +103542,10 @@ static void sqlite3ExprCodeIN(
   ** of the RHS.
   */
   if( destStep6 ) sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, destStep6);
-  addrTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, pExpr->iTable, destIfFalse);
+  addrTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iTab, destIfFalse);
   VdbeCoverage(v);
   if( nVector>1 ){
-    destNotNull = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+    destNotNull = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
   }else{
     /* For nVector==1, combine steps 6 and 7 by immediately returning
     ** FALSE if the first comparison is not NULL */
@@ -98890,7 +103557,7 @@ static void sqlite3ExprCodeIN(
     int r3 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
     p = sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(pLeft, i);
     pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, p);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pExpr->iTable, i, r3);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iTab, i, r3);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Ne, rLhs+i, destNotNull, r3,
                       (void*)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
     VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -98899,7 +103566,7 @@ static void sqlite3ExprCodeIN(
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, destIfNull);
   if( nVector>1 ){
     sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, destNotNull);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pExpr->iTable, addrTop+1);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iTab, addrTop+1);
     VdbeCoverage(v);
 
     /* Step 7:  If we reach this point, we know that the result must
@@ -98924,7 +103591,7 @@ sqlite3ExprCodeIN_oom_error:
 ** Generate an instruction that will put the floating point
 ** value described by z[0..n-1] into register iMem.
 **
-** The z[] string will probably not be zero-terminated.  But the 
+** The z[] string will probably not be zero-terminated.  But the
 ** z[n] character is guaranteed to be something that does not look
 ** like the continuation of the number.
 */
@@ -99003,16 +103670,45 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(
   }
 }
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+/*
+** Generate code that will compute the value of generated column pCol
+** and store the result in register regOut
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeGeneratedColumn(
+  Parse *pParse,
+  Column *pCol,
+  int regOut
+){
+  int iAddr;
+  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
+  assert( v!=0 );
+  assert( pParse->iSelfTab!=0 );
+  if( pParse->iSelfTab>0 ){
+    iAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfNullRow, pParse->iSelfTab-1, 0, regOut);
+  }else{
+    iAddr = 0;
+  }
+  sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(pParse, pCol->pDflt, regOut);
+  if( pCol->affinity>=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Affinity, regOut, 1, 0, &pCol->affinity, 1);
+  }
+  if( iAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iAddr);
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS */
+
 /*
 ** Generate code to extract the value of the iCol-th column of a table.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(
-  Vdbe *v,        /* The VDBE under construction */
+  Vdbe *v,        /* Parsing context */
   Table *pTab,    /* The table containing the value */
   int iTabCur,    /* The table cursor.  Or the PK cursor for WITHOUT ROWID */
   int iCol,       /* Index of the column to extract */
   int regOut      /* Extract the value into this register */
 ){
+  Column *pCol;
+  assert( v!=0 );
   if( pTab==0 ){
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iTabCur, iCol, regOut);
     return;
@@ -99020,21 +103716,43 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(
   if( iCol<0 || iCol==pTab->iPKey ){
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iTabCur, regOut);
   }else{
-    int op = IsVirtual(pTab) ? OP_VColumn : OP_Column;
-    int x = iCol;
-    if( !HasRowid(pTab) && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-      x = sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab), iCol);
+    int op;
+    int x;
+    if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+      op = OP_VColumn;
+      x = iCol;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+    }else if( (pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol])->colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL ){
+      Parse *pParse = sqlite3VdbeParser(v);
+      if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_BUSY ){
+        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "generated column loop on \"%s\"", pCol->zName);
+      }else{
+        int savedSelfTab = pParse->iSelfTab;
+        pCol->colFlags |= COLFLAG_BUSY;
+        pParse->iSelfTab = iTabCur+1;
+        sqlite3ExprCodeGeneratedColumn(pParse, pCol, regOut);
+        pParse->iSelfTab = savedSelfTab;
+        pCol->colFlags &= ~COLFLAG_BUSY;
+      }
+      return;
+#endif
+    }else if( !HasRowid(pTab) ){
+      testcase( iCol!=sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, iCol) );
+      x = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab), iCol);
+      op = OP_Column;
+    }else{
+      x = sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab,iCol);
+      testcase( x!=iCol );
+      op = OP_Column;
     }
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, op, iTabCur, x, regOut);
-  }
-  if( iCol>=0 ){
     sqlite3ColumnDefault(v, pTab, iCol, regOut);
   }
 }
 
 /*
 ** Generate code that will extract the iColumn-th column from
-** table pTab and store the column value in register iReg. 
+** table pTab and store the column value in register iReg.
 **
 ** There must be an open cursor to pTab in iTable when this routine
 ** is called.  If iColumn<0 then code is generated that extracts the rowid.
@@ -99047,11 +103765,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(
   int iReg,        /* Store results here */
   u8 p5            /* P5 value for OP_Column + FLAGS */
 ){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  assert( v!=0 );
-  sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iTable, iColumn, iReg);
+  assert( pParse->pVdbe!=0 );
+  sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(pParse->pVdbe, pTab, iTable, iColumn, iReg);
   if( p5 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, p5);
+    VdbeOp *pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(pParse->pVdbe,-1);
+    if( pOp->opcode==OP_Column ) pOp->p5 = p5;
   }
   return iReg;
 }
@@ -99061,7 +103779,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(
 ** over to iTo..iTo+nReg-1.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse *pParse, int iFrom, int iTo, int nReg){
-  assert( iFrom>=iTo+nReg || iFrom+nReg<=iTo );
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Move, iFrom, iTo, nReg);
 }
 
@@ -99070,7 +103787,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse *pParse, int iFrom, int iTo, int n
 ** register iReg.  The caller must ensure that iReg already contains
 ** the correct value for the expression.
 */
-static void exprToRegister(Expr *p, int iReg){
+static void exprToRegister(Expr *pExpr, int iReg){
+  Expr *p = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pExpr);
+  if( NEVER(p==0) ) return;
   p->op2 = p->op;
   p->op = TK_REGISTER;
   p->iTable = iReg;
@@ -99098,7 +103817,7 @@ static int exprCodeVector(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, int *piFreeable){
 #if SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
       iResult = 0;
 #else
-      iResult = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, p, 0, 0);
+      iResult = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, p);
 #endif
     }else{
       int i;
@@ -99112,6 +103831,124 @@ static int exprCodeVector(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, int *piFreeable){
   return iResult;
 }
 
+/*
+** If the last opcode is a OP_Copy, then set the do-not-merge flag (p5)
+** so that a subsequent copy will not be merged into this one.
+*/
+static void setDoNotMergeFlagOnCopy(Vdbe *v){
+  if( sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, -1)->opcode==OP_Copy ){
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);  /* Tag trailing OP_Copy as not mergable */
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Generate code to implement special SQL functions that are implemented
+** in-line rather than by using the usual callbacks.
+*/
+static int exprCodeInlineFunction(
+  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
+  ExprList *pFarg,      /* List of function arguments */
+  int iFuncId,          /* Function ID.  One of the INTFUNC_... values */
+  int target            /* Store function result in this register */
+){
+  int nFarg;
+  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
+  assert( v!=0 );
+  assert( pFarg!=0 );
+  nFarg = pFarg->nExpr;
+  assert( nFarg>0 );  /* All in-line functions have at least one argument */
+  switch( iFuncId ){
+    case INLINEFUNC_coalesce: {
+      /* Attempt a direct implementation of the built-in COALESCE() and
+      ** IFNULL() functions.  This avoids unnecessary evaluation of
+      ** arguments past the first non-NULL argument.
+      */
+      int endCoalesce = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+      int i;
+      assert( nFarg>=2 );
+      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pFarg->a[0].pExpr, target);
+      for(i=1; i<nFarg; i++){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NotNull, target, endCoalesce);
+        VdbeCoverage(v);
+        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pFarg->a[i].pExpr, target);
+      }
+      setDoNotMergeFlagOnCopy(v);
+      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endCoalesce);
+      break;
+    }
+    case INLINEFUNC_iif: {
+      Expr caseExpr;
+      memset(&caseExpr, 0, sizeof(caseExpr));
+      caseExpr.op = TK_CASE;
+      caseExpr.x.pList = pFarg;
+      return sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, &caseExpr, target);
+    }
+
+    default: {
+      /* The UNLIKELY() function is a no-op.  The result is the value
+      ** of the first argument.
+      */
+      assert( nFarg==1 || nFarg==2 );
+      target = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pFarg->a[0].pExpr, target);
+      break;
+    }
+
+  /***********************************************************************
+  ** Test-only SQL functions that are only usable if enabled
+  ** via SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS
+  */
+    case INLINEFUNC_expr_compare: {
+      /* Compare two expressions using sqlite3ExprCompare() */
+      assert( nFarg==2 );
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer,
+         sqlite3ExprCompare(0,pFarg->a[0].pExpr, pFarg->a[1].pExpr,-1),
+         target);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case INLINEFUNC_expr_implies_expr: {
+      /* Compare two expressions using sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr() */
+      assert( nFarg==2 );
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer,
+         sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pParse,pFarg->a[0].pExpr, pFarg->a[1].pExpr,-1),
+         target);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case INLINEFUNC_implies_nonnull_row: {
+      /* REsult of sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow() */
+      Expr *pA1;
+      assert( nFarg==2 );
+      pA1 = pFarg->a[1].pExpr;
+      if( pA1->op==TK_COLUMN ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer,
+           sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(pFarg->a[0].pExpr,pA1->iTable),
+           target);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, target);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    case INLINEFUNC_affinity: {
+      /* The AFFINITY() function evaluates to a string that describes
+      ** the type affinity of the argument.  This is used for testing of
+      ** the SQLite type logic.
+      */
+      const char *azAff[] = { "blob", "text", "numeric", "integer", "real" };
+      char aff;
+      assert( nFarg==1 );
+      aff = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pFarg->a[0].pExpr);
+      sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, target,
+              (aff<=SQLITE_AFF_NONE) ? "none" : azAff[aff-SQLITE_AFF_BLOB]);
+      break;
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+  return target;
+}
+
 
 /*
 ** Generate code into the current Vdbe to evaluate the given
@@ -99135,33 +103972,45 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target)
   int p5 = 0;
 
   assert( target>0 && target<=pParse->nMem );
-  if( v==0 ){
-    assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
-    return 0;
-  }
+  assert( v!=0 );
 
 expr_code_doover:
   if( pExpr==0 ){
     op = TK_NULL;
   }else{
+    assert( !ExprHasVVAProperty(pExpr,EP_Immutable) );
     op = pExpr->op;
   }
   switch( op ){
     case TK_AGG_COLUMN: {
       AggInfo *pAggInfo = pExpr->pAggInfo;
-      struct AggInfo_col *pCol = &pAggInfo->aCol[pExpr->iAgg];
+      struct AggInfo_col *pCol;
+      assert( pAggInfo!=0 );
+      assert( pExpr->iAgg>=0 && pExpr->iAgg<pAggInfo->nColumn );
+      pCol = &pAggInfo->aCol[pExpr->iAgg];
       if( !pAggInfo->directMode ){
         assert( pCol->iMem>0 );
         return pCol->iMem;
       }else if( pAggInfo->useSortingIdx ){
+        Table *pTab = pCol->pTab;
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pAggInfo->sortingIdxPTab,
                               pCol->iSorterColumn, target);
+        if( pCol->iColumn<0 ){
+          VdbeComment((v,"%s.rowid",pTab->zName));
+        }else{
+          VdbeComment((v,"%s.%s",pTab->zName,pTab->aCol[pCol->iColumn].zName));
+          if( pTab->aCol[pCol->iColumn].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_RealAffinity, target);
+          }
+        }
         return target;
       }
       /* Otherwise, fall thru into the TK_COLUMN case */
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     }
     case TK_COLUMN: {
       int iTab = pExpr->iTable;
+      int iReg;
       if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FixedCol) ){
         /* This COLUMN expression is really a constant due to WHERE clause
         ** constraints, and that constant is coded by the pExpr->pLeft
@@ -99169,16 +104018,17 @@ expr_code_doover:
         ** datatype by applying the Affinity of the table column to the
         ** constant.
         */
-        int iReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr->pLeft,target);
-        int aff = sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(pExpr->pTab, pExpr->iColumn);
-        if( aff!=SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
+        int aff;
+        iReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr->pLeft,target);
+        if( pExpr->y.pTab ){
+          aff = sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(pExpr->y.pTab, pExpr->iColumn);
+        }else{
+          aff = pExpr->affExpr;
+        }
+        if( aff>SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
           static const char zAff[] = "B\000C\000D\000E";
           assert( SQLITE_AFF_BLOB=='A' );
           assert( SQLITE_AFF_TEXT=='B' );
-          if( iReg!=target ){
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, iReg, target);
-            iReg = target;
-          }
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Affinity, iReg, 1, 0,
                             &zAff[(aff-'B')*2], P4_STATIC);
         }
@@ -99186,17 +104036,60 @@ expr_code_doover:
       }
       if( iTab<0 ){
         if( pParse->iSelfTab<0 ){
-          /* Generating CHECK constraints or inserting into partial index */
-          return pExpr->iColumn - pParse->iSelfTab;
+          /* Other columns in the same row for CHECK constraints or
+          ** generated columns or for inserting into partial index.
+          ** The row is unpacked into registers beginning at
+          ** 0-(pParse->iSelfTab).  The rowid (if any) is in a register
+          ** immediately prior to the first column.
+          */
+          Column *pCol;
+          Table *pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
+          int iSrc;
+          int iCol = pExpr->iColumn;
+          assert( pTab!=0 );
+          assert( iCol>=XN_ROWID );
+          assert( iCol<pTab->nCol );
+          if( iCol<0 ){
+            return -1-pParse->iSelfTab;
+          }
+          pCol = pTab->aCol + iCol;
+          testcase( iCol!=sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab,iCol) );
+          iSrc = sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, iCol) - pParse->iSelfTab;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+          if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED ){
+            if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_BUSY ){
+              sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "generated column loop on \"%s\"",
+                              pCol->zName);
+              return 0;
+            }
+            pCol->colFlags |= COLFLAG_BUSY;
+            if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_NOTAVAIL ){
+              sqlite3ExprCodeGeneratedColumn(pParse, pCol, iSrc);
+            }
+            pCol->colFlags &= ~(COLFLAG_BUSY|COLFLAG_NOTAVAIL);
+            return iSrc;
+          }else
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS */
+          if( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, iSrc, target);
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_RealAffinity, target);
+            return target;
+          }else{
+            return iSrc;
+          }
         }else{
           /* Coding an expression that is part of an index where column names
           ** in the index refer to the table to which the index belongs */
           iTab = pParse->iSelfTab - 1;
         }
       }
-      return sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pExpr->pTab,
+      iReg = sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pExpr->y.pTab,
                                pExpr->iColumn, iTab, target,
                                pExpr->op2);
+      if( pExpr->y.pTab==0 && pExpr->affExpr==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_RealAffinity, iReg);
+      }
+      return iReg;
     }
     case TK_INTEGER: {
       codeInteger(pParse, pExpr, 0, target);
@@ -99218,7 +104111,12 @@ expr_code_doover:
       sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, target, pExpr->u.zToken);
       return target;
     }
-    case TK_NULL: {
+    default: {
+      /* Make NULL the default case so that if a bug causes an illegal
+      ** Expr node to be passed into this function, it will be handled
+      ** sanely and not crash.  But keep the assert() to bring the problem
+      ** to the attention of the developers. */
+      assert( op==TK_NULL );
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, target);
       return target;
     }
@@ -99245,7 +104143,7 @@ expr_code_doover:
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Variable, pExpr->iColumn, target);
       if( pExpr->u.zToken[1]!=0 ){
         const char *z = sqlite3VListNumToName(pParse->pVList, pExpr->iColumn);
-        assert( pExpr->u.zToken[0]=='?' || strcmp(pExpr->u.zToken, z)==0 );
+        assert( pExpr->u.zToken[0]=='?' || (z && !strcmp(pExpr->u.zToken, z)) );
         pParse->pVList[0] = 0; /* Indicate VList may no longer be enlarged */
         sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, (char*)z, P4_STATIC);
       }
@@ -99285,7 +104183,8 @@ expr_code_doover:
         r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pLeft, &regFree1);
         r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, &regFree2);
         codeCompare(pParse, pLeft, pExpr->pRight, op,
-            r1, r2, inReg, SQLITE_STOREP2 | p5);
+            r1, r2, inReg, SQLITE_STOREP2 | p5,
+            ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_Commuted));
         assert(TK_LT==OP_Lt); testcase(op==OP_Lt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Lt);
         assert(TK_LE==OP_Le); testcase(op==OP_Le); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Le);
         assert(TK_GT==OP_Gt); testcase(op==OP_Gt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Gt);
@@ -99307,7 +104206,7 @@ expr_code_doover:
     case TK_BITOR:
     case TK_SLASH:
     case TK_LSHIFT:
-    case TK_RSHIFT: 
+    case TK_RSHIFT:
     case TK_CONCAT: {
       assert( TK_AND==OP_And );            testcase( op==TK_AND );
       assert( TK_OR==OP_Or );              testcase( op==TK_OR );
@@ -99343,6 +104242,7 @@ expr_code_doover:
         tempX.op = TK_INTEGER;
         tempX.flags = EP_IntValue|EP_TokenOnly;
         tempX.u.iValue = 0;
+        ExprClearVVAProperties(&tempX);
         r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, &tempX, &regFree1);
         r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree2);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Subtract, r2, r1, target);
@@ -99388,7 +104288,10 @@ expr_code_doover:
     }
     case TK_AGG_FUNCTION: {
       AggInfo *pInfo = pExpr->pAggInfo;
-      if( pInfo==0 ){
+      if( pInfo==0
+       || NEVER(pExpr->iAgg<0)
+       || NEVER(pExpr->iAgg>=pInfo->nFunc)
+      ){
         assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
         sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aggregate: %s()", pExpr->u.zToken);
       }else{
@@ -99408,22 +104311,19 @@ expr_code_doover:
       CollSeq *pColl = 0;    /* A collating sequence */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-      if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) && pExpr->pWin ){
-        return pExpr->pWin->regResult;
+      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
+        return pExpr->y.pWin->regResult;
       }
 #endif
 
       if( ConstFactorOk(pParse) && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pExpr) ){
-        /* SQL functions can be expensive. So try to move constant functions
-        ** out of the inner loop, even if that means an extra OP_Copy. */
-        return sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(pParse, pExpr, -1);
+        /* SQL functions can be expensive. So try to avoid running them
+        ** multiple times if we know they always give the same result */
+        return sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(pParse, pExpr, -1);
       }
       assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) ){
-        pFarg = 0;
-      }else{
-        pFarg = pExpr->x.pList;
-      }
+      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) );
+      pFarg = pExpr->x.pList;
       nFarg = pFarg ? pFarg->nExpr : 0;
       assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
       zId = pExpr->u.zToken;
@@ -99437,47 +104337,14 @@ expr_code_doover:
         sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown function: %s()", zId);
         break;
       }
-
-      /* Attempt a direct implementation of the built-in COALESCE() and
-      ** IFNULL() functions.  This avoids unnecessary evaluation of
-      ** arguments past the first non-NULL argument.
-      */
-      if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE ){
-        int endCoalesce = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-        assert( nFarg>=2 );
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pFarg->a[0].pExpr, target);
-        for(i=1; i<nFarg; i++){
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NotNull, target, endCoalesce);
-          VdbeCoverage(v);
-          sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pFarg->a[i].pExpr, target);
-        }
-        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endCoalesce);
-        break;
-      }
-
-      /* The UNLIKELY() function is a no-op.  The result is the value
-      ** of the first argument.
-      */
-      if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY ){
-        assert( nFarg>=1 );
-        return sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pFarg->a[0].pExpr, target);
-      }
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-      /* The AFFINITY() function evaluates to a string that describes
-      ** the type affinity of the argument.  This is used for testing of
-      ** the SQLite type logic.
-      */
-      if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_AFFINITY ){
-        const char *azAff[] = { "blob", "text", "numeric", "integer", "real" };
-        char aff;
-        assert( nFarg==1 );
-        aff = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pFarg->a[0].pExpr);
-        sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, target, 
-                              aff ? azAff[aff-SQLITE_AFF_BLOB] : "none");
-        return target;
+      if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE ){
+        assert( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE)==0 );
+        assert( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT)==0 );
+        return exprCodeInlineFunction(pParse, pFarg,
+             SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pDef->pUserData), target);
+      }else if( pDef->funcFlags & (SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE) ){
+        sqlite3ExprFunctionUsable(pParse, pExpr, pDef);
       }
-#endif
 
       for(i=0; i<nFarg; i++){
         if( i<32 && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pFarg->a[i].pExpr) ){
@@ -99510,7 +104377,7 @@ expr_code_doover:
             assert( SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH==OPFLAG_LENGTHARG );
             assert( SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF==OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG );
             testcase( pDef->funcFlags & OPFLAG_LENGTHARG );
-            pFarg->a[0].pExpr->op2 = 
+            pFarg->a[0].pExpr->op2 =
                   pDef->funcFlags & (OPFLAG_LENGTHARG|OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG);
           }
         }
@@ -99529,7 +104396,7 @@ expr_code_doover:
       ** see if it is a column in a virtual table.  This is done because
       ** the left operand of infix functions (the operand we want to
       ** control overloading) ends up as the second argument to the
-      ** function.  The expression "A glob B" is equivalent to 
+      ** function.  The expression "A glob B" is equivalent to
       ** "glob(B,A).  We want to use the A in "A glob B" to test
       ** for function overloading.  But we use the B term in "glob(B,A)".
       */
@@ -99540,7 +104407,7 @@ expr_code_doover:
       }
 #endif
       if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
-        if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl; 
+        if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_CollSeq, 0, 0, 0, (char *)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
       }
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
@@ -99554,12 +104421,15 @@ expr_code_doover:
       }else
 #endif
       {
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, pParse->iSelfTab ? OP_PureFunc0 : OP_Function0,
-                          constMask, r1, target, (char*)pDef, P4_FUNCDEF);
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nFarg);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddFunctionCall(pParse, constMask, r1, target, nFarg,
+                                   pDef, pExpr->op2);
       }
-      if( nFarg && constMask==0 ){
-        sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, r1, nFarg);
+      if( nFarg ){
+        if( constMask==0 ){
+          sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, r1, nFarg);
+        }else{
+          sqlite3VdbeReleaseRegisters(pParse, r1, nFarg, constMask, 1);
+        }
       }
       return target;
     }
@@ -99569,21 +104439,23 @@ expr_code_doover:
       int nCol;
       testcase( op==TK_EXISTS );
       testcase( op==TK_SELECT );
-      if( op==TK_SELECT && (nCol = pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr)!=1 ){
+      if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ){
+        return 0;
+      }else if( op==TK_SELECT && (nCol = pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr)!=1 ){
         sqlite3SubselectError(pParse, nCol, 1);
       }else{
-        return sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr, 0, 0);
+        return sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr);
       }
       break;
     }
     case TK_SELECT_COLUMN: {
       int n;
       if( pExpr->pLeft->iTable==0 ){
-        pExpr->pLeft->iTable = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, 0, 0);
+        pExpr->pLeft->iTable = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
       }
       assert( pExpr->iTable==0 || pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_SELECT );
-      if( pExpr->iTable
-       && pExpr->iTable!=(n = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pExpr->pLeft)) 
+      if( pExpr->iTable!=0
+       && pExpr->iTable!=(n = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pExpr->pLeft))
       ){
         sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%d columns assigned %d values",
                                 pExpr->iTable, n);
@@ -99591,8 +104463,8 @@ expr_code_doover:
       return pExpr->pLeft->iTable + pExpr->iColumn;
     }
     case TK_IN: {
-      int destIfFalse = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      int destIfNull = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+      int destIfFalse = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+      int destIfNull = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, target);
       sqlite3ExprCodeIN(pParse, pExpr, destIfFalse, destIfNull);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, target);
@@ -99620,7 +104492,7 @@ expr_code_doover:
       return target;
     }
     case TK_SPAN:
-    case TK_COLLATE: 
+    case TK_COLLATE:
     case TK_UPLUS: {
       pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
       goto expr_code_doover; /* 2018-04-28: Prevent deep recursion. OSSFuzz. */
@@ -99636,7 +104508,7 @@ expr_code_doover:
       **
       ** The expression is implemented using an OP_Param opcode. The p1
       ** parameter is set to 0 for an old.rowid reference, or to (i+1)
-      ** to reference another column of the old.* pseudo-table, where 
+      ** to reference another column of the old.* pseudo-table, where
       ** i is the index of the column. For a new.rowid reference, p1 is
       ** set to (n+1), where n is the number of columns in each pseudo-table.
       ** For a reference to any other column in the new.* pseudo-table, p1
@@ -99650,20 +104522,22 @@ expr_code_doover:
       **
       **   p1==0   ->    old.rowid     p1==3   ->    new.rowid
       **   p1==1   ->    old.a         p1==4   ->    new.a
-      **   p1==2   ->    old.b         p1==5   ->    new.b       
+      **   p1==2   ->    old.b         p1==5   ->    new.b
       */
-      Table *pTab = pExpr->pTab;
-      int p1 = pExpr->iTable * (pTab->nCol+1) + 1 + pExpr->iColumn;
+      Table *pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
+      int iCol = pExpr->iColumn;
+      int p1 = pExpr->iTable * (pTab->nCol+1) + 1
+                     + sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, iCol);
 
       assert( pExpr->iTable==0 || pExpr->iTable==1 );
-      assert( pExpr->iColumn>=-1 && pExpr->iColumn<pTab->nCol );
-      assert( pTab->iPKey<0 || pExpr->iColumn!=pTab->iPKey );
+      assert( iCol>=-1 && iCol<pTab->nCol );
+      assert( pTab->iPKey<0 || iCol!=pTab->iPKey );
       assert( p1>=0 && p1<(pTab->nCol*2+2) );
 
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Param, p1, target);
       VdbeComment((v, "r[%d]=%s.%s", target,
         (pExpr->iTable ? "new" : "old"),
-        (pExpr->iColumn<0 ? "rowid" : pExpr->pTab->aCol[pExpr->iColumn].zName)
+        (pExpr->iColumn<0 ? "rowid" : pExpr->y.pTab->aCol[iCol].zName)
       ));
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
@@ -99672,9 +104546,7 @@ expr_code_doover:
       **
       ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-60985-57662 SQLite will convert the value back to
       ** floating point when extracting it from the record.  */
-      if( pExpr->iColumn>=0 
-       && pTab->aCol[pExpr->iColumn].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL
-      ){
+      if( iCol>=0 && pTab->aCol[iCol].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_RealAffinity, target);
       }
 #endif
@@ -99686,10 +104558,23 @@ expr_code_doover:
       break;
     }
 
+    /* TK_IF_NULL_ROW Expr nodes are inserted ahead of expressions
+    ** that derive from the right-hand table of a LEFT JOIN.  The
+    ** Expr.iTable value is the table number for the right-hand table.
+    ** The expression is only evaluated if that table is not currently
+    ** on a LEFT JOIN NULL row.
+    */
     case TK_IF_NULL_ROW: {
       int addrINR;
+      u8 okConstFactor = pParse->okConstFactor;
       addrINR = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNullRow, pExpr->iTable);
+      /* Temporarily disable factoring of constant expressions, since
+      ** even though expressions may appear to be constant, they are not
+      ** really constant because they originate from the right-hand side
+      ** of a LEFT JOIN. */
+      pParse->okConstFactor = 0;
       inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, target);
+      pParse->okConstFactor = okConstFactor;
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrINR);
       sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, addrINR, inReg);
       break;
@@ -99716,7 +104601,7 @@ expr_code_doover:
     ** or if there is no matching Ei, the ELSE term Y, or if there is
     ** no ELSE term, NULL.
     */
-    default: assert( op==TK_CASE ); {
+    case TK_CASE: {
       int endLabel;                     /* GOTO label for end of CASE stmt */
       int nextCase;                     /* GOTO label for next WHEN clause */
       int nExpr;                        /* 2x number of WHEN terms */
@@ -99726,21 +104611,27 @@ expr_code_doover:
       Expr opCompare;                   /* The X==Ei expression */
       Expr *pX;                         /* The X expression */
       Expr *pTest = 0;                  /* X==Ei (form A) or just Ei (form B) */
+      Expr *pDel = 0;
+      sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
 
       assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) && pExpr->x.pList );
       assert(pExpr->x.pList->nExpr > 0);
       pEList = pExpr->x.pList;
       aListelem = pEList->a;
       nExpr = pEList->nExpr;
-      endLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+      endLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
       if( (pX = pExpr->pLeft)!=0 ){
-        tempX = *pX;
+        pDel = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pX, 0);
+        if( db->mallocFailed ){
+          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDel);
+          break;
+        }
         testcase( pX->op==TK_COLUMN );
-        exprToRegister(&tempX, exprCodeVector(pParse, &tempX, &regFree1));
+        exprToRegister(pDel, exprCodeVector(pParse, pDel, &regFree1));
         testcase( regFree1==0 );
         memset(&opCompare, 0, sizeof(opCompare));
         opCompare.op = TK_EQ;
-        opCompare.pLeft = &tempX;
+        opCompare.pLeft = pDel;
         pTest = &opCompare;
         /* Ticket b351d95f9cd5ef17e9d9dbae18f5ca8611190001:
         ** The value in regFree1 might get SCopy-ed into the file result.
@@ -99755,7 +104646,7 @@ expr_code_doover:
         }else{
           pTest = aListelem[i].pExpr;
         }
-        nextCase = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+        nextCase = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
         testcase( pTest->op==TK_COLUMN );
         sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pTest, nextCase, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
         testcase( aListelem[i+1].pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN );
@@ -99768,32 +104659,35 @@ expr_code_doover:
       }else{
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, target);
       }
+      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDel);
+      setDoNotMergeFlagOnCopy(v);
       sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endLabel);
       break;
     }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
     case TK_RAISE: {
-      assert( pExpr->affinity==OE_Rollback 
-           || pExpr->affinity==OE_Abort
-           || pExpr->affinity==OE_Fail
-           || pExpr->affinity==OE_Ignore
+      assert( pExpr->affExpr==OE_Rollback
+           || pExpr->affExpr==OE_Abort
+           || pExpr->affExpr==OE_Fail
+           || pExpr->affExpr==OE_Ignore
       );
-      if( !pParse->pTriggerTab ){
+      if( !pParse->pTriggerTab && !pParse->nested ){
         sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
                        "RAISE() may only be used within a trigger-program");
         return 0;
       }
-      if( pExpr->affinity==OE_Abort ){
+      if( pExpr->affExpr==OE_Abort ){
         sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
       }
       assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-      if( pExpr->affinity==OE_Ignore ){
+      if( pExpr->affExpr==OE_Ignore ){
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(
             v, OP_Halt, SQLITE_OK, OE_Ignore, 0, pExpr->u.zToken,0);
         VdbeCoverage(v);
       }else{
-        sqlite3HaltConstraint(pParse, SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER,
-                              pExpr->affinity, pExpr->u.zToken, 0, 0);
+        sqlite3HaltConstraint(pParse,
+             pParse->pTriggerTab ? SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER : SQLITE_ERROR,
+             pExpr->affExpr, pExpr->u.zToken, 0, 0);
       }
 
       break;
@@ -99806,15 +104700,23 @@ expr_code_doover:
 }
 
 /*
-** Factor out the code of the given expression to initialization time.
+** Generate code that will evaluate expression pExpr just one time
+** per prepared statement execution.
+**
+** If the expression uses functions (that might throw an exception) then
+** guard them with an OP_Once opcode to ensure that the code is only executed
+** once. If no functions are involved, then factor the code out and put it at
+** the end of the prepared statement in the initialization section.
 **
 ** If regDest>=0 then the result is always stored in that register and the
-** result is not reusable.  If regDest<0 then this routine is free to 
-** store the value whereever it wants.  The register where the expression 
-** is stored is returned.  When regDest<0, two identical expressions will
-** code to the same register.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(
+** result is not reusable.  If regDest<0 then this routine is free to
+** store the value whereever it wants.  The register where the expression
+** is stored is returned.  When regDest<0, two identical expressions might
+** code to the same register, if they do not contain function calls and hence
+** are factored out into the initialization section at the end of the
+** prepared statement.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(
   Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing context */
   Expr *pExpr,      /* The expression to code when the VDBE initializes */
   int regDest       /* Store the value in this register */
@@ -99832,14 +104734,29 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(
     }
   }
   pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pExpr, 0);
-  p = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, p, pExpr);
-  if( p ){
-     struct ExprList_item *pItem = &p->a[p->nExpr-1];
-     pItem->reusable = regDest<0;
-     if( regDest<0 ) regDest = ++pParse->nMem;
-     pItem->u.iConstExprReg = regDest;
+  if( pExpr!=0 && ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_HasFunc) ){
+    Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
+    int addr;
+    assert( v );
+    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);
+    pParse->okConstFactor = 0;
+    if( !pParse->db->mallocFailed ){
+      if( regDest<0 ) regDest = ++pParse->nMem;
+      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr, regDest);
+    }
+    pParse->okConstFactor = 1;
+    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pExpr);
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
+  }else{
+    p = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, p, pExpr);
+    if( p ){
+       struct ExprList_item *pItem = &p->a[p->nExpr-1];
+       pItem->reusable = regDest<0;
+       if( regDest<0 ) regDest = ++pParse->nMem;
+       pItem->u.iConstExprReg = regDest;
+    }
+    pParse->pConstExpr = p;
   }
-  pParse->pConstExpr = p;
   return regDest;
 }
 
@@ -99858,13 +104775,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int *pReg){
   int r2;
-  pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr);
+  pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pExpr);
   if( ConstFactorOk(pParse)
+   && ALWAYS(pExpr!=0)
    && pExpr->op!=TK_REGISTER
    && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pExpr)
   ){
     *pReg  = 0;
-    r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(pParse, pExpr, -1);
+    r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(pParse, pExpr, -1);
   }else{
     int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
     r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, r1);
@@ -99886,15 +104804,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int *pReg){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target){
   int inReg;
 
+  assert( pExpr==0 || !ExprHasVVAProperty(pExpr,EP_Immutable) );
   assert( target>0 && target<=pParse->nMem );
-  if( pExpr && pExpr->op==TK_REGISTER ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Copy, pExpr->iTable, target);
-  }else{
-    inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, target);
-    assert( pParse->pVdbe!=0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
-    if( inReg!=target && pParse->pVdbe ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, OP_SCopy, inReg, target);
+  assert( pParse->pVdbe!=0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
+  if( pParse->pVdbe==0 ) return;
+  inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, target);
+  if( inReg!=target ){
+    u8 op;
+    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_Subquery) ){
+      op = OP_Copy;
+    }else{
+      op = OP_SCopy;
     }
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, op, inReg, target);
   }
 }
 
@@ -99918,36 +104840,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target){
   if( pParse->okConstFactor && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pExpr) ){
-    sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(pParse, pExpr, target);
+    sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(pParse, pExpr, target);
   }else{
-    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr, target);
+    sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(pParse, pExpr, target);
   }
 }
 
-/*
-** Generate code that evaluates the given expression and puts the result
-** in register target.
-**
-** Also make a copy of the expression results into another "cache" register
-** and modify the expression so that the next time it is evaluated,
-** the result is a copy of the cache register.
-**
-** This routine is used for expressions that are used multiple 
-** times.  They are evaluated once and the results of the expression
-** are reused.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int iMem;
-
-  assert( target>0 );
-  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_REGISTER );
-  sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr, target);
-  iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, target, iMem);
-  exprToRegister(pExpr, iMem);
-}
-
 /*
 ** Generate code that pushes the value of every element of the given
 ** expression list into a sequence of registers beginning at target.
@@ -100002,7 +104900,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(
     }else if( (flags & SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR)!=0
            && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pExpr)
     ){
-      sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(pParse, pExpr, target+i);
+      sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(pParse, pExpr, target+i);
     }else{
       int inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, target+i);
       if( inReg!=target+i ){
@@ -100011,6 +104909,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(
          && (pOp=sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, -1))->opcode==OP_Copy
          && pOp->p1+pOp->p3+1==inReg
          && pOp->p2+pOp->p3+1==target+i
+         && pOp->p5==0  /* The do-not-merge flag must be clear */
         ){
           pOp->p3++;
         }else{
@@ -100027,7 +104926,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(
 **
 **    x BETWEEN y AND z
 **
-** The above is equivalent to 
+** The above is equivalent to
 **
 **    x>=y AND x<=z
 **
@@ -100049,41 +104948,44 @@ static void exprCodeBetween(
   void (*xJump)(Parse*,Expr*,int,int), /* Action to take */
   int jumpIfNull    /* Take the jump if the BETWEEN is NULL */
 ){
- Expr exprAnd;     /* The AND operator in  x>=y AND x<=z  */
+  Expr exprAnd;     /* The AND operator in  x>=y AND x<=z  */
   Expr compLeft;    /* The  x>=y  term */
   Expr compRight;   /* The  x<=z  term */
-  Expr exprX;       /* The  x  subexpression */
   int regFree1 = 0; /* Temporary use register */
-
+  Expr *pDel = 0;
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
 
   memset(&compLeft, 0, sizeof(Expr));
   memset(&compRight, 0, sizeof(Expr));
   memset(&exprAnd, 0, sizeof(Expr));
 
   assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-  exprX = *pExpr->pLeft;
-  exprAnd.op = TK_AND;
-  exprAnd.pLeft = &compLeft;
-  exprAnd.pRight = &compRight;
-  compLeft.op = TK_GE;
-  compLeft.pLeft = &exprX;
-  compLeft.pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
-  compRight.op = TK_LE;
-  compRight.pLeft = &exprX;
-  compRight.pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
-  exprToRegister(&exprX, exprCodeVector(pParse, &exprX, &regFree1));
-  if( xJump ){
-    xJump(pParse, &exprAnd, dest, jumpIfNull);
-  }else{
-    /* Mark the expression is being from the ON or USING clause of a join
-    ** so that the sqlite3ExprCodeTarget() routine will not attempt to move
-    ** it into the Parse.pConstExpr list.  We should use a new bit for this,
-    ** for clarity, but we are out of bits in the Expr.flags field so we
-    ** have to reuse the EP_FromJoin bit.  Bummer. */
-    exprX.flags |= EP_FromJoin;
-    sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, &exprAnd, dest);
+  pDel = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
+  if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
+    exprAnd.op = TK_AND;
+    exprAnd.pLeft = &compLeft;
+    exprAnd.pRight = &compRight;
+    compLeft.op = TK_GE;
+    compLeft.pLeft = pDel;
+    compLeft.pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
+    compRight.op = TK_LE;
+    compRight.pLeft = pDel;
+    compRight.pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
+    exprToRegister(pDel, exprCodeVector(pParse, pDel, &regFree1));
+    if( xJump ){
+      xJump(pParse, &exprAnd, dest, jumpIfNull);
+    }else{
+      /* Mark the expression is being from the ON or USING clause of a join
+      ** so that the sqlite3ExprCodeTarget() routine will not attempt to move
+      ** it into the Parse.pConstExpr list.  We should use a new bit for this,
+      ** for clarity, but we are out of bits in the Expr.flags field so we
+      ** have to reuse the EP_FromJoin bit.  Bummer. */
+      pDel->flags |= EP_FromJoin;
+      sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, &exprAnd, dest);
+    }
+    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree1);
   }
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree1);
+  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDel);
 
   /* Ensure adequate test coverage */
   testcase( xJump==sqlite3ExprIfTrue  && jumpIfNull==0 && regFree1==0 );
@@ -100121,20 +105023,26 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest, int
   assert( jumpIfNull==SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL || jumpIfNull==0 );
   if( NEVER(v==0) )     return;  /* Existence of VDBE checked by caller */
   if( NEVER(pExpr==0) ) return;  /* No way this can happen */
+  assert( !ExprHasVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_Immutable) );
   op = pExpr->op;
   switch( op ){
-    case TK_AND: {
-      int d2 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, d2,jumpIfNull^SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, d2);
-      break;
-    }
+    case TK_AND:
     case TK_OR: {
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
-      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
+      Expr *pAlt = sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(pExpr);
+      if( pAlt!=pExpr ){
+        sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pAlt, dest, jumpIfNull);
+      }else if( op==TK_AND ){
+        int d2 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+        testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
+        sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, d2,
+                           jumpIfNull^SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
+        sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
+        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, d2);
+      }else{
+        testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
+        sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
+        sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
+      }
       break;
     }
     case TK_NOT: {
@@ -100165,7 +105073,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest, int
       testcase( op==TK_ISNOT );
       op = (op==TK_IS) ? TK_EQ : TK_NE;
       jumpIfNull = SQLITE_NULLEQ;
-      /* Fall thru */
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     case TK_LT:
     case TK_LE:
     case TK_GT:
@@ -100177,7 +105085,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest, int
       r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
       r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, &regFree2);
       codeCompare(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight, op,
-                  r1, r2, dest, jumpIfNull);
+                  r1, r2, dest, jumpIfNull, ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_Commuted));
       assert(TK_LT==OP_Lt); testcase(op==OP_Lt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Lt);
       assert(TK_LE==OP_Le); testcase(op==OP_Le); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Le);
       assert(TK_GT==OP_Gt); testcase(op==OP_Gt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Gt);
@@ -100210,7 +105118,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest, int
     }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
     case TK_IN: {
-      int destIfFalse = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+      int destIfFalse = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
       int destIfNull = jumpIfNull ? dest : destIfFalse;
       sqlite3ExprCodeIN(pParse, pExpr, destIfFalse, destIfNull);
       sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, dest);
@@ -100220,9 +105128,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest, int
 #endif
     default: {
     default_expr:
-      if( exprAlwaysTrue(pExpr) ){
+      if( ExprAlwaysTrue(pExpr) ){
         sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, dest);
-      }else if( exprAlwaysFalse(pExpr) ){
+      }else if( ExprAlwaysFalse(pExpr) ){
         /* No-op */
       }else{
         r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr, &regFree1);
@@ -100235,7 +105143,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest, int
     }
   }
   sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree1);
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree2);  
+  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree2);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -100257,6 +105165,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest, int
   assert( jumpIfNull==SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL || jumpIfNull==0 );
   if( NEVER(v==0) ) return; /* Existence of VDBE checked by caller */
   if( pExpr==0 )    return;
+  assert( !ExprHasVVAProperty(pExpr,EP_Immutable) );
 
   /* The value of pExpr->op and op are related as follows:
   **
@@ -100290,18 +105199,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest, int
   assert( pExpr->op!=TK_GE || op==OP_Lt );
 
   switch( pExpr->op ){
-    case TK_AND: {
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
-      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
-      break;
-    }
+    case TK_AND:
     case TK_OR: {
-      int d2 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
-      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, d2, jumpIfNull^SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, d2);
+      Expr *pAlt = sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(pExpr);
+      if( pAlt!=pExpr ){
+        sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pAlt, dest, jumpIfNull);
+      }else if( pExpr->op==TK_AND ){
+        testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
+        sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
+        sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
+      }else{
+        int d2 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+        testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
+        sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, d2,
+                          jumpIfNull^SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
+        sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
+        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, d2);
+      }
       break;
     }
     case TK_NOT: {
@@ -100335,7 +105249,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest, int
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT );
       op = (pExpr->op==TK_IS) ? TK_NE : TK_EQ;
       jumpIfNull = SQLITE_NULLEQ;
-      /* Fall thru */
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     case TK_LT:
     case TK_LE:
     case TK_GT:
@@ -100347,7 +105261,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest, int
       r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, &regFree1);
       r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, &regFree2);
       codeCompare(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight, op,
-                  r1, r2, dest, jumpIfNull);
+                  r1, r2, dest, jumpIfNull,ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_Commuted));
       assert(TK_LT==OP_Lt); testcase(op==OP_Lt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Lt);
       assert(TK_LE==OP_Le); testcase(op==OP_Le); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Le);
       assert(TK_GT==OP_Gt); testcase(op==OP_Gt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Gt);
@@ -100381,7 +105295,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest, int
       if( jumpIfNull ){
         sqlite3ExprCodeIN(pParse, pExpr, dest, dest);
       }else{
-        int destIfNull = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+        int destIfNull = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
         sqlite3ExprCodeIN(pParse, pExpr, dest, destIfNull);
         sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, destIfNull);
       }
@@ -100389,10 +105303,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest, int
     }
 #endif
     default: {
-    default_expr: 
-      if( exprAlwaysFalse(pExpr) ){
+    default_expr:
+      if( ExprAlwaysFalse(pExpr) ){
         sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, dest);
-      }else if( exprAlwaysTrue(pExpr) ){
+      }else if( ExprAlwaysTrue(pExpr) ){
         /* no-op */
       }else{
         r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr, &regFree1);
@@ -100439,7 +105353,7 @@ static int exprCompareVariable(Parse *pParse, Expr *pVar, Expr *pExpr){
   int res = 0;
   int iVar;
   sqlite3_value *pL, *pR = 0;
-  
+
   sqlite3ValueFromExpr(pParse->db, pExpr, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB, &pR);
   if( pR ){
     iVar = pVar->iColumn;
@@ -100481,9 +105395,9 @@ static int exprCompareVariable(Parse *pParse, Expr *pVar, Expr *pExpr){
 ** an incorrect 0 or 1 could lead to a malfunction.
 **
 ** If pParse is not NULL then TK_VARIABLE terms in pA with bindings in
-** pParse->pReprepare can be matched against literals in pB.  The 
+** pParse->pReprepare can be matched against literals in pB.  The
 ** pParse->pVdbe->expmask bitmask is updated for each variable referenced.
-** If pParse is NULL (the normal case) then any TK_VARIABLE term in 
+** If pParse is NULL (the normal case) then any TK_VARIABLE term in
 ** Argument pParse should normally be NULL. If it is not NULL and pA or
 ** pB causes a return value of 2.
 */
@@ -100502,7 +105416,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompare(Parse *pParse, Expr *pA, Expr *pB, int iTa
     }
     return 2;
   }
-  if( pA->op!=pB->op ){
+  if( pA->op!=pB->op || pA->op==TK_RAISE ){
     if( pA->op==TK_COLLATE && sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA->pLeft,pB,iTab)<2 ){
       return 1;
     }
@@ -100512,49 +105426,53 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompare(Parse *pParse, Expr *pA, Expr *pB, int iTa
     return 2;
   }
   if( pA->op!=TK_COLUMN && pA->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN && pA->u.zToken ){
-    if( pA->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
+    if( pA->op==TK_FUNCTION || pA->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION ){
       if( sqlite3StrICmp(pA->u.zToken,pB->u.zToken)!=0 ) return 2;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+      assert( pA->op==pB->op );
+      if( ExprHasProperty(pA,EP_WinFunc)!=ExprHasProperty(pB,EP_WinFunc) ){
+        return 2;
+      }
+      if( ExprHasProperty(pA,EP_WinFunc) ){
+        if( sqlite3WindowCompare(pParse, pA->y.pWin, pB->y.pWin, 1)!=0 ){
+          return 2;
+        }
+      }
+#endif
+    }else if( pA->op==TK_NULL ){
+      return 0;
     }else if( pA->op==TK_COLLATE ){
       if( sqlite3_stricmp(pA->u.zToken,pB->u.zToken)!=0 ) return 2;
-    }else if( strcmp(pA->u.zToken,pB->u.zToken)!=0 ){
+    }else if( ALWAYS(pB->u.zToken!=0) && strcmp(pA->u.zToken,pB->u.zToken)!=0 ){
       return 2;
     }
   }
-  if( (pA->flags & EP_Distinct)!=(pB->flags & EP_Distinct) ) return 2;
+  if( (pA->flags & (EP_Distinct|EP_Commuted))
+     != (pB->flags & (EP_Distinct|EP_Commuted)) ) return 2;
   if( ALWAYS((combinedFlags & EP_TokenOnly)==0) ){
     if( combinedFlags & EP_xIsSelect ) return 2;
     if( (combinedFlags & EP_FixedCol)==0
      && sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA->pLeft, pB->pLeft, iTab) ) return 2;
     if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA->pRight, pB->pRight, iTab) ) return 2;
     if( sqlite3ExprListCompare(pA->x.pList, pB->x.pList, iTab) ) return 2;
-    assert( (combinedFlags & EP_Reduced)==0 );
-    if( pA->op!=TK_STRING && pA->op!=TK_TRUEFALSE ){
+    if( pA->op!=TK_STRING
+     && pA->op!=TK_TRUEFALSE
+     && ALWAYS((combinedFlags & EP_Reduced)==0)
+    ){
       if( pA->iColumn!=pB->iColumn ) return 2;
-      if( pA->iTable!=pB->iTable 
-       && (pA->iTable!=iTab || NEVER(pB->iTable>=0)) ) return 2;
-    }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-    /* Justification for the assert():
-    ** window functions have p->op==TK_FUNCTION but aggregate functions
-    ** have p->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION.  So any comparison between an aggregate
-    ** function and a window function should have failed before reaching
-    ** this point.  And, it is not possible to have a window function and
-    ** a scalar function with the same name and number of arguments.  So
-    ** if we reach this point, either A and B both window functions or
-    ** neither are a window functions. */
-    assert( (pA->pWin==0)==(pB->pWin==0) );
-
-    if( pA->pWin!=0 ){
-      if( sqlite3WindowCompare(pParse,pA->pWin,pB->pWin)!=0 ) return 2;
+      if( pA->op2!=pB->op2 && pA->op==TK_TRUTH ) return 2;
+      if( pA->op!=TK_IN && pA->iTable!=pB->iTable && pA->iTable!=iTab ){
+        return 2;
+      }
     }
-#endif
   }
   return 0;
 }
 
 /*
-** Compare two ExprList objects.  Return 0 if they are identical and 
-** non-zero if they differ in any way.
+** Compare two ExprList objects.  Return 0 if they are identical, 1
+** if they are certainly different, or 2 if it is not possible to
+** determine if they are identical or not.
 **
 ** If any subelement of pB has Expr.iTable==(-1) then it is allowed
 ** to compare equal to an equivalent element in pA with Expr.iTable==iTab.
@@ -100573,10 +105491,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList *pA, ExprList *pB, int iTab){
   if( pA==0 || pB==0 ) return 1;
   if( pA->nExpr!=pB->nExpr ) return 1;
   for(i=0; i<pA->nExpr; i++){
+    int res;
     Expr *pExprA = pA->a[i].pExpr;
     Expr *pExprB = pB->a[i].pExpr;
-    if( pA->a[i].sortOrder!=pB->a[i].sortOrder ) return 1;
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExprA, pExprB, iTab) ) return 1;
+    if( pA->a[i].sortFlags!=pB->a[i].sortFlags ) return 1;
+    if( (res = sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExprA, pExprB, iTab)) ) return res;
   }
   return 0;
 }
@@ -100587,11 +105506,88 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList *pA, ExprList *pB, int iTab){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr *pA, Expr *pB, int iTab){
   return sqlite3ExprCompare(0,
-             sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pA),
-             sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pB),
+             sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pA),
+             sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pB),
              iTab);
 }
 
+/*
+** Return non-zero if Expr p can only be true if pNN is not NULL.
+**
+** Or if seenNot is true, return non-zero if Expr p can only be
+** non-NULL if pNN is not NULL
+*/
+static int exprImpliesNotNull(
+  Parse *pParse,      /* Parsing context */
+  Expr *p,            /* The expression to be checked */
+  Expr *pNN,          /* The expression that is NOT NULL */
+  int iTab,           /* Table being evaluated */
+  int seenNot         /* Return true only if p can be any non-NULL value */
+){
+  assert( p );
+  assert( pNN );
+  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, p, pNN, iTab)==0 ){
+    return pNN->op!=TK_NULL;
+  }
+  switch( p->op ){
+    case TK_IN: {
+      if( seenNot && ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ) return 0;
+      assert( ExprHasProperty(p,EP_xIsSelect)
+           || (p->x.pList!=0 && p->x.pList->nExpr>0) );
+      return exprImpliesNotNull(pParse, p->pLeft, pNN, iTab, 1);
+    }
+    case TK_BETWEEN: {
+      ExprList *pList = p->x.pList;
+      assert( pList!=0 );
+      assert( pList->nExpr==2 );
+      if( seenNot ) return 0;
+      if( exprImpliesNotNull(pParse, pList->a[0].pExpr, pNN, iTab, 1)
+       || exprImpliesNotNull(pParse, pList->a[1].pExpr, pNN, iTab, 1)
+      ){
+        return 1;
+      }
+      return exprImpliesNotNull(pParse, p->pLeft, pNN, iTab, 1);
+    }
+    case TK_EQ:
+    case TK_NE:
+    case TK_LT:
+    case TK_LE:
+    case TK_GT:
+    case TK_GE:
+    case TK_PLUS:
+    case TK_MINUS:
+    case TK_BITOR:
+    case TK_LSHIFT:
+    case TK_RSHIFT:
+    case TK_CONCAT:
+      seenNot = 1;
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
+    case TK_STAR:
+    case TK_REM:
+    case TK_BITAND:
+    case TK_SLASH: {
+      if( exprImpliesNotNull(pParse, p->pRight, pNN, iTab, seenNot) ) return 1;
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
+    }
+    case TK_SPAN:
+    case TK_COLLATE:
+    case TK_UPLUS:
+    case TK_UMINUS: {
+      return exprImpliesNotNull(pParse, p->pLeft, pNN, iTab, seenNot);
+    }
+    case TK_TRUTH: {
+      if( seenNot ) return 0;
+      if( p->op2!=TK_IS ) return 0;
+      return exprImpliesNotNull(pParse, p->pLeft, pNN, iTab, 1);
+    }
+    case TK_BITNOT:
+    case TK_NOT: {
+      return exprImpliesNotNull(pParse, p->pLeft, pNN, iTab, 1);
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Return true if we can prove the pE2 will always be true if pE1 is
 ** true.  Return false if we cannot complete the proof or if pE2 might
@@ -100608,9 +105604,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr *pA, Expr *pB, int iTab){
 ** When comparing TK_COLUMN nodes between pE1 and pE2, if pE2 has
 ** Expr.iTable<0 then assume a table number given by iTab.
 **
-** If pParse is not NULL, then the values of bound variables in pE1 are 
+** If pParse is not NULL, then the values of bound variables in pE1 are
 ** compared against literal values in pE2 and pParse->pVdbe->expmask is
-** modified to record which bound variables are referenced.  If pParse 
+** modified to record which bound variables are referenced.  If pParse
 ** is NULL, then false will be returned if pE1 contains any bound variables.
 **
 ** When in doubt, return false.  Returning true might give a performance
@@ -100627,16 +105623,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Parse *pParse, Expr *pE1, Expr *pE2, i
   ){
     return 1;
   }
-  if( pE2->op==TK_NOTNULL && pE1->op!=TK_ISNULL && pE1->op!=TK_IS ){
-    Expr *pX = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pE1->pLeft);
-    testcase( pX!=pE1->pLeft );
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pX, pE2->pLeft, iTab)==0 ) return 1;
+  if( pE2->op==TK_NOTNULL
+   && exprImpliesNotNull(pParse, pE1, pE2->pLeft, iTab, 0)
+  ){
+    return 1;
   }
   return 0;
 }
 
 /*
-** This is the Expr node callback for sqlite3ExprImpliesNotNullRow().
+** This is the Expr node callback for sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow().
 ** If the expression node requires that the table at pWalker->iCur
 ** have one or more non-NULL column, then set pWalker->eCode to 1 and abort.
 **
@@ -100650,21 +105646,25 @@ static int impliesNotNullRow(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
   if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ) return WRC_Prune;
   switch( pExpr->op ){
     case TK_ISNOT:
-    case TK_NOT:
     case TK_ISNULL:
+    case TK_NOTNULL:
     case TK_IS:
     case TK_OR:
+    case TK_VECTOR:
     case TK_CASE:
     case TK_IN:
     case TK_FUNCTION:
+    case TK_TRUTH:
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT );
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_NOT );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_ISNULL );
+      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_NOTNULL );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_IS );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_OR );
+      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_VECTOR );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_CASE );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_IN );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION );
+      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_TRUTH );
       return WRC_Prune;
     case TK_COLUMN:
       if( pWalker->u.iCur==pExpr->iTable ){
@@ -100673,6 +105673,23 @@ static int impliesNotNullRow(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
       }
       return WRC_Prune;
 
+    case TK_AND:
+      if( pWalker->eCode==0 ){
+        sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pLeft);
+        if( pWalker->eCode ){
+          pWalker->eCode = 0;
+          sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pRight);
+        }
+      }
+      return WRC_Prune;
+
+    case TK_BETWEEN:
+      if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pLeft)==WRC_Abort ){
+        assert( pWalker->eCode );
+        return WRC_Abort;
+      }
+      return WRC_Prune;
+
     /* Virtual tables are allowed to use constraints like x=NULL.  So
     ** a term of the form x=y does not prove that y is not null if x
     ** is the column of a virtual table */
@@ -100681,18 +105698,26 @@ static int impliesNotNullRow(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
     case TK_LT:
     case TK_LE:
     case TK_GT:
-    case TK_GE:
+    case TK_GE: {
+      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
+      Expr *pRight = pExpr->pRight;
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EQ );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_NE );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_LT );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_LE );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_GT );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_GE );
-      if( (pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN && IsVirtual(pExpr->pLeft->pTab))
-       || (pExpr->pRight->op==TK_COLUMN && IsVirtual(pExpr->pRight->pTab))
+      /* The y.pTab=0 assignment in wherecode.c always happens after the
+      ** impliesNotNullRow() test */
+      if( (pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN && ALWAYS(pLeft->y.pTab!=0)
+                               && IsVirtual(pLeft->y.pTab))
+       || (pRight->op==TK_COLUMN && ALWAYS(pRight->y.pTab!=0)
+                               && IsVirtual(pRight->y.pTab))
       ){
-       return WRC_Prune;
+        return WRC_Prune;
       }
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
+    }
     default:
       return WRC_Continue;
   }
@@ -100722,6 +105747,16 @@ static int impliesNotNullRow(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(Expr *p, int iTab){
   Walker w;
+  p = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(p);
+  if( p==0 ) return 0;
+  if( p->op==TK_NOTNULL ){
+    p = p->pLeft;
+  }else{
+    while( p->op==TK_AND ){
+      if( sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(p->pLeft, iTab) ) return 1;
+      p = p->pRight;
+    }
+  }
   w.xExprCallback = impliesNotNullRow;
   w.xSelectCallback = 0;
   w.xSelectCallback2 = 0;
@@ -100744,14 +105779,14 @@ struct IdxCover {
 };
 
 /*
-** Check to see if there are references to columns in table 
+** Check to see if there are references to columns in table
 ** pWalker->u.pIdxCover->iCur can be satisfied using the index
 ** pWalker->u.pIdxCover->pIdx.
 */
 static int exprIdxCover(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
   if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN
    && pExpr->iTable==pWalker->u.pIdxCover->iCur
-   && sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(pWalker->u.pIdxCover->pIdx, pExpr->iColumn)<0
+   && sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(pWalker->u.pIdxCover->pIdx, pExpr->iColumn)<0
   ){
     pWalker->eCode = 1;
     return WRC_Abort;
@@ -100788,26 +105823,42 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(
 
 /*
 ** An instance of the following structure is used by the tree walker
-** to count references to table columns in the arguments of an 
+** to count references to table columns in the arguments of an
 ** aggregate function, in order to implement the
 ** sqlite3FunctionThisSrc() routine.
 */
 struct SrcCount {
   SrcList *pSrc;   /* One particular FROM clause in a nested query */
+  int iSrcInner;   /* Smallest cursor number in this context */
   int nThis;       /* Number of references to columns in pSrcList */
   int nOther;      /* Number of references to columns in other FROM clauses */
 };
 
+/*
+** xSelect callback for sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(). If this is the first
+** SELECT with a FROM clause encountered during this iteration, set
+** SrcCount.iSrcInner to the cursor number of the leftmost object in
+** the FROM cause.
+*/
+static int selectSrcCount(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSel){
+  struct SrcCount *p = pWalker->u.pSrcCount;
+  if( p->iSrcInner==0x7FFFFFFF && ALWAYS(pSel->pSrc) && pSel->pSrc->nSrc ){
+    pWalker->u.pSrcCount->iSrcInner = pSel->pSrc->a[0].iCursor;
+  }
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Count the number of references to columns.
 */
 static int exprSrcCount(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
-  /* The NEVER() on the second term is because sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc()
-  ** is always called before sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates() and so the
-  ** TK_COLUMNs have not yet been converted into TK_AGG_COLUMN.  If
-  ** sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc() is used differently in the future, the
-  ** NEVER() will need to be removed. */
-  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN || NEVER(pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN) ){
+  /* There was once a NEVER() on the second term on the grounds that
+  ** sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc() was always called before
+  ** sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates() and so the TK_COLUMNs have not yet
+  ** been converted into TK_AGG_COLUMN. But this is no longer true due
+  ** to window functions - sqlite3WindowRewrite() may now indirectly call
+  ** FunctionUsesThisSrc() when creating a new sub-select. */
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN || pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN ){
     int i;
     struct SrcCount *p = pWalker->u.pSrcCount;
     SrcList *pSrc = p->pSrc;
@@ -100817,7 +105868,10 @@ static int exprSrcCount(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
     }
     if( i<nSrc ){
       p->nThis++;
-    }else{
+    }else if( pExpr->iTable<p->iSrcInner ){
+      /* In a well-formed parse tree (no name resolution errors),
+      ** TK_COLUMN nodes with smaller Expr.iTable values are in an
+      ** outer context.  Those are the only ones to count as "other" */
       p->nOther++;
     }
   }
@@ -100834,16 +105888,81 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr *pExpr, SrcList *pSrcList){
   Walker w;
   struct SrcCount cnt;
   assert( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION );
+  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.xExprCallback = exprSrcCount;
-  w.xSelectCallback = 0;
+  w.xSelectCallback = selectSrcCount;
   w.u.pSrcCount = &cnt;
   cnt.pSrc = pSrcList;
+  cnt.iSrcInner = (pSrcList&&pSrcList->nSrc)?pSrcList->a[0].iCursor:0x7FFFFFFF;
   cnt.nThis = 0;
   cnt.nOther = 0;
   sqlite3WalkExprList(&w, pExpr->x.pList);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
+    sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pExpr->y.pWin->pFilter);
+  }
+#endif
   return cnt.nThis>0 || cnt.nOther==0;
 }
 
+/*
+** This is a Walker expression node callback.
+**
+** For Expr nodes that contain pAggInfo pointers, make sure the AggInfo
+** object that is referenced does not refer directly to the Expr.  If
+** it does, make a copy.  This is done because the pExpr argument is
+** subject to change.
+**
+** The copy is stored on pParse->pConstExpr with a register number of 0.
+** This will cause the expression to be deleted automatically when the
+** Parse object is destroyed, but the zero register number means that it
+** will not generate any code in the preamble.
+*/
+static int agginfoPersistExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
+  if( ALWAYS(!ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced))
+   && pExpr->pAggInfo!=0
+  ){
+    AggInfo *pAggInfo = pExpr->pAggInfo;
+    int iAgg = pExpr->iAgg;
+    Parse *pParse = pWalker->pParse;
+    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+    assert( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN || pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION );
+    if( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN ){
+      assert( iAgg>=0 && iAgg<pAggInfo->nColumn );
+      if( pAggInfo->aCol[iAgg].pCExpr==pExpr ){
+        pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
+        if( pExpr ){
+          pAggInfo->aCol[iAgg].pCExpr = pExpr;
+          pParse->pConstExpr =
+             sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pParse->pConstExpr, pExpr);
+        }
+      }
+    }else{
+      assert( iAgg>=0 && iAgg<pAggInfo->nFunc );
+      if( pAggInfo->aFunc[iAgg].pFExpr==pExpr ){
+        pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
+        if( pExpr ){
+          pAggInfo->aFunc[iAgg].pFExpr = pExpr;
+          pParse->pConstExpr =
+             sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pParse->pConstExpr, pExpr);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+
+/*
+** Initialize a Walker object so that will persist AggInfo entries referenced
+** by the tree that is walked.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AggInfoPersistWalkerInit(Walker *pWalker, Parse *pParse){
+  memset(pWalker, 0, sizeof(*pWalker));
+  pWalker->pParse = pParse;
+  pWalker->xExprCallback = agginfoPersistExprCb;
+  pWalker->xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkNoop;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Add a new element to the pAggInfo->aCol[] array.  Return the index of
 ** the new element.  Return a negative number if malloc fails.
@@ -100858,7 +105977,7 @@ static int addAggInfoColumn(sqlite3 *db, AggInfo *pInfo){
        &i
   );
   return i;
-}    
+}
 
 /*
 ** Add a new element to the pAggInfo->aFunc[] array.  Return the index of
@@ -100867,14 +105986,14 @@ static int addAggInfoColumn(sqlite3 *db, AggInfo *pInfo){
 static int addAggInfoFunc(sqlite3 *db, AggInfo *pInfo){
   int i;
   pInfo->aFunc = sqlite3ArrayAllocate(
-       db, 
+       db,
        pInfo->aFunc,
        sizeof(pInfo->aFunc[0]),
        &pInfo->nFunc,
        &i
   );
   return i;
-}    
+}
 
 /*
 ** This is the xExprCallback for a tree walker.  It is used to
@@ -100903,7 +106022,7 @@ static int analyzeAggregate(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
           assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
           if( pExpr->iTable==pItem->iCursor ){
             /* If we reach this point, it means that pExpr refers to a table
-            ** that is in the FROM clause of the aggregate query.  
+            ** that is in the FROM clause of the aggregate query.
             **
             ** Make an entry for the column in pAggInfo->aCol[] if there
             ** is not an entry there already.
@@ -100917,15 +106036,15 @@ static int analyzeAggregate(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
               }
             }
             if( (k>=pAggInfo->nColumn)
-             && (k = addAggInfoColumn(pParse->db, pAggInfo))>=0 
+             && (k = addAggInfoColumn(pParse->db, pAggInfo))>=0
             ){
               pCol = &pAggInfo->aCol[k];
-              pCol->pTab = pExpr->pTab;
+              pCol->pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
               pCol->iTable = pExpr->iTable;
               pCol->iColumn = pExpr->iColumn;
               pCol->iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
               pCol->iSorterColumn = -1;
-              pCol->pExpr = pExpr;
+              pCol->pCExpr = pExpr;
               if( pAggInfo->pGroupBy ){
                 int j, n;
                 ExprList *pGB = pAggInfo->pGroupBy;
@@ -100963,12 +106082,12 @@ static int analyzeAggregate(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
       if( (pNC->ncFlags & NC_InAggFunc)==0
        && pWalker->walkerDepth==pExpr->op2
       ){
-        /* Check to see if pExpr is a duplicate of another aggregate 
+        /* Check to see if pExpr is a duplicate of another aggregate
         ** function that is already in the pAggInfo structure
         */
         struct AggInfo_func *pItem = pAggInfo->aFunc;
         for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pItem++){
-          if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pItem->pExpr, pExpr, -1)==0 ){
+          if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pItem->pFExpr, pExpr, -1)==0 ){
             break;
           }
         }
@@ -100980,11 +106099,11 @@ static int analyzeAggregate(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
           if( i>=0 ){
             assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
             pItem = &pAggInfo->aFunc[i];
-            pItem->pExpr = pExpr;
+            pItem->pFExpr = pExpr;
             pItem->iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
             assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
             pItem->pFunc = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db,
-                   pExpr->u.zToken, 
+                   pExpr->u.zToken,
                    pExpr->x.pList ? pExpr->x.pList->nExpr : 0, enc, 0);
             if( pExpr->flags & EP_Distinct ){
               pItem->iDistinct = pParse->nTab++;
@@ -101007,15 +106126,6 @@ static int analyzeAggregate(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
   }
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
-static int analyzeAggregatesInSelect(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pSelect);
-  pWalker->walkerDepth++;
-  return WRC_Continue;
-}
-static void analyzeAggregatesInSelectEnd(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pSelect);
-  pWalker->walkerDepth--;
-}
 
 /*
 ** Analyze the pExpr expression looking for aggregate functions and
@@ -101029,10 +106139,11 @@ static void analyzeAggregatesInSelectEnd(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext *pNC, Expr *pExpr){
   Walker w;
   w.xExprCallback = analyzeAggregate;
-  w.xSelectCallback = analyzeAggregatesInSelect;
-  w.xSelectCallback2 = analyzeAggregatesInSelectEnd;
+  w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3WalkerDepthIncrease;
+  w.xSelectCallback2 = sqlite3WalkerDepthDecrease;
   w.walkerDepth = 0;
   w.u.pNC = pNC;
+  w.pParse = 0;
   assert( pNC->pSrcList!=0 );
   sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pExpr);
 }
@@ -101068,8 +106179,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse *pParse){
 ** purpose.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse *pParse, int iReg){
-  if( iReg && pParse->nTempReg<ArraySize(pParse->aTempReg) ){
-    pParse->aTempReg[pParse->nTempReg++] = iReg;
+  if( iReg ){
+    sqlite3VdbeReleaseRegisters(pParse, iReg, 1, 0, 0);
+    if( pParse->nTempReg<ArraySize(pParse->aTempReg) ){
+      pParse->aTempReg[pParse->nTempReg++] = iReg;
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -101095,6 +106209,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse *pParse, int iReg, int nReg){
     sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, iReg);
     return;
   }
+  sqlite3VdbeReleaseRegisters(pParse, iReg, nReg, 0, 0);
   if( nReg>pParse->nRangeReg ){
     pParse->nRangeReg = nReg;
     pParse->iRangeReg = iReg;
@@ -101103,6 +106218,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse *pParse, int iReg, int nReg){
 
 /*
 ** Mark all temporary registers as being unavailable for reuse.
+**
+** Always invoke this procedure after coding a subroutine or co-routine
+** that might be invoked from other parts of the code, to ensure that
+** the sub/co-routine does not use registers in common with the code that
+** invokes the sub/co-routine.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse *pParse){
   pParse->nTempReg = 0;
@@ -101164,9 +106284,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse *pParse, int iFirst, int iLast){
 **
 ** Or, if zName is not a system table, zero is returned.
 */
-static int isSystemTable(Parse *pParse, const char *zName){
-  if( 0==sqlite3StrNICmp(zName, "sqlite_", 7) ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be altered", zName);
+static int isAlterableTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
+  if( 0==sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_", 7)
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+   || ( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Shadow)!=0
+        && sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(pParse->db)
+   )
+#endif
+  ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be altered", pTab->zName);
     return 1;
   }
   return 0;
@@ -101180,24 +106306,24 @@ static int isSystemTable(Parse *pParse, const char *zName){
 ** objects unusable.
 */
 static void renameTestSchema(Parse *pParse, const char *zDb, int bTemp){
-  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
+  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
       "SELECT 1 "
-      "FROM \"%w\".%s "
-      "WHERE name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%%'"
+      "FROM \"%w\"." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " "
+      "WHERE name NOT LIKE 'sqliteX_%%' ESCAPE 'X'"
       " AND sql NOT LIKE 'create virtual%%'"
       " AND sqlite_rename_test(%Q, sql, type, name, %d)=NULL ",
-      zDb, MASTER_NAME, 
+      zDb,
       zDb, bTemp
   );
 
   if( bTemp==0 ){
-    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
+    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
         "SELECT 1 "
-        "FROM temp.%s "
-        "WHERE name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%%'"
+        "FROM temp." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " "
+        "WHERE name NOT LIKE 'sqliteX_%%' ESCAPE 'X'"
         " AND sql NOT LIKE 'create virtual%%'"
         " AND sqlite_rename_test(%Q, sql, type, name, 1)=NULL ",
-        MASTER_NAME, zDb 
+        zDb
     );
   }
 }
@@ -101216,8 +106342,8 @@ static void renameReloadSchema(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
 }
 
 /*
-** Generate code to implement the "ALTER TABLE xxx RENAME TO yyy" 
-** command. 
+** Generate code to implement the "ALTER TABLE xxx RENAME TO yyy"
+** command.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(
   Parse *pParse,            /* Parser context. */
@@ -101227,7 +106353,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(
   int iDb;                  /* Database that contains the table */
   char *zDb;                /* Name of database iDb */
   Table *pTab;              /* Table being renamed */
-  char *zName = 0;          /* NULL-terminated version of pName */ 
+  char *zName = 0;          /* NULL-terminated version of pName */
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db; /* Database connection */
   int nTabName;             /* Number of UTF-8 characters in zTabName */
   const char *zTabName;     /* Original name of the table */
@@ -101235,7 +106361,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(
   VTable *pVTab = 0;        /* Non-zero if this is a v-tab with an xRename() */
   u32 savedDbFlags;         /* Saved value of db->mDbFlags */
 
-  savedDbFlags = db->mDbFlags;  
+  savedDbFlags = db->mDbFlags;
   if( NEVER(db->mallocFailed) ) goto exit_rename_table;
   assert( pSrc->nSrc==1 );
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(pParse->db) );
@@ -101253,8 +106379,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(
   /* Check that a table or index named 'zName' does not already exist
   ** in database iDb. If so, this is an error.
   */
-  if( sqlite3FindTable(db, zName, zDb) || sqlite3FindIndex(db, zName, zDb) ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
+  if( sqlite3FindTable(db, zName, zDb)
+   || sqlite3FindIndex(db, zName, zDb)
+   || sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(db, pTab, zName)
+  ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
         "there is already another table or index with this name: %s", zName);
     goto exit_rename_table;
   }
@@ -101262,11 +106391,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(
   /* Make sure it is not a system table being altered, or a reserved name
   ** that the table is being renamed to.
   */
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=isSystemTable(pParse, pTab->zName) ){
+  if( SQLITE_OK!=isAlterableTable(pParse, pTab) ){
     goto exit_rename_table;
   }
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3CheckObjectName(pParse, zName) ){ goto
-    exit_rename_table;
+  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3CheckObjectName(pParse,zName,"table",zName) ){
+    goto exit_rename_table;
   }
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
@@ -101295,15 +106424,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(
   }
 #endif
 
-  /* Begin a transaction for database iDb. 
-  ** Then modify the schema cookie (since the ALTER TABLE modifies the
-  ** schema). Open a statement transaction if the table is a virtual
-  ** table.
-  */
+  /* Begin a transaction for database iDb. Then modify the schema cookie
+  ** (since the ALTER TABLE modifies the schema). Call sqlite3MayAbort(),
+  ** as the scalar functions (e.g. sqlite_rename_table()) invoked by the
+  ** nested SQL may raise an exception.  */
   v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
   if( v==0 ){
     goto exit_rename_table;
   }
+  sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
 
   /* figure out how many UTF-8 characters are in zName */
   zTabName = pTab->zName;
@@ -101311,33 +106440,34 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(
 
   /* Rewrite all CREATE TABLE, INDEX, TRIGGER or VIEW statements in
   ** the schema to use the new table name.  */
-  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
-      "UPDATE \"%w\".%s SET "
+  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+      "UPDATE \"%w\"." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " SET "
       "sql = sqlite_rename_table(%Q, type, name, sql, %Q, %Q, %d) "
       "WHERE (type!='index' OR tbl_name=%Q COLLATE nocase)"
-      "AND   name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%%'"
-      , zDb, MASTER_NAME, zDb, zTabName, zName, (iDb==1), zTabName
+      "AND   name NOT LIKE 'sqliteX_%%' ESCAPE 'X'"
+      , zDb, zDb, zTabName, zName, (iDb==1), zTabName
   );
 
-  /* Update the tbl_name and name columns of the sqlite_master table
+  /* Update the tbl_name and name columns of the sqlite_schema table
   ** as required.  */
   sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-      "UPDATE %Q.%s SET "
+      "UPDATE %Q." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " SET "
           "tbl_name = %Q, "
           "name = CASE "
             "WHEN type='table' THEN %Q "
-            "WHEN name LIKE 'sqlite_autoindex%%' AND type='index' THEN "
+            "WHEN name LIKE 'sqliteX_autoindex%%' ESCAPE 'X' "
+            "     AND type='index' THEN "
              "'sqlite_autoindex_' || %Q || substr(name,%d+18) "
             "ELSE name END "
       "WHERE tbl_name=%Q COLLATE nocase AND "
-          "(type='table' OR type='index' OR type='trigger');", 
-      zDb, MASTER_NAME, 
-      zName, zName, zName, 
+          "(type='table' OR type='index' OR type='trigger');",
+      zDb,
+      zName, zName, zName,
       nTabName, zTabName
   );
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
-  /* If the sqlite_sequence table exists in this database, then update 
+  /* If the sqlite_sequence table exists in this database, then update
   ** it with the new table name.
   */
   if( sqlite3FindTable(db, "sqlite_sequence", zDb) ){
@@ -101348,11 +106478,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(
 #endif
 
   /* If the table being renamed is not itself part of the temp database,
-  ** edit view and trigger definitions within the temp database 
+  ** edit view and trigger definitions within the temp database
   ** as required.  */
   if( iDb!=1 ){
-    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
-        "UPDATE sqlite_temp_master SET "
+    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+        "UPDATE sqlite_temp_schema SET "
             "sql = sqlite_rename_table(%Q, type, name, sql, %Q, %Q, 1), "
             "tbl_name = "
               "CASE WHEN tbl_name=%Q COLLATE nocase AND "
@@ -101372,7 +106502,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(
     int i = ++pParse->nMem;
     sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, i, zName);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VRename, i, 0, 0,(const char*)pVTab, P4_VTAB);
-    sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -101385,6 +106514,22 @@ exit_rename_table:
   db->mDbFlags = savedDbFlags;
 }
 
+/*
+** Write code that will raise an error if the table described by
+** zDb and zTab is not empty.
+*/
+static void sqlite3ErrorIfNotEmpty(
+  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
+  const char *zDb,      /* Schema holding the table */
+  const char *zTab,     /* Table to check for empty */
+  const char *zErr      /* Error message text */
+){
+  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+     "SELECT raise(ABORT,%Q) FROM \"%w\".\"%w\"",
+     zErr, zDb, zTab
+  );
+}
+
 /*
 ** This function is called after an "ALTER TABLE ... ADD" statement
 ** has been parsed. Argument pColDef contains the text of the new
@@ -101427,14 +106572,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *pParse, Token *pColDef){
   }
 #endif
 
-  /* If the default value for the new column was specified with a 
-  ** literal NULL, then set pDflt to 0. This simplifies checking
-  ** for an SQL NULL default below.
-  */
-  assert( pDflt==0 || pDflt->op==TK_SPAN );
-  if( pDflt && pDflt->pLeft->op==TK_NULL ){
-    pDflt = 0;
-  }
 
   /* Check that the new column is not specified as PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE.
   ** If there is a NOT NULL constraint, then the default value for the
@@ -101445,39 +106582,52 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *pParse, Token *pColDef){
     return;
   }
   if( pNew->pIndex ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "Cannot add a UNIQUE column");
-    return;
-  }
-  if( (db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys) && pNew->pFKey && pDflt ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-        "Cannot add a REFERENCES column with non-NULL default value");
-    return;
-  }
-  if( pCol->notNull && !pDflt ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-        "Cannot add a NOT NULL column with default value NULL");
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+         "Cannot add a UNIQUE column");
     return;
   }
-
-  /* Ensure the default expression is something that sqlite3ValueFromExpr()
-  ** can handle (i.e. not CURRENT_TIME etc.)
-  */
-  if( pDflt ){
-    sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
-    int rc;
-    rc = sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db, pDflt, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB, &pVal);
-    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      assert( db->mallocFailed == 1 );
-      return;
+  if( (pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)==0 ){
+    /* If the default value for the new column was specified with a
+    ** literal NULL, then set pDflt to 0. This simplifies checking
+    ** for an SQL NULL default below.
+    */
+    assert( pDflt==0 || pDflt->op==TK_SPAN );
+    if( pDflt && pDflt->pLeft->op==TK_NULL ){
+      pDflt = 0;
     }
-    if( !pVal ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "Cannot add a column with non-constant default");
-      return;
+    if( (db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys) && pNew->pFKey && pDflt ){
+      sqlite3ErrorIfNotEmpty(pParse, zDb, zTab,
+          "Cannot add a REFERENCES column with non-NULL default value");
+    }
+    if( pCol->notNull && !pDflt ){
+      sqlite3ErrorIfNotEmpty(pParse, zDb, zTab,
+          "Cannot add a NOT NULL column with default value NULL");
     }
-    sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
+
+
+    /* Ensure the default expression is something that sqlite3ValueFromExpr()
+    ** can handle (i.e. not CURRENT_TIME etc.)
+    */
+    if( pDflt ){
+      sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
+      int rc;
+      rc = sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db, pDflt, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB, &pVal);
+      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        assert( db->mallocFailed == 1 );
+        return;
+      }
+      if( !pVal ){
+        sqlite3ErrorIfNotEmpty(pParse, zDb, zTab,
+           "Cannot add a column with non-constant default");
+      }
+      sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
+    }
+  }else if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED ){
+    sqlite3ErrorIfNotEmpty(pParse, zDb, zTab, "cannot add a STORED column");
   }
 
+
   /* Modify the CREATE TABLE statement. */
   zCol = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pColDef->z, pColDef->n);
   if( zCol ){
@@ -101487,11 +106637,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *pParse, Token *pColDef){
       *zEnd-- = '\0';
     }
     db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin;
-    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
-        "UPDATE \"%w\".%s SET "
+    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+        "UPDATE \"%w\"." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " SET "
           "sql = substr(sql,1,%d) || ', ' || %Q || substr(sql,%d) "
-        "WHERE type = 'table' AND name = %Q", 
-      zDb, MASTER_NAME, pNew->addColOffset, zCol, pNew->addColOffset+1,
+        "WHERE type = 'table' AND name = %Q",
+      zDb, pNew->addColOffset, zCol, pNew->addColOffset+1,
       zTab
     );
     sqlite3DbFree(db, zCol);
@@ -101520,14 +106670,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *pParse, Token *pColDef){
 
 /*
 ** This function is called by the parser after the table-name in
-** an "ALTER TABLE <table-name> ADD" statement is parsed. Argument 
+** an "ALTER TABLE <table-name> ADD" statement is parsed. Argument
 ** pSrc is the full-name of the table being altered.
 **
 ** This routine makes a (partial) copy of the Table structure
 ** for the table being altered and sets Parse.pNewTable to point
 ** to it. Routines called by the parser as the column definition
-** is parsed (i.e. sqlite3AddColumn()) add the new Column data to 
-** the copy. The copy of the Table structure is deleted by tokenize.c 
+** is parsed (i.e. sqlite3AddColumn()) add the new Column data to
+** the copy. The copy of the Table structure is deleted by tokenize.c
 ** after parsing is finished.
 **
 ** Routine sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn() will be called to complete
@@ -101560,10 +106710,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pSrc){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "Cannot add a column to a view");
     goto exit_begin_add_column;
   }
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=isSystemTable(pParse, pTab->zName) ){
+  if( SQLITE_OK!=isAlterableTable(pParse, pTab) ){
     goto exit_begin_add_column;
   }
 
+  sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
   assert( pTab->addColOffset>0 );
   iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
 
@@ -101592,6 +106743,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pSrc){
   for(i=0; i<pNew->nCol; i++){
     Column *pCol = &pNew->aCol[i];
     pCol->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pCol->zName);
+    pCol->hName = sqlite3StrIHash(pCol->zName);
     pCol->zColl = 0;
     pCol->pDflt = 0;
   }
@@ -101662,10 +106814,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(
   if( !pTab ) goto exit_rename_column;
 
   /* Cannot alter a system table */
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=isSystemTable(pParse, pTab->zName) ) goto exit_rename_column;
+  if( SQLITE_OK!=isAlterableTable(pParse, pTab) ) goto exit_rename_column;
   if( SQLITE_OK!=isRealTable(pParse, pTab) ) goto exit_rename_column;
 
-  /* Which schema holds the table to be altered */  
+  /* Which schema holds the table to be altered */
   iSchema = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
   assert( iSchema>=0 );
   zDb = db->aDb[iSchema].zDbSName;
@@ -101691,27 +106843,28 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(
 
   /* Do the rename operation using a recursive UPDATE statement that
   ** uses the sqlite_rename_column() SQL function to compute the new
-  ** CREATE statement text for the sqlite_master table.
+  ** CREATE statement text for the sqlite_schema table.
   */
+  sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
   zNew = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pNew);
   if( !zNew ) goto exit_rename_column;
   assert( pNew->n>0 );
   bQuote = sqlite3Isquote(pNew->z[0]);
-  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
-      "UPDATE \"%w\".%s SET "
+  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+      "UPDATE \"%w\"." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " SET "
       "sql = sqlite_rename_column(sql, type, name, %Q, %Q, %d, %Q, %d, %d) "
-      "WHERE name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%%' AND (type != 'index' OR tbl_name = %Q)"
+      "WHERE name NOT LIKE 'sqliteX_%%' ESCAPE 'X' "
+      " AND (type != 'index' OR tbl_name = %Q)"
       " AND sql NOT LIKE 'create virtual%%'",
-      zDb, MASTER_NAME, 
+      zDb,
       zDb, pTab->zName, iCol, zNew, bQuote, iSchema==1,
       pTab->zName
   );
 
-  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
-      "UPDATE temp.%s SET "
+  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+      "UPDATE temp." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " SET "
       "sql = sqlite_rename_column(sql, type, name, %Q, %Q, %d, %Q, %d, 1) "
       "WHERE type IN ('trigger', 'view')",
-      MASTER_NAME, 
       zDb, pTab->zName, iCol, zNew, bQuote
   );
 
@@ -101758,7 +106911,7 @@ struct RenameCtx {
   RenameToken *pList;             /* List of tokens to overwrite */
   int nList;                      /* Number of tokens in pList */
   int iCol;                       /* Index of column being renamed */
-  Table *pTab;                    /* Table being ALTERed */ 
+  Table *pTab;                    /* Table being ALTERed */
   const char *zOld;               /* Old column name */
 };
 
@@ -101766,14 +106919,14 @@ struct RenameCtx {
 /*
 ** This function is only for debugging. It performs two tasks:
 **
-**   1. Checks that pointer pPtr does not already appear in the 
+**   1. Checks that pointer pPtr does not already appear in the
 **      rename-token list.
 **
 **   2. Dereferences each pointer in the rename-token list.
 **
 ** The second is most effective when debugging under valgrind or
-** address-sanitizer or similar. If any of these pointers no longer 
-** point to valid objects, an exception is raised by the memory-checking 
+** address-sanitizer or similar. If any of these pointers no longer
+** point to valid objects, an exception is raised by the memory-checking
 ** tool.
 **
 ** The point of this is to prevent comparisons of invalid pointer values.
@@ -101803,21 +106956,29 @@ static void renameTokenCheckAll(Parse *pParse, void *pPtr){
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Add a new RenameToken object mapping parse tree element pPtr into
-** token *pToken to the Parse object currently under construction.
+** Remember that the parser tree element pPtr was created using
+** the token pToken.
 **
-** Return a copy of pPtr.
+** In other words, construct a new RenameToken object and add it
+** to the list of RenameToken objects currently being built up
+** in pParse->pRename.
+**
+** The pPtr argument is returned so that this routine can be used
+** with tail recursion in tokenExpr() routine, for a small performance
+** improvement.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3RenameTokenMap(Parse *pParse, void *pPtr, Token *pToken){
   RenameToken *pNew;
   assert( pPtr || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
   renameTokenCheckAll(pParse, pPtr);
-  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(RenameToken));
-  if( pNew ){
-    pNew->p = pPtr;
-    pNew->t = *pToken;
-    pNew->pNext = pParse->pRename;
-    pParse->pRename = pNew;
+  if( ALWAYS(pParse->eParseMode!=PARSE_MODE_UNMAP) ){
+    pNew = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(RenameToken));
+    if( pNew ){
+      pNew->p = pPtr;
+      pNew->t = *pToken;
+      pNew->pNext = pParse->pRename;
+      pParse->pRename = pNew;
+    }
   }
 
   return pPtr;
@@ -101848,19 +107009,87 @@ static int renameUnmapExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
 
+/*
+** Iterate through the Select objects that are part of WITH clauses attached
+** to select statement pSelect.
+*/
+static void renameWalkWith(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
+  With *pWith = pSelect->pWith;
+  if( pWith ){
+    int i;
+    for(i=0; i<pWith->nCte; i++){
+      Select *p = pWith->a[i].pSelect;
+      NameContext sNC;
+      memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
+      sNC.pParse = pWalker->pParse;
+      sqlite3SelectPrep(sNC.pParse, p, &sNC);
+      sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, p);
+      sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(pWalker->pParse, pWith->a[i].pCols);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Unmap all tokens in the IdList object passed as the second argument.
+*/
+static void unmapColumnIdlistNames(
+  Parse *pParse,
+  IdList *pIdList
+){
+  if( pIdList ){
+    int ii;
+    for(ii=0; ii<pIdList->nId; ii++){
+      sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)pIdList->a[ii].zName);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Walker callback used by sqlite3RenameExprUnmap().
+*/
+static int renameUnmapSelectCb(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
+  Parse *pParse = pWalker->pParse;
+  int i;
+  if( pParse->nErr ) return WRC_Abort;
+  if( NEVER(p->selFlags & SF_View) ) return WRC_Prune;
+  if( ALWAYS(p->pEList) ){
+    ExprList *pList = p->pEList;
+    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
+      if( pList->a[i].zEName && pList->a[i].eEName==ENAME_NAME ){
+        sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)pList->a[i].zEName);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if( ALWAYS(p->pSrc) ){  /* Every Select as a SrcList, even if it is empty */
+    SrcList *pSrc = p->pSrc;
+    for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc; i++){
+      sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)pSrc->a[i].zName);
+      if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pSrc->a[i].pOn) ) return WRC_Abort;
+      unmapColumnIdlistNames(pParse, pSrc->a[i].pUsing);
+    }
+  }
+
+  renameWalkWith(pWalker, p);
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Remove all nodes that are part of expression pExpr from the rename list.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
+  u8 eMode = pParse->eParseMode;
   Walker sWalker;
   memset(&sWalker, 0, sizeof(Walker));
   sWalker.pParse = pParse;
   sWalker.xExprCallback = renameUnmapExprCb;
+  sWalker.xSelectCallback = renameUnmapSelectCb;
+  pParse->eParseMode = PARSE_MODE_UNMAP;
   sqlite3WalkExpr(&sWalker, pExpr);
+  pParse->eParseMode = eMode;
 }
 
 /*
-** Remove all nodes that are part of expression-list pEList from the 
+** Remove all nodes that are part of expression-list pEList from the
 ** rename list.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(Parse *pParse, ExprList *pEList){
@@ -101872,7 +107101,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(Parse *pParse, ExprList *pEList){
     sWalker.xExprCallback = renameUnmapExprCb;
     sqlite3WalkExprList(&sWalker, pEList);
     for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
-      sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)pEList->a[i].zName);
+      if( ALWAYS(pEList->a[i].eEName==ENAME_NAME) ){
+        sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)pEList->a[i].zEName);
+      }
     }
   }
 }
@@ -101916,8 +107147,8 @@ static void renameTokenFind(Parse *pParse, struct RenameCtx *pCtx, void *pPtr){
 ** descend into sub-select statements.
 */
 static int renameColumnSelectCb(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pWalker);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(p);
+  if( p->selFlags & SF_View ) return WRC_Prune;
+  renameWalkWith(pWalker, p);
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
 
@@ -101932,14 +107163,14 @@ static int renameColumnSelectCb(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
 */
 static int renameColumnExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
   RenameCtx *p = pWalker->u.pRename;
-  if( pExpr->op==TK_TRIGGER 
-   && pExpr->iColumn==p->iCol 
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_TRIGGER
+   && pExpr->iColumn==p->iCol
    && pWalker->pParse->pTriggerTab==p->pTab
   ){
     renameTokenFind(pWalker->pParse, p, (void*)pExpr);
-  }else if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN 
-   && pExpr->iColumn==p->iCol 
-   && p->pTab==pExpr->pTab
+  }else if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN
+   && pExpr->iColumn==p->iCol
+   && p->pTab==pExpr->y.pTab
   ){
     renameTokenFind(pWalker->pParse, p, (void*)pExpr);
   }
@@ -101977,7 +107208,7 @@ static RenameToken *renameColumnTokenNext(RenameCtx *pCtx){
 ** adds context to the error message and then stores it in pCtx.
 */
 static void renameColumnParseError(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
   int bPost,
   sqlite3_value *pType,
   sqlite3_value *pObject,
@@ -101987,7 +107218,7 @@ static void renameColumnParseError(
   const char *zN = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pObject);
   char *zErr;
 
-  zErr = sqlite3_mprintf("error in %s %s%s: %s", 
+  zErr = sqlite3_mprintf("error in %s %s%s: %s",
       zT, zN, (bPost ? " after rename" : ""),
       pParse->zErrMsg
   );
@@ -101997,21 +107228,24 @@ static void renameColumnParseError(
 
 /*
 ** For each name in the the expression-list pEList (i.e. each
-** pEList->a[i].zName) that matches the string in zOld, extract the 
+** pEList->a[i].zName) that matches the string in zOld, extract the
 ** corresponding rename-token from Parse object pParse and add it
 ** to the RenameCtx pCtx.
 */
 static void renameColumnElistNames(
-  Parse *pParse, 
-  RenameCtx *pCtx, 
-  ExprList *pEList, 
+  Parse *pParse,
+  RenameCtx *pCtx,
+  ExprList *pEList,
   const char *zOld
 ){
   if( pEList ){
     int i;
     for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
-      char *zName = pEList->a[i].zName;
-      if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(zName, zOld) ){
+      char *zName = pEList->a[i].zEName;
+      if( ALWAYS(pEList->a[i].eEName==ENAME_NAME)
+       && ALWAYS(zName!=0)
+       && 0==sqlite3_stricmp(zName, zOld)
+      ){
         renameTokenFind(pParse, pCtx, (void*)zName);
       }
     }
@@ -102019,14 +107253,14 @@ static void renameColumnElistNames(
 }
 
 /*
-** For each name in the the id-list pIdList (i.e. each pIdList->a[i].zName) 
-** that matches the string in zOld, extract the corresponding rename-token 
+** For each name in the the id-list pIdList (i.e. each pIdList->a[i].zName)
+** that matches the string in zOld, extract the corresponding rename-token
 ** from Parse object pParse and add it to the RenameCtx pCtx.
 */
 static void renameColumnIdlistNames(
-  Parse *pParse, 
-  RenameCtx *pCtx, 
-  IdList *pIdList, 
+  Parse *pParse,
+  RenameCtx *pCtx,
+  IdList *pIdList,
   const char *zOld
 ){
   if( pIdList ){
@@ -102040,6 +107274,7 @@ static void renameColumnIdlistNames(
   }
 }
 
+
 /*
 ** Parse the SQL statement zSql using Parse object (*p). The Parse object
 ** is initialized by this function before it is used.
@@ -102047,7 +107282,6 @@ static void renameColumnIdlistNames(
 static int renameParseSql(
   Parse *p,                       /* Memory to use for Parse object */
   const char *zDb,                /* Name of schema SQL belongs to */
-  int bTable,                     /* 1 -> RENAME TABLE, 0 -> RENAME COLUMN */
   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
   const char *zSql,               /* SQL to parse */
   int bTemp                       /* True if SQL is from temp schema */
@@ -102061,17 +107295,16 @@ static int renameParseSql(
   ** occurs and the parse does not result in a new table, index or
   ** trigger object, the database must be corrupt. */
   memset(p, 0, sizeof(Parse));
-  p->eParseMode = (bTable ? PARSE_MODE_RENAME_TABLE : PARSE_MODE_RENAME_COLUMN);
+  p->eParseMode = PARSE_MODE_RENAME;
   p->db = db;
   p->nQueryLoop = 1;
   rc = sqlite3RunParser(p, zSql, &zErr);
   assert( p->zErrMsg==0 );
   assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || zErr==0 );
-  assert( (0!=p->pNewTable) + (0!=p->pNewIndex) + (0!=p->pNewTrigger)<2 );
   p->zErrMsg = zErr;
   if( db->mallocFailed ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK 
-   && p->pNewTable==0 && p->pNewIndex==0 && p->pNewTrigger==0 
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK
+   && p->pNewTable==0 && p->pNewIndex==0 && p->pNewTrigger==0
   ){
     rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
   }
@@ -102116,8 +107349,8 @@ static int renameEditSql(
   char *zOut;
   int nQuot;
 
-  /* Set zQuot to point to a buffer containing a quoted copy of the 
-  ** identifier zNew. If the corresponding identifier in the original 
+  /* Set zQuot to point to a buffer containing a quoted copy of the
+  ** identifier zNew. If the corresponding identifier in the original
   ** ALTER TABLE statement was quoted (bQuote==1), then set zNew to
   ** point to zQuot so that all substitutions are made using the
   ** quoted version of the new column name.  */
@@ -102157,7 +107390,7 @@ static int renameEditSql(
 
       iOff = pBest->t.z - zSql;
       if( pBest->t.n!=nReplace ){
-        memmove(&zOut[iOff + nReplace], &zOut[iOff + pBest->t.n], 
+        memmove(&zOut[iOff + nReplace], &zOut[iOff + pBest->t.n],
             nOut - (iOff + pBest->t.n)
         );
         nOut += nReplace - pBest->t.n;
@@ -102179,11 +107412,11 @@ static int renameEditSql(
 
 /*
 ** Resolve all symbols in the trigger at pParse->pNewTrigger, assuming
-** it was read from the schema of database zDb. Return SQLITE_OK if 
+** it was read from the schema of database zDb. Return SQLITE_OK if
 ** successful. Otherwise, return an SQLite error code and leave an error
 ** message in the Parse object.
 */
-static int renameResolveTrigger(Parse *pParse, const char *zDb){
+static int renameResolveTrigger(Parse *pParse){
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   Trigger *pNew = pParse->pNewTrigger;
   TriggerStep *pStep;
@@ -102193,13 +107426,18 @@ static int renameResolveTrigger(Parse *pParse, const char *zDb){
   memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
   sNC.pParse = pParse;
   assert( pNew->pTabSchema );
-  pParse->pTriggerTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, pNew->table, 
+  pParse->pTriggerTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, pNew->table,
       db->aDb[sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pNew->pTabSchema)].zDbSName
   );
   pParse->eTriggerOp = pNew->op;
+  /* ALWAYS() because if the table of the trigger does not exist, the
+  ** error would have been hit before this point */
+  if( ALWAYS(pParse->pTriggerTab) ){
+    rc = sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pParse->pTriggerTab);
+  }
 
   /* Resolve symbols in WHEN clause */
-  if( pNew->pWhen ){
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pNew->pWhen ){
     rc = sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pNew->pWhen);
   }
 
@@ -102209,17 +107447,30 @@ static int renameResolveTrigger(Parse *pParse, const char *zDb){
       if( pParse->nErr ) rc = pParse->rc;
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pStep->zTarget ){
-      Table *pTarget = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, pStep->zTarget, zDb);
-      if( pTarget==0 ){
-        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-      }else if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTarget)) ){
-        SrcList sSrc;
-        memset(&sSrc, 0, sizeof(sSrc));
-        sSrc.nSrc = 1;
-        sSrc.a[0].zName = pStep->zTarget;
-        sSrc.a[0].pTab = pTarget;
-        sNC.pSrcList = &sSrc;
-        if( pStep->pWhere ){
+      SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(pParse, pStep);
+      if( pSrc ){
+        int i;
+        for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
+          struct SrcList_item *p = &pSrc->a[i];
+          p->iCursor = pParse->nTab++;
+          if( p->pSelect ){
+            sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, p->pSelect, 0);
+            sqlite3ExpandSubquery(pParse, p);
+            assert( i>0 );
+            assert( pStep->pFrom->a[i-1].pSelect );
+            sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, pStep->pFrom->a[i-1].pSelect, 0);
+          }else{
+            p->pTab = sqlite3LocateTableItem(pParse, 0, p);
+            if( p->pTab==0 ){
+              rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+            }else{
+              p->pTab->nTabRef++;
+              rc = sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, p->pTab);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        sNC.pSrcList = pSrc;
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pStep->pWhere ){
           rc = sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pStep->pWhere);
         }
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -102229,7 +107480,7 @@ static int renameResolveTrigger(Parse *pParse, const char *zDb){
         if( pStep->pUpsert ){
           Upsert *pUpsert = pStep->pUpsert;
           assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-          pUpsert->pUpsertSrc = &sSrc;
+          pUpsert->pUpsertSrc = pSrc;
           sNC.uNC.pUpsert = pUpsert;
           sNC.ncFlags = NC_UUpsert;
           rc = sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, pUpsert->pUpsertTarget);
@@ -102245,6 +107496,10 @@ static int renameResolveTrigger(Parse *pParse, const char *zDb){
           }
           sNC.ncFlags = 0;
         }
+        sNC.pSrcList = 0;
+        sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pSrc);
+      }else{
+        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -102273,6 +107528,12 @@ static void renameWalkTrigger(Walker *pWalker, Trigger *pTrigger){
       sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pUpsert->pUpsertWhere);
       sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pUpsert->pUpsertTargetWhere);
     }
+    if( pStep->pFrom ){
+      int i;
+      for(i=0; i<pStep->pFrom->nSrc; i++){
+        sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pStep->pFrom->a[i].pSelect);
+      }
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -102282,11 +107543,15 @@ static void renameWalkTrigger(Walker *pWalker, Trigger *pTrigger){
 */
 static void renameParseCleanup(Parse *pParse){
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  Index *pIdx;
   if( pParse->pVdbe ){
     sqlite3VdbeFinalize(pParse->pVdbe);
   }
   sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pParse->pNewTable);
-  if( pParse->pNewIndex ) sqlite3FreeIndex(db, pParse->pNewIndex);
+  while( (pIdx = pParse->pNewIndex)!=0 ){
+    pParse->pNewIndex = pIdx->pNext;
+    sqlite3FreeIndex(db, pIdx);
+  }
   sqlite3DeleteTrigger(db, pParse->pNewTrigger);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->zErrMsg);
   renameTokenFree(db, pParse->pRename);
@@ -102313,15 +107578,8 @@ static void renameParseCleanup(Parse *pParse){
 ** into zNew.  The name should be quoted if bQuote is true.
 **
 ** This function is used internally by the ALTER TABLE RENAME COLUMN command.
-** Though accessible to application code, it is not intended for use by
-** applications.  The existance of this function, and the way it works,
-** is subject to change without notice.
-**
-** If any of the parameters are out-of-bounds, then simply return NULL.
-** An out-of-bounds parameter can only occur when the application calls
-** this function directly.  The parameters will always be well-formed when
-** this routine is invoked by the bytecode for a legitimate ALTER TABLE
-** statement.
+** It is only accessible to SQL created using sqlite3NestedParse().  It is
+** not reachable from ordinary SQL passed into sqlite3_prepare().
 */
 static void renameColumnFunc(
   sqlite3_context *context,
@@ -102366,7 +107624,7 @@ static void renameColumnFunc(
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
   db->xAuth = 0;
 #endif
-  rc = renameParseSql(&sParse, zDb, 0, db, zSql, bTemp);
+  rc = renameParseSql(&sParse, zDb, db, zSql, bTemp);
 
   /* Find tokens that need to be replaced. */
   memset(&sWalker, 0, sizeof(Walker));
@@ -102380,8 +107638,9 @@ static void renameColumnFunc(
   if( sParse.pNewTable ){
     Select *pSelect = sParse.pNewTable->pSelect;
     if( pSelect ){
+      pSelect->selFlags &= ~SF_View;
       sParse.rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      sqlite3SelectPrep(&sParse, sParse.pNewTable->pSelect, 0);
+      sqlite3SelectPrep(&sParse, pSelect, 0);
       rc = (db->mallocFailed ? SQLITE_NOMEM : sParse.rc);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         sqlite3WalkSelect(&sWalker, pSelect);
@@ -102404,7 +107663,15 @@ static void renameColumnFunc(
         for(pIdx=sParse.pNewTable->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
           sqlite3WalkExprList(&sWalker, pIdx->aColExpr);
         }
+        for(pIdx=sParse.pNewIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
+          sqlite3WalkExprList(&sWalker, pIdx->aColExpr);
+        }
+      }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+      for(i=0; i<sParse.pNewTable->nCol; i++){
+        sqlite3WalkExpr(&sWalker, sParse.pNewTable->aCol[i].pDflt);
       }
+#endif
 
       for(pFKey=sParse.pNewTable->pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextFrom){
         for(i=0; i<pFKey->nCol; i++){
@@ -102425,11 +107692,11 @@ static void renameColumnFunc(
   }else{
     /* A trigger */
     TriggerStep *pStep;
-    rc = renameResolveTrigger(&sParse, (bTemp ? 0 : zDb));
+    rc = renameResolveTrigger(&sParse);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto renameColumnFunc_done;
 
     for(pStep=sParse.pNewTrigger->step_list; pStep; pStep=pStep->pNext){
-      if( pStep->zTarget ){ 
+      if( pStep->zTarget ){
         Table *pTarget = sqlite3LocateTable(&sParse, 0, pStep->zTarget, zDb);
         if( pTarget==pTab ){
           if( pStep->pUpsert ){
@@ -102473,29 +107740,35 @@ renameColumnFunc_done:
 }
 
 /*
-** Walker expression callback used by "RENAME TABLE". 
+** Walker expression callback used by "RENAME TABLE".
 */
 static int renameTableExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
   RenameCtx *p = pWalker->u.pRename;
-  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && p->pTab==pExpr->pTab ){
-    renameTokenFind(pWalker->pParse, p, (void*)&pExpr->pTab);
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && p->pTab==pExpr->y.pTab ){
+    renameTokenFind(pWalker->pParse, p, (void*)&pExpr->y.pTab);
   }
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
 
 /*
-** Walker select callback used by "RENAME TABLE". 
+** Walker select callback used by "RENAME TABLE".
 */
 static int renameTableSelectCb(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
   int i;
   RenameCtx *p = pWalker->u.pRename;
   SrcList *pSrc = pSelect->pSrc;
+  if( pSelect->selFlags & SF_View ) return WRC_Prune;
+  if( pSrc==0 ){
+    assert( pWalker->pParse->db->mallocFailed );
+    return WRC_Abort;
+  }
   for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc; i++){
     struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pSrc->a[i];
     if( pItem->pTab==p->pTab ){
       renameTokenFind(pWalker->pParse, p, pItem->zName);
     }
   }
+  renameWalkWith(pWalker, pSelect);
 
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
@@ -102504,7 +107777,7 @@ static int renameTableSelectCb(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
 /*
 ** This C function implements an SQL user function that is used by SQL code
 ** generated by the ALTER TABLE ... RENAME command to modify the definition
-** of any foreign key constraints that use the table being renamed as the 
+** of any foreign key constraints that use the table being renamed as the
 ** parent table. It is passed three arguments:
 **
 **   0: The database containing the table being renamed.
@@ -102555,7 +107828,7 @@ static void renameTableFunc(
     sWalker.xSelectCallback = renameTableSelectCb;
     sWalker.u.pRename = &sCtx;
 
-    rc = renameParseSql(&sParse, zDb, 1, db, zInput, bTemp);
+    rc = renameParseSql(&sParse, zDb, db, zInput, bTemp);
 
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       int isLegacy = (db->flags & SQLITE_LegacyAlter);
@@ -102564,18 +107837,24 @@ static void renameTableFunc(
 
         if( pTab->pSelect ){
           if( isLegacy==0 ){
+            Select *pSelect = pTab->pSelect;
             NameContext sNC;
             memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
             sNC.pParse = &sParse;
 
+            assert( pSelect->selFlags & SF_View );
+            pSelect->selFlags &= ~SF_View;
             sqlite3SelectPrep(&sParse, pTab->pSelect, &sNC);
-            if( sParse.nErr ) rc = sParse.rc;
-            sqlite3WalkSelect(&sWalker, pTab->pSelect);
+            if( sParse.nErr ){
+              rc = sParse.rc;
+            }else{
+              sqlite3WalkSelect(&sWalker, pTab->pSelect);
+            }
           }
         }else{
           /* Modify any FK definitions to point to the new table. */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-          if( db->flags & SQLITE_ForeignKeys ){
+          if( isLegacy==0 || (db->flags & SQLITE_ForeignKeys) ){
             FKey *pFKey;
             for(pFKey=pTab->pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextFrom){
               if( sqlite3_stricmp(pFKey->zTo, zOld)==0 ){
@@ -102609,14 +107888,14 @@ static void renameTableFunc(
       else{
         Trigger *pTrigger = sParse.pNewTrigger;
         TriggerStep *pStep;
-        if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(sParse.pNewTrigger->table, zOld) 
+        if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(sParse.pNewTrigger->table, zOld)
             && sCtx.pTab->pSchema==pTrigger->pTabSchema
           ){
           renameTokenFind(&sParse, &sCtx, sParse.pNewTrigger->table);
         }
 
         if( isLegacy==0 ){
-          rc = renameResolveTrigger(&sParse, bTemp ? 0 : zDb);
+          rc = renameResolveTrigger(&sParse);
           if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
             renameWalkTrigger(&sWalker, pTrigger);
             for(pStep=pTrigger->step_list; pStep; pStep=pStep->pNext){
@@ -102691,7 +107970,7 @@ static void renameTableTest(
   if( zDb && zInput ){
     int rc;
     Parse sParse;
-    rc = renameParseSql(&sParse, zDb, 1, db, zInput, bTemp);
+    rc = renameParseSql(&sParse, zDb, db, zInput, bTemp);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       if( isLegacy==0 && sParse.pNewTable && sParse.pNewTable->pSelect ){
         NameContext sNC;
@@ -102703,7 +107982,7 @@ static void renameTableTest(
 
       else if( sParse.pNewTrigger ){
         if( isLegacy==0 ){
-          rc = renameResolveTrigger(&sParse, bTemp ? 0 : zDb);
+          rc = renameResolveTrigger(&sParse);
         }
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           int i1 = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, sParse.pNewTrigger->pTabSchema);
@@ -102729,9 +108008,9 @@ static void renameTableTest(
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void){
   static FuncDef aAlterTableFuncs[] = {
-    FUNCTION(sqlite_rename_column,  9, 0, 0, renameColumnFunc),
-    FUNCTION(sqlite_rename_table,  7, 0, 0, renameTableFunc),
-    FUNCTION(sqlite_rename_test,  5, 0, 0, renameTableTest),
+    INTERNAL_FUNCTION(sqlite_rename_column, 9, renameColumnFunc),
+    INTERNAL_FUNCTION(sqlite_rename_table,  7, renameTableFunc),
+    INTERNAL_FUNCTION(sqlite_rename_test,   5, renameTableTest),
   };
   sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(aAlterTableFuncs, ArraySize(aAlterTableFuncs));
 }
@@ -102768,13 +108047,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void){
 ** is between 3.6.18 and 3.7.8, inclusive, and unless SQLite is compiled
 ** with SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2.  The sqlite_stat2 table is deprecated.
 ** The sqlite_stat2 table is superseded by sqlite_stat3, which is only
-** created and used by SQLite versions 3.7.9 and later and with
+** created and used by SQLite versions 3.7.9 through 3.29.0 when
 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3 defined.  The functionality of sqlite_stat3
-** is a superset of sqlite_stat2.  The sqlite_stat4 is an enhanced
-** version of sqlite_stat3 and is only available when compiled with
-** SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 and in SQLite versions 3.8.1 and later.  It is
-** not possible to enable both STAT3 and STAT4 at the same time.  If they
-** are both enabled, then STAT4 takes precedence.
+** is a superset of sqlite_stat2 and is also now deprecated.  The
+** sqlite_stat4 is an enhanced version of sqlite_stat3 and is only
+** available when compiled with SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 and in SQLite
+** versions 3.8.1 and later.  STAT4 is the only variant that is still
+** supported.
 **
 ** For most applications, sqlite_stat1 provides all the statistics required
 ** for the query planner to make good choices.
@@ -102790,7 +108069,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void){
 ** integer is the average number of rows in the index that have the same
 ** value in the first column of the index.  The third integer is the average
 ** number of rows in the index that have the same value for the first two
-** columns.  The N-th integer (for N>1) is the average number of rows in 
+** columns.  The N-th integer (for N>1) is the average number of rows in
 ** the index which have the same value for the first N-1 columns.  For
 ** a K-column index, there will be K+1 integers in the stat column.  If
 ** the index is unique, then the last integer will be 1.
@@ -102800,7 +108079,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void){
 ** must be separated from the last integer by a single space.  If the
 ** "unordered" keyword is present, then the query planner assumes that
 ** the index is unordered and will not use the index for a range query.
-** 
+**
 ** If the sqlite_stat1.idx column is NULL, then the sqlite_stat1.stat
 ** column contains a single integer which is the (estimated) number of
 ** rows in the table identified by sqlite_stat1.tbl.
@@ -102858,9 +108137,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void){
 ** number of entries that are strictly less than the sample.  The first
 ** integer in nLt contains the number of entries in the index where the
 ** left-most column is less than the left-most column of the sample.
-** The K-th integer in the nLt entry is the number of index entries 
+** The K-th integer in the nLt entry is the number of index entries
 ** where the first K columns are less than the first K columns of the
-** sample.  The nDLt column is like nLt except that it contains the 
+** sample.  The nDLt column is like nLt except that it contains the
 ** number of distinct entries in the index that are less than the
 ** sample.
 **
@@ -102885,17 +108164,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void){
 
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4)
 # define IsStat4     1
-# define IsStat3     0
-#elif defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3)
-# define IsStat4     0
-# define IsStat3     1
 #else
 # define IsStat4     0
-# define IsStat3     0
 # undef SQLITE_STAT4_SAMPLES
 # define SQLITE_STAT4_SAMPLES 1
 #endif
-#define IsStat34    (IsStat3+IsStat4)  /* 1 for STAT3 or STAT4. 0 otherwise */
 
 /*
 ** This routine generates code that opens the sqlite_statN tables.
@@ -102924,21 +108197,22 @@ static void openStatTable(
     { "sqlite_stat1", "tbl,idx,stat" },
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4)
     { "sqlite_stat4", "tbl,idx,neq,nlt,ndlt,sample" },
-    { "sqlite_stat3", 0 },
-#elif defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3)
-    { "sqlite_stat3", "tbl,idx,neq,nlt,ndlt,sample" },
-    { "sqlite_stat4", 0 },
 #else
-    { "sqlite_stat3", 0 },
     { "sqlite_stat4", 0 },
 #endif
+    { "sqlite_stat3", 0 },
   };
   int i;
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   Db *pDb;
   Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  int aRoot[ArraySize(aTable)];
+  u32 aRoot[ArraySize(aTable)];
   u8 aCreateTbl[ArraySize(aTable)];
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+  const int nToOpen = OptimizationEnabled(db,SQLITE_Stat4) ? 2 : 1;
+#else
+  const int nToOpen = 1;
+#endif
 
   if( v==0 ) return;
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(db) );
@@ -102951,24 +108225,24 @@ static void openStatTable(
   for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aTable); i++){
     const char *zTab = aTable[i].zName;
     Table *pStat;
+    aCreateTbl[i] = 0;
     if( (pStat = sqlite3FindTable(db, zTab, pDb->zDbSName))==0 ){
-      if( aTable[i].zCols ){
-        /* The sqlite_statN table does not exist. Create it. Note that a 
-        ** side-effect of the CREATE TABLE statement is to leave the rootpage 
-        ** of the new table in register pParse->regRoot. This is important 
+      if( i<nToOpen ){
+        /* The sqlite_statN table does not exist. Create it. Note that a
+        ** side-effect of the CREATE TABLE statement is to leave the rootpage
+        ** of the new table in register pParse->regRoot. This is important
         ** because the OpenWrite opcode below will be needing it. */
         sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
             "CREATE TABLE %Q.%s(%s)", pDb->zDbSName, zTab, aTable[i].zCols
         );
-        aRoot[i] = pParse->regRoot;
+        aRoot[i] = (u32)pParse->regRoot;
         aCreateTbl[i] = OPFLAG_P2ISREG;
       }
     }else{
-      /* The table already exists. If zWhere is not NULL, delete all entries 
+      /* The table already exists. If zWhere is not NULL, delete all entries
       ** associated with the table zWhere. If zWhere is NULL, delete the
       ** entire contents of the table. */
       aRoot[i] = pStat->tnum;
-      aCreateTbl[i] = 0;
       sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, aRoot[i], 1, zTab);
       if( zWhere ){
         sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
@@ -102981,15 +108255,15 @@ static void openStatTable(
 #endif
       }else{
         /* The sqlite_stat[134] table already exists.  Delete all rows. */
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Clear, aRoot[i], iDb);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Clear, (int)aRoot[i], iDb);
       }
     }
   }
 
   /* Open the sqlite_stat[134] tables for writing. */
-  for(i=0; aTable[i].zCols; i++){
+  for(i=0; i<nToOpen; i++){
     assert( i<ArraySize(aTable) );
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_OpenWrite, iStatCur+i, aRoot[i], iDb, 3);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_OpenWrite, iStatCur+i, (int)aRoot[i], iDb, 3);
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, aCreateTbl[i]);
     VdbeComment((v, aTable[i].zName));
   }
@@ -103007,12 +108281,12 @@ static void openStatTable(
 ** share an instance of the following structure to hold their state
 ** information.
 */
-typedef struct Stat4Accum Stat4Accum;
-typedef struct Stat4Sample Stat4Sample;
-struct Stat4Sample {
+typedef struct StatAccum StatAccum;
+typedef struct StatSample StatSample;
+struct StatSample {
   tRowcnt *anEq;                  /* sqlite_stat4.nEq */
   tRowcnt *anDLt;                 /* sqlite_stat4.nDLt */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   tRowcnt *anLt;                  /* sqlite_stat4.nLt */
   union {
     i64 iRowid;                     /* Rowid in main table of the key */
@@ -103023,28 +108297,33 @@ struct Stat4Sample {
   int iCol;                       /* If !isPSample, the reason for inclusion */
   u32 iHash;                      /* Tiebreaker hash */
 #endif
-};                                                    
-struct Stat4Accum {
-  tRowcnt nRow;             /* Number of rows in the entire table */
-  tRowcnt nPSample;         /* How often to do a periodic sample */
+};
+struct StatAccum {
+  sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection, for malloc() */
+  tRowcnt nEst;             /* Estimated number of rows */
+  tRowcnt nRow;             /* Number of rows visited so far */
+  int nLimit;               /* Analysis row-scan limit */
   int nCol;                 /* Number of columns in index + pk/rowid */
   int nKeyCol;              /* Number of index columns w/o the pk/rowid */
+  u8 nSkipAhead;            /* Number of times of skip-ahead */
+  StatSample current;       /* Current row as a StatSample */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+  tRowcnt nPSample;         /* How often to do a periodic sample */
   int mxSample;             /* Maximum number of samples to accumulate */
-  Stat4Sample current;      /* Current row as a Stat4Sample */
   u32 iPrn;                 /* Pseudo-random number used for sampling */
-  Stat4Sample *aBest;       /* Array of nCol best samples */
+  StatSample *aBest;        /* Array of nCol best samples */
   int iMin;                 /* Index in a[] of entry with minimum score */
   int nSample;              /* Current number of samples */
   int nMaxEqZero;           /* Max leading 0 in anEq[] for any a[] entry */
   int iGet;                 /* Index of current sample accessed by stat_get() */
-  Stat4Sample *a;           /* Array of mxSample Stat4Sample objects */
-  sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection, for malloc() */
+  StatSample *a;            /* Array of mxSample StatSample objects */
+#endif
 };
 
-/* Reclaim memory used by a Stat4Sample
+/* Reclaim memory used by a StatSample
 */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-static void sampleClear(sqlite3 *db, Stat4Sample *p){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+static void sampleClear(sqlite3 *db, StatSample *p){
   assert( db!=0 );
   if( p->nRowid ){
     sqlite3DbFree(db, p->u.aRowid);
@@ -103055,8 +108334,8 @@ static void sampleClear(sqlite3 *db, Stat4Sample *p){
 
 /* Initialize the BLOB value of a ROWID
 */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-static void sampleSetRowid(sqlite3 *db, Stat4Sample *p, int n, const u8 *pData){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+static void sampleSetRowid(sqlite3 *db, StatSample *p, int n, const u8 *pData){
   assert( db!=0 );
   if( p->nRowid ) sqlite3DbFree(db, p->u.aRowid);
   p->u.aRowid = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, n);
@@ -103071,8 +108350,8 @@ static void sampleSetRowid(sqlite3 *db, Stat4Sample *p, int n, const u8 *pData){
 
 /* Initialize the INTEGER value of a ROWID.
 */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-static void sampleSetRowidInt64(sqlite3 *db, Stat4Sample *p, i64 iRowid){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+static void sampleSetRowidInt64(sqlite3 *db, StatSample *p, i64 iRowid){
   assert( db!=0 );
   if( p->nRowid ) sqlite3DbFree(db, p->u.aRowid);
   p->nRowid = 0;
@@ -103084,8 +108363,8 @@ static void sampleSetRowidInt64(sqlite3 *db, Stat4Sample *p, i64 iRowid){
 /*
 ** Copy the contents of object (*pFrom) into (*pTo).
 */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-static void sampleCopy(Stat4Accum *p, Stat4Sample *pTo, Stat4Sample *pFrom){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+static void sampleCopy(StatAccum *p, StatSample *pTo, StatSample *pFrom){
   pTo->isPSample = pFrom->isPSample;
   pTo->iCol = pFrom->iCol;
   pTo->iHash = pFrom->iHash;
@@ -103101,40 +108380,41 @@ static void sampleCopy(Stat4Accum *p, Stat4Sample *pTo, Stat4Sample *pFrom){
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Reclaim all memory of a Stat4Accum structure.
+** Reclaim all memory of a StatAccum structure.
 */
-static void stat4Destructor(void *pOld){
-  Stat4Accum *p = (Stat4Accum*)pOld;
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-  int i;
-  for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++) sampleClear(p->db, p->aBest+i);
-  for(i=0; i<p->mxSample; i++) sampleClear(p->db, p->a+i);
-  sampleClear(p->db, &p->current);
+static void statAccumDestructor(void *pOld){
+  StatAccum *p = (StatAccum*)pOld;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+  if( p->mxSample ){
+    int i;
+    for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++) sampleClear(p->db, p->aBest+i);
+    for(i=0; i<p->mxSample; i++) sampleClear(p->db, p->a+i);
+    sampleClear(p->db, &p->current);
+  }
 #endif
   sqlite3DbFree(p->db, p);
 }
 
 /*
-** Implementation of the stat_init(N,K,C) SQL function. The three parameters
+** Implementation of the stat_init(N,K,C,L) SQL function. The four parameters
 ** are:
 **     N:    The number of columns in the index including the rowid/pk (note 1)
 **     K:    The number of columns in the index excluding the rowid/pk.
-**     C:    The number of rows in the index (note 2)
+**     C:    Estimated number of rows in the index
+**     L:    A limit on the number of rows to scan, or 0 for no-limit
 **
 ** Note 1:  In the special case of the covering index that implements a
 ** WITHOUT ROWID table, N is the number of PRIMARY KEY columns, not the
 ** total number of columns in the table.
 **
-** Note 2:  C is only used for STAT3 and STAT4.
-**
 ** For indexes on ordinary rowid tables, N==K+1.  But for indexes on
 ** WITHOUT ROWID tables, N=K+P where P is the number of columns in the
 ** PRIMARY KEY of the table.  The covering index that implements the
 ** original WITHOUT ROWID table as N==K as a special case.
 **
-** This routine allocates the Stat4Accum object in heap memory. The return 
-** value is a pointer to the Stat4Accum object.  The datatype of the
-** return value is BLOB, but it is really just a pointer to the Stat4Accum
+** This routine allocates the StatAccum object in heap memory. The return
+** value is a pointer to the StatAccum object.  The datatype of the
+** return value is BLOB, but it is really just a pointer to the StatAccum
 ** object.
 */
 static void statInit(
@@ -103142,14 +108422,15 @@ static void statInit(
   int argc,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
-  Stat4Accum *p;
+  StatAccum *p;
   int nCol;                       /* Number of columns in index being sampled */
   int nKeyCol;                    /* Number of key columns */
   int nColUp;                     /* nCol rounded up for alignment */
   int n;                          /* Bytes of space to allocate */
-  sqlite3 *db;                    /* Database connection */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-  int mxSample = SQLITE_STAT4_SAMPLES;
+  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);   /* Database connection */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+  /* Maximum number of samples.  0 if STAT4 data is not collected */
+  int mxSample = OptimizationEnabled(db,SQLITE_Stat4) ?SQLITE_STAT4_SAMPLES :0;
 #endif
 
   /* Decode the three function arguments */
@@ -103161,16 +108442,17 @@ static void statInit(
   assert( nKeyCol<=nCol );
   assert( nKeyCol>0 );
 
-  /* Allocate the space required for the Stat4Accum object */
-  n = sizeof(*p) 
-    + sizeof(tRowcnt)*nColUp                  /* Stat4Accum.anEq */
-    + sizeof(tRowcnt)*nColUp                  /* Stat4Accum.anDLt */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-    + sizeof(tRowcnt)*nColUp                  /* Stat4Accum.anLt */
-    + sizeof(Stat4Sample)*(nCol+mxSample)     /* Stat4Accum.aBest[], a[] */
-    + sizeof(tRowcnt)*3*nColUp*(nCol+mxSample)
+  /* Allocate the space required for the StatAccum object */
+  n = sizeof(*p)
+    + sizeof(tRowcnt)*nColUp                  /* StatAccum.anEq */
+    + sizeof(tRowcnt)*nColUp;                 /* StatAccum.anDLt */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+  if( mxSample ){
+    n += sizeof(tRowcnt)*nColUp                  /* StatAccum.anLt */
+      + sizeof(StatSample)*(nCol+mxSample)       /* StatAccum.aBest[], a[] */
+      + sizeof(tRowcnt)*3*nColUp*(nCol+mxSample);
+  }
 #endif
-  ;
   db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
   p = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, n);
   if( p==0 ){
@@ -103179,25 +108461,28 @@ static void statInit(
   }
 
   p->db = db;
+  p->nEst = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[2]);
   p->nRow = 0;
+  p->nLimit = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[3]);
   p->nCol = nCol;
   p->nKeyCol = nKeyCol;
+  p->nSkipAhead = 0;
   p->current.anDLt = (tRowcnt*)&p[1];
   p->current.anEq = &p->current.anDLt[nColUp];
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-  {
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+  p->mxSample = p->nLimit==0 ? mxSample : 0;
+  if( mxSample ){
     u8 *pSpace;                     /* Allocated space not yet assigned */
     int i;                          /* Used to iterate through p->aSample[] */
 
     p->iGet = -1;
-    p->mxSample = mxSample;
-    p->nPSample = (tRowcnt)(sqlite3_value_int64(argv[2])/(mxSample/3+1) + 1);
+    p->nPSample = (tRowcnt)(p->nEst/(mxSample/3+1) + 1);
     p->current.anLt = &p->current.anEq[nColUp];
     p->iPrn = 0x689e962d*(u32)nCol ^ 0xd0944565*(u32)sqlite3_value_int(argv[2]);
-  
-    /* Set up the Stat4Accum.a[] and aBest[] arrays */
-    p->a = (struct Stat4Sample*)&p->current.anLt[nColUp];
+
+    /* Set up the StatAccum.a[] and aBest[] arrays */
+    p->a = (struct StatSample*)&p->current.anLt[nColUp];
     p->aBest = &p->a[mxSample];
     pSpace = (u8*)(&p->a[mxSample+nCol]);
     for(i=0; i<(mxSample+nCol); i++){
@@ -103206,7 +108491,7 @@ static void statInit(
       p->a[i].anDLt = (tRowcnt *)pSpace; pSpace += (sizeof(tRowcnt) * nColUp);
     }
     assert( (pSpace - (u8*)p)==n );
-  
+
     for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
       p->aBest[i].iCol = i;
     }
@@ -103217,10 +108502,10 @@ static void statInit(
   ** only the pointer (the 2nd parameter) matters.  The size of the object
   ** (given by the 3rd parameter) is never used and can be any positive
   ** value. */
-  sqlite3_result_blob(context, p, sizeof(*p), stat4Destructor);
+  sqlite3_result_blob(context, p, sizeof(*p), statAccumDestructor);
 }
 static const FuncDef statInitFuncdef = {
-  2+IsStat34,      /* nArg */
+  4,               /* nArg */
   SQLITE_UTF8,     /* funcFlags */
   0,               /* pUserData */
   0,               /* pNext */
@@ -103233,20 +108518,20 @@ static const FuncDef statInitFuncdef = {
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
 /*
-** pNew and pOld are both candidate non-periodic samples selected for 
-** the same column (pNew->iCol==pOld->iCol). Ignoring this column and 
+** pNew and pOld are both candidate non-periodic samples selected for
+** the same column (pNew->iCol==pOld->iCol). Ignoring this column and
 ** considering only any trailing columns and the sample hash value, this
 ** function returns true if sample pNew is to be preferred over pOld.
 ** In other words, if we assume that the cardinalities of the selected
 ** column for pNew and pOld are equal, is pNew to be preferred over pOld.
 **
 ** This function assumes that for each argument sample, the contents of
-** the anEq[] array from pSample->anEq[pSample->iCol+1] onwards are valid. 
+** the anEq[] array from pSample->anEq[pSample->iCol+1] onwards are valid.
 */
 static int sampleIsBetterPost(
-  Stat4Accum *pAccum, 
-  Stat4Sample *pNew, 
-  Stat4Sample *pOld
+  StatAccum *pAccum,
+  StatSample *pNew,
+  StatSample *pOld
 ){
   int nCol = pAccum->nCol;
   int i;
@@ -103260,17 +108545,17 @@ static int sampleIsBetterPost(
 }
 #endif
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
 /*
 ** Return true if pNew is to be preferred over pOld.
 **
 ** This function assumes that for each argument sample, the contents of
-** the anEq[] array from pSample->anEq[pSample->iCol] onwards are valid. 
+** the anEq[] array from pSample->anEq[pSample->iCol] onwards are valid.
 */
 static int sampleIsBetter(
-  Stat4Accum *pAccum, 
-  Stat4Sample *pNew, 
-  Stat4Sample *pOld
+  StatAccum *pAccum,
+  StatSample *pNew,
+  StatSample *pOld
 ){
   tRowcnt nEqNew = pNew->anEq[pNew->iCol];
   tRowcnt nEqOld = pOld->anEq[pOld->iCol];
@@ -103279,46 +108564,41 @@ static int sampleIsBetter(
   assert( IsStat4 || (pNew->iCol==0 && pOld->iCol==0) );
 
   if( (nEqNew>nEqOld) ) return 1;
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   if( nEqNew==nEqOld ){
     if( pNew->iCol<pOld->iCol ) return 1;
     return (pNew->iCol==pOld->iCol && sampleIsBetterPost(pAccum, pNew, pOld));
   }
   return 0;
-#else
-  return (nEqNew==nEqOld && pNew->iHash>pOld->iHash);
-#endif
 }
 
 /*
 ** Copy the contents of sample *pNew into the p->a[] array. If necessary,
 ** remove the least desirable sample from p->a[] to make room.
 */
-static void sampleInsert(Stat4Accum *p, Stat4Sample *pNew, int nEqZero){
-  Stat4Sample *pSample = 0;
+static void sampleInsert(StatAccum *p, StatSample *pNew, int nEqZero){
+  StatSample *pSample = 0;
   int i;
 
   assert( IsStat4 || nEqZero==0 );
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
-  /* Stat4Accum.nMaxEqZero is set to the maximum number of leading 0
-  ** values in the anEq[] array of any sample in Stat4Accum.a[]. In
+  /* StatAccum.nMaxEqZero is set to the maximum number of leading 0
+  ** values in the anEq[] array of any sample in StatAccum.a[]. In
   ** other words, if nMaxEqZero is n, then it is guaranteed that there
-  ** are no samples with Stat4Sample.anEq[m]==0 for (m>=n). */
+  ** are no samples with StatSample.anEq[m]==0 for (m>=n). */
   if( nEqZero>p->nMaxEqZero ){
     p->nMaxEqZero = nEqZero;
   }
   if( pNew->isPSample==0 ){
-    Stat4Sample *pUpgrade = 0;
+    StatSample *pUpgrade = 0;
     assert( pNew->anEq[pNew->iCol]>0 );
 
-    /* This sample is being added because the prefix that ends in column 
+    /* This sample is being added because the prefix that ends in column
     ** iCol occurs many times in the table. However, if we have already
     ** added a sample that shares this prefix, there is no need to add
     ** this one. Instead, upgrade the priority of the highest priority
     ** existing sample that shares this prefix.  */
     for(i=p->nSample-1; i>=0; i--){
-      Stat4Sample *pOld = &p->a[i];
+      StatSample *pOld = &p->a[i];
       if( pOld->anEq[pNew->iCol]==0 ){
         if( pOld->isPSample ) return;
         assert( pOld->iCol>pNew->iCol );
@@ -103334,11 +108614,10 @@ static void sampleInsert(Stat4Accum *p, Stat4Sample *pNew, int nEqZero){
       goto find_new_min;
     }
   }
-#endif
 
   /* If necessary, remove sample iMin to make room for the new sample. */
   if( p->nSample>=p->mxSample ){
-    Stat4Sample *pMin = &p->a[p->iMin];
+    StatSample *pMin = &p->a[p->iMin];
     tRowcnt *anEq = pMin->anEq;
     tRowcnt *anLt = pMin->anLt;
     tRowcnt *anDLt = pMin->anDLt;
@@ -103355,10 +108634,8 @@ static void sampleInsert(Stat4Accum *p, Stat4Sample *pNew, int nEqZero){
   /* The "rows less-than" for the rowid column must be greater than that
   ** for the last sample in the p->a[] array. Otherwise, the samples would
   ** be out of order. */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
-  assert( p->nSample==0 
+  assert( p->nSample==0
        || pNew->anLt[p->nCol-1] > p->a[p->nSample-1].anLt[p->nCol-1] );
-#endif
 
   /* Insert the new sample */
   pSample = &p->a[p->nSample];
@@ -103368,9 +108645,7 @@ static void sampleInsert(Stat4Accum *p, Stat4Sample *pNew, int nEqZero){
   /* Zero the first nEqZero entries in the anEq[] array. */
   memset(pSample->anEq, 0, sizeof(tRowcnt)*nEqZero);
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
- find_new_min:
-#endif
+find_new_min:
   if( p->nSample>=p->mxSample ){
     int iMin = -1;
     for(i=0; i<p->mxSample; i++){
@@ -103383,22 +108658,22 @@ static void sampleInsert(Stat4Accum *p, Stat4Sample *pNew, int nEqZero){
     p->iMin = iMin;
   }
 }
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 */
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
 /*
 ** Field iChng of the index being scanned has changed. So at this point
 ** p->current contains a sample that reflects the previous row of the
 ** index. The value of anEq[iChng] and subsequent anEq[] elements are
 ** correct at this point.
 */
-static void samplePushPrevious(Stat4Accum *p, int iChng){
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+static void samplePushPrevious(StatAccum *p, int iChng){
   int i;
 
   /* Check if any samples from the aBest[] array should be pushed
   ** into IndexSample.a[] at this point.  */
   for(i=(p->nCol-2); i>=iChng; i--){
-    Stat4Sample *pBest = &p->aBest[i];
+    StatSample *pBest = &p->aBest[i];
     pBest->anEq[i] = p->current.anEq[i];
     if( p->nSample<p->mxSample || sampleIsBetter(p, pBest, &p->a[p->iMin]) ){
       sampleInsert(p, pBest, i);
@@ -103422,50 +108697,27 @@ static void samplePushPrevious(Stat4Accum *p, int iChng){
     }
     p->nMaxEqZero = iChng;
   }
-#endif
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4)
-  if( iChng==0 ){
-    tRowcnt nLt = p->current.anLt[0];
-    tRowcnt nEq = p->current.anEq[0];
-
-    /* Check if this is to be a periodic sample. If so, add it. */
-    if( (nLt/p->nPSample)!=(nLt+nEq)/p->nPSample ){
-      p->current.isPSample = 1;
-      sampleInsert(p, &p->current, 0);
-      p->current.isPSample = 0;
-    }else 
-
-    /* Or if it is a non-periodic sample. Add it in this case too. */
-    if( p->nSample<p->mxSample 
-     || sampleIsBetter(p, &p->current, &p->a[p->iMin]) 
-    ){
-      sampleInsert(p, &p->current, 0);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER( p );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER( iChng );
-#endif
 }
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */
 
 /*
 ** Implementation of the stat_push SQL function:  stat_push(P,C,R)
 ** Arguments:
 **
-**    P     Pointer to the Stat4Accum object created by stat_init()
+**    P     Pointer to the StatAccum object created by stat_init()
 **    C     Index of left-most column to differ from previous row
 **    R     Rowid for the current row.  Might be a key record for
 **          WITHOUT ROWID tables.
 **
-** This SQL function always returns NULL.  It's purpose it to accumulate
-** statistical data and/or samples in the Stat4Accum object about the
-** index being analyzed.  The stat_get() SQL function will later be used to
-** extract relevant information for constructing the sqlite_statN tables.
+** The purpose of this routine is to collect statistical data and/or
+** samples from the index being analyzed into the StatAccum object.
+** The stat_get() SQL function will be used afterwards to
+** retrieve the information gathered.
 **
-** The R parameter is only used for STAT3 and STAT4
+** This SQL function usually returns NULL, but might return an integer
+** if it wants the byte-code to do special processing.
+**
+** The R parameter is only used for STAT4
 */
 static void statPush(
   sqlite3_context *context,
@@ -103475,7 +108727,7 @@ static void statPush(
   int i;
 
   /* The three function arguments */
-  Stat4Accum *p = (Stat4Accum*)sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
+  StatAccum *p = (StatAccum*)sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
   int iChng = sqlite3_value_int(argv[1]);
 
   UNUSED_PARAMETER( argc );
@@ -103488,7 +108740,9 @@ static void statPush(
     for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++) p->current.anEq[i] = 1;
   }else{
     /* Second and subsequent calls get processed here */
-    samplePushPrevious(p, iChng);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+    if( p->mxSample ) samplePushPrevious(p, iChng);
+#endif
 
     /* Update anDLt[], anLt[] and anEq[] to reflect the values that apply
     ** to the current row of the index. */
@@ -103497,27 +108751,26 @@ static void statPush(
     }
     for(i=iChng; i<p->nCol; i++){
       p->current.anDLt[i]++;
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-      p->current.anLt[i] += p->current.anEq[i];
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+      if( p->mxSample ) p->current.anLt[i] += p->current.anEq[i];
 #endif
       p->current.anEq[i] = 1;
     }
   }
-  p->nRow++;
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[2])==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
-    sampleSetRowidInt64(p->db, &p->current, sqlite3_value_int64(argv[2]));
-  }else{
-    sampleSetRowid(p->db, &p->current, sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[2]),
-                                       sqlite3_value_blob(argv[2]));
-  }
-  p->current.iHash = p->iPrn = p->iPrn*1103515245 + 12345;
-#endif
 
+  p->nRow++;
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
-  {
-    tRowcnt nLt = p->current.anLt[p->nCol-1];
+  if( p->mxSample ){
+    tRowcnt nLt;
+    if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[2])==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
+      sampleSetRowidInt64(p->db, &p->current, sqlite3_value_int64(argv[2]));
+    }else{
+      sampleSetRowid(p->db, &p->current, sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[2]),
+                                         sqlite3_value_blob(argv[2]));
+    }
+    p->current.iHash = p->iPrn = p->iPrn*1103515245 + 12345;
 
+    nLt = p->current.anLt[p->nCol-1];
     /* Check if this is to be a periodic sample. If so, add it. */
     if( (nLt/p->nPSample)!=(nLt+1)/p->nPSample ){
       p->current.isPSample = 1;
@@ -103533,11 +108786,16 @@ static void statPush(
         sampleCopy(p, &p->aBest[i], &p->current);
       }
     }
-  }
+  }else
 #endif
+  if( p->nLimit && p->nRow>(tRowcnt)p->nLimit*(p->nSkipAhead+1) ){
+    p->nSkipAhead++;
+    sqlite3_result_int(context, p->current.anDLt[0]>0);
+  }
 }
+
 static const FuncDef statPushFuncdef = {
-  2+IsStat34,      /* nArg */
+  2+IsStat4,       /* nArg */
   SQLITE_UTF8,     /* funcFlags */
   0,               /* pUserData */
   0,               /* pNext */
@@ -103557,18 +108815,18 @@ static const FuncDef statPushFuncdef = {
 /*
 ** Implementation of the stat_get(P,J) SQL function.  This routine is
 ** used to query statistical information that has been gathered into
-** the Stat4Accum object by prior calls to stat_push().  The P parameter
-** has type BLOB but it is really just a pointer to the Stat4Accum object.
+** the StatAccum object by prior calls to stat_push().  The P parameter
+** has type BLOB but it is really just a pointer to the StatAccum object.
 ** The content to returned is determined by the parameter J
 ** which is one of the STAT_GET_xxxx values defined above.
 **
 ** The stat_get(P,J) function is not available to generic SQL.  It is
 ** inserted as part of a manually constructed bytecode program.  (See
 ** the callStatGet() routine below.)  It is guaranteed that the P
-** parameter will always be a poiner to a Stat4Accum object, never a
+** parameter will always be a pointer to a StatAccum object, never a
 ** NULL.
 **
-** If neither STAT3 nor STAT4 are enabled, then J is always
+** If STAT4 is not enabled, then J is always
 ** STAT_GET_STAT1 and is hence omitted and this routine becomes
 ** a one-parameter function, stat_get(P), that always returns the
 ** stat1 table entry information.
@@ -103578,15 +108836,16 @@ static void statGet(
   int argc,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
-  Stat4Accum *p = (Stat4Accum*)sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-  /* STAT3 and STAT4 have a parameter on this routine. */
+  StatAccum *p = (StatAccum*)sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+  /* STAT4 has a parameter on this routine. */
   int eCall = sqlite3_value_int(argv[1]);
   assert( argc==2 );
-  assert( eCall==STAT_GET_STAT1 || eCall==STAT_GET_NEQ 
+  assert( eCall==STAT_GET_STAT1 || eCall==STAT_GET_NEQ
        || eCall==STAT_GET_ROWID || eCall==STAT_GET_NLT
-       || eCall==STAT_GET_NDLT 
+       || eCall==STAT_GET_NDLT
   );
+  assert( eCall==STAT_GET_STAT1 || p->mxSample );
   if( eCall==STAT_GET_STAT1 )
 #else
   assert( argc==1 );
@@ -103595,20 +108854,20 @@ static void statGet(
     /* Return the value to store in the "stat" column of the sqlite_stat1
     ** table for this index.
     **
-    ** The value is a string composed of a list of integers describing 
-    ** the index. The first integer in the list is the total number of 
-    ** entries in the index. There is one additional integer in the list 
+    ** The value is a string composed of a list of integers describing
+    ** the index. The first integer in the list is the total number of
+    ** entries in the index. There is one additional integer in the list
     ** for each indexed column. This additional integer is an estimate of
-    ** the number of rows matched by a stabbing query on the index using
+    ** the number of rows matched by a equality query on the index using
     ** a key with the corresponding number of fields. In other words,
-    ** if the index is on columns (a,b) and the sqlite_stat1 value is 
+    ** if the index is on columns (a,b) and the sqlite_stat1 value is
     ** "100 10 2", then SQLite estimates that:
     **
     **   * the index contains 100 rows,
     **   * "WHERE a=?" matches 10 rows, and
     **   * "WHERE a=? AND b=?" matches 2 rows.
     **
-    ** If D is the count of distinct values and K is the total number of 
+    ** If D is the count of distinct values and K is the total number of
     ** rows, then each estimate is computed as:
     **
     **        I = (K+D-1)/D
@@ -103622,7 +108881,8 @@ static void statGet(
       return;
     }
 
-    sqlite3_snprintf(24, zRet, "%llu", (u64)p->nRow);
+    sqlite3_snprintf(24, zRet, "%llu",
+        p->nSkipAhead ? (u64)p->nEst : (u64)p->nRow);
     z = zRet + sqlite3Strlen30(zRet);
     for(i=0; i<p->nKeyCol; i++){
       u64 nDistinct = p->current.anDLt[i] + 1;
@@ -103635,14 +108895,14 @@ static void statGet(
 
     sqlite3_result_text(context, zRet, -1, sqlite3_free);
   }
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   else if( eCall==STAT_GET_ROWID ){
     if( p->iGet<0 ){
       samplePushPrevious(p, 0);
       p->iGet = 0;
     }
     if( p->iGet<p->nSample ){
-      Stat4Sample *pS = p->a + p->iGet;
+      StatSample *pS = p->a + p->iGet;
       if( pS->nRowid==0 ){
         sqlite3_result_int64(context, pS->u.iRowid);
       }else{
@@ -103658,15 +108918,13 @@ static void statGet(
       case STAT_GET_NEQ:  aCnt = p->a[p->iGet].anEq; break;
       case STAT_GET_NLT:  aCnt = p->a[p->iGet].anLt; break;
       default: {
-        aCnt = p->a[p->iGet].anDLt; 
+        aCnt = p->a[p->iGet].anDLt;
         p->iGet++;
         break;
       }
     }
 
-    if( IsStat3 ){
-      sqlite3_result_int64(context, (i64)aCnt[0]);
-    }else{
+    {
       char *zRet = sqlite3MallocZero(p->nCol * 25);
       if( zRet==0 ){
         sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
@@ -103683,13 +108941,13 @@ static void statGet(
       }
     }
   }
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 */
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_DEBUG
   UNUSED_PARAMETER( argc );
 #endif
 }
 static const FuncDef statGetFuncdef = {
-  1+IsStat34,      /* nArg */
+  1+IsStat4,       /* nArg */
   SQLITE_UTF8,     /* funcFlags */
   0,               /* pUserData */
   0,               /* pNext */
@@ -103700,20 +108958,43 @@ static const FuncDef statGetFuncdef = {
   {0}
 };
 
-static void callStatGet(Vdbe *v, int regStat4, int iParam, int regOut){
-  assert( regOut!=regStat4 && regOut!=regStat4+1 );
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, iParam, regStat4+1);
+static void callStatGet(Parse *pParse, int regStat, int iParam, int regOut){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Integer, iParam, regStat+1);
 #elif SQLITE_DEBUG
   assert( iParam==STAT_GET_STAT1 );
 #else
   UNUSED_PARAMETER( iParam );
 #endif
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Function0, 0, regStat4, regOut,
-                    (char*)&statGetFuncdef, P4_FUNCDEF);
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1 + IsStat34);
+  assert( regOut!=regStat && regOut!=regStat+1 );
+  sqlite3VdbeAddFunctionCall(pParse, 0, regStat, regOut, 1+IsStat4,
+                             &statGetFuncdef, 0);
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
+/* Add a comment to the most recent VDBE opcode that is the name
+** of the k-th column of the pIdx index.
+*/
+static void analyzeVdbeCommentIndexWithColumnName(
+  Vdbe *v,         /* Prepared statement under construction */
+  Index *pIdx,     /* Index whose column is being loaded */
+  int k            /* Which column index */
+){
+  int i;           /* Index of column in the table */
+  assert( k>=0 && k<pIdx->nColumn );
+  i = pIdx->aiColumn[k];
+  if( NEVER(i==XN_ROWID) ){
+    VdbeComment((v,"%s.rowid",pIdx->zName));
+  }else if( i==XN_EXPR ){
+    VdbeComment((v,"%s.expr(%d)",pIdx->zName, k));
+  }else{
+    VdbeComment((v,"%s.%s", pIdx->zName, pIdx->pTable->aCol[i].zName));
+  }
+}
+#else
+# define analyzeVdbeCommentIndexWithColumnName(a,b,c)
+#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
+
 /*
 ** Generate code to do an analysis of all indices associated with
 ** a single table.
@@ -103736,18 +109017,17 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
   int iDb;                     /* Index of database containing pTab */
   u8 needTableCnt = 1;         /* True to count the table */
   int regNewRowid = iMem++;    /* Rowid for the inserted record */
-  int regStat4 = iMem++;       /* Register to hold Stat4Accum object */
+  int regStat = iMem++;        /* Register to hold StatAccum object */
   int regChng = iMem++;        /* Index of changed index field */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
   int regRowid = iMem++;       /* Rowid argument passed to stat_push() */
-#endif
   int regTemp = iMem++;        /* Temporary use register */
+  int regTemp2 = iMem++;       /* Second temporary use register */
   int regTabname = iMem++;     /* Register containing table name */
   int regIdxname = iMem++;     /* Register containing index name */
   int regStat1 = iMem++;       /* Value for the stat column of sqlite_stat1 */
   int regPrev = iMem;          /* MUST BE LAST (see below) */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
-  Table *pStat1 = 0; 
+  Table *pStat1 = 0;
 #endif
 
   pParse->nMem = MAX(pParse->nMem, iMem);
@@ -103786,7 +109066,7 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
   }
 #endif
 
-  /* Establish a read-lock on the table at the shared-cache level. 
+  /* Establish a read-lock on the table at the shared-cache level.
   ** Open a read-only cursor on the table. Also allocate a cursor number
   ** to use for scanning indexes (iIdxCur). No index cursor is opened at
   ** this time though.  */
@@ -103852,9 +109132,9 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
     **  end_of_scan:
     */
 
-    /* Make sure there are enough memory cells allocated to accommodate 
+    /* Make sure there are enough memory cells allocated to accommodate
     ** the regPrev array and a trailing rowid (the rowid slot is required
-    ** when building a record to insert into the sample column of 
+    ** when building a record to insert into the sample column of
     ** the sqlite_stat4 table.  */
     pParse->nMem = MAX(pParse->nMem, regPrev+nColTest);
 
@@ -103865,23 +109145,31 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
     VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->zName));
 
     /* Invoke the stat_init() function. The arguments are:
-    ** 
+    **
     **    (1) the number of columns in the index including the rowid
     **        (or for a WITHOUT ROWID table, the number of PK columns),
     **    (2) the number of columns in the key without the rowid/pk
-    **    (3) the number of rows in the index,
-    **
-    **
-    ** The third argument is only used for STAT3 and STAT4
+    **    (3) estimated number of rows in the index,
     */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Count, iIdxCur, regStat4+3);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, nCol, regStat+1);
+    assert( regRowid==regStat+2 );
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pIdx->nKeyCol, regRowid);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+    if( OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_Stat4) ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Count, iIdxCur, regTemp);
+      addrRewind = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, iIdxCur);
+      VdbeCoverage(v);
+    }else
 #endif
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, nCol, regStat4+1);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pIdx->nKeyCol, regStat4+2);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Function0, 0, regStat4+1, regStat4,
-                     (char*)&statInitFuncdef, P4_FUNCDEF);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 2+IsStat34);
+    {
+      addrRewind = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, iIdxCur);
+      VdbeCoverage(v);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Count, iIdxCur, regTemp, 1);
+    }
+    assert( regTemp2==regStat+4 );
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, db->nAnalysisLimit, regTemp2);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddFunctionCall(pParse, 0, regStat+1, regStat, 4,
+                               &statInitFuncdef, 0);
 
     /* Implementation of the following:
     **
@@ -103891,13 +109179,11 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
     **   goto next_push_0;
     **
     */
-    addrRewind = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, iIdxCur);
-    VdbeCoverage(v);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regChng);
     addrNextRow = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
 
     if( nColTest>0 ){
-      int endDistinctTest = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+      int endDistinctTest = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
       int *aGotoChng;               /* Array of jump instruction addresses */
       aGotoChng = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(int)*nColTest);
       if( aGotoChng==0 ) continue;
@@ -103916,7 +109202,7 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
       addrNextRow = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
       if( nColTest==1 && pIdx->nKeyCol==1 && IsUniqueIndex(pIdx) ){
         /* For a single-column UNIQUE index, once we have found a non-NULL
-        ** row, we know that all the rest will be distinct, so skip 
+        ** row, we know that all the rest will be distinct, so skip
         ** subsequent distinctness tests. */
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NotNull, regPrev, endDistinctTest);
         VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -103925,15 +109211,16 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
         char *pColl = (char*)sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, pIdx->azColl[i]);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, i, regChng);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iIdxCur, i, regTemp);
-        aGotoChng[i] = 
+        analyzeVdbeCommentIndexWithColumnName(v,pIdx,i);
+        aGotoChng[i] =
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Ne, regTemp, 0, regPrev+i, pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
         sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_NULLEQ);
         VdbeCoverage(v);
       }
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, nColTest, regChng);
       sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, endDistinctTest);
-  
-  
+
+
       /*
       **  chng_addr_0:
       **   regPrev(0) = idx(0)
@@ -103945,44 +109232,60 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
       for(i=0; i<nColTest; i++){
         sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, aGotoChng[i]);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iIdxCur, i, regPrev+i);
+        analyzeVdbeCommentIndexWithColumnName(v,pIdx,i);
       }
       sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endDistinctTest);
       sqlite3DbFree(db, aGotoChng);
     }
-  
+
     /*
     **  chng_addr_N:
-    **   regRowid = idx(rowid)            // STAT34 only
-    **   stat_push(P, regChng, regRowid)  // 3rd parameter STAT34 only
+    **   regRowid = idx(rowid)            // STAT4 only
+    **   stat_push(P, regChng, regRowid)  // 3rd parameter STAT4 only
     **   Next csr
     **   if !eof(csr) goto next_row;
     */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-    assert( regRowid==(regStat4+2) );
-    if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxRowid, iIdxCur, regRowid);
-    }else{
-      Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx->pTable);
-      int j, k, regKey;
-      regKey = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pPk->nKeyCol);
-      for(j=0; j<pPk->nKeyCol; j++){
-        k = sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(pIdx, pPk->aiColumn[j]);
-        assert( k>=0 && k<pIdx->nColumn );
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iIdxCur, k, regKey+j);
-        VdbeComment((v, "%s", pTab->aCol[pPk->aiColumn[j]].zName));
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+    if( OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_Stat4) ){
+      assert( regRowid==(regStat+2) );
+      if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxRowid, iIdxCur, regRowid);
+      }else{
+        Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx->pTable);
+        int j, k, regKey;
+        regKey = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pPk->nKeyCol);
+        for(j=0; j<pPk->nKeyCol; j++){
+          k = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(pIdx, pPk->aiColumn[j]);
+          assert( k>=0 && k<pIdx->nColumn );
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iIdxCur, k, regKey+j);
+          analyzeVdbeCommentIndexWithColumnName(v,pIdx,k);
+        }
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regKey, pPk->nKeyCol, regRowid);
+        sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regKey, pPk->nKeyCol);
       }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regKey, pPk->nKeyCol, regRowid);
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regKey, pPk->nKeyCol);
     }
 #endif
-    assert( regChng==(regStat4+1) );
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Function0, 1, regStat4, regTemp,
-                     (char*)&statPushFuncdef, P4_FUNCDEF);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 2+IsStat34);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iIdxCur, addrNextRow); VdbeCoverage(v);
+    assert( regChng==(regStat+1) );
+    {
+      sqlite3VdbeAddFunctionCall(pParse, 1, regStat, regTemp, 2+IsStat4,
+                                 &statPushFuncdef, 0);
+      if( db->nAnalysisLimit ){
+        int j1, j2, j3;
+        j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, regTemp); VdbeCoverage(v);
+        j2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, regTemp); VdbeCoverage(v);
+        j3 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_SeekGT, iIdxCur, 0, regPrev, 1);
+        VdbeCoverage(v);
+        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iIdxCur, addrNextRow); VdbeCoverage(v);
+        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j2);
+        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j3);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iIdxCur, addrNextRow); VdbeCoverage(v);
+      }
+    }
 
     /* Add the entry to the stat1 table. */
-    callStatGet(v, regStat4, STAT_GET_STAT1, regStat1);
+    callStatGet(pParse, regStat, STAT_GET_STAT1, regStat1);
     assert( "BBB"[0]==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT );
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTabname, 3, regTemp, "BBB", 0);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iStatCur, regNewRowid);
@@ -103992,9 +109295,9 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
 #endif
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
 
-    /* Add the entries to the stat3 or stat4 table. */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-    {
+    /* Add the entries to the stat4 table. */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+    if( OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_Stat4) && db->nAnalysisLimit==0 ){
       int regEq = regStat1;
       int regLt = regStat1+1;
       int regDLt = regStat1+2;
@@ -104008,29 +109311,25 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
       pParse->nMem = MAX(pParse->nMem, regCol+nCol);
 
       addrNext = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-      callStatGet(v, regStat4, STAT_GET_ROWID, regSampleRowid);
+      callStatGet(pParse, regStat, STAT_GET_ROWID, regSampleRowid);
       addrIsNull = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, regSampleRowid);
       VdbeCoverage(v);
-      callStatGet(v, regStat4, STAT_GET_NEQ, regEq);
-      callStatGet(v, regStat4, STAT_GET_NLT, regLt);
-      callStatGet(v, regStat4, STAT_GET_NDLT, regDLt);
+      callStatGet(pParse, regStat, STAT_GET_NEQ, regEq);
+      callStatGet(pParse, regStat, STAT_GET_NLT, regLt);
+      callStatGet(pParse, regStat, STAT_GET_NDLT, regDLt);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, seekOp, iTabCur, addrNext, regSampleRowid, 0);
       VdbeCoverage(v);
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
-      sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(pParse, pIdx, iTabCur, 0, regSample);
-#else
       for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
         sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(pParse, pIdx, iTabCur, i, regCol+i);
       }
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regCol, nCol, regSample);
-#endif
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTabname, 6, regTemp);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iStatCur+1, regNewRowid);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iStatCur+1, regTemp, regNewRowid);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 1, addrNext); /* P1==1 for end-of-loop */
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrIsNull);
     }
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 */
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */
 
     /* End of analysis */
     sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrRewind);
@@ -104205,7 +109504,7 @@ static void decodeIntArray(
   int i;
   tRowcnt v;
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   if( z==0 ) z = "";
 #else
   assert( z!=0 );
@@ -104216,7 +109515,7 @@ static void decodeIntArray(
       v = v*10 + c - '0';
       z++;
     }
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
     if( aOut ) aOut[i] = v;
     if( aLog ) aLog[i] = sqlite3LogEst(v);
 #else
@@ -104227,7 +109526,7 @@ static void decodeIntArray(
 #endif
     if( *z==' ' ) z++;
   }
-#ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   assert( pIndex!=0 ); {
 #else
   if( pIndex ){
@@ -104238,7 +109537,9 @@ static void decodeIntArray(
       if( sqlite3_strglob("unordered*", z)==0 ){
         pIndex->bUnordered = 1;
       }else if( sqlite3_strglob("sz=[0-9]*", z)==0 ){
-        pIndex->szIdxRow = sqlite3LogEst(sqlite3Atoi(z+3));
+        int sz = sqlite3Atoi(z+3);
+        if( sz<2 ) sz = 2;
+        pIndex->szIdxRow = sqlite3LogEst(sz);
       }else if( sqlite3_strglob("noskipscan*", z)==0 ){
         pIndex->noSkipScan = 1;
       }
@@ -104255,7 +109556,7 @@ static void decodeIntArray(
 
 /*
 ** This callback is invoked once for each index when reading the
-** sqlite_stat1 table.  
+** sqlite_stat1 table.
 **
 **     argv[0] = name of the table
 **     argv[1] = name of the index (might be NULL)
@@ -104292,8 +109593,8 @@ static int analysisLoader(void *pData, int argc, char **argv, char **NotUsed){
   if( pIndex ){
     tRowcnt *aiRowEst = 0;
     int nCol = pIndex->nKeyCol+1;
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-    /* Index.aiRowEst may already be set here if there are duplicate 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+    /* Index.aiRowEst may already be set here if there are duplicate
     ** sqlite_stat1 entries for this index. In that case just clobber
     ** the old data with the new instead of allocating a new array.  */
     if( pIndex->aiRowEst==0 ){
@@ -104328,7 +109629,7 @@ static int analysisLoader(void *pData, int argc, char **argv, char **NotUsed){
 ** and its contents.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3 *db, Index *pIdx){
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   if( pIdx->aSample ){
     int j;
     for(j=0; j<pIdx->nSample; j++){
@@ -104344,13 +109645,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3 *db, Index *pIdx){
 #else
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(db);
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(pIdx);
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 */
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */
 }
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
 /*
 ** Populate the pIdx->aAvgEq[] array based on the samples currently
-** stored in pIdx->aSample[]. 
+** stored in pIdx->aSample[].
 */
 static void initAvgEq(Index *pIdx){
   if( pIdx ){
@@ -104386,12 +109687,12 @@ static void initAvgEq(Index *pIdx){
       pIdx->nRowEst0 = nRow;
 
       /* Set nSum to the number of distinct (iCol+1) field prefixes that
-      ** occur in the stat4 table for this index. Set sumEq to the sum of 
-      ** the nEq values for column iCol for the same set (adding the value 
+      ** occur in the stat4 table for this index. Set sumEq to the sum of
+      ** the nEq values for column iCol for the same set (adding the value
       ** only once where there exist duplicate prefixes).  */
       for(i=0; i<nSample; i++){
         if( i==(pIdx->nSample-1)
-         || aSample[i].anDLt[iCol]!=aSample[i+1].anDLt[iCol] 
+         || aSample[i].anDLt[iCol]!=aSample[i+1].anDLt[iCol]
         ){
           sumEq += aSample[i].anEq[iCol];
           nSum100 += 100;
@@ -104425,12 +109726,11 @@ static Index *findIndexOrPrimaryKey(
 }
 
 /*
-** Load the content from either the sqlite_stat4 or sqlite_stat3 table 
+** Load the content from either the sqlite_stat4
 ** into the relevant Index.aSample[] arrays.
 **
 ** Arguments zSql1 and zSql2 must point to SQL statements that return
-** data equivalent to the following (statements are different for stat3,
-** see the caller of this function for details):
+** data equivalent to the following:
 **
 **    zSql1: SELECT idx,count(*) FROM %Q.sqlite_stat4 GROUP BY idx
 **    zSql2: SELECT idx,neq,nlt,ndlt,sample FROM %Q.sqlite_stat4
@@ -104439,7 +109739,6 @@ static Index *findIndexOrPrimaryKey(
 */
 static int loadStatTbl(
   sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
-  int bStat3,                   /* Assume single column records only */
   const char *zSql1,            /* SQL statement 1 (see above) */
   const char *zSql2,            /* SQL statement 2 (see above) */
   const char *zDb               /* Database name (e.g. "main") */
@@ -104473,17 +109772,13 @@ static int loadStatTbl(
     if( zIndex==0 ) continue;
     nSample = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 1);
     pIdx = findIndexOrPrimaryKey(db, zIndex, zDb);
-    assert( pIdx==0 || bStat3 || pIdx->nSample==0 );
-    /* Index.nSample is non-zero at this point if data has already been
-    ** loaded from the stat4 table. In this case ignore stat3 data.  */
-    if( pIdx==0 || pIdx->nSample ) continue;
-    if( bStat3==0 ){
-      assert( !HasRowid(pIdx->pTable) || pIdx->nColumn==pIdx->nKeyCol+1 );
-      if( !HasRowid(pIdx->pTable) && IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx) ){
-        nIdxCol = pIdx->nKeyCol;
-      }else{
-        nIdxCol = pIdx->nColumn;
-      }
+    assert( pIdx==0 || pIdx->nSample==0 );
+    if( pIdx==0 ) continue;
+    assert( !HasRowid(pIdx->pTable) || pIdx->nColumn==pIdx->nKeyCol+1 );
+    if( !HasRowid(pIdx->pTable) && IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx) ){
+      nIdxCol = pIdx->nKeyCol;
+    }else{
+      nIdxCol = pIdx->nColumn;
     }
     pIdx->nSampleCol = nIdxCol;
     nByte = sizeof(IndexSample) * nSample;
@@ -104497,6 +109792,7 @@ static int loadStatTbl(
     }
     pSpace = (tRowcnt*)&pIdx->aSample[nSample];
     pIdx->aAvgEq = pSpace; pSpace += nIdxCol;
+    pIdx->pTable->tabFlags |= TF_HasStat4;
     for(i=0; i<nSample; i++){
       pIdx->aSample[i].anEq = pSpace; pSpace += nIdxCol;
       pIdx->aSample[i].anLt = pSpace; pSpace += nIdxCol;
@@ -104524,10 +109820,9 @@ static int loadStatTbl(
     if( zIndex==0 ) continue;
     pIdx = findIndexOrPrimaryKey(db, zIndex, zDb);
     if( pIdx==0 ) continue;
-    /* This next condition is true if data has already been loaded from 
-    ** the sqlite_stat4 table. In this case ignore stat3 data.  */
+    /* This next condition is true if data has already been loaded from
+    ** the sqlite_stat4 table. */
     nCol = pIdx->nSampleCol;
-    if( bStat3 && nCol>1 ) continue;
     if( pIdx!=pPrevIdx ){
       initAvgEq(pPrevIdx);
       pPrevIdx = pIdx;
@@ -104560,7 +109855,7 @@ static int loadStatTbl(
 }
 
 /*
-** Load content from the sqlite_stat4 and sqlite_stat3 tables into 
+** Load content from the sqlite_stat4 table into
 ** the Index.aSample[] arrays of all indices.
 */
 static int loadStat4(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb){
@@ -104568,37 +109863,28 @@ static int loadStat4(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb){
 
   assert( db->lookaside.bDisable );
   if( sqlite3FindTable(db, "sqlite_stat4", zDb) ){
-    rc = loadStatTbl(db, 0,
-      "SELECT idx,count(*) FROM %Q.sqlite_stat4 GROUP BY idx", 
+    rc = loadStatTbl(db,
+      "SELECT idx,count(*) FROM %Q.sqlite_stat4 GROUP BY idx",
       "SELECT idx,neq,nlt,ndlt,sample FROM %Q.sqlite_stat4",
       zDb
     );
   }
-
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && sqlite3FindTable(db, "sqlite_stat3", zDb) ){
-    rc = loadStatTbl(db, 1,
-      "SELECT idx,count(*) FROM %Q.sqlite_stat3 GROUP BY idx", 
-      "SELECT idx,neq,nlt,ndlt,sqlite_record(sample) FROM %Q.sqlite_stat3",
-      zDb
-    );
-  }
-
   return rc;
 }
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 */
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */
 
 /*
-** Load the content of the sqlite_stat1 and sqlite_stat3/4 tables. The
+** Load the content of the sqlite_stat1 and sqlite_stat4 tables. The
 ** contents of sqlite_stat1 are used to populate the Index.aiRowEst[]
-** arrays. The contents of sqlite_stat3/4 are used to populate the
+** arrays. The contents of sqlite_stat4 are used to populate the
 ** Index.aSample[] arrays.
 **
 ** If the sqlite_stat1 table is not present in the database, SQLITE_ERROR
-** is returned. In this case, even if SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3/4 was defined 
-** during compilation and the sqlite_stat3/4 table is present, no data is 
+** is returned. In this case, even if SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 was defined
+** during compilation and the sqlite_stat4 table is present, no data is
 ** read from it.
 **
-** If SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3/4 was defined during compilation and the 
+** If SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 was defined during compilation and the
 ** sqlite_stat4 table is not present in the database, SQLITE_ERROR is
 ** returned. However, in this case, data is read from the sqlite_stat1
 ** table (if it is present) before returning.
@@ -104626,7 +109912,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
   for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&pSchema->idxHash); i; i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
     Index *pIdx = sqliteHashData(i);
     pIdx->hasStat1 = 0;
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
     sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(db, pIdx);
     pIdx->aSample = 0;
 #endif
@@ -104636,7 +109922,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
   sInfo.db = db;
   sInfo.zDatabase = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
   if( sqlite3FindTable(db, "sqlite_stat1", sInfo.zDatabase)!=0 ){
-    zSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db, 
+    zSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db,
         "SELECT tbl,idx,stat FROM %Q.sqlite_stat1", sInfo.zDatabase);
     if( zSql==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
@@ -104654,11 +109940,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
   }
 
   /* Load the statistics from the sqlite_stat4 table. */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    db->lookaside.bDisable++;
+    DisableLookaside;
     rc = loadStat4(db, sInfo.zDatabase);
-    db->lookaside.bDisable--;
+    EnableLookaside;
   }
   for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&pSchema->idxHash); i; i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
     Index *pIdx = sqliteHashData(i);
@@ -104725,6 +110011,17 @@ static int resolveAttachExpr(NameContext *pName, Expr *pExpr)
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** Return true if zName points to a name that may be used to refer to
+** database iDb attached to handle db.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbIsNamed(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zName){
+  return (
+      sqlite3StrICmp(db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, zName)==0
+   || (iDb==0 && sqlite3StrICmp("main", zName)==0)
+  );
+}
+
 /*
 ** An SQL user-function registered to do the work of an ATTACH statement. The
 ** three arguments to the function come directly from an attach statement:
@@ -104780,7 +110077,7 @@ static void attachFunc(
     if( pNew->pBt ) sqlite3BtreeClose(pNew->pBt);
     pNew->pBt = 0;
     pNew->pSchema = 0;
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(pVfs, "x", db, &pNew->pBt, 0, SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB);
+    rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(pVfs, "x\0", db, &pNew->pBt, 0, SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB);
   }else{
     /* This is a real ATTACH
     **
@@ -104791,20 +110088,19 @@ static void attachFunc(
     **     * Specified database name already being used.
     */
     if( db->nDb>=db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]+2 ){
-      zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "too many attached databases - max %d", 
+      zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "too many attached databases - max %d",
         db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]
       );
       goto attach_error;
     }
     for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-      char *z = db->aDb[i].zDbSName;
-      assert( z && zName );
-      if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, zName)==0 ){
+      assert( zName );
+      if( sqlite3DbIsNamed(db, i, zName) ){
         zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "database %s is already in use", zName);
         goto attach_error;
       }
     }
-  
+
     /* Allocate the new entry in the db->aDb[] array and initialize the schema
     ** hash tables.
     */
@@ -104819,7 +110115,7 @@ static void attachFunc(
     db->aDb = aNew;
     pNew = &db->aDb[db->nDb];
     memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
-  
+
     /* Open the database file. If the btree is successfully opened, use
     ** it to obtain the database schema. At this point the schema may
     ** or may not be initialized.
@@ -104835,8 +110131,8 @@ static void attachFunc(
     assert( pVfs );
     flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB;
     rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(pVfs, zPath, db, &pNew->pBt, 0, flags);
-    sqlite3_free( zPath );
     db->nDb++;
+    pNew->zDbSName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zName);
   }
   db->noSharedCache = 0;
   if( rc==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT ){
@@ -104848,7 +110144,7 @@ static void attachFunc(
     if( !pNew->pSchema ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
     }else if( pNew->pSchema->file_format && pNew->pSchema->enc!=ENC(db) ){
-      zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, 
+      zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db,
         "attached databases must use the same text encoding as main database");
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     }
@@ -104864,46 +110160,13 @@ static void attachFunc(
     sqlite3BtreeLeave(pNew->pBt);
   }
   pNew->safety_level = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS+1;
-  if( !REOPEN_AS_MEMDB(db) ) pNew->zDbSName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zName);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pNew->zDbSName==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
-
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    extern int sqlite3CodecAttach(sqlite3*, int, const void*, int);
-    extern void sqlite3CodecGetKey(sqlite3*, int, void**, int*);
-    int nKey;
-    char *zKey;
-    int t = sqlite3_value_type(argv[2]);
-    switch( t ){
-      case SQLITE_INTEGER:
-      case SQLITE_FLOAT:
-        zErrDyn = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, "Invalid key value");
-        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-        break;
-        
-      case SQLITE_TEXT:
-      case SQLITE_BLOB:
-        nKey = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[2]);
-        zKey = (char *)sqlite3_value_blob(argv[2]);
-        rc = sqlite3CodecAttach(db, db->nDb-1, zKey, nKey);
-        break;
-
-      case SQLITE_NULL:
-        /* No key specified.  Use the key from the main database */
-        sqlite3CodecGetKey(db, 0, (void**)&zKey, &nKey);
-        if( nKey || sqlite3BtreeGetOptimalReserve(db->aDb[0].pBt)>0 ){
-          rc = sqlite3CodecAttach(db, db->nDb-1, zKey, nKey);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
+  sqlite3_free_filename( zPath );
 
   /* If the file was opened successfully, read the schema for the new database.
-  ** If this fails, or if opening the file failed, then close the file and 
+  ** If this fails, or if opening the file failed, then close the file and
   ** remove the entry from the db->aDb[] array. i.e. put everything back the
   ** way we found it.
   */
@@ -104911,12 +110174,14 @@ static void attachFunc(
     sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
     db->init.iDb = 0;
     db->mDbFlags &= ~(DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk);
-    rc = sqlite3Init(db, &zErrDyn);
+    if( !REOPEN_AS_MEMDB(db) ){
+      rc = sqlite3Init(db, &zErrDyn);
+    }
     sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
     assert( zErrDyn==0 || rc!=SQLITE_OK );
   }
 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !REOPEN_AS_MEMDB(db) ){
     u8 newAuth = 0;
     rc = sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(db, zName, &newAuth);
     if( newAuth<db->auth.authLevel ){
@@ -104945,7 +110210,7 @@ static void attachFunc(
     }
     goto attach_error;
   }
-  
+
   return;
 
 attach_error:
@@ -104974,6 +110239,7 @@ static void detachFunc(
   sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
   int i;
   Db *pDb = 0;
+  HashElem *pEntry;
   char zErr[128];
 
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
@@ -104982,7 +110248,7 @@ static void detachFunc(
   for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
     pDb = &db->aDb[i];
     if( pDb->pBt==0 ) continue;
-    if( sqlite3StrICmp(pDb->zDbSName, zName)==0 ) break;
+    if( sqlite3DbIsNamed(db, i, zName) ) break;
   }
 
   if( i>=db->nDb ){
@@ -104993,11 +110259,25 @@ static void detachFunc(
     sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zErr),zErr, "cannot detach database %s", zName);
     goto detach_error;
   }
-  if( sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(pDb->pBt) || sqlite3BtreeIsInBackup(pDb->pBt) ){
+  if( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pDb->pBt)!=SQLITE_TXN_NONE
+   || sqlite3BtreeIsInBackup(pDb->pBt)
+  ){
     sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zErr),zErr, "database %s is locked", zName);
     goto detach_error;
   }
 
+  /* If any TEMP triggers reference the schema being detached, move those
+  ** triggers to reference the TEMP schema itself. */
+  assert( db->aDb[1].pSchema );
+  pEntry = sqliteHashFirst(&db->aDb[1].pSchema->trigHash);
+  while( pEntry ){
+    Trigger *pTrig = (Trigger*)sqliteHashData(pEntry);
+    if( pTrig->pTabSchema==pDb->pSchema ){
+      pTrig->pTabSchema = pTrig->pSchema;
+    }
+    pEntry = sqliteHashNext(pEntry);
+  }
+
   sqlite3BtreeClose(pDb->pBt);
   pDb->pBt = 0;
   pDb->pSchema = 0;
@@ -105031,7 +110311,7 @@ static void codeAttach(
   memset(&sName, 0, sizeof(NameContext));
   sName.pParse = pParse;
 
-  if( 
+  if(
       SQLITE_OK!=(rc = resolveAttachExpr(&sName, pFilename)) ||
       SQLITE_OK!=(rc = resolveAttachExpr(&sName, pDbname)) ||
       SQLITE_OK!=(rc = resolveAttachExpr(&sName, pKey))
@@ -105063,18 +110343,15 @@ static void codeAttach(
 
   assert( v || db->mallocFailed );
   if( v ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Function0, 0, regArgs+3-pFunc->nArg, regArgs+3,
-                      (char *)pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
-    assert( pFunc->nArg==-1 || (pFunc->nArg&0xff)==pFunc->nArg );
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)(pFunc->nArg));
- 
+    sqlite3VdbeAddFunctionCall(pParse, 0, regArgs+3-pFunc->nArg, regArgs+3,
+                               pFunc->nArg, pFunc, 0);
     /* Code an OP_Expire. For an ATTACH statement, set P1 to true (expire this
     ** statement only). For DETACH, set it to false (expire all existing
     ** statements).
     */
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Expire, (type==SQLITE_ATTACH));
   }
-  
+
 attach_end:
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pFilename);
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDbname);
@@ -105142,7 +110419,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FixInit(
   pFix->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
   pFix->zType = zType;
   pFix->pName = pName;
-  pFix->bVarOnly = (iDb==1);
+  pFix->bTemp = (iDb==1);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -105164,22 +110441,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixSrcList(
   SrcList *pList       /* The Source list to check and modify */
 ){
   int i;
-  const char *zDb;
   struct SrcList_item *pItem;
+  sqlite3 *db = pFix->pParse->db;
+  int iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(db, pFix->zDb);
 
   if( NEVER(pList==0) ) return 0;
-  zDb = pFix->zDb;
+
   for(i=0, pItem=pList->a; i<pList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
-    if( pFix->bVarOnly==0 ){
-      if( pItem->zDatabase && sqlite3StrICmp(pItem->zDatabase, zDb) ){
+    if( pFix->bTemp==0 ){
+      if( pItem->zDatabase && iDb!=sqlite3FindDbName(db, pItem->zDatabase) ){
         sqlite3ErrorMsg(pFix->pParse,
             "%s %T cannot reference objects in database %s",
             pFix->zType, pFix->pName, pItem->zDatabase);
         return 1;
       }
-      sqlite3DbFree(pFix->pParse->db, pItem->zDatabase);
+      sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zDatabase);
       pItem->zDatabase = 0;
       pItem->pSchema = pFix->pSchema;
+      pItem->fg.fromDDL = 1;
     }
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
     if( sqlite3FixSelect(pFix, pItem->pSelect) ) return 1;
@@ -105235,6 +110514,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixExpr(
   Expr *pExpr        /* The expression to be fixed to one database */
 ){
   while( pExpr ){
+    if( !pFix->bTemp ) ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_FromDDL);
     if( pExpr->op==TK_VARIABLE ){
       if( pFix->pParse->db->init.busy ){
         pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
@@ -105287,6 +110567,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(
     if( sqlite3FixExprList(pFix, pStep->pExprList) ){
       return 1;
     }
+    if( pStep->pFrom && sqlite3FixSrcList(pFix, pStep->pFrom) ){
+      return 1;
+    }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
     if( pStep->pUpsert ){
       Upsert *pUp = pStep->pUpsert;
@@ -105387,7 +110670,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   db->xAuth = (sqlite3_xauth)xAuth;
   db->pAuthArg = pArg;
-  sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db, 0);
+  if( db->xAuth ) sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db, 1);
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -105439,10 +110722,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AuthReadCol(
 
 /*
 ** The pExpr should be a TK_COLUMN expression.  The table referred to
-** is in pTabList or else it is the NEW or OLD table of a trigger.  
+** is in pTabList or else it is the NEW or OLD table of a trigger.
 ** Check to see if it is OK to read this particular column.
 **
-** If the auth function returns SQLITE_IGNORE, change the TK_COLUMN 
+** If the auth function returns SQLITE_IGNORE, change the TK_COLUMN
 ** instruction into a TK_NULL.  If the auth function returns SQLITE_DENY,
 ** then generate an error.
 */
@@ -105460,6 +110743,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AuthRead(
   int iCol;             /* Index of column in table */
 
   assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN || pExpr->op==TK_TRIGGER );
+  assert( !IN_RENAME_OBJECT || db->xAuth==0 );
   if( db->xAuth==0 ) return;
   iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pSchema);
   if( iDb<0 ){
@@ -105516,6 +110800,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AuthCheck(
   /* Don't do any authorization checks if the database is initialising
   ** or if the parser is being invoked from within sqlite3_declare_vtab.
   */
+  assert( !IN_RENAME_OBJECT || db->xAuth==0 );
   if( db->init.busy || IN_SPECIAL_PARSE ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
@@ -105557,7 +110842,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AuthCheck(
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AuthContextPush(
   Parse *pParse,
-  AuthContext *pContext, 
+  AuthContext *pContext,
   const char *zContext
 ){
   assert( pParse );
@@ -105614,13 +110899,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext *pContext){
 */
 struct TableLock {
   int iDb;               /* The database containing the table to be locked */
-  int iTab;              /* The root page of the table to be locked */
+  Pgno iTab;             /* The root page of the table to be locked */
   u8 isWriteLock;        /* True for write lock.  False for a read lock */
   const char *zLockName; /* Name of the table */
 };
 
 /*
-** Record the fact that we want to lock a table at run-time.  
+** Record the fact that we want to lock a table at run-time.
 **
 ** The table to be locked has root page iTab and is found in database iDb.
 ** A read or a write lock can be taken depending on isWritelock.
@@ -105632,11 +110917,11 @@ struct TableLock {
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TableLock(
   Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
   int iDb,           /* Index of the database containing the table to lock */
-  int iTab,          /* Root page number of the table to be locked */
+  Pgno iTab,         /* Root page number of the table to be locked */
   u8 isWriteLock,    /* True for a write lock */
   const char *zName  /* Name of the table to be locked */
 ){
-  Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
+  Parse *pToplevel;
   int i;
   int nBytes;
   TableLock *p;
@@ -105644,6 +110929,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TableLock(
 
   if( iDb==1 ) return;
   if( !sqlite3BtreeSharable(pParse->db->aDb[iDb].pBt) ) return;
+  pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
   for(i=0; i<pToplevel->nTableLock; i++){
     p = &pToplevel->aTableLock[i];
     if( p->iDb==iDb && p->iTab==iTab ){
@@ -105673,10 +110959,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TableLock(
 */
 static void codeTableLocks(Parse *pParse){
   int i;
-  Vdbe *pVdbe; 
-
-  pVdbe = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  assert( pVdbe!=0 ); /* sqlite3GetVdbe cannot fail: VDBE already allocated */
+  Vdbe *pVdbe = pParse->pVdbe;
+  assert( pVdbe!=0 );
 
   for(i=0; i<pParse->nTableLock; i++){
     TableLock *p = &pParse->aTableLock[i];
@@ -105728,7 +111012,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse *pParse){
   ** vdbe program
   */
   v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  assert( !pParse->isMultiWrite 
+  assert( !pParse->isMultiWrite
        || sqlite3VdbeAssertMayAbort(v, pParse->mayAbort));
   if( v ){
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Halt);
@@ -105750,7 +111034,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse *pParse){
     ** transaction on each used database and to verify the schema cookie
     ** on each used database.
     */
-    if( db->mallocFailed==0 
+    if( db->mallocFailed==0
      && (DbMaskNonZero(pParse->cookieMask) || pParse->pConstExpr)
     ){
       int iDb, i;
@@ -105780,8 +111064,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse *pParse){
       pParse->nVtabLock = 0;
 #endif
 
-      /* Once all the cookies have been verified and transactions opened, 
-      ** obtain the required table-locks. This is a no-op unless the 
+      /* Once all the cookies have been verified and transactions opened,
+      ** obtain the required table-locks. This is a no-op unless the
       ** shared-cache feature is enabled.
       */
       codeTableLocks(pParse);
@@ -105790,12 +111074,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse *pParse){
       */
       sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(pParse);
 
-      /* Code constant expressions that where factored out of inner loops */
+      /* Code constant expressions that where factored out of inner loops.
+      **
+      ** The pConstExpr list might also contain expressions that we simply
+      ** want to keep around until the Parse object is deleted.  Such
+      ** expressions have iConstExprReg==0.  Do not generate code for
+      ** those expressions, of course.
+      */
       if( pParse->pConstExpr ){
         ExprList *pEL = pParse->pConstExpr;
         pParse->okConstFactor = 0;
         for(i=0; i<pEL->nExpr; i++){
-          sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pEL->a[i].pExpr, pEL->a[i].u.iConstExprReg);
+          int iReg = pEL->a[i].u.iConstExprReg;
+          if( iReg>0 ){
+            sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pEL->a[i].pExpr, iReg);
+          }
         }
       }
 
@@ -105810,7 +111103,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse *pParse){
   if( v && pParse->nErr==0 && !db->mallocFailed ){
     /* A minimum of one cursor is required if autoincrement is used
     *  See ticket [a696379c1f08866] */
-    if( pParse->pAinc!=0 && pParse->nTab==0 ) pParse->nTab = 1;
+    assert( pParse->pAinc==0 || pParse->nTab>0 );
     sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, pParse);
     pParse->rc = SQLITE_DONE;
   }else{
@@ -105827,7 +111120,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse *pParse){
 ** outermost parser.
 **
 ** Not everything is nestable.  This facility is designed to permit
-** INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations against SQLITE_MASTER.  Use
+** INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations against the schema table.  Use
 ** care if you decide to try to use this routine for some other purposes.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse *pParse, const char *zFormat, ...){
@@ -105843,7 +111136,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse *pParse, const char *zFormat, ...){
   zSql = sqlite3VMPrintf(db, zFormat, ap);
   va_end(ap);
   if( zSql==0 ){
-    return;   /* A malloc must have failed */
+    /* This can result either from an OOM or because the formatted string
+    ** exceeds SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH.  In the latter case, we need to set
+    ** an error */
+    if( !db->mallocFailed ) pParse->rc = SQLITE_TOOBIG;
+    pParse->nErr++;
+    return;
   }
   pParse->nested++;
   memcpy(saveBuf, PARSE_TAIL(pParse), PARSE_TAIL_SZ);
@@ -105890,22 +111188,59 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, const cha
     return 0;
   }
 #endif
-  while(1){
-    for(i=OMIT_TEMPDB; i<db->nDb; i++){
-      int j = (i<2) ? i^1 : i;   /* Search TEMP before MAIN */
-      if( zDatabase==0 || sqlite3StrICmp(zDatabase, db->aDb[j].zDbSName)==0 ){
-        assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, j, 0) );
-        p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[j].pSchema->tblHash, zName);
-        if( p ) return p;
+  if( zDatabase ){
+    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
+      if( sqlite3StrICmp(zDatabase, db->aDb[i].zDbSName)==0 ) break;
+    }
+    if( i>=db->nDb ){
+      /* No match against the official names.  But always match "main"
+      ** to schema 0 as a legacy fallback. */
+      if( sqlite3StrICmp(zDatabase,"main")==0 ){
+        i = 0;
+      }else{
+        return 0;
+      }
+    }
+    p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[i].pSchema->tblHash, zName);
+    if( p==0 && sqlite3StrNICmp(zName, "sqlite_", 7)==0 ){
+      if( i==1 ){
+        if( sqlite3StrICmp(zName+7, &ALT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE[7])==0
+         || sqlite3StrICmp(zName+7, &ALT_SCHEMA_TABLE[7])==0
+         || sqlite3StrICmp(zName+7, &DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE[7])==0
+        ){
+          p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[1].pSchema->tblHash,
+                              DFLT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE);
+        }
+      }else{
+        if( sqlite3StrICmp(zName+7, &ALT_SCHEMA_TABLE[7])==0 ){
+          p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[i].pSchema->tblHash,
+                              DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }else{
+    /* Match against TEMP first */
+    p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[1].pSchema->tblHash, zName);
+    if( p ) return p;
+    /* The main database is second */
+    p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[0].pSchema->tblHash, zName);
+    if( p ) return p;
+    /* Attached databases are in order of attachment */
+    for(i=2; i<db->nDb; i++){
+      assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, i, 0) );
+      p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[i].pSchema->tblHash, zName);
+      if( p ) break;
+    }
+    if( p==0 && sqlite3StrNICmp(zName, "sqlite_", 7)==0 ){
+      if( sqlite3StrICmp(zName+7, &ALT_SCHEMA_TABLE[7])==0 ){
+        p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[0].pSchema->tblHash, DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE);
+      }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zName+7, &ALT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE[7])==0 ){
+        p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[1].pSchema->tblHash,
+                            DFLT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE);
       }
     }
-    /* Not found.  If the name we were looking for was temp.sqlite_master
-    ** then change the name to sqlite_temp_master and try again. */
-    if( sqlite3StrICmp(zName, MASTER_NAME)!=0 ) break;
-    if( sqlite3_stricmp(zDatabase, db->aDb[1].zDbSName)!=0 ) break;
-    zName = TEMP_MASTER_NAME;
   }
-  return 0;
+  return p;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -105929,7 +111264,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3LocateTable(
 
   /* Read the database schema. If an error occurs, leave an error message
   ** and code in pParse and return NULL. */
-  if( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk)==0 
+  if( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk)==0
    && SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse)
   ){
     return 0;
@@ -105937,12 +111272,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3LocateTable(
 
   p = sqlite3FindTable(db, zName, zDbase);
   if( p==0 ){
-    const char *zMsg = flags & LOCATE_VIEW ? "no such view" : "no such table";
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-    if( sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDbase)<1 ){
-      /* If zName is the not the name of a table in the schema created using
-      ** CREATE, then check to see if it is the name of an virtual table that
-      ** can be an eponymous virtual table. */
+    /* If zName is the not the name of a table in the schema created using
+    ** CREATE, then check to see if it is the name of an virtual table that
+    ** can be an eponymous virtual table. */
+    if( pParse->disableVtab==0 ){
       Module *pMod = (Module*)sqlite3HashFind(&db->aModule, zName);
       if( pMod==0 && sqlite3_strnicmp(zName, "pragma_", 7)==0 ){
         pMod = sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(db, zName);
@@ -105952,13 +111286,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3LocateTable(
       }
     }
 #endif
-    if( (flags & LOCATE_NOERR)==0 ){
-      if( zDbase ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s", zMsg, zDbase, zName);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s", zMsg, zName);
-      }
-      pParse->checkSchema = 1;
+    if( flags & LOCATE_NOERR ) return 0;
+    pParse->checkSchema = 1;
+  }else if( IsVirtual(p) && pParse->disableVtab ){
+    p = 0;
+  }
+
+  if( p==0 ){
+    const char *zMsg = flags & LOCATE_VIEW ? "no such view" : "no such table";
+    if( zDbase ){
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s", zMsg, zDbase, zName);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s", zMsg, zName);
     }
   }
 
@@ -105975,7 +111314,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3LocateTable(
 ** sqlite3FixSrcList() for details.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(
-  Parse *pParse, 
+  Parse *pParse,
   u32 flags,
   struct SrcList_item *p
 ){
@@ -105991,7 +111330,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(
 }
 
 /*
-** Locate the in-memory structure that describes 
+** Locate the in-memory structure that describes
 ** a particular index given the name of that index
 ** and the name of the database that contains the index.
 ** Return NULL if not found.
@@ -106011,7 +111350,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, const cha
     int j = (i<2) ? i^1 : i;  /* Search TEMP before MAIN */
     Schema *pSchema = db->aDb[j].pSchema;
     assert( pSchema );
-    if( zDb && sqlite3StrICmp(zDb, db->aDb[j].zDbSName) ) continue;
+    if( zDb && sqlite3DbIsNamed(db, j, zDb)==0 ) continue;
     assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, j, 0) );
     p = sqlite3HashFind(&pSchema->idxHash, zName);
     if( p ) break;
@@ -106030,7 +111369,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FreeIndex(sqlite3 *db, Index *p){
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->aColExpr);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zColAff);
   if( p->isResized ) sqlite3DbFree(db, (void *)p->azColl);
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   sqlite3_free(p->aiRowEst);
 #endif
   sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
@@ -106129,17 +111468,22 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3 *db){
   int i;
   sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
-  assert( db->nSchemaLock==0 );
   for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
     Db *pDb = &db->aDb[i];
     if( pDb->pSchema ){
-      sqlite3SchemaClear(pDb->pSchema);
+      if( db->nSchemaLock==0 ){
+        sqlite3SchemaClear(pDb->pSchema);
+      }else{
+        DbSetProperty(db, i, DB_ResetWanted);
+      }
     }
   }
   db->mDbFlags &= ~(DBFLAG_SchemaChange|DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk);
   sqlite3VtabUnlockList(db);
   sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
-  sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(db);
+  if( db->nSchemaLock==0 ){
+    sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(db);
+  }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -106159,6 +111503,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable){
   assert( pTable!=0 );
   if( (pCol = pTable->aCol)!=0 ){
     for(i=0; i<pTable->nCol; i++, pCol++){
+      assert( pCol->zName==0 || pCol->hName==sqlite3StrIHash(pCol->zName) );
       sqlite3DbFree(db, pCol->zName);
       sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCol->pDflt);
       sqlite3DbFree(db, pCol->zColl);
@@ -106173,10 +111518,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable){
 **
 ** This routine just deletes the data structure.  It does not unlink
 ** the table data structure from the hash table.  But it does destroy
-** memory structures of the indices and foreign keys associated with 
+** memory structures of the indices and foreign keys associated with
 ** the table.
 **
-** The db parameter is optional.  It is needed if the Table object 
+** The db parameter is optional.  It is needed if the Table object
 ** contains lookaside memory.  (Table objects in the schema do not use
 ** lookaside memory, but some ephemeral Table objects do.)  Or the
 ** db parameter can be used with db->pnBytesFreed to measure the memory
@@ -106187,10 +111532,14 @@ static void SQLITE_NOINLINE deleteTable(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable){
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   /* Record the number of outstanding lookaside allocations in schema Tables
-  ** prior to doing any free() operations.  Since schema Tables do not use
-  ** lookaside, this number should not change. */
+  ** prior to doing any free() operations. Since schema Tables do not use
+  ** lookaside, this number should not change.
+  **
+  ** If malloc has already failed, it may be that it failed while allocating
+  ** a Table object that was going to be marked ephemeral. So do not check
+  ** that no lookaside memory is used in this case either. */
   int nLookaside = 0;
-  if( db && (pTable->tabFlags & TF_Ephemeral)==0 ){
+  if( db && !db->mallocFailed && (pTable->tabFlags & TF_Ephemeral)==0 ){
     nLookaside = sqlite3LookasideUsed(db, 0);
   }
 #endif
@@ -106201,7 +111550,7 @@ static void SQLITE_NOINLINE deleteTable(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable){
     assert( pIndex->pSchema==pTable->pSchema
          || (IsVirtual(pTable) && pIndex->idxType!=SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF) );
     if( (db==0 || db->pnBytesFreed==0) && !IsVirtual(pTable) ){
-      char *zName = pIndex->zName; 
+      char *zName = pIndex->zName;
       TESTONLY ( Index *pOld = ) sqlite3HashInsert(
          &pIndex->pSchema->idxHash, zName, 0
       );
@@ -106281,13 +111630,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3 *db, Token *pName){
 }
 
 /*
-** Open the sqlite_master table stored in database number iDb for
+** Open the sqlite_schema table stored in database number iDb for
 ** writing. The table is opened using cursor 0.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *p, int iDb){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenSchemaTable(Parse *p, int iDb){
   Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(p);
-  sqlite3TableLock(p, iDb, MASTER_ROOT, 1, MASTER_NAME);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_OpenWrite, 0, MASTER_ROOT, iDb, 5);
+  sqlite3TableLock(p, iDb, SCHEMA_ROOT, 1, DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_OpenWrite, 0, SCHEMA_ROOT, iDb, 5);
   if( p->nTab==0 ){
     p->nTab = 1;
   }
@@ -106316,7 +111665,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName){
 /*
 ** The token *pName contains the name of a database (either "main" or
 ** "temp" or the name of an attached db). This routine returns the
-** index of the named database in db->aDb[], or -1 if the named db 
+** index of the named database in db->aDb[], or -1 if the named db
 ** does not exist.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3 *db, Token *pName){
@@ -106332,7 +111681,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3 *db, Token *pName){
 ** pName1 and pName2. If the table name was fully qualified, for example:
 **
 ** CREATE TABLE xxx.yyy (...);
-** 
+**
 ** Then pName1 is set to "xxx" and pName2 "yyy". On the other hand if
 ** the table name is not fully qualified, i.e.:
 **
@@ -106374,19 +111723,62 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3TwoPartName(
   return iDb;
 }
 
+/*
+** True if PRAGMA writable_schema is ON
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WritableSchema(sqlite3 *db){
+  testcase( (db->flags&(SQLITE_WriteSchema|SQLITE_Defensive))==0 );
+  testcase( (db->flags&(SQLITE_WriteSchema|SQLITE_Defensive))==
+               SQLITE_WriteSchema );
+  testcase( (db->flags&(SQLITE_WriteSchema|SQLITE_Defensive))==
+               SQLITE_Defensive );
+  testcase( (db->flags&(SQLITE_WriteSchema|SQLITE_Defensive))==
+               (SQLITE_WriteSchema|SQLITE_Defensive) );
+  return (db->flags&(SQLITE_WriteSchema|SQLITE_Defensive))==SQLITE_WriteSchema;
+}
+
 /*
 ** This routine is used to check if the UTF-8 string zName is a legal
 ** unqualified name for a new schema object (table, index, view or
 ** trigger). All names are legal except those that begin with the string
 ** "sqlite_" (in upper, lower or mixed case). This portion of the namespace
 ** is reserved for internal use.
+**
+** When parsing the sqlite_schema table, this routine also checks to
+** make sure the "type", "name", and "tbl_name" columns are consistent
+** with the SQL.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *pParse, const char *zName){
-  if( !pParse->db->init.busy && pParse->nested==0 
-          && (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_WriteSchema)==0
-          && 0==sqlite3StrNICmp(zName, "sqlite_", 7) ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "object name reserved for internal use: %s", zName);
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CheckObjectName(
+  Parse *pParse,            /* Parsing context */
+  const char *zName,        /* Name of the object to check */
+  const char *zType,        /* Type of this object */
+  const char *zTblName      /* Parent table name for triggers and indexes */
+){
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  if( sqlite3WritableSchema(db)
+   || db->init.imposterTable
+   || !sqlite3Config.bExtraSchemaChecks
+  ){
+    /* Skip these error checks for writable_schema=ON */
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+  if( db->init.busy ){
+    if( sqlite3_stricmp(zType, db->init.azInit[0])
+     || sqlite3_stricmp(zName, db->init.azInit[1])
+     || sqlite3_stricmp(zTblName, db->init.azInit[2])
+    ){
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, ""); /* corruptSchema() will supply the error */
+      return SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }
+  }else{
+    if( (pParse->nested==0 && 0==sqlite3StrNICmp(zName, "sqlite_", 7))
+     || (sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(db) && sqlite3ShadowTableName(db, zName))
+    ){
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "object name reserved for internal use: %s",
+                      zName);
+      return SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }
+
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -106401,10 +111793,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table *pTab){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return the column of index pIdx that corresponds to table
-** column iCol.  Return -1 if not found.
+** Convert an table column number into a index column number.  That is,
+** for the column iCol in the table (as defined by the CREATE TABLE statement)
+** find the (first) offset of that column in index pIdx.  Or return -1
+** if column iCol is not used in index pIdx.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE i16 sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(Index *pIdx, i16 iCol){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE i16 sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(Index *pIdx, i16 iCol){
   int i;
   for(i=0; i<pIdx->nColumn; i++){
     if( iCol==pIdx->aiColumn[i] ) return i;
@@ -106412,6 +111806,84 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE i16 sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(Index *pIdx, i16 iCol){
   return -1;
 }
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+/* Convert a storage column number into a table column number.
+**
+** The storage column number (0,1,2,....) is the index of the value
+** as it appears in the record on disk.  The true column number
+** is the index (0,1,2,...) of the column in the CREATE TABLE statement.
+**
+** The storage column number is less than the table column number if
+** and only there are VIRTUAL columns to the left.
+**
+** If SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS, this routine is a no-op macro.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE i16 sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(Table *pTab, i16 iCol){
+  if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasVirtual ){
+    int i;
+    for(i=0; i<=iCol; i++){
+      if( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL ) iCol++;
+    }
+  }
+  return iCol;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+/* Convert a table column number into a storage column number.
+**
+** The storage column number (0,1,2,....) is the index of the value
+** as it appears in the record on disk.  Or, if the input column is
+** the N-th virtual column (zero-based) then the storage number is
+** the number of non-virtual columns in the table plus N.
+**
+** The true column number is the index (0,1,2,...) of the column in
+** the CREATE TABLE statement.
+**
+** If the input column is a VIRTUAL column, then it should not appear
+** in storage.  But the value sometimes is cached in registers that
+** follow the range of registers used to construct storage.  This
+** avoids computing the same VIRTUAL column multiple times, and provides
+** values for use by OP_Param opcodes in triggers.  Hence, if the
+** input column is a VIRTUAL table, put it after all the other columns.
+**
+** In the following, N means "normal column", S means STORED, and
+** V means VIRTUAL.  Suppose the CREATE TABLE has columns like this:
+**
+**        CREATE TABLE ex(N,S,V,N,S,V,N,S,V);
+**                     -- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
+**
+** Then the mapping from this function is as follows:
+**
+**    INPUTS:     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
+**    OUTPUTS:    0 1 6 2 3 7 4 5 8
+**
+** So, in other words, this routine shifts all the virtual columns to
+** the end.
+**
+** If SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS then there are no virtual columns and
+** this routine is a no-op macro.  If the pTab does not have any virtual
+** columns, then this routine is no-op that always return iCol.  If iCol
+** is negative (indicating the ROWID column) then this routine return iCol.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE i16 sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(Table *pTab, i16 iCol){
+  int i;
+  i16 n;
+  assert( iCol<pTab->nCol );
+  if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasVirtual)==0 || iCol<0 ) return iCol;
+  for(i=0, n=0; i<iCol; i++){
+    if( (pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)==0 ) n++;
+  }
+  if( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL ){
+    /* iCol is a virtual column itself */
+    return pTab->nNVCol + i - n;
+  }else{
+    /* iCol is a normal or stored column */
+    return n;
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Begin constructing a new table representation in memory.  This is
 ** the first of several action routines that get called in response
@@ -106445,7 +111917,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StartTable(
   Token *pName;    /* Unqualified name of the table to create */
 
   if( db->init.busy && db->init.newTnum==1 ){
-    /* Special case:  Parsing the sqlite_master or sqlite_temp_master schema */
+    /* Special case:  Parsing the sqlite_schema or sqlite_temp_schema schema */
     iDb = db->init.iDb;
     zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb));
     pName = pName1;
@@ -106454,7 +111926,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StartTable(
     iDb = sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pName1, pName2, &pName);
     if( iDb<0 ) return;
     if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && isTemp && pName2->n>0 && iDb!=1 ){
-      /* If creating a temp table, the name may not be qualified. Unless 
+      /* If creating a temp table, the name may not be qualified. Unless
       ** the database name is "temp" anyway.  */
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "temporary table name must be unqualified");
       return;
@@ -106467,7 +111939,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StartTable(
   }
   pParse->sNameToken = *pName;
   if( zName==0 ) return;
-  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3CheckObjectName(pParse, zName) ){
+  if( sqlite3CheckObjectName(pParse, zName, isView?"view":"table", zName) ){
     goto begin_table_error;
   }
   if( db->init.iDb==1 ) isTemp = 1;
@@ -106551,10 +112023,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StartTable(
 #endif
 
   /* Begin generating the code that will insert the table record into
-  ** the SQLITE_MASTER table.  Note in particular that we must go ahead
+  ** the schema table.  Note in particular that we must go ahead
   ** and allocate the record number for the table entry now.  Before any
   ** PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE keywords are parsed.  Those keywords will cause
-  ** indices to be created and the table record must come before the 
+  ** indices to be created and the table record must come before the
   ** indices.  Hence, the record number for the table must be allocated
   ** now.
   */
@@ -106572,7 +112044,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StartTable(
     }
 #endif
 
-    /* If the file format and encoding in the database have not been set, 
+    /* If the file format and encoding in the database have not been set,
     ** set them now.
     */
     reg1 = pParse->regRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
@@ -106587,7 +112059,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StartTable(
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, BTREE_TEXT_ENCODING, ENC(db));
     sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
 
-    /* This just creates a place-holder record in the sqlite_master table.
+    /* This just creates a place-holder record in the sqlite_schema table.
     ** The record created does not contain anything yet.  It will be replaced
     ** by the real entry in code generated at sqlite3EndTable().
     **
@@ -106605,7 +112077,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StartTable(
       pParse->addrCrTab =
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_CreateBtree, iDb, reg2, BTREE_INTKEY);
     }
-    sqlite3OpenMasterTable(pParse, iDb);
+    sqlite3OpenSchemaTable(pParse, iDb);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, 0, reg1);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Blob, 6, reg3, 0, nullRow, P4_STATIC);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, 0, reg3, reg1);
@@ -106681,8 +112153,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse *pParse, Token *pName, Token *pType){
   pCol = &p->aCol[p->nCol];
   memset(pCol, 0, sizeof(p->aCol[0]));
   pCol->zName = z;
+  pCol->hName = sqlite3StrIHash(z);
   sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(p, pCol);
- 
+
   if( pType->n==0 ){
     /* If there is no type specified, columns have the default affinity
     ** 'BLOB' with a default size of 4 bytes. */
@@ -106702,6 +112175,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse *pParse, Token *pName, Token *pType){
     pCol->colFlags |= COLFLAG_HASTYPE;
   }
   p->nCol++;
+  p->nNVCol++;
   pParse->constraintName.n = 0;
 }
 
@@ -106737,11 +112211,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse *pParse, int onError){
 ** Scan the column type name zType (length nType) and return the
 ** associated affinity type.
 **
-** This routine does a case-independent search of zType for the 
+** This routine does a case-independent search of zType for the
 ** substrings in the following table. If one of the substrings is
 ** found, the corresponding affinity is returned. If zType contains
-** more than one of the substrings, entries toward the top of 
-** the table take priority. For example, if zType is 'BLOBINT', 
+** more than one of the substrings, entries toward the top of
+** the table take priority. For example, if zType is 'BLOBINT',
 ** SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER is returned.
 **
 ** Substring     | Affinity
@@ -106846,10 +112320,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   p = pParse->pNewTable;
   if( p!=0 ){
+    int isInit = db->init.busy && db->init.iDb!=1;
     pCol = &(p->aCol[p->nCol-1]);
-    if( !sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(pExpr, db->init.busy) ){
+    if( !sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(pExpr, isInit) ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "default value of column [%s] is not constant",
           pCol->zName);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+    }else if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED ){
+      testcase( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL );
+      testcase( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED );
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot use DEFAULT on a generated column");
+#endif
     }else{
       /* A copy of pExpr is used instead of the original, as pExpr contains
       ** tokens that point to volatile memory.
@@ -106873,7 +112354,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(
 
 /*
 ** Backwards Compatibility Hack:
-** 
+**
 ** Historical versions of SQLite accepted strings as column names in
 ** indexes and PRIMARY KEY constraints and in UNIQUE constraints.  Example:
 **
@@ -106884,7 +112365,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(
 ** accept it.  This routine does the necessary conversion.  It converts
 ** the expression given in its argument from a TK_STRING into a TK_ID
 ** if the expression is just a TK_STRING with an optional COLLATE clause.
-** If the epxression is anything other than TK_STRING, the expression is
+** If the expression is anything other than TK_STRING, the expression is
 ** unchanged.
 */
 static void sqlite3StringToId(Expr *p){
@@ -106896,7 +112377,22 @@ static void sqlite3StringToId(Expr *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** Designate the PRIMARY KEY for the table.  pList is a list of names 
+** Tag the given column as being part of the PRIMARY KEY
+*/
+static void makeColumnPartOfPrimaryKey(Parse *pParse, Column *pCol){
+  pCol->colFlags |= COLFLAG_PRIMKEY;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+  if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED ){
+    testcase( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL );
+    testcase( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED );
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+      "generated columns cannot be part of the PRIMARY KEY");
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+** Designate the PRIMARY KEY for the table.  pList is a list of names
 ** of columns that form the primary key.  If pList is NULL, then the
 ** most recently added column of the table is the primary key.
 **
@@ -106926,7 +112422,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(
   int nTerm;
   if( pTab==0 ) goto primary_key_exit;
   if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasPrimaryKey ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
       "table \"%s\" has more than one primary key", pTab->zName);
     goto primary_key_exit;
   }
@@ -106934,7 +112430,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(
   if( pList==0 ){
     iCol = pTab->nCol - 1;
     pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol];
-    pCol->colFlags |= COLFLAG_PRIMKEY;
+    makeColumnPartOfPrimaryKey(pParse, pCol);
     nTerm = 1;
   }else{
     nTerm = pList->nExpr;
@@ -106947,7 +112443,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(
         for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
           if( sqlite3StrICmp(zCName, pTab->aCol[iCol].zName)==0 ){
             pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol];
-            pCol->colFlags |= COLFLAG_PRIMKEY;
+            makeColumnPartOfPrimaryKey(pParse, pCol);
             break;
           }
         }
@@ -106960,13 +112456,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(
    && sortOrder!=SQLITE_SO_DESC
   ){
     if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && pList ){
-      sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, &pTab->iPKey, pList->a[0].pExpr);
+      Expr *pCExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pList->a[0].pExpr);
+      sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, &pTab->iPKey, pCExpr);
     }
     pTab->iPKey = iCol;
     pTab->keyConf = (u8)onError;
     assert( autoInc==0 || autoInc==1 );
     pTab->tabFlags |= autoInc*TF_Autoincrement;
-    if( pList ) pParse->iPkSortOrder = pList->a[0].sortOrder;
+    if( pList ) pParse->iPkSortOrder = pList->a[0].sortFlags;
+    (void)sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(pParse, pList);
   }else if( autoInc ){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "AUTOINCREMENT is only allowed on an "
@@ -106987,8 +112485,10 @@ primary_key_exit:
 ** Add a new CHECK constraint to the table currently under construction.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(
-  Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing context */
-  Expr *pCheckExpr  /* The check expression */
+  Parse *pParse,      /* Parsing context */
+  Expr *pCheckExpr,   /* The check expression */
+  const char *zStart, /* Opening "(" */
+  const char *zEnd    /* Closing ")" */
 ){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
   Table *pTab = pParse->pNewTable;
@@ -106999,6 +112499,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(
     pTab->pCheck = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pTab->pCheck, pCheckExpr);
     if( pParse->constraintName.n ){
       sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, pTab->pCheck, &pParse->constraintName, 1);
+    }else{
+      Token t;
+      for(zStart++; sqlite3Isspace(zStart[0]); zStart++){}
+      while( sqlite3Isspace(zEnd[-1]) ){ zEnd--; }
+      t.z = zStart;
+      t.n = (int)(zEnd - t.z);
+      sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, pTab->pCheck, &t, 1);
     }
   }else
 #endif
@@ -107017,7 +112524,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse *pParse, Token *pToken){
   char *zColl;              /* Dequoted name of collation sequence */
   sqlite3 *db;
 
-  if( (p = pParse->pNewTable)==0 ) return;
+  if( (p = pParse->pNewTable)==0 || IN_RENAME_OBJECT ) return;
   i = p->nCol-1;
   db = pParse->db;
   zColl = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pToken);
@@ -107027,7 +112534,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse *pParse, Token *pToken){
     Index *pIdx;
     sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aCol[i].zColl);
     p->aCol[i].zColl = zColl;
-  
+
     /* If the column is declared as "<name> PRIMARY KEY COLLATE <type>",
     ** then an index may have been created on this column before the
     ** collation type was added. Correct this if it is the case.
@@ -107043,41 +112550,58 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse *pParse, Token *pToken){
   }
 }
 
-/*
-** This function returns the collation sequence for database native text
-** encoding identified by the string zName, length nName.
-**
-** If the requested collation sequence is not available, or not available
-** in the database native encoding, the collation factory is invoked to
-** request it. If the collation factory does not supply such a sequence,
-** and the sequence is available in another text encoding, then that is
-** returned instead.
-**
-** If no versions of the requested collations sequence are available, or
-** another error occurs, NULL is returned and an error message written into
-** pParse.
-**
-** This routine is a wrapper around sqlite3FindCollSeq().  This routine
-** invokes the collation factory if the named collation cannot be found
-** and generates an error message.
-**
-** See also: sqlite3FindCollSeq(), sqlite3GetCollSeq()
+/* Change the most recently parsed column to be a GENERATED ALWAYS AS
+** column.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char *zName){
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  u8 enc = ENC(db);
-  u8 initbusy = db->init.busy;
-  CollSeq *pColl;
-
-  pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, enc, zName, initbusy);
-  if( !initbusy && (!pColl || !pColl->xCmp) ){
-    pColl = sqlite3GetCollSeq(pParse, enc, pColl, zName);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddGenerated(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, Token *pType){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+  u8 eType = COLFLAG_VIRTUAL;
+  Table *pTab = pParse->pNewTable;
+  Column *pCol;
+  if( pTab==0 ){
+    /* generated column in an CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS that already exists */
+    goto generated_done;
+  }
+  pCol = &(pTab->aCol[pTab->nCol-1]);
+  if( IN_DECLARE_VTAB ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "virtual tables cannot use computed columns");
+    goto generated_done;
+  }
+  if( pCol->pDflt ) goto generated_error;
+  if( pType ){
+    if( pType->n==7 && sqlite3StrNICmp("virtual",pType->z,7)==0 ){
+      /* no-op */
+    }else if( pType->n==6 && sqlite3StrNICmp("stored",pType->z,6)==0 ){
+      eType = COLFLAG_STORED;
+    }else{
+      goto generated_error;
+    }
+  }
+  if( eType==COLFLAG_VIRTUAL ) pTab->nNVCol--;
+  pCol->colFlags |= eType;
+  assert( TF_HasVirtual==COLFLAG_VIRTUAL );
+  assert( TF_HasStored==COLFLAG_STORED );
+  pTab->tabFlags |= eType;
+  if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_PRIMKEY ){
+    makeColumnPartOfPrimaryKey(pParse, pCol); /* For the error message */
   }
+  pCol->pDflt = pExpr;
+  pExpr = 0;
+  goto generated_done;
 
-  return pColl;
+generated_error:
+  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "error in generated column \"%s\"",
+                  pCol->zName);
+generated_done:
+  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pExpr);
+#else
+  /* Throw and error for the GENERATED ALWAYS AS clause if the
+  ** SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS compile-time option is used. */
+  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "generated columns not supported");
+  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pExpr);
+#endif
 }
 
-
 /*
 ** Generate code that will increment the schema cookie.
 **
@@ -107101,7 +112625,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
   assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, iDb, 0) );
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION, 
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION,
                    (int)(1+(unsigned)db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->schema_cookie));
 }
 
@@ -107122,13 +112646,13 @@ static int identLength(const char *z){
 }
 
 /*
-** The first parameter is a pointer to an output buffer. The second 
+** The first parameter is a pointer to an output buffer. The second
 ** parameter is a pointer to an integer that contains the offset at
 ** which to write into the output buffer. This function copies the
 ** nul-terminated string pointed to by the third parameter, zSignedIdent,
 ** to the specified offset in the buffer and updates *pIdx to refer
 ** to the first byte after the last byte written before returning.
-** 
+**
 ** If the string zSignedIdent consists entirely of alpha-numeric
 ** characters, does not begin with a digit and is not an SQL keyword,
 ** then it is copied to the output buffer exactly as it is. Otherwise,
@@ -107172,7 +112696,7 @@ static char *createTableStmt(sqlite3 *db, Table *p){
     n += identLength(pCol->zName) + 5;
   }
   n += identLength(p->zName);
-  if( n<50 ){ 
+  if( n<50 ){
     zSep = "";
     zSep2 = ",";
     zEnd = ")";
@@ -107213,10 +112737,10 @@ static char *createTableStmt(sqlite3 *db, Table *p){
     testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC );
     testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER );
     testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL );
-    
+
     zType = azType[pCol->affinity - SQLITE_AFF_BLOB];
     len = sqlite3Strlen30(zType);
-    assert( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB 
+    assert( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB
             || pCol->affinity==sqlite3AffinityType(zType, 0) );
     memcpy(&zStmt[k], zType, len);
     k += len;
@@ -107235,12 +112759,15 @@ static int resizeIndexObject(sqlite3 *db, Index *pIdx, int N){
   int nByte;
   if( pIdx->nColumn>=N ) return SQLITE_OK;
   assert( pIdx->isResized==0 );
-  nByte = (sizeof(char*) + sizeof(i16) + 1)*N;
+  nByte = (sizeof(char*) + sizeof(LogEst) + sizeof(i16) + 1)*N;
   zExtra = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
   if( zExtra==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   memcpy(zExtra, pIdx->azColl, sizeof(char*)*pIdx->nColumn);
   pIdx->azColl = (const char**)zExtra;
   zExtra += sizeof(char*)*N;
+  memcpy(zExtra, pIdx->aiRowLogEst, sizeof(LogEst)*(pIdx->nKeyCol+1));
+  pIdx->aiRowLogEst = (LogEst*)zExtra;
+  zExtra += sizeof(LogEst)*N;
   memcpy(zExtra, pIdx->aiColumn, sizeof(i16)*pIdx->nColumn);
   pIdx->aiColumn = (i16*)zExtra;
   zExtra += sizeof(i16)*N;
@@ -107280,10 +112807,51 @@ static void estimateIndexWidth(Index *pIdx){
   pIdx->szIdxRow = sqlite3LogEst(wIndex*4);
 }
 
-/* Return true if value x is found any of the first nCol entries of aiCol[]
+/* Return true if column number x is any of the first nCol entries of aiCol[].
+** This is used to determine if the column number x appears in any of the
+** first nCol entries of an index.
 */
 static int hasColumn(const i16 *aiCol, int nCol, int x){
-  while( nCol-- > 0 ) if( x==*(aiCol++) ) return 1;
+  while( nCol-- > 0 ){
+    assert( aiCol[0]>=0 );
+    if( x==*(aiCol++) ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return true if any of the first nKey entries of index pIdx exactly
+** match the iCol-th entry of pPk.  pPk is always a WITHOUT ROWID
+** PRIMARY KEY index.  pIdx is an index on the same table.  pIdx may
+** or may not be the same index as pPk.
+**
+** The first nKey entries of pIdx are guaranteed to be ordinary columns,
+** not a rowid or expression.
+**
+** This routine differs from hasColumn() in that both the column and the
+** collating sequence must match for this routine, but for hasColumn() only
+** the column name must match.
+*/
+static int isDupColumn(Index *pIdx, int nKey, Index *pPk, int iCol){
+  int i, j;
+  assert( nKey<=pIdx->nColumn );
+  assert( iCol<MAX(pPk->nColumn,pPk->nKeyCol) );
+  assert( pPk->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY );
+  assert( pPk->pTable->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid );
+  assert( pPk->pTable==pIdx->pTable );
+  testcase( pPk==pIdx );
+  j = pPk->aiColumn[iCol];
+  assert( j!=XN_ROWID && j!=XN_EXPR );
+  for(i=0; i<nKey; i++){
+    assert( pIdx->aiColumn[i]>=0 || j>=0 );
+    if( pIdx->aiColumn[i]==j
+     && sqlite3StrICmp(pIdx->azColl[i], pPk->azColl[iCol])==0
+    ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -107294,15 +112862,24 @@ static int hasColumn(const i16 *aiCol, int nCol, int x){
 ** high-order bit of colNotIdxed is always 1.  All unindexed columns
 ** of the table have a 1.
 **
+** 2019-10-24:  For the purpose of this computation, virtual columns are
+** not considered to be covered by the index, even if they are in the
+** index, because we do not trust the logic in whereIndexExprTrans() to be
+** able to find all instances of a reference to the indexed table column
+** and convert them into references to the index.  Hence we always want
+** the actual table at hand in order to recompute the virtual column, if
+** necessary.
+**
 ** The colNotIdxed mask is AND-ed with the SrcList.a[].colUsed mask
 ** to determine if the index is covering index.
 */
 static void recomputeColumnsNotIndexed(Index *pIdx){
   Bitmask m = 0;
   int j;
+  Table *pTab = pIdx->pTable;
   for(j=pIdx->nColumn-1; j>=0; j--){
     int x = pIdx->aiColumn[j];
-    if( x>=0 ){
+    if( x>=0 && (pTab->aCol[x].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)==0 ){
       testcase( x==BMS-1 );
       testcase( x==BMS-2 );
       if( x<BMS-1 ) m |= MASKBIT(x);
@@ -107320,11 +112897,11 @@ static void recomputeColumnsNotIndexed(Index *pIdx){
 ** Changes include:
 **
 **     (1)  Set all columns of the PRIMARY KEY schema object to be NOT NULL.
-**     (2)  Convert P3 parameter of the OP_CreateBtree from BTREE_INTKEY 
+**     (2)  Convert P3 parameter of the OP_CreateBtree from BTREE_INTKEY
 **          into BTREE_BLOBKEY.
-**     (3)  Bypass the creation of the sqlite_master table entry
+**     (3)  Bypass the creation of the sqlite_schema table entry
 **          for the PRIMARY KEY as the primary key index is now
-**          identified by the sqlite_master table entry of the table itself.
+**          identified by the sqlite_schema table entry of the table itself.
 **     (4)  Set the Index.tnum of the PRIMARY KEY Index object in the
 **          schema to the rootpage from the main table.
 **     (5)  Add all table columns to the PRIMARY KEY Index object
@@ -107340,6 +112917,7 @@ static void convertToWithoutRowidTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
   Index *pIdx;
   Index *pPk;
   int nPk;
+  int nExtra;
   int i, j;
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
@@ -107352,6 +112930,7 @@ static void convertToWithoutRowidTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
         pTab->aCol[i].notNull = OE_Abort;
       }
     }
+    pTab->tabFlags |= TF_HasNotNull;
   }
 
   /* Convert the P3 operand of the OP_CreateBtree opcode from BTREE_INTKEY
@@ -107363,24 +112942,29 @@ static void convertToWithoutRowidTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
   }
 
   /* Locate the PRIMARY KEY index.  Or, if this table was originally
-  ** an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY table, create a new PRIMARY KEY index. 
+  ** an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY table, create a new PRIMARY KEY index.
   */
   if( pTab->iPKey>=0 ){
     ExprList *pList;
     Token ipkToken;
     sqlite3TokenInit(&ipkToken, pTab->aCol[pTab->iPKey].zName);
-    pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, 
+    pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0,
                   sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ID, &ipkToken, 0));
     if( pList==0 ) return;
-    pList->a[0].sortOrder = pParse->iPkSortOrder;
+    if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
+      sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, pList->a[0].pExpr, &pTab->iPKey);
+    }
+    pList->a[0].sortFlags = pParse->iPkSortOrder;
     assert( pParse->pNewTable==pTab );
+    pTab->iPKey = -1;
     sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, 0, 0, 0, pList, pTab->keyConf, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                        SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY);
     if( db->mallocFailed || pParse->nErr ) return;
     pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
-    pTab->iPKey = -1;
+    assert( pPk->nKeyCol==1 );
   }else{
     pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
+    assert( pPk!=0 );
 
     /*
     ** Remove all redundant columns from the PRIMARY KEY.  For example, change
@@ -107388,9 +112972,12 @@ static void convertToWithoutRowidTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
     ** code assumes the PRIMARY KEY contains no repeated columns.
     */
     for(i=j=1; i<pPk->nKeyCol; i++){
-      if( hasColumn(pPk->aiColumn, j, pPk->aiColumn[i]) ){
+      if( isDupColumn(pPk, j, pPk, i) ){
         pPk->nColumn--;
       }else{
+        testcase( hasColumn(pPk->aiColumn, j, pPk->aiColumn[i]) );
+        pPk->azColl[j] = pPk->azColl[i];
+        pPk->aSortOrder[j] = pPk->aSortOrder[i];
         pPk->aiColumn[j++] = pPk->aiColumn[i];
       }
     }
@@ -107399,15 +112986,15 @@ static void convertToWithoutRowidTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
   assert( pPk!=0 );
   pPk->isCovering = 1;
   if( !db->init.imposterTable ) pPk->uniqNotNull = 1;
-  nPk = pPk->nKeyCol;
+  nPk = pPk->nColumn = pPk->nKeyCol;
 
-  /* Bypass the creation of the PRIMARY KEY btree and the sqlite_master
+  /* Bypass the creation of the PRIMARY KEY btree and the sqlite_schema
   ** table entry. This is only required if currently generating VDBE
   ** code for a CREATE TABLE (not when parsing one as part of reading
   ** a database schema).  */
   if( v && pPk->tnum>0 ){
     assert( db->init.busy==0 );
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeOpcode(v, pPk->tnum, OP_Goto);
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeOpcode(v, (int)pPk->tnum, OP_Goto);
   }
 
   /* The root page of the PRIMARY KEY is the table root page */
@@ -107420,7 +113007,10 @@ static void convertToWithoutRowidTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
     int n;
     if( IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx) ) continue;
     for(i=n=0; i<nPk; i++){
-      if( !hasColumn(pIdx->aiColumn, pIdx->nKeyCol, pPk->aiColumn[i]) ) n++;
+      if( !isDupColumn(pIdx, pIdx->nKeyCol, pPk, i) ){
+        testcase( hasColumn(pIdx->aiColumn, pIdx->nKeyCol, pPk->aiColumn[i]) );
+        n++;
+      }
     }
     if( n==0 ){
       /* This index is a superset of the primary key */
@@ -107429,9 +113019,14 @@ static void convertToWithoutRowidTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
     }
     if( resizeIndexObject(db, pIdx, pIdx->nKeyCol+n) ) return;
     for(i=0, j=pIdx->nKeyCol; i<nPk; i++){
-      if( !hasColumn(pIdx->aiColumn, pIdx->nKeyCol, pPk->aiColumn[i]) ){
+      if( !isDupColumn(pIdx, pIdx->nKeyCol, pPk, i) ){
+        testcase( hasColumn(pIdx->aiColumn, pIdx->nKeyCol, pPk->aiColumn[i]) );
         pIdx->aiColumn[j] = pPk->aiColumn[i];
         pIdx->azColl[j] = pPk->azColl[i];
+        if( pPk->aSortOrder[i] ){
+          /* See ticket https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/bba7b69f9849b5bf */
+          pIdx->bAscKeyBug = 1;
+        }
         j++;
       }
     }
@@ -107441,24 +113036,98 @@ static void convertToWithoutRowidTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
 
   /* Add all table columns to the PRIMARY KEY index
   */
-  if( nPk<pTab->nCol ){
-    if( resizeIndexObject(db, pPk, pTab->nCol) ) return;
-    for(i=0, j=nPk; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-      if( !hasColumn(pPk->aiColumn, j, i) ){
-        assert( j<pPk->nColumn );
-        pPk->aiColumn[j] = i;
-        pPk->azColl[j] = sqlite3StrBINARY;
-        j++;
-      }
+  nExtra = 0;
+  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+    if( !hasColumn(pPk->aiColumn, nPk, i)
+     && (pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)==0 ) nExtra++;
+  }
+  if( resizeIndexObject(db, pPk, nPk+nExtra) ) return;
+  for(i=0, j=nPk; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+    if( !hasColumn(pPk->aiColumn, j, i)
+     && (pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)==0
+    ){
+      assert( j<pPk->nColumn );
+      pPk->aiColumn[j] = i;
+      pPk->azColl[j] = sqlite3StrBINARY;
+      j++;
     }
-    assert( pPk->nColumn==j );
-    assert( pTab->nCol==j );
-  }else{
-    pPk->nColumn = pTab->nCol;
   }
+  assert( pPk->nColumn==j );
+  assert( pTab->nNVCol<=j );
   recomputeColumnsNotIndexed(pPk);
 }
 
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+/*
+** Return true if pTab is a virtual table and zName is a shadow table name
+** for that virtual table.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTab, const char *zName){
+  int nName;                    /* Length of zName */
+  Module *pMod;                 /* Module for the virtual table */
+
+  if( !IsVirtual(pTab) ) return 0;
+  nName = sqlite3Strlen30(pTab->zName);
+  if( sqlite3_strnicmp(zName, pTab->zName, nName)!=0 ) return 0;
+  if( zName[nName]!='_' ) return 0;
+  pMod = (Module*)sqlite3HashFind(&db->aModule, pTab->azModuleArg[0]);
+  if( pMod==0 ) return 0;
+  if( pMod->pModule->iVersion<3 ) return 0;
+  if( pMod->pModule->xShadowName==0 ) return 0;
+  return pMod->pModule->xShadowName(zName+nName+1);
+}
+#endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+/*
+** Return true if zName is a shadow table name in the current database
+** connection.
+**
+** zName is temporarily modified while this routine is running, but is
+** restored to its original value prior to this routine returning.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ShadowTableName(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName){
+  char *zTail;                  /* Pointer to the last "_" in zName */
+  Table *pTab;                  /* Table that zName is a shadow of */
+  zTail = strrchr(zName, '_');
+  if( zTail==0 ) return 0;
+  *zTail = 0;
+  pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zName, 0);
+  *zTail = '_';
+  if( pTab==0 ) return 0;
+  if( !IsVirtual(pTab) ) return 0;
+  return sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(db, pTab, zName);
+}
+#endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+/*
+** Mark all nodes of an expression as EP_Immutable, indicating that
+** they should not be changed.  Expressions attached to a table or
+** index definition are tagged this way to help ensure that we do
+** not pass them into code generator routines by mistake.
+*/
+static int markImmutableExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
+  ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_Immutable);
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+static void markExprListImmutable(ExprList *pList){
+  if( pList ){
+    Walker w;
+    memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
+    w.xExprCallback = markImmutableExprStep;
+    w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkNoop;
+    w.xSelectCallback2 = 0;
+    sqlite3WalkExprList(&w, pList);
+  }
+}
+#else
+#define markExprListImmutable(X)  /* no-op */
+#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
+
+
 /*
 ** This routine is called to report the final ")" that terminates
 ** a CREATE TABLE statement.
@@ -107467,15 +113136,15 @@ static void convertToWithoutRowidTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
 ** is added to the internal hash tables, assuming no errors have
 ** occurred.
 **
-** An entry for the table is made in the master table on disk, unless
+** An entry for the table is made in the schema table on disk, unless
 ** this is a temporary table or db->init.busy==1.  When db->init.busy==1
-** it means we are reading the sqlite_master table because we just
-** connected to the database or because the sqlite_master table has
+** it means we are reading the sqlite_schema table because we just
+** connected to the database or because the sqlite_schema table has
 ** recently changed, so the entry for this table already exists in
-** the sqlite_master table.  We do not want to create it again.
+** the sqlite_schema table.  We do not want to create it again.
 **
 ** If the pSelect argument is not NULL, it means that this routine
-** was called to create a table generated from a 
+** was called to create a table generated from a
 ** "CREATE TABLE ... AS SELECT ..." statement.  The column names of
 ** the new table will match the result set of the SELECT.
 */
@@ -107498,13 +113167,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(
   p = pParse->pNewTable;
   if( p==0 ) return;
 
+  if( pSelect==0 && sqlite3ShadowTableName(db, p->zName) ){
+    p->tabFlags |= TF_Shadow;
+  }
+
   /* If the db->init.busy is 1 it means we are reading the SQL off the
-  ** "sqlite_master" or "sqlite_temp_master" table on the disk.
+  ** "sqlite_schema" or "sqlite_temp_schema" table on the disk.
   ** So do not write to the disk again.  Extract the root page number
   ** for the table from the db->init.newTnum field.  (The page number
   ** should have been put there by the sqliteOpenCb routine.)
   **
-  ** If the root page number is 1, that means this is the sqlite_master
+  ** If the root page number is 1, that means this is the sqlite_schema
   ** table itself.  So mark it read-only.
   */
   if( db->init.busy ){
@@ -107516,6 +113189,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(
     if( p->tnum==1 ) p->tabFlags |= TF_Readonly;
   }
 
+  assert( (p->tabFlags & TF_HasPrimaryKey)==0
+       || p->iPKey>=0 || sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(p)!=0 );
+  assert( (p->tabFlags & TF_HasPrimaryKey)!=0
+       || (p->iPKey<0 && sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(p)==0) );
+
   /* Special processing for WITHOUT ROWID Tables */
   if( tabOpts & TF_WithoutRowid ){
     if( (p->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement) ){
@@ -107525,12 +113203,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(
     }
     if( (p->tabFlags & TF_HasPrimaryKey)==0 ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "PRIMARY KEY missing on table %s", p->zName);
-    }else{
-      p->tabFlags |= TF_WithoutRowid | TF_NoVisibleRowid;
-      convertToWithoutRowidTable(pParse, p);
+      return;
     }
+    p->tabFlags |= TF_WithoutRowid | TF_NoVisibleRowid;
+    convertToWithoutRowidTable(pParse, p);
   }
-
   iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, p->pSchema);
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
@@ -107538,8 +113215,47 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(
   */
   if( p->pCheck ){
     sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(pParse, p, NC_IsCheck, 0, p->pCheck);
+    if( pParse->nErr ){
+      /* If errors are seen, delete the CHECK constraints now, else they might
+      ** actually be used if PRAGMA writable_schema=ON is set. */
+      sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pCheck);
+      p->pCheck = 0;
+    }else{
+      markExprListImmutable(p->pCheck);
+    }
   }
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK) */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+  if( p->tabFlags & TF_HasGenerated ){
+    int ii, nNG = 0;
+    testcase( p->tabFlags & TF_HasVirtual );
+    testcase( p->tabFlags & TF_HasStored );
+    for(ii=0; ii<p->nCol; ii++){
+      u32 colFlags = p->aCol[ii].colFlags;
+      if( (colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)!=0 ){
+        Expr *pX = p->aCol[ii].pDflt;
+        testcase( colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL );
+        testcase( colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED );
+        if( sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(pParse, p, NC_GenCol, pX, 0) ){
+          /* If there are errors in resolving the expression, change the
+          ** expression to a NULL.  This prevents code generators that operate
+          ** on the expression from inserting extra parts into the expression
+          ** tree that have been allocated from lookaside memory, which is
+          ** illegal in a schema and will lead to errors or heap corruption
+          ** when the database connection closes. */
+          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pX);
+          p->aCol[ii].pDflt = sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_NULL, 0, 0);
+        }
+      }else{
+        nNG++;
+      }
+    }
+    if( nNG==0 ){
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "must have at least one non-generated column");
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
 
   /* Estimate the average row size for the table and for all implied indices */
   estimateTableWidth(p);
@@ -107548,7 +113264,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(
   }
 
   /* If not initializing, then create a record for the new table
-  ** in the SQLITE_MASTER table of the database.
+  ** in the schema table of the database.
   **
   ** If this is a TEMPORARY table, write the entry into the auxiliary
   ** file instead of into the main database file.
@@ -107565,7 +113281,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(
 
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, 0);
 
-    /* 
+    /*
     ** Initialize zType for the new view or table.
     */
     if( p->pSelect==0 ){
@@ -107613,10 +113329,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(
       addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 1;
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, addrTop);
       if( pParse->nErr ) return;
-      pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSelect);
+      pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSelect, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB);
       if( pSelTab==0 ) return;
       assert( p->aCol==0 );
-      p->nCol = pSelTab->nCol;
+      p->nCol = p->nNVCol = pSelTab->nCol;
       p->aCol = pSelTab->aCol;
       pSelTab->nCol = 0;
       pSelTab->aCol = 0;
@@ -107644,20 +113360,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(
       Token *pEnd2 = tabOpts ? &pParse->sLastToken : pEnd;
       n = (int)(pEnd2->z - pParse->sNameToken.z);
       if( pEnd2->z[0]!=';' ) n += pEnd2->n;
-      zStmt = sqlite3MPrintf(db, 
+      zStmt = sqlite3MPrintf(db,
           "CREATE %s %.*s", zType2, n, pParse->sNameToken.z
       );
     }
 
-    /* A slot for the record has already been allocated in the 
-    ** SQLITE_MASTER table.  We just need to update that slot with all
+    /* A slot for the record has already been allocated in the
+    ** schema table.  We just need to update that slot with all
     ** the information we've collected.
     */
     sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-      "UPDATE %Q.%s "
-         "SET type='%s', name=%Q, tbl_name=%Q, rootpage=#%d, sql=%Q "
-       "WHERE rowid=#%d",
-      db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, MASTER_NAME,
+      "UPDATE %Q." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE
+      " SET type='%s', name=%Q, tbl_name=%Q, rootpage=#%d, sql=%Q"
+      " WHERE rowid=#%d",
+      db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName,
       zType,
       p->zName,
       p->zName,
@@ -107689,7 +113405,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(
            sqlite3MPrintf(db, "tbl_name='%q' AND type!='trigger'", p->zName));
   }
 
-
   /* Add the table to the in-memory representation of the database.
   */
   if( db->init.busy ){
@@ -107760,6 +113475,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateView(
   ** allocated rather than point to the input string - which means that
   ** they will persist after the current sqlite3_exec() call returns.
   */
+  pSelect->selFlags |= SF_View;
   if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
     p->pSelect = pSelect;
     pSelect = 0;
@@ -107785,7 +113501,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateView(
   sEnd.z = &z[n-1];
   sEnd.n = 1;
 
-  /* Use sqlite3EndTable() to add the view to the SQLITE_MASTER table */
+  /* Use sqlite3EndTable() to add the view to the schema table */
   sqlite3EndTable(pParse, 0, &sEnd, 0, 0);
 
 create_view_fail:
@@ -107845,7 +113561,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Table *pTable){
   ** Actually, the error above is now caught prior to reaching this point.
   ** But the following test is still important as it does come up
   ** in the following:
-  ** 
+  **
   **     CREATE TABLE main.ex1(a);
   **     CREATE TEMP VIEW ex1 AS SELECT a FROM ex1;
   **     SELECT * FROM temp.ex1;
@@ -107866,39 +113582,41 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Table *pTable){
   assert( pTable->pSelect );
   pSel = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pTable->pSelect, 0);
   if( pSel ){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
     u8 eParseMode = pParse->eParseMode;
     pParse->eParseMode = PARSE_MODE_NORMAL;
-#endif
     n = pParse->nTab;
     sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(pParse, pSel->pSrc);
     pTable->nCol = -1;
-    db->lookaside.bDisable++;
+    DisableLookaside;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
     xAuth = db->xAuth;
     db->xAuth = 0;
-    pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSel);
+    pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSel, SQLITE_AFF_NONE);
     db->xAuth = xAuth;
 #else
-    pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSel);
+    pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSel, SQLITE_AFF_NONE);
 #endif
     pParse->nTab = n;
-    if( pTable->pCheck ){
+    if( pSelTab==0 ){
+      pTable->nCol = 0;
+      nErr++;
+    }else if( pTable->pCheck ){
       /* CREATE VIEW name(arglist) AS ...
       ** The names of the columns in the table are taken from
       ** arglist which is stored in pTable->pCheck.  The pCheck field
       ** normally holds CHECK constraints on an ordinary table, but for
       ** a VIEW it holds the list of column names.
       */
-      sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pTable->pCheck, 
+      sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pTable->pCheck,
                                  &pTable->nCol, &pTable->aCol);
-      if( db->mallocFailed==0 
+      if( db->mallocFailed==0
        && pParse->nErr==0
        && pTable->nCol==pSel->pEList->nExpr
       ){
-        sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(pParse, pTable, pSel);
+        sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(pParse, pTable, pSel,
+                                               SQLITE_AFF_NONE);
       }
-    }else if( pSelTab ){
+    }else{
       /* CREATE VIEW name AS...  without an argument list.  Construct
       ** the column names from the SELECT statement that defines the view.
       */
@@ -107908,16 +113626,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Table *pTable){
       pSelTab->nCol = 0;
       pSelTab->aCol = 0;
       assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, 0, pTable->pSchema) );
-    }else{
-      pTable->nCol = 0;
-      nErr++;
     }
+    pTable->nNVCol = pTable->nCol;
     sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pSelTab);
     sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSel);
-    db->lookaside.bDisable--;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
+    EnableLookaside;
     pParse->eParseMode = eParseMode;
-#endif
   } else {
     nErr++;
   }
@@ -107928,7 +113642,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Table *pTable){
     pTable->nCol = 0;
   }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW */
-  return nErr;  
+  return nErr;
 }
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) */
 
@@ -107964,7 +113678,7 @@ static void sqliteViewResetAll(sqlite3 *db, int idx){
 ** on tables and/or indices that are the process of being deleted.
 ** If you are unlucky, one of those deleted indices or tables might
 ** have the same rootpage number as the real table or index that is
-** being moved.  So we cannot stop searching after the first match 
+** being moved.  So we cannot stop searching after the first match
 ** because the first match might be for one of the deleted indices
 ** or tables and not the table/index that is actually being moved.
 ** We must continue looping until all tables and indices with
@@ -107972,7 +113686,7 @@ static void sqliteViewResetAll(sqlite3 *db, int idx){
 ** in order to be certain that we got the right one.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, int iFrom, int iTo){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, Pgno iFrom, Pgno iTo){
   HashElem *pElem;
   Hash *pHash;
   Db *pDb;
@@ -107998,43 +113712,44 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, int iFrom, int iT
 
 /*
 ** Write code to erase the table with root-page iTable from database iDb.
-** Also write code to modify the sqlite_master table and internal schema
+** Also write code to modify the sqlite_schema table and internal schema
 ** if a root-page of another table is moved by the btree-layer whilst
 ** erasing iTable (this can happen with an auto-vacuum database).
-*/ 
+*/
 static void destroyRootPage(Parse *pParse, int iTable, int iDb){
   Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
   int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  assert( iTable>1 );
+  if( iTable<2 ) sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "corrupt schema");
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Destroy, iTable, r1, iDb);
   sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
   /* OP_Destroy stores an in integer r1. If this integer
   ** is non-zero, then it is the root page number of a table moved to
-  ** location iTable. The following code modifies the sqlite_master table to
+  ** location iTable. The following code modifies the sqlite_schema table to
   ** reflect this.
   **
   ** The "#NNN" in the SQL is a special constant that means whatever value
   ** is in register NNN.  See grammar rules associated with the TK_REGISTER
   ** token for additional information.
   */
-  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
-     "UPDATE %Q.%s SET rootpage=%d WHERE #%d AND rootpage=#%d",
-     pParse->db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, MASTER_NAME, iTable, r1, r1);
+  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+     "UPDATE %Q." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE
+     " SET rootpage=%d WHERE #%d AND rootpage=#%d",
+     pParse->db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, iTable, r1, r1);
 #endif
   sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
 }
 
 /*
 ** Write VDBE code to erase table pTab and all associated indices on disk.
-** Code to update the sqlite_master tables and internal schema definitions
+** Code to update the sqlite_schema tables and internal schema definitions
 ** in case a root-page belonging to another table is moved by the btree layer
 ** is also added (this can happen with an auto-vacuum database).
 */
 static void destroyTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
   /* If the database may be auto-vacuum capable (if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
   ** is not defined), then it is important to call OP_Destroy on the
-  ** table and index root-pages in order, starting with the numerically 
+  ** table and index root-pages in order, starting with the numerically
   ** largest root-page number. This guarantees that none of the root-pages
   ** to be destroyed is relocated by an earlier OP_Destroy. i.e. if the
   ** following were coded:
@@ -108044,22 +113759,22 @@ static void destroyTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
   ** OP_Destroy 5 0
   **
   ** and root page 5 happened to be the largest root-page number in the
-  ** database, then root page 5 would be moved to page 4 by the 
+  ** database, then root page 5 would be moved to page 4 by the
   ** "OP_Destroy 4 0" opcode. The subsequent "OP_Destroy 5 0" would hit
   ** a free-list page.
   */
-  int iTab = pTab->tnum;
-  int iDestroyed = 0;
+  Pgno iTab = pTab->tnum;
+  Pgno iDestroyed = 0;
 
   while( 1 ){
     Index *pIdx;
-    int iLargest = 0;
+    Pgno iLargest = 0;
 
     if( iDestroyed==0 || iTab<iDestroyed ){
       iLargest = iTab;
     }
     for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-      int iIdx = pIdx->tnum;
+      Pgno iIdx = pIdx->tnum;
       assert( pIdx->pSchema==pTab->pSchema );
       if( (iDestroyed==0 || (iIdx<iDestroyed)) && iIdx>iLargest ){
         iLargest = iIdx;
@@ -108120,12 +113835,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, int iDb, in
 #endif
 
   /* Drop all triggers associated with the table being dropped. Code
-  ** is generated to remove entries from sqlite_master and/or
-  ** sqlite_temp_master if required.
+  ** is generated to remove entries from sqlite_schema and/or
+  ** sqlite_temp_schema if required.
   */
   pTrigger = sqlite3TriggerList(pParse, pTab);
   while( pTrigger ){
-    assert( pTrigger->pSchema==pTab->pSchema || 
+    assert( pTrigger->pSchema==pTab->pSchema ||
         pTrigger->pSchema==db->aDb[1].pSchema );
     sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(pParse, pTrigger);
     pTrigger = pTrigger->pNext;
@@ -108145,16 +113860,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, int iDb, in
   }
 #endif
 
-  /* Drop all SQLITE_MASTER table and index entries that refer to the
-  ** table. The program name loops through the master table and deletes
+  /* Drop all entries in the schema table that refer to the
+  ** table. The program name loops through the schema table and deletes
   ** every row that refers to a table of the same name as the one being
   ** dropped. Triggers are handled separately because a trigger can be
   ** created in the temp database that refers to a table in another
   ** database.
   */
-  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
-      "DELETE FROM %Q.%s WHERE tbl_name=%Q and type!='trigger'",
-      pDb->zDbSName, MASTER_NAME, pTab->zName);
+  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+      "DELETE FROM %Q." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE
+      " WHERE tbl_name=%Q and type!='trigger'",
+      pDb->zDbSName, pTab->zName);
   if( !isView && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
     destroyTable(pParse, pTab);
   }
@@ -108164,12 +113880,44 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, int iDb, in
   */
   if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VDestroy, iDb, 0, 0, pTab->zName, 0);
+    sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
   }
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTable, iDb, 0, 0, pTab->zName, 0);
   sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
   sqliteViewResetAll(db, iDb);
 }
 
+/*
+** Return TRUE if shadow tables should be read-only in the current
+** context.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(sqlite3 *db){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_Defensive)!=0
+   && db->pVtabCtx==0
+   && db->nVdbeExec==0
+  ){
+    return 1;
+  }
+#endif
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return true if it is not allowed to drop the given table
+*/
+static int tableMayNotBeDropped(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTab){
+  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_", 7)==0 ){
+    if( sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName+7, "stat", 4)==0 ) return 0;
+    if( sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName+7, "parameters", 10)==0 ) return 0;
+    return 1;
+  }
+  if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Shadow)!=0 && sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(db) ){
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
 /*
 ** This routine is called to do the work of a DROP TABLE statement.
 ** pName is the name of the table to be dropped.
@@ -108239,8 +113987,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropTable(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, int isView,
     }
   }
 #endif
-  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_", 7)==0 
-    && sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_stat", 11)!=0 ){
+  if( tableMayNotBeDropped(db, pTab) ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be dropped", pTab->zName);
     goto exit_drop_table;
   }
@@ -108259,7 +114006,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropTable(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, int isView,
   }
 #endif
 
-  /* Generate code to remove the table from the master table
+  /* Generate code to remove the table from the schema table
   ** on disk.
   */
   v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
@@ -108332,7 +114079,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(
   nByte = sizeof(*pFKey) + (nCol-1)*sizeof(pFKey->aCol[0]) + pTo->n + 1;
   if( pToCol ){
     for(i=0; i<pToCol->nExpr; i++){
-      nByte += sqlite3Strlen30(pToCol->a[i].zName) + 1;
+      nByte += sqlite3Strlen30(pToCol->a[i].zEName) + 1;
     }
   }
   pFKey = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte );
@@ -108357,30 +114104,30 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(
     for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
       int j;
       for(j=0; j<p->nCol; j++){
-        if( sqlite3StrICmp(p->aCol[j].zName, pFromCol->a[i].zName)==0 ){
+        if( sqlite3StrICmp(p->aCol[j].zName, pFromCol->a[i].zEName)==0 ){
           pFKey->aCol[i].iFrom = j;
           break;
         }
       }
       if( j>=p->nCol ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-          "unknown column \"%s\" in foreign key definition", 
-          pFromCol->a[i].zName);
+        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+          "unknown column \"%s\" in foreign key definition",
+          pFromCol->a[i].zEName);
         goto fk_end;
       }
       if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
-        sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, &pFKey->aCol[i], pFromCol->a[i].zName);
+        sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, &pFKey->aCol[i], pFromCol->a[i].zEName);
       }
     }
   }
   if( pToCol ){
     for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-      int n = sqlite3Strlen30(pToCol->a[i].zName);
+      int n = sqlite3Strlen30(pToCol->a[i].zEName);
       pFKey->aCol[i].zCol = z;
       if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
-        sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, z, pToCol->a[i].zName);
+        sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, z, pToCol->a[i].zEName);
       }
-      memcpy(z, pToCol->a[i].zName, n);
+      memcpy(z, pToCol->a[i].zEName, n);
       z[n] = 0;
       z += n+1;
     }
@@ -108390,7 +114137,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(
   pFKey->aAction[1] = (u8)((flags >> 8 ) & 0xff);    /* ON UPDATE action */
 
   assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, 0, p->pSchema) );
-  pNextTo = (FKey *)sqlite3HashInsert(&p->pSchema->fkeyHash, 
+  pNextTo = (FKey *)sqlite3HashInsert(&p->pSchema->fkeyHash,
       pFKey->zTo, (void *)pFKey
   );
   if( pNextTo==pFKey ){
@@ -108450,7 +114197,7 @@ static void sqlite3RefillIndex(Parse *pParse, Index *pIndex, int memRootPage){
   int iSorter;                   /* Cursor opened by OpenSorter (if in use) */
   int addr1;                     /* Address of top of loop */
   int addr2;                     /* Address to jump to for next iteration */
-  int tnum;                      /* Root page of index */
+  Pgno tnum;                     /* Root page of index */
   int iPartIdxLabel;             /* Jump to this label to skip a row */
   Vdbe *v;                       /* Generate code into this virtual machine */
   KeyInfo *pKey;                 /* KeyInfo for index */
@@ -108471,7 +114218,7 @@ static void sqlite3RefillIndex(Parse *pParse, Index *pIndex, int memRootPage){
   v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
   if( v==0 ) return;
   if( memRootPage>=0 ){
-    tnum = memRootPage;
+    tnum = (Pgno)memRootPage;
   }else{
     tnum = pIndex->tnum;
   }
@@ -108496,7 +114243,7 @@ static void sqlite3RefillIndex(Parse *pParse, Index *pIndex, int memRootPage){
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iTab, addr1+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
   sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
   if( memRootPage<0 ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Clear, tnum, iDb);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenWrite, iIdx, tnum, iDb, 
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenWrite, iIdx, (int)tnum, iDb,
                     (char *)pKey, P4_KEYINFO);
   sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_BULKCSR|((memRootPage>=0)?OPFLAG_P2ISREG:0));
 
@@ -108510,10 +114257,27 @@ static void sqlite3RefillIndex(Parse *pParse, Index *pIndex, int memRootPage){
     sqlite3UniqueConstraint(pParse, OE_Abort, pIndex);
     sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j2);
   }else{
+    /* Most CREATE INDEX and REINDEX statements that are not UNIQUE can not
+    ** abort. The exception is if one of the indexed expressions contains a
+    ** user function that throws an exception when it is evaluated. But the
+    ** overhead of adding a statement journal to a CREATE INDEX statement is
+    ** very small (since most of the pages written do not contain content that
+    ** needs to be restored if the statement aborts), so we call
+    ** sqlite3MayAbort() for all CREATE INDEX statements.  */
+    sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
     addr2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
   }
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SorterData, iSorter, regRecord, iIdx);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SeekEnd, iIdx);
+  if( !pIndex->bAscKeyBug ){
+    /* This OP_SeekEnd opcode makes index insert for a REINDEX go much
+    ** faster by avoiding unnecessary seeks.  But the optimization does
+    ** not work for UNIQUE constraint indexes on WITHOUT ROWID tables
+    ** with DESC primary keys, since those indexes have there keys in
+    ** a different order from the main table.
+    ** See ticket: https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/bba7b69f9849b5bf
+    */
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SeekEnd, iIdx);
+  }
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iIdx, regRecord);
   sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT);
   sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
@@ -108561,8 +114325,29 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(
 }
 
 /*
-** Create a new index for an SQL table.  pName1.pName2 is the name of the index 
-** and pTblList is the name of the table that is to be indexed.  Both will 
+** If expression list pList contains an expression that was parsed with
+** an explicit "NULLS FIRST" or "NULLS LAST" clause, leave an error in
+** pParse and return non-zero. Otherwise, return zero.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(Parse *pParse, ExprList *pList){
+  if( pList ){
+    int i;
+    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
+      if( pList->a[i].bNulls ){
+        u8 sf = pList->a[i].sortFlags;
+        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unsupported use of NULLS %s",
+            (sf==0 || sf==3) ? "FIRST" : "LAST"
+        );
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Create a new index for an SQL table.  pName1.pName2 is the name of the index
+** and pTblList is the name of the table that is to be indexed.  Both will
 ** be NULL for a primary key or an index that is created to satisfy a
 ** UNIQUE constraint.  If pTable and pIndex are NULL, use pParse->pNewTable
 ** as the table to be indexed.  pParse->pNewTable is a table that is
@@ -108570,7 +114355,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(
 **
 ** pList is a list of columns to be indexed.  pList will be NULL if this
 ** is a primary key or unique-constraint on the most recent column added
-** to the table currently under construction.  
+** to the table currently under construction.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
   Parse *pParse,     /* All information about this parse */
@@ -108611,13 +114396,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
   if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
     goto exit_create_index;
   }
+  if( sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(pParse, pList) ){
+    goto exit_create_index;
+  }
 
   /*
   ** Find the table that is to be indexed.  Return early if not found.
   */
   if( pTblName!=0 ){
 
-    /* Use the two-part index name to determine the database 
+    /* Use the two-part index name to determine the database
     ** to search for the table. 'Fix' the table name to this db
     ** before looking up the table.
     */
@@ -108649,7 +114437,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
     assert( db->mallocFailed==0 || pTab==0 );
     if( pTab==0 ) goto exit_create_index;
     if( iDb==1 && db->aDb[iDb].pSchema!=pTab->pSchema ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
            "cannot create a TEMP index on non-TEMP table \"%s\"",
            pTab->zName);
       goto exit_create_index;
@@ -108666,16 +114454,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
 
   assert( pTab!=0 );
   assert( pParse->nErr==0 );
-  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_", 7)==0 
+  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_", 7)==0
        && db->init.busy==0
+       && pTblName!=0
 #if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
        && sqlite3UserAuthTable(pTab->zName)==0
 #endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_SQLITE_MASTER_INDEX
-       && sqlite3StrICmp(&pTab->zName[7],"master")!=0
-#endif
-       && sqlite3StrNICmp(&pTab->zName[7],"altertab_",9)!=0
- ){
+  ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be indexed", pTab->zName);
     goto exit_create_index;
   }
@@ -108694,10 +114479,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
 
   /*
   ** Find the name of the index.  Make sure there is not already another
-  ** index or table with the same name.  
+  ** index or table with the same name.
   **
   ** Exception:  If we are reading the names of permanent indices from the
-  ** sqlite_master table (because some other process changed the schema) and
+  ** sqlite_schema table (because some other process changed the schema) and
   ** one of the index names collides with the name of a temporary table or
   ** index, then we will continue to process this index.
   **
@@ -108709,7 +114494,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
     zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
     if( zName==0 ) goto exit_create_index;
     assert( pName->z!=0 );
-    if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3CheckObjectName(pParse, zName) ){
+    if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3CheckObjectName(pParse, zName,"index",pTab->zName) ){
       goto exit_create_index;
     }
     if( !IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
@@ -108775,9 +114560,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
               sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ID, &prevCol, 0));
     if( pList==0 ) goto exit_create_index;
     assert( pList->nExpr==1 );
-    sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(pList, sortOrder);
+    sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(pList, sortOrder, SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED);
   }else{
     sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse, pList, "index");
+    if( pParse->nErr ) goto exit_create_index;
   }
 
   /* Figure out how many bytes of space are required to store explicitly
@@ -108791,11 +114577,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
     }
   }
 
-  /* 
-  ** Allocate the index structure. 
+  /*
+  ** Allocate the index structure.
   */
   nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
   nExtraCol = pPk ? pPk->nKeyCol : 1;
+  assert( pList->nExpr + nExtraCol <= 32767 /* Fits in i16 */ );
   pIndex = sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(db, pList->nExpr + nExtraCol,
                                       nName + nExtra + 1, &zExtra);
   if( db->mallocFailed ){
@@ -108868,8 +114655,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
       assert( j<=0x7fff );
       if( j<0 ){
         j = pTab->iPKey;
-      }else if( pTab->aCol[j].notNull==0 ){
-        pIndex->uniqNotNull = 0;
+      }else{
+        if( pTab->aCol[j].notNull==0 ){
+          pIndex->uniqNotNull = 0;
+        }
+        if( pTab->aCol[j].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL ){
+          pIndex->bHasVCol = 1;
+        }
       }
       pIndex->aiColumn[i] = (i16)j;
     }
@@ -108891,7 +114683,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
       goto exit_create_index;
     }
     pIndex->azColl[i] = zColl;
-    requestedSortOrder = pListItem->sortOrder & sortOrderMask;
+    requestedSortOrder = pListItem->sortFlags & sortOrderMask;
     pIndex->aSortOrder[i] = (u8)requestedSortOrder;
   }
 
@@ -108903,9 +114695,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
     for(j=0; j<pPk->nKeyCol; j++){
       int x = pPk->aiColumn[j];
       assert( x>=0 );
-      if( hasColumn(pIndex->aiColumn, pIndex->nKeyCol, x) ){
-        pIndex->nColumn--; 
+      if( isDupColumn(pIndex, pIndex->nKeyCol, pPk, j) ){
+        pIndex->nColumn--;
       }else{
+        testcase( hasColumn(pIndex->aiColumn,pIndex->nKeyCol,x) );
         pIndex->aiColumn[i] = x;
         pIndex->azColl[i] = pPk->azColl[j];
         pIndex->aSortOrder[i] = pPk->aSortOrder[j];
@@ -108922,14 +114715,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
 
   /* If this index contains every column of its table, then mark
   ** it as a covering index */
-  assert( HasRowid(pTab) 
-      || pTab->iPKey<0 || sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(pIndex, pTab->iPKey)>=0 );
+  assert( HasRowid(pTab)
+      || pTab->iPKey<0 || sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(pIndex, pTab->iPKey)>=0 );
   recomputeColumnsNotIndexed(pIndex);
   if( pTblName!=0 && pIndex->nColumn>=pTab->nCol ){
     pIndex->isCovering = 1;
     for(j=0; j<pTab->nCol; j++){
       if( j==pTab->iPKey ) continue;
-      if( sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(pIndex,j)>=0 ) continue;
+      if( sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(pIndex,j)>=0 ) continue;
       pIndex->isCovering = 0;
       break;
     }
@@ -108978,13 +114771,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
         if( pIdx->onError!=pIndex->onError ){
           /* This constraint creates the same index as a previous
           ** constraint specified somewhere in the CREATE TABLE statement.
-          ** However the ON CONFLICT clauses are different. If both this 
+          ** However the ON CONFLICT clauses are different. If both this
           ** constraint and the previous equivalent constraint have explicit
           ** ON CONFLICT clauses this is an error. Otherwise, use the
           ** explicitly specified behavior for the index.
           */
           if( !(pIdx->onError==OE_Default || pIndex->onError==OE_Default) ){
-            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
+            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
                 "conflicting ON CONFLICT clauses specified", 0);
           }
           if( pIdx->onError==OE_Default ){
@@ -108992,6 +114785,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
           }
         }
         if( idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY ) pIdx->idxType = idxType;
+        if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
+          pIndex->pNext = pParse->pNewIndex;
+          pParse->pNewIndex = pIndex;
+          pIndex = 0;
+        }
         goto exit_create_index;
       }
     }
@@ -109000,14 +114798,22 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
   if( !IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
 
     /* Link the new Index structure to its table and to the other
-    ** in-memory database structures. 
+    ** in-memory database structures.
     */
     assert( pParse->nErr==0 );
     if( db->init.busy ){
       Index *p;
       assert( !IN_SPECIAL_PARSE );
       assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, 0, pIndex->pSchema) );
-      p = sqlite3HashInsert(&pIndex->pSchema->idxHash, 
+      if( pTblName!=0 ){
+        pIndex->tnum = db->init.newTnum;
+        if( sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(pIndex) ){
+          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "invalid rootpage");
+          pParse->rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+          goto exit_create_index;
+        }
+      }
+      p = sqlite3HashInsert(&pIndex->pSchema->idxHash,
           pIndex->zName, pIndex);
       if( p ){
         assert( p==pIndex );  /* Malloc must have failed */
@@ -109015,16 +114821,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
         goto exit_create_index;
       }
       db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
-      if( pTblName!=0 ){
-        pIndex->tnum = db->init.newTnum;
-      }
     }
 
     /* If this is the initial CREATE INDEX statement (or CREATE TABLE if the
     ** index is an implied index for a UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint) then
     ** emit code to allocate the index rootpage on disk and make an entry for
-    ** the index in the sqlite_master table and populate the index with
-    ** content.  But, do not do this if we are simply reading the sqlite_master
+    ** the index in the sqlite_schema table and populate the index with
+    ** content.  But, do not do this if we are simply reading the sqlite_schema
     ** table to parse the schema, or if this index is the PRIMARY KEY index
     ** of a WITHOUT ROWID table.
     **
@@ -109044,17 +114847,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
       sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 1, iDb);
 
       /* Create the rootpage for the index using CreateIndex. But before
-      ** doing so, code a Noop instruction and store its address in 
-      ** Index.tnum. This is required in case this index is actually a 
-      ** PRIMARY KEY and the table is actually a WITHOUT ROWID table. In 
+      ** doing so, code a Noop instruction and store its address in
+      ** Index.tnum. This is required in case this index is actually a
+      ** PRIMARY KEY and the table is actually a WITHOUT ROWID table. In
       ** that case the convertToWithoutRowidTable() routine will replace
       ** the Noop with a Goto to jump over the VDBE code generated below. */
-      pIndex->tnum = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Noop);
+      pIndex->tnum = (Pgno)sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Noop);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_CreateBtree, iDb, iMem, BTREE_BLOBKEY);
 
       /* Gather the complete text of the CREATE INDEX statement into
       ** the zStmt variable
       */
+      assert( pName!=0 || pStart==0 );
       if( pStart ){
         int n = (int)(pParse->sLastToken.z - pName->z) + pParse->sLastToken.n;
         if( pName->z[n-1]==';' ) n--;
@@ -109067,11 +114871,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
         zStmt = 0;
       }
 
-      /* Add an entry in sqlite_master for this index
+      /* Add an entry in sqlite_schema for this index
       */
-      sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
-          "INSERT INTO %Q.%s VALUES('index',%Q,%Q,#%d,%Q);",
-          db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, MASTER_NAME,
+      sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
+          "INSERT INTO %Q." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " VALUES('index',%Q,%Q,#%d,%Q);",
+          db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName,
           pIndex->zName,
           pTab->zName,
           iMem,
@@ -109090,29 +114894,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Expire, 0, 1);
       }
 
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, pIndex->tnum);
+      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, (int)pIndex->tnum);
     }
   }
-
-  /* When adding an index to the list of indices for a table, make
-  ** sure all indices labeled OE_Replace come after all those labeled
-  ** OE_Ignore.  This is necessary for the correct constraint check
-  ** processing (in sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks()) as part of
-  ** UPDATE and INSERT statements.  
-  */
   if( db->init.busy || pTblName==0 ){
-    if( onError!=OE_Replace || pTab->pIndex==0
-         || pTab->pIndex->onError==OE_Replace){
-      pIndex->pNext = pTab->pIndex;
-      pTab->pIndex = pIndex;
-    }else{
-      Index *pOther = pTab->pIndex;
-      while( pOther->pNext && pOther->pNext->onError!=OE_Replace ){
-        pOther = pOther->pNext;
-      }
-      pIndex->pNext = pOther->pNext;
-      pOther->pNext = pIndex;
-    }
+    pIndex->pNext = pTab->pIndex;
+    pTab->pIndex = pIndex;
     pIndex = 0;
   }
   else if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
@@ -109124,6 +114911,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateIndex(
   /* Clean up before exiting */
 exit_create_index:
   if( pIndex ) sqlite3FreeIndex(db, pIndex);
+  if( pTab ){  /* Ensure all REPLACE indexes are at the end of the list */
+    Index **ppFrom = &pTab->pIndex;
+    Index *pThis;
+    for(ppFrom=&pTab->pIndex; (pThis = *ppFrom)!=0; ppFrom=&pThis->pNext){
+      Index *pNext;
+      if( pThis->onError!=OE_Replace ) continue;
+      while( (pNext = pThis->pNext)!=0 && pNext->onError!=OE_Replace ){
+        *ppFrom = pNext;
+        pThis->pNext = pNext->pNext;
+        pNext->pNext = pThis;
+        ppFrom = &pNext->pNext;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pPIWhere);
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
   sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTblName);
@@ -109149,21 +114951,33 @@ exit_create_index:
 ** are based on typical values found in actual indices.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index *pIdx){
-  /*                10,  9,  8,  7,  6 */
-  LogEst aVal[] = { 33, 32, 30, 28, 26 };
+               /*                10,  9,  8,  7,  6 */
+  static const LogEst aVal[] = { 33, 32, 30, 28, 26 };
   LogEst *a = pIdx->aiRowLogEst;
+  LogEst x;
   int nCopy = MIN(ArraySize(aVal), pIdx->nKeyCol);
   int i;
 
   /* Indexes with default row estimates should not have stat1 data */
   assert( !pIdx->hasStat1 );
 
-  /* Set the first entry (number of rows in the index) to the estimated 
+  /* Set the first entry (number of rows in the index) to the estimated
   ** number of rows in the table, or half the number of rows in the table
-  ** for a partial index.   But do not let the estimate drop below 10. */
-  a[0] = pIdx->pTable->nRowLogEst;
-  if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere!=0 ) a[0] -= 10;  assert( 10==sqlite3LogEst(2) );
-  if( a[0]<33 ) a[0] = 33;                  assert( 33==sqlite3LogEst(10) );
+  ** for a partial index.
+  **
+  ** 2020-05-27:  If some of the stat data is coming from the sqlite_stat1
+  ** table but other parts we are having to guess at, then do not let the
+  ** estimated number of rows in the table be less than 1000 (LogEst 99).
+  ** Failure to do this can cause the indexes for which we do not have
+  ** stat1 data to be ignored by the query planner.
+  */
+  x = pIdx->pTable->nRowLogEst;
+  assert( 99==sqlite3LogEst(1000) );
+  if( x<99 ){
+    pIdx->pTable->nRowLogEst = x = 99;
+  }
+  if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere!=0 ) x -= 10;  assert( 10==sqlite3LogEst(2) );
+  a[0] = x;
 
   /* Estimate that a[1] is 10, a[2] is 9, a[3] is 8, a[4] is 7, a[5] is
   ** 6 and each subsequent value (if any) is 5.  */
@@ -109226,13 +115040,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, int ifExists
   }
 #endif
 
-  /* Generate code to remove the index and from the master table */
+  /* Generate code to remove the index and from the schema table */
   v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
   if( v ){
     sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 1, iDb);
     sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-       "DELETE FROM %Q.%s WHERE name=%Q AND type='index'",
-       db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, MASTER_NAME, pIndex->zName
+       "DELETE FROM %Q." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " WHERE name=%Q AND type='index'",
+       db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, pIndex->zName
     );
     sqlite3ClearStatTables(pParse, iDb, "idx", pIndex->zName);
     sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
@@ -109269,9 +115083,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(
   int *pIdx         /* Write the index of a new slot here */
 ){
   char *z;
-  int n = *pnEntry;
+  sqlite3_int64 n = *pIdx = *pnEntry;
   if( (n & (n-1))==0 ){
-    int sz = (n==0) ? 1 : 2*n;
+    sqlite3_int64 sz = (n==0) ? 1 : 2*n;
     void *pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pArray, sz*szEntry);
     if( pNew==0 ){
       *pIdx = -1;
@@ -109281,7 +115095,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(
   }
   z = (char*)pArray;
   memset(&z[n * szEntry], 0, szEntry);
-  *pIdx = n;
   ++*pnEntry;
   return pArray;
 }
@@ -109343,6 +115156,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList *pList, const char *zName){
   return -1;
 }
 
+/*
+** Maximum size of a SrcList object.
+** The SrcList object is used to represent the FROM clause of a
+** SELECT statement, and the query planner cannot deal with more
+** than 64 tables in a join.  So any value larger than 64 here
+** is sufficient for most uses.  Smaller values, like say 10, are
+** appropriate for small and memory-limited applications.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_SRCLIST
+# define SQLITE_MAX_SRCLIST 200
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Expand the space allocated for the given SrcList object by
 ** creating nExtra new slots beginning at iStart.  iStart is zero based.
@@ -109359,11 +115184,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList *pList, const char *zName){
 ** the iStart value would be 0.  The result then would
 ** be: nil, nil, nil, A, B.
 **
-** If a memory allocation fails the SrcList is unchanged.  The
-** db->mallocFailed flag will be set to true.
+** If a memory allocation fails or the SrcList becomes too large, leave
+** the original SrcList unchanged, return NULL, and leave an error message
+** in pParse.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(
-  sqlite3 *db,       /* Database connection to notify of OOM errors */
+  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context into which errors are reported */
   SrcList *pSrc,     /* The SrcList to be enlarged */
   int nExtra,        /* Number of new slots to add to pSrc->a[] */
   int iStart         /* Index in pSrc->a[] of first new slot */
@@ -109379,17 +115205,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(
   /* Allocate additional space if needed */
   if( (u32)pSrc->nSrc+nExtra>pSrc->nAlloc ){
     SrcList *pNew;
-    int nAlloc = pSrc->nSrc*2+nExtra;
-    int nGot;
+    sqlite3_int64 nAlloc = 2*(sqlite3_int64)pSrc->nSrc+nExtra;
+    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+
+    if( pSrc->nSrc+nExtra>=SQLITE_MAX_SRCLIST ){
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many FROM clause terms, max: %d",
+                      SQLITE_MAX_SRCLIST);
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if( nAlloc>SQLITE_MAX_SRCLIST ) nAlloc = SQLITE_MAX_SRCLIST;
     pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pSrc,
                sizeof(*pSrc) + (nAlloc-1)*sizeof(pSrc->a[0]) );
     if( pNew==0 ){
       assert( db->mallocFailed );
-      return pSrc;
+      return 0;
     }
     pSrc = pNew;
-    nGot = (sqlite3DbMallocSize(db, pNew) - sizeof(*pSrc))/sizeof(pSrc->a[0])+1;
-    pSrc->nAlloc = nGot;
+    pSrc->nAlloc = nAlloc;
   }
 
   /* Move existing slots that come after the newly inserted slots
@@ -109414,7 +115246,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(
 ** Append a new table name to the given SrcList.  Create a new SrcList if
 ** need be.  A new entry is created in the SrcList even if pTable is NULL.
 **
-** A SrcList is returned, or NULL if there is an OOM error.  The returned
+** A SrcList is returned, or NULL if there is an OOM error or if the
+** SrcList grows to large.  The returned
 ** SrcList might be the same as the SrcList that was input or it might be
 ** a new one.  If an OOM error does occurs, then the prior value of pList
 ** that is input to this routine is automatically freed.
@@ -109423,7 +115256,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(
 ** database name prefix.  Like this:  "database.table".  The pDatabase
 ** points to the table name and the pTable points to the database name.
 ** The SrcList.a[].zName field is filled with the table name which might
-** come from pTable (if pDatabase is NULL) or from pDatabase.  
+** come from pTable (if pDatabase is NULL) or from pDatabase.
 ** SrcList.a[].zDatabase is filled with the database name from pTable,
 ** or with NULL if no database is specified.
 **
@@ -109445,27 +115278,32 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(
 ** before being added to the SrcList.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(
-  sqlite3 *db,        /* Connection to notify of malloc failures */
+  Parse *pParse,      /* Parsing context, in which errors are reported */
   SrcList *pList,     /* Append to this SrcList. NULL creates a new SrcList */
   Token *pTable,      /* Table to append */
   Token *pDatabase    /* Database of the table */
 ){
   struct SrcList_item *pItem;
+  sqlite3 *db;
   assert( pDatabase==0 || pTable!=0 );  /* Cannot have C without B */
-  assert( db!=0 );
+  assert( pParse!=0 );
+  assert( pParse->db!=0 );
+  db = pParse->db;
   if( pList==0 ){
-    pList = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(SrcList) );
+    pList = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(pParse->db, sizeof(SrcList) );
     if( pList==0 ) return 0;
     pList->nAlloc = 1;
     pList->nSrc = 1;
     memset(&pList->a[0], 0, sizeof(pList->a[0]));
     pList->a[0].iCursor = -1;
   }else{
-    pList = sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(db, pList, 1, pList->nSrc);
-  }
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pList);
-    return 0;
+    SrcList *pNew = sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(pParse, pList, 1, pList->nSrc);
+    if( pNew==0 ){
+      sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pList);
+      return 0;
+    }else{
+      pList = pNew;
+    }
   }
   pItem = &pList->a[pList->nSrc-1];
   if( pDatabase && pDatabase->z==0 ){
@@ -109490,7 +115328,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pList){
   assert(pList || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
   if( pList ){
     for(i=0, pItem=pList->a; i<pList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
-      if( pItem->iCursor>=0 ) break;
+      if( pItem->iCursor>=0 ) continue;
       pItem->iCursor = pParse->nTab++;
       if( pItem->pSelect ){
         sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(pParse, pItem->pSelect->pSrc);
@@ -109507,15 +115345,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3 *db, SrcList *pList){
   struct SrcList_item *pItem;
   if( pList==0 ) return;
   for(pItem=pList->a, i=0; i<pList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zDatabase);
+    if( pItem->zDatabase ) sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, pItem->zDatabase);
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zName);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zAlias);
+    if( pItem->zAlias ) sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, pItem->zAlias);
     if( pItem->fg.isIndexedBy ) sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->u1.zIndexedBy);
     if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc ) sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pItem->u1.pFuncArg);
     sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pItem->pTab);
-    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pItem->pSelect);
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pItem->pOn);
-    sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pItem->pUsing);
+    if( pItem->pSelect ) sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pItem->pSelect);
+    if( pItem->pOn ) sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pItem->pOn);
+    if( pItem->pUsing ) sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pItem->pUsing);
   }
   sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, pList);
 }
@@ -109549,12 +115387,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(
   struct SrcList_item *pItem;
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   if( !p && (pOn || pUsing) ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "a JOIN clause is required before %s", 
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "a JOIN clause is required before %s",
       (pOn ? "ON" : "USING")
     );
     goto append_from_error;
   }
-  p = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, p, pTable, pDatabase);
+  p = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse, p, pTable, pDatabase);
   if( p==0 ){
     goto append_from_error;
   }
@@ -109584,7 +115422,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(
 }
 
 /*
-** Add an INDEXED BY or NOT INDEXED clause to the most recently added 
+** Add an INDEXED BY or NOT INDEXED clause to the most recently added
 ** element of the source-list passed as the second argument.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p, Token *pIndexedBy){
@@ -109597,7 +115435,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p, Token *pI
     assert( pItem->fg.isIndexedBy==0 );
     assert( pItem->fg.isTabFunc==0 );
     if( pIndexedBy->n==1 && !pIndexedBy->z ){
-      /* A "NOT INDEXED" clause was supplied. See parse.y 
+      /* A "NOT INDEXED" clause was supplied. See parse.y
       ** construct "indexed_opt" for details. */
       pItem->fg.notIndexed = 1;
     }else{
@@ -109607,6 +115445,26 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p, Token *pI
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** Append the contents of SrcList p2 to SrcList p1 and return the resulting
+** SrcList. Or, if an error occurs, return NULL. In all cases, p1 and p2
+** are deleted by this function.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendList(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p1, SrcList *p2){
+  assert( p1 && p1->nSrc==1 );
+  if( p2 ){
+    SrcList *pNew = sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(pParse, p1, p2->nSrc, 1);
+    if( pNew==0 ){
+      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, p2);
+    }else{
+      p1 = pNew;
+      memcpy(&p1->a[1], p2->a, p2->nSrc*sizeof(struct SrcList_item));
+      sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, p2);
+    }
+  }
+  return p1;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Add the list of function arguments to the SrcList entry for a
 ** table-valued-function.
@@ -109667,7 +115525,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse *pParse, int type){
   if( !v ) return;
   if( type!=TK_DEFERRED ){
     for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Transaction, i, (type==TK_EXCLUSIVE)+1);
+      int eTxnType;
+      Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
+      if( pBt && sqlite3BtreeIsReadonly(pBt) ){
+        eTxnType = 0;  /* Read txn */
+      }else if( type==TK_EXCLUSIVE ){
+        eTxnType = 2;  /* Exclusive txn */
+      }else{
+        eTxnType = 1;  /* Write txn */
+      }
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Transaction, i, eTxnType);
       sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, i);
     }
   }
@@ -109687,7 +115554,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse *pParse, int eType){
   assert( pParse->db!=0 );
   assert( eType==TK_COMMIT || eType==TK_END || eType==TK_ROLLBACK );
   isRollback = eType==TK_ROLLBACK;
-  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_TRANSACTION, 
+  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_TRANSACTION,
        isRollback ? "ROLLBACK" : "COMMIT", 0, 0) ){
     return;
   }
@@ -109699,7 +115566,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse *pParse, int eType){
 
 /*
 ** This function is called by the parser when it parses a command to create,
-** release or rollback an SQL savepoint. 
+** release or rollback an SQL savepoint.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse *pParse, int op, Token *pName){
   char *zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, pName);
@@ -109726,7 +115593,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *pParse){
   if( db->aDb[1].pBt==0 && !pParse->explain ){
     int rc;
     Btree *pBt;
-    static const int flags = 
+    static const int flags =
           SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE |
           SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE |
           SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE |
@@ -109742,7 +115609,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *pParse){
     }
     db->aDb[1].pBt = pBt;
     assert( db->aDb[1].pSchema );
-    if( SQLITE_NOMEM==sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pBt, db->nextPagesize, -1, 0) ){
+    if( SQLITE_NOMEM==sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pBt, db->nextPagesize, 0, 0) ){
       sqlite3OomFault(db);
       return 1;
     }
@@ -109756,13 +115623,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *pParse){
 ** will occur at the end of the top-level VDBE and will be generated
 ** later, by sqlite3FinishCoding().
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
-  Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
-
-  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<pParse->db->nDb );
-  assert( pParse->db->aDb[iDb].pBt!=0 || iDb==1 );
+static void sqlite3CodeVerifySchemaAtToplevel(Parse *pToplevel, int iDb){
+  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<pToplevel->db->nDb );
+  assert( pToplevel->db->aDb[iDb].pBt!=0 || iDb==1 );
   assert( iDb<SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2 );
-  assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(pParse->db, iDb, 0) );
+  assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(pToplevel->db, iDb, 0) );
   if( DbMaskTest(pToplevel->cookieMask, iDb)==0 ){
     DbMaskSet(pToplevel->cookieMask, iDb);
     if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && iDb==1 ){
@@ -109770,9 +115635,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
     }
   }
 }
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
+  sqlite3CodeVerifySchemaAtToplevel(sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse), iDb);
+}
+
 
 /*
-** If argument zDb is NULL, then call sqlite3CodeVerifySchema() for each 
+** If argument zDb is NULL, then call sqlite3CodeVerifySchema() for each
 ** attached database. Otherwise, invoke it for the database named zDb only.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse *pParse, const char *zDb){
@@ -109801,7 +115670,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse *pParse, const char *zDb)
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse *pParse, int setStatement, int iDb){
   Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
-  sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
+  sqlite3CodeVerifySchemaAtToplevel(pToplevel, iDb);
   DbMaskSet(pToplevel->writeMask, iDb);
   pToplevel->isMultiWrite |= setStatement;
 }
@@ -109818,9 +115687,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse *pParse){
   pToplevel->isMultiWrite = 1;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** The code generator calls this routine if is discovers that it is
-** possible to abort a statement prior to completion.  In order to 
+** possible to abort a statement prior to completion.  In order to
 ** perform this abort without corrupting the database, we need to make
 ** sure that the statement is protected by a statement transaction.
 **
@@ -109829,7 +115698,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse *pParse){
 ** such that the abort must occur after the multiwrite.  This makes
 ** some statements involving the REPLACE conflict resolution algorithm
 ** go a little faster.  But taking advantage of this time dependency
-** makes it more difficult to prove that the code is correct (in 
+** makes it more difficult to prove that the code is correct (in
 ** particular, it prevents us from writing an effective
 ** implementation of sqlite3AssertMayAbort()) and so we have chosen
 ** to take the safe route and skip the optimization.
@@ -109852,8 +115721,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3HaltConstraint(
   i8 p4type,        /* P4_STATIC or P4_TRANSIENT */
   u8 p5Errmsg       /* P5_ErrMsg type */
 ){
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  assert( (errCode&0xff)==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT );
+  Vdbe *v;
+  assert( pParse->pVdbe!=0 );
+  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+  assert( (errCode&0xff)==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT || pParse->nested );
   if( onError==OE_Abort ){
     sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
   }
@@ -109874,7 +115745,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(
   StrAccum errMsg;
   Table *pTab = pIdx->pTable;
 
-  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&errMsg, pParse->db, 0, 0, 200);
+  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&errMsg, pParse->db, 0, 0,
+                      pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]);
   if( pIdx->aColExpr ){
     sqlite3_str_appendf(&errMsg, "index '%q'", pIdx->zName);
   }else{
@@ -109889,8 +115761,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(
     }
   }
   zErr = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&errMsg);
-  sqlite3HaltConstraint(pParse, 
-    IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx) ? SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY 
+  sqlite3HaltConstraint(pParse,
+    IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx) ? SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY
                             : SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE,
     onError, zErr, P4_DYNAMIC, P5_ConstraintUnique);
 }
@@ -109902,7 +115774,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RowidConstraint(
   Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing context */
   int onError,      /* Conflict resolution algorithm */
-  Table *pTab       /* The table with the non-unique rowid */ 
+  Table *pTab       /* The table with the non-unique rowid */
 ){
   char *zMsg;
   int rc;
@@ -109943,13 +115815,15 @@ static int collationMatch(const char *zColl, Index *pIndex){
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
 static void reindexTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, char const *zColl){
-  Index *pIndex;              /* An index associated with pTab */
+  if( !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+    Index *pIndex;              /* An index associated with pTab */
 
-  for(pIndex=pTab->pIndex; pIndex; pIndex=pIndex->pNext){
-    if( zColl==0 || collationMatch(zColl, pIndex) ){
-      int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
-      sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
-      sqlite3RefillIndex(pParse, pIndex, -1);
+    for(pIndex=pTab->pIndex; pIndex; pIndex=pIndex->pNext){
+      if( zColl==0 || collationMatch(zColl, pIndex) ){
+        int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
+        sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
+        sqlite3RefillIndex(pParse, pIndex, -1);
+      }
     }
   }
 }
@@ -110070,7 +115944,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse *pParse, Index *pIdx){
       const char *zColl = pIdx->azColl[i];
       pKey->aColl[i] = zColl==sqlite3StrBINARY ? 0 :
                         sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, zColl);
-      pKey->aSortOrder[i] = pIdx->aSortOrder[i];
+      pKey->aSortFlags[i] = pIdx->aSortOrder[i];
+      assert( 0==(pKey->aSortFlags[i] & KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL) );
     }
     if( pParse->nErr ){
       assert( pParse->rc==SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ );
@@ -110093,9 +115968,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse *pParse, Index *pIdx){
 }
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
-/* 
-** This routine is invoked once per CTE by the parser while parsing a 
-** WITH clause. 
+/*
+** This routine is invoked once per CTE by the parser while parsing a
+** WITH clause.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE With *sqlite3WithAdd(
   Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
@@ -110121,7 +115996,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE With *sqlite3WithAdd(
   }
 
   if( pWith ){
-    int nByte = sizeof(*pWith) + (sizeof(pWith->a[1]) * pWith->nCte);
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(*pWith) + (sizeof(pWith->a[1]) * pWith->nCte);
     pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pWith, nByte);
   }else{
     pNew = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*pWith));
@@ -110164,7 +116039,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3 *db, With *pWith){
 /************** End of build.c ***********************************************/
 /************** Begin file callback.c ****************************************/
 /*
-** 2005 May 23 
+** 2005 May 23
 **
 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
@@ -110230,51 +116105,6 @@ static int synthCollSeq(sqlite3 *db, CollSeq *pColl){
   return SQLITE_ERROR;
 }
 
-/*
-** This function is responsible for invoking the collation factory callback
-** or substituting a collation sequence of a different encoding when the
-** requested collation sequence is not available in the desired encoding.
-** 
-** If it is not NULL, then pColl must point to the database native encoding 
-** collation sequence with name zName, length nName.
-**
-** The return value is either the collation sequence to be used in database
-** db for collation type name zName, length nName, or NULL, if no collation
-** sequence can be found.  If no collation is found, leave an error message.
-**
-** See also: sqlite3LocateCollSeq(), sqlite3FindCollSeq()
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(
-  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
-  u8 enc,               /* The desired encoding for the collating sequence */
-  CollSeq *pColl,       /* Collating sequence with native encoding, or NULL */
-  const char *zName     /* Collating sequence name */
-){
-  CollSeq *p;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-
-  p = pColl;
-  if( !p ){
-    p = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, enc, zName, 0);
-  }
-  if( !p || !p->xCmp ){
-    /* No collation sequence of this type for this encoding is registered.
-    ** Call the collation factory to see if it can supply us with one.
-    */
-    callCollNeeded(db, enc, zName);
-    p = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, enc, zName, 0);
-  }
-  if( p && !p->xCmp && synthCollSeq(db, p) ){
-    p = 0;
-  }
-  assert( !p || p->xCmp );
-  if( p==0 ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such collation sequence: %s", zName);
-    pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ;
-  }
-  return p;
-}
-
 /*
 ** This routine is called on a collation sequence before it is used to
 ** check that it is defined. An undefined collation sequence exists when
@@ -110282,7 +116112,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(
 ** that have not been defined by sqlite3_create_collation() etc.
 **
 ** If required, this routine calls the 'collation needed' callback to
-** request a definition of the collating sequence. If this doesn't work, 
+** request a definition of the collating sequence. If this doesn't work,
 ** an equivalent collating sequence that uses a text encoding different
 ** from the main database is substituted, if one is available.
 */
@@ -110336,7 +116166,7 @@ static CollSeq *findCollSeqEntry(
       memcpy(pColl[0].zName, zName, nName);
       pDel = sqlite3HashInsert(&db->aCollSeq, pColl[0].zName, pColl);
 
-      /* If a malloc() failure occurred in sqlite3HashInsert(), it will 
+      /* If a malloc() failure occurred in sqlite3HashInsert(), it will
       ** return the pColl pointer to be deleted (because it wasn't added
       ** to the hash table).
       */
@@ -110367,20 +116197,112 @@ static CollSeq *findCollSeqEntry(
 ** See also: sqlite3LocateCollSeq(), sqlite3GetCollSeq()
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(
-  sqlite3 *db,
-  u8 enc,
-  const char *zName,
-  int create
+  sqlite3 *db,          /* Database connection to search */
+  u8 enc,               /* Desired text encoding */
+  const char *zName,    /* Name of the collating sequence.  Might be NULL */
+  int create            /* True to create CollSeq if doesn't already exist */
 ){
   CollSeq *pColl;
+  assert( SQLITE_UTF8==1 && SQLITE_UTF16LE==2 && SQLITE_UTF16BE==3 );
+  assert( enc>=SQLITE_UTF8 && enc<=SQLITE_UTF16BE );
   if( zName ){
     pColl = findCollSeqEntry(db, zName, create);
+    if( pColl ) pColl += enc-1;
   }else{
     pColl = db->pDfltColl;
   }
-  assert( SQLITE_UTF8==1 && SQLITE_UTF16LE==2 && SQLITE_UTF16BE==3 );
-  assert( enc>=SQLITE_UTF8 && enc<=SQLITE_UTF16BE );
-  if( pColl ) pColl += enc-1;
+  return pColl;
+}
+
+/*
+** Change the text encoding for a database connection. This means that
+** the pDfltColl must change as well.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetTextEncoding(sqlite3 *db, u8 enc){
+  assert( enc==SQLITE_UTF8 || enc==SQLITE_UTF16LE || enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE );
+  db->enc = enc;
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-08308-17224 The default collating function for all
+  ** strings is BINARY.
+  */
+  db->pDfltColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, enc, sqlite3StrBINARY, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is responsible for invoking the collation factory callback
+** or substituting a collation sequence of a different encoding when the
+** requested collation sequence is not available in the desired encoding.
+**
+** If it is not NULL, then pColl must point to the database native encoding
+** collation sequence with name zName, length nName.
+**
+** The return value is either the collation sequence to be used in database
+** db for collation type name zName, length nName, or NULL, if no collation
+** sequence can be found.  If no collation is found, leave an error message.
+**
+** See also: sqlite3LocateCollSeq(), sqlite3FindCollSeq()
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(
+  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
+  u8 enc,               /* The desired encoding for the collating sequence */
+  CollSeq *pColl,       /* Collating sequence with native encoding, or NULL */
+  const char *zName     /* Collating sequence name */
+){
+  CollSeq *p;
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+
+  p = pColl;
+  if( !p ){
+    p = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, enc, zName, 0);
+  }
+  if( !p || !p->xCmp ){
+    /* No collation sequence of this type for this encoding is registered.
+    ** Call the collation factory to see if it can supply us with one.
+    */
+    callCollNeeded(db, enc, zName);
+    p = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, enc, zName, 0);
+  }
+  if( p && !p->xCmp && synthCollSeq(db, p) ){
+    p = 0;
+  }
+  assert( !p || p->xCmp );
+  if( p==0 ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such collation sequence: %s", zName);
+    pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ;
+  }
+  return p;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function returns the collation sequence for database native text
+** encoding identified by the string zName.
+**
+** If the requested collation sequence is not available, or not available
+** in the database native encoding, the collation factory is invoked to
+** request it. If the collation factory does not supply such a sequence,
+** and the sequence is available in another text encoding, then that is
+** returned instead.
+**
+** If no versions of the requested collations sequence are available, or
+** another error occurs, NULL is returned and an error message written into
+** pParse.
+**
+** This routine is a wrapper around sqlite3FindCollSeq().  This routine
+** invokes the collation factory if the named collation cannot be found
+** and generates an error message.
+**
+** See also: sqlite3FindCollSeq(), sqlite3GetCollSeq()
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char *zName){
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  u8 enc = ENC(db);
+  u8 initbusy = db->init.busy;
+  CollSeq *pColl;
+
+  pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, enc, zName, initbusy);
+  if( !initbusy && (!pColl || !pColl->xCmp) ){
+    pColl = sqlite3GetCollSeq(pParse, enc, pColl, zName);
+  }
+
   return pColl;
 }
 
@@ -110394,7 +116316,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(
 ** is also -1.  In other words, we are searching for a function that
 ** takes a variable number of arguments.
 **
-** If nArg is -2 that means that we are searching for any function 
+** If nArg is -2 that means that we are searching for any function
 ** regardless of the number of arguments it uses, so return a positive
 ** match score for any
 **
@@ -110419,12 +116341,13 @@ static int matchQuality(
   u8 enc          /* Desired text encoding */
 ){
   int match;
-
-  /* nArg of -2 is a special case */
-  if( nArg==(-2) ) return (p->xSFunc==0) ? 0 : FUNC_PERFECT_MATCH;
+  assert( p->nArg>=-1 );
 
   /* Wrong number of arguments means "no match" */
-  if( p->nArg!=nArg && p->nArg>=0 ) return 0;
+  if( p->nArg!=nArg ){
+    if( nArg==(-2) ) return (p->xSFunc==0) ? 0 : FUNC_PERFECT_MATCH;
+    if( p->nArg>=0 ) return 0;
+  }
 
   /* Give a better score to a function with a specific number of arguments
   ** than to function that accepts any number of arguments. */
@@ -110448,7 +116371,7 @@ static int matchQuality(
 ** Search a FuncDefHash for a function with the given name.  Return
 ** a pointer to the matching FuncDef if found, or 0 if there is no match.
 */
-static FuncDef *functionSearch(
+SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3FunctionSearch(
   int h,               /* Hash of the name */
   const char *zFunc    /* Name of function */
 ){
@@ -110473,9 +116396,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(
     FuncDef *pOther;
     const char *zName = aDef[i].zName;
     int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-    int h = (zName[0] + nName) % SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ;
+    int h = SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(zName[0], nName);
     assert( zName[0]>='a' && zName[0]<='z' );
-    pOther = functionSearch(h, zName);
+    pOther = sqlite3FunctionSearch(h, zName);
     if( pOther ){
       assert( pOther!=&aDef[i] && pOther->pNext!=&aDef[i] );
       aDef[i].pNext = pOther->pNext;
@@ -110487,8 +116410,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(
     }
   }
 }
-  
-  
+
+
 
 /*
 ** Locate a user function given a name, a number of arguments and a flag
@@ -110549,11 +116472,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(
   ** have fields overwritten with new information appropriate for the
   ** new function.  But the FuncDefs for built-in functions are read-only.
   ** So we must not search for built-ins when creating a new function.
-  */ 
+  */
   if( !createFlag && (pBest==0 || (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin)!=0) ){
     bestScore = 0;
-    h = (sqlite3UpperToLower[(u8)zName[0]] + nName) % SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ;
-    p = functionSearch(h, zName);
+    h = SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(sqlite3UpperToLower[(u8)zName[0]], nName);
+    p = sqlite3FunctionSearch(h, zName);
     while( p ){
       int score = matchQuality(p, nArg, enc);
       if( score>bestScore ){
@@ -110568,7 +116491,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(
   ** exact match for the name, number of arguments and encoding, then add a
   ** new entry to the hash table and return it.
   */
-  if( createFlag && bestScore<FUNC_PERFECT_MATCH && 
+  if( createFlag && bestScore<FUNC_PERFECT_MATCH &&
       (pBest = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*pBest)+nName+1))!=0 ){
     FuncDef *pOther;
     u8 *z;
@@ -110595,7 +116518,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(
 
 /*
 ** Free all resources held by the schema structure. The void* argument points
-** at a Schema struct. This function does not call sqlite3DbFree(db, ) on the 
+** at a Schema struct. This function does not call sqlite3DbFree(db, ) on the
 ** pointer itself, it just cleans up subsidiary resources (i.e. the contents
 ** of the schema hash tables).
 **
@@ -110675,7 +116598,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *db, Btree *pBt){
 ** (as in the FROM clause of a SELECT statement) in this case it contains
 ** the name of a single table, as one might find in an INSERT, DELETE,
 ** or UPDATE statement.  Look up that table in the symbol table and
-** return a pointer.  Set an error message and return NULL if the table 
+** return a pointer.  Set an error message and return NULL if the table
 ** name is not found or if any other error occurs.
 **
 ** The following fields are initialized appropriate in pSrc:
@@ -110687,7 +116610,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *db, Btree *pBt){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pSrc){
   struct SrcList_item *pItem = pSrc->a;
   Table *pTab;
-  assert( pItem && pSrc->nSrc==1 );
+  assert( pItem && pSrc->nSrc>=1 );
   pTab = sqlite3LocateTableItem(pParse, 0, pItem);
   sqlite3DeleteTable(pParse->db, pItem->pTab);
   pItem->pTab = pTab;
@@ -110700,32 +116623,45 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pSrc){
   return pTab;
 }
 
+/* Return true if table pTab is read-only.
+**
+** A table is read-only if any of the following are true:
+**
+**   1) It is a virtual table and no implementation of the xUpdate method
+**      has been provided
+**
+**   2) It is a system table (i.e. sqlite_schema), this call is not
+**      part of a nested parse and writable_schema pragma has not
+**      been specified
+**
+**   3) The table is a shadow table, the database connection is in
+**      defensive mode, and the current sqlite3_prepare()
+**      is for a top-level SQL statement.
+*/
+static int tabIsReadOnly(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
+  sqlite3 *db;
+  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+    return sqlite3GetVTable(pParse->db, pTab)->pMod->pModule->xUpdate==0;
+  }
+  if( (pTab->tabFlags & (TF_Readonly|TF_Shadow))==0 ) return 0;
+  db = pParse->db;
+  if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Readonly)!=0 ){
+    return sqlite3WritableSchema(db)==0 && pParse->nested==0;
+  }
+  assert( pTab->tabFlags & TF_Shadow );
+  return sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(db);
+}
+
 /*
 ** Check to make sure the given table is writable.  If it is not
 ** writable, generate an error message and return 1.  If it is
 ** writable return 0;
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, int viewOk){
-  /* A table is not writable under the following circumstances:
-  **
-  **   1) It is a virtual table and no implementation of the xUpdate method
-  **      has been provided, or
-  **   2) It is a system table (i.e. sqlite_master), this call is not
-  **      part of a nested parse and writable_schema pragma has not 
-  **      been specified.
-  **
-  ** In either case leave an error message in pParse and return non-zero.
-  */
-  if( ( IsVirtual(pTab) 
-     && sqlite3GetVTable(pParse->db, pTab)->pMod->pModule->xUpdate==0 )
-   || ( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Readonly)!=0
-     && (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_WriteSchema)==0
-     && pParse->nested==0 )
-  ){
+  if( tabIsReadOnly(pParse, pTab) ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be modified", pTab->zName);
     return 1;
   }
-
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
   if( !viewOk && pTab->pSelect ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"cannot modify %s because it is a view",pTab->zName);
@@ -110756,7 +116692,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MaterializeView(
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pView->pSchema);
   pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, 0);
-  pFrom = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, 0, 0, 0);
+  pFrom = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse, 0, 0, 0);
   if( pFrom ){
     assert( pFrom->nSrc==1 );
     pFrom->a[0].zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pView->zName);
@@ -110764,7 +116700,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MaterializeView(
     assert( pFrom->a[0].pOn==0 );
     assert( pFrom->a[0].pUsing==0 );
   }
-  pSel = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0, pFrom, pWhere, 0, 0, pOrderBy, 
+  pSel = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0, pFrom, pWhere, 0, 0, pOrderBy,
                           SF_IncludeHidden, pLimit);
   sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, iCur);
   sqlite3Select(pParse, pSel, &dest);
@@ -110813,11 +116749,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(
     return pWhere;
   }
 
-  /* Generate a select expression tree to enforce the limit/offset 
+  /* Generate a select expression tree to enforce the limit/offset
   ** term for the DELETE or UPDATE statement.  For example:
   **   DELETE FROM table_a WHERE col1=1 ORDER BY col2 LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1
   ** becomes:
-  **   DELETE FROM table_a WHERE rowid IN ( 
+  **   DELETE FROM table_a WHERE rowid IN (
   **     SELECT rowid FROM table_a WHERE col1=1 ORDER BY col2 LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1
   **   );
   */
@@ -110855,7 +116791,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(
   pSrc->a[0].pIBIndex = 0;
 
   /* generate the SELECT expression tree. */
-  pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, pEList, pSelectSrc, pWhere, 0 ,0, 
+  pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, pEList, pSelectSrc, pWhere, 0 ,0,
       pOrderBy,0,pLimit
   );
 
@@ -110911,7 +116847,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
   int addrEphOpen = 0;   /* Instruction to open the Ephemeral table */
   int bComplex;          /* True if there are triggers or FKs or
                          ** subqueries in the WHERE clause */
- 
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
   int isView;                  /* True if attempting to delete from a view */
   Trigger *pTrigger;           /* List of table triggers, if required */
@@ -110970,7 +116906,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
   }
   iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
   assert( iDb<db->nDb );
-  rcauth = sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_DELETE, pTab->zName, 0, 
+  rcauth = sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_DELETE, pTab->zName, 0,
                             db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName);
   assert( rcauth==SQLITE_OK || rcauth==SQLITE_DENY || rcauth==SQLITE_IGNORE );
   if( rcauth==SQLITE_DENY ){
@@ -111006,7 +116942,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
   */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
   if( isView ){
-    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, 
+    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab,
         pWhere, pOrderBy, pLimit, iTabCur
     );
     iDataCur = iIdxCur = iTabCur;
@@ -111038,7 +116974,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION
   /* Special case: A DELETE without a WHERE clause deletes everything.
   ** It is easier just to erase the whole table. Prior to version 3.6.5,
-  ** this optimization caused the row change count (the value returned by 
+  ** this optimization caused the row change count (the value returned by
   ** API function sqlite3_count_changes) to be set incorrectly.
   **
   ** The "rcauth==SQLITE_OK" terms is the
@@ -111068,7 +117004,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
   }else
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION */
   {
-    u16 wcf = WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED|WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK|WHERE_SEEK_TABLE;
+    u16 wcf = WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED|WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK;
     if( sNC.ncFlags & NC_VarSelect ) bComplex = 1;
     wcf |= (bComplex ? 0 : WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW);
     if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
@@ -111089,7 +117025,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
       addrEphOpen = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, iEphCur, nPk);
       sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(pParse, pPk);
     }
-  
+
     /* Construct a query to find the rowid or primary key for every row
     ** to be deleted, based on the WHERE clause. Set variable eOnePass
     ** to indicate the strategy used to implement this delete:
@@ -111104,12 +117040,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
     assert( IsVirtual(pTab)==0 || eOnePass!=ONEPASS_MULTI );
     assert( IsVirtual(pTab) || bComplex || eOnePass!=ONEPASS_OFF );
     if( eOnePass!=ONEPASS_SINGLE ) sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
-  
+    if( sqlite3WhereUsesDeferredSeek(pWInfo) ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_FinishSeek, iTabCur);
+    }
+
     /* Keep track of the number of rows to be deleted */
     if( memCnt ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, memCnt, 1);
     }
-  
+
     /* Extract the rowid or primary key for the current row */
     if( pPk ){
       for(i=0; i<nPk; i++){
@@ -111122,7 +117061,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
       iKey = ++pParse->nMem;
       sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iTabCur, -1, iKey);
     }
-  
+
     if( eOnePass!=ONEPASS_OFF ){
       /* For ONEPASS, no need to store the rowid/primary-key. There is only
       ** one, so just keep it in its register(s) and fall through to the
@@ -111138,6 +117077,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
       if( aiCurOnePass[0]>=0 ) aToOpen[aiCurOnePass[0]-iTabCur] = 0;
       if( aiCurOnePass[1]>=0 ) aToOpen[aiCurOnePass[1]-iTabCur] = 0;
       if( addrEphOpen ) sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrEphOpen);
+      addrBypass = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
     }else{
       if( pPk ){
         /* Add the PK key for this row to the temporary table */
@@ -111151,19 +117091,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
         nKey = 1;  /* OP_DeferredSeek always uses a single rowid */
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowSetAdd, iRowSet, iKey);
       }
-    }
-  
-    /* If this DELETE cannot use the ONEPASS strategy, this is the 
-    ** end of the WHERE loop */
-    if( eOnePass!=ONEPASS_OFF ){
-      addrBypass = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-    }else{
       sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
     }
-  
-    /* Unless this is a view, open cursors for the table we are 
+
+    /* Unless this is a view, open cursors for the table we are
     ** deleting from and all its indices. If this is a view, then the
-    ** only effect this statement has is to fire the INSTEAD OF 
+    ** only effect this statement has is to fire the INSTEAD OF
     ** triggers.
     */
     if( !isView ){
@@ -111176,9 +117109,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
                                  iTabCur, aToOpen, &iDataCur, &iIdxCur);
       assert( pPk || IsVirtual(pTab) || iDataCur==iTabCur );
       assert( pPk || IsVirtual(pTab) || iIdxCur==iDataCur+1 );
-      if( eOnePass==ONEPASS_MULTI ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iAddrOnce);
+      if( eOnePass==ONEPASS_MULTI ){
+        sqlite3VdbeJumpHereOrPopInst(v, iAddrOnce);
+      }
     }
-  
+
     /* Set up a loop over the rowids/primary-keys that were found in the
     ** where-clause loop above.
     */
@@ -111201,8 +117136,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
       addrLoop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowSetRead, iRowSet, 0, iKey);
       VdbeCoverage(v);
       assert( nKey==1 );
-    }  
-  
+    }
+
     /* Delete the row */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
     if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
@@ -111225,7 +117160,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
       sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(pParse, pTab, pTrigger, iDataCur, iIdxCur,
           iKey, nKey, count, OE_Default, eOnePass, aiCurOnePass[1]);
     }
-  
+
     /* End of the loop over all rowids/primary-keys. */
     if( eOnePass!=ONEPASS_OFF ){
       sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrBypass);
@@ -111236,7 +117171,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
     }else{
       sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, addrLoop);
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrLoop);
-    }     
+    }
   } /* End non-truncate path */
 
   /* Update the sqlite_sequence table by storing the content of the
@@ -111247,7 +117182,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
     sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(pParse);
   }
 
-  /* Return the number of rows that were deleted. If this routine is 
+  /* Return the number of rows that were deleted. If this routine is
   ** generating code because of a call to sqlite3NestedParse(), do not
   ** invoke the callback function.
   */
@@ -111261,7 +117196,7 @@ delete_from_cleanup:
   sqlite3AuthContextPop(&sContext);
   sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) 
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT)
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pOrderBy);
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pLimit);
 #endif
@@ -111306,7 +117241,7 @@ delete_from_cleanup:
 **   and nPk before reading from it.
 **
 **   If eMode is ONEPASS_MULTI, then this call is being made as part
-**   of a ONEPASS delete that affects multiple rows. In this case, if 
+**   of a ONEPASS delete that affects multiple rows. In this case, if
 **   iIdxNoSeek is a valid cursor number (>=0) and is not the same as
 **   iDataCur, then its position should be preserved following the delete
 **   operation. Or, if iIdxNoSeek is not a valid cursor number, the
@@ -111342,17 +117277,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
   VdbeModuleComment((v, "BEGIN: GenRowDel(%d,%d,%d,%d)",
                          iDataCur, iIdxCur, iPk, (int)nPk));
 
-  /* Seek cursor iCur to the row to delete. If this row no longer exists 
+  /* Seek cursor iCur to the row to delete. If this row no longer exists
   ** (this can happen if a trigger program has already deleted it), do
   ** not attempt to delete it or fire any DELETE triggers.  */
-  iLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+  iLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
   opSeek = HasRowid(pTab) ? OP_NotExists : OP_NotFound;
   if( eMode==ONEPASS_OFF ){
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, opSeek, iDataCur, iLabel, iPk, nPk);
     VdbeCoverageIf(v, opSeek==OP_NotExists);
     VdbeCoverageIf(v, opSeek==OP_NotFound);
   }
- 
+
   /* If there are any triggers to fire, allocate a range of registers to
   ** use for the old.* references in the triggers.  */
   if( sqlite3FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0, 0) || pTrigger ){
@@ -111369,24 +117304,25 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
     iOld = pParse->nMem+1;
     pParse->nMem += (1 + pTab->nCol);
 
-    /* Populate the OLD.* pseudo-table register array. These values will be 
+    /* Populate the OLD.* pseudo-table register array. These values will be
     ** used by any BEFORE and AFTER triggers that exist.  */
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, iPk, iOld);
     for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
       testcase( mask!=0xffffffff && iCol==31 );
       testcase( mask!=0xffffffff && iCol==32 );
       if( mask==0xffffffff || (iCol<=31 && (mask & MASKBIT32(iCol))!=0) ){
-        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur, iCol, iOld+iCol+1);
+        int kk = sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, iCol);
+        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur, iCol, iOld+kk+1);
       }
     }
 
     /* Invoke BEFORE DELETE trigger programs. */
     addrStart = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, 
+    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger,
         TK_DELETE, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE, pTab, iOld, onconf, iLabel
     );
 
-    /* If any BEFORE triggers were coded, then seek the cursor to the 
+    /* If any BEFORE triggers were coded, then seek the cursor to the
     ** row to be deleted again. It may be that the BEFORE triggers moved
     ** the cursor or already deleted the row that the cursor was
     ** pointing to.
@@ -111403,21 +117339,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
     }
 
     /* Do FK processing. This call checks that any FK constraints that
-    ** refer to this table (i.e. constraints attached to other tables) 
+    ** refer to this table (i.e. constraints attached to other tables)
     ** are not violated by deleting this row.  */
     sqlite3FkCheck(pParse, pTab, iOld, 0, 0, 0);
   }
 
   /* Delete the index and table entries. Skip this step if pTab is really
   ** a view (in which case the only effect of the DELETE statement is to
-  ** fire the INSTEAD OF triggers).  
+  ** fire the INSTEAD OF triggers).
   **
   ** If variable 'count' is non-zero, then this OP_Delete instruction should
   ** invoke the update-hook. The pre-update-hook, on the other hand should
   ** be invoked unless table pTab is a system table. The difference is that
-  ** the update-hook is not invoked for rows removed by REPLACE, but the 
+  ** the update-hook is not invoked for rows removed by REPLACE, but the
   ** pre-update-hook is.
-  */ 
+  */
   if( pTab->pSelect==0 ){
     u8 p5 = 0;
     sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, iDataCur, iIdxCur,0,iIdxNoSeek);
@@ -111437,16 +117373,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
 
   /* Do any ON CASCADE, SET NULL or SET DEFAULT operations required to
   ** handle rows (possibly in other tables) that refer via a foreign key
-  ** to the row just deleted. */ 
+  ** to the row just deleted. */
   sqlite3FkActions(pParse, pTab, 0, iOld, 0, 0);
 
   /* Invoke AFTER DELETE trigger programs. */
-  sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, 
+  sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger,
       TK_DELETE, 0, TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, iOld, onconf, iLabel
   );
 
   /* Jump here if the row had already been deleted before any BEFORE
-  ** trigger programs were invoked. Or if a trigger program throws a 
+  ** trigger programs were invoked. Or if a trigger program throws a
   ** RAISE(IGNORE) exception.  */
   sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iLabel);
   VdbeModuleComment((v, "END: GenRowDel()"));
@@ -111498,6 +117434,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(
         &iPartIdxLabel, pPrior, r1);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IdxDelete, iIdxCur+i, r1,
         pIdx->uniqNotNull ? pIdx->nKeyCol : pIdx->nColumn);
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);  /* Cause IdxDelete to error if no entry found */
     sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(pParse, iPartIdxLabel);
     pPrior = pIdx;
   }
@@ -111530,7 +117467,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(
 ** its key into the same sequence of registers and if pPrior and pIdx share
 ** a column in common, then the register corresponding to that column already
 ** holds the correct value and the loading of that register is skipped.
-** This optimization is helpful when doing a DELETE or an INTEGRITY_CHECK 
+** This optimization is helpful when doing a DELETE or an INTEGRITY_CHECK
 ** on a table with multiple indices, and especially with the ROWID or
 ** PRIMARY KEY columns of the index.
 */
@@ -111551,11 +117488,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(
 
   if( piPartIdxLabel ){
     if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
-      *piPartIdxLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+      *piPartIdxLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
       pParse->iSelfTab = iDataCur + 1;
-      sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(pParse, pIdx->pPartIdxWhere, *piPartIdxLabel, 
+      sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(pParse, pIdx->pPartIdxWhere, *piPartIdxLabel,
                             SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
       pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
+      pPrior = 0; /* Ticket a9efb42811fa41ee 2019-11-02;
+                  ** pPartIdxWhere may have corrupted regPrior registers */
     }else{
       *piPartIdxLabel = 0;
     }
@@ -111582,10 +117521,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(
   }
   if( regOut ){
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regBase, nCol, regOut);
-    if( pIdx->pTable->pSelect ){
-      const char *zAff = sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(pParse->db, pIdx);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, zAff, P4_TRANSIENT);
-    }
   }
   sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regBase, nCol);
   return regBase;
@@ -111622,6 +117557,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse *pParse, int iLabel){
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 /* #include <stdlib.h> */
 /* #include <assert.h> */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
+/* #include <math.h> */
+#endif
 /* #include "vdbeInt.h" */
 
 /*
@@ -111744,7 +117682,7 @@ static void lengthFunc(
 ** Implementation of the abs() function.
 **
 ** IMP: R-23979-26855 The abs(X) function returns the absolute value of
-** the numeric argument X. 
+** the numeric argument X.
 */
 static void absFunc(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
   assert( argc==1 );
@@ -111761,7 +117699,7 @@ static void absFunc(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
           return;
         }
         iVal = -iVal;
-      } 
+      }
       sqlite3_result_int64(context, iVal);
       break;
     }
@@ -111807,6 +117745,9 @@ static void instrFunc(
   int typeHaystack, typeNeedle;
   int N = 1;
   int isText;
+  unsigned char firstChar;
+  sqlite3_value *pC1 = 0;
+  sqlite3_value *pC2 = 0;
 
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
   typeHaystack = sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]);
@@ -111819,13 +117760,26 @@ static void instrFunc(
       zHaystack = sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
       zNeedle = sqlite3_value_blob(argv[1]);
       isText = 0;
-    }else{
+    }else if( typeHaystack!=SQLITE_BLOB && typeNeedle!=SQLITE_BLOB ){
       zHaystack = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
       zNeedle = sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
       isText = 1;
+    }else{
+      pC1 = sqlite3_value_dup(argv[0]);
+      zHaystack = sqlite3_value_text(pC1);
+      if( zHaystack==0 ) goto endInstrOOM;
+      nHaystack = sqlite3_value_bytes(pC1);
+      pC2 = sqlite3_value_dup(argv[1]);
+      zNeedle = sqlite3_value_text(pC2);
+      if( zNeedle==0 ) goto endInstrOOM;
+      nNeedle = sqlite3_value_bytes(pC2);
+      isText = 1;
     }
-    if( zNeedle==0 || (nHaystack && zHaystack==0) ) return;
-    while( nNeedle<=nHaystack && memcmp(zHaystack, zNeedle, nNeedle)!=0 ){
+    if( zNeedle==0 || (nHaystack && zHaystack==0) ) goto endInstrOOM;
+    firstChar = zNeedle[0];
+    while( nNeedle<=nHaystack
+       && (zHaystack[0]!=firstChar || memcmp(zHaystack, zNeedle, nNeedle)!=0)
+    ){
       N++;
       do{
         nHaystack--;
@@ -111835,6 +117789,13 @@ static void instrFunc(
     if( nNeedle>nHaystack ) N = 0;
   }
   sqlite3_result_int(context, N);
+endInstr:
+  sqlite3_value_free(pC1);
+  sqlite3_value_free(pC2);
+  return;
+endInstrOOM:
+  sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
+  goto endInstr;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -111988,10 +117949,10 @@ static void roundFunc(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
   ** handle the rounding directly,
   ** otherwise use printf.
   */
-  if( n==0 && r>=0 && r<LARGEST_INT64-1 ){
-    r = (double)((sqlite_int64)(r+0.5));
-  }else if( n==0 && r<0 && (-r)<LARGEST_INT64-1 ){
-    r = -(double)((sqlite_int64)((-r)+0.5));
+  if( r<-4503599627370496.0 || r>+4503599627370496.0 ){
+    /* The value has no fractional part so there is nothing to round */
+  }else if( n==0 ){
+    r = (double)((sqlite_int64)(r+(r<0?-0.5:+0.5)));
   }else{
     zBuf = sqlite3_mprintf("%.*f",n,r);
     if( zBuf==0 ){
@@ -112083,7 +118044,7 @@ static void lowerFunc(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
 #define noopFunc versionFunc   /* Substitute function - never called */
 
 /*
-** Implementation of random().  Return a random integer.  
+** Implementation of random().  Return a random integer.
 */
 static void randomFunc(
   sqlite3_context *context,
@@ -112094,11 +118055,11 @@ static void randomFunc(
   UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
   sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(r), &r);
   if( r<0 ){
-    /* We need to prevent a random number of 0x8000000000000000 
+    /* We need to prevent a random number of 0x8000000000000000
     ** (or -9223372036854775808) since when you do abs() of that
     ** number of you get the same value back again.  To do this
     ** in a way that is testable, mask the sign bit off of negative
-    ** values, resulting in a positive value.  Then take the 
+    ** values, resulting in a positive value.  Then take the
     ** 2s complement of that positive value.  The end result can
     ** therefore be no less than -9223372036854775807.
     */
@@ -112116,11 +118077,11 @@ static void randomBlob(
   int argc,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
-  int n;
+  sqlite3_int64 n;
   unsigned char *p;
   assert( argc==1 );
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  n = sqlite3_value_int(argv[0]);
+  n = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[0]);
   if( n<1 ){
     n = 1;
   }
@@ -112136,8 +118097,8 @@ static void randomBlob(
 ** value is the same as the sqlite3_last_insert_rowid() API function.
 */
 static void last_insert_rowid(
-  sqlite3_context *context, 
-  int NotUsed, 
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int NotUsed,
   sqlite3_value **NotUsed2
 ){
   sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
@@ -112245,7 +118206,7 @@ static const struct compareInfo likeInfoAlt = { '%', '_',   0, 0 };
 ** it the last character in the list.
 **
 ** Like matching rules:
-** 
+**
 **      '%'       Matches any sequence of zero or more characters
 **
 ***     '_'       Matches any one character
@@ -112268,7 +118229,7 @@ static int patternCompare(
   u32 matchAll = pInfo->matchAll;  /* "*" or "%" */
   u8 noCase = pInfo->noCase;       /* True if uppercase==lowercase */
   const u8 *zEscaped = 0;          /* One past the last escaped input char */
-  
+
   while( (c = Utf8Read(zPattern))!=0 ){
     if( c==matchAll ){  /* Match "*" */
       /* Skip over multiple "*" characters in the pattern.  If there
@@ -112424,8 +118385,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_like_count = 0;
 ** the GLOB operator.
 */
 static void likeFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context, 
-  int argc, 
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
   const unsigned char *zA, *zB;
@@ -112433,6 +118394,7 @@ static void likeFunc(
   int nPat;
   sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
   struct compareInfo *pInfo = sqlite3_user_data(context);
+  struct compareInfo backupInfo;
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS
   if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_BLOB
@@ -112445,8 +118407,6 @@ static void likeFunc(
     return;
   }
 #endif
-  zB = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  zA = sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
 
   /* Limit the length of the LIKE or GLOB pattern to avoid problems
   ** of deep recursion and N*N behavior in patternCompare().
@@ -112458,8 +118418,6 @@ static void likeFunc(
     sqlite3_result_error(context, "LIKE or GLOB pattern too complex", -1);
     return;
   }
-  assert( zB==sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]) );  /* Encoding did not change */
-
   if( argc==3 ){
     /* The escape character string must consist of a single UTF-8 character.
     ** Otherwise, return an error.
@@ -112467,14 +118425,22 @@ static void likeFunc(
     const unsigned char *zEsc = sqlite3_value_text(argv[2]);
     if( zEsc==0 ) return;
     if( sqlite3Utf8CharLen((char*)zEsc, -1)!=1 ){
-      sqlite3_result_error(context, 
+      sqlite3_result_error(context,
           "ESCAPE expression must be a single character", -1);
       return;
     }
     escape = sqlite3Utf8Read(&zEsc);
+    if( escape==pInfo->matchAll || escape==pInfo->matchOne ){
+      memcpy(&backupInfo, pInfo, sizeof(backupInfo));
+      pInfo = &backupInfo;
+      if( escape==pInfo->matchAll ) pInfo->matchAll = 0;
+      if( escape==pInfo->matchOne ) pInfo->matchOne = 0;
+    }
   }else{
     escape = pInfo->matchSet;
   }
+  zB = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+  zA = sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
   if( zA && zB ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
     sqlite3_like_count++;
@@ -112572,8 +118538,8 @@ static void compileoptionusedFunc(
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
 
 /*
-** Implementation of the sqlite_compileoption_get() function. 
-** The result is a string that identifies the compiler options 
+** Implementation of the sqlite_compileoption_get() function.
+** The result is a string that identifies the compiler options
 ** used to build SQLite.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
@@ -112597,7 +118563,7 @@ static void compileoptiongetFunc(
 ** digits. */
 static const char hexdigits[] = {
   '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
-  '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' 
+  '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'
 };
 
 /*
@@ -112632,7 +118598,7 @@ static void quoteFunc(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
       char const *zBlob = sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
       int nBlob = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
       assert( zBlob==sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]) ); /* No encoding change */
-      zText = (char *)contextMalloc(context, (2*(i64)nBlob)+4); 
+      zText = (char *)contextMalloc(context, (2*(i64)nBlob)+4);
       if( zText ){
         int i;
         for(i=0; i<nBlob; i++){
@@ -112681,7 +118647,7 @@ static void quoteFunc(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
 
 /*
 ** The unicode() function.  Return the integer unicode code-point value
-** for the first character of the input string. 
+** for the first character of the input string.
 */
 static void unicodeFunc(
   sqlite3_context *context,
@@ -112837,7 +118803,7 @@ static void replaceFunc(
   if( zOut==0 ){
     return;
   }
-  loopLimit = nStr - nPattern;  
+  loopLimit = nStr - nPattern;
   cntExpand = 0;
   for(i=j=0; i<=loopLimit; i++){
     if( zStr[i]!=zPattern[0] || memcmp(&zStr[i], zPattern, nPattern) ){
@@ -112858,7 +118824,7 @@ static void replaceFunc(
           ** whose index is a power of two: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, ... */
           u8 *zOld;
           zOld = zOut;
-          zOut = sqlite3_realloc64(zOut, (int)nOut + (nOut - nStr - 1));
+          zOut = sqlite3Realloc(zOut, (int)nOut + (nOut - nStr - 1));
           if( zOut==0 ){
             sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
             sqlite3_free(zOld);
@@ -112993,7 +118959,7 @@ static void unknownFunc(
 ** Compute the soundex encoding of a word.
 **
 ** IMP: R-59782-00072 The soundex(X) function returns a string that is the
-** soundex encoding of the string X. 
+** soundex encoding of the string X.
 */
 static void soundexFunc(
   sqlite3_context *context,
@@ -113082,7 +119048,7 @@ static void loadExt(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
 typedef struct SumCtx SumCtx;
 struct SumCtx {
   double rSum;      /* Floating point sum */
-  i64 iSum;         /* Integer sum */   
+  i64 iSum;         /* Integer sum */
   i64 cnt;          /* Number of elements summed */
   u8 overflow;      /* True if integer overflow seen */
   u8 approx;        /* True if non-integer value was input to the sum */
@@ -113196,13 +119162,13 @@ static void countStep(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
   /* The sqlite3_aggregate_count() function is deprecated.  But just to make
-  ** sure it still operates correctly, verify that its count agrees with our 
+  ** sure it still operates correctly, verify that its count agrees with our
   ** internal count when using count(*) and when the total count can be
   ** expressed as a 32-bit integer. */
   assert( argc==1 || p==0 || p->n>0x7fffffff || p->bInverse
           || p->n==sqlite3_aggregate_count(context) );
 #endif
-}   
+}
 static void countFinalize(sqlite3_context *context){
   CountCtx *p;
   p = sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, 0);
@@ -113219,7 +119185,7 @@ static void countInverse(sqlite3_context *ctx, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
     p->bInverse = 1;
 #endif
   }
-}   
+}
 #else
 # define countInverse 0
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC */
@@ -113228,8 +119194,8 @@ static void countInverse(sqlite3_context *ctx, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
 ** Routines to implement min() and max() aggregate functions.
 */
 static void minmaxStep(
-  sqlite3_context *context, 
-  int NotUsed, 
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int NotUsed,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
   Mem *pArg  = (Mem *)argv[0];
@@ -113361,8 +119327,8 @@ static void groupConcatFinalize(sqlite3_context *context){
       sqlite3_result_error_toobig(context);
     }else if( pAccum->accError==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
       sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
-    }else{    
-      sqlite3_result_text(context, sqlite3StrAccumFinish(pAccum), -1, 
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_result_text(context, sqlite3StrAccumFinish(pAccum), -1,
                           sqlite3_free);
     }
   }
@@ -113376,7 +119342,7 @@ static void groupConcatValue(sqlite3_context *context){
       sqlite3_result_error_toobig(context);
     }else if( pAccum->accError==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
       sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
-    }else{    
+    }else{
       const char *zText = sqlite3_str_value(pAccum);
       sqlite3_result_text(context, zText, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
     }
@@ -113400,42 +119366,31 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3 *db){
 }
 
 /*
-** Set the LIKEOPT flag on the 2-argument function with the given name.
-*/
-static void setLikeOptFlag(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, u8 flagVal){
-  FuncDef *pDef;
-  pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, zName, 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
-  if( ALWAYS(pDef) ){
-    pDef->funcFlags |= flagVal;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Register the built-in LIKE and GLOB functions.  The caseSensitive
+** Re-register the built-in LIKE functions.  The caseSensitive
 ** parameter determines whether or not the LIKE operator is case
-** sensitive.  GLOB is always case sensitive.
+** sensitive.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3 *db, int caseSensitive){
   struct compareInfo *pInfo;
+  int flags;
   if( caseSensitive ){
     pInfo = (struct compareInfo*)&likeInfoAlt;
+    flags = SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE | SQLITE_FUNC_CASE;
   }else{
     pInfo = (struct compareInfo*)&likeInfoNorm;
+    flags = SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE;
   }
   sqlite3CreateFunc(db, "like", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, pInfo, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
   sqlite3CreateFunc(db, "like", 3, SQLITE_UTF8, pInfo, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-  sqlite3CreateFunc(db, "glob", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 
-      (struct compareInfo*)&globInfo, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-  setLikeOptFlag(db, "glob", SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE | SQLITE_FUNC_CASE);
-  setLikeOptFlag(db, "like", 
-      caseSensitive ? (SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE | SQLITE_FUNC_CASE) : SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE);
+  sqlite3FindFunction(db, "like", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0)->funcFlags |= flags;
+  sqlite3FindFunction(db, "like", 3, SQLITE_UTF8, 0)->funcFlags |= flags;
 }
 
 /*
 ** pExpr points to an expression which implements a function.  If
 ** it is appropriate to apply the LIKE optimization to that function
 ** then set aWc[0] through aWc[2] to the wildcard characters and the
-** escape character and then return TRUE.  If the function is not a 
+** escape character and then return TRUE.  If the function is not a
 ** LIKE-style function then return FALSE.
 **
 ** The expression "a LIKE b ESCAPE c" is only considered a valid LIKE
@@ -113457,9 +119412,22 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pExpr, int *pIsNocas
   assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
   nExpr = pExpr->x.pList->nExpr;
   pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, pExpr->u.zToken, nExpr, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNKNOWN_SQL_FUNCTION
+  if( pDef==0 ) return 0;
+#endif
   if( NEVER(pDef==0) || (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE)==0 ){
     return 0;
   }
+
+  /* The memcpy() statement assumes that the wildcard characters are
+  ** the first three statements in the compareInfo structure.  The
+  ** asserts() that follow verify that assumption
+  */
+  memcpy(aWc, pDef->pUserData, 3);
+  assert( (char*)&likeInfoAlt == (char*)&likeInfoAlt.matchAll );
+  assert( &((char*)&likeInfoAlt)[1] == (char*)&likeInfoAlt.matchOne );
+  assert( &((char*)&likeInfoAlt)[2] == (char*)&likeInfoAlt.matchSet );
+
   if( nExpr<3 ){
     aWc[3] = 0;
   }else{
@@ -113468,17 +119436,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pExpr, int *pIsNocas
     if( pEscape->op!=TK_STRING ) return 0;
     zEscape = pEscape->u.zToken;
     if( zEscape[0]==0 || zEscape[1]!=0 ) return 0;
+    if( zEscape[0]==aWc[0] ) return 0;
+    if( zEscape[0]==aWc[1] ) return 0;
     aWc[3] = zEscape[0];
   }
 
-  /* The memcpy() statement assumes that the wildcard characters are
-  ** the first three statements in the compareInfo structure.  The
-  ** asserts() that follow verify that assumption
-  */
-  memcpy(aWc, pDef->pUserData, 3);
-  assert( (char*)&likeInfoAlt == (char*)&likeInfoAlt.matchAll );
-  assert( &((char*)&likeInfoAlt)[1] == (char*)&likeInfoAlt.matchOne );
-  assert( &((char*)&likeInfoAlt)[2] == (char*)&likeInfoAlt.matchSet );
   *pIsNocase = (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_CASE)==0;
   return 1;
 }
@@ -113502,12 +119464,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void){
   ** For peak efficiency, put the most frequently used function last.
   */
   static FuncDef aBuiltinFunc[] = {
+/***** Functions only available with SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS *****/
+    TEST_FUNC(implies_nonnull_row, 2, INLINEFUNC_implies_nonnull_row, 0),
+    TEST_FUNC(expr_compare,        2, INLINEFUNC_expr_compare,        0),
+    TEST_FUNC(expr_implies_expr,   2, INLINEFUNC_expr_implies_expr,   0),
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    TEST_FUNC(affinity,          1, INLINEFUNC_affinity, 0),
+#endif
+/***** Regular functions *****/
 #ifdef SQLITE_SOUNDEX
     FUNCTION(soundex,            1, 0, 0, soundexFunc      ),
 #endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-    VFUNCTION(load_extension,    1, 0, 0, loadExt          ),
-    VFUNCTION(load_extension,    2, 0, 0, loadExt          ),
+    SFUNCTION(load_extension,    1, 0, 0, loadExt          ),
+    SFUNCTION(load_extension,    2, 0, 0, loadExt          ),
 #endif
 #if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
     FUNCTION(sqlite_crypt,       2, 0, 0, sqlite3CryptFunc ),
@@ -113516,12 +119486,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void){
     DFUNCTION(sqlite_compileoption_used,1, 0, 0, compileoptionusedFunc  ),
     DFUNCTION(sqlite_compileoption_get, 1, 0, 0, compileoptiongetFunc  ),
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
-    FUNCTION2(unlikely,          1, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY),
-    FUNCTION2(likelihood,        2, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY),
-    FUNCTION2(likely,            1, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY),
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    FUNCTION2(affinity,          1, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_AFFINITY),
-#endif
+    INLINE_FUNC(unlikely,        1, INLINEFUNC_unlikely, SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY),
+    INLINE_FUNC(likelihood,      2, INLINEFUNC_unlikely, SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY),
+    INLINE_FUNC(likely,          1, INLINEFUNC_unlikely, SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY),
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
     FUNCTION2(sqlite_offset,     1, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET|
                                                      SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF),
@@ -113554,7 +119521,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void){
     FUNCTION(upper,              1, 0, 0, upperFunc        ),
     FUNCTION(lower,              1, 0, 0, lowerFunc        ),
     FUNCTION(hex,                1, 0, 0, hexFunc          ),
-    FUNCTION2(ifnull,            2, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE),
+    INLINE_FUNC(ifnull,          2, INLINEFUNC_coalesce, 0 ),
     VFUNCTION(random,            0, 0, 0, randomFunc       ),
     VFUNCTION(randomblob,        1, 0, 0, randomBlob       ),
     FUNCTION(nullif,             2, 0, 1, nullifFunc       ),
@@ -113569,18 +119536,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void){
     FUNCTION(zeroblob,           1, 0, 0, zeroblobFunc     ),
     FUNCTION(substr,             2, 0, 0, substrFunc       ),
     FUNCTION(substr,             3, 0, 0, substrFunc       ),
+    FUNCTION(substring,          2, 0, 0, substrFunc       ),
+    FUNCTION(substring,          3, 0, 0, substrFunc       ),
     WAGGREGATE(sum,   1,0,0, sumStep, sumFinalize, sumFinalize, sumInverse, 0),
     WAGGREGATE(total, 1,0,0, sumStep,totalFinalize,totalFinalize,sumInverse, 0),
     WAGGREGATE(avg,   1,0,0, sumStep, avgFinalize, avgFinalize, sumInverse, 0),
-    WAGGREGATE(count, 0,0,0, countStep, 
+    WAGGREGATE(count, 0,0,0, countStep,
         countFinalize, countFinalize, countInverse, SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT  ),
-    WAGGREGATE(count, 1,0,0, countStep, 
+    WAGGREGATE(count, 1,0,0, countStep,
         countFinalize, countFinalize, countInverse, 0  ),
-    WAGGREGATE(group_concat, 1, 0, 0, groupConcatStep, 
+    WAGGREGATE(group_concat, 1, 0, 0, groupConcatStep,
         groupConcatFinalize, groupConcatValue, groupConcatInverse, 0),
-    WAGGREGATE(group_concat, 2, 0, 0, groupConcatStep, 
+    WAGGREGATE(group_concat, 2, 0, 0, groupConcatStep,
         groupConcatFinalize, groupConcatValue, groupConcatInverse, 0),
-  
+
     LIKEFUNC(glob, 2, &globInfo, SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE|SQLITE_FUNC_CASE),
 #ifdef SQLITE_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE
     LIKEFUNC(like, 2, &likeInfoAlt, SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE|SQLITE_FUNC_CASE),
@@ -113594,15 +119563,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void){
 #endif
     FUNCTION(coalesce,           1, 0, 0, 0                ),
     FUNCTION(coalesce,           0, 0, 0, 0                ),
-    FUNCTION2(coalesce,         -1, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE),
+    INLINE_FUNC(coalesce,       -1, INLINEFUNC_coalesce, 0 ),
+    INLINE_FUNC(iif,             3, INLINEFUNC_iif,      0 ),
   };
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
   sqlite3AlterFunctions();
 #endif
   sqlite3WindowFunctions();
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4)
-  sqlite3AnalyzeFunctions();
-#endif
   sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions();
   sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(aBuiltinFunc, ArraySize(aBuiltinFunc));
 
@@ -113650,25 +119617,25 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void){
 ** Foreign keys in SQLite come in two flavours: deferred and immediate.
 ** If an immediate foreign key constraint is violated,
 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY is returned and the current
-** statement transaction rolled back. If a 
-** deferred foreign key constraint is violated, no action is taken 
-** immediately. However if the application attempts to commit the 
+** statement transaction rolled back. If a
+** deferred foreign key constraint is violated, no action is taken
+** immediately. However if the application attempts to commit the
 ** transaction before fixing the constraint violation, the attempt fails.
 **
 ** Deferred constraints are implemented using a simple counter associated
-** with the database handle. The counter is set to zero each time a 
-** database transaction is opened. Each time a statement is executed 
+** with the database handle. The counter is set to zero each time a
+** database transaction is opened. Each time a statement is executed
 ** that causes a foreign key violation, the counter is incremented. Each
 ** time a statement is executed that removes an existing violation from
 ** the database, the counter is decremented. When the transaction is
 ** committed, the commit fails if the current value of the counter is
 ** greater than zero. This scheme has two big drawbacks:
 **
-**   * When a commit fails due to a deferred foreign key constraint, 
+**   * When a commit fails due to a deferred foreign key constraint,
 **     there is no way to tell which foreign constraint is not satisfied,
 **     or which row it is not satisfied for.
 **
-**   * If the database contains foreign key violations when the 
+**   * If the database contains foreign key violations when the
 **     transaction is opened, this may cause the mechanism to malfunction.
 **
 ** Despite these problems, this approach is adopted as it seems simpler
@@ -113680,26 +119647,26 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void){
 **        the parent table for a match. If none is found increment the
 **        constraint counter.
 **
-**   I.2) For each FK for which the table is the parent table, 
+**   I.2) For each FK for which the table is the parent table,
 **        search the child table for rows that correspond to the new
 **        row in the parent table. Decrement the counter for each row
 **        found (as the constraint is now satisfied).
 **
 ** DELETE operations:
 **
-**   D.1) For each FK for which the table is the child table, 
-**        search the parent table for a row that corresponds to the 
-**        deleted row in the child table. If such a row is not found, 
+**   D.1) For each FK for which the table is the child table,
+**        search the parent table for a row that corresponds to the
+**        deleted row in the child table. If such a row is not found,
 **        decrement the counter.
 **
-**   D.2) For each FK for which the table is the parent table, search 
-**        the child table for rows that correspond to the deleted row 
+**   D.2) For each FK for which the table is the parent table, search
+**        the child table for rows that correspond to the deleted row
 **        in the parent table. For each found increment the counter.
 **
 ** UPDATE operations:
 **
 **   An UPDATE command requires that all 4 steps above are taken, but only
-**   for FK constraints for which the affected columns are actually 
+**   for FK constraints for which the affected columns are actually
 **   modified (values must be compared at runtime).
 **
 ** Note that I.1 and D.1 are very similar operations, as are I.2 and D.2.
@@ -113708,10 +119675,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void){
 ** For the purposes of immediate FK constraints, the OR REPLACE conflict
 ** resolution is considered to delete rows before the new row is inserted.
 ** If a delete caused by OR REPLACE violates an FK constraint, an exception
-** is thrown, even if the FK constraint would be satisfied after the new 
+** is thrown, even if the FK constraint would be satisfied after the new
 ** row is inserted.
 **
-** Immediate constraints are usually handled similarly. The only difference 
+** Immediate constraints are usually handled similarly. The only difference
 ** is that the counter used is stored as part of each individual statement
 ** object (struct Vdbe). If, after the statement has run, its immediate
 ** constraint counter is greater than zero,
@@ -113722,7 +119689,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void){
 ** INSERT violates a foreign key constraint. This is necessary as such
 ** an INSERT does not open a statement transaction.
 **
-** TODO: How should dropping a table be handled? How should renaming a 
+** TODO: How should dropping a table be handled? How should renaming a
 ** table be handled?
 **
 **
@@ -113733,7 +119700,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void){
 ** for those two operations needs to know whether or not the operation
 ** requires any FK processing and, if so, which columns of the original
 ** row are required by the FK processing VDBE code (i.e. if FKs were
-** implemented using triggers, which of the old.* columns would be 
+** implemented using triggers, which of the old.* columns would be
 ** accessed). No information is required by the code-generator before
 ** coding an INSERT operation. The functions used by the UPDATE/DELETE
 ** generation code to query for this information are:
@@ -113770,13 +119737,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void){
 /*
 ** A foreign key constraint requires that the key columns in the parent
 ** table are collectively subject to a UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint.
-** Given that pParent is the parent table for foreign key constraint pFKey, 
-** search the schema for a unique index on the parent key columns. 
+** Given that pParent is the parent table for foreign key constraint pFKey,
+** search the schema for a unique index on the parent key columns.
+**
+** If successful, zero is returned. If the parent key is an INTEGER PRIMARY
+** KEY column, then output variable *ppIdx is set to NULL. Otherwise, *ppIdx
+** is set to point to the unique index.
 **
-** If successful, zero is returned. If the parent key is an INTEGER PRIMARY 
-** KEY column, then output variable *ppIdx is set to NULL. Otherwise, *ppIdx 
-** is set to point to the unique index. 
-** 
 ** If the parent key consists of a single column (the foreign key constraint
 ** is not a composite foreign key), output variable *paiCol is set to NULL.
 ** Otherwise, it is set to point to an allocated array of size N, where
@@ -113799,8 +119766,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void){
 **      PRIMARY KEY, or
 **
 **   4) No parent key columns were provided explicitly as part of the
-**      foreign key definition, and the PRIMARY KEY of the parent table 
-**      consists of a different number of columns to the child key in 
+**      foreign key definition, and the PRIMARY KEY of the parent table
+**      consists of a different number of columns to the child key in
 **      the child table.
 **
 ** then non-zero is returned, and a "foreign key mismatch" error loaded
@@ -113824,9 +119791,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(
   assert( !paiCol || *paiCol==0 );
   assert( pParse );
 
-  /* If this is a non-composite (single column) foreign key, check if it 
-  ** maps to the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY of table pParent. If so, leave *ppIdx 
-  ** and *paiCol set to zero and return early. 
+  /* If this is a non-composite (single column) foreign key, check if it
+  ** maps to the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY of table pParent. If so, leave *ppIdx
+  ** and *paiCol set to zero and return early.
   **
   ** Otherwise, for a composite foreign key (more than one column), allocate
   ** space for the aiCol array (returned via output parameter *paiCol).
@@ -113835,7 +119802,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(
   if( nCol==1 ){
     /* The FK maps to the IPK if any of the following are true:
     **
-    **   1) There is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column and the FK is implicitly 
+    **   1) There is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column and the FK is implicitly
     **      mapped to the primary key of table pParent, or
     **   2) The FK is explicitly mapped to a column declared as INTEGER
     **      PRIMARY KEY.
@@ -113852,14 +119819,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(
   }
 
   for(pIdx=pParent->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-    if( pIdx->nKeyCol==nCol && IsUniqueIndex(pIdx) && pIdx->pPartIdxWhere==0 ){ 
+    if( pIdx->nKeyCol==nCol && IsUniqueIndex(pIdx) && pIdx->pPartIdxWhere==0 ){
       /* pIdx is a UNIQUE index (or a PRIMARY KEY) and has the right number
       ** of columns. If each indexed column corresponds to a foreign key
       ** column of pFKey, then this index is a winner.  */
 
       if( zKey==0 ){
-        /* If zKey is NULL, then this foreign key is implicitly mapped to 
-        ** the PRIMARY KEY of table pParent. The PRIMARY KEY index may be 
+        /* If zKey is NULL, then this foreign key is implicitly mapped to
+        ** the PRIMARY KEY of table pParent. The PRIMARY KEY index may be
         ** identified by the test.  */
         if( IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx) ){
           if( aiCol ){
@@ -113917,15 +119884,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is called when a row is inserted into or deleted from the 
-** child table of foreign key constraint pFKey. If an SQL UPDATE is executed 
+** This function is called when a row is inserted into or deleted from the
+** child table of foreign key constraint pFKey. If an SQL UPDATE is executed
 ** on the child table of pFKey, this function is invoked twice for each row
 ** affected - once to "delete" the old row, and then again to "insert" the
 ** new row.
 **
 ** Each time it is called, this function generates VDBE code to locate the
-** row in the parent table that corresponds to the row being inserted into 
-** or deleted from the child table. If the parent row can be found, no 
+** row in the parent table that corresponds to the row being inserted into
+** or deleted from the child table. If the parent row can be found, no
 ** special action is taken. Otherwise, if the parent row can *not* be
 ** found in the parent table:
 **
@@ -113939,7 +119906,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(
 **
 **   DELETE      deferred    Decrement the "deferred constraint counter".
 **
-** These operations are identified in the comment at the top of this file 
+** These operations are identified in the comment at the top of this file
 ** (fkey.c) as "I.1" and "D.1".
 */
 static void fkLookupParent(
@@ -113956,27 +119923,27 @@ static void fkLookupParent(
   int i;                                    /* Iterator variable */
   Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);         /* Vdbe to add code to */
   int iCur = pParse->nTab - 1;              /* Cursor number to use */
-  int iOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);        /* jump here if parent key found */
+  int iOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);   /* jump here if parent key found */
 
   sqlite3VdbeVerifyAbortable(v,
     (!pFKey->isDeferred
       && !(pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_DeferFKs)
-      && !pParse->pToplevel 
+      && !pParse->pToplevel
       && !pParse->isMultiWrite) ? OE_Abort : OE_Ignore);
 
   /* If nIncr is less than zero, then check at runtime if there are any
   ** outstanding constraints to resolve. If there are not, there is no need
   ** to check if deleting this row resolves any outstanding violations.
   **
-  ** Check if any of the key columns in the child table row are NULL. If 
-  ** any are, then the constraint is considered satisfied. No need to 
+  ** Check if any of the key columns in the child table row are NULL. If
+  ** any are, then the constraint is considered satisfied. No need to
   ** search for a matching row in the parent table.  */
   if( nIncr<0 ){
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkIfZero, pFKey->isDeferred, iOk);
     VdbeCoverage(v);
   }
   for(i=0; i<pFKey->nCol; i++){
-    int iReg = aiCol[i] + regData + 1;
+    int iReg = sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pFKey->pFrom,aiCol[i]) + regData + 1;
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, iReg, iOk); VdbeCoverage(v);
   }
 
@@ -113986,16 +119953,17 @@ static void fkLookupParent(
       ** column of the parent table (table pTab).  */
       int iMustBeInt;               /* Address of MustBeInt instruction */
       int regTemp = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  
-      /* Invoke MustBeInt to coerce the child key value to an integer (i.e. 
+
+      /* Invoke MustBeInt to coerce the child key value to an integer (i.e.
       ** apply the affinity of the parent key). If this fails, then there
       ** is no matching parent key. Before using MustBeInt, make a copy of
       ** the value. Otherwise, the value inserted into the child key column
       ** will have INTEGER affinity applied to it, which may not be correct.  */
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, aiCol[0]+1+regData, regTemp);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy,
+        sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pFKey->pFrom,aiCol[0])+1+regData, regTemp);
       iMustBeInt = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_MustBeInt, regTemp, 0);
       VdbeCoverage(v);
-  
+
       /* If the parent table is the same as the child table, and we are about
       ** to increment the constraint-counter (i.e. this is an INSERT operation),
       ** then check if the row being inserted matches itself. If so, do not
@@ -114004,7 +119972,7 @@ static void fkLookupParent(
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, regData, iOk, regTemp); VdbeCoverage(v);
         sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_NOTNULL);
       }
-  
+
       sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iCur, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, 0, regTemp); VdbeCoverage(v);
       sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, iOk);
@@ -114015,19 +119983,21 @@ static void fkLookupParent(
       int nCol = pFKey->nCol;
       int regTemp = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nCol);
       int regRec = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  
+
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenRead, iCur, pIdx->tnum, iDb);
       sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(pParse, pIdx);
       for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, aiCol[i]+1+regData, regTemp+i);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy,
+               sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pFKey->pFrom, aiCol[i])+1+regData,
+               regTemp+i);
       }
-  
+
       /* If the parent table is the same as the child table, and we are about
       ** to increment the constraint-counter (i.e. this is an INSERT operation),
       ** then check if the row being inserted matches itself. If so, do not
-      ** increment the constraint-counter. 
+      ** increment the constraint-counter.
       **
-      ** If any of the parent-key values are NULL, then the row cannot match 
+      ** If any of the parent-key values are NULL, then the row cannot match
       ** itself. So set JUMPIFNULL to make sure we do the OP_Found if any
       ** of the parent-key values are NULL (at this point it is known that
       ** none of the child key values are).
@@ -114035,8 +120005,11 @@ static void fkLookupParent(
       if( pTab==pFKey->pFrom && nIncr==1 ){
         int iJump = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + nCol + 1;
         for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-          int iChild = aiCol[i]+1+regData;
-          int iParent = pIdx->aiColumn[i]+1+regData;
+          int iChild = sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pFKey->pFrom,aiCol[i])
+                              +1+regData;
+          int iParent = 1+regData;
+          iParent += sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pIdx->pTable,
+                                                 pIdx->aiColumn[i]);
           assert( pIdx->aiColumn[i]>=0 );
           assert( aiCol[i]!=pTab->iPKey );
           if( pIdx->aiColumn[i]==pTab->iPKey ){
@@ -114048,19 +120021,19 @@ static void fkLookupParent(
         }
         sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, iOk);
       }
-  
+
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTemp, nCol, regRec,
                         sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(pParse->db,pIdx), nCol);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iCur, iOk, regRec, 0); VdbeCoverage(v);
-  
+
       sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRec);
       sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regTemp, nCol);
     }
   }
 
   if( !pFKey->isDeferred && !(pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_DeferFKs)
-   && !pParse->pToplevel 
-   && !pParse->isMultiWrite 
+   && !pParse->pToplevel
+   && !pParse->isMultiWrite
   ){
     /* Special case: If this is an INSERT statement that will insert exactly
     ** one row into the table, raise a constraint immediately instead of
@@ -114104,14 +120077,14 @@ static Expr *exprTableRegister(
   if( pExpr ){
     if( iCol>=0 && iCol!=pTab->iPKey ){
       pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol];
-      pExpr->iTable = regBase + iCol + 1;
-      pExpr->affinity = pCol->affinity;
+      pExpr->iTable = regBase + sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab,iCol) + 1;
+      pExpr->affExpr = pCol->affinity;
       zColl = pCol->zColl;
       if( zColl==0 ) zColl = db->pDfltColl->zName;
       pExpr = sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pParse, pExpr, zColl);
     }else{
       pExpr->iTable = regBase;
-      pExpr->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
+      pExpr->affExpr = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
     }
   }
   return pExpr;
@@ -114129,7 +120102,7 @@ static Expr *exprTableColumn(
 ){
   Expr *pExpr = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_COLUMN, 0);
   if( pExpr ){
-    pExpr->pTab = pTab;
+    pExpr->y.pTab = pTab;
     pExpr->iTable = iCursor;
     pExpr->iColumn = iCol;
   }
@@ -114138,7 +120111,7 @@ static Expr *exprTableColumn(
 
 /*
 ** This function is called to generate code executed when a row is deleted
-** from the parent table of foreign key constraint pFKey and, if pFKey is 
+** from the parent table of foreign key constraint pFKey and, if pFKey is
 ** deferred, when a row is inserted into the same table. When generating
 ** code for an SQL UPDATE operation, this function may be called twice -
 ** once to "delete" the old row and once to "insert" the new row.
@@ -114165,7 +120138,7 @@ static Expr *exprTableColumn(
 **
 **   INSERT      deferred    Decrement the "deferred constraint counter".
 **
-** These operations are identified in the comment at the top of this file 
+** These operations are identified in the comment at the top of this file
 ** (fkey.c) as "I.2" and "D.2".
 */
 static void fkScanChildren(
@@ -114208,7 +120181,7 @@ static void fkScanChildren(
     Expr *pLeft;                  /* Value from parent table row */
     Expr *pRight;                 /* Column ref to child table */
     Expr *pEq;                    /* Expression (pLeft = pRight) */
-    i16 iCol;                     /* Index of column in child table */ 
+    i16 iCol;                     /* Index of column in child table */
     const char *zCol;             /* Name of column in child table */
 
     iCol = pIdx ? pIdx->aiColumn[i] : -1;
@@ -114218,7 +120191,7 @@ static void fkScanChildren(
     zCol = pFKey->pFrom->aCol[iCol].zName;
     pRight = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, zCol);
     pEq = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, pLeft, pRight);
-    pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pWhere, pEq);
+    pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, pWhere, pEq);
   }
 
   /* If the child table is the same as the parent table, then add terms
@@ -114229,8 +120202,11 @@ static void fkScanChildren(
   **     NOT( $current_a==a AND $current_b==b AND ... )
   **
   ** The first form is used for rowid tables.  The second form is used
-  ** for WITHOUT ROWID tables.  In the second form, the primary key is
-  ** (a,b,...)
+  ** for WITHOUT ROWID tables. In the second form, the *parent* key is
+  ** (a,b,...). Either the parent or primary key could be used to
+  ** uniquely identify the current row, but the parent key is more convenient
+  ** as the required values have already been loaded into registers
+  ** by the caller.
   */
   if( pTab==pFKey->pFrom && nIncr>0 ){
     Expr *pNe;                    /* Expression (pLeft != pRight) */
@@ -114242,19 +120218,18 @@ static void fkScanChildren(
       pNe = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NE, pLeft, pRight);
     }else{
       Expr *pEq, *pAll = 0;
-      Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
       assert( pIdx!=0 );
-      for(i=0; i<pPk->nKeyCol; i++){
+      for(i=0; i<pIdx->nKeyCol; i++){
         i16 iCol = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
         assert( iCol>=0 );
         pLeft = exprTableRegister(pParse, pTab, regData, iCol);
-        pRight = exprTableColumn(db, pTab, pSrc->a[0].iCursor, iCol);
-        pEq = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, pLeft, pRight);
-        pAll = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pAll, pEq);
+        pRight = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, pTab->aCol[iCol].zName);
+        pEq = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IS, pLeft, pRight);
+        pAll = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, pAll, pEq);
       }
       pNe = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, pAll, 0);
     }
-    pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pWhere, pNe);
+    pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, pWhere, pNe);
   }
 
   /* Resolve the references in the WHERE clause. */
@@ -114277,7 +120252,7 @@ static void fkScanChildren(
   /* Clean up the WHERE clause constructed above. */
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
   if( iFkIfZero ){
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iFkIfZero);
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHereOrPopInst(v, iFkIfZero);
   }
 }
 
@@ -114300,7 +120275,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *pTab){
 }
 
 /*
-** The second argument is a Trigger structure allocated by the 
+** The second argument is a Trigger structure allocated by the
 ** fkActionTrigger() routine. This function deletes the Trigger structure
 ** and all of its sub-components.
 **
@@ -114328,7 +120303,7 @@ static void fkTriggerDelete(sqlite3 *dbMem, Trigger *p){
 **
 **   (a) The table is the parent table of a FK constraint, or
 **   (b) The table is the child table of a deferred FK constraint and it is
-**       determined at runtime that there are outstanding deferred FK 
+**       determined at runtime that there are outstanding deferred FK
 **       constraint violations in the database,
 **
 ** then the equivalent of "DELETE FROM <tbl>" is executed before dropping
@@ -114345,7 +120320,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, Table *pTa
     assert( pTab->pSelect==0 );   /* Not a view */
     if( sqlite3FkReferences(pTab)==0 ){
       /* Search for a deferred foreign key constraint for which this table
-      ** is the child table. If one cannot be found, return without 
+      ** is the child table. If one cannot be found, return without
       ** generating any VDBE code. If one can be found, then jump over
       ** the entire DELETE if there are no outstanding deferred constraints
       ** when this statement is run.  */
@@ -114354,7 +120329,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, Table *pTa
         if( p->isDeferred || (db->flags & SQLITE_DeferFKs) ) break;
       }
       if( !p ) return;
-      iSkip = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+      iSkip = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkIfZero, 1, iSkip); VdbeCoverage(v);
     }
 
@@ -114362,10 +120337,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, Table *pTa
     sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse, sqlite3SrcListDup(db, pName, 0), 0, 0, 0);
     pParse->disableTriggers = 0;
 
-    /* If the DELETE has generated immediate foreign key constraint 
+    /* If the DELETE has generated immediate foreign key constraint
     ** violations, halt the VDBE and return an error at this point, before
     ** any modifications to the schema are made. This is because statement
-    ** transactions are not able to rollback schema changes.  
+    ** transactions are not able to rollback schema changes.
     **
     ** If the SQLITE_DeferFKs flag is set, then this is not required, as
     ** the statement transaction will not be rolled back even if FK
@@ -114389,7 +120364,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, Table *pTa
 /*
 ** The second argument points to an FKey object representing a foreign key
 ** for which pTab is the child table. An UPDATE statement against pTab
-** is currently being processed. For each column of the table that is 
+** is currently being processed. For each column of the table that is
 ** actually updated, the corresponding element in the aChange[] array
 ** is zero or greater (if a column is unmodified the corresponding element
 ** is set to -1). If the rowid column is modified by the UPDATE statement
@@ -114416,7 +120391,7 @@ static int fkChildIsModified(
 /*
 ** The second argument points to an FKey object representing a foreign key
 ** for which pTab is the parent table. An UPDATE statement against pTab
-** is currently being processed. For each column of the table that is 
+** is currently being processed. For each column of the table that is
 ** actually updated, the corresponding element in the aChange[] array
 ** is zero or greater (if a column is unmodified the corresponding element
 ** is set to -1). If the rowid column is modified by the UPDATE statement
@@ -114426,9 +120401,9 @@ static int fkChildIsModified(
 ** parent key for FK constraint *p are modified.
 */
 static int fkParentIsModified(
-  Table *pTab, 
-  FKey *p, 
-  int *aChange, 
+  Table *pTab,
+  FKey *p,
+  int *aChange,
   int bChngRowid
 ){
   int i;
@@ -114469,7 +120444,7 @@ static int isSetNullAction(Parse *pParse, FKey *pFKey){
 
 /*
 ** This function is called when inserting, deleting or updating a row of
-** table pTab to generate VDBE code to perform foreign key constraint 
+** table pTab to generate VDBE code to perform foreign key constraint
 ** processing for the operation.
 **
 ** For a DELETE operation, parameter regOld is passed the index of the
@@ -114485,11 +120460,11 @@ static int isSetNullAction(Parse *pParse, FKey *pFKey){
 ** For an UPDATE operation, this function is called twice. Once before
 ** the original record is deleted from the table using the calling convention
 ** described for DELETE. Then again after the original record is deleted
-** but before the new record is inserted using the INSERT convention. 
+** but before the new record is inserted using the INSERT convention.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkCheck(
   Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
-  Table *pTab,                    /* Row is being deleted from this table */ 
+  Table *pTab,                    /* Row is being deleted from this table */
   int regOld,                     /* Previous row data is stored here */
   int regNew,                     /* New row data is stored here */
   int *aChange,                   /* Array indicating UPDATEd columns (or 0) */
@@ -114521,16 +120496,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkCheck(
     int i;
     int bIgnore = 0;
 
-    if( aChange 
+    if( aChange
      && sqlite3_stricmp(pTab->zName, pFKey->zTo)!=0
-     && fkChildIsModified(pTab, pFKey, aChange, bChngRowid)==0 
+     && fkChildIsModified(pTab, pFKey, aChange, bChngRowid)==0
     ){
       continue;
     }
 
-    /* Find the parent table of this foreign key. Also find a unique index 
-    ** on the parent key columns in the parent table. If either of these 
-    ** schema items cannot be located, set an error in pParse and return 
+    /* Find the parent table of this foreign key. Also find a unique index
+    ** on the parent key columns in the parent table. If either of these
+    ** schema items cannot be located, set an error in pParse and return
     ** early.  */
     if( pParse->disableTriggers ){
       pTo = sqlite3FindTable(db, pFKey->zTo, zDb);
@@ -114551,7 +120526,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkCheck(
         Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
         int iJump = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + pFKey->nCol + 1;
         for(i=0; i<pFKey->nCol; i++){
-          int iReg = pFKey->aCol[i].iFrom + regOld + 1;
+          int iFromCol, iReg;
+          iFromCol = pFKey->aCol[i].iFrom;
+          iReg = sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pFKey->pFrom,iFromCol) + regOld+1;
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, iReg, iJump); VdbeCoverage(v);
         }
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkCounter, pFKey->isDeferred, -1);
@@ -114572,7 +120549,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkCheck(
       }
       assert( pIdx==0 || pIdx->aiColumn[i]>=0 );
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-      /* Request permission to read the parent key columns. If the 
+      /* Request permission to read the parent key columns. If the
       ** authorization callback returns SQLITE_IGNORE, behave as if any
       ** values read from the parent table are NULL. */
       if( db->xAuth ){
@@ -114584,24 +120561,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkCheck(
 #endif
     }
 
-    /* Take a shared-cache advisory read-lock on the parent table. Allocate 
-    ** a cursor to use to search the unique index on the parent key columns 
+    /* Take a shared-cache advisory read-lock on the parent table. Allocate
+    ** a cursor to use to search the unique index on the parent key columns
     ** in the parent table.  */
     sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTo->tnum, 0, pTo->zName);
     pParse->nTab++;
 
     if( regOld!=0 ){
       /* A row is being removed from the child table. Search for the parent.
-      ** If the parent does not exist, removing the child row resolves an 
+      ** If the parent does not exist, removing the child row resolves an
       ** outstanding foreign key constraint violation. */
       fkLookupParent(pParse, iDb, pTo, pIdx, pFKey, aiCol, regOld, -1, bIgnore);
     }
     if( regNew!=0 && !isSetNullAction(pParse, pFKey) ){
       /* A row is being added to the child table. If a parent row cannot
-      ** be found, adding the child row has violated the FK constraint. 
+      ** be found, adding the child row has violated the FK constraint.
       **
       ** If this operation is being performed as part of a trigger program
-      ** that is actually a "SET NULL" action belonging to this very 
+      ** that is actually a "SET NULL" action belonging to this very
       ** foreign key, then omit this scan altogether. As all child key
       ** values are guaranteed to be NULL, it is not possible for adding
       ** this row to cause an FK violation.  */
@@ -114622,8 +120599,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkCheck(
       continue;
     }
 
-    if( !pFKey->isDeferred && !(db->flags & SQLITE_DeferFKs) 
-     && !pParse->pToplevel && !pParse->isMultiWrite 
+    if( !pFKey->isDeferred && !(db->flags & SQLITE_DeferFKs)
+     && !pParse->pToplevel && !pParse->isMultiWrite
     ){
       assert( regOld==0 && regNew!=0 );
       /* Inserting a single row into a parent table cannot cause (or fix)
@@ -114639,14 +120616,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkCheck(
 
     /* Create a SrcList structure containing the child table.  We need the
     ** child table as a SrcList for sqlite3WhereBegin() */
-    pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, 0, 0, 0);
+    pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse, 0, 0, 0);
     if( pSrc ){
       struct SrcList_item *pItem = pSrc->a;
       pItem->pTab = pFKey->pFrom;
       pItem->zName = pFKey->pFrom->zName;
       pItem->pTab->nTabRef++;
       pItem->iCursor = pParse->nTab++;
-  
+
       if( regNew!=0 ){
         fkScanChildren(pParse, pSrc, pTab, pIdx, pFKey, aiCol, regNew, -1);
       }
@@ -114665,10 +120642,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkCheck(
         **
         ** Note 2: At first glance it may seem like SQLite could simply omit
         ** all OP_FkCounter related scans when either CASCADE or SET NULL
-        ** applies. The trouble starts if the CASCADE or SET NULL action 
-        ** trigger causes other triggers or action rules attached to the 
+        ** applies. The trouble starts if the CASCADE or SET NULL action
+        ** trigger causes other triggers or action rules attached to the
         ** child table to fire. In these cases the fk constraint counters
-        ** might be set incorrectly if any OP_FkCounter related scans are 
+        ** might be set incorrectly if any OP_FkCounter related scans are
         ** omitted.  */
         if( !pFKey->isDeferred && eAction!=OE_Cascade && eAction!=OE_SetNull ){
           sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
@@ -114684,7 +120661,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkCheck(
 #define COLUMN_MASK(x) (((x)>31) ? 0xffffffff : ((u32)1<<(x)))
 
 /*
-** This function is called before generating code to update or delete a 
+** This function is called before generating code to update or delete a
 ** row contained in table pTab.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(
@@ -114714,17 +120691,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(
 
 
 /*
-** This function is called before generating code to update or delete a 
+** This function is called before generating code to update or delete a
 ** row contained in table pTab. If the operation is a DELETE, then
 ** parameter aChange is passed a NULL value. For an UPDATE, aChange points
 ** to an array of size N, where N is the number of columns in table pTab.
-** If the i'th column is not modified by the UPDATE, then the corresponding 
+** If the i'th column is not modified by the UPDATE, then the corresponding
 ** entry in the aChange[] array is set to -1. If the column is modified,
 ** the value is 0 or greater. Parameter chngRowid is set to true if the
 ** UPDATE statement modifies the rowid fields of the table.
 **
 ** If any foreign key processing will be required, this function returns
-** non-zero. If there is no foreign key related processing, this function 
+** non-zero. If there is no foreign key related processing, this function
 ** returns zero.
 **
 ** For an UPDATE, this function returns 2 if:
@@ -114744,8 +120721,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FkRequired(
   int eRet = 0;
   if( pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys ){
     if( !aChange ){
-      /* A DELETE operation. Foreign key processing is required if the 
-      ** table in question is either the child or parent table for any 
+      /* A DELETE operation. Foreign key processing is required if the
+      ** table in question is either the child or parent table for any
       ** foreign key constraint.  */
       eRet = (sqlite3FkReferences(pTab) || pTab->pFKey);
     }else{
@@ -114774,7 +120751,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FkRequired(
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is called when an UPDATE or DELETE operation is being 
+** This function is called when an UPDATE or DELETE operation is being
 ** compiled on table pTab, which is the parent table of foreign-key pFKey.
 ** If the current operation is an UPDATE, then the pChanges parameter is
 ** passed a pointer to the list of columns being modified. If it is a
@@ -114786,7 +120763,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FkRequired(
 ** returned (these actions require no special handling by the triggers
 ** sub-system, code for them is created by fkScanChildren()).
 **
-** For example, if pFKey is the foreign key and pTab is table "p" in 
+** For example, if pFKey is the foreign key and pTab is table "p" in
 ** the following schema:
 **
 **   CREATE TABLE p(pk PRIMARY KEY);
@@ -114799,7 +120776,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FkRequired(
 **   END;
 **
 ** The returned pointer is cached as part of the foreign key object. It
-** is eventually freed along with the rest of the foreign key object by 
+** is eventually freed along with the rest of the foreign key object by
 ** sqlite3FkDelete().
 */
 static Trigger *fkActionTrigger(
@@ -114855,12 +120832,12 @@ static Trigger *fkActionTrigger(
       ** that the affinity and collation sequence associated with the
       ** parent table are used for the comparison. */
       pEq = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ,
-          sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, 
+          sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT,
             sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ID, &tOld, 0),
             sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ID, &tToCol, 0)),
           sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ID, &tFromCol, 0)
       );
-      pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pWhere, pEq);
+      pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, pWhere, pEq);
 
       /* For ON UPDATE, construct the next term of the WHEN clause.
       ** The final WHEN clause will be like this:
@@ -114869,24 +120846,32 @@ static Trigger *fkActionTrigger(
       */
       if( pChanges ){
         pEq = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IS,
-            sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, 
+            sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT,
               sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ID, &tOld, 0),
               sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ID, &tToCol, 0)),
-            sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, 
+            sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT,
               sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ID, &tNew, 0),
               sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ID, &tToCol, 0))
             );
-        pWhen = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pWhen, pEq);
+        pWhen = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, pWhen, pEq);
       }
-  
+
       if( action!=OE_Restrict && (action!=OE_Cascade || pChanges) ){
         Expr *pNew;
         if( action==OE_Cascade ){
-          pNew = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, 
+          pNew = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT,
             sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ID, &tNew, 0),
             sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ID, &tToCol, 0));
         }else if( action==OE_SetDflt ){
-          Expr *pDflt = pFKey->pFrom->aCol[iFromCol].pDflt;
+          Column *pCol = pFKey->pFrom->aCol + iFromCol;
+          Expr *pDflt;
+          if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED ){
+            testcase( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL );
+            testcase( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED );
+            pDflt = 0;
+          }else{
+            pDflt = pCol->pDflt;
+          }
           if( pDflt ){
             pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pDflt, 0);
           }else{
@@ -114906,17 +120891,17 @@ static Trigger *fkActionTrigger(
 
     if( action==OE_Restrict ){
       Token tFrom;
-      Expr *pRaise; 
+      Expr *pRaise;
 
       tFrom.z = zFrom;
       tFrom.n = nFrom;
       pRaise = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_RAISE, "FOREIGN KEY constraint failed");
       if( pRaise ){
-        pRaise->affinity = OE_Abort;
+        pRaise->affExpr = OE_Abort;
       }
-      pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 
+      pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,
           sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, pRaise),
-          sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, 0, &tFrom, 0),
+          sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse, 0, &tFrom, 0),
           pWhere,
           0, 0, 0, 0, 0
       );
@@ -114924,9 +120909,9 @@ static Trigger *fkActionTrigger(
     }
 
     /* Disable lookaside memory allocation */
-    db->lookaside.bDisable++;
+    DisableLookaside;
 
-    pTrigger = (Trigger *)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, 
+    pTrigger = (Trigger *)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db,
         sizeof(Trigger) +         /* struct Trigger */
         sizeof(TriggerStep) +     /* Single step in trigger program */
         nFrom + 1                 /* Space for pStep->zTarget */
@@ -114935,7 +120920,7 @@ static Trigger *fkActionTrigger(
       pStep = pTrigger->step_list = (TriggerStep *)&pTrigger[1];
       pStep->zTarget = (char *)&pStep[1];
       memcpy((char *)pStep->zTarget, zFrom, nFrom);
-  
+
       pStep->pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
       pStep->pExprList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pList, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
       pStep->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pSelect, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
@@ -114946,7 +120931,7 @@ static Trigger *fkActionTrigger(
     }
 
     /* Re-enable the lookaside buffer, if it was disabled earlier. */
-    db->lookaside.bDisable--;
+    EnableLookaside;
 
     sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
     sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhen);
@@ -114957,16 +120942,18 @@ static Trigger *fkActionTrigger(
       return 0;
     }
     assert( pStep!=0 );
+    assert( pTrigger!=0 );
 
     switch( action ){
       case OE_Restrict:
-        pStep->op = TK_SELECT; 
+        pStep->op = TK_SELECT;
         break;
-      case OE_Cascade: 
-        if( !pChanges ){ 
-          pStep->op = TK_DELETE; 
-          break; 
+      case OE_Cascade:
+        if( !pChanges ){
+          pStep->op = TK_DELETE;
+          break;
         }
+        /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
       default:
         pStep->op = TK_UPDATE;
     }
@@ -114992,9 +120979,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkActions(
   int *aChange,                   /* Array indicating UPDATEd columns (or 0) */
   int bChngRowid                  /* True if rowid is UPDATEd */
 ){
-  /* If foreign-key support is enabled, iterate through all FKs that 
-  ** refer to table pTab. If there is an action associated with the FK 
-  ** for this operation (either update or delete), invoke the associated 
+  /* If foreign-key support is enabled, iterate through all FKs that
+  ** refer to table pTab. If there is an action associated with the FK
+  ** for this operation (either update or delete), invoke the associated
   ** trigger sub-program.  */
   if( pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys ){
     FKey *pFKey;                  /* Iterator variable */
@@ -115074,7 +121061,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTab){
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 
 /*
-** Generate code that will 
+** Generate code that will
 **
 **   (1) acquire a lock for table pTab then
 **   (2) open pTab as cursor iCur.
@@ -115091,12 +121078,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenTable(
 ){
   Vdbe *v;
   assert( !IsVirtual(pTab) );
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+  assert( pParse->pVdbe!=0 );
+  v = pParse->pVdbe;
   assert( opcode==OP_OpenWrite || opcode==OP_OpenRead );
-  sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTab->tnum, 
+  sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTab->tnum,
                    (opcode==OP_OpenWrite)?1:0, pTab->zName);
   if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, opcode, iCur, pTab->tnum, iDb, pTab->nCol);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, opcode, iCur, pTab->tnum, iDb, pTab->nNVCol);
     VdbeComment((v, "%s", pTab->zName));
   }else{
     Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
@@ -115110,7 +121098,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenTable(
 
 /*
 ** Return a pointer to the column affinity string associated with index
-** pIdx. A column affinity string has one character for each column in 
+** pIdx. A column affinity string has one character for each column in
 ** the table, according to the affinity of the column:
 **
 **  Character      Column affinity
@@ -115147,22 +121135,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3 *db, Index *pIdx){
     }
     for(n=0; n<pIdx->nColumn; n++){
       i16 x = pIdx->aiColumn[n];
+      char aff;
       if( x>=0 ){
-        pIdx->zColAff[n] = pTab->aCol[x].affinity;
+        aff = pTab->aCol[x].affinity;
       }else if( x==XN_ROWID ){
-        pIdx->zColAff[n] = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
+        aff = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
       }else{
-        char aff;
         assert( x==XN_EXPR );
         assert( pIdx->aColExpr!=0 );
         aff = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pIdx->aColExpr->a[n].pExpr);
-        if( aff==0 ) aff = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
-        pIdx->zColAff[n] = aff;
       }
+      if( aff<SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ) aff = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
+      if( aff>SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC) aff = SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
+      pIdx->zColAff[n] = aff;
     }
     pIdx->zColAff[n] = 0;
   }
- 
+
   return pIdx->zColAff;
 }
 
@@ -115187,7 +121176,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3 *db, Index *pIdx){
 **  'E'            REAL
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe *v, Table *pTab, int iReg){
-  int i;
+  int i, j;
   char *zColAff = pTab->zColAff;
   if( zColAff==0 ){
     sqlite3 *db = sqlite3VdbeDb(v);
@@ -115197,15 +121186,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe *v, Table *pTab, int iReg){
       return;
     }
 
-    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-      zColAff[i] = pTab->aCol[i].affinity;
+    for(i=j=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+      assert( pTab->aCol[i].affinity!=0 );
+      if( (pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)==0 ){
+        zColAff[j++] = pTab->aCol[i].affinity;
+      }
     }
     do{
-      zColAff[i--] = 0;
-    }while( i>=0 && zColAff[i]==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB );
+      zColAff[j--] = 0;
+    }while( j>=0 && zColAff[j]<=SQLITE_AFF_BLOB );
     pTab->zColAff = zColAff;
   }
-  i = sqlite3Strlen30(zColAff);
+  assert( zColAff!=0 );
+  i = sqlite3Strlen30NN(zColAff);
   if( i ){
     if( iReg ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Affinity, iReg, i, 0, zColAff, i);
@@ -115217,9 +121210,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe *v, Table *pTab, int iReg){
 
 /*
 ** Return non-zero if the table pTab in database iDb or any of its indices
-** have been opened at any point in the VDBE program. This is used to see if 
-** a statement of the form  "INSERT INTO <iDb, pTab> SELECT ..." can 
-** run without using a temporary table for the results of the SELECT. 
+** have been opened at any point in the VDBE program. This is used to see if
+** a statement of the form  "INSERT INTO <iDb, pTab> SELECT ..." can
+** run without using a temporary table for the results of the SELECT.
 */
 static int readsTable(Parse *p, int iDb, Table *pTab){
   Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(p);
@@ -115234,7 +121227,7 @@ static int readsTable(Parse *p, int iDb, Table *pTab){
     assert( pOp!=0 );
     if( pOp->opcode==OP_OpenRead && pOp->p3==iDb ){
       Index *pIndex;
-      int tnum = pOp->p2;
+      Pgno tnum = pOp->p2;
       if( tnum==pTab->tnum ){
         return 1;
       }
@@ -115255,6 +121248,119 @@ static int readsTable(Parse *p, int iDb, Table *pTab){
   return 0;
 }
 
+/* This walker callback will compute the union of colFlags flags for all
+** referenced columns in a CHECK constraint or generated column expression.
+*/
+static int exprColumnFlagUnion(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && pExpr->iColumn>=0 ){
+    assert( pExpr->iColumn < pWalker->u.pTab->nCol );
+    pWalker->eCode |= pWalker->u.pTab->aCol[pExpr->iColumn].colFlags;
+  }
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+/*
+** All regular columns for table pTab have been puts into registers
+** starting with iRegStore.  The registers that correspond to STORED
+** or VIRTUAL columns have not yet been initialized.  This routine goes
+** back and computes the values for those columns based on the previously
+** computed normal columns.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ComputeGeneratedColumns(
+  Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing context */
+  int iRegStore,    /* Register holding the first column */
+  Table *pTab       /* The table */
+){
+  int i;
+  Walker w;
+  Column *pRedo;
+  int eProgress;
+  VdbeOp *pOp;
+
+  assert( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasGenerated );
+  testcase( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasVirtual );
+  testcase( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasStored );
+
+  /* Before computing generated columns, first go through and make sure
+  ** that appropriate affinity has been applied to the regular columns
+  */
+  sqlite3TableAffinity(pParse->pVdbe, pTab, iRegStore);
+  if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasStored)!=0
+   && (pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(pParse->pVdbe,-1))->opcode==OP_Affinity
+  ){
+    /* Change the OP_Affinity argument to '@' (NONE) for all stored
+    ** columns.  '@' is the no-op affinity and those columns have not
+    ** yet been computed. */
+    int ii, jj;
+    char *zP4 = pOp->p4.z;
+    assert( zP4!=0 );
+    assert( pOp->p4type==P4_DYNAMIC );
+    for(ii=jj=0; zP4[jj]; ii++){
+      if( pTab->aCol[ii].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL ){
+        continue;
+      }
+      if( pTab->aCol[ii].colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED ){
+        zP4[jj] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
+      }
+      jj++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Because there can be multiple generated columns that refer to one another,
+  ** this is a two-pass algorithm.  On the first pass, mark all generated
+  ** columns as "not available".
+  */
+  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+    if( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED ){
+      testcase( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL );
+      testcase( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED );
+      pTab->aCol[i].colFlags |= COLFLAG_NOTAVAIL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  w.u.pTab = pTab;
+  w.xExprCallback = exprColumnFlagUnion;
+  w.xSelectCallback = 0;
+  w.xSelectCallback2 = 0;
+
+  /* On the second pass, compute the value of each NOT-AVAILABLE column.
+  ** Companion code in the TK_COLUMN case of sqlite3ExprCodeTarget() will
+  ** compute dependencies and mark remove the COLSPAN_NOTAVAIL mark, as
+  ** they are needed.
+  */
+  pParse->iSelfTab = -iRegStore;
+  do{
+    eProgress = 0;
+    pRedo = 0;
+    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+      Column *pCol = pTab->aCol + i;
+      if( (pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_NOTAVAIL)!=0 ){
+        int x;
+        pCol->colFlags |= COLFLAG_BUSY;
+        w.eCode = 0;
+        sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pCol->pDflt);
+        pCol->colFlags &= ~COLFLAG_BUSY;
+        if( w.eCode & COLFLAG_NOTAVAIL ){
+          pRedo = pCol;
+          continue;
+        }
+        eProgress = 1;
+        assert( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED );
+        x = sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, i) + iRegStore;
+        sqlite3ExprCodeGeneratedColumn(pParse, pCol, x);
+        pCol->colFlags &= ~COLFLAG_NOTAVAIL;
+      }
+    }
+  }while( pRedo && eProgress );
+  if( pRedo ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "generated column loop on \"%s\"", pRedo->zName);
+  }
+  pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS */
+
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
 /*
 ** Locate or create an AutoincInfo structure associated with table pTab
@@ -115326,7 +121432,7 @@ static int autoIncBegin(
 
 /*
 ** This routine generates code that will initialize all of the
-** register used by the autoincrement tracker.  
+** register used by the autoincrement tracker.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse){
   AutoincInfo *p;            /* Information about an AUTOINCREMENT */
@@ -115355,7 +121461,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse){
       /* 8  */ {OP_Goto,    0, 11, 0},
       /* 9  */ {OP_Next,    0,  2, 0},
       /* 10 */ {OP_Integer, 0,  0, 0},
-      /* 11 */ {OP_Close,   0,  0, 0} 
+      /* 11 */ {OP_Close,   0,  0, 0}
     };
     VdbeOp *aOp;
     pDb = &db->aDb[p->iDb];
@@ -115377,6 +121483,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse){
     aOp[7].p2 = memId+2;
     aOp[7].p1 = memId;
     aOp[10].p2 = memId;
+    if( pParse->nTab==0 ) pParse->nTab = 1;
   }
 }
 
@@ -115561,7 +121668,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
   Parse *pParse,        /* Parser context */
   SrcList *pTabList,    /* Name of table into which we are inserting */
   Select *pSelect,      /* A SELECT statement to use as the data source */
-  IdList *pColumn,      /* Column names corresponding to IDLIST. */
+  IdList *pColumn,      /* Column names corresponding to IDLIST, or NULL. */
   int onError,          /* How to handle constraint errors */
   Upsert *pUpsert       /* ON CONFLICT clauses for upsert, or NULL */
 ){
@@ -115586,6 +121693,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
   u8 withoutRowid;      /* 0 for normal table.  1 for WITHOUT ROWID table */
   u8 bIdListInOrder;    /* True if IDLIST is in table order */
   ExprList *pList = 0;  /* List of VALUES() to be inserted  */
+  int iRegStore;        /* Register in which to store next column */
 
   /* Register allocations */
   int regFromSelect = 0;/* Base register for data coming from SELECT */
@@ -115693,8 +121801,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
   */
   regAutoinc = autoIncBegin(pParse, iDb, pTab);
 
-  /* Allocate registers for holding the rowid of the new row,
-  ** the content of the new row, and the assembled row record.
+  /* Allocate a block registers to hold the rowid and the values
+  ** for all columns of the new row.
   */
   regRowid = regIns = pParse->nMem+1;
   pParse->nMem += pTab->nCol + 1;
@@ -115705,7 +121813,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
   regData = regRowid+1;
 
   /* If the INSERT statement included an IDLIST term, then make sure
-  ** all elements of the IDLIST really are columns of the table and 
+  ** all elements of the IDLIST really are columns of the table and
   ** remember the column indices.
   **
   ** If the table has an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column and that column
@@ -115713,9 +121821,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
   ** the index into IDLIST of the primary key column.  ipkColumn is
   ** the index of the primary key as it appears in IDLIST, not as
   ** is appears in the original table.  (The index of the INTEGER
-  ** PRIMARY KEY in the original table is pTab->iPKey.)
+  ** PRIMARY KEY in the original table is pTab->iPKey.)  After this
+  ** loop, if ipkColumn==(-1), that means that integer primary key
+  ** is unspecified, and hence the table is either WITHOUT ROWID or
+  ** it will automatically generated an integer primary key.
+  **
+  ** bIdListInOrder is true if the columns in IDLIST are in storage
+  ** order.  This enables an optimization that avoids shuffling the
+  ** columns into storage order.  False negatives are harmless,
+  ** but false positives will cause database corruption.
   */
-  bIdListInOrder = (pTab->tabFlags & TF_OOOHidden)==0;
+  bIdListInOrder = (pTab->tabFlags & (TF_OOOHidden|TF_HasStored))==0;
   if( pColumn ){
     for(i=0; i<pColumn->nId; i++){
       pColumn->a[i].idx = -1;
@@ -115728,6 +121844,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
           if( j==pTab->iPKey ){
             ipkColumn = i;  assert( !withoutRowid );
           }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+          if( pTab->aCol[j].colFlags & (COLFLAG_STORED|COLFLAG_VIRTUAL) ){
+            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+               "cannot INSERT into generated column \"%s\"",
+               pTab->aCol[j].zName);
+            goto insert_cleanup;
+          }
+#endif
           break;
         }
       }
@@ -115777,7 +121901,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
     ** the destination table (template 3).
     **
     ** A temp table must be used if the table being updated is also one
-    ** of the tables being read by the SELECT statement.  Also use a 
+    ** of the tables being read by the SELECT statement.  Also use a
     ** temp table in the case of row triggers.
     */
     if( pTrigger || readsTable(pParse, iDb, pTab) ){
@@ -115813,7 +121937,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
       sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regTempRowid);
     }
   }else{
-    /* This is the case if the data for the INSERT is coming from a 
+    /* This is the case if the data for the INSERT is coming from a
     ** single-row VALUES clause
     */
     NameContext sNC;
@@ -115832,21 +121956,34 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
   }
 
   /* If there is no IDLIST term but the table has an integer primary
-  ** key, the set the ipkColumn variable to the integer primary key 
+  ** key, the set the ipkColumn variable to the integer primary key
   ** column index in the original table definition.
   */
   if( pColumn==0 && nColumn>0 ){
     ipkColumn = pTab->iPKey;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+    if( ipkColumn>=0 && (pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasGenerated)!=0 ){
+      testcase( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasVirtual );
+      testcase( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasStored );
+      for(i=ipkColumn-1; i>=0; i--){
+        if( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED ){
+          testcase( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL );
+          testcase( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED );
+          ipkColumn--;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+#endif
   }
 
   /* Make sure the number of columns in the source data matches the number
   ** of columns to be inserted into the table.
   */
   for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-    nHidden += (IsHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[i]) ? 1 : 0);
+    if( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_NOINSERT ) nHidden++;
   }
   if( pColumn==0 && nColumn && nColumn!=(pTab->nCol-nHidden) ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
        "table %S has %d columns but %d values were supplied",
        pTabList, 0, pTab->nCol-nHidden, nColumn);
     goto insert_cleanup;
@@ -115855,7 +121992,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%d values for %d columns", nColumn, pColumn->nId);
     goto insert_cleanup;
   }
-    
+
   /* Initialize the count of rows to be inserted
   */
   if( (db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows)!=0
@@ -115871,7 +122008,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
     int nIdx;
     nIdx = sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, OP_OpenWrite, 0, -1, 0,
                                       &iDataCur, &iIdxCur);
-    aRegIdx = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(int)*(nIdx+1));
+    aRegIdx = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(int)*(nIdx+2));
     if( aRegIdx==0 ){
       goto insert_cleanup;
     }
@@ -115880,9 +122017,22 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
       aRegIdx[i] = ++pParse->nMem;
       pParse->nMem += pIdx->nColumn;
     }
+    aRegIdx[i] = ++pParse->nMem;  /* Register to store the table record */
   }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
   if( pUpsert ){
+    if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "UPSERT not implemented for virtual table \"%s\"",
+              pTab->zName);
+      goto insert_cleanup;
+    }
+    if( pTab->pSelect ){
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot UPSERT a view");
+      goto insert_cleanup;
+    }
+    if( sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(pParse, pUpsert->pUpsertTarget) ){
+      goto insert_cleanup;
+    }
     pTabList->a[0].iCursor = iDataCur;
     pUpsert->pUpsertSrc = pTabList;
     pUpsert->regData = regData;
@@ -115917,13 +122067,94 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
     **         goto C
     **      D: ...
     */
+    sqlite3VdbeReleaseRegisters(pParse, regData, pTab->nCol, 0, 0);
     addrInsTop = addrCont = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, dest.iSDParm);
     VdbeCoverage(v);
+    if( ipkColumn>=0 ){
+      /* tag-20191021-001: If the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY is being generated by the
+      ** SELECT, go ahead and copy the value into the rowid slot now, so that
+      ** the value does not get overwritten by a NULL at tag-20191021-002. */
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, regFromSelect+ipkColumn, regRowid);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Compute data for ordinary columns of the new entry.  Values
+  ** are written in storage order into registers starting with regData.
+  ** Only ordinary columns are computed in this loop. The rowid
+  ** (if there is one) is computed later and generated columns are
+  ** computed after the rowid since they might depend on the value
+  ** of the rowid.
+  */
+  nHidden = 0;
+  iRegStore = regData;  assert( regData==regRowid+1 );
+  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++, iRegStore++){
+    int k;
+    u32 colFlags;
+    assert( i>=nHidden );
+    if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
+      /* tag-20191021-002: References to the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY are filled
+      ** using the rowid. So put a NULL in the IPK slot of the record to avoid
+      ** using excess space.  The file format definition requires this extra
+      ** NULL - we cannot optimize further by skipping the column completely */
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SoftNull, iRegStore);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if( ((colFlags = pTab->aCol[i].colFlags) & COLFLAG_NOINSERT)!=0 ){
+      nHidden++;
+      if( (colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)!=0 ){
+        /* Virtual columns do not participate in OP_MakeRecord.  So back up
+        ** iRegStore by one slot to compensate for the iRegStore++ in the
+        ** outer for() loop */
+        iRegStore--;
+        continue;
+      }else if( (colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED)!=0 ){
+        /* Stored columns are computed later.  But if there are BEFORE
+        ** triggers, the slots used for stored columns will be OP_Copy-ed
+        ** to a second block of registers, so the register needs to be
+        ** initialized to NULL to avoid an uninitialized register read */
+        if( tmask & TRIGGER_BEFORE ){
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SoftNull, iRegStore);
+        }
+        continue;
+      }else if( pColumn==0 ){
+        /* Hidden columns that are not explicitly named in the INSERT
+        ** get there default value */
+        sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(pParse, pTab->aCol[i].pDflt, iRegStore);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    if( pColumn ){
+      for(j=0; j<pColumn->nId && pColumn->a[j].idx!=i; j++){}
+      if( j>=pColumn->nId ){
+        /* A column not named in the insert column list gets its
+        ** default value */
+        sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(pParse, pTab->aCol[i].pDflt, iRegStore);
+        continue;
+      }
+      k = j;
+    }else if( nColumn==0 ){
+      /* This is INSERT INTO ... DEFAULT VALUES.  Load the default value. */
+      sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(pParse, pTab->aCol[i].pDflt, iRegStore);
+      continue;
+    }else{
+      k = i - nHidden;
+    }
+
+    if( useTempTable ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, k, iRegStore);
+    }else if( pSelect ){
+      if( regFromSelect!=regData ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regFromSelect+k, iRegStore);
+      }
+    }else{
+      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[k].pExpr, iRegStore);
+    }
   }
 
+
   /* Run the BEFORE and INSTEAD OF triggers, if there are any
   */
-  endOfLoop = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+  endOfLoop = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
   if( tmask & TRIGGER_BEFORE ){
     int regCols = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pTab->nCol+1);
 
@@ -115955,25 +122186,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
     */
     assert( !IsVirtual(pTab) );
 
-    /* Create the new column data
-    */
-    for(i=j=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-      if( pColumn ){
-        for(j=0; j<pColumn->nId; j++){
-          if( pColumn->a[j].idx==i ) break;
-        }
-      }
-      if( (!useTempTable && !pList) || (pColumn && j>=pColumn->nId)
-            || (pColumn==0 && IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[i])) ){
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pTab->aCol[i].pDflt, regCols+i+1);
-      }else if( useTempTable ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, j, regCols+i+1); 
-      }else{
-        assert( pSelect==0 ); /* Otherwise useTempTable is true */
-        sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(pParse, pList->a[j].pExpr, regCols+i+1);
-      }
-      if( pColumn==0 && !IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[i]) ) j++;
+    /* Copy the new data already generated. */
+    assert( pTab->nNVCol>0 );
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Copy, regRowid+1, regCols+1, pTab->nNVCol-1);
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+    /* Compute the new value for generated columns after all other
+    ** columns have already been computed.  This must be done after
+    ** computing the ROWID in case one of the generated columns
+    ** refers to the ROWID. */
+    if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasGenerated ){
+      testcase( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasVirtual );
+      testcase( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasStored );
+      sqlite3ComputeGeneratedColumns(pParse, regCols+1, pTab);
     }
+#endif
 
     /* If this is an INSERT on a view with an INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger,
     ** do not attempt any conversions before assembling the record.
@@ -115985,36 +122212,30 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
     }
 
     /* Fire BEFORE or INSTEAD OF triggers */
-    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_INSERT, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE, 
+    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_INSERT, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE,
         pTab, regCols-pTab->nCol-1, onError, endOfLoop);
 
     sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regCols, pTab->nCol+1);
   }
 
-  /* Compute the content of the next row to insert into a range of
-  ** registers beginning at regIns.
-  */
   if( !isView ){
     if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
       /* The row that the VUpdate opcode will delete: none */
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regIns);
     }
     if( ipkColumn>=0 ){
+      /* Compute the new rowid */
       if( useTempTable ){
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, ipkColumn, regRowid);
       }else if( pSelect ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, regFromSelect+ipkColumn, regRowid);
+        /* Rowid already initialized at tag-20191021-001 */
       }else{
-        VdbeOp *pOp;
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[ipkColumn].pExpr, regRowid);
-        pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, -1);
-        assert( pOp!=0 );
-        if( pOp->opcode==OP_Null && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+        Expr *pIpk = pList->a[ipkColumn].pExpr;
+        if( pIpk->op==TK_NULL && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NewRowid, iDataCur, regRowid, regAutoinc);
           appendFlag = 1;
-          pOp->opcode = OP_NewRowid;
-          pOp->p1 = iDataCur;
-          pOp->p2 = regRowid;
-          pOp->p3 = regAutoinc;
+        }else{
+          sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[ipkColumn].pExpr, regRowid);
         }
       }
       /* If the PRIMARY KEY expression is NULL, then use OP_NewRowid
@@ -116040,45 +122261,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
     }
     autoIncStep(pParse, regAutoinc, regRowid);
 
-    /* Compute data for all columns of the new entry, beginning
-    ** with the first column.
-    */
-    nHidden = 0;
-    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-      int iRegStore = regRowid+1+i;
-      if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
-        /* The value of the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column is always a NULL.
-        ** Whenever this column is read, the rowid will be substituted
-        ** in its place.  Hence, fill this column with a NULL to avoid
-        ** taking up data space with information that will never be used.
-        ** As there may be shallow copies of this value, make it a soft-NULL */
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SoftNull, iRegStore);
-        continue;
-      }
-      if( pColumn==0 ){
-        if( IsHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[i]) ){
-          j = -1;
-          nHidden++;
-        }else{
-          j = i - nHidden;
-        }
-      }else{
-        for(j=0; j<pColumn->nId; j++){
-          if( pColumn->a[j].idx==i ) break;
-        }
-      }
-      if( j<0 || nColumn==0 || (pColumn && j>=pColumn->nId) ){
-        sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(pParse, pTab->aCol[i].pDflt, iRegStore);
-      }else if( useTempTable ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, j, iRegStore); 
-      }else if( pSelect ){
-        if( regFromSelect!=regData ){
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regFromSelect+j, iRegStore);
-        }
-      }else{
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[j].pExpr, iRegStore);
-      }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+    /* Compute the new value for generated columns after all other
+    ** columns have already been computed.  This must be done after
+    ** computing the ROWID in case one of the generated columns
+    ** is derived from the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY. */
+    if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasGenerated ){
+      sqlite3ComputeGeneratedColumns(pParse, regRowid+1, pTab);
     }
+#endif
 
     /* Generate code to check constraints and generate index keys and
     ** do the insertion.
@@ -116104,13 +122295,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
       ** constraints or (b) there are no triggers and this table is not a
       ** parent table in a foreign key constraint. It is safe to set the
       ** flag in the second case as if any REPLACE constraint is hit, an
-      ** OP_Delete or OP_IdxDelete instruction will be executed on each 
+      ** OP_Delete or OP_IdxDelete instruction will be executed on each
       ** cursor that is disturbed. And these instructions both clear the
       ** VdbeCursor.seekResult variable, disabling the OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT
       ** functionality.  */
-      bUseSeek = (isReplace==0 || (pTrigger==0 &&
-          ((db->flags & SQLITE_ForeignKeys)==0 || sqlite3FkReferences(pTab)==0)
-      ));
+      bUseSeek = (isReplace==0 || !sqlite3VdbeHasSubProgram(v));
       sqlite3CompleteInsertion(pParse, pTab, iDataCur, iIdxCur,
           regIns, aRegIdx, 0, appendFlag, bUseSeek
       );
@@ -116125,7 +122314,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
 
   if( pTrigger ){
     /* Code AFTER triggers */
-    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_INSERT, 0, TRIGGER_AFTER, 
+    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_INSERT, 0, TRIGGER_AFTER,
         pTab, regData-2-pTab->nCol, onError, endOfLoop);
   }
 
@@ -116139,6 +122328,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, srcTab);
   }else if( pSelect ){
     sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, addrCont);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    /* If we are jumping back to an OP_Yield that is preceded by an
+    ** OP_ReleaseReg, set the p5 flag on the OP_Goto so that the
+    ** OP_ReleaseReg will be included in the loop. */
+    if( sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, addrCont-1)->opcode==OP_ReleaseReg ){
+      assert( sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, addrCont)->opcode==OP_Yield );
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);
+    }
+#endif
     sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrInsTop);
   }
 
@@ -116152,7 +122350,7 @@ insert_end:
   }
 
   /*
-  ** Return the number of rows inserted. If this routine is 
+  ** Return the number of rows inserted. If this routine is
   ** generating code because of a call to sqlite3NestedParse(), do not
   ** invoke the callback function.
   */
@@ -116185,14 +122383,15 @@ insert_cleanup:
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Meanings of bits in of pWalker->eCode for checkConstraintUnchanged()
+** Meanings of bits in of pWalker->eCode for
+** sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn()
 */
 #define CKCNSTRNT_COLUMN   0x01    /* CHECK constraint uses a changing column */
 #define CKCNSTRNT_ROWID    0x02    /* CHECK constraint references the ROWID */
 
-/* This is the Walker callback from checkConstraintUnchanged().  Set
-** bit 0x01 of pWalker->eCode if
-** pWalker->eCode to 0 if this expression node references any of the
+/* This is the Walker callback from sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn().
+*  Set bit 0x01 of pWalker->eCode if pWalker->eCode to 0 and if this
+** expression node references any of the
 ** columns that are being modifed by an UPDATE statement.
 */
 static int checkConstraintExprNode(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
@@ -116214,12 +122413,21 @@ static int checkConstraintExprNode(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
 ** only columns that are modified by the UPDATE are those for which
 ** aiChng[i]>=0, and also the ROWID is modified if chngRowid is true.
 **
-** Return true if CHECK constraint pExpr does not use any of the
+** Return true if CHECK constraint pExpr uses any of the
 ** changing columns (or the rowid if it is changing).  In other words,
-** return true if this CHECK constraint can be skipped when validating
+** return true if this CHECK constraint must be validated for
 ** the new row in the UPDATE statement.
+**
+** 2018-09-15: pExpr might also be an expression for an index-on-expressions.
+** The operation of this routine is the same - return true if an only if
+** the expression uses one or more of columns identified by the second and
+** third arguments.
 */
-static int checkConstraintUnchanged(Expr *pExpr, int *aiChng, int chngRowid){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(
+  Expr *pExpr,    /* The expression to be checked */
+  int *aiChng,    /* aiChng[x]>=0 if column x changed by the UPDATE */
+  int chngRowid   /* True if UPDATE changes the rowid */
+){
   Walker w;
   memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.eCode = 0;
@@ -116234,7 +122442,7 @@ static int checkConstraintUnchanged(Expr *pExpr, int *aiChng, int chngRowid){
   testcase( w.eCode==CKCNSTRNT_COLUMN );
   testcase( w.eCode==CKCNSTRNT_ROWID );
   testcase( w.eCode==(CKCNSTRNT_ROWID|CKCNSTRNT_COLUMN) );
-  return !w.eCode;
+  return w.eCode!=0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -116272,6 +122480,14 @@ static int checkConstraintUnchanged(Expr *pExpr, int *aiChng, int chngRowid){
 ** the same as the order of indices on the linked list of indices
 ** at pTab->pIndex.
 **
+** (2019-05-07) The generated code also creates a new record for the
+** main table, if pTab is a rowid table, and stores that record in the
+** register identified by aRegIdx[nIdx] - in other words in the first
+** entry of aRegIdx[] past the last index.  It is important that the
+** record be generated during constraint checks to avoid affinity changes
+** to the register content that occur after constraint checks but before
+** the new record is inserted.
+**
 ** The caller must have already opened writeable cursors on the main
 ** table and all applicable indices (that is to say, all indices for which
 ** aRegIdx[] is not zero).  iDataCur is the cursor for the main table when
@@ -116343,7 +122559,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
   int ix;              /* Index loop counter */
   int nCol;            /* Number of columns */
   int onError;         /* Conflict resolution strategy */
-  int addr1;           /* Address of jump instruction */
   int seenReplace = 0; /* True if REPLACE is used to resolve INT PK conflict */
   int nPkField;        /* Number of fields in PRIMARY KEY. 1 for ROWID tables */
   Index *pUpIdx = 0;   /* Index to which to apply the upsert */
@@ -116353,16 +122568,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
   int upsertJump = 0;    /* Address of Goto that jumps into upsert subroutine */
   int ipkTop = 0;        /* Top of the IPK uniqueness check */
   int ipkBottom = 0;     /* OP_Goto at the end of the IPK uniqueness check */
+  /* Variables associated with retesting uniqueness constraints after
+  ** replace triggers fire have run */
+  int regTrigCnt;       /* Register used to count replace trigger invocations */
+  int addrRecheck = 0;  /* Jump here to recheck all uniqueness constraints */
+  int lblRecheckOk = 0; /* Each recheck jumps to this label if it passes */
+  Trigger *pTrigger;    /* List of DELETE triggers on the table pTab */
+  int nReplaceTrig = 0; /* Number of replace triggers coded */
 
   isUpdate = regOldData!=0;
   db = pParse->db;
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+  v = pParse->pVdbe;
   assert( v!=0 );
   assert( pTab->pSelect==0 );  /* This table is not a VIEW */
   nCol = pTab->nCol;
-  
+
   /* pPk is the PRIMARY KEY index for WITHOUT ROWID tables and NULL for
-  ** normal rowid tables.  nPkField is the number of key fields in the 
+  ** normal rowid tables.  nPkField is the number of key fields in the
   ** pPk index or 1 for a rowid table.  In other words, nPkField is the
   ** number of fields in the true primary key of the table. */
   if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
@@ -116379,56 +122601,103 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
 
   /* Test all NOT NULL constraints.
   */
-  for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-    if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
-      continue;        /* ROWID is never NULL */
-    }
-    if( aiChng && aiChng[i]<0 ){
-      /* Don't bother checking for NOT NULL on columns that do not change */
-      continue;
-    }
-    onError = pTab->aCol[i].notNull;
-    if( onError==OE_None ) continue;  /* This column is allowed to be NULL */
-    if( overrideError!=OE_Default ){
-      onError = overrideError;
-    }else if( onError==OE_Default ){
-      onError = OE_Abort;
-    }
-    if( onError==OE_Replace && pTab->aCol[i].pDflt==0 ){
-      onError = OE_Abort;
-    }
-    assert( onError==OE_Rollback || onError==OE_Abort || onError==OE_Fail
-        || onError==OE_Ignore || onError==OE_Replace );
-    switch( onError ){
-      case OE_Abort:
-        sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
-        /* Fall through */
-      case OE_Rollback:
-      case OE_Fail: {
-        char *zMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s.%s", pTab->zName,
-                                    pTab->aCol[i].zName);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_HaltIfNull, SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL, onError,
-                          regNewData+1+i);
-        sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, zMsg, P4_DYNAMIC);
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, P5_ConstraintNotNull);
-        VdbeCoverage(v);
-        break;
-      }
-      case OE_Ignore: {
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regNewData+1+i, ignoreDest);
-        VdbeCoverage(v);
+  if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasNotNull ){
+    int b2ndPass = 0;         /* True if currently running 2nd pass */
+    int nSeenReplace = 0;     /* Number of ON CONFLICT REPLACE operations */
+    int nGenerated = 0;       /* Number of generated columns with NOT NULL */
+    while(1){  /* Make 2 passes over columns. Exit loop via "break" */
+      for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
+        int iReg;                        /* Register holding column value */
+        Column *pCol = &pTab->aCol[i];   /* The column to check for NOT NULL */
+        int isGenerated;                 /* non-zero if column is generated */
+        onError = pCol->notNull;
+        if( onError==OE_None ) continue; /* No NOT NULL on this column */
+        if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
+          continue;        /* ROWID is never NULL */
+        }
+        isGenerated = pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED;
+        if( isGenerated && !b2ndPass ){
+          nGenerated++;
+          continue;        /* Generated columns processed on 2nd pass */
+        }
+        if( aiChng && aiChng[i]<0 && !isGenerated ){
+          /* Do not check NOT NULL on columns that do not change */
+          continue;
+        }
+        if( overrideError!=OE_Default ){
+          onError = overrideError;
+        }else if( onError==OE_Default ){
+          onError = OE_Abort;
+        }
+        if( onError==OE_Replace ){
+          if( b2ndPass        /* REPLACE becomes ABORT on the 2nd pass */
+           || pCol->pDflt==0  /* REPLACE is ABORT if no DEFAULT value */
+          ){
+            testcase( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL );
+            testcase( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED );
+            testcase( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED );
+            onError = OE_Abort;
+          }else{
+            assert( !isGenerated );
+          }
+        }else if( b2ndPass && !isGenerated ){
+          continue;
+        }
+        assert( onError==OE_Rollback || onError==OE_Abort || onError==OE_Fail
+            || onError==OE_Ignore || onError==OE_Replace );
+        testcase( i!=sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, i) );
+        iReg = sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, i) + regNewData + 1;
+        switch( onError ){
+          case OE_Replace: {
+            int addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, iReg);
+            VdbeCoverage(v);
+            assert( (pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)==0 );
+            nSeenReplace++;
+            sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(pParse, pCol->pDflt, iReg);
+            sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
+            break;
+          }
+          case OE_Abort:
+            sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
+            /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
+          case OE_Rollback:
+          case OE_Fail: {
+            char *zMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s.%s", pTab->zName,
+                                        pCol->zName);
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_HaltIfNull, SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL,
+                              onError, iReg);
+            sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, zMsg, P4_DYNAMIC);
+            sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, P5_ConstraintNotNull);
+            VdbeCoverage(v);
+            break;
+          }
+          default: {
+            assert( onError==OE_Ignore );
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, iReg, ignoreDest);
+            VdbeCoverage(v);
+            break;
+          }
+        } /* end switch(onError) */
+      } /* end loop i over columns */
+      if( nGenerated==0 && nSeenReplace==0 ){
+        /* If there are no generated columns with NOT NULL constraints
+        ** and no NOT NULL ON CONFLICT REPLACE constraints, then a single
+        ** pass is sufficient */
         break;
       }
-      default: {
-        assert( onError==OE_Replace );
-        addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, regNewData+1+i);
-           VdbeCoverage(v);
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pTab->aCol[i].pDflt, regNewData+1+i);
-        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
-        break;
+      if( b2ndPass ) break;  /* Never need more than 2 passes */
+      b2ndPass = 1;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+      if( nSeenReplace>0 && (pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasGenerated)!=0 ){
+        /* If any NOT NULL ON CONFLICT REPLACE constraints fired on the
+        ** first pass, recomputed values for all generated columns, as
+        ** those values might depend on columns affected by the REPLACE.
+        */
+        sqlite3ComputeGeneratedColumns(pParse, regNewData+1, pTab);
       }
-    }
-  }
+#endif
+    } /* end of 2-pass loop */
+  } /* end if( has-not-null-constraints ) */
 
   /* Test all CHECK constraints
   */
@@ -116439,17 +122708,32 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
     onError = overrideError!=OE_Default ? overrideError : OE_Abort;
     for(i=0; i<pCheck->nExpr; i++){
       int allOk;
+      Expr *pCopy;
       Expr *pExpr = pCheck->a[i].pExpr;
-      if( aiChng && checkConstraintUnchanged(pExpr, aiChng, pkChng) ) continue;
-      allOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+      if( aiChng
+       && !sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(pExpr, aiChng, pkChng)
+      ){
+        /* The check constraints do not reference any of the columns being
+        ** updated so there is no point it verifying the check constraint */
+        continue;
+      }
+      if( bAffinityDone==0 ){
+        sqlite3TableAffinity(v, pTab, regNewData+1);
+        bAffinityDone = 1;
+      }
+      allOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
       sqlite3VdbeVerifyAbortable(v, onError);
-      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr, allOk, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
+      pCopy = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
+      if( !db->mallocFailed ){
+        sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pCopy, allOk, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
+      }
+      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCopy);
       if( onError==OE_Ignore ){
         sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, ignoreDest);
       }else{
-        char *zName = pCheck->a[i].zName;
-        if( zName==0 ) zName = pTab->zName;
-        if( onError==OE_Replace ) onError = OE_Abort; /* IMP: R-15569-63625 */
+        char *zName = pCheck->a[i].zEName;
+        assert( zName!=0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
+        if( onError==OE_Replace ) onError = OE_Abort; /* IMP: R-26383-51744 */
         sqlite3HaltConstraint(pParse, SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK,
                               onError, zName, P4_TRANSIENT,
                               P5_ConstraintCheck);
@@ -116504,11 +122788,55 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
     }
   }
 
+  /* Determine if it is possible that triggers (either explicitly coded
+  ** triggers or FK resolution actions) might run as a result of deletes
+  ** that happen when OE_Replace conflict resolution occurs. (Call these
+  ** "replace triggers".)  If any replace triggers run, we will need to
+  ** recheck all of the uniqueness constraints after they have all run.
+  ** But on the recheck, the resolution is OE_Abort instead of OE_Replace.
+  **
+  ** If replace triggers are a possibility, then
+  **
+  **   (1) Allocate register regTrigCnt and initialize it to zero.
+  **       That register will count the number of replace triggers that
+  **       fire.  Constraint recheck only occurs if the number is positive.
+  **   (2) Initialize pTrigger to the list of all DELETE triggers on pTab.
+  **   (3) Initialize addrRecheck and lblRecheckOk
+  **
+  ** The uniqueness rechecking code will create a series of tests to run
+  ** in a second pass.  The addrRecheck and lblRecheckOk variables are
+  ** used to link together these tests which are separated from each other
+  ** in the generate bytecode.
+  */
+  if( (db->flags & (SQLITE_RecTriggers|SQLITE_ForeignKeys))==0 ){
+    /* There are not DELETE triggers nor FK constraints.  No constraint
+    ** rechecks are needed. */
+    pTrigger = 0;
+    regTrigCnt = 0;
+  }else{
+    if( db->flags&SQLITE_RecTriggers ){
+      pTrigger = sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_DELETE, 0, 0);
+      regTrigCnt = pTrigger!=0 || sqlite3FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0, 0);
+    }else{
+      pTrigger = 0;
+      regTrigCnt = sqlite3FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0, 0);
+    }
+    if( regTrigCnt ){
+      /* Replace triggers might exist.  Allocate the counter and
+      ** initialize it to zero. */
+      regTrigCnt = ++pParse->nMem;
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regTrigCnt);
+      VdbeComment((v, "trigger count"));
+      lblRecheckOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+      addrRecheck = lblRecheckOk;
+    }
+  }
+
   /* If rowid is changing, make sure the new rowid does not previously
   ** exist in the table.
   */
   if( pkChng && pPk==0 ){
-    int addrRowidOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+    int addrRowidOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
 
     /* Figure out what action to take in case of a rowid collision */
     onError = pTab->keyConf;
@@ -116559,7 +122887,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
     switch( onError ){
       default: {
         onError = OE_Abort;
-        /* Fall thru into the next case */
+        /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
       }
       case OE_Rollback:
       case OE_Abort:
@@ -116577,10 +122905,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
         ** the triggers and remove both the table and index b-tree entries.
         **
         ** Otherwise, if there are no triggers or the recursive-triggers
-        ** flag is not set, but the table has one or more indexes, call 
-        ** GenerateRowIndexDelete(). This removes the index b-tree entries 
-        ** only. The table b-tree entry will be replaced by the new entry 
-        ** when it is inserted.  
+        ** flag is not set, but the table has one or more indexes, call
+        ** GenerateRowIndexDelete(). This removes the index b-tree entries
+        ** only. The table b-tree entry will be replaced by the new entry
+        ** when it is inserted.
         **
         ** If either GenerateRowDelete() or GenerateRowIndexDelete() is called,
         ** also invoke MultiWrite() to indicate that this VDBE may require
@@ -116593,14 +122921,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
         ** to run without a statement journal if there are no indexes on the
         ** table.
         */
-        Trigger *pTrigger = 0;
-        if( db->flags&SQLITE_RecTriggers ){
-          pTrigger = sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_DELETE, 0, 0);
-        }
-        if( pTrigger || sqlite3FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0, 0) ){
+        if( regTrigCnt ){
           sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
           sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(pParse, pTab, pTrigger, iDataCur, iIdxCur,
                                    regNewData, 1, 0, OE_Replace, 1, -1);
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regTrigCnt, 1); /* incr trigger cnt */
+          nReplaceTrig++;
         }else{
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
           assert( HasRowid(pTab) );
@@ -116622,7 +122948,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
       case OE_Update: {
         sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(pParse, pUpsert, pTab, 0, iDataCur);
-        /* Fall through */
+        /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
       }
 #endif
       case OE_Ignore: {
@@ -116650,6 +122976,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
     int regR;            /* Range of registers holding conflicting PK */
     int iThisCur;        /* Cursor for this UNIQUE index */
     int addrUniqueOk;    /* Jump here if the UNIQUE constraint is satisfied */
+    int addrConflictCk;  /* First opcode in the conflict check logic */
 
     if( aRegIdx[ix]==0 ) continue;  /* Skip indices that do not change */
     if( pUpIdx==pIdx ){
@@ -116658,13 +122985,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
       VdbeComment((v, "Skip upsert subroutine"));
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, upsertJump);
     }else{
-      addrUniqueOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+      addrUniqueOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
     }
     if( bAffinityDone==0 && (pUpIdx==0 || pUpIdx==pIdx) ){
       sqlite3TableAffinity(v, pTab, regNewData+1);
       bAffinityDone = 1;
     }
-    VdbeNoopComment((v, "uniqueness check for %s", pIdx->zName));
+    VdbeNoopComment((v, "prep index %s", pIdx->zName));
     iThisCur = iIdxCur+ix;
 
 
@@ -116689,23 +123016,27 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
         sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(pParse, pIdx->aColExpr->a[i].pExpr, regIdx+i);
         pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
         VdbeComment((v, "%s column %d", pIdx->zName, i));
+      }else if( iField==XN_ROWID || iField==pTab->iPKey ){
+        x = regNewData;
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IntCopy, x, regIdx+i);
+        VdbeComment((v, "rowid"));
       }else{
-        if( iField==XN_ROWID || iField==pTab->iPKey ){
-          x = regNewData;
-        }else{
-          x = iField + regNewData + 1;
-        }
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, iField<0 ? OP_IntCopy : OP_SCopy, x, regIdx+i);
-        VdbeComment((v, "%s", iField<0 ? "rowid" : pTab->aCol[iField].zName));
+        testcase( sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, iField)!=iField );
+        x = sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, iField) + regNewData + 1;
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, x, regIdx+i);
+        VdbeComment((v, "%s", pTab->aCol[iField].zName));
       }
     }
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regIdx, pIdx->nColumn, aRegIdx[ix]);
     VdbeComment((v, "for %s", pIdx->zName));
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
-    if( pIdx->idxType==2 ) sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(v, pIdx->pTable);
+    if( pIdx->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY ){
+      sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(v, pIdx->pTable);
+    }
 #endif
+    sqlite3VdbeReleaseRegisters(pParse, regIdx, pIdx->nColumn, 0, 0);
 
-    /* In an UPDATE operation, if this index is the PRIMARY KEY index 
+    /* In an UPDATE operation, if this index is the PRIMARY KEY index
     ** of a WITHOUT ROWID table and there has been no change the
     ** primary key, then no collision is possible.  The collision detection
     ** logic below can all be skipped. */
@@ -116716,7 +123047,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
 
     /* Find out what action to take in case there is a uniqueness conflict */
     onError = pIdx->onError;
-    if( onError==OE_None ){ 
+    if( onError==OE_None ){
       sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrUniqueOk);
       continue;  /* pIdx is not a UNIQUE index */
     }
@@ -116741,7 +123072,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
     **   (3) There are no secondary indexes on the table
     **   (4) No delete triggers need to be fired if there is a conflict
     **   (5) No FK constraint counters need to be updated if a conflict occurs.
-    */ 
+    **
+    ** This is not possible for ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK builds, as the row
+    ** must be explicitly deleted in order to ensure any pre-update hook
+    ** is invoked.  */
+#ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
     if( (ix==0 && pIdx->pNext==0)                   /* Condition 3 */
      && pPk==pIdx                                   /* Condition 2 */
      && onError==OE_Replace                         /* Condition 1 */
@@ -116753,11 +123088,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
       sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrUniqueOk);
       continue;
     }
+#endif /* ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
 
     /* Check to see if the new index entry will be unique */
     sqlite3VdbeVerifyAbortable(v, onError);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NoConflict, iThisCur, addrUniqueOk,
-                         regIdx, pIdx->nKeyCol); VdbeCoverage(v);
+    addrConflictCk =
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NoConflict, iThisCur, addrUniqueOk,
+                           regIdx, pIdx->nKeyCol); VdbeCoverage(v);
 
     /* Generate code to handle collisions */
     regR = (pIdx==pPk) ? regIdx : sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nPkField);
@@ -116778,14 +123115,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
         if( pIdx!=pPk ){
           for(i=0; i<pPk->nKeyCol; i++){
             assert( pPk->aiColumn[i]>=0 );
-            x = sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(pIdx, pPk->aiColumn[i]);
+            x = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(pIdx, pPk->aiColumn[i]);
             sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iThisCur, x, regR+i);
             VdbeComment((v, "%s.%s", pTab->zName,
                          pTab->aCol[pPk->aiColumn[i]].zName));
           }
         }
         if( isUpdate ){
-          /* If currently processing the PRIMARY KEY of a WITHOUT ROWID 
+          /* If currently processing the PRIMARY KEY of a WITHOUT ROWID
           ** table, only conflict if the new PRIMARY KEY values are actually
           ** different from the old.
           **
@@ -116795,7 +123132,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
           int addrJump = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+pPk->nKeyCol;
           int op = OP_Ne;
           int regCmp = (IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx) ? regIdx : regR);
-  
+
           for(i=0; i<pPk->nKeyCol; i++){
             char *p4 = (char*)sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, pPk->azColl[i]);
             x = pPk->aiColumn[i];
@@ -116804,7 +123141,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
               addrJump = addrUniqueOk;
               op = OP_Eq;
             }
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, op, 
+            x = sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, x);
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, op,
                 regOldData+1+x, addrJump, regCmp+i, p4, P4_COLLSEQ
             );
             sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_NOTNULL);
@@ -116831,7 +123169,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
       case OE_Update: {
         sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(pParse, pUpsert, pTab, pIdx, iIdxCur+ix);
-        /* Fall through */
+        /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
       }
 #endif
       case OE_Ignore: {
@@ -116840,17 +123178,73 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
         break;
       }
       default: {
-        Trigger *pTrigger = 0;
+        int nConflictCk;   /* Number of opcodes in conflict check logic */
+
         assert( onError==OE_Replace );
-        if( db->flags&SQLITE_RecTriggers ){
-          pTrigger = sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_DELETE, 0, 0);
-        }
-        if( pTrigger || sqlite3FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0, 0) ){
+        nConflictCk = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) - addrConflictCk;
+        assert( nConflictCk>0 );
+        testcase( nConflictCk>1 );
+        if( regTrigCnt ){
           sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
+          nReplaceTrig++;
+        }
+        if( pTrigger && isUpdate ){
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_CursorLock, iDataCur);
         }
         sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(pParse, pTab, pTrigger, iDataCur, iIdxCur,
             regR, nPkField, 0, OE_Replace,
             (pIdx==pPk ? ONEPASS_SINGLE : ONEPASS_OFF), iThisCur);
+        if( pTrigger && isUpdate ){
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_CursorUnlock, iDataCur);
+        }
+        if( regTrigCnt ){
+          int addrBypass;  /* Jump destination to bypass recheck logic */
+
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regTrigCnt, 1); /* incr trigger cnt */
+          addrBypass = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);  /* Bypass recheck */
+          VdbeComment((v, "bypass recheck"));
+
+          /* Here we insert code that will be invoked after all constraint
+          ** checks have run, if and only if one or more replace triggers
+          ** fired. */
+          sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lblRecheckOk);
+          lblRecheckOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+          if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
+            /* Bypass the recheck if this partial index is not defined
+            ** for the current row */
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regIdx-1, lblRecheckOk);
+            VdbeCoverage(v);
+          }
+          /* Copy the constraint check code from above, except change
+          ** the constraint-ok jump destination to be the address of
+          ** the next retest block */
+          while( nConflictCk>0 ){
+            VdbeOp x;    /* Conflict check opcode to copy */
+            /* The sqlite3VdbeAddOp4() call might reallocate the opcode array.
+            ** Hence, make a complete copy of the opcode, rather than using
+            ** a pointer to the opcode. */
+            x = *sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, addrConflictCk);
+            if( x.opcode!=OP_IdxRowid ){
+              int p2;      /* New P2 value for copied conflict check opcode */
+              const char *zP4;
+              if( sqlite3OpcodeProperty[x.opcode]&OPFLG_JUMP ){
+                p2 = lblRecheckOk;
+              }else{
+                p2 = x.p2;
+              }
+              zP4 = x.p4type==P4_INT32 ? SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(x.p4.i) : x.p4.z;
+              sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, x.opcode, x.p1, p2, x.p3, zP4, x.p4type);
+              sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, x.p5);
+              VdbeCoverageIf(v, p2!=x.p2);
+            }
+            nConflictCk--;
+            addrConflictCk++;
+          }
+          /* If the retest fails, issue an abort */
+          sqlite3UniqueConstraint(pParse, OE_Abort, pIdx);
+
+          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrBypass); /* Terminate the recheck bypass */
+        }
         seenReplace = 1;
         break;
       }
@@ -116866,11 +123260,41 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
 
   /* If the IPK constraint is a REPLACE, run it last */
   if( ipkTop ){
-    sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, ipkTop+1);
+    sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, ipkTop);
     VdbeComment((v, "Do IPK REPLACE"));
     sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, ipkBottom);
   }
 
+  /* Recheck all uniqueness constraints after replace triggers have run */
+  testcase( regTrigCnt!=0 && nReplaceTrig==0 );
+  assert( regTrigCnt!=0 || nReplaceTrig==0 );
+  if( nReplaceTrig ){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfNot, regTrigCnt, lblRecheckOk);VdbeCoverage(v);
+    if( !pPk ){
+      if( isUpdate ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, regNewData, addrRecheck, regOldData);
+        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_NOTNULL);
+        VdbeCoverage(v);
+      }
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iDataCur, addrRecheck, regNewData);
+      VdbeCoverage(v);
+      sqlite3RowidConstraint(pParse, OE_Abort, pTab);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, addrRecheck);
+    }
+    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lblRecheckOk);
+  }
+
+  /* Generate the table record */
+  if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
+    int regRec = aRegIdx[ix];
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regNewData+1, pTab->nNVCol, regRec);
+    sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(v, pTab);
+    if( !bAffinityDone ){
+      sqlite3TableAffinity(v, pTab, 0);
+    }
+  }
+
   *pbMayReplace = seenReplace;
   VdbeModuleComment((v, "END: GenCnstCks(%d)", seenReplace));
 }
@@ -116920,22 +123344,22 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(
   Vdbe *v;            /* Prepared statements under construction */
   Index *pIdx;        /* An index being inserted or updated */
   u8 pik_flags;       /* flag values passed to the btree insert */
-  int regData;        /* Content registers (after the rowid) */
-  int regRec;         /* Register holding assembled record for the table */
   int i;              /* Loop counter */
-  u8 bAffinityDone = 0; /* True if OP_Affinity has been run already */
 
   assert( update_flags==0
        || update_flags==OPFLAG_ISUPDATE
        || update_flags==(OPFLAG_ISUPDATE|OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION)
   );
 
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+  v = pParse->pVdbe;
   assert( v!=0 );
   assert( pTab->pSelect==0 );  /* This table is not a VIEW */
   for(i=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, i++){
+    /* All REPLACE indexes are at the end of the list */
+    assert( pIdx->onError!=OE_Replace
+         || pIdx->pNext==0
+         || pIdx->pNext->onError==OE_Replace );
     if( aRegIdx[i]==0 ) continue;
-    bAffinityDone = 1;
     if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, aRegIdx[i], sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
       VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -116947,10 +123371,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(
       pik_flags |= (update_flags & OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION);
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
       if( update_flags==0 ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_InsertInt, 
-            iIdxCur+i, aRegIdx[i], 0, (char*)pTab, P4_TABLE
+        int r = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, r);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Insert,
+            iIdxCur+i, aRegIdx[i], r, (char*)pTab, P4_TABLE
         );
         sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_ISNOOP);
+        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r);
       }
 #endif
     }
@@ -116960,13 +123387,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, pik_flags);
   }
   if( !HasRowid(pTab) ) return;
-  regData = regNewData + 1;
-  regRec = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regData, pTab->nCol, regRec);
-  sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(v, pTab);
-  if( !bAffinityDone ){
-    sqlite3TableAffinity(v, pTab, 0);
-  }
   if( pParse->nested ){
     pik_flags = 0;
   }else{
@@ -116979,7 +123399,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(
   if( useSeekResult ){
     pik_flags |= OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT;
   }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iDataCur, regRec, regNewData);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iDataCur, aRegIdx[i], regNewData);
   if( !pParse->nested ){
     sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pTab, P4_TABLE);
   }
@@ -117032,7 +123452,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(
     return 0;
   }
   iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+  v = pParse->pVdbe;
   assert( v!=0 );
   if( iBase<0 ) iBase = pParse->nTab;
   iDataCur = iBase++;
@@ -117089,7 +123509,7 @@ static int xferCompatibleIndex(Index *pDest, Index *pSrc){
   int i;
   assert( pDest && pSrc );
   assert( pDest->pTable!=pSrc->pTable );
-  if( pDest->nKeyCol!=pSrc->nKeyCol ){
+  if( pDest->nKeyCol!=pSrc->nKeyCol || pDest->nColumn!=pSrc->nColumn ){
     return 0;   /* Different number of columns */
   }
   if( pDest->onError!=pSrc->onError ){
@@ -117126,7 +123546,7 @@ static int xferCompatibleIndex(Index *pDest, Index *pSrc){
 **
 **     INSERT INTO tab1 SELECT * FROM tab2;
 **
-** The xfer optimization transfers raw records from tab2 over to tab1.  
+** The xfer optimization transfers raw records from tab2 over to tab1.
 ** Columns are not decoded and reassembled, which greatly improves
 ** performance.  Raw index records are transferred in the same way.
 **
@@ -117236,7 +123656,8 @@ static int xferOptimization(
   if( pSrc==0 ){
     return 0;   /* FROM clause does not contain a real table */
   }
-  if( pSrc==pDest ){
+  if( pSrc->tnum==pDest->tnum && pSrc->pSchema==pDest->pSchema ){
+    testcase( pSrc!=pDest ); /* Possible due to bad sqlite_schema.rootpage */
     return 0;   /* tab1 and tab2 may not be the same table */
   }
   if( HasRowid(pDest)!=HasRowid(pSrc) ){
@@ -117260,11 +123681,44 @@ static int xferOptimization(
     Column *pDestCol = &pDest->aCol[i];
     Column *pSrcCol = &pSrc->aCol[i];
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
-    if( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)==0 
-     && (pDestCol->colFlags | pSrcCol->colFlags) & COLFLAG_HIDDEN 
+    if( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)==0
+     && (pDestCol->colFlags | pSrcCol->colFlags) & COLFLAG_HIDDEN
     ){
       return 0;    /* Neither table may have __hidden__ columns */
     }
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+    /* Even if tables t1 and t2 have identical schemas, if they contain
+    ** generated columns, then this statement is semantically incorrect:
+    **
+    **     INSERT INTO t2 SELECT * FROM t1;
+    **
+    ** The reason is that generated column values are returned by the
+    ** the SELECT statement on the right but the INSERT statement on the
+    ** left wants them to be omitted.
+    **
+    ** Nevertheless, this is a useful notational shorthand to tell SQLite
+    ** to do a bulk transfer all of the content from t1 over to t2.
+    **
+    ** We could, in theory, disable this (except for internal use by the
+    ** VACUUM command where it is actually needed).  But why do that?  It
+    ** seems harmless enough, and provides a useful service.
+    */
+    if( (pDestCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED) !=
+        (pSrcCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED) ){
+      return 0;    /* Both columns have the same generated-column type */
+    }
+    /* But the transfer is only allowed if both the source and destination
+    ** tables have the exact same expressions for generated columns.
+    ** This requirement could be relaxed for VIRTUAL columns, I suppose.
+    */
+    if( (pDestCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)!=0 ){
+      if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pSrcCol->pDflt, pDestCol->pDflt, -1)!=0 ){
+        testcase( pDestCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL );
+        testcase( pDestCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED );
+        return 0;  /* Different generator expressions */
+      }
+    }
 #endif
     if( pDestCol->affinity!=pSrcCol->affinity ){
       return 0;    /* Affinity must be the same on all columns */
@@ -117276,10 +123730,10 @@ static int xferOptimization(
       return 0;    /* tab2 must be NOT NULL if tab1 is */
     }
     /* Default values for second and subsequent columns need to match. */
-    if( i>0 ){
+    if( (pDestCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)==0 && i>0 ){
       assert( pDestCol->pDflt==0 || pDestCol->pDflt->op==TK_SPAN );
       assert( pSrcCol->pDflt==0 || pSrcCol->pDflt->op==TK_SPAN );
-      if( (pDestCol->pDflt==0)!=(pSrcCol->pDflt==0) 
+      if( (pDestCol->pDflt==0)!=(pSrcCol->pDflt==0)
        || (pDestCol->pDflt && strcmp(pDestCol->pDflt->u.zToken,
                                        pSrcCol->pDflt->u.zToken)!=0)
       ){
@@ -117297,6 +123751,13 @@ static int xferOptimization(
     if( pSrcIdx==0 ){
       return 0;    /* pDestIdx has no corresponding index in pSrc */
     }
+    if( pSrcIdx->tnum==pDestIdx->tnum && pSrc->pSchema==pDest->pSchema
+         && sqlite3FaultSim(411)==SQLITE_OK ){
+      /* The sqlite3FaultSim() call allows this corruption test to be
+      ** bypassed during testing, in order to exercise other corruption tests
+      ** further downstream. */
+      return 0;   /* Corrupt schema - two indexes on the same btree */
+    }
   }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
   if( pDest->pCheck && sqlite3ExprListCompare(pSrc->pCheck,pDest->pCheck,-1) ){
@@ -117306,7 +123767,7 @@ static int xferOptimization(
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
   /* Disallow the transfer optimization if the destination table constains
   ** any foreign key constraints.  This is more restrictive than necessary.
-  ** But the main beneficiary of the transfer optimization is the VACUUM 
+  ** But the main beneficiary of the transfer optimization is the VACUUM
   ** command, and the VACUUM command disables foreign key constraints.  So
   ** the extra complication to make this rule less restrictive is probably
   ** not worth the effort.  Ticket [6284df89debdfa61db8073e062908af0c9b6118e]
@@ -117353,7 +123814,7 @@ static int xferOptimization(
     **     (If the destination is not initially empty, the rowid fields
     **     of index entries might need to change.)
     **
-    ** (2) The destination has a unique index.  (The xfer optimization 
+    ** (2) The destination has a unique index.  (The xfer optimization
     **     is unable to test uniqueness.)
     **
     ** (3) onError is something other than OE_Abort and OE_Rollback.
@@ -117374,20 +123835,19 @@ static int xferOptimization(
       sqlite3RowidConstraint(pParse, onError, pDest);
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr2);
       autoIncStep(pParse, regAutoinc, regRowid);
-    }else if( pDest->pIndex==0 ){
+    }else if( pDest->pIndex==0 && !(db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_VacuumInto) ){
       addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iDest, regRowid);
     }else{
       addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iSrc, regRowid);
       assert( (pDest->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement)==0 );
     }
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowData, iSrc, regData, 1);
     if( db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SeekEnd, iDest);
-      insFlags = OPFLAG_NCHANGE|OPFLAG_LASTROWID|
-                           OPFLAG_APPEND|OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT;
+      insFlags = OPFLAG_APPEND|OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT;
     }else{
       insFlags = OPFLAG_NCHANGE|OPFLAG_LASTROWID|OPFLAG_APPEND;
     }
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowData, iSrc, regData, 1);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Insert, iDest, regData, regRowid,
                       (char*)pDest, P4_TABLE);
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, insFlags);
@@ -117412,19 +123872,18 @@ static int xferOptimization(
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_BULKCSR);
     VdbeComment((v, "%s", pDestIdx->zName));
     addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iSrc, 0); VdbeCoverage(v);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowData, iSrc, regData, 1);
     if( db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum ){
       /* This INSERT command is part of a VACUUM operation, which guarantees
       ** that the destination table is empty. If all indexed columns use
       ** collation sequence BINARY, then it can also be assumed that the
-      ** index will be populated by inserting keys in strictly sorted 
+      ** index will be populated by inserting keys in strictly sorted
       ** order. In this case, instead of seeking within the b-tree as part
       ** of every OP_IdxInsert opcode, an OP_SeekEnd is added before the
-      ** OP_IdxInsert to seek to the point within the b-tree where each key 
+      ** OP_IdxInsert to seek to the point within the b-tree where each key
       ** should be inserted. This is faster.
       **
       ** If any of the indexed columns use a collation sequence other than
-      ** BINARY, this optimization is disabled. This is because the user 
+      ** BINARY, this optimization is disabled. This is because the user
       ** might change the definition of a collation sequence and then run
       ** a VACUUM command. In that case keys may not be written in strictly
       ** sorted order.  */
@@ -117436,10 +123895,10 @@ static int xferOptimization(
         idxInsFlags = OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT;
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SeekEnd, iDest);
       }
-    }
-    if( !HasRowid(pSrc) && pDestIdx->idxType==2 ){
+    }else if( !HasRowid(pSrc) && pDestIdx->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY ){
       idxInsFlags |= OPFLAG_NCHANGE;
     }
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowData, iSrc, regData, 1);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iDest, regData);
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, idxInsFlags|OPFLAG_APPEND);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iSrc, addr1+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -117512,7 +123971,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK);
   while( rc==SQLITE_OK && zSql[0] ){
-    int nCol;
+    int nCol = 0;
     char **azVals = 0;
 
     pStmt = 0;
@@ -117526,19 +123985,18 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
       zSql = zLeftover;
       continue;
     }
-
     callbackIsInit = 0;
-    nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
 
     while( 1 ){
       int i;
       rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
 
       /* Invoke the callback function if required */
-      if( xCallback && (SQLITE_ROW==rc || 
+      if( xCallback && (SQLITE_ROW==rc ||
           (SQLITE_DONE==rc && !callbackIsInit
                            && db->flags&SQLITE_NullCallback)) ){
         if( !callbackIsInit ){
+          nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
           azCols = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, (2*nCol+1)*sizeof(const char*));
           if( azCols==0 ){
             goto exec_out;
@@ -117643,7 +124101,7 @@ exec_out:
 ** This header file defines the SQLite interface for use by
 ** shared libraries that want to be imported as extensions into
 ** an SQLite instance.  Shared libraries that intend to be loaded
-** as extensions by SQLite should #include this file instead of 
+** as extensions by SQLite should #include this file instead of
 ** sqlite3.h.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE3EXT_H
@@ -117941,12 +124399,33 @@ struct sqlite3_api_routines {
   int (*str_errcode)(sqlite3_str*);
   int (*str_length)(sqlite3_str*);
   char *(*str_value)(sqlite3_str*);
+  /* Version 3.25.0 and later */
   int (*create_window_function)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int,void*,
                             void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
                             void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
                             void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
                             void (*xInv)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
                             void(*xDestroy)(void*));
+  /* Version 3.26.0 and later */
+  const char *(*normalized_sql)(sqlite3_stmt*);
+  /* Version 3.28.0 and later */
+  int (*stmt_isexplain)(sqlite3_stmt*);
+  int (*value_frombind)(sqlite3_value*);
+  /* Version 3.30.0 and later */
+  int (*drop_modules)(sqlite3*,const char**);
+  /* Version 3.31.0 and later */
+  sqlite3_int64 (*hard_heap_limit64)(sqlite3_int64);
+  const char *(*uri_key)(const char*,int);
+  const char *(*filename_database)(const char*);
+  const char *(*filename_journal)(const char*);
+  const char *(*filename_wal)(const char*);
+  /* Version 3.32.0 and later */
+  char *(*create_filename)(const char*,const char*,const char*,
+                           int,const char**);
+  void (*free_filename)(char*);
+  sqlite3_file *(*database_file_object)(const char*);
+  /* Version 3.34.0 and later */
+  int (*txn_state)(sqlite3*,const char*);
 };
 
 /*
@@ -118234,17 +124713,36 @@ typedef int (*sqlite3_loadext_entry)(
 #define sqlite3_str_value              sqlite3_api->str_value
 /* Version 3.25.0 and later */
 #define sqlite3_create_window_function sqlite3_api->create_window_function
+/* Version 3.26.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_normalized_sql         sqlite3_api->normalized_sql
+/* Version 3.28.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_stmt_isexplain         sqlite3_api->stmt_isexplain
+#define sqlite3_value_frombind         sqlite3_api->value_frombind
+/* Version 3.30.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_drop_modules           sqlite3_api->drop_modules
+/* Version 3.31.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64      sqlite3_api->hard_heap_limit64
+#define sqlite3_uri_key                sqlite3_api->uri_key
+#define sqlite3_filename_database      sqlite3_api->filename_database
+#define sqlite3_filename_journal       sqlite3_api->filename_journal
+#define sqlite3_filename_wal           sqlite3_api->filename_wal
+/* Version 3.32.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_create_filename        sqlite3_api->create_filename
+#define sqlite3_free_filename          sqlite3_api->free_filename
+#define sqlite3_database_file_object   sqlite3_api->database_file_object
+/* Version 3.34.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_txn_state              sqlite3_api->txn_state
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION) */
 
 #if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
-  /* This case when the file really is being compiled as a loadable 
+  /* This case when the file really is being compiled as a loadable
   ** extension */
 # define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1     const sqlite3_api_routines *sqlite3_api=0;
 # define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(v)  sqlite3_api=v;
 # define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT3     \
     extern const sqlite3_api_routines *sqlite3_api;
 #else
-  /* This case when the file is being statically linked into the 
+  /* This case when the file is being statically linked into the
   ** application */
 # define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1     /*no-op*/
 # define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(v)  (void)v; /* unused parameter */
@@ -118322,6 +124820,7 @@ typedef int (*sqlite3_loadext_entry)(
 # define sqlite3_declare_vtab 0
 # define sqlite3_vtab_config 0
 # define sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict 0
+# define sqlite3_vtab_collation 0
 #endif
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
@@ -118535,8 +125034,8 @@ static const sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3Apis = {
   sqlite3_memory_highwater,
   sqlite3_memory_used,
 #ifdef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
-  0, 
-  0, 
+  0,
+  0,
   0,
   0,
   0,
@@ -118689,9 +125188,44 @@ static const sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3Apis = {
   sqlite3_str_length,
   sqlite3_str_value,
   /* Version 3.25.0 and later */
-  sqlite3_create_window_function
+  sqlite3_create_window_function,
+  /* Version 3.26.0 and later */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
+  sqlite3_normalized_sql,
+#else
+  0,
+#endif
+  /* Version 3.28.0 and later */
+  sqlite3_stmt_isexplain,
+  sqlite3_value_frombind,
+  /* Version 3.30.0 and later */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  sqlite3_drop_modules,
+#else
+  0,
+#endif
+  /* Version 3.31.0 and later */
+  sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64,
+  sqlite3_uri_key,
+  sqlite3_filename_database,
+  sqlite3_filename_journal,
+  sqlite3_filename_wal,
+  /* Version 3.32.0 and later */
+  sqlite3_create_filename,
+  sqlite3_free_filename,
+  sqlite3_database_file_object,
+  /* Version 3.34.0 and later */
+  sqlite3_txn_state,
 };
 
+/* True if x is the directory separator character
+*/
+#if SQLITE_OS_WIN
+# define DirSep(X)  ((X)=='/'||(X)=='\\')
+#else
+# define DirSep(X)  ((X)=='/')
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Attempt to load an SQLite extension library contained in the file
 ** zFile.  The entry point is zProc.  zProc may be 0 in which case a
@@ -118700,7 +125234,7 @@ static const sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3Apis = {
 **
 ** Return SQLITE_OK on success and SQLITE_ERROR if something goes wrong.
 **
-** If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then fill *pzErrMsg with 
+** If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then fill *pzErrMsg with
 ** error message text.  The calling function should free this memory
 ** by calling sqlite3DbFree(db, ).
 */
@@ -118724,7 +125258,7 @@ static int sqlite3LoadExtension(
   /* Shared library endings to try if zFile cannot be loaded as written */
   static const char *azEndings[] = {
 #if SQLITE_OS_WIN
-     "dll"   
+     "dll"
 #elif defined(__APPLE__)
      "dylib"
 #else
@@ -118764,7 +125298,7 @@ static int sqlite3LoadExtension(
     if( pzErrMsg ){
       *pzErrMsg = zErrmsg = sqlite3_malloc64(nMsg);
       if( zErrmsg ){
-        sqlite3_snprintf(nMsg, zErrmsg, 
+        sqlite3_snprintf(nMsg, zErrmsg,
             "unable to open shared library [%s]", zFile);
         sqlite3OsDlError(pVfs, nMsg-1, zErrmsg);
       }
@@ -118776,9 +125310,9 @@ static int sqlite3LoadExtension(
   /* If no entry point was specified and the default legacy
   ** entry point name "sqlite3_extension_init" was not found, then
   ** construct an entry point name "sqlite3_X_init" where the X is
-  ** replaced by the lowercase value of every ASCII alphabetic 
+  ** replaced by the lowercase value of every ASCII alphabetic
   ** character in the filename after the last "/" upto the first ".",
-  ** and eliding the first three characters if they are "lib".  
+  ** and eliding the first three characters if they are "lib".
   ** Examples:
   **
   **    /usr/local/lib/libExample5.4.3.so ==>  sqlite3_example_init
@@ -118793,7 +125327,7 @@ static int sqlite3LoadExtension(
       return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
     }
     memcpy(zAltEntry, "sqlite3_", 8);
-    for(iFile=ncFile-1; iFile>=0 && zFile[iFile]!='/'; iFile--){}
+    for(iFile=ncFile-1; iFile>=0 && !DirSep(zFile[iFile]); iFile--){}
     iFile++;
     if( sqlite3_strnicmp(zFile+iFile, "lib", 3)==0 ) iFile += 3;
     for(iEntry=8; (c = zFile[iFile])!=0 && c!='.'; iFile++){
@@ -118881,7 +125415,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff){
   if( onoff ){
     db->flags |= SQLITE_LoadExtension|SQLITE_LoadExtFunc;
   }else{
-    db->flags &= ~(SQLITE_LoadExtension|SQLITE_LoadExtFunc);
+    db->flags &= ~(u64)(SQLITE_LoadExtension|SQLITE_LoadExtFunc);
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -118893,12 +125427,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff){
 ** The following object holds the list of automatically loaded
 ** extensions.
 **
-** This list is shared across threads.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
+** This list is shared across threads.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN
 ** mutex must be held while accessing this list.
 */
 typedef struct sqlite3AutoExtList sqlite3AutoExtList;
 static SQLITE_WSD struct sqlite3AutoExtList {
-  u32 nExt;              /* Number of entries in aExt[] */          
+  u32 nExt;              /* Number of entries in aExt[] */
   void (**aExt)(void);   /* Pointers to the extension init functions */
 } sqlite3Autoext = { 0, 0 };
 
@@ -118935,7 +125469,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(
   {
     u32 i;
 #if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN);
 #endif
     wsdAutoextInit;
     sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
@@ -118973,7 +125507,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(
   void (*xInit)(void)
 ){
 #if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN);
 #endif
   int i;
   int n = 0;
@@ -119000,7 +125534,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void){
 #endif
   {
 #if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN);
 #endif
     wsdAutoextInit;
     sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
@@ -119030,7 +125564,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3 *db){
   for(i=0; go; i++){
     char *zErrmsg;
 #if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
+    sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN);
 #endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
     const sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk = 0;
@@ -119085,7 +125619,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3 *db){
 ** that includes the PragType_XXXX macro definitions and the aPragmaName[]
 ** object.  This ensures that the aPragmaName[] table is arranged in
 ** lexicographical order to facility a binary search of the pragma name.
-** Do not edit pragma.h directly.  Edit and rerun the script in at 
+** Do not edit pragma.h directly.  Edit and rerun the script in at
 ** ../tool/mkpragmatab.tcl. */
 /************** Include pragma.h in the middle of pragma.c *******************/
 /************** Begin file pragma.h ******************************************/
@@ -119096,53 +125630,51 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3 *db){
 */
 
 /* The various pragma types */
-#define PragTyp_HEADER_VALUE                   0
-#define PragTyp_AUTO_VACUUM                    1
-#define PragTyp_FLAG                           2
-#define PragTyp_BUSY_TIMEOUT                   3
-#define PragTyp_CACHE_SIZE                     4
-#define PragTyp_CACHE_SPILL                    5
-#define PragTyp_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE            6
-#define PragTyp_COLLATION_LIST                 7
-#define PragTyp_COMPILE_OPTIONS                8
-#define PragTyp_DATA_STORE_DIRECTORY           9
-#define PragTyp_DATABASE_LIST                 10
-#define PragTyp_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE            11
-#define PragTyp_ENCODING                      12
-#define PragTyp_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECK             13
-#define PragTyp_FOREIGN_KEY_LIST              14
-#define PragTyp_FUNCTION_LIST                 15
-#define PragTyp_INCREMENTAL_VACUUM            16
-#define PragTyp_INDEX_INFO                    17
-#define PragTyp_INDEX_LIST                    18
-#define PragTyp_INTEGRITY_CHECK               19
-#define PragTyp_JOURNAL_MODE                  20
-#define PragTyp_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT            21
-#define PragTyp_LOCK_PROXY_FILE               22
-#define PragTyp_LOCKING_MODE                  23
-#define PragTyp_PAGE_COUNT                    24
-#define PragTyp_MMAP_SIZE                     25
-#define PragTyp_MODULE_LIST                   26
-#define PragTyp_OPTIMIZE                      27
-#define PragTyp_PAGE_SIZE                     28
-#define PragTyp_PRAGMA_LIST                   29
-#define PragTyp_SECURE_DELETE                 30
-#define PragTyp_SHRINK_MEMORY                 31
-#define PragTyp_SOFT_HEAP_LIMIT               32
-#define PragTyp_SYNCHRONOUS                   33
-#define PragTyp_TABLE_INFO                    34
-#define PragTyp_TEMP_STORE                    35
-#define PragTyp_TEMP_STORE_DIRECTORY          36
-#define PragTyp_THREADS                       37
-#define PragTyp_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT            38
-#define PragTyp_WAL_CHECKPOINT                39
-#define PragTyp_ACTIVATE_EXTENSIONS           40
-#define PragTyp_HEXKEY                        41
-#define PragTyp_KEY                           42
-#define PragTyp_REKEY                         43
-#define PragTyp_LOCK_STATUS                   44
-#define PragTyp_PARSER_TRACE                  45
-#define PragTyp_STATS                         46
+#define PragTyp_ACTIVATE_EXTENSIONS            0
+#define PragTyp_ANALYSIS_LIMIT                 1
+#define PragTyp_HEADER_VALUE                   2
+#define PragTyp_AUTO_VACUUM                    3
+#define PragTyp_FLAG                           4
+#define PragTyp_BUSY_TIMEOUT                   5
+#define PragTyp_CACHE_SIZE                     6
+#define PragTyp_CACHE_SPILL                    7
+#define PragTyp_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE            8
+#define PragTyp_COLLATION_LIST                 9
+#define PragTyp_COMPILE_OPTIONS               10
+#define PragTyp_DATA_STORE_DIRECTORY          11
+#define PragTyp_DATABASE_LIST                 12
+#define PragTyp_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE            13
+#define PragTyp_ENCODING                      14
+#define PragTyp_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECK             15
+#define PragTyp_FOREIGN_KEY_LIST              16
+#define PragTyp_FUNCTION_LIST                 17
+#define PragTyp_HARD_HEAP_LIMIT               18
+#define PragTyp_INCREMENTAL_VACUUM            19
+#define PragTyp_INDEX_INFO                    20
+#define PragTyp_INDEX_LIST                    21
+#define PragTyp_INTEGRITY_CHECK               22
+#define PragTyp_JOURNAL_MODE                  23
+#define PragTyp_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT            24
+#define PragTyp_LOCK_PROXY_FILE               25
+#define PragTyp_LOCKING_MODE                  26
+#define PragTyp_PAGE_COUNT                    27
+#define PragTyp_MMAP_SIZE                     28
+#define PragTyp_MODULE_LIST                   29
+#define PragTyp_OPTIMIZE                      30
+#define PragTyp_PAGE_SIZE                     31
+#define PragTyp_PRAGMA_LIST                   32
+#define PragTyp_SECURE_DELETE                 33
+#define PragTyp_SHRINK_MEMORY                 34
+#define PragTyp_SOFT_HEAP_LIMIT               35
+#define PragTyp_SYNCHRONOUS                   36
+#define PragTyp_TABLE_INFO                    37
+#define PragTyp_TEMP_STORE                    38
+#define PragTyp_TEMP_STORE_DIRECTORY          39
+#define PragTyp_THREADS                       40
+#define PragTyp_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT            41
+#define PragTyp_WAL_CHECKPOINT                42
+#define PragTyp_LOCK_STATUS                   43
+#define PragTyp_STATS                         44
 
 /* Property flags associated with various pragma. */
 #define PragFlg_NeedSchema 0x01 /* Force schema load before running */
@@ -119159,58 +125691,61 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3 *db){
 ** result column is different from the name of the pragma
 */
 static const char *const pragCName[] = {
-  /*   0 */ "cache_size",  /* Used by: default_cache_size */
-  /*   1 */ "cid",         /* Used by: table_info */
-  /*   2 */ "name",       
-  /*   3 */ "type",       
-  /*   4 */ "notnull",    
-  /*   5 */ "dflt_value", 
-  /*   6 */ "pk",         
-  /*   7 */ "tbl",         /* Used by: stats */
-  /*   8 */ "idx",        
-  /*   9 */ "wdth",       
-  /*  10 */ "hght",       
-  /*  11 */ "flgs",       
-  /*  12 */ "seqno",       /* Used by: index_info */
-  /*  13 */ "cid",        
-  /*  14 */ "name",       
+  /*   0 */ "id",          /* Used by: foreign_key_list */
+  /*   1 */ "seq",
+  /*   2 */ "table",
+  /*   3 */ "from",
+  /*   4 */ "to",
+  /*   5 */ "on_update",
+  /*   6 */ "on_delete",
+  /*   7 */ "match",
+  /*   8 */ "cid",         /* Used by: table_xinfo */
+  /*   9 */ "name",
+  /*  10 */ "type",
+  /*  11 */ "notnull",
+  /*  12 */ "dflt_value",
+  /*  13 */ "pk",
+  /*  14 */ "hidden",
+                           /* table_info reuses 8 */
   /*  15 */ "seqno",       /* Used by: index_xinfo */
-  /*  16 */ "cid",        
-  /*  17 */ "name",       
-  /*  18 */ "desc",       
-  /*  19 */ "coll",       
-  /*  20 */ "key",        
-  /*  21 */ "seq",         /* Used by: index_list */
-  /*  22 */ "name",       
-  /*  23 */ "unique",     
-  /*  24 */ "origin",     
-  /*  25 */ "partial",    
-  /*  26 */ "seq",         /* Used by: database_list */
-  /*  27 */ "name",       
-  /*  28 */ "file",       
-  /*  29 */ "name",        /* Used by: function_list */
-  /*  30 */ "builtin",    
-  /*  31 */ "name",        /* Used by: module_list pragma_list */
-  /*  32 */ "seq",         /* Used by: collation_list */
-  /*  33 */ "name",       
-  /*  34 */ "id",          /* Used by: foreign_key_list */
-  /*  35 */ "seq",        
-  /*  36 */ "table",      
-  /*  37 */ "from",       
-  /*  38 */ "to",         
-  /*  39 */ "on_update",  
-  /*  40 */ "on_delete",  
-  /*  41 */ "match",      
-  /*  42 */ "table",       /* Used by: foreign_key_check */
-  /*  43 */ "rowid",      
-  /*  44 */ "parent",     
-  /*  45 */ "fkid",       
-  /*  46 */ "busy",        /* Used by: wal_checkpoint */
-  /*  47 */ "log",        
-  /*  48 */ "checkpointed",
-  /*  49 */ "timeout",     /* Used by: busy_timeout */
-  /*  50 */ "database",    /* Used by: lock_status */
-  /*  51 */ "status",     
+  /*  16 */ "cid",
+  /*  17 */ "name",
+  /*  18 */ "desc",
+  /*  19 */ "coll",
+  /*  20 */ "key",
+  /*  21 */ "name",        /* Used by: function_list */
+  /*  22 */ "builtin",
+  /*  23 */ "type",
+  /*  24 */ "enc",
+  /*  25 */ "narg",
+  /*  26 */ "flags",
+  /*  27 */ "tbl",         /* Used by: stats */
+  /*  28 */ "idx",
+  /*  29 */ "wdth",
+  /*  30 */ "hght",
+  /*  31 */ "flgs",
+  /*  32 */ "seq",         /* Used by: index_list */
+  /*  33 */ "name",
+  /*  34 */ "unique",
+  /*  35 */ "origin",
+  /*  36 */ "partial",
+  /*  37 */ "table",       /* Used by: foreign_key_check */
+  /*  38 */ "rowid",
+  /*  39 */ "parent",
+  /*  40 */ "fkid",
+                           /* index_info reuses 15 */
+  /*  41 */ "seq",         /* Used by: database_list */
+  /*  42 */ "name",
+  /*  43 */ "file",
+  /*  44 */ "busy",        /* Used by: wal_checkpoint */
+  /*  45 */ "log",
+  /*  46 */ "checkpointed",
+                           /* collation_list reuses 32 */
+  /*  47 */ "database",    /* Used by: lock_status */
+  /*  48 */ "status",
+  /*  49 */ "cache_size",  /* Used by: default_cache_size */
+                           /* module_list pragma_list reuses 9 */
+  /*  50 */ "timeout",     /* Used by: busy_timeout */
 };
 
 /* Definitions of all built-in pragmas */
@@ -119220,16 +125755,21 @@ typedef struct PragmaName {
   u8 mPragFlg;             /* Zero or more PragFlg_XXX values */
   u8 iPragCName;           /* Start of column names in pragCName[] */
   u8 nPragCName;           /* Num of col names. 0 means use pragma name */
-  u32 iArg;                /* Extra argument */
+  u64 iArg;                /* Extra argument */
 } PragmaName;
 static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
-#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD)
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD)
  {/* zName:     */ "activate_extensions",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_ACTIVATE_EXTENSIONS,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ 0,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
+ {/* zName:     */ "analysis_limit",
+  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_ANALYSIS_LIMIT,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
+  /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS)
  {/* zName:     */ "application_id",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_HEADER_VALUE,
@@ -119256,7 +125796,7 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
  {/* zName:     */ "busy_timeout",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_BUSY_TIMEOUT,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 49, 1,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 50, 1,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS)
  {/* zName:     */ "cache_size",
@@ -119272,11 +125812,13 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE_PRAGMA)
  {/* zName:     */ "case_sensitive_like",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NoColumns,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
+#endif
  {/* zName:     */ "cell_size_check",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_NoColumns1,
@@ -119328,14 +125870,14 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
  {/* zName:     */ "database_list",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_DATABASE_LIST,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 26, 3,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 41, 3,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED)
  {/* zName:     */ "default_cache_size",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_SchemaReq|PragFlg_NoColumns1,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 0, 1,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 49, 1,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
@@ -119364,15 +125906,15 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
  {/* zName:     */ "foreign_key_check",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECK,
-  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 42, 4,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_Result1|PragFlg_SchemaOpt,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 37, 4,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY)
  {/* zName:     */ "foreign_key_list",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FOREIGN_KEY_LIST,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result1|PragFlg_SchemaOpt,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 34, 8,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 0, 8,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
@@ -119404,26 +125946,19 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
   /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_FullFSync },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS)
-#if defined(SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS)
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS)
  {/* zName:     */ "function_list",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FUNCTION_LIST,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 29, 2,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 21, 6,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC)
- {/* zName:     */ "hexkey",
-  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_HEXKEY,
-  /* ePragFlg:  */ 0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
-  /* iArg:      */ 0 },
- {/* zName:     */ "hexrekey",
-  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_HEXKEY,
-  /* ePragFlg:  */ 0,
+ {/* zName:     */ "hard_heap_limit",
+  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_HARD_HEAP_LIMIT,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
-#endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK)
  {/* zName:     */ "ignore_check_constraints",
@@ -119444,12 +125979,12 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
  {/* zName:     */ "index_info",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_INDEX_INFO,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result1|PragFlg_SchemaOpt,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 12, 3,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 15, 3,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
  {/* zName:     */ "index_list",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_INDEX_LIST,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result1|PragFlg_SchemaOpt,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 21, 5,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 32, 5,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
  {/* zName:     */ "index_xinfo",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_INDEX_INFO,
@@ -119476,24 +126011,12 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC)
- {/* zName:     */ "key",
-  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_KEY,
-  /* ePragFlg:  */ 0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
-  /* iArg:      */ 0 },
-#endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
  {/* zName:     */ "legacy_alter_table",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_NoColumns1,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_LegacyAlter },
- {/* zName:     */ "legacy_file_format",
-  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
-  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_NoColumns1,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
-  /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
  {/* zName:     */ "lock_proxy_file",
@@ -119506,7 +126029,7 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
  {/* zName:     */ "lock_status",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_LOCK_STATUS,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 50, 2,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 47, 2,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS)
@@ -119528,11 +126051,11 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS)
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
-#if defined(SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS)
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS)
  {/* zName:     */ "module_list",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_MODULE_LIST,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 31, 1,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 9, 1,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #endif
@@ -119554,18 +126077,20 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PARSER_TRACE)
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
  {/* zName:     */ "parser_trace",
-  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_PARSER_TRACE,
-  /* ePragFlg:  */ 0,
+  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_NoColumns1,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
-  /* iArg:      */ 0 },
+  /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_ParserTrace },
+#endif
 #endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS)
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS)
  {/* zName:     */ "pragma_list",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_PRAGMA_LIST,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 31, 1,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 9, 1,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
@@ -119593,15 +126118,6 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_NoColumns1,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_RecTriggers },
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC)
- {/* zName:     */ "rekey",
-  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_REKEY,
-  /* ePragFlg:  */ 0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
-  /* iArg:      */ 0 },
-#endif
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
  {/* zName:     */ "reverse_unordered_selects",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_NoColumns1,
@@ -119652,7 +126168,7 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
  {/* zName:     */ "stats",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_STATS,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_SchemaReq,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 7, 5,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 27, 5,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS)
@@ -119666,8 +126182,13 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
  {/* zName:     */ "table_info",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_TABLE_INFO,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result1|PragFlg_SchemaOpt,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 1, 6,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 8, 6,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
+ {/* zName:     */ "table_xinfo",
+  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_TABLE_INFO,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result1|PragFlg_SchemaOpt,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 8, 7,
+  /* iArg:      */ 1 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS)
  {/* zName:     */ "temp_store",
@@ -119686,6 +126207,13 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
+ {/* zName:     */ "trusted_schema",
+  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_NoColumns1,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
+  /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_TrustedSchema },
+#endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS)
  {/* zName:     */ "user_version",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_HEADER_VALUE,
@@ -119731,7 +126259,7 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
  {/* zName:     */ "wal_checkpoint",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_WAL_CHECKPOINT,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 46, 3,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 44, 3,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
@@ -119739,17 +126267,17 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_NoColumns1,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
-  /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_WriteSchema },
+  /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_WriteSchema|SQLITE_NoSchemaError },
 #endif
 };
-/* Number of pragmas: 61 on by default, 78 total. */
+/* Number of pragmas: 67 on by default, 77 total. */
 
 /************** End of pragma.h **********************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in pragma.c *********************/
 
 /*
 ** Interpret the given string as a safety level.  Return 0 for OFF,
-** 1 for ON or NORMAL, 2 for FULL, and 3 for EXTRA.  Return 1 for an empty or 
+** 1 for ON or NORMAL, 2 for FULL, and 3 for EXTRA.  Return 1 for an empty or
 ** unrecognized string argument.  The FULL and EXTRA option is disallowed
 ** if the omitFull parameter it 1.
 **
@@ -119808,7 +126336,7 @@ static int getLockingMode(const char *z){
 /*
 ** Interpret the given string as an auto-vacuum mode value.
 **
-** The following strings, "none", "full" and "incremental" are 
+** The following strings, "none", "full" and "incremental" are
 ** acceptable, as are their numeric equivalents: 0, 1 and 2 respectively.
 */
 static int getAutoVacuum(const char *z){
@@ -119848,7 +126376,9 @@ static int getTempStore(const char *z){
 static int invalidateTempStorage(Parse *pParse){
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   if( db->aDb[1].pBt!=0 ){
-    if( !db->autoCommit || sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(db->aDb[1].pBt) ){
+    if( !db->autoCommit
+     || sqlite3BtreeTxnState(db->aDb[1].pBt)!=SQLITE_TXN_NONE
+    ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "temporary storage cannot be changed "
         "from within a transaction");
       return SQLITE_ERROR;
@@ -119960,7 +126490,7 @@ static const char *actionName(u8 action){
     case OE_SetDflt:  zName = "SET DEFAULT";     break;
     case OE_Cascade:  zName = "CASCADE";         break;
     case OE_Restrict: zName = "RESTRICT";        break;
-    default:          zName = "NO ACTION";  
+    default:          zName = "NO ACTION";
                       assert( action==OE_None ); break;
   }
   return zName;
@@ -120012,6 +126542,55 @@ static const PragmaName *pragmaLocate(const char *zName){
   return lwr>upr ? 0 : &aPragmaName[mid];
 }
 
+/*
+** Create zero or more entries in the output for the SQL functions
+** defined by FuncDef p.
+*/
+static void pragmaFunclistLine(
+  Vdbe *v,               /* The prepared statement being created */
+  FuncDef *p,            /* A particular function definition */
+  int isBuiltin,         /* True if this is a built-in function */
+  int showInternFuncs    /* True if showing internal functions */
+){
+  for(; p; p=p->pNext){
+    const char *zType;
+    static const u32 mask =
+        SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC |
+        SQLITE_DIRECTONLY |
+        SQLITE_SUBTYPE |
+        SQLITE_INNOCUOUS |
+        SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL
+    ;
+    static const char *azEnc[] = { 0, "utf8", "utf16le", "utf16be" };
+
+    assert( SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK==0x3 );
+    assert( strcmp(azEnc[SQLITE_UTF8],"utf8")==0 );
+    assert( strcmp(azEnc[SQLITE_UTF16LE],"utf16le")==0 );
+    assert( strcmp(azEnc[SQLITE_UTF16BE],"utf16be")==0 );
+
+    if( p->xSFunc==0 ) continue;
+    if( (p->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL)!=0
+     && showInternFuncs==0
+    ){
+      continue;
+    }
+    if( p->xValue!=0 ){
+      zType = "w";
+    }else if( p->xFinalize!=0 ){
+      zType = "a";
+    }else{
+      zType = "s";
+    }
+    sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "sissii",
+       p->zName, isBuiltin,
+       zType, azEnc[p->funcFlags&SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK],
+       p->nArg,
+       (p->funcFlags & mask) ^ SQLITE_INNOCUOUS
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+
 /*
 ** Helper subroutine for PRAGMA integrity_check:
 **
@@ -120029,7 +126608,7 @@ static int integrityCheckResultRow(Vdbe *v){
 }
 
 /*
-** Process a pragma statement.  
+** Process a pragma statement.
 **
 ** Pragmas are of this form:
 **
@@ -120044,7 +126623,7 @@ static int integrityCheckResultRow(Vdbe *v){
 ** id and pId2 is any empty string.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
-  Parse *pParse, 
+  Parse *pParse,
   Token *pId1,        /* First part of [schema.]id field */
   Token *pId2,        /* Second part of [schema.]id field, or NULL */
   Token *pValue,      /* Token for <value>, or NULL */
@@ -120072,8 +126651,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
   if( iDb<0 ) return;
   pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
 
-  /* If the temp database has been explicitly named as part of the 
-  ** pragma, make sure it is open. 
+  /* If the temp database has been explicitly named as part of the
+  ** pragma, make sure it is open.
   */
   if( iDb==1 && sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(pParse) ){
     return;
@@ -120141,7 +126720,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
   }
 
   /* Register the result column names for pragmas that return results */
-  if( (pPragma->mPragFlg & PragFlg_NoColumns)==0 
+  if( (pPragma->mPragFlg & PragFlg_NoColumns)==0
    && ((pPragma->mPragFlg & PragFlg_NoColumns1)==0 || zRight==0)
   ){
     setPragmaResultColumnNames(v, pPragma);
@@ -120149,7 +126728,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
 
   /* Jump to the appropriate pragma handler */
   switch( pPragma->ePragTyp ){
-  
+
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED)
   /*
   **  PRAGMA [schema.]default_cache_size
@@ -120223,7 +126802,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
       ** buffer that the pager module resizes using sqlite3_realloc().
       */
       db->nextPagesize = sqlite3Atoi(zRight);
-      if( SQLITE_NOMEM==sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pBt, db->nextPagesize,-1,0) ){
+      if( SQLITE_NOMEM==sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pBt, db->nextPagesize,0,0) ){
         sqlite3OomFault(db);
       }
     }
@@ -120265,7 +126844,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
   **  PRAGMA [schema.]max_page_count=N
   **
   ** The first form reports the current setting for the
-  ** maximum number of pages in the database file.  The 
+  ** maximum number of pages in the database file.  The
   ** second form attempts to change this setting.  Both
   ** forms return the current setting.
   **
@@ -120279,13 +126858,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
   */
   case PragTyp_PAGE_COUNT: {
     int iReg;
+    i64 x = 0;
     sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
     iReg = ++pParse->nMem;
     if( sqlite3Tolower(zLeft[0])=='p' ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Pagecount, iDb, iReg);
     }else{
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MaxPgcnt, iDb, iReg, 
-                        sqlite3AbsInt32(sqlite3Atoi(zRight)));
+      if( zRight && sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(zRight,&x)==0 ){
+        if( x<0 ) x = 0;
+        else if( x>0xfffffffe ) x = 0xfffffffe;
+      }else{
+        x = 0;
+      }
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MaxPgcnt, iDb, iReg, (int)x);
     }
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, iReg, 1);
     break;
@@ -120361,6 +126946,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
         ** then do a query */
         eMode = PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY;
       }
+      if( eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF && (db->flags & SQLITE_Defensive)!=0 ){
+        /* Do not allow journal-mode "OFF" in defensive since the database
+        ** can become corrupted using ordinary SQL when the journal is off */
+        eMode = PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY;
+      }
     }
     if( eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_QUERY && pId2->n==0 ){
       /* Convert "PRAGMA journal_mode" into "PRAGMA main.journal_mode" */
@@ -120421,7 +127011,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
       */
       rc = sqlite3BtreeSetAutoVacuum(pBt, eAuto);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK && (eAuto==1 || eAuto==2) ){
-        /* When setting the auto_vacuum mode to either "full" or 
+        /* When setting the auto_vacuum mode to either "full" or
         ** "incremental", write the value of meta[6] in the database
         ** file. Before writing to meta[6], check that meta[3] indicates
         ** that this really is an auto-vacuum capable database.
@@ -120523,7 +127113,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
     assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, iDb, 0) );
     if( !zRight ){
       returnSingleInt(v,
-         (db->flags & SQLITE_CacheSpill)==0 ? 0 : 
+         (db->flags & SQLITE_CacheSpill)==0 ? 0 :
             sqlite3BtreeSetSpillSize(pDb->pBt,0));
     }else{
       int size = 1;
@@ -120533,7 +127123,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
       if( sqlite3GetBoolean(zRight, size!=0) ){
         db->flags |= SQLITE_CacheSpill;
       }else{
-        db->flags &= ~SQLITE_CacheSpill;
+        db->flags &= ~(u64)SQLITE_CacheSpill;
       }
       setAllPagerFlags(db);
     }
@@ -120697,7 +127287,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
       Pager *pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pDb->pBt);
       char *proxy_file_path = NULL;
       sqlite3_file *pFile = sqlite3PagerFile(pPager);
-      sqlite3OsFileControlHint(pFile, SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE, 
+      sqlite3OsFileControlHint(pFile, SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE,
                            &proxy_file_path);
       returnSingleText(v, proxy_file_path);
     }else{
@@ -120705,10 +127295,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
       sqlite3_file *pFile = sqlite3PagerFile(pPager);
       int res;
       if( zRight[0] ){
-        res=sqlite3OsFileControl(pFile, SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE, 
+        res=sqlite3OsFileControl(pFile, SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE,
                                      zRight);
       } else {
-        res=sqlite3OsFileControl(pFile, SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE, 
+        res=sqlite3OsFileControl(pFile, SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE,
                                      NULL);
       }
       if( res!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -120718,8 +127308,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
     }
     break;
   }
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */      
-    
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */
+
   /*
   **   PRAGMA [schema.]synchronous
   **   PRAGMA [schema.]synchronous=OFF|ON|NORMAL|FULL|EXTRA
@@ -120734,7 +127324,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
       returnSingleInt(v, pDb->safety_level-1);
     }else{
       if( !db->autoCommit ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
+        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
             "Safety level may not be changed inside a transaction");
       }else if( iDb!=1 ){
         int iLevel = (getSafetyLevel(zRight,0,1)+1) & PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_MASK;
@@ -120754,7 +127344,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
       setPragmaResultColumnNames(v, pPragma);
       returnSingleInt(v, (db->flags & pPragma->iArg)!=0 );
     }else{
-      int mask = pPragma->iArg;    /* Mask of bits to set or clear. */
+      u64 mask = pPragma->iArg;    /* Mask of bits to set or clear. */
       if( db->autoCommit==0 ){
         /* Foreign key support may not be enabled or disabled while not
         ** in auto-commit mode.  */
@@ -120774,7 +127364,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
         if( mask==SQLITE_DeferFKs ) db->nDeferredImmCons = 0;
       }
 
-      /* Many of the flag-pragmas modify the code generated by the SQL 
+      /* Many of the flag-pragmas modify the code generated by the SQL
       ** compiler (eg. count_changes). So add an opcode to expire all
       ** compiled SQL statements after modifying a pragma value.
       */
@@ -120801,19 +127391,29 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
   */
   case PragTyp_TABLE_INFO: if( zRight ){
     Table *pTab;
+    sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(pParse, zDb);
     pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, LOCATE_NOERR, zRight, zDb);
     if( pTab ){
       int i, k;
       int nHidden = 0;
       Column *pCol;
       Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
-      pParse->nMem = 6;
-      sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
+      pParse->nMem = 7;
       sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab);
       for(i=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; i<pTab->nCol; i++, pCol++){
-        if( IsHiddenColumn(pCol) ){
-          nHidden++;
-          continue;
+        int isHidden = 0;
+        if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_NOINSERT ){
+          if( pPragma->iArg==0 ){
+            nHidden++;
+            continue;
+          }
+          if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL ){
+            isHidden = 2;  /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... VIRTUAL */
+          }else if( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED ){
+            isHidden = 3;  /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... STORED */
+          }else{ assert( pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN );
+            isHidden = 1;  /* HIDDEN */
+          }
         }
         if( (pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_PRIMKEY)==0 ){
           k = 0;
@@ -120822,14 +127422,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
         }else{
           for(k=1; k<=pTab->nCol && pPk->aiColumn[k-1]!=i; k++){}
         }
-        assert( pCol->pDflt==0 || pCol->pDflt->op==TK_SPAN );
-        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "issisi",
+        assert( pCol->pDflt==0 || pCol->pDflt->op==TK_SPAN || isHidden>=2 );
+        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, pPragma->iArg ? "issisii" : "issisi",
                i-nHidden,
                pCol->zName,
                sqlite3ColumnType(pCol,""),
                pCol->notNull ? 1 : 0,
-               pCol->pDflt ? pCol->pDflt->u.zToken : 0,
-               k);
+               pCol->pDflt && isHidden<2 ? pCol->pDflt->u.zToken : 0,
+               k,
+               isHidden);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -120866,7 +127467,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
     Index *pIdx;
     Table *pTab;
     pIdx = sqlite3FindIndex(db, zRight, zDb);
+    if( pIdx==0 ){
+      /* If there is no index named zRight, check to see if there is a
+      ** WITHOUT ROWID table named zRight, and if there is, show the
+      ** structure of the PRIMARY KEY index for that table. */
+      pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, LOCATE_NOERR, zRight, zDb);
+      if( pTab && !HasRowid(pTab) ){
+        pIdx = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
+      }
+    }
     if( pIdx ){
+      int iIdxDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pIdx->pSchema);
       int i;
       int mx;
       if( pPragma->iArg ){
@@ -120879,7 +127490,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
         pParse->nMem = 3;
       }
       pTab = pIdx->pTable;
-      sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
+      sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iIdxDb);
       assert( pParse->nMem<=pPragma->nPragCName );
       for(i=0; i<mx; i++){
         i16 cnum = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
@@ -120903,8 +127514,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
     int i;
     pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zRight, zDb);
     if( pTab ){
+      int iTabDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
       pParse->nMem = 5;
-      sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
+      sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iTabDb);
       for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex, i=0; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, i++){
         const char *azOrigin[] = { "c", "u", "pk" };
         sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "isisi",
@@ -120943,20 +127555,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
   }
   break;
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS
   case PragTyp_FUNCTION_LIST: {
     int i;
     HashElem *j;
     FuncDef *p;
-    pParse->nMem = 2;
+    int showInternFunc = (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_InternalFunc)!=0;
+    pParse->nMem = 6;
     for(i=0; i<SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ; i++){
       for(p=sqlite3BuiltinFunctions.a[i]; p; p=p->u.pHash ){
-        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "si", p->zName, 1);
+        pragmaFunclistLine(v, p, 1, showInternFunc);
       }
     }
     for(j=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aFunc); j; j=sqliteHashNext(j)){
       p = (FuncDef*)sqliteHashData(j);
-      sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "si", p->zName, 0);
+      pragmaFunclistLine(v, p, 0, showInternFunc);
     }
   }
   break;
@@ -120992,9 +127605,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
     if( pTab ){
       pFK = pTab->pFKey;
       if( pFK ){
-        int i = 0; 
+        int iTabDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
+        int i = 0;
         pParse->nMem = 8;
-        sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
+        sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iTabDb);
         while(pFK){
           int j;
           for(j=0; j<pFK->nCol; j++){
@@ -121039,7 +127653,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
     pParse->nMem += 4;
     regKey = ++pParse->nMem;
     regRow = ++pParse->nMem;
-    sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
     k = sqliteHashFirst(&db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->tblHash);
     while( k ){
       if( zRight ){
@@ -121050,6 +127663,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
         k = sqliteHashNext(k);
       }
       if( pTab==0 || pTab->pFKey==0 ) continue;
+      iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
+      zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
+      sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
       sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTab->tnum, 0, pTab->zName);
       if( pTab->nCol+regRow>pParse->nMem ) pParse->nMem = pTab->nCol + regRow;
       sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, 0, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
@@ -121082,13 +127698,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
         aiCols = 0;
         if( pParent ){
           x = sqlite3FkLocateIndex(pParse, pParent, pFK, &pIdx, &aiCols);
-          assert( x==0 );
+          assert( x==0 || db->mallocFailed );
         }
-        addrOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+        addrOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
 
         /* Generate code to read the child key values into registers
-        ** regRow..regRow+n. If any of the child key values are NULL, this 
-        ** row cannot cause an FK violation. Jump directly to addrOk in 
+        ** regRow..regRow+n. If any of the child key values are NULL, this
+        ** row cannot cause an FK violation. Jump directly to addrOk in
         ** this case. */
         for(j=0; j<pFK->nCol; j++){
           int iCol = aiCols ? aiCols[j] : pFK->aCol[j].iFrom;
@@ -121107,7 +127723,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
           int jmp = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2;
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SeekRowid, i, jmp, regRow); VdbeCoverage(v);
           sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, addrOk);
-          assert( pFK->nCol==1 );
+          assert( pFK->nCol==1 || db->mallocFailed );
         }
 
         /* Generate code to report an FK violation to the caller. */
@@ -121129,19 +127745,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER) */
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) */
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  case PragTyp_PARSER_TRACE: {
-    if( zRight ){
-      if( sqlite3GetBoolean(zRight, 0) ){
-        sqlite3ParserTrace(stdout, "parser: ");
-      }else{
-        sqlite3ParserTrace(0, 0);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  break;
-#endif
-
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE_PRAGMA
   /* Reinstall the LIKE and GLOB functions.  The variant of LIKE
   ** used will be case sensitive or not depending on the RHS.
   */
@@ -121151,6 +127755,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
     }
   }
   break;
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE_PRAGMA */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX
 # define SQLITE_INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX 100
@@ -121164,13 +127769,26 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
   **
   ** Verify the integrity of the database.
   **
-  ** The "quick_check" is reduced version of 
+  ** The "quick_check" is reduced version of
   ** integrity_check designed to detect most database corruption
   ** without the overhead of cross-checking indexes.  Quick_check
   ** is linear time wherease integrity_check is O(NlogN).
+  **
+  ** The maximum nubmer of errors is 100 by default.  A different default
+  ** can be specified using a numeric parameter N.
+  **
+  ** Or, the parameter N can be the name of a table.  In that case, only
+  ** the one table named is verified.  The freelist is only verified if
+  ** the named table is "sqlite_schema" (or one of its aliases).
+  **
+  ** All schemas are checked by default.  To check just a single
+  ** schema, use the form:
+  **
+  **      PRAGMA schema.integrity_check;
   */
   case PragTyp_INTEGRITY_CHECK: {
     int i, j, addr, mxErr;
+    Table *pObjTab = 0;     /* Check only this one table, if not NULL */
 
     int isQuick = (sqlite3Tolower(zLeft[0])=='q');
 
@@ -121193,9 +127811,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
     /* Set the maximum error count */
     mxErr = SQLITE_INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX;
     if( zRight ){
-      sqlite3GetInt32(zRight, &mxErr);
-      if( mxErr<=0 ){
-        mxErr = SQLITE_INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX;
+      if( sqlite3GetInt32(zRight, &mxErr) ){
+        if( mxErr<=0 ){
+          mxErr = SQLITE_INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX;
+        }
+      }else{
+        pObjTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, zRight,
+                      iDb>=0 ? db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName : 0);
       }
     }
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, mxErr-1, 1); /* reg[1] holds errors left */
@@ -121224,15 +127846,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
         Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);  /* Current table */
         Index *pIdx;                      /* An index on pTab */
         int nIdx;                         /* Number of indexes on pTab */
+        if( pObjTab && pObjTab!=pTab ) continue;
         if( HasRowid(pTab) ) cnt++;
         for(nIdx=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, nIdx++){ cnt++; }
         if( nIdx>mxIdx ) mxIdx = nIdx;
       }
+      if( cnt==0 ) continue;
+      if( pObjTab ) cnt++;
       aRoot = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(int)*(cnt+1));
       if( aRoot==0 ) break;
-      for(cnt=0, x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
+      cnt = 0;
+      if( pObjTab ) aRoot[++cnt] = 0;
+      for(x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
         Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);
         Index *pIdx;
+        if( pObjTab && pObjTab!=pTab ) continue;
         if( HasRowid(pTab) ) aRoot[++cnt] = pTab->tnum;
         for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
           aRoot[++cnt] = pIdx->tnum;
@@ -121266,11 +127894,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
         int r1 = -1;
 
         if( pTab->tnum<1 ) continue;  /* Skip VIEWs or VIRTUAL TABLEs */
+        if( pObjTab && pObjTab!=pTab ) continue;
         pPk = HasRowid(pTab) ? 0 : sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
         sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, OP_OpenRead, 0,
                                    1, 0, &iDataCur, &iIdxCur);
         /* reg[7] counts the number of entries in the table.
-        ** reg[8+i] counts the number of entries in the i-th index 
+        ** reg[8+i] counts the number of entries in the i-th index
         */
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, 7);
         for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
@@ -121282,7 +127911,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
         loopTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, 7, 1);
         if( !isQuick ){
           /* Sanity check on record header decoding */
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iDataCur, pTab->nCol-1, 3);
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iDataCur, pTab->nNVCol-1,3);
           sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG);
         }
         /* Verify that all NOT NULL columns really are NOT NULL */
@@ -121292,7 +127921,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
           if( j==pTab->iPKey ) continue;
           if( pTab->aCol[j].notNull==0 ) continue;
           sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur, j, 3);
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG);
+          if( sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v,-1)->opcode==OP_Column ){
+            sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG);
+          }
           jmp2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, 3); VdbeCoverage(v);
           zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "NULL value in %s.%s", pTab->zName,
                               pTab->aCol[j].zName);
@@ -121304,15 +127935,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
         if( pTab->pCheck && (db->flags & SQLITE_IgnoreChecks)==0 ){
           ExprList *pCheck = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pTab->pCheck, 0);
           if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
-            int addrCkFault = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-            int addrCkOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+            int addrCkFault = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+            int addrCkOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
             char *zErr;
             int k;
             pParse->iSelfTab = iDataCur + 1;
             for(k=pCheck->nExpr-1; k>0; k--){
               sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pCheck->a[k].pExpr, addrCkFault, 0);
             }
-            sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pCheck->a[0].pExpr, addrCkOk, 
+            sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pCheck->a[0].pExpr, addrCkOk,
                 SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
             sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrCkFault);
             pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
@@ -121328,7 +127959,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
           /* Validate index entries for the current row */
           for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
             int jmp2, jmp3, jmp4, jmp5;
-            int ckUniq = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+            int ckUniq = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
             if( pPk==pIdx ) continue;
             r1 = sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(pParse, pIdx, iDataCur, 0, 0, &jmp3,
                                          pPrior, r1);
@@ -121349,7 +127980,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
             ** current key.  The entry is unique if (1) any column is NULL
             ** or (2) the next entry has a different key */
             if( IsUniqueIndex(pIdx) ){
-              int uniqOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+              int uniqOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
               int jmp6;
               int kk;
               for(kk=0; kk<pIdx->nKeyCol; kk++){
@@ -121374,7 +128005,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
         }
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iDataCur, loopTop); VdbeCoverage(v);
         sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, loopTop-1);
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
         if( !isQuick ){
           sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 2, "wrong # of entries in index ");
           for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
@@ -121388,8 +128018,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
             sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
           }
         }
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT */
-      } 
+      }
     }
     {
       static const int iLn = VDBE_OFFSET_LINENO(2);
@@ -121431,7 +128060,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
   ** encoding that will be used for the main database file if a new file
   ** is created. If an existing main database file is opened, then the
   ** default text encoding for the existing database is used.
-  ** 
+  **
   ** In all cases new databases created using the ATTACH command are
   ** created to use the same default text encoding as the main database. If
   ** the main database has not been initialized and/or created when ATTACH
@@ -121469,14 +128098,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
       ** will be overwritten when the schema is next loaded. If it does not
       ** already exists, it will be created to use the new encoding value.
       */
-      if( 
-        !(DbHasProperty(db, 0, DB_SchemaLoaded)) || 
-        DbHasProperty(db, 0, DB_Empty) 
-      ){
+      if( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_EncodingFixed)==0 ){
         for(pEnc=&encnames[0]; pEnc->zName; pEnc++){
           if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp(zRight, pEnc->zName) ){
-            SCHEMA_ENC(db) = ENC(db) =
-                pEnc->enc ? pEnc->enc : SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
+            u8 enc = pEnc->enc ? pEnc->enc : SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
+            SCHEMA_ENC(db) = enc;
+            sqlite3SetTextEncoding(db, enc);
             break;
           }
         }
@@ -121539,6 +128166,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
       aOp[1].p1 = iDb;
       aOp[1].p2 = iCookie;
       aOp[1].p3 = sqlite3Atoi(zRight);
+      aOp[1].p5 = 1;
     }else{
       /* Read the specified cookie value */
       static const VdbeOpList readCookie[] = {
@@ -121615,8 +128243,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
     if( zRight ){
       sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(db, sqlite3Atoi(zRight));
     }
-    returnSingleInt(v, 
-       db->xWalCallback==sqlite3WalDefaultHook ? 
+    returnSingleInt(v,
+       db->xWalCallback==sqlite3WalDefaultHook ?
            SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(db->pWalArg) : 0);
   }
   break;
@@ -121656,7 +128284,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
   **    0x0002    Run ANALYZE on tables that might benefit.  On by default.
   **              See below for additional information.
   **
-  **    0x0004    (Not yet implemented) Record usage and performance 
+  **    0x0004    (Not yet implemented) Record usage and performance
   **              information from the current session in the
   **              database file so that it will be available to "optimize"
   **              pragmas run by future database connections.
@@ -121667,7 +128295,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
   ** The default MASK is and always shall be 0xfffe.  0xfffe means perform all
   ** of the optimizations listed above except Debug Mode, including new
   ** optimizations that have not yet been invented.  If new optimizations are
-  ** ever added that should be off by default, those off-by-default 
+  ** ever added that should be off by default, those off-by-default
   ** optimizations will have bitmasks of 0x10000 or larger.
   **
   ** DETERMINATION OF WHEN TO RUN ANALYZE
@@ -121728,7 +128356,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
         }
         if( szThreshold ){
           sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iTabCur, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfSmaller, iTabCur, 
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfSmaller, iTabCur,
                          sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2+(opMask&1), szThreshold);
           VdbeCoverage(v);
         }
@@ -121785,6 +128413,27 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
     break;
   }
 
+  /*
+  **   PRAGMA hard_heap_limit
+  **   PRAGMA hard_heap_limit = N
+  **
+  ** Invoke sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() to query or set the hard heap
+  ** limit.  The hard heap limit can be activated or lowered by this
+  ** pragma, but not raised or deactivated.  Only the
+  ** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() C-language API can raise or deactivate
+  ** the hard heap limit.  This allows an application to set a heap limit
+  ** constraint that cannot be relaxed by an untrusted SQL script.
+  */
+  case PragTyp_HARD_HEAP_LIMIT: {
+    sqlite3_int64 N;
+    if( zRight && sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(zRight, &N)==SQLITE_OK ){
+      sqlite3_int64 iPrior = sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(-1);
+      if( N>0 && (iPrior==0 || iPrior>N) ) sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N);
+    }
+    returnSingleInt(v, sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(-1));
+    break;
+  }
+
   /*
   **   PRAGMA threads
   **   PRAGMA threads = N
@@ -121804,6 +128453,25 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
     break;
   }
 
+  /*
+  **   PRAGMA analysis_limit
+  **   PRAGMA analysis_limit = N
+  **
+  ** Configure the maximum number of rows that ANALYZE will examine
+  ** in each index that it looks at.  Return the new limit.
+  */
+  case PragTyp_ANALYSIS_LIMIT: {
+    sqlite3_int64 N;
+    if( zRight
+     && sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(zRight, &N)==SQLITE_OK
+     && N>=0
+    ){
+      db->nAnalysisLimit = (int)(N&0x7fffffff);
+    }
+    returnSingleInt(v, db->nAnalysisLimit);
+    break;
+  }
+
 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
   /*
   ** Report the current state of file logs for all databases
@@ -121822,7 +128490,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
       pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
       if( pBt==0 || sqlite3BtreePager(pBt)==0 ){
         zState = "closed";
-      }else if( sqlite3_file_control(db, i ? db->aDb[i].zDbSName : 0, 
+      }else if( sqlite3_file_control(db, i ? db->aDb[i].zDbSName : 0,
                                      SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE, &j)==SQLITE_OK ){
          zState = azLockName[j];
       }
@@ -121832,45 +128500,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
   }
 #endif
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  case PragTyp_KEY: {
-    if( zRight ) sqlite3_key_v2(db, zDb, zRight, sqlite3Strlen30(zRight));
-    break;
-  }
-  case PragTyp_REKEY: {
-    if( zRight ) sqlite3_rekey_v2(db, zDb, zRight, sqlite3Strlen30(zRight));
-    break;
-  }
-  case PragTyp_HEXKEY: {
-    if( zRight ){
-      u8 iByte;
-      int i;
-      char zKey[40];
-      for(i=0, iByte=0; i<sizeof(zKey)*2 && sqlite3Isxdigit(zRight[i]); i++){
-        iByte = (iByte<<4) + sqlite3HexToInt(zRight[i]);
-        if( (i&1)!=0 ) zKey[i/2] = iByte;
-      }
-      if( (zLeft[3] & 0xf)==0xb ){
-        sqlite3_key_v2(db, zDb, zKey, i/2);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3_rekey_v2(db, zDb, zKey, i/2);
-      }
-    }
-    break;
-  }
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD)
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD)
   case PragTyp_ACTIVATE_EXTENSIONS: if( zRight ){
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-    if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zRight, "see-", 4)==0 ){
-      sqlite3_activate_see(&zRight[4]);
-    }
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
     if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zRight, "cerod-", 6)==0 ){
       sqlite3_activate_cerod(&zRight[6]);
     }
-#endif
   }
   break;
 #endif
@@ -121880,7 +128514,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
   /* The following block is a no-op unless SQLITE_DEBUG is defined. Its only
   ** purpose is to execute assert() statements to verify that if the
   ** PragFlg_NoColumns1 flag is set and the caller specified an argument
-  ** to the PRAGMA, the implementation has not added any OP_ResultRow 
+  ** to the PRAGMA, the implementation has not added any OP_ResultRow
   ** instructions to the VM.  */
   if( (pPragma->mPragFlg & PragFlg_NoColumns1) && zRight ){
     sqlite3VdbeVerifyNoResultRow(v);
@@ -121911,7 +128545,7 @@ struct PragmaVtabCursor {
   char *azArg[2];           /* Value of the argument and schema */
 };
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Pragma virtual table module xConnect method.
 */
 static int pragmaVtabConnect(
@@ -121973,7 +128607,7 @@ static int pragmaVtabConnect(
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Pragma virtual table module xDisconnect method.
 */
 static int pragmaVtabDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
@@ -122071,11 +128705,11 @@ static int pragmaVtabNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor){
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Pragma virtual table module xFilter method.
 */
 static int pragmaVtabFilter(
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, 
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor,
   int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
   int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
@@ -122130,11 +128764,11 @@ static int pragmaVtabEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor){
 }
 
 /* The xColumn method simply returns the corresponding column from
-** the PRAGMA.  
+** the PRAGMA.
 */
 static int pragmaVtabColumn(
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, 
-  sqlite3_context *ctx, 
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor,
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,
   int i
 ){
   PragmaVtabCursor *pCsr = (PragmaVtabCursor*)pVtabCursor;
@@ -122147,7 +128781,7 @@ static int pragmaVtabColumn(
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Pragma virtual table module xRowid method.
 */
 static int pragmaVtabRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, sqlite_int64 *p){
@@ -122180,7 +128814,8 @@ static const sqlite3_module pragmaVtabModule = {
   0,                           /* xRename - rename the table */
   0,                           /* xSavepoint */
   0,                           /* xRelease */
-  0                            /* xRollbackTo */
+  0,                           /* xRollbackTo */
+  0                            /* xShadowName */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -122250,6 +128885,31 @@ static void corruptSchema(
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** Check to see if any sibling index (another index on the same table)
+** of pIndex has the same root page number, and if it does, return true.
+** This would indicate a corrupt schema.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(Index *pIndex){
+  Index *p;
+  for(p=pIndex->pTable->pIndex; p; p=p->pNext){
+    if( p->tnum==pIndex->tnum && p!=pIndex ) return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* forward declaration */
+static int sqlite3Prepare(
+  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
+  const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
+  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
+  u32 prepFlags,            /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
+  Vdbe *pReprepare,         /* VM being reprepared */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
+  const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
+);
+
+
 /*
 ** This is the callback routine for the code that initializes the
 ** database.  See sqlite3Init() below for additional information.
@@ -122257,9 +128917,11 @@ static void corruptSchema(
 **
 ** Each callback contains the following information:
 **
-**     argv[0] = name of thing being created
-**     argv[1] = root page number for table or index. 0 for trigger or view.
-**     argv[2] = SQL text for the CREATE statement.
+**     argv[0] = type of object: "table", "index", "trigger", or "view".
+**     argv[1] = name of thing being created
+**     argv[2] = associated table if an index or trigger
+**     argv[3] = root page number for table or index. 0 for trigger or view.
+**     argv[4] = SQL text for the CREATE statement.
 **
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InitCallback(void *pInit, int argc, char **argv, char **NotUsed){
@@ -122267,20 +128929,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InitCallback(void *pInit, int argc, char **argv, char
   sqlite3 *db = pData->db;
   int iDb = pData->iDb;
 
-  assert( argc==3 );
+  assert( argc==5 );
   UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, argc);
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  DbClearProperty(db, iDb, DB_Empty);
+  db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_EncodingFixed;
+  pData->nInitRow++;
   if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    corruptSchema(pData, argv[0], 0);
+    corruptSchema(pData, argv[1], 0);
     return 1;
   }
 
   assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
   if( argv==0 ) return 0;   /* Might happen if EMPTY_RESULT_CALLBACKS are on */
-  if( argv[1]==0 ){
-    corruptSchema(pData, argv[0], 0);
-  }else if( sqlite3_strnicmp(argv[2],"create ",7)==0 ){
+  if( argv[3]==0 ){
+    corruptSchema(pData, argv[1], 0);
+  }else if( sqlite3_strnicmp(argv[4],"create ",7)==0 ){
     /* Call the parser to process a CREATE TABLE, INDEX or VIEW.
     ** But because db->init.busy is set to 1, no VDBE code is generated
     ** or executed.  All the parser does is build the internal data
@@ -122293,9 +128956,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InitCallback(void *pInit, int argc, char **argv, char
 
     assert( db->init.busy );
     db->init.iDb = iDb;
-    db->init.newTnum = sqlite3Atoi(argv[1]);
+    if( sqlite3GetUInt32(argv[3], &db->init.newTnum)==0
+     || (db->init.newTnum>pData->mxPage && pData->mxPage>0)
+    ){
+      if( sqlite3Config.bExtraSchemaChecks ){
+        corruptSchema(pData, argv[1], "invalid rootpage");
+      }
+    }
     db->init.orphanTrigger = 0;
-    TESTONLY(rcp = ) sqlite3_prepare(db, argv[2], -1, &pStmt, 0);
+    db->init.azInit = argv;
+    pStmt = 0;
+    TESTONLY(rcp = ) sqlite3Prepare(db, argv[4], -1, 0, 0, &pStmt, 0);
     rc = db->errCode;
     assert( (rc&0xFF)==(rcp&0xFF) );
     db->init.iDb = saved_iDb;
@@ -122304,17 +128975,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InitCallback(void *pInit, int argc, char **argv, char
       if( db->init.orphanTrigger ){
         assert( iDb==1 );
       }else{
-        pData->rc = rc;
+        if( rc > pData->rc ) pData->rc = rc;
         if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
           sqlite3OomFault(db);
         }else if( rc!=SQLITE_INTERRUPT && (rc&0xFF)!=SQLITE_LOCKED ){
-          corruptSchema(pData, argv[0], sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+          corruptSchema(pData, argv[1], sqlite3_errmsg(db));
         }
       }
     }
     sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-  }else if( argv[0]==0 || (argv[2]!=0 && argv[2][0]!=0) ){
-    corruptSchema(pData, argv[0], 0);
+  }else if( argv[1]==0 || (argv[4]!=0 && argv[4][0]!=0) ){
+    corruptSchema(pData, argv[1], 0);
   }else{
     /* If the SQL column is blank it means this is an index that
     ** was created to be the PRIMARY KEY or to fulfill a UNIQUE
@@ -122323,16 +128994,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InitCallback(void *pInit, int argc, char **argv, char
     ** to do here is record the root page number for that index.
     */
     Index *pIndex;
-    pIndex = sqlite3FindIndex(db, argv[0], db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName);
+    pIndex = sqlite3FindIndex(db, argv[1], db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName);
     if( pIndex==0 ){
-      /* This can occur if there exists an index on a TEMP table which
-      ** has the same name as another index on a permanent index.  Since
-      ** the permanent table is hidden by the TEMP table, we can also
-      ** safely ignore the index on the permanent table.
-      */
-      /* Do Nothing */;
-    }else if( sqlite3GetInt32(argv[1], &pIndex->tnum)==0 ){
-      corruptSchema(pData, argv[0], "invalid rootpage");
+      corruptSchema(pData, argv[1], "orphan index");
+    }else
+    if( sqlite3GetUInt32(argv[3],&pIndex->tnum)==0
+     || pIndex->tnum<2
+     || pIndex->tnum>pData->mxPage
+     || sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(pIndex)
+    ){
+      if( sqlite3Config.bExtraSchemaChecks ){
+        corruptSchema(pData, argv[1], "invalid rootpage");
+      }
     }
   }
   return 0;
@@ -122353,11 +129026,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, char **pzErrMsg, u32 mFl
   int size;
 #endif
   Db *pDb;
-  char const *azArg[4];
+  char const *azArg[6];
   int meta[5];
   InitData initData;
-  const char *zMasterName;
+  const char *zSchemaTabName;
   int openedTransaction = 0;
+  int mask = ((db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_EncodingFixed) | ~DBFLAG_EncodingFixed);
 
   assert( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk)==0 );
   assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
@@ -122367,22 +129041,27 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, char **pzErrMsg, u32 mFl
 
   db->init.busy = 1;
 
-  /* Construct the in-memory representation schema tables (sqlite_master or
-  ** sqlite_temp_master) by invoking the parser directly.  The appropriate
+  /* Construct the in-memory representation schema tables (sqlite_schema or
+  ** sqlite_temp_schema) by invoking the parser directly.  The appropriate
   ** table name will be inserted automatically by the parser so we can just
   ** use the abbreviation "x" here.  The parser will also automatically tag
   ** the schema table as read-only. */
-  azArg[0] = zMasterName = SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb);
-  azArg[1] = "1";
-  azArg[2] = "CREATE TABLE x(type text,name text,tbl_name text,"
+  azArg[0] = "table";
+  azArg[1] = zSchemaTabName = SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb);
+  azArg[2] = azArg[1];
+  azArg[3] = "1";
+  azArg[4] = "CREATE TABLE x(type text,name text,tbl_name text,"
                             "rootpage int,sql text)";
-  azArg[3] = 0;
+  azArg[5] = 0;
   initData.db = db;
   initData.iDb = iDb;
   initData.rc = SQLITE_OK;
   initData.pzErrMsg = pzErrMsg;
   initData.mInitFlags = mFlags;
-  sqlite3InitCallback(&initData, 3, (char **)azArg, 0);
+  initData.nInitRow = 0;
+  initData.mxPage = 0;
+  sqlite3InitCallback(&initData, 5, (char **)azArg, 0);
+  db->mDbFlags &= mask;
   if( initData.rc ){
     rc = initData.rc;
     goto error_out;
@@ -122399,10 +129078,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, char **pzErrMsg, u32 mFl
   }
 
   /* If there is not already a read-only (or read-write) transaction opened
-  ** on the b-tree database, open one now. If a transaction is opened, it 
+  ** on the b-tree database, open one now. If a transaction is opened, it
   ** will be closed before this function returns.  */
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(pDb->pBt);
-  if( !sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(pDb->pBt) ){
+  if( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pDb->pBt)==SQLITE_TXN_NONE ){
     rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pDb->pBt, 0, 0);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, sqlite3ErrStr(rc));
@@ -122442,27 +129121,25 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, char **pzErrMsg, u32 mFl
   ** as sqlite3.enc.
   */
   if( meta[BTREE_TEXT_ENCODING-1] ){  /* text encoding */
-    if( iDb==0 ){
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
+    if( iDb==0 && (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_EncodingFixed)==0 ){
       u8 encoding;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
       /* If opening the main database, set ENC(db). */
       encoding = (u8)meta[BTREE_TEXT_ENCODING-1] & 3;
       if( encoding==0 ) encoding = SQLITE_UTF8;
-      ENC(db) = encoding;
 #else
-      ENC(db) = SQLITE_UTF8;
+      encoding = SQLITE_UTF8;
 #endif
+      sqlite3SetTextEncoding(db, encoding);
     }else{
       /* If opening an attached database, the encoding much match ENC(db) */
-      if( meta[BTREE_TEXT_ENCODING-1]!=ENC(db) ){
+      if( (meta[BTREE_TEXT_ENCODING-1] & 3)!=ENC(db) ){
         sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "attached databases must use the same"
             " text encoding as main database");
         rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
         goto initone_error_out;
       }
     }
-  }else{
-    DbSetProperty(db, iDb, DB_Empty);
   }
   pDb->pSchema->enc = ENC(db);
 
@@ -122499,17 +129176,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, char **pzErrMsg, u32 mFl
   ** indices that the user might have created.
   */
   if( iDb==0 && meta[BTREE_FILE_FORMAT-1]>=4 ){
-    db->flags &= ~SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt;
+    db->flags &= ~(u64)SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt;
   }
 
   /* Read the schema information out of the schema tables
   */
   assert( db->init.busy );
+  initData.mxPage = sqlite3BtreeLastPage(pDb->pBt);
   {
     char *zSql;
-    zSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db, 
-        "SELECT name, rootpage, sql FROM \"%w\".%s ORDER BY rowid",
-        db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, zMasterName);
+    zSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db,
+        "SELECT*FROM\"%w\".%s ORDER BY rowid",
+        db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, zSchemaTabName);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
     {
       sqlite3_xauth xAuth;
@@ -122533,13 +129211,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, char **pzErrMsg, u32 mFl
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
     sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(db);
   }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK || (db->flags&SQLITE_WriteSchema)){
-    /* Black magic: If the SQLITE_WriteSchema flag is set, then consider
-    ** the schema loaded, even if errors occurred. In this situation the 
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK || (db->flags&SQLITE_NoSchemaError)){
+    /* Black magic: If the SQLITE_NoSchemaError flag is set, then consider
+    ** the schema loaded, even if errors occurred. In this situation the
     ** current sqlite3_prepare() operation will fail, but the following one
     ** will attempt to compile the supplied statement against whatever subset
     ** of the schema was loaded before the error occurred. The primary
-    ** purpose of this is to allow access to the sqlite_master table
+    ** purpose of this is to allow access to the sqlite_schema table
     ** even when its contents have been corrupted.
     */
     DbSetProperty(db, iDb, DB_SchemaLoaded);
@@ -122574,13 +129252,12 @@ error_out:
 ** error occurs, write an error message into *pzErrMsg.
 **
 ** After a database is initialized, the DB_SchemaLoaded bit is set
-** bit is set in the flags field of the Db structure. If the database
-** file was of zero-length, then the DB_Empty flag is also set.
+** bit is set in the flags field of the Db structure.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Init(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErrMsg){
   int i, rc;
   int commit_internal = !(db->mDbFlags&DBFLAG_SchemaChange);
-  
+
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(db->aDb[0].pBt) );
   assert( db->init.busy==0 );
@@ -122645,9 +129322,9 @@ static void schemaIsValid(Parse *pParse){
     if( pBt==0 ) continue;
 
     /* If there is not already a read-only (or read-write) transaction opened
-    ** on the b-tree database, open one now. If a transaction is opened, it 
+    ** on the b-tree database, open one now. If a transaction is opened, it
     ** will be closed immediately after reading the meta-value. */
-    if( !sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(pBt) ){
+    if( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt)==SQLITE_TXN_NONE ){
       rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pBt, 0, 0);
       if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
         sqlite3OomFault(db);
@@ -122656,7 +129333,7 @@ static void schemaIsValid(Parse *pParse){
       openedTransaction = 1;
     }
 
-    /* Read the schema cookie from the database. If it does not match the 
+    /* Read the schema cookie from the database. If it does not match the
     ** value stored as part of the in-memory schema representation,
     ** set Parse.rc to SQLITE_SCHEMA. */
     sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(pBt, BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION, (u32 *)&cookie);
@@ -122681,17 +129358,18 @@ static void schemaIsValid(Parse *pParse){
 ** attached database is returned.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *pSchema){
-  int i = -1000000;
+  int i = -32768;
 
-  /* If pSchema is NULL, then return -1000000. This happens when code in 
+  /* If pSchema is NULL, then return -32768. This happens when code in
   ** expr.c is trying to resolve a reference to a transient table (i.e. one
-  ** created by a sub-select). In this case the return value of this 
+  ** created by a sub-select). In this case the return value of this
   ** function should never be used.
   **
-  ** We return -1000000 instead of the more usual -1 simply because using
-  ** -1000000 as the incorrect index into db->aDb[] is much 
+  ** We return -32768 instead of the more usual -1 simply because using
+  ** -32768 as the incorrect index into db->aDb[] is much
   ** more likely to cause a segfault than -1 (of course there are assert()
-  ** statements too, but it never hurts to play the odds).
+  ** statements too, but it never hurts to play the odds) and
+  ** -32768 will still fit into a 16-bit signed integer.
   */
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
   if( pSchema ){
@@ -122706,16 +129384,32 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *pSchema){
   return i;
 }
 
+/*
+** Deallocate a single AggInfo object
+*/
+static void agginfoFree(sqlite3 *db, AggInfo *p){
+  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aCol);
+  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aFunc);
+  sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
+}
+
 /*
 ** Free all memory allocations in the pParse object
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse *pParse){
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  AggInfo *pThis = pParse->pAggList;
+  while( pThis ){
+    AggInfo *pNext = pThis->pNext;
+    agginfoFree(db, pThis);
+    pThis = pNext;
+  }
   sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->aLabel);
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pParse->pConstExpr);
   if( db ){
     assert( db->lookaside.bDisable >= pParse->disableLookaside );
     db->lookaside.bDisable -= pParse->disableLookaside;
+    db->lookaside.sz = db->lookaside.bDisable ? 0 : db->lookaside.szTrue;
   }
   pParse->disableLookaside = 0;
 }
@@ -122749,8 +129443,9 @@ static int sqlite3Prepare(
   */
   if( prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT ){
     sParse.disableLookaside++;
-    db->lookaside.bDisable++;
+    DisableLookaside;
   }
+  sParse.disableVtab = (prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB)!=0;
 
   /* Check to verify that it is possible to get a read lock on all
   ** database schemas.  The inability to get a read lock indicates that
@@ -122767,24 +129462,26 @@ static int sqlite3Prepare(
   ** This thread is currently holding mutexes on all Btrees (because
   ** of the sqlite3BtreeEnterAll() in sqlite3LockAndPrepare()) so it
   ** is not possible for another thread to start a new schema change
-  ** while this routine is running.  Hence, we do not need to hold 
-  ** locks on the schema, we just need to make sure nobody else is 
+  ** while this routine is running.  Hence, we do not need to hold
+  ** locks on the schema, we just need to make sure nobody else is
   ** holding them.
   **
   ** Note that setting READ_UNCOMMITTED overrides most lock detection,
   ** but it does *not* override schema lock detection, so this all still
   ** works even if READ_UNCOMMITTED is set.
   */
-  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++) {
-    Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-    if( pBt ){
-      assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(pBt) );
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeSchemaLocked(pBt);
-      if( rc ){
-        const char *zDb = db->aDb[i].zDbSName;
-        sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, rc, "database schema is locked: %s", zDb);
-        testcase( db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommit );
-        goto end_prepare;
+  if( !db->noSharedCache ){
+    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++) {
+      Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
+      if( pBt ){
+        assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(pBt) );
+        rc = sqlite3BtreeSchemaLocked(pBt);
+        if( rc ){
+          const char *zDb = db->aDb[i].zDbSName;
+          sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, rc, "database schema is locked: %s", zDb);
+          testcase( db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommit );
+          goto end_prepare;
+        }
       }
     }
   }
@@ -122815,46 +129512,25 @@ static int sqlite3Prepare(
   }
   assert( 0==sParse.nQueryLoop );
 
-  if( sParse.rc==SQLITE_DONE ) sParse.rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( sParse.rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+    sParse.rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  }
   if( sParse.checkSchema ){
     schemaIsValid(&sParse);
   }
-  if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    sParse.rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-  }
   if( pzTail ){
     *pzTail = sParse.zTail;
   }
-  rc = sParse.rc;
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && sParse.pVdbe && sParse.explain ){
-    static const char * const azColName[] = {
-       "addr", "opcode", "p1", "p2", "p3", "p4", "p5", "comment",
-       "id", "parent", "notused", "detail"
-    };
-    int iFirst, mx;
-    if( sParse.explain==2 ){
-      sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(sParse.pVdbe, 4);
-      iFirst = 8;
-      mx = 12;
-    }else{
-      sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(sParse.pVdbe, 8);
-      iFirst = 0;
-      mx = 8;
-    }
-    for(i=iFirst; i<mx; i++){
-      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(sParse.pVdbe, i-iFirst, COLNAME_NAME,
-                            azColName[i], SQLITE_STATIC);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
 
   if( db->init.busy==0 ){
     sqlite3VdbeSetSql(sParse.pVdbe, zSql, (int)(sParse.zTail-zSql), prepFlags);
   }
-  if( sParse.pVdbe && (rc!=SQLITE_OK || db->mallocFailed) ){
-    sqlite3VdbeFinalize(sParse.pVdbe);
+  if( db->mallocFailed ){
+    sParse.rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+  }
+  rc = sParse.rc;
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( sParse.pVdbe ) sqlite3VdbeFinalize(sParse.pVdbe);
     assert(!(*ppStmt));
   }else{
     *ppStmt = (sqlite3_stmt*)sParse.pVdbe;
@@ -122911,16 +129587,18 @@ static int sqlite3LockAndPrepare(
   sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
   rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
   assert( (rc&db->errMask)==rc );
+  db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return rc;
 }
 
+
 /*
 ** Rerun the compilation of a statement after a schema change.
 **
 ** If the statement is successfully recompiled, return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise,
 ** if the statement cannot be recompiled because another connection has
-** locked the sqlite3_master table, return SQLITE_LOCKED. If any other error
+** locked the sqlite3_schema table, return SQLITE_LOCKED. If any other error
 ** occurs, return SQLITE_SCHEMA.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe *p){
@@ -123021,7 +129699,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
 ** Compile the UTF-16 encoded SQL statement zSql into a statement handle.
 */
 static int sqlite3Prepare16(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */ 
+  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
   const void *zSql,         /* UTF-16 encoded SQL statement. */
   int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
   u32 prepFlags,            /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
@@ -123064,7 +129742,7 @@ static int sqlite3Prepare16(
     int chars_parsed = sqlite3Utf8CharLen(zSql8, (int)(zTail8-zSql8));
     *pzTail = (u8 *)zSql + sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(zSql, chars_parsed);
   }
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql8); 
+  sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql8);
   rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return rc;
@@ -123079,7 +129757,7 @@ static int sqlite3Prepare16(
 ** occurs.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */ 
+  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
   const void *zSql,         /* UTF-16 encoded SQL statement. */
   int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
@@ -123091,7 +129769,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
   return rc;
 }
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */ 
+  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
   const void *zSql,         /* UTF-16 encoded SQL statement. */
   int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
@@ -123103,7 +129781,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
   return rc;
 }
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
-  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */ 
+  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
   const void *zSql,         /* UTF-16 encoded SQL statement. */
   int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
   unsigned int prepFlags,   /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
@@ -123138,20 +129816,6 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
 */
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 
-/*
-** Trace output macros
-*/
-#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
-/***/ int sqlite3SelectTrace = 0;
-# define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)  \
-  if(sqlite3SelectTrace&(K))   \
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("%u/%d/%p: ",(S)->selId,(P)->addrExplain,(S)),\
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf X
-#else
-# define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)
-#endif
-
-
 /*
 ** An instance of the following object is used to record information about
 ** how to process the DISTINCT keyword, to simplify passing that information
@@ -123208,7 +129872,10 @@ struct SortCtx {
 
 /*
 ** Delete all the content of a Select structure.  Deallocate the structure
-** itself only if bFree is true.
+** itself depending on the value of bFree
+**
+** If bFree==1, call sqlite3DbFree() on the p object.
+** If bFree==0, Leave the first Select object unfreed
 */
 static void clearSelect(sqlite3 *db, Select *p, int bFree){
   while( p ){
@@ -123238,6 +129905,7 @@ static void clearSelect(sqlite3 *db, Select *p, int bFree){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest *pDest, int eDest, int iParm){
   pDest->eDest = (u8)eDest;
   pDest->iSDParm = iParm;
+  pDest->iSDParm2 = 0;
   pDest->zAffSdst = 0;
   pDest->iSdst = 0;
   pDest->nSdst = 0;
@@ -123259,9 +129927,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectNew(
   u32 selFlags,         /* Flag parameters, such as SF_Distinct */
   Expr *pLimit          /* LIMIT value.  NULL means not used */
 ){
-  Select *pNew;
+  Select *pNew, *pAllocated;
   Select standin;
-  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(pParse->db, sizeof(*pNew) );
+  pAllocated = pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(pParse->db, sizeof(*pNew) );
   if( pNew==0 ){
     assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
     pNew = &standin;
@@ -123295,12 +129963,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectNew(
 #endif
   if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) {
     clearSelect(pParse->db, pNew, pNew!=&standin);
-    pNew = 0;
+    pAllocated = 0;
   }else{
     assert( pNew->pSrc!=0 || pParse->nErr>0 );
   }
-  assert( pNew!=&standin );
-  return pNew;
+  return pAllocated;
 }
 
 
@@ -123362,7 +130029,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3JoinType(Parse *pParse, Token *pA, Token *pB, Token *p
   for(i=0; i<3 && apAll[i]; i++){
     p = apAll[i];
     for(j=0; j<ArraySize(aKeyword); j++){
-      if( p->n==aKeyword[j].nChar 
+      if( p->n==aKeyword[j].nChar
           && sqlite3StrNICmp((char*)p->z, &zKeyText[aKeyword[j].i], p->n)==0 ){
         jointype |= aKeyword[j].code;
         break;
@@ -123384,9 +130051,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3JoinType(Parse *pParse, Token *pA, Token *pB, Token *p
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown or unsupported join type: "
        "%T %T%s%T", pA, pB, zSp, pC);
     jointype = JT_INNER;
-  }else if( (jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0 
+  }else if( (jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0
          && (jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_RIGHT))!=JT_LEFT ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
       "RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOINs are not currently supported");
     jointype = JT_INNER;
   }
@@ -123399,15 +130066,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3JoinType(Parse *pParse, Token *pA, Token *pB, Token *p
 */
 static int columnIndex(Table *pTab, const char *zCol){
   int i;
-  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-    if( sqlite3StrICmp(pTab->aCol[i].zName, zCol)==0 ) return i;
+  u8 h = sqlite3StrIHash(zCol);
+  Column *pCol;
+  for(pCol=pTab->aCol, i=0; i<pTab->nCol; pCol++, i++){
+    if( pCol->hName==h && sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zCol)==0 ) return i;
   }
   return -1;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Search the first N tables in pSrc, from left to right, looking for a
-** table that has a column named zCol.  
+** table that has a column named zCol.
 **
 ** When found, set *piTab and *piCol to the table index and column index
 ** of the matching column and return TRUE.
@@ -123419,7 +130088,8 @@ static int tableAndColumnIndex(
   int N,               /* Number of tables in pSrc->a[] to search */
   const char *zCol,    /* Name of the column we are looking for */
   int *piTab,          /* Write index of pSrc->a[] here */
-  int *piCol           /* Write index of pSrc->a[*piTab].pTab->aCol[] here */
+  int *piCol,          /* Write index of pSrc->a[*piTab].pTab->aCol[] here */
+  int bIgnoreHidden    /* True to ignore hidden columns */
 ){
   int i;               /* For looping over tables in pSrc */
   int iCol;            /* Index of column matching zCol */
@@ -123427,7 +130097,9 @@ static int tableAndColumnIndex(
   assert( (piTab==0)==(piCol==0) );  /* Both or neither are NULL */
   for(i=0; i<N; i++){
     iCol = columnIndex(pSrc->a[i].pTab, zCol);
-    if( iCol>=0 ){
+    if( iCol>=0
+     && (bIgnoreHidden==0 || IsHiddenColumn(&pSrc->a[i].pTab->aCol[iCol])==0)
+    ){
       if( piTab ){
         *piTab = i;
         *piCol = iCol;
@@ -123445,7 +130117,7 @@ static int tableAndColumnIndex(
 **
 **    (tab1.col1 = tab2.col2)
 **
-** where tab1 is the iSrc'th table in SrcList pSrc and tab2 is the 
+** where tab1 is the iSrc'th table in SrcList pSrc and tab2 is the
 ** (iSrc+1)'th. Column col1 is column iColLeft of tab1, and col2 is
 ** column iColRight of tab2.
 */
@@ -123479,7 +130151,7 @@ static void addWhereTerm(
     ExprSetVVAProperty(pEq, EP_NoReduce);
     pEq->iRightJoinTable = (i16)pE2->iTable;
   }
-  *ppWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, *ppWhere, pEq);
+  *ppWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, *ppWhere, pEq);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -123508,7 +130180,7 @@ static void addWhereTerm(
 ** after the t1 loop and rows with t1.x!=5 will never appear in
 ** the output, which is incorrect.
 */
-static void setJoinExpr(Expr *p, int iTable){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetJoinExpr(Expr *p, int iTable){
   while( p ){
     ExprSetProperty(p, EP_FromJoin);
     assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
@@ -123517,15 +130189,15 @@ static void setJoinExpr(Expr *p, int iTable){
     if( p->op==TK_FUNCTION && p->x.pList ){
       int i;
       for(i=0; i<p->x.pList->nExpr; i++){
-        setJoinExpr(p->x.pList->a[i].pExpr, iTable);
+        sqlite3SetJoinExpr(p->x.pList->a[i].pExpr, iTable);
       }
     }
-    setJoinExpr(p->pLeft, iTable);
+    sqlite3SetJoinExpr(p->pLeft, iTable);
     p = p->pRight;
-  } 
+  }
 }
 
-/* Undo the work of setJoinExpr().  In the expression tree p, convert every
+/* Undo the work of sqlite3SetJoinExpr(). In the expression p, convert every
 ** term that is marked with EP_FromJoin and iRightJoinTable==iTable into
 ** an ordinary term that omits the EP_FromJoin mark.
 **
@@ -123545,7 +130217,7 @@ static void unsetJoinExpr(Expr *p, int iTable){
     }
     unsetJoinExpr(p->pLeft, iTable);
     p = p->pRight;
-  } 
+  }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -123592,10 +130264,11 @@ static int sqliteProcessJoin(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
         int iLeft;     /* Matching left table */
         int iLeftCol;  /* Matching column in the left table */
 
+        if( IsHiddenColumn(&pRightTab->aCol[j]) ) continue;
         zName = pRightTab->aCol[j].zName;
-        if( tableAndColumnIndex(pSrc, i+1, zName, &iLeft, &iLeftCol) ){
+        if( tableAndColumnIndex(pSrc, i+1, zName, &iLeft, &iLeftCol, 1) ){
           addWhereTerm(pParse, pSrc, iLeft, iLeftCol, i+1, j,
-                       isOuter, &p->pWhere);
+                isOuter, &p->pWhere);
         }
       }
     }
@@ -123612,13 +130285,13 @@ static int sqliteProcessJoin(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
     ** an AND operator.
     */
     if( pRight->pOn ){
-      if( isOuter ) setJoinExpr(pRight->pOn, pRight->iCursor);
-      p->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse->db, p->pWhere, pRight->pOn);
+      if( isOuter ) sqlite3SetJoinExpr(pRight->pOn, pRight->iCursor);
+      p->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, p->pWhere, pRight->pOn);
       pRight->pOn = 0;
     }
 
     /* Create extra terms on the WHERE clause for each column named
-    ** in the USING clause.  Example: If the two tables to be joined are 
+    ** in the USING clause.  Example: If the two tables to be joined are
     ** A and B and the USING clause names X, Y, and Z, then add this
     ** to the WHERE clause:    A.X=B.X AND A.Y=B.Y AND A.Z=B.Z
     ** Report an error if any column mentioned in the USING clause is
@@ -123635,7 +130308,7 @@ static int sqliteProcessJoin(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
         zName = pList->a[j].zName;
         iRightCol = columnIndex(pRightTab, zName);
         if( iRightCol<0
-         || !tableAndColumnIndex(pSrc, i+1, zName, &iLeft, &iLeftCol)
+         || !tableAndColumnIndex(pSrc, i+1, zName, &iLeft, &iLeftCol, 0)
         ){
           sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot join using column %s - column "
             "not present in both tables", zName);
@@ -123739,7 +130412,7 @@ static void pushOntoSorter(
   **       case regData==regOrigData.
   **   (3) Some output columns are omitted from the sort record due to
   **       the SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCE optimization, or due to the
-  **       SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF optimization, or due to the 
+  **       SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF optimization, or due to the
   **       SortCtx.pDeferredRowLoad optimiation.  In any of these cases
   **       regOrigData is 0 to prevent this routine from trying to copy
   **       values that might not yet exist.
@@ -123755,7 +130428,7 @@ static void pushOntoSorter(
   }
   assert( pSelect->iOffset==0 || pSelect->iLimit!=0 );
   iLimit = pSelect->iOffset ? pSelect->iOffset+1 : pSelect->iLimit;
-  pSort->labelDone = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+  pSort->labelDone = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
   sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pSort->pOrderBy, regBase, regOrigData,
                           SQLITE_ECEL_DUP | (regOrigData? SQLITE_ECEL_REF : 0));
   if( bSeq ){
@@ -123777,7 +130450,7 @@ static void pushOntoSorter(
     pParse->nMem += pSort->nOBSat;
     nKey = nExpr - pSort->nOBSat + bSeq;
     if( bSeq ){
-      addrFirst = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNot, regBase+nExpr); 
+      addrFirst = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNot, regBase+nExpr);
     }else{
       addrFirst = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SequenceTest, pSort->iECursor);
     }
@@ -123787,14 +130460,15 @@ static void pushOntoSorter(
     if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return;
     pOp->p2 = nKey + nData;
     pKI = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
-    memset(pKI->aSortOrder, 0, pKI->nKeyField); /* Makes OP_Jump testable */
+    memset(pKI->aSortFlags, 0, pKI->nKeyField); /* Makes OP_Jump testable */
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char*)pKI, P4_KEYINFO);
     testcase( pKI->nAllField > pKI->nKeyField+2 );
     pOp->p4.pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(pParse,pSort->pOrderBy,nOBSat,
                                            pKI->nAllField-pKI->nKeyField-1);
+    pOp = 0; /* Ensure pOp not used after sqltie3VdbeAddOp3() */
     addrJmp = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, addrJmp+1, 0, addrJmp+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
-    pSort->labelBkOut = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+    pSort->labelBkOut = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
     pSort->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pSort->regReturn, pSort->labelBkOut);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_ResetSorter, pSort->iECursor);
@@ -123810,10 +130484,10 @@ static void pushOntoSorter(
     /* At this point the values for the new sorter entry are stored
     ** in an array of registers. They need to be composed into a record
     ** and inserted into the sorter if either (a) there are currently
-    ** less than LIMIT+OFFSET items or (b) the new record is smaller than 
+    ** less than LIMIT+OFFSET items or (b) the new record is smaller than
     ** the largest record currently in the sorter. If (b) is true and there
     ** are already LIMIT+OFFSET items in the sorter, delete the largest
-    ** entry before inserting the new one. This way there are never more 
+    ** entry before inserting the new one. This way there are never more
     ** than LIMIT+OFFSET items in the sorter.
     **
     ** If the new record does not need to be inserted into the sorter,
@@ -123892,8 +130566,8 @@ static void codeDistinct(
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
 /*
 ** This function is called as part of inner-loop generation for a SELECT
-** statement with an ORDER BY that is not optimized by an index. It 
-** determines the expressions, if any, that the sorter-reference 
+** statement with an ORDER BY that is not optimized by an index. It
+** determines the expressions, if any, that the sorter-reference
 ** optimization should be used for. The sorter-reference optimization
 ** is used for SELECT queries like:
 **
@@ -123903,11 +130577,11 @@ static void codeDistinct(
 ** storing values read from that column in the sorter records, the PK of
 ** the row from table t1 is stored instead. Then, as records are extracted from
 ** the sorter to return to the user, the required value of bigblob is
-** retrieved directly from table t1. If the values are very large, this 
+** retrieved directly from table t1. If the values are very large, this
 ** can be more efficient than storing them directly in the sorter records.
 **
-** The ExprList_item.bSorterRef flag is set for each expression in pEList 
-** for which the sorter-reference optimization should be enabled. 
+** The ExprList_item.bSorterRef flag is set for each expression in pEList
+** for which the sorter-reference optimization should be enabled.
 ** Additionally, the pSort->aDefer[] array is populated with entries
 ** for all cursors required to evaluate all selected expressions. Finally.
 ** output variable (*ppExtra) is set to an expression list containing
@@ -123927,7 +130601,7 @@ static void selectExprDefer(
     struct ExprList_item *pItem = &pEList->a[i];
     if( pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol==0 ){
       Expr *pExpr = pItem->pExpr;
-      Table *pTab = pExpr->pTab;
+      Table *pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
       if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && pExpr->iColumn>=0 && pTab && !IsVirtual(pTab)
        && (pTab->aCol[pExpr->iColumn].colFlags & COLFLAG_SORTERREF)
       ){
@@ -123950,12 +130624,12 @@ static void selectExprDefer(
               Expr *pNew = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0);
               if( pNew ){
                 pNew->iTable = pExpr->iTable;
-                pNew->pTab = pExpr->pTab;
+                pNew->y.pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
                 pNew->iColumn = pPk ? pPk->aiColumn[k] : -1;
                 pExtra = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pExtra, pNew);
               }
             }
-            pSort->aDefer[nDefer].pTab = pExpr->pTab;
+            pSort->aDefer[nDefer].pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
             pSort->aDefer[nDefer].iCsr = pExpr->iTable;
             pSort->aDefer[nDefer].nKey = nKey;
             nDefer++;
@@ -123976,7 +130650,7 @@ static void selectExprDefer(
 **
 ** If srcTab is negative, then the p->pEList expressions
 ** are evaluated in order to get the data for this row.  If srcTab is
-** zero or more, then data is pulled from srcTab and p->pEList is used only 
+** zero or more, then data is pulled from srcTab and p->pEList is used only
 ** to get the number of columns and the collation sequence for each column.
 */
 static void selectInnerLoop(
@@ -124040,7 +130714,7 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
   if( srcTab>=0 ){
     for(i=0; i<nResultCol; i++){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, i, regResult+i);
-      VdbeComment((v, "%s", p->pEList->a[i].zName));
+      VdbeComment((v, "%s", p->pEList->a[i].zEName));
     }
   }else if( eDest!=SRT_Exists ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
@@ -124058,8 +130732,8 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
     }
     if( pSort && hasDistinct==0 && eDest!=SRT_EphemTab && eDest!=SRT_Table ){
       /* For each expression in p->pEList that is a copy of an expression in
-      ** the ORDER BY clause (pSort->pOrderBy), set the associated 
-      ** iOrderByCol value to one more than the index of the ORDER BY 
+      ** the ORDER BY clause (pSort->pOrderBy), set the associated
+      ** iOrderByCol value to one more than the index of the ORDER BY
       ** expression within the sort-key that pushOntoSorter() will generate.
       ** This allows the p->pEList field to be omitted from the sorted record,
       ** saving space and CPU cycles.  */
@@ -124075,7 +130749,7 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
       selectExprDefer(pParse, pSort, p->pEList, &pExtra);
       if( pExtra && pParse->db->mallocFailed==0 ){
         /* If there are any extra PK columns to add to the sorter records,
-        ** allocate extra memory cells and adjust the OpenEphemeral 
+        ** allocate extra memory cells and adjust the OpenEphemeral
         ** instruction to account for the larger records. This is only
         ** required if there are one or more WITHOUT ROWID tables with
         ** composite primary keys in the SortCtx.aDefer[] array.  */
@@ -124105,8 +130779,9 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
       testcase( eDest==SRT_Mem );
       testcase( eDest==SRT_Coroutine );
       testcase( eDest==SRT_Output );
-      assert( eDest==SRT_Set || eDest==SRT_Mem 
-           || eDest==SRT_Coroutine || eDest==SRT_Output );
+      assert( eDest==SRT_Set || eDest==SRT_Mem
+           || eDest==SRT_Coroutine || eDest==SRT_Output
+           || eDest==SRT_Upfrom );
     }
     sRowLoadInfo.regResult = regResult;
     sRowLoadInfo.ecelFlags = ecelFlags;
@@ -124116,7 +130791,7 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
     if( pExtra ) nResultCol += pExtra->nExpr;
 #endif
     if( p->iLimit
-     && (ecelFlags & SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF)!=0 
+     && (ecelFlags & SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF)!=0
      && nPrefixReg>0
     ){
       assert( pSort!=0 );
@@ -124154,6 +130829,7 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
         pOp->opcode = OP_Null;
         pOp->p1 = 1;
         pOp->p2 = regPrev;
+        pOp = 0;  /* Ensure pOp is not used after sqlite3VdbeAddOp() */
 
         iJump = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + nResultCol;
         for(i=0; i<nResultCol; i++){
@@ -124254,6 +130930,30 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
       break;
     }
 
+    case SRT_Upfrom: {
+      if( pSort ){
+        pushOntoSorter(
+            pParse, pSort, p, regResult, regOrig, nResultCol, nPrefixReg);
+      }else{
+        int i2 = pDest->iSDParm2;
+        int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+
+        /* If the UPDATE FROM join is an aggregate that matches no rows, it
+        ** might still be trying to return one row, because that is what
+        ** aggregates do.  Don't record that empty row in the output table. */
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regResult, iBreak); VdbeCoverage(v);
+
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord,
+                          regResult+(i2<0), nResultCol-(i2<0), r1);
+        if( i2<0 ){
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iParm, r1, regResult);
+        }else{
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, r1, regResult, i2);
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
     /* If we are creating a set for an "expr IN (SELECT ...)" construct,
     ** then there should be a single item on the stack.  Write this
@@ -124270,7 +130970,7 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
       }else{
         int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
         assert( sqlite3Strlen30(pDest->zAffSdst)==nResultCol );
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, nResultCol, 
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, nResultCol,
             r1, pDest->zAffSdst, nResultCol);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, r1, regResult, nResultCol);
         sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
@@ -124278,6 +130978,7 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
       break;
     }
 
+
     /* If any row exist in the result set, record that fact and abort.
     */
     case SRT_Exists: {
@@ -124287,7 +130988,7 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
     }
 
     /* If this is a scalar select that is part of an expression, then
-    ** store the results in the appropriate memory cell or array of 
+    ** store the results in the appropriate memory cell or array of
     ** memory cells and break out of the scan loop.
     */
     case SRT_Mem: {
@@ -124342,7 +131043,7 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
         /* If the destination is DistQueue, then cursor (iParm+1) is open
         ** on a second ephemeral index that holds all values every previously
         ** added to the queue. */
-        addrTest = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iParm+1, 0, 
+        addrTest = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iParm+1, 0,
                                         regResult, nResultCol);
         VdbeCoverage(v);
       }
@@ -124398,7 +131099,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3 *db, int N, int X){
   int nExtra = (N+X)*(sizeof(CollSeq*)+1) - sizeof(CollSeq*);
   KeyInfo *p = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(KeyInfo) + nExtra);
   if( p ){
-    p->aSortOrder = (u8*)&p->aColl[N+X];
+    p->aSortFlags = (u8*)&p->aColl[N+X];
     p->nKeyField = (u16)N;
     p->nAllField = (u16)(N+X);
     p->enc = ENC(db);
@@ -124475,7 +131176,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(
     assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pInfo) );
     for(i=iStart, pItem=pList->a+iStart; i<nExpr; i++, pItem++){
       pInfo->aColl[i-iStart] = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pParse, pItem->pExpr);
-      pInfo->aSortOrder[i-iStart] = pItem->sortOrder;
+      pInfo->aSortFlags[i-iStart] = pItem->sortFlags;
     }
   }
   return pInfo;
@@ -124541,7 +131242,7 @@ static void generateSortTail(
 ){
   Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;                     /* The prepared statement */
   int addrBreak = pSort->labelDone;            /* Jump here to exit loop */
-  int addrContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);  /* Jump here for next cycle */
+  int addrContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);/* Jump here for next cycle */
   int addr;                       /* Top of output loop. Jump for Next. */
   int addrOnce = 0;
   int iTab;
@@ -124581,7 +131282,12 @@ static void generateSortTail(
     regRow = pDest->iSdst;
   }else{
     regRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-    regRow = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nColumn);
+    if( eDest==SRT_EphemTab || eDest==SRT_Table ){
+      regRow = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+      nColumn = 0;
+    }else{
+      regRow = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nColumn);
+    }
   }
   nKey = pOrderBy->nExpr - pSort->nOBSat;
   if( pSort->sortFlags & SORTFLAG_UseSorter ){
@@ -124590,7 +131296,7 @@ static void generateSortTail(
     if( pSort->labelBkOut ){
       addrOnce = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);
     }
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, iSortTab, regSortOut, 
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, iSortTab, regSortOut,
         nKey+1+nColumn+nRefKey);
     if( addrOnce ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
     addr = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterSort, iTab, addrBreak);
@@ -124623,7 +131329,7 @@ static void generateSortTail(
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, iCsr);
       if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iSortTab, iKey++, regKey);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SeekRowid, iCsr, 
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SeekRowid, iCsr,
             sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1, regKey);
       }else{
         int k;
@@ -124655,12 +131361,13 @@ static void generateSortTail(
         iRead = iCol--;
       }
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iSortTab, iRead, regRow+i);
-      VdbeComment((v, "%s", aOutEx[i].zName?aOutEx[i].zName : aOutEx[i].zSpan));
+      VdbeComment((v, "%s", aOutEx[i].zEName));
     }
   }
   switch( eDest ){
     case SRT_Table:
     case SRT_EphemTab: {
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iSortTab, nKey+bSeq, regRow);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iParm, regRowid);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iParm, regRow, regRowid);
       sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
@@ -124679,8 +131386,19 @@ static void generateSortTail(
       break;
     }
 #endif
+    case SRT_Upfrom: {
+      int i2 = pDest->iSDParm2;
+      int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord,regRow+(i2<0),nColumn-(i2<0),r1);
+      if( i2<0 ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iParm, r1, regRow);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, r1, regRow, i2);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
     default: {
-      assert( eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ); 
+      assert( eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine );
       testcase( eDest==SRT_Output );
       testcase( eDest==SRT_Coroutine );
       if( eDest==SRT_Output ){
@@ -124722,14 +131440,14 @@ static void generateSortTail(
 ** original CREATE TABLE statement if the expression is a column. The
 ** declaration type for a ROWID field is INTEGER. Exactly when an expression
 ** is considered a column can be complex in the presence of subqueries. The
-** result-set expression in all of the following SELECT statements is 
+** result-set expression in all of the following SELECT statements is
 ** considered a column by this function.
 **
 **   SELECT col FROM tbl;
 **   SELECT (SELECT col FROM tbl;
 **   SELECT (SELECT col FROM tbl);
 **   SELECT abc FROM (SELECT col AS abc FROM tbl);
-** 
+**
 ** The declaration type for any expression other than a column is NULL.
 **
 ** This routine has either 3 or 6 parameters depending on whether or not
@@ -124741,7 +131459,7 @@ static void generateSortTail(
 # define columnType(A,B,C,D,E) columnTypeImpl(A,B)
 #endif
 static const char *columnTypeImpl(
-  NameContext *pNC, 
+  NameContext *pNC,
 #ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
   Expr *pExpr
 #else
@@ -124761,8 +131479,6 @@ static const char *columnTypeImpl(
 
   assert( pExpr!=0 );
   assert( pNC->pSrcList!=0 );
-  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN );  /* This routine runes before aggregates
-                                       ** are processed */
   switch( pExpr->op ){
     case TK_COLUMN: {
       /* The expression is a column. Locate the table the column is being
@@ -124786,25 +131502,25 @@ static const char *columnTypeImpl(
       if( pTab==0 ){
         /* At one time, code such as "SELECT new.x" within a trigger would
         ** cause this condition to run.  Since then, we have restructured how
-        ** trigger code is generated and so this condition is no longer 
+        ** trigger code is generated and so this condition is no longer
         ** possible. However, it can still be true for statements like
         ** the following:
         **
         **   CREATE TABLE t1(col INTEGER);
         **   SELECT (SELECT t1.col) FROM FROM t1;
         **
-        ** when columnType() is called on the expression "t1.col" in the 
+        ** when columnType() is called on the expression "t1.col" in the
         ** sub-select. In this case, set the column type to NULL, even
         ** though it should really be "INTEGER".
         **
         ** This is not a problem, as the column type of "t1.col" is never
-        ** used. When columnType() is called on the expression 
+        ** used. When columnType() is called on the expression
         ** "(SELECT t1.col)", the correct type is returned (see the TK_SELECT
         ** branch below.  */
         break;
       }
 
-      assert( pTab && pExpr->pTab==pTab );
+      assert( pTab && pExpr->y.pTab==pTab );
       if( pS ){
         /* The "table" is actually a sub-select or a view in the FROM clause
         ** of the SELECT statement. Return the declaration type and origin
@@ -124812,7 +131528,7 @@ static const char *columnTypeImpl(
         */
         if( iCol>=0 && iCol<pS->pEList->nExpr ){
           /* If iCol is less than zero, then the expression requests the
-          ** rowid of the sub-select or view. This expression is legal (see 
+          ** rowid of the sub-select or view. This expression is legal (see
           ** test case misc2.2.2) - it always evaluates to NULL.
           */
           NameContext sNC;
@@ -124820,7 +131536,7 @@ static const char *columnTypeImpl(
           sNC.pSrcList = pS->pSrc;
           sNC.pNext = pNC;
           sNC.pParse = pNC->pParse;
-          zType = columnType(&sNC, p,&zOrigDb,&zOrigTab,&zOrigCol); 
+          zType = columnType(&sNC, p,&zOrigDb,&zOrigTab,&zOrigCol);
         }
       }else{
         /* A real table or a CTE table */
@@ -124864,13 +131580,13 @@ static const char *columnTypeImpl(
       sNC.pSrcList = pS->pSrc;
       sNC.pNext = pNC;
       sNC.pParse = pNC->pParse;
-      zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOrigDb, &zOrigTab, &zOrigCol); 
+      zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOrigDb, &zOrigTab, &zOrigCol);
       break;
     }
 #endif
   }
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA  
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
   if( pzOrigDb ){
     assert( pzOrigTab && pzOrigCol );
     *pzOrigDb = zOrigDb;
@@ -124906,7 +131622,7 @@ static void generateColumnTypes(
     const char *zOrigCol = 0;
     zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOrigDb, &zOrigTab, &zOrigCol);
 
-    /* The vdbe must make its own copy of the column-type and other 
+    /* The vdbe must make its own copy of the column-type and other
     ** column specific strings, in case the schema is reset before this
     ** virtual machine is deleted.
     */
@@ -124989,15 +131705,15 @@ static void generateColumnNames(
 
     assert( p!=0 );
     assert( p->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN );  /* Agg processing has not run yet */
-    assert( p->op!=TK_COLUMN || p->pTab!=0 ); /* Covering idx not yet coded */
-    if( pEList->a[i].zName ){
+    assert( p->op!=TK_COLUMN || p->y.pTab!=0 ); /* Covering idx not yet coded */
+    if( pEList->a[i].zEName && pEList->a[i].eEName==ENAME_NAME ){
       /* An AS clause always takes first priority */
-      char *zName = pEList->a[i].zName;
+      char *zName = pEList->a[i].zEName;
       sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, zName, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
     }else if( srcName && p->op==TK_COLUMN ){
       char *zCol;
       int iCol = p->iColumn;
-      pTab = p->pTab;
+      pTab = p->y.pTab;
       assert( pTab!=0 );
       if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
       assert( iCol==-1 || (iCol>=0 && iCol<pTab->nCol) );
@@ -125014,7 +131730,7 @@ static void generateColumnNames(
         sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, zCol, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
       }
     }else{
-      const char *z = pEList->a[i].zSpan;
+      const char *z = pEList->a[i].zEName;
       z = z==0 ? sqlite3MPrintf(db, "column%d", i+1) : sqlite3DbStrDup(db, z);
       sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, z, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
     }
@@ -125058,6 +131774,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(
   char *zName;                /* Column name */
   int nName;                  /* Size of name in zName[] */
   Hash ht;                    /* Hash table of column names */
+  Table *pTab;
 
   sqlite3HashInit(&ht);
   if( pEList ){
@@ -125076,20 +131793,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(
   for(i=0, pCol=aCol; i<nCol && !db->mallocFailed; i++, pCol++){
     /* Get an appropriate name for the column
     */
-    if( (zName = pEList->a[i].zName)!=0 ){
+    if( (zName = pEList->a[i].zEName)!=0 && pEList->a[i].eEName==ENAME_NAME ){
       /* If the column contains an "AS <name>" phrase, use <name> as the name */
     }else{
-      Expr *pColExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pEList->a[i].pExpr);
-      while( pColExpr->op==TK_DOT ){
+      Expr *pColExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pEList->a[i].pExpr);
+      while( ALWAYS(pColExpr!=0) && pColExpr->op==TK_DOT ){
         pColExpr = pColExpr->pRight;
         assert( pColExpr!=0 );
       }
-      assert( pColExpr->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN );
-      if( pColExpr->op==TK_COLUMN ){
+      if( pColExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && (pTab = pColExpr->y.pTab)!=0 ){
         /* For columns use the column name name */
         int iCol = pColExpr->iColumn;
-        Table *pTab = pColExpr->pTab;
-        assert( pTab!=0 );
         if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
         zName = iCol>=0 ? pTab->aCol[iCol].zName : "rowid";
       }else if( pColExpr->op==TK_ID ){
@@ -125097,10 +131811,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(
         zName = pColExpr->u.zToken;
       }else{
         /* Use the original text of the column expression as its name */
-        zName = pEList->a[i].zSpan;
+        zName = pEList->a[i].zEName;
       }
     }
-    if( zName ){
+    if( zName && !sqlite3IsTrueOrFalse(zName) ){
       zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zName);
     }else{
       zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db,"column%d",i+1);
@@ -125120,6 +131834,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(
       if( cnt>3 ) sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(cnt), &cnt);
     }
     pCol->zName = zName;
+    pCol->hName = sqlite3StrIHash(zName);
     sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(0, pCol);
     if( zName && sqlite3HashInsert(&ht, zName, pCol)==pCol ){
       sqlite3OomFault(db);
@@ -125141,7 +131856,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(
 /*
 ** Add type and collation information to a column list based on
 ** a SELECT statement.
-** 
+**
 ** The column list presumably came from selectColumnNamesFromExprList().
 ** The column list has only names, not types or collations.  This
 ** routine goes through and adds the types and collations.
@@ -125152,7 +131867,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(
   Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing contexts */
   Table *pTab,          /* Add column type information to this table */
-  Select *pSelect       /* SELECT used to determine types and collations */
+  Select *pSelect,      /* SELECT used to determine types and collations */
+  char aff              /* Default affinity for columns */
 ){
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   NameContext sNC;
@@ -125185,7 +131901,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(
         pCol->colFlags |= COLFLAG_HASTYPE;
       }
     }
-    if( pCol->affinity==0 ) pCol->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
+    if( pCol->affinity<=SQLITE_AFF_NONE ) pCol->affinity = aff;
     pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, p);
     if( pColl && pCol->zColl==0 ){
       pCol->zColl = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pColl->zName);
@@ -125198,30 +131914,27 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(
 ** Given a SELECT statement, generate a Table structure that describes
 ** the result set of that SELECT.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect, char aff){
   Table *pTab;
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  int savedFlags;
+  u64 savedFlags;
 
   savedFlags = db->flags;
-  db->flags &= ~SQLITE_FullColNames;
+  db->flags &= ~(u64)SQLITE_FullColNames;
   db->flags |= SQLITE_ShortColNames;
   sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, pSelect, 0);
+  db->flags = savedFlags;
   if( pParse->nErr ) return 0;
   while( pSelect->pPrior ) pSelect = pSelect->pPrior;
-  db->flags = savedFlags;
   pTab = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table) );
   if( pTab==0 ){
     return 0;
   }
-  /* The sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect() is only used n contexts where lookaside
-  ** is disabled */
-  assert( db->lookaside.bDisable );
   pTab->nTabRef = 1;
   pTab->zName = 0;
   pTab->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
   sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pSelect->pEList, &pTab->nCol, &pTab->aCol);
-  sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(pParse, pTab, pSelect);
+  sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(pParse, pTab, pSelect, aff);
   pTab->iPKey = -1;
   if( db->mallocFailed ){
     sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pTab);
@@ -125251,9 +131964,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse *pParse){
 ** Compute the iLimit and iOffset fields of the SELECT based on the
 ** pLimit expressions.  pLimit->pLeft and pLimit->pRight hold the expressions
 ** that appear in the original SQL statement after the LIMIT and OFFSET
-** keywords.  Or NULL if those keywords are omitted. iLimit and iOffset 
-** are the integer memory register numbers for counters used to compute 
-** the limit and offset.  If there is no limit and/or offset, then 
+** keywords.  Or NULL if those keywords are omitted. iLimit and iOffset
+** are the integer memory register numbers for counters used to compute
+** the limit and offset.  If there is no limit and/or offset, then
 ** iLimit and iOffset are negative.
 **
 ** This routine changes the values of iLimit and iOffset only if
@@ -125279,7 +131992,7 @@ static void computeLimitRegisters(Parse *pParse, Select *p, int iBreak){
 
   if( p->iLimit ) return;
 
-  /* 
+  /*
   ** "LIMIT -1" always shows all rows.  There is some
   ** controversy about what the correct behavior should be.
   ** The current implementation interprets "LIMIT 0" to mean
@@ -125375,7 +132088,7 @@ static KeyInfo *multiSelectOrderByKeyInfo(Parse *pParse, Select *p, int nExtra){
       }
       assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pRet) );
       pRet->aColl[i] = pColl;
-      pRet->aSortOrder[i] = pOrderBy->a[i].sortOrder;
+      pRet->aSortFlags[i] = pOrderBy->a[i].sortFlags;
     }
   }
 
@@ -125407,7 +132120,7 @@ static KeyInfo *multiSelectOrderByKeyInfo(Parse *pParse, Select *p, int nExtra){
 ** inserted into the Queue table.  The iDistinct table keeps a copy of all rows
 ** that have ever been inserted into Queue and causes duplicates to be
 ** discarded.  If the operator is UNION ALL, then duplicates are allowed.
-** 
+**
 ** If the query has an ORDER BY, then entries in the Queue table are kept in
 ** ORDER BY order and the first entry is extracted for each cycle.  Without
 ** an ORDER BY, the Queue table is just a FIFO.
@@ -125428,6 +132141,7 @@ static void generateWithRecursiveQuery(
   int nCol = p->pEList->nExpr;  /* Number of columns in the recursive table */
   Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;      /* The prepared statement under construction */
   Select *pSetup = p->pPrior;   /* The setup query */
+  Select *pFirstRec;            /* Left-most recursive term */
   int addrTop;                  /* Top of the loop */
   int addrCont, addrBreak;      /* CONTINUE and BREAK addresses */
   int iCurrent = 0;             /* The Current table */
@@ -125442,11 +132156,18 @@ static void generateWithRecursiveQuery(
   Expr *pLimit;                 /* Saved LIMIT and OFFSET */
   int regLimit, regOffset;      /* Registers used by LIMIT and OFFSET */
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+  if( p->pWin ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot use window functions in recursive queries");
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+
   /* Obtain authorization to do a recursive query */
   if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_RECURSIVE, 0, 0, 0) ) return;
 
   /* Process the LIMIT and OFFSET clauses, if they exist */
-  addrBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+  addrBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
   p->nSelectRow = 320;  /* 4 billion rows */
   computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, addrBreak);
   pLimit = p->pLimit;
@@ -125496,7 +132217,25 @@ static void generateWithRecursiveQuery(
   /* Detach the ORDER BY clause from the compound SELECT */
   p->pOrderBy = 0;
 
+  /* Figure out how many elements of the compound SELECT are part of the
+  ** recursive query.  Make sure no recursive elements use aggregate
+  ** functions.  Mark the recursive elements as UNION ALL even if they
+  ** are really UNION because the distinctness will be enforced by the
+  ** iDistinct table.  pFirstRec is left pointing to the left-most
+  ** recursive term of the CTE.
+  */
+  pFirstRec = p;
+  for(pFirstRec=p; ALWAYS(pFirstRec!=0); pFirstRec=pFirstRec->pPrior){
+    if( pFirstRec->selFlags & SF_Aggregate ){
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "recursive aggregate queries not supported");
+      goto end_of_recursive_query;
+    }
+    pFirstRec->op = TK_ALL;
+    if( (pFirstRec->pPrior->selFlags & SF_Recursive)==0 ) break;
+  }
+
   /* Store the results of the setup-query in Queue. */
+  pSetup = pFirstRec->pPrior;
   pSetup->pNext = 0;
   ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "SETUP"));
   rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pSetup, &destQueue);
@@ -125516,7 +132255,7 @@ static void generateWithRecursiveQuery(
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Delete, iQueue);
 
   /* Output the single row in Current */
-  addrCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+  addrCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
   codeOffset(v, regOffset, addrCont);
   selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, iCurrent,
       0, 0, pDest, addrCont, addrBreak);
@@ -125529,15 +132268,11 @@ static void generateWithRecursiveQuery(
   /* Execute the recursive SELECT taking the single row in Current as
   ** the value for the recursive-table. Store the results in the Queue.
   */
-  if( p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "recursive aggregate queries not supported");
-  }else{
-    p->pPrior = 0;
-    ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "RECURSIVE STEP"));
-    sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &destQueue);
-    assert( p->pPrior==0 );
-    p->pPrior = pSetup;
-  }
+  pFirstRec->pPrior = 0;
+  ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "RECURSIVE STEP"));
+  sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &destQueue);
+  assert( pFirstRec->pPrior==0 );
+  pFirstRec->pPrior = pSetup;
 
   /* Keep running the loop until the Queue is empty */
   sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, addrTop);
@@ -125587,6 +132322,9 @@ static int multiSelectValues(
     assert( p->selFlags & SF_Values );
     assert( p->op==TK_ALL || (p->op==TK_SELECT && p->pPrior==0) );
     assert( p->pNext==0 || p->pEList->nExpr==p->pNext->pEList->nExpr );
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+    if( p->pWin ) return -1;
+#endif
     if( p->pPrior==0 ) break;
     assert( p->pPrior->pNext==p );
     p = p->pPrior;
@@ -125603,6 +132341,16 @@ static int multiSelectValues(
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** Return true if the SELECT statement which is known to be the recursive
+** part of a recursive CTE still has its anchor terms attached.  If the
+** anchor terms have already been removed, then return false.
+*/
+static int hasAnchor(Select *p){
+  while( p && (p->selFlags & SF_Recursive)!=0 ){ p = p->pPrior; }
+  return p!=0;
+}
+
 /*
 ** This routine is called to process a compound query form from
 ** two or more separate queries using UNION, UNION ALL, EXCEPT, or
@@ -125610,7 +132358,7 @@ static int multiSelectValues(
 **
 ** "p" points to the right-most of the two queries.  the query on the
 ** left is p->pPrior.  The left query could also be a compound query
-** in which case this routine will be called recursively. 
+** in which case this routine will be called recursively.
 **
 ** The results of the total query are to be written into a destination
 ** of type eDest with parameter iParm.
@@ -125651,6 +132399,7 @@ static int multiSelect(
   */
   assert( p && p->pPrior );  /* Calling function guarantees this much */
   assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Recursive)==0 || p->op==TK_ALL || p->op==TK_UNION );
+  assert( p->selFlags & SF_Compound );
   db = pParse->db;
   pPrior = p->pPrior;
   dest = *pDest;
@@ -125676,7 +132425,8 @@ static int multiSelect(
   */
   if( p->selFlags & SF_MultiValue ){
     rc = multiSelectValues(pParse, p, &dest);
-    goto multi_select_end;
+    if( rc>=0 ) goto multi_select_end;
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
   }
 
   /* Make sure all SELECTs in the statement have the same number of elements
@@ -125686,7 +132436,7 @@ static int multiSelect(
   assert( p->pEList->nExpr==pPrior->pEList->nExpr );
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
-  if( p->selFlags & SF_Recursive ){
+  if( (p->selFlags & SF_Recursive)!=0 && hasAnchor(p) ){
     generateWithRecursiveQuery(pParse, p, &dest);
   }else
 #endif
@@ -125738,7 +132488,7 @@ static int multiSelect(
         p->nSelectRow = sqlite3LogEstAdd(p->nSelectRow, pPrior->nSelectRow);
         if( pPrior->pLimit
          && sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pPrior->pLimit->pLeft, &nLimit)
-         && nLimit>0 && p->nSelectRow > sqlite3LogEst((u64)nLimit) 
+         && nLimit>0 && p->nSelectRow > sqlite3LogEst((u64)nLimit)
         ){
           p->nSelectRow = sqlite3LogEst((u64)nLimit);
         }
@@ -125755,7 +132505,7 @@ static int multiSelect(
         Expr *pLimit;    /* Saved values of p->nLimit  */
         int addr;
         SelectDest uniondest;
-  
+
         testcase( p->op==TK_EXCEPT );
         testcase( p->op==TK_UNION );
         priorOp = SRT_Union;
@@ -125777,7 +132527,8 @@ static int multiSelect(
           findRightmost(p)->selFlags |= SF_UsesEphemeral;
           assert( p->pEList );
         }
-  
+
+
         /* Code the SELECT statements to our left
         */
         assert( !pPrior->pOrderBy );
@@ -125786,7 +132537,7 @@ static int multiSelect(
         if( rc ){
           goto multi_select_end;
         }
-  
+
         /* Code the current SELECT statement
         */
         if( p->op==TK_EXCEPT ){
@@ -125803,9 +132554,7 @@ static int multiSelect(
                           selectOpName(p->op)));
         rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &uniondest);
         testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-        /* Query flattening in sqlite3Select() might refill p->pOrderBy.
-        ** Be sure to delete p->pOrderBy, therefore, to avoid a memory leak. */
-        sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pOrderBy);
+        assert( p->pOrderBy==0 );
         pDelete = p->pPrior;
         p->pPrior = pPrior;
         p->pOrderBy = 0;
@@ -125816,16 +132565,16 @@ static int multiSelect(
         p->pLimit = pLimit;
         p->iLimit = 0;
         p->iOffset = 0;
-  
+
         /* Convert the data in the temporary table into whatever form
         ** it is that we currently need.
         */
         assert( unionTab==dest.iSDParm || dest.eDest!=priorOp );
-        if( dest.eDest!=priorOp ){
+        assert( p->pEList || db->mallocFailed );
+        if( dest.eDest!=priorOp && db->mallocFailed==0 ){
           int iCont, iBreak, iStart;
-          assert( p->pEList );
-          iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-          iCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+          iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+          iCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
           computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iBreak);
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, unionTab, iBreak); VdbeCoverage(v);
           iStart = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
@@ -125845,7 +132594,7 @@ static int multiSelect(
         int addr;
         SelectDest intersectdest;
         int r1;
-  
+
         /* INTERSECT is different from the others since it requires
         ** two temporary tables.  Hence it has its own case.  Begin
         ** by allocating the tables we will need.
@@ -125853,13 +132602,13 @@ static int multiSelect(
         tab1 = pParse->nTab++;
         tab2 = pParse->nTab++;
         assert( p->pOrderBy==0 );
-  
+
         addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, tab1, 0);
         assert( p->addrOpenEphm[0] == -1 );
         p->addrOpenEphm[0] = addr;
         findRightmost(p)->selFlags |= SF_UsesEphemeral;
         assert( p->pEList );
-  
+
         /* Code the SELECTs to our left into temporary table "tab1".
         */
         sqlite3SelectDestInit(&intersectdest, SRT_Union, tab1);
@@ -125867,7 +132616,7 @@ static int multiSelect(
         if( rc ){
           goto multi_select_end;
         }
-  
+
         /* Code the current SELECT into temporary table "tab2"
         */
         addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, tab2, 0);
@@ -125888,13 +132637,14 @@ static int multiSelect(
         }
         sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
         p->pLimit = pLimit;
-  
+
         /* Generate code to take the intersection of the two temporary
         ** tables.
         */
+        if( rc ) break;
         assert( p->pEList );
-        iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-        iCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+        iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+        iCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
         computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iBreak);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, tab1, iBreak); VdbeCoverage(v);
         r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
@@ -125912,15 +132662,16 @@ static int multiSelect(
         break;
       }
     }
-  
+
   #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
     if( p->pNext==0 ){
       ExplainQueryPlanPop(pParse);
     }
   #endif
   }
-  
-  /* Compute collating sequences used by 
+  if( pParse->nErr ) goto multi_select_end;
+
+  /* Compute collating sequences used by
   ** temporary tables needed to implement the compound select.
   ** Attach the KeyInfo structure to all temporary tables.
   **
@@ -126024,9 +132775,9 @@ static int generateOutputSubroutine(
   int addr;
 
   addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-  iContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+  iContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
 
-  /* Suppress duplicates for UNION, EXCEPT, and INTERSECT 
+  /* Suppress duplicates for UNION, EXCEPT, and INTERSECT
   */
   if( regPrev ){
     int addr1, addr2;
@@ -126068,7 +132819,7 @@ static int generateOutputSubroutine(
       int r1;
       testcase( pIn->nSdst>1 );
       r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, pIn->iSdst, pIn->nSdst, 
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, pIn->iSdst, pIn->nSdst,
           r1, pDest->zAffSdst, pIn->nSdst);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, pDest->iSDParm, r1,
                            pIn->iSdst, pIn->nSdst);
@@ -126078,11 +132829,14 @@ static int generateOutputSubroutine(
 
     /* If this is a scalar select that is part of an expression, then
     ** store the results in the appropriate memory cell and break out
-    ** of the scan loop.
+    ** of the scan loop.  Note that the select might return multiple columns
+    ** if it is the RHS of a row-value IN operator.
     */
     case SRT_Mem: {
-      assert( pIn->nSdst==1 || pParse->nErr>0 );  testcase( pIn->nSdst!=1 );
-      sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, pIn->iSdst, pDest->iSDParm, 1);
+      if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
+        testcase( pIn->nSdst>1 );
+        sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, pIn->iSdst, pDest->iSDParm, pIn->nSdst);
+      }
       /* The LIMIT clause will jump out of the loop for us */
       break;
     }
@@ -126105,7 +132859,7 @@ static int generateOutputSubroutine(
     ** SRT_Output.  This routine is never called with any other
     ** destination other than the ones handled above or SRT_Output.
     **
-    ** For SRT_Output, results are stored in a sequence of registers.  
+    ** For SRT_Output, results are stored in a sequence of registers.
     ** Then the OP_ResultRow opcode is used to cause sqlite3_step() to
     ** return the next row of result.
     */
@@ -126162,7 +132916,7 @@ static int generateOutputSubroutine(
 **
 **    EofB:    Called when data is exhausted from selectB.
 **
-** The implementation of the latter five subroutines depend on which 
+** The implementation of the latter five subroutines depend on which
 ** <operator> is used:
 **
 **
@@ -126254,20 +133008,20 @@ static int multiSelectOrderBy(
   sqlite3 *db;          /* Database connection */
   ExprList *pOrderBy;   /* The ORDER BY clause */
   int nOrderBy;         /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
-  int *aPermute;        /* Mapping from ORDER BY terms to result set columns */
+  u32 *aPermute;        /* Mapping from ORDER BY terms to result set columns */
 
   assert( p->pOrderBy!=0 );
   assert( pKeyDup==0 ); /* "Managed" code needs this.  Ticket #3382. */
   db = pParse->db;
   v = pParse->pVdbe;
   assert( v!=0 );       /* Already thrown the error if VDBE alloc failed */
-  labelEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-  labelCmpr = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+  labelEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+  labelCmpr = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
 
 
   /* Patch up the ORDER BY clause
   */
-  op = p->op;  
+  op = p->op;
   pPrior = p->pPrior;
   assert( pPrior->pOrderBy==0 );
   pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
@@ -126303,7 +133057,7 @@ static int multiSelectOrderBy(
   ** to the right and the left are evaluated, they use the correct
   ** collation.
   */
-  aPermute = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(int)*(nOrderBy + 1));
+  aPermute = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(u32)*(nOrderBy + 1));
   if( aPermute ){
     struct ExprList_item *pItem;
     aPermute[0] = nOrderBy;
@@ -126339,11 +133093,11 @@ static int multiSelectOrderBy(
       assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pKeyDup) );
       for(i=0; i<nExpr; i++){
         pKeyDup->aColl[i] = multiSelectCollSeq(pParse, p, i);
-        pKeyDup->aSortOrder[i] = 0;
+        pKeyDup->aSortFlags[i] = 0;
       }
     }
   }
- 
+
   /* Separate the left and the right query from one another
   */
   p->pPrior = 0;
@@ -126388,7 +133142,7 @@ static int multiSelectOrderBy(
   sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(v, regAddrA);
   sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
 
-  /* Generate a coroutine to evaluate the SELECT statement on 
+  /* Generate a coroutine to evaluate the SELECT statement on
   ** the right - the "B" select
   */
   addrSelectB = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 1;
@@ -126397,7 +133151,7 @@ static int multiSelectOrderBy(
   savedLimit = p->iLimit;
   savedOffset = p->iOffset;
   p->iLimit = regLimitB;
-  p->iOffset = 0;  
+  p->iOffset = 0;
   ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "RIGHT"));
   sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &destB);
   p->iLimit = savedLimit;
@@ -126411,7 +133165,7 @@ static int multiSelectOrderBy(
   addrOutA = generateOutputSubroutine(pParse,
                  p, &destA, pDest, regOutA,
                  regPrev, pKeyDup, labelEnd);
-  
+
   /* Generate a subroutine that outputs the current row of the B
   ** select as the next output row of the compound select.
   */
@@ -126428,7 +133182,7 @@ static int multiSelectOrderBy(
   */
   if( op==TK_EXCEPT || op==TK_INTERSECT ){
     addrEofA_noB = addrEofA = labelEnd;
-  }else{  
+  }else{
     VdbeNoopComment((v, "eof-A subroutine"));
     addrEofA = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regOutB, addrOutB);
     addrEofA_noB = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Yield, regAddrB, labelEnd);
@@ -126443,7 +133197,7 @@ static int multiSelectOrderBy(
   if( op==TK_INTERSECT ){
     addrEofB = addrEofA;
     if( p->nSelectRow > pPrior->nSelectRow ) p->nSelectRow = pPrior->nSelectRow;
-  }else{  
+  }else{
     VdbeNoopComment((v, "eof-B subroutine"));
     addrEofB = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regOutA, addrOutA);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Yield, regAddrA, labelEnd); VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -126538,13 +133292,13 @@ static void substSelect(SubstContext*, Select*, int);
 /*
 ** Scan through the expression pExpr.  Replace every reference to
 ** a column in table number iTable with a copy of the iColumn-th
-** entry in pEList.  (But leave references to the ROWID column 
+** entry in pEList.  (But leave references to the ROWID column
 ** unchanged.)
 **
 ** This routine is part of the flattening procedure.  A subquery
 ** whose result set is defined by pEList appears as entry in the
 ** FROM clause of a SELECT such that the VDBE cursor assigned to that
-** FORM clause entry is iTable.  This routine makes the necessary 
+** FORM clause entry is iTable.  This routine makes the necessary
 ** changes to pExpr so that it refers directly to the source table
 ** of the subquery rather the result set of the subquery.
 */
@@ -126558,7 +133312,10 @@ static Expr *substExpr(
   ){
     pExpr->iRightJoinTable = pSubst->iNewTable;
   }
-  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && pExpr->iTable==pSubst->iTable ){
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN
+   && pExpr->iTable==pSubst->iTable
+   && !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FixedCol)
+  ){
     if( pExpr->iColumn<0 ){
       pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
     }else{
@@ -126576,18 +133333,31 @@ static Expr *substExpr(
           ifNullRow.op = TK_IF_NULL_ROW;
           ifNullRow.pLeft = pCopy;
           ifNullRow.iTable = pSubst->iNewTable;
+          ifNullRow.flags = EP_IfNullRow;
           pCopy = &ifNullRow;
         }
+        testcase( ExprHasProperty(pCopy, EP_Subquery) );
         pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pCopy, 0);
         if( pNew && pSubst->isLeftJoin ){
           ExprSetProperty(pNew, EP_CanBeNull);
         }
         if( pNew && ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_FromJoin) ){
-          pNew->iRightJoinTable = pExpr->iRightJoinTable;
-          ExprSetProperty(pNew, EP_FromJoin);
+          sqlite3SetJoinExpr(pNew, pExpr->iRightJoinTable);
         }
         sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
         pExpr = pNew;
+
+        /* Ensure that the expression now has an implicit collation sequence,
+        ** just as it did when it was a column of a view or sub-query. */
+        if( pExpr ){
+          if( pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN && pExpr->op!=TK_COLLATE ){
+            CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pSubst->pParse, pExpr);
+            pExpr = sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pSubst->pParse, pExpr,
+                (pColl ? pColl->zName : "BINARY")
+            );
+          }
+          ExprClearProperty(pExpr, EP_Collate);
+        }
       }
     }
   }else{
@@ -126601,6 +133371,14 @@ static Expr *substExpr(
     }else{
       substExprList(pSubst, pExpr->x.pList);
     }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
+      Window *pWin = pExpr->y.pWin;
+      pWin->pFilter = substExpr(pSubst, pWin->pFilter);
+      substExprList(pSubst, pWin->pPartition);
+      substExprList(pSubst, pWin->pOrderBy);
+    }
+#endif
   }
   return pExpr;
 }
@@ -126641,6 +133419,38 @@ static void substSelect(
 }
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) */
 
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
+/*
+** pSelect is a SELECT statement and pSrcItem is one item in the FROM
+** clause of that SELECT.
+**
+** This routine scans the entire SELECT statement and recomputes the
+** pSrcItem->colUsed mask.
+*/
+static int recomputeColumnsUsedExpr(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
+  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
+  if( pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return WRC_Continue;
+  pItem = pWalker->u.pSrcItem;
+  if( pItem->iCursor!=pExpr->iTable ) return WRC_Continue;
+  if( pExpr->iColumn<0 ) return WRC_Continue;
+  pItem->colUsed |= sqlite3ExprColUsed(pExpr);
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+static void recomputeColumnsUsed(
+  Select *pSelect,                 /* The complete SELECT statement */
+  struct SrcList_item *pSrcItem    /* Which FROM clause item to recompute */
+){
+  Walker w;
+  if( NEVER(pSrcItem->pTab==0) ) return;
+  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
+  w.xExprCallback = recomputeColumnsUsedExpr;
+  w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkNoop;
+  w.u.pSrcItem = pSrcItem;
+  pSrcItem->colUsed = 0;
+  sqlite3WalkSelect(&w, pSelect);
+}
+#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) */
+
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
 /*
 ** This routine attempts to flatten subqueries as a performance optimization.
@@ -126664,7 +133474,7 @@ static void substSelect(
 **     SELECT x+y AS a FROM t1 WHERE z<100 AND a>5
 **
 ** The code generated for this simplification gives the same result
-** but only has to scan the data once.  And because indices might 
+** but only has to scan the data once.  And because indices might
 ** exist on the table t1, a complete scan of the data might be
 ** avoided.
 **
@@ -126686,11 +133496,12 @@ static void substSelect(
 **        (3b) the FROM clause of the subquery may not contain a virtual
 **             table and
 **        (3c) the outer query may not be an aggregate.
+**        (3d) the outer query may not be DISTINCT.
 **
 **   (4)  The subquery can not be DISTINCT.
 **
 **  (**)  At one point restrictions (4) and (5) defined a subset of DISTINCT
-**        sub-queries that were excluded from this optimization. Restriction 
+**        sub-queries that were excluded from this optimization. Restriction
 **        (4) has since been expanded to exclude all DISTINCT subqueries.
 **
 **  (**)  We no longer attempt to flatten aggregate subqueries.  Was:
@@ -126707,7 +133518,7 @@ static void substSelect(
 **
 **  (**)  Restriction (10) was removed from the code on 2005-02-05 but we
 **        accidently carried the comment forward until 2014-09-15.  Original
-**        constraint: "If the subquery is aggregate then the outer query 
+**        constraint: "If the subquery is aggregate then the outer query
 **        may not use LIMIT."
 **
 **  (11)  The subquery and the outer query may not both have ORDER BY clauses.
@@ -126725,7 +133536,7 @@ static void substSelect(
 **
 **  (16)  If the outer query is aggregate, then the subquery may not
 **        use ORDER BY.  (Ticket #2942)  This used to not matter
-**        until we introduced the group_concat() function.  
+**        until we introduced the group_concat() function.
 **
 **  (17)  If the subquery is a compound select, then
 **        (17a) all compound operators must be a UNION ALL, and
@@ -126736,6 +133547,7 @@ static void substSelect(
 **              (17d1) aggregate, or
 **              (17d2) DISTINCT, or
 **              (17d3) a join.
+**        (17e) the subquery may not contain window functions
 **
 **        The parent and sub-query may contain WHERE clauses. Subject to
 **        rules (11), (13) and (14), they may also contain ORDER BY,
@@ -126751,7 +133563,7 @@ static void substSelect(
 **        syntax error and return a detailed message.
 **
 **  (18)  If the sub-query is a compound select, then all terms of the
-**        ORDER BY clause of the parent must be simple references to 
+**        ORDER BY clause of the parent must be simple references to
 **        columns of the sub-query.
 **
 **  (19)  If the subquery uses LIMIT then the outer query may not
@@ -126775,7 +133587,7 @@ static void substSelect(
 **        recursive queries in multiSelect().
 **
 **  (**)  We no longer attempt to flatten aggregate subqueries.  Was:
-**        The subquery may not be an aggregate that uses the built-in min() or 
+**        The subquery may not be an aggregate that uses the built-in min() or
 **        or max() functions.  (Without this restriction, a query like:
 **        "SELECT x FROM (SELECT max(y), x FROM t1)" would not necessarily
 **        return the value X for which Y was maximal.)
@@ -126809,11 +133621,12 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
   SrcList *pSubSrc;   /* The FROM clause of the subquery */
   int iParent;        /* VDBE cursor number of the pSub result set temp table */
   int iNewParent = -1;/* Replacement table for iParent */
-  int isLeftJoin = 0; /* True if pSub is the right side of a LEFT JOIN */    
+  int isLeftJoin = 0; /* True if pSub is the right side of a LEFT JOIN */
   int i;              /* Loop counter */
   Expr *pWhere;                    /* The WHERE clause */
   struct SrcList_item *pSubitem;   /* The subquery */
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  Walker w;                        /* Walker to persist agginfo data */
 
   /* Check to see if flattening is permitted.  Return 0 if not.
   */
@@ -126882,8 +133695,11 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
   */
   if( (pSubitem->fg.jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0 ){
     isLeftJoin = 1;
-    if( pSubSrc->nSrc>1 || isAgg || IsVirtual(pSubSrc->a[0].pTab) ){
-      /*  (3a)             (3c)     (3b) */
+    if( pSubSrc->nSrc>1                   /* (3a) */
+     || isAgg                             /* (3b) */
+     || IsVirtual(pSubSrc->a[0].pTab)     /* (3c) */
+     || (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0    /* (3d) */
+    ){
       return 0;
     }
   }
@@ -126891,7 +133707,7 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
   else if( iFrom>0 && !isAgg ){
     /* Setting isLeftJoin to -1 causes OP_IfNullRow opcodes to be generated for
     ** every reference to any result column from subquery in a join, even
-    ** though they are not necessary.  This will stress-test the OP_IfNullRow 
+    ** though they are not necessary.  This will stress-test the OP_IfNullRow
     ** opcode. */
     isLeftJoin = -1;
   }
@@ -126917,6 +133733,9 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
       if( (pSub1->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))!=0    /* (17b) */
        || (pSub1->pPrior && pSub1->op!=TK_ALL)                 /* (17a) */
        || pSub1->pSrc->nSrc<1                                  /* (17c) */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+       || pSub1->pWin                                          /* (17e) */
+#endif
       ){
         return 0;
       }
@@ -126951,13 +133770,13 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
   pParse->zAuthContext = zSavedAuthContext;
 
   /* If the sub-query is a compound SELECT statement, then (by restrictions
-  ** 17 and 18 above) it must be a UNION ALL and the parent query must 
+  ** 17 and 18 above) it must be a UNION ALL and the parent query must
   ** be of the form:
   **
-  **     SELECT <expr-list> FROM (<sub-query>) <where-clause> 
+  **     SELECT <expr-list> FROM (<sub-query>) <where-clause>
   **
   ** followed by any ORDER BY, LIMIT and/or OFFSET clauses. This block
-  ** creates N-1 copies of the parent query without any ORDER BY, LIMIT or 
+  ** creates N-1 copies of the parent query without any ORDER BY, LIMIT or
   ** OFFSET clauses and joins them to the left-hand-side of the original
   ** using UNION ALL operators. In this case N is the number of simple
   ** select statements in the compound sub-query.
@@ -127010,7 +133829,7 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
     if( db->mallocFailed ) return 1;
   }
 
-  /* Begin flattening the iFrom-th entry of the FROM clause 
+  /* Begin flattening the iFrom-th entry of the FROM clause
   ** in the outer query.
   */
   pSub = pSub1 = pSubitem->pSelect;
@@ -127061,6 +133880,7 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
   for(pParent=p; pParent; pParent=pParent->pPrior, pSub=pSub->pPrior){
     int nSubSrc;
     u8 jointype = 0;
+    assert( pSub!=0 );
     pSubSrc = pSub->pSrc;     /* FROM clause of subquery */
     nSubSrc = pSubSrc->nSrc;  /* Number of terms in subquery FROM clause */
     pSrc = pParent->pSrc;     /* FROM clause of the outer query */
@@ -127070,11 +133890,9 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
       jointype = pSubitem->fg.jointype;
     }else{
       assert( pParent!=p );  /* 2nd and subsequent times through the loop */
-      pSrc = pParent->pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, 0, 0, 0);
-      if( pSrc==0 ){
-        assert( db->mallocFailed );
-        break;
-      }
+      pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse, 0, 0, 0);
+      if( pSrc==0 ) break;
+      pParent->pSrc = pSrc;
     }
 
     /* The subquery uses a single slot of the FROM clause of the outer
@@ -127093,10 +133911,9 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
     ** for the two elements in the FROM clause of the subquery.
     */
     if( nSubSrc>1 ){
-      pParent->pSrc = pSrc = sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(db, pSrc, nSubSrc-1,iFrom+1);
-      if( db->mallocFailed ){
-        break;
-      }
+      pSrc = sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(pParse, pSrc, nSubSrc-1,iFrom+1);
+      if( pSrc==0 ) break;
+      pParent->pSrc = pSrc;
     }
 
     /* Transfer the FROM clause terms from the subquery into the
@@ -127110,10 +133927,10 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
       memset(&pSubSrc->a[i], 0, sizeof(pSubSrc->a[i]));
     }
     pSrc->a[iFrom].fg.jointype = jointype;
-  
-    /* Now begin substituting subquery result set expressions for 
+
+    /* Now begin substituting subquery result set expressions for
     ** references to the iParent in the outer query.
-    ** 
+    **
     ** Example:
     **
     **   SELECT a+5, b*10 FROM (SELECT x*3 AS a, y+10 AS b FROM t1) WHERE a>b;
@@ -127123,7 +133940,7 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
     ** We look at every expression in the outer query and every place we see
     ** "a" we substitute "x*3" and every place we see "b" we substitute "y+10".
     */
-    if( pSub->pOrderBy ){
+    if( pSub->pOrderBy && (pParent->selFlags & SF_NoopOrderBy)==0 ){
       /* At this point, any non-zero iOrderByCol values indicate that the
       ** ORDER BY column expression is identical to the iOrderByCol'th
       ** expression returned by SELECT statement pSub. Since these values
@@ -127142,11 +133959,18 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
       pParent->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
       pSub->pOrderBy = 0;
     }
-    pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pSub->pWhere, 0);
+    pWhere = pSub->pWhere;
+    pSub->pWhere = 0;
     if( isLeftJoin>0 ){
-      setJoinExpr(pWhere, iNewParent);
+      sqlite3SetJoinExpr(pWhere, iNewParent);
+    }
+    if( pWhere ){
+      if( pParent->pWhere ){
+        pParent->pWhere = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_AND, pWhere, pParent->pWhere);
+      }else{
+        pParent->pWhere = pWhere;
+      }
     }
-    pParent->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pWhere, pParent->pWhere);
     if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
       SubstContext x;
       x.pParse = pParse;
@@ -127156,12 +133980,12 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
       x.pEList = pSub->pEList;
       substSelect(&x, pParent, 0);
     }
-  
-    /* The flattened query is distinct if either the inner or the
-    ** outer query is distinct. 
-    */
-    pParent->selFlags |= pSub->selFlags & SF_Distinct;
-  
+
+    /* The flattened query is a compound if either the inner or the
+    ** outer query is a compound. */
+    pParent->selFlags |= pSub->selFlags & SF_Compound;
+    assert( (pSub->selFlags & SF_Distinct)==0 ); /* restriction (17b) */
+
     /*
     ** SELECT ... FROM (SELECT ... LIMIT a OFFSET b) LIMIT x OFFSET y;
     **
@@ -127172,15 +133996,23 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
       pParent->pLimit = pSub->pLimit;
       pSub->pLimit = 0;
     }
+
+    /* Recompute the SrcList_item.colUsed masks for the flattened
+    ** tables. */
+    for(i=0; i<nSubSrc; i++){
+      recomputeColumnsUsed(pParent, &pSrc->a[i+iFrom]);
+    }
   }
 
   /* Finially, delete what is left of the subquery and return
   ** success.
   */
+  sqlite3AggInfoPersistWalkerInit(&w, pParse);
+  sqlite3WalkSelect(&w,pSub1);
   sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSub1);
 
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
-  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100 ){
+  if( sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace & 0x100 ){
     SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p,("After flattening:\n"));
     sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
   }
@@ -127191,7 +134023,7 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) */
 
 /*
-** A structure to keep track of all of the column values that fixed to
+** A structure to keep track of all of the column values that are fixed to
 ** a known value due to WHERE clause constraints of the form COLUMN=VALUE.
 */
 typedef struct WhereConst WhereConst;
@@ -127203,13 +134035,40 @@ struct WhereConst {
 };
 
 /*
-** Add a new entry to the pConst object
+** Add a new entry to the pConst object.  Except, do not add duplicate
+** pColumn entires.  Also, do not add if doing so would not be appropriate.
+**
+** The caller guarantees the pColumn is a column and pValue is a constant.
+** This routine has to do some additional checks before completing the
+** insert.
 */
 static void constInsert(
-  WhereConst *pConst,
-  Expr *pColumn,
-  Expr *pValue
+  WhereConst *pConst,  /* The WhereConst into which we are inserting */
+  Expr *pColumn,       /* The COLUMN part of the constraint */
+  Expr *pValue,        /* The VALUE part of the constraint */
+  Expr *pExpr          /* Overall expression: COLUMN=VALUE or VALUE=COLUMN */
 ){
+  int i;
+  assert( pColumn->op==TK_COLUMN );
+  assert( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pValue) );
+
+  if( ExprHasProperty(pColumn, EP_FixedCol) ) return;
+  if( sqlite3ExprAffinity(pValue)!=0 ) return;
+  if( !sqlite3IsBinary(sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(pConst->pParse,pExpr)) ){
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* 2018-10-25 ticket [cf5ed20f]
+  ** Make sure the same pColumn is not inserted more than once */
+  for(i=0; i<pConst->nConst; i++){
+    const Expr *pE2 = pConst->apExpr[i*2];
+    assert( pE2->op==TK_COLUMN );
+    if( pE2->iTable==pColumn->iTable
+     && pE2->iColumn==pColumn->iColumn
+    ){
+      return;  /* Already present.  Return without doing anything. */
+    }
+  }
 
   pConst->nConst++;
   pConst->apExpr = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(pConst->pParse->db, pConst->apExpr,
@@ -127217,7 +134076,6 @@ static void constInsert(
   if( pConst->apExpr==0 ){
     pConst->nConst = 0;
   }else{
-    if( ExprHasProperty(pValue, EP_FixedCol) ) pValue = pValue->pLeft;
     pConst->apExpr[pConst->nConst*2-2] = pColumn;
     pConst->apExpr[pConst->nConst*2-1] = pValue;
   }
@@ -127243,19 +134101,11 @@ static void findConstInWhere(WhereConst *pConst, Expr *pExpr){
   pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
   assert( pRight!=0 );
   assert( pLeft!=0 );
-  if( pRight->op==TK_COLUMN
-   && !ExprHasProperty(pRight, EP_FixedCol)
-   && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pLeft)
-   && sqlite3IsBinary(sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pConst->pParse,pLeft,pRight))
-  ){
-    constInsert(pConst, pRight, pLeft);
-  }else
-  if( pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN
-   && !ExprHasProperty(pLeft, EP_FixedCol)
-   && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pRight)
-   && sqlite3IsBinary(sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pConst->pParse,pLeft,pRight))
-  ){
-    constInsert(pConst, pLeft, pRight);
+  if( pRight->op==TK_COLUMN && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pLeft) ){
+    constInsert(pConst,pRight,pLeft,pExpr);
+  }
+  if( pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pRight) ){
+    constInsert(pConst,pLeft,pRight,pExpr);
   }
 }
 
@@ -127269,7 +134119,11 @@ static int propagateConstantExprRewrite(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
   int i;
   WhereConst *pConst;
   if( pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return WRC_Continue;
-  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FixedCol) ) return WRC_Continue;
+  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FixedCol|EP_FromJoin) ){
+    testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FixedCol) );
+    testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) );
+    return WRC_Continue;
+  }
   pConst = pWalker->u.pConst;
   for(i=0; i<pConst->nConst; i++){
     Expr *pColumn = pConst->apExpr[i*2];
@@ -127291,10 +134145,9 @@ static int propagateConstantExprRewrite(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
 ** The WHERE-clause constant propagation optimization.
 **
 ** If the WHERE clause contains terms of the form COLUMN=CONSTANT or
-** CONSTANT=COLUMN that must be tree (in other words, if the terms top-level
-** AND-connected terms that are not part of a ON clause from a LEFT JOIN)
-** then throughout the query replace all other occurrences of COLUMN
-** with CONSTANT within the WHERE clause.
+** CONSTANT=COLUMN that are top-level AND-connected terms that are not
+** part of a ON clause from a LEFT JOIN, then throughout the query
+** replace all other occurrences of COLUMN with CONSTANT.
 **
 ** For example, the query:
 **
@@ -127349,7 +134202,7 @@ static int propagateConstants(
       sqlite3DbFree(x.pParse->db, x.apExpr);
       nChng += x.nChng;
     }
-  }while( x.nChng );  
+  }while( x.nChng );
   return nChng;
 }
 
@@ -127400,8 +134253,8 @@ static int propagateConstants(
 **       But if the (b2=2) term were to be pushed down into the bb subquery,
 **       then the (1,1,NULL) row would be suppressed.
 **
-**   (6) The inner query features one or more window-functions (since 
-**       changes to the WHERE clause of the inner query could change the 
+**   (6) The inner query features one or more window-functions (since
+**       changes to the WHERE clause of the inner query could change the
 **       window over which window functions are calculated).
 **
 ** Return 0 if no changes are made and non-zero if one or more WHERE clause
@@ -127416,11 +134269,14 @@ static int pushDownWhereTerms(
 ){
   Expr *pNew;
   int nChng = 0;
+  Select *pSel;
   if( pWhere==0 ) return 0;
   if( pSubq->selFlags & SF_Recursive ) return 0;  /* restriction (2) */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-  if( pSubq->pWin ) return 0;    /* restriction (6) */
+  for(pSel=pSubq; pSel; pSel=pSel->pPrior){
+    if( pSel->pWin ) return 0;    /* restriction (6) */
+  }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
@@ -127429,7 +134285,7 @@ static int pushDownWhereTerms(
   ** in the future.
   */
   {
-    Select *pX;  
+    Select *pX;
     for(pX=pSubq; pX; pX=pX->pPrior){
       assert( (pX->selFlags & (SF_Recursive))==0 );
     }
@@ -127466,9 +134322,9 @@ static int pushDownWhereTerms(
       x.pEList = pSubq->pEList;
       pNew = substExpr(&x, pNew);
       if( pSubq->selFlags & SF_Aggregate ){
-        pSubq->pHaving = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse->db, pSubq->pHaving, pNew);
+        pSubq->pHaving = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, pSubq->pHaving, pNew);
       }else{
-        pSubq->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse->db, pSubq->pWhere, pNew);
+        pSubq->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, pSubq->pWhere, pNew);
       }
       pSubq = pSubq->pPrior;
     }
@@ -127479,7 +134335,7 @@ static int pushDownWhereTerms(
 
 /*
 ** The pFunc is the only aggregate function in the query.  Check to see
-** if the query is a candidate for the min/max optimization. 
+** if the query is a candidate for the min/max optimization.
 **
 ** If the query is a candidate for the min/max optimization, then set
 ** *ppMinMax to be an ORDER BY clause to be used for the optimization
@@ -127498,30 +134354,35 @@ static u8 minMaxQuery(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pFunc, ExprList **ppMinMax){
   ExprList *pEList = pFunc->x.pList;    /* Arguments to agg function */
   const char *zFunc;                    /* Name of aggregate function pFunc */
   ExprList *pOrderBy;
-  u8 sortOrder;
+  u8 sortFlags = 0;
 
   assert( *ppMinMax==0 );
   assert( pFunc->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION );
-  if( pEList==0 || pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return eRet;
+  assert( !IsWindowFunc(pFunc) );
+  if( pEList==0 || pEList->nExpr!=1 || ExprHasProperty(pFunc, EP_WinFunc) ){
+    return eRet;
+  }
   zFunc = pFunc->u.zToken;
   if( sqlite3StrICmp(zFunc, "min")==0 ){
     eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN;
-    sortOrder = SQLITE_SO_ASC;
+    if( sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pEList->a[0].pExpr) ){
+      sortFlags = KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL;
+    }
   }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zFunc, "max")==0 ){
     eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX;
-    sortOrder = SQLITE_SO_DESC;
+    sortFlags = KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC;
   }else{
     return eRet;
   }
   *ppMinMax = pOrderBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pEList, 0);
   assert( pOrderBy!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
-  if( pOrderBy ) pOrderBy->a[0].sortOrder = sortOrder;
+  if( pOrderBy ) pOrderBy->a[0].sortFlags = sortFlags;
   return eRet;
 }
 
 /*
 ** The select statement passed as the first argument is an aggregate query.
-** The second argument is the associated aggregate-info object. This 
+** The second argument is the associated aggregate-info object. This
 ** function tests if the SELECT is of the form:
 **
 **   SELECT count(*) FROM <tbl>
@@ -127536,7 +134397,7 @@ static Table *isSimpleCount(Select *p, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
 
   assert( !p->pGroupBy );
 
-  if( p->pWhere || p->pEList->nExpr!=1 
+  if( p->pWhere || p->pEList->nExpr!=1
    || p->pSrc->nSrc!=1 || p->pSrc->a[0].pSelect
   ){
     return 0;
@@ -127549,7 +134410,7 @@ static Table *isSimpleCount(Select *p, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
   if( pExpr->op!=TK_AGG_FUNCTION ) return 0;
   if( NEVER(pAggInfo->nFunc==0) ) return 0;
   if( (pAggInfo->aFunc[0].pFunc->funcFlags&SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT)==0 ) return 0;
-  if( pExpr->flags&EP_Distinct ) return 0;
+  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Distinct|EP_WinFunc) ) return 0;
 
   return pTab;
 }
@@ -127557,8 +134418,8 @@ static Table *isSimpleCount(Select *p, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
 /*
 ** If the source-list item passed as an argument was augmented with an
 ** INDEXED BY clause, then try to locate the specified index. If there
-** was such a clause and the named index cannot be found, return 
-** SQLITE_ERROR and leave an error in pParse. Otherwise, populate 
+** was such a clause and the named index cannot be found, return
+** SQLITE_ERROR and leave an error in pParse. Otherwise, populate
 ** pFrom->pIndex and return SQLITE_OK.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *pParse, struct SrcList_item *pFrom){
@@ -127566,8 +134427,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *pParse, struct SrcList_item *pF
     Table *pTab = pFrom->pTab;
     char *zIndexedBy = pFrom->u1.zIndexedBy;
     Index *pIdx;
-    for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; 
-        pIdx && sqlite3StrICmp(pIdx->zName, zIndexedBy); 
+    for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex;
+        pIdx && sqlite3StrICmp(pIdx->zName, zIndexedBy);
         pIdx=pIdx->pNext
     );
     if( !pIdx ){
@@ -127580,7 +134441,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *pParse, struct SrcList_item *pF
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 /*
-** Detect compound SELECT statements that use an ORDER BY clause with 
+** Detect compound SELECT statements that use an ORDER BY clause with
 ** an alternative collating sequence.
 **
 **    SELECT ... FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT ... FROM t2 ORDER BY .. COLLATE ...
@@ -127615,6 +134476,14 @@ static int convertCompoundSelectToSubquery(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   for(pX=p; pX && (pX->op==TK_ALL || pX->op==TK_SELECT); pX=pX->pPrior){}
   if( pX==0 ) return WRC_Continue;
   a = p->pOrderBy->a;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+  /* If iOrderByCol is already non-zero, then it has already been matched
+  ** to a result column of the SELECT statement. This occurs when the
+  ** SELECT is rewritten for window-functions processing and then passed
+  ** to sqlite3SelectPrep() and similar a second time. The rewriting done
+  ** by this function is not required in this case. */
+  if( a[0].u.x.iOrderByCol ) return WRC_Continue;
+#endif
   for(i=p->pOrderBy->nExpr-1; i>=0; i--){
     if( a[i].pExpr->flags & EP_Collate ) break;
   }
@@ -127640,6 +134509,9 @@ static int convertCompoundSelectToSubquery(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   p->pPrior = 0;
   p->pNext = 0;
   p->pWith = 0;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+  p->pWinDefn = 0;
+#endif
   p->selFlags &= ~SF_Compound;
   assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Converted)==0 );
   p->selFlags |= SF_Converted;
@@ -127664,9 +134536,9 @@ static int cannotBeFunction(Parse *pParse, struct SrcList_item *pFrom){
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
 /*
-** Argument pWith (which may be NULL) points to a linked list of nested 
-** WITH contexts, from inner to outermost. If the table identified by 
-** FROM clause element pItem is really a common-table-expression (CTE) 
+** Argument pWith (which may be NULL) points to a linked list of nested
+** WITH contexts, from inner to outermost. If the table identified by
+** FROM clause element pItem is really a common-table-expression (CTE)
 ** then return a pointer to the CTE definition for that table. Otherwise
 ** return NULL.
 **
@@ -127701,7 +134573,7 @@ static struct Cte *searchWith(
 ** onto the top of the stack. If argument bFree is true, then this
 ** WITH clause will never be popped from the stack. In this case it
 ** should be freed along with the Parse object. In other cases, when
-** bFree==0, the With object will be freed along with the SELECT 
+** bFree==0, the With object will be freed along with the SELECT
 ** statement with which it is associated.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WithPush(Parse *pParse, With *pWith, u8 bFree){
@@ -127715,7 +134587,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WithPush(Parse *pParse, With *pWith, u8 bFree){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function checks if argument pFrom refers to a CTE declared by 
+** This function checks if argument pFrom refers to a CTE declared by
 ** a WITH clause on the stack currently maintained by the parser. And,
 ** if currently processing a CTE expression, if it is a recursive
 ** reference to the current CTE.
@@ -127730,7 +134602,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WithPush(Parse *pParse, With *pWith, u8 bFree){
 ** parser and some error code other than SQLITE_OK returned.
 */
 static int withExpand(
-  Walker *pWalker, 
+  Walker *pWalker,
   struct SrcList_item *pFrom
 ){
   Parse *pParse = pWalker->pParse;
@@ -127739,6 +134611,9 @@ static int withExpand(
   With *pWith;                    /* WITH clause that pCte belongs to */
 
   assert( pFrom->pTab==0 );
+  if( pParse->nErr ){
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
 
   pCte = searchWith(pParse->pWith, pFrom, &pWith);
   if( pCte ){
@@ -127746,8 +134621,10 @@ static int withExpand(
     ExprList *pEList;
     Select *pSel;
     Select *pLeft;                /* Left-most SELECT statement */
+    Select *pRecTerm;             /* Left-most recursive term */
     int bMayRecursive;            /* True if compound joined by UNION [ALL] */
     With *pSavedWith;             /* Initial value of pParse->pWith */
+    int iRecTab = -1;             /* Cursor for recursive table */
 
     /* If pCte->zCteErr is non-NULL at this point, then this is an illegal
     ** recursive reference to CTE pCte. Leave an error in pParse and return
@@ -127772,44 +134649,48 @@ static int withExpand(
     assert( pFrom->pSelect );
 
     /* Check if this is a recursive CTE. */
-    pSel = pFrom->pSelect;
+    pRecTerm = pSel = pFrom->pSelect;
     bMayRecursive = ( pSel->op==TK_ALL || pSel->op==TK_UNION );
-    if( bMayRecursive ){
+    while( bMayRecursive && pRecTerm->op==pSel->op ){
       int i;
-      SrcList *pSrc = pFrom->pSelect->pSrc;
+      SrcList *pSrc = pRecTerm->pSrc;
+      assert( pRecTerm->pPrior!=0 );
       for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc; i++){
         struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pSrc->a[i];
-        if( pItem->zDatabase==0 
-         && pItem->zName!=0 
+        if( pItem->zDatabase==0
+         && pItem->zName!=0
          && 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pItem->zName, pCte->zName)
-          ){
+        ){
           pItem->pTab = pTab;
-          pItem->fg.isRecursive = 1;
           pTab->nTabRef++;
-          pSel->selFlags |= SF_Recursive;
+          pItem->fg.isRecursive = 1;
+          if( pRecTerm->selFlags & SF_Recursive ){
+            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+               "multiple references to recursive table: %s", pCte->zName
+            );
+            return SQLITE_ERROR;
+          }
+          pRecTerm->selFlags |= SF_Recursive;
+          if( iRecTab<0 ) iRecTab = pParse->nTab++;
+          pItem->iCursor = iRecTab;
         }
       }
+      if( (pRecTerm->selFlags & SF_Recursive)==0 ) break;
+      pRecTerm = pRecTerm->pPrior;
     }
 
-    /* Only one recursive reference is permitted. */ 
-    if( pTab->nTabRef>2 ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(
-          pParse, "multiple references to recursive table: %s", pCte->zName
-      );
-      return SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-    assert( pTab->nTabRef==1 || 
-            ((pSel->selFlags&SF_Recursive) && pTab->nTabRef==2 ));
-
     pCte->zCteErr = "circular reference: %s";
     pSavedWith = pParse->pWith;
     pParse->pWith = pWith;
-    if( bMayRecursive ){
-      Select *pPrior = pSel->pPrior;
-      assert( pPrior->pWith==0 );
-      pPrior->pWith = pSel->pWith;
-      sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pPrior);
-      pPrior->pWith = 0;
+    if( pSel->selFlags & SF_Recursive ){
+      assert( pRecTerm!=0 );
+      assert( (pRecTerm->selFlags & SF_Recursive)==0 );
+      assert( pRecTerm->pNext!=0 );
+      assert( (pRecTerm->pNext->selFlags & SF_Recursive)!=0 );
+      assert( pRecTerm->pWith==0 );
+      pRecTerm->pWith = pSel->pWith;
+      sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pRecTerm);
+      pRecTerm->pWith = 0;
     }else{
       sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pSel);
     }
@@ -127847,19 +134728,19 @@ static int withExpand(
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
 /*
-** If the SELECT passed as the second argument has an associated WITH 
+** If the SELECT passed as the second argument has an associated WITH
 ** clause, pop it from the stack stored as part of the Parse object.
 **
 ** This function is used as the xSelectCallback2() callback by
 ** sqlite3SelectExpand() when walking a SELECT tree to resolve table
-** names and other FROM clause elements. 
+** names and other FROM clause elements.
 */
 static void selectPopWith(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   Parse *pParse = pWalker->pParse;
   if( OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(pParse->pWith) && p->pPrior==0 ){
     With *pWith = findRightmost(p)->pWith;
     if( pWith!=0 ){
-      assert( pParse->pWith==pWith );
+      assert( pParse->pWith==pWith || pParse->nErr );
       pParse->pWith = pWith->pOuter;
     }
   }
@@ -127894,7 +134775,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExpandSubquery(Parse *pParse, struct SrcList_item *pFr
   pTab->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
   pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral;
 
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+  return pParse->nErr ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -127904,7 +134785,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExpandSubquery(Parse *pParse, struct SrcList_item *pFr
 **    (1)  Make sure VDBE cursor numbers have been assigned to every
 **         element of the FROM clause.
 **
-**    (2)  Fill in the pTabList->a[].pTab fields in the SrcList that 
+**    (2)  Fill in the pTabList->a[].pTab fields in the SrcList that
 **         defines FROM clause.  When views appear in the FROM clause,
 **         fill pTabList->a[].pSelect with a copy of the SELECT statement
 **         that implements the view.  A copy is made of the view's SELECT
@@ -127940,6 +134821,10 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   if( (selFlags & SF_Expanded)!=0 ){
     return WRC_Prune;
   }
+  if( pWalker->eCode ){
+    /* Renumber selId because it has been copied from a view */
+    p->selId = ++pParse->nSelect;
+  }
   pTabList = p->pSrc;
   pEList = p->pEList;
   sqlite3WithPush(pParse, p->pWith, 0);
@@ -127956,8 +134841,8 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   for(i=0, pFrom=pTabList->a; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++, pFrom++){
     Table *pTab;
     assert( pFrom->fg.isRecursive==0 || pFrom->pTab!=0 );
-    if( pFrom->fg.isRecursive ) continue;
-    assert( pFrom->pTab==0 );
+    if( pFrom->pTab ) continue;
+    assert( pFrom->fg.isRecursive==0 );
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
     if( withExpand(pWalker, pFrom) ) return WRC_Abort;
     if( pFrom->pTab ) {} else
@@ -127986,15 +134871,32 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
       if( !IsVirtual(pTab) && cannotBeFunction(pParse, pFrom) ){
         return WRC_Abort;
       }
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined (SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
       if( IsVirtual(pTab) || pTab->pSelect ){
         i16 nCol;
+        u8 eCodeOrig = pWalker->eCode;
         if( sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab) ) return WRC_Abort;
         assert( pFrom->pSelect==0 );
+        if( pTab->pSelect && (db->flags & SQLITE_EnableView)==0 ){
+          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "access to view \"%s\" prohibited",
+            pTab->zName);
+        }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+        if( IsVirtual(pTab)
+         && pFrom->fg.fromDDL
+         && ALWAYS(pTab->pVTable!=0)
+         && pTab->pVTable->eVtabRisk > ((db->flags & SQLITE_TrustedSchema)!=0)
+        ){
+          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unsafe use of virtual table \"%s\"",
+                                  pTab->zName);
+        }
+#endif
         pFrom->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pTab->pSelect, 0);
         nCol = pTab->nCol;
         pTab->nCol = -1;
+        pWalker->eCode = 1;  /* Turn on Select.selId renumbering */
         sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pFrom->pSelect);
+        pWalker->eCode = eCodeOrig;
         pTab->nCol = nCol;
       }
 #endif
@@ -128008,7 +134910,7 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
 
   /* Process NATURAL keywords, and ON and USING clauses of joins.
   */
-  if( db->mallocFailed || sqliteProcessJoin(pParse, p) ){
+  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed || sqliteProcessJoin(pParse, p) ){
     return WRC_Abort;
   }
 
@@ -128055,10 +134957,9 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
         */
         pNew = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pNew, a[k].pExpr);
         if( pNew ){
-          pNew->a[pNew->nExpr-1].zName = a[k].zName;
-          pNew->a[pNew->nExpr-1].zSpan = a[k].zSpan;
-          a[k].zName = 0;
-          a[k].zSpan = 0;
+          pNew->a[pNew->nExpr-1].zEName = a[k].zEName;
+          pNew->a[pNew->nExpr-1].eEName = a[k].eEName;
+          a[k].zEName = 0;
         }
         a[k].pExpr = 0;
       }else{
@@ -128097,7 +134998,7 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
 
             assert( zName );
             if( zTName && pSub
-             && sqlite3MatchSpanName(pSub->pEList->a[j].zSpan, 0, zTName, 0)==0
+             && sqlite3MatchEName(&pSub->pEList->a[j], 0, zTName, 0)==0
             ){
               continue;
             }
@@ -128107,7 +135008,7 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
             ** bit set.
             */
             if( (p->selFlags & SF_IncludeHidden)==0
-             && IsHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[j]) 
+             && IsHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[j])
             ){
               continue;
             }
@@ -128115,9 +135016,9 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
 
             if( i>0 && zTName==0 ){
               if( (pFrom->fg.jointype & JT_NATURAL)!=0
-                && tableAndColumnIndex(pTabList, i, zName, 0, 0)
+                && tableAndColumnIndex(pTabList, i, zName, 0, 0, 1)
               ){
-                /* In a NATURAL join, omit the join columns from the 
+                /* In a NATURAL join, omit the join columns from the
                 ** table to the right of the join */
                 continue;
               }
@@ -128148,17 +135049,18 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
             pNew = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pNew, pExpr);
             sqlite3TokenInit(&sColname, zColname);
             sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, pNew, &sColname, 0);
-            if( pNew && (p->selFlags & SF_NestedFrom)!=0 ){
+            if( pNew && (p->selFlags & SF_NestedFrom)!=0 && !IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
               struct ExprList_item *pX = &pNew->a[pNew->nExpr-1];
+              sqlite3DbFree(db, pX->zEName);
               if( pSub ){
-                pX->zSpan = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pSub->pEList->a[j].zSpan);
-                testcase( pX->zSpan==0 );
+                pX->zEName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pSub->pEList->a[j].zEName);
+                testcase( pX->zEName==0 );
               }else{
-                pX->zSpan = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s.%s.%s",
+                pX->zEName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s.%s.%s",
                                            zSchemaName, zTabName, zColname);
-                testcase( pX->zSpan==0 );
+                testcase( pX->zEName==0 );
               }
-              pX->bSpanIsTab = 1;
+              pX->eEName = ENAME_TAB;
             }
             sqlite3DbFree(db, zToFree);
           }
@@ -128187,29 +135089,6 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
 
-/*
-** No-op routine for the parse-tree walker.
-**
-** When this routine is the Walker.xExprCallback then expression trees
-** are walked without any actions being taken at each node.  Presumably,
-** when this routine is used for Walker.xExprCallback then 
-** Walker.xSelectCallback is set to do something useful for every 
-** subquery in the parser tree.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker *NotUsed, Expr *NotUsed2){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  return WRC_Continue;
-}
-
-/*
-** No-op routine for the parse-tree walker for SELECT statements.
-** subquery in the parser tree.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker *NotUsed, Select *NotUsed2){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
-  return WRC_Continue;
-}
-
 #if SQLITE_DEBUG
 /*
 ** Always assert.  This xSelectCallback2 implementation proves that the
@@ -128244,6 +135123,7 @@ static void sqlite3SelectExpand(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect){
   }
   w.xSelectCallback = selectExpander;
   w.xSelectCallback2 = selectPopWith;
+  w.eCode = 0;
   sqlite3WalkSelect(&w, pSelect);
 }
 
@@ -128281,7 +135161,8 @@ static void selectAddSubqueryTypeInfo(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
       Select *pSel = pFrom->pSelect;
       if( pSel ){
         while( pSel->pPrior ) pSel = pSel->pPrior;
-        sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(pParse, pTab, pSel);
+        sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(pParse, pTab, pSel,
+                                               SQLITE_AFF_NONE);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -128349,6 +135230,7 @@ static void resetAccumulator(Parse *pParse, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
   struct AggInfo_func *pFunc;
   int nReg = pAggInfo->nFunc + pAggInfo->nColumn;
   if( nReg==0 ) return;
+  if( pParse->nErr || pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return;
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   /* Verify that all AggInfo registers are within the range specified by
   ** AggInfo.mnReg..AggInfo.mxReg */
@@ -128365,7 +135247,7 @@ static void resetAccumulator(Parse *pParse, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, pAggInfo->mnReg, pAggInfo->mxReg);
   for(pFunc=pAggInfo->aFunc, i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pFunc++){
     if( pFunc->iDistinct>=0 ){
-      Expr *pE = pFunc->pExpr;
+      Expr *pE = pFunc->pFExpr;
       assert( !ExprHasProperty(pE, EP_xIsSelect) );
       if( pE->x.pList==0 || pE->x.pList->nExpr!=1 ){
         sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "DISTINCT aggregates must have exactly one "
@@ -128389,8 +135271,8 @@ static void finalizeAggFunctions(Parse *pParse, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
   int i;
   struct AggInfo_func *pF;
   for(i=0, pF=pAggInfo->aFunc; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pF++){
-    ExprList *pList = pF->pExpr->x.pList;
-    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pF->pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
+    ExprList *pList = pF->pFExpr->x.pList;
+    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pF->pFExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AggFinal, pF->iMem, pList ? pList->nExpr : 0);
     sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pF->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
   }
@@ -128403,7 +135285,7 @@ static void finalizeAggFunctions(Parse *pParse, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
 **
 ** If regAcc is non-zero and there are no min() or max() aggregates
 ** in pAggInfo, then only populate the pAggInfo->nAccumulator accumulator
-** registers i register regAcc contains 0. The caller will take care
+** registers if register regAcc contains 0. The caller will take care
 ** of setting and clearing regAcc.
 */
 static void updateAccumulator(Parse *pParse, int regAcc, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
@@ -128419,8 +135301,31 @@ static void updateAccumulator(Parse *pParse, int regAcc, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
     int nArg;
     int addrNext = 0;
     int regAgg;
-    ExprList *pList = pF->pExpr->x.pList;
-    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pF->pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
+    ExprList *pList = pF->pFExpr->x.pList;
+    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pF->pFExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
+    assert( !IsWindowFunc(pF->pFExpr) );
+    if( ExprHasProperty(pF->pFExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
+      Expr *pFilter = pF->pFExpr->y.pWin->pFilter;
+      if( pAggInfo->nAccumulator
+       && (pF->pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)
+       && regAcc
+      ){
+        /* If regAcc==0, there there exists some min() or max() function
+        ** without a FILTER clause that will ensure the magnet registers
+        ** are populated. */
+        if( regHit==0 ) regHit = ++pParse->nMem;
+        /* If this is the first row of the group (regAcc contains 0), clear the
+        ** "magnet" register regHit so that the accumulator registers
+        ** are populated if the FILTER clause jumps over the the
+        ** invocation of min() or max() altogether. Or, if this is not
+        ** the first row (regAcc contains 1), set the magnet register so that
+        ** the accumulators are not populated unless the min()/max() is invoked
+        ** and indicates that they should be.  */
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, regAcc, regHit);
+      }
+      addrNext = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pFilter, addrNext, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
+    }
     if( pList ){
       nArg = pList->nExpr;
       regAgg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nArg);
@@ -128430,7 +135335,9 @@ static void updateAccumulator(Parse *pParse, int regAcc, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
       regAgg = 0;
     }
     if( pF->iDistinct>=0 ){
-      addrNext = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+      if( addrNext==0 ){
+        addrNext = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+      }
       testcase( nArg==0 );  /* Error condition */
       testcase( nArg>1 );   /* Also an error */
       codeDistinct(pParse, pF->iDistinct, addrNext, 1, regAgg);
@@ -128464,11 +135371,12 @@ static void updateAccumulator(Parse *pParse, int regAcc, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
     addrHitTest = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, regHit); VdbeCoverage(v);
   }
   for(i=0, pC=pAggInfo->aCol; i<pAggInfo->nAccumulator; i++, pC++){
-    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pC->pExpr, pC->iMem);
+    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pC->pCExpr, pC->iMem);
   }
+
   pAggInfo->directMode = 0;
   if( addrHitTest ){
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrHitTest);
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHereOrPopInst(v, addrHitTest);
   }
 }
 
@@ -128498,10 +135406,10 @@ static void explainSimpleCount(
 /*
 ** sqlite3WalkExpr() callback used by havingToWhere().
 **
-** If the node passed to the callback is a TK_AND node, return 
+** If the node passed to the callback is a TK_AND node, return
 ** WRC_Continue to tell sqlite3WalkExpr() to iterate through child nodes.
 **
-** Otherwise, return WRC_Prune. In this case, also check if the 
+** Otherwise, return WRC_Prune. In this case, also check if the
 ** sub-expression matches the criteria for being moved to the WHERE
 ** clause. If so, add it to the WHERE clause and replace the sub-expression
 ** within the HAVING expression with a constant "1".
@@ -128511,11 +135419,11 @@ static int havingToWhereExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
     Select *pS = pWalker->u.pSelect;
     if( sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(pWalker->pParse, pExpr, pS->pGroupBy) ){
       sqlite3 *db = pWalker->pParse->db;
-      Expr *pNew = sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_INTEGER, &sqlite3IntTokens[1], 0);
+      Expr *pNew = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_INTEGER, "1");
       if( pNew ){
         Expr *pWhere = pS->pWhere;
         SWAP(Expr, *pNew, *pExpr);
-        pNew = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pWhere, pNew);
+        pNew = sqlite3ExprAnd(pWalker->pParse, pWhere, pNew);
         pS->pWhere = pNew;
         pWalker->eCode = 1;
       }
@@ -128548,7 +135456,7 @@ static void havingToWhere(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
   sWalker.u.pSelect = p;
   sqlite3WalkExpr(&sWalker, p->pHaving);
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
-  if( sWalker.eCode && (sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100)!=0 ){
+  if( sWalker.eCode && (sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace & 0x100)!=0 ){
     SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p,("Move HAVING terms into WHERE:\n"));
     sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
   }
@@ -128566,13 +135474,22 @@ static struct SrcList_item *isSelfJoinView(
 ){
   struct SrcList_item *pItem;
   for(pItem = pTabList->a; pItem<pThis; pItem++){
+    Select *pS1;
     if( pItem->pSelect==0 ) continue;
     if( pItem->fg.viaCoroutine ) continue;
     if( pItem->zName==0 ) continue;
-    if( sqlite3_stricmp(pItem->zDatabase, pThis->zDatabase)!=0 ) continue;
+    assert( pItem->pTab!=0 );
+    assert( pThis->pTab!=0 );
+    if( pItem->pTab->pSchema!=pThis->pTab->pSchema ) continue;
     if( sqlite3_stricmp(pItem->zName, pThis->zName)!=0 ) continue;
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, 
-          pThis->pSelect->pWhere, pItem->pSelect->pWhere, -1) 
+    pS1 = pItem->pSelect;
+    if( pItem->pTab->pSchema==0 && pThis->pSelect->selId!=pS1->selId ){
+      /* The query flattener left two different CTE tables with identical
+      ** names in the same FROM clause. */
+      continue;
+    }
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pThis->pSelect->pWhere, pS1->pWhere, -1)
+     || sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pThis->pSelect->pHaving, pS1->pHaving, -1)
     ){
       /* The view was modified by some other optimization such as
       ** pushDownWhereTerms() */
@@ -128598,7 +135515,8 @@ static struct SrcList_item *isSelfJoinView(
 **   *  The subquery is a UNION ALL of two or more terms
 **   *  The subquery does not have a LIMIT clause
 **   *  There is no WHERE or GROUP BY or HAVING clauses on the subqueries
-**   *  The outer query is a simple count(*)
+**   *  The outer query is a simple count(*) with no WHERE clause or other
+**      extraneous syntax.
 **
 ** Return TRUE if the optimization is undertaken.
 */
@@ -128609,6 +135527,8 @@ static int countOfViewOptimization(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
   sqlite3 *db;
   if( (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)==0 ) return 0;   /* This is an aggregate */
   if( p->pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return 0;               /* Single result column */
+  if( p->pWhere ) return 0;
+  if( p->pGroupBy ) return 0;
   pExpr = p->pEList->a[0].pExpr;
   if( pExpr->op!=TK_AGG_FUNCTION ) return 0;        /* Result is an aggregate */
   if( sqlite3_stricmp(pExpr->u.zToken,"count") ) return 0;  /* Is count() */
@@ -128658,7 +135578,7 @@ static int countOfViewOptimization(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
   p->selFlags &= ~SF_Aggregate;
 
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
-  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x400 ){
+  if( sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace & 0x400 ){
     SELECTTRACE(0x400,pParse,p,("After count-of-view optimization:\n"));
     sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
   }
@@ -128668,7 +135588,7 @@ static int countOfViewOptimization(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
 #endif /* SQLITE_COUNTOFVIEW_OPTIMIZATION */
 
 /*
-** Generate code for the SELECT statement given in the p argument.  
+** Generate code for the SELECT statement given in the p argument.
 **
 ** The results are returned according to the SelectDest structure.
 ** See comments in sqliteInt.h for further information.
@@ -128694,10 +135614,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause.  May be NULL */
   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause.  May be NULL */
   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause.  May be NULL */
+  AggInfo *pAggInfo = 0; /* Aggregate information */
   int rc = 1;            /* Value to return from this function */
   DistinctCtx sDistinct; /* Info on how to code the DISTINCT keyword */
   SortCtx sSort;         /* Info on how to code the ORDER BY clause */
-  AggInfo sAggInfo;      /* Information used by aggregate queries */
   int iEnd;              /* Address of the end of the query */
   sqlite3 *db;           /* The database connection */
   ExprList *pMinMaxOrderBy = 0;  /* Added ORDER BY for min/max queries */
@@ -128709,10 +135629,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
     return 1;
   }
   if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_SELECT, 0, 0, 0) ) return 1;
-  memset(&sAggInfo, 0, sizeof(sAggInfo));
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
   SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p, ("begin processing:\n", pParse->addrExplain));
-  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100 ){
+  if( sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace & 0x100 ){
     sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
   }
 #endif
@@ -128721,16 +135640,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
   assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_Fifo );
   assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_DistQueue );
   assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_Queue );
-  if( IgnorableOrderby(pDest) ){
-    assert(pDest->eDest==SRT_Exists || pDest->eDest==SRT_Union || 
-           pDest->eDest==SRT_Except || pDest->eDest==SRT_Discard ||
-           pDest->eDest==SRT_Queue  || pDest->eDest==SRT_DistFifo ||
-           pDest->eDest==SRT_DistQueue || pDest->eDest==SRT_Fifo);
-    /* If ORDER BY makes no difference in the output then neither does
-    ** DISTINCT so it can be removed too. */
+  if( IgnorableDistinct(pDest) ){
+    assert(pDest->eDest==SRT_Exists     || pDest->eDest==SRT_Union ||
+           pDest->eDest==SRT_Except     || pDest->eDest==SRT_Discard ||
+           pDest->eDest==SRT_DistQueue  || pDest->eDest==SRT_DistFifo );
+    /* All of these destinations are also able to ignore the ORDER BY clause */
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pOrderBy);
     p->pOrderBy = 0;
     p->selFlags &= ~SF_Distinct;
+    p->selFlags |= SF_NoopOrderBy;
   }
   sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, p, 0);
   if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
@@ -128738,22 +135656,42 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
   }
   assert( p->pEList!=0 );
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
-  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x104 ){
+  if( sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace & 0x104 ){
     SELECTTRACE(0x104,pParse,p, ("after name resolution:\n"));
     sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
   }
 #endif
 
+  /* If the SF_UpdateFrom flag is set, then this function is being called
+  ** as part of populating the temp table for an UPDATE...FROM statement.
+  ** In this case, it is an error if the target object (pSrc->a[0]) name
+  ** or alias is duplicated within FROM clause (pSrc->a[1..n]).  */
+  if( p->selFlags & SF_UpdateFrom ){
+    struct SrcList_item *p0 = &p->pSrc->a[0];
+    for(i=1; i<p->pSrc->nSrc; i++){
+      struct SrcList_item *p1 = &p->pSrc->a[i];
+      if( p0->pTab==p1->pTab && 0==sqlite3_stricmp(p0->zAlias, p1->zAlias) ){
+        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+            "target object/alias may not appear in FROM clause: %s",
+            p0->zAlias ? p0->zAlias : p0->pTab->zName
+        );
+        goto select_end;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   if( pDest->eDest==SRT_Output ){
     generateColumnNames(pParse, p);
   }
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-  if( sqlite3WindowRewrite(pParse, p) ){
+  rc = sqlite3WindowRewrite(pParse, p);
+  if( rc ){
+    assert( db->mallocFailed || pParse->nErr>0 );
     goto select_end;
   }
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
-  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x108 ){
+  if( p->pWin && (sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace & 0x108)!=0 ){
     SELECTTRACE(0x104,pParse,p, ("after window rewrite:\n"));
     sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
   }
@@ -128764,7 +135702,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
   memset(&sSort, 0, sizeof(sSort));
   sSort.pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
 
-  /* Try to various optimizations (flattening subqueries, and strength
+  /* Try to do various optimizations (flattening subqueries, and strength
   ** reduction of join operators) in the FROM clause up into the main query
   */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
@@ -128773,6 +135711,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
     Select *pSub = pItem->pSelect;
     Table *pTab = pItem->pTab;
 
+    /* The expander should have already created transient Table objects
+    ** even for FROM clause elements such as subqueries that do not correspond
+    ** to a real table */
+    assert( pTab!=0 );
+
     /* Convert LEFT JOIN into JOIN if there are terms of the right table
     ** of the LEFT JOIN used in the WHERE clause.
     */
@@ -128835,6 +135778,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
     }
 
     if( flattenSubquery(pParse, p, i, isAgg) ){
+      if( pParse->nErr ) goto select_end;
       /* This subquery can be absorbed into its parent. */
       i = -1;
     }
@@ -128854,7 +135798,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
     rc = multiSelect(pParse, p, pDest);
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
     SELECTTRACE(0x1,pParse,p,("end compound-select processing\n"));
-    if( (sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x2000)!=0 && ExplainQueryPlanParent(pParse)==0 ){
+    if( (sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace & 0x2000)!=0 && ExplainQueryPlanParent(pParse)==0 ){
       sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
     }
 #endif
@@ -128873,7 +135817,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
    && propagateConstants(pParse, p)
   ){
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
-    if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100 ){
+    if( sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace & 0x100 ){
       SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p,("After constant propagation:\n"));
       sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
     }
@@ -128920,7 +135864,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
     ** assume the column name is non-NULL and segfault.  The use of an empty
     ** string for the fake column name seems safer.
     */
-    if( pItem->colUsed==0 ){
+    if( pItem->colUsed==0 && pItem->zName!=0 ){
       sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_READ, pItem->zName, "", pItem->zDatabase);
     }
 
@@ -128930,22 +135874,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
     pSub = pItem->pSelect;
     if( pSub==0 ) continue;
 
-    /* Sometimes the code for a subquery will be generated more than
-    ** once, if the subquery is part of the WHERE clause in a LEFT JOIN,
-    ** for example.  In that case, do not regenerate the code to manifest
-    ** a view or the co-routine to implement a view.  The first instance
-    ** is sufficient, though the subroutine to manifest the view does need
-    ** to be invoked again. */
-    if( pItem->addrFillSub ){
-      if( pItem->fg.viaCoroutine==0 ){
-        /* The subroutine that manifests the view might be a one-time routine,
-        ** or it might need to be rerun on each iteration because it
-        ** encodes a correlated subquery. */
-        testcase( sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, pItem->addrFillSub)->opcode==OP_Once );
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pItem->regReturn, pItem->addrFillSub);
-      }
-      continue;
-    }
+    /* The code for a subquery should only be generated once, though it is
+    ** technically harmless for it to be generated multiple times. The
+    ** following assert() will detect if something changes to cause
+    ** the same subquery to be coded multiple times, as a signal to the
+    ** developers to try to optimize the situation.
+    **
+    ** Update 2019-07-24:
+    ** See ticket https://sqlite.org/src/tktview/c52b09c7f38903b1311cec40.
+    ** The dbsqlfuzz fuzzer found a case where the same subquery gets
+    ** coded twice.  So this assert() now becomes a testcase().  It should
+    ** be very rare, though.
+    */
+    testcase( pItem->addrFillSub!=0 );
 
     /* Increment Parse.nHeight by the height of the largest expression
     ** tree referred to by this, the parent select. The child select
@@ -128964,7 +135905,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
                            (pItem->fg.jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0)
     ){
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
-      if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100 ){
+      if( sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace & 0x100 ){
         SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p,
             ("After WHERE-clause push-down into subquery %d:\n", pSub->selId));
         sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
@@ -128994,7 +135935,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
       ** set on each invocation.
       */
       int addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1;
-     
+
       pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, pItem->regReturn, 0, addrTop);
       VdbeComment((v, "%s", pItem->pTab->zName));
@@ -129019,7 +135960,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
       int retAddr;
       struct SrcList_item *pPrior;
 
-      assert( pItem->addrFillSub==0 );
+      testcase( pItem->addrFillSub==0 ); /* Ticket c52b09c7f38903b1311 */
       pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
       topAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pItem->regReturn);
       pItem->addrFillSub = topAddr+1;
@@ -129064,13 +136005,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
   sDistinct.isTnct = (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0;
 
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
-  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x400 ){
+  if( sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace & 0x400 ){
     SELECTTRACE(0x400,pParse,p,("After all FROM-clause analysis:\n"));
     sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
   }
 #endif
 
-  /* If the query is DISTINCT with an ORDER BY but is not an aggregate, and 
+  /* If the query is DISTINCT with an ORDER BY but is not an aggregate, and
   ** if the select-list is the same as the ORDER BY list, then this query
   ** can be rewritten as a GROUP BY. In other words, this:
   **
@@ -129080,23 +136021,27 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
   **
   **     SELECT xyz FROM ... GROUP BY xyz ORDER BY xyz
   **
-  ** The second form is preferred as a single index (or temp-table) may be 
-  ** used for both the ORDER BY and DISTINCT processing. As originally 
-  ** written the query must use a temp-table for at least one of the ORDER 
+  ** The second form is preferred as a single index (or temp-table) may be
+  ** used for both the ORDER BY and DISTINCT processing. As originally
+  ** written the query must use a temp-table for at least one of the ORDER
   ** BY and DISTINCT, and an index or separate temp-table for the other.
   */
-  if( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct 
+  if( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct
    && sqlite3ExprListCompare(sSort.pOrderBy, pEList, -1)==0
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+   && p->pWin==0
+#endif
   ){
     p->selFlags &= ~SF_Distinct;
     pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pEList, 0);
+    p->selFlags |= SF_Aggregate;
     /* Notice that even thought SF_Distinct has been cleared from p->selFlags,
     ** the sDistinct.isTnct is still set.  Hence, isTnct represents the
     ** original setting of the SF_Distinct flag, not the current setting */
     assert( sDistinct.isTnct );
 
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
-    if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x400 ){
+    if( sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace & 0x400 ){
       SELECTTRACE(0x400,pParse,p,("Transform DISTINCT into GROUP BY:\n"));
       sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
     }
@@ -129133,7 +136078,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
 
   /* Set the limiter.
   */
-  iEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+  iEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
   if( (p->selFlags & SF_FixedLimit)==0 ){
     p->nSelectRow = 320;  /* 4 billion rows */
   }
@@ -129162,9 +136107,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
     u16 wctrlFlags = (sDistinct.isTnct ? WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT : 0)
                    | (p->selFlags & SF_FixedLimit);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-    Window *pWin = p->pWin;      /* Master window object (or NULL) */
+    Window *pWin = p->pWin;      /* Main window object (or NULL) */
     if( pWin ){
-      sqlite3WindowCodeInit(pParse, pWin);
+      sqlite3WindowCodeInit(pParse, p);
     }
 #endif
     assert( WHERE_USE_LIMIT==SF_FixedLimit );
@@ -129189,7 +136134,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
       }
     }
 
-    /* If sorting index that was created by a prior OP_OpenEphemeral 
+    /* If sorting index that was created by a prior OP_OpenEphemeral
     ** instruction ended up not being needed, then change the OP_OpenEphemeral
     ** into an OP_Noop.
     */
@@ -129200,9 +136145,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
     assert( p->pEList==pEList );
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
     if( pWin ){
-      int addrGosub = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      int iCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      int iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+      int addrGosub = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+      int iCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+      int iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
       int regGosub = ++pParse->nMem;
 
       sqlite3WindowCodeStep(pParse, p, pWInfo, regGosub, addrGosub);
@@ -129259,38 +136204,57 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
       }
       assert( 66==sqlite3LogEst(100) );
       if( p->nSelectRow>66 ) p->nSelectRow = 66;
+
+      /* If there is both a GROUP BY and an ORDER BY clause and they are
+      ** identical, then it may be possible to disable the ORDER BY clause
+      ** on the grounds that the GROUP BY will cause elements to come out
+      ** in the correct order. It also may not - the GROUP BY might use a
+      ** database index that causes rows to be grouped together as required
+      ** but not actually sorted. Either way, record the fact that the
+      ** ORDER BY and GROUP BY clauses are the same by setting the orderByGrp
+      ** variable.  */
+      if( sSort.pOrderBy && pGroupBy->nExpr==sSort.pOrderBy->nExpr ){
+        int ii;
+        /* The GROUP BY processing doesn't care whether rows are delivered in
+        ** ASC or DESC order - only that each group is returned contiguously.
+        ** So set the ASC/DESC flags in the GROUP BY to match those in the
+        ** ORDER BY to maximize the chances of rows being delivered in an
+        ** order that makes the ORDER BY redundant.  */
+        for(ii=0; ii<pGroupBy->nExpr; ii++){
+          u8 sortFlags = sSort.pOrderBy->a[ii].sortFlags & KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC;
+          pGroupBy->a[ii].sortFlags = sortFlags;
+        }
+        if( sqlite3ExprListCompare(pGroupBy, sSort.pOrderBy, -1)==0 ){
+          orderByGrp = 1;
+        }
+      }
     }else{
       assert( 0==sqlite3LogEst(1) );
       p->nSelectRow = 0;
     }
 
-    /* If there is both a GROUP BY and an ORDER BY clause and they are
-    ** identical, then it may be possible to disable the ORDER BY clause 
-    ** on the grounds that the GROUP BY will cause elements to come out 
-    ** in the correct order. It also may not - the GROUP BY might use a
-    ** database index that causes rows to be grouped together as required
-    ** but not actually sorted. Either way, record the fact that the
-    ** ORDER BY and GROUP BY clauses are the same by setting the orderByGrp
-    ** variable.  */
-    if( sqlite3ExprListCompare(pGroupBy, sSort.pOrderBy, -1)==0 ){
-      orderByGrp = 1;
-    }
- 
     /* Create a label to jump to when we want to abort the query */
-    addrEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+    addrEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
 
     /* Convert TK_COLUMN nodes into TK_AGG_COLUMN and make entries in
     ** sAggInfo for all TK_AGG_FUNCTION nodes in expressions of the
     ** SELECT statement.
     */
+    pAggInfo = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*pAggInfo) );
+    if( pAggInfo==0 ){
+      goto select_end;
+    }
+    pAggInfo->pNext = pParse->pAggList;
+    pParse->pAggList = pAggInfo;
+    pAggInfo->selId = p->selId;
     memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
     sNC.pParse = pParse;
     sNC.pSrcList = pTabList;
-    sNC.uNC.pAggInfo = &sAggInfo;
+    sNC.uNC.pAggInfo = pAggInfo;
     VVA_ONLY( sNC.ncFlags = NC_UAggInfo; )
-    sAggInfo.mnReg = pParse->nMem+1;
-    sAggInfo.nSortingColumn = pGroupBy ? pGroupBy->nExpr : 0;
-    sAggInfo.pGroupBy = pGroupBy;
+    pAggInfo->mnReg = pParse->nMem+1;
+    pAggInfo->nSortingColumn = pGroupBy ? pGroupBy->nExpr : 0;
+    pAggInfo->pGroupBy = pGroupBy;
     sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, pEList);
     sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, sSort.pOrderBy);
     if( pHaving ){
@@ -129303,34 +136267,41 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
       }
       sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(&sNC, pHaving);
     }
-    sAggInfo.nAccumulator = sAggInfo.nColumn;
-    if( p->pGroupBy==0 && p->pHaving==0 && sAggInfo.nFunc==1 ){
-      minMaxFlag = minMaxQuery(db, sAggInfo.aFunc[0].pExpr, &pMinMaxOrderBy);
+    pAggInfo->nAccumulator = pAggInfo->nColumn;
+    if( p->pGroupBy==0 && p->pHaving==0 && pAggInfo->nFunc==1 ){
+      minMaxFlag = minMaxQuery(db, pAggInfo->aFunc[0].pFExpr, &pMinMaxOrderBy);
     }else{
       minMaxFlag = WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;
     }
-    for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nFunc; i++){
-      assert( !ExprHasProperty(sAggInfo.aFunc[i].pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
+    for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++){
+      Expr *pExpr = pAggInfo->aFunc[i].pFExpr;
+      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
       sNC.ncFlags |= NC_InAggFunc;
-      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, sAggInfo.aFunc[i].pExpr->x.pList);
+      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, pExpr->x.pList);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+      assert( !IsWindowFunc(pExpr) );
+      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
+        sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(&sNC, pExpr->y.pWin->pFilter);
+      }
+#endif
       sNC.ncFlags &= ~NC_InAggFunc;
     }
-    sAggInfo.mxReg = pParse->nMem;
+    pAggInfo->mxReg = pParse->nMem;
     if( db->mallocFailed ) goto select_end;
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
-    if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x400 ){
+    if( sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace & 0x400 ){
       int ii;
-      SELECTTRACE(0x400,pParse,p,("After aggregate analysis:\n"));
+      SELECTTRACE(0x400,pParse,p,("After aggregate analysis %p:\n", pAggInfo));
       sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
-      for(ii=0; ii<sAggInfo.nColumn; ii++){
+      for(ii=0; ii<pAggInfo->nColumn; ii++){
         sqlite3DebugPrintf("agg-column[%d] iMem=%d\n",
-            ii, sAggInfo.aCol[ii].iMem);
-        sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, sAggInfo.aCol[ii].pExpr, 0);
+            ii, pAggInfo->aCol[ii].iMem);
+        sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, pAggInfo->aCol[ii].pCExpr, 0);
       }
-      for(ii=0; ii<sAggInfo.nFunc; ii++){
+      for(ii=0; ii<pAggInfo->nFunc; ii++){
         sqlite3DebugPrintf("agg-func[%d]: iMem=%d\n",
-            ii, sAggInfo.aFunc[ii].iMem);
-        sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, sAggInfo.aFunc[ii].pExpr, 0);
+            ii, pAggInfo->aFunc[ii].iMem);
+        sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, pAggInfo->aFunc[ii].pFExpr, 0);
       }
     }
 #endif
@@ -129353,12 +136324,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
       /* If there is a GROUP BY clause we might need a sorting index to
       ** implement it.  Allocate that sorting index now.  If it turns out
       ** that we do not need it after all, the OP_SorterOpen instruction
-      ** will be converted into a Noop.  
+      ** will be converted into a Noop.
       */
-      sAggInfo.sortingIdx = pParse->nTab++;
-      pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(pParse,pGroupBy,0,sAggInfo.nColumn);
-      addrSortingIdx = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_SorterOpen, 
-          sAggInfo.sortingIdx, sAggInfo.nSortingColumn, 
+      pAggInfo->sortingIdx = pParse->nTab++;
+      pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pGroupBy,
+                                            0, pAggInfo->nColumn);
+      addrSortingIdx = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_SorterOpen,
+          pAggInfo->sortingIdx, pAggInfo->nSortingColumn,
           0, (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
 
       /* Initialize memory locations used by GROUP BY aggregate processing
@@ -129366,9 +136338,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
       iUseFlag = ++pParse->nMem;
       iAbortFlag = ++pParse->nMem;
       regOutputRow = ++pParse->nMem;
-      addrOutputRow = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+      addrOutputRow = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
       regReset = ++pParse->nMem;
-      addrReset = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+      addrReset = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
       iAMem = pParse->nMem + 1;
       pParse->nMem += pGroupBy->nExpr;
       iBMem = pParse->nMem + 1;
@@ -129405,7 +136377,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
         int nCol;
         int nGroupBy;
 
-        explainTempTable(pParse, 
+        explainTempTable(pParse,
             (sDistinct.isTnct && (p->selFlags&SF_Distinct)==0) ?
                     "DISTINCT" : "GROUP BY");
 
@@ -129413,8 +136385,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
         nGroupBy = pGroupBy->nExpr;
         nCol = nGroupBy;
         j = nGroupBy;
-        for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nColumn; i++){
-          if( sAggInfo.aCol[i].iSorterColumn>=j ){
+        for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nColumn; i++){
+          if( pAggInfo->aCol[i].iSorterColumn>=j ){
             nCol++;
             j++;
           }
@@ -129422,8 +136394,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
         regBase = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nCol);
         sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pGroupBy, regBase, 0, 0);
         j = nGroupBy;
-        for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nColumn; i++){
-          struct AggInfo_col *pCol = &sAggInfo.aCol[i];
+        for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nColumn; i++){
+          struct AggInfo_col *pCol = &pAggInfo->aCol[i];
           if( pCol->iSorterColumn>=j ){
             int r1 = j + regBase;
             sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v,
@@ -129433,16 +136405,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
         }
         regRecord = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regBase, nCol, regRecord);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterInsert, sAggInfo.sortingIdx, regRecord);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterInsert, pAggInfo->sortingIdx, regRecord);
         sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
         sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regBase, nCol);
         sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
-        sAggInfo.sortingIdxPTab = sortPTab = pParse->nTab++;
+        pAggInfo->sortingIdxPTab = sortPTab = pParse->nTab++;
         sortOut = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, sortPTab, sortOut, nCol);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterSort, sAggInfo.sortingIdx, addrEnd);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterSort, pAggInfo->sortingIdx, addrEnd);
         VdbeComment((v, "GROUP BY sort")); VdbeCoverage(v);
-        sAggInfo.useSortingIdx = 1;
+        pAggInfo->useSortingIdx = 1;
       }
 
       /* If the index or temporary table used by the GROUP BY sort
@@ -129450,9 +136422,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
       ** clause, cancel the ephemeral table open coded earlier.
       **
       ** This is an optimization - the correct answer should result regardless.
-      ** Use the SQLITE_GroupByOrder flag with SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZER to 
+      ** Use the SQLITE_GroupByOrder flag with SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZER to
       ** disable this optimization for testing purposes.  */
-      if( orderByGrp && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_GroupByOrder) 
+      if( orderByGrp && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_GroupByOrder)
        && (groupBySort || sqlite3WhereIsSorted(pWInfo))
       ){
         sSort.pOrderBy = 0;
@@ -129466,14 +136438,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
       */
       addrTopOfLoop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
       if( groupBySort ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SorterData, sAggInfo.sortingIdx,
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SorterData, pAggInfo->sortingIdx,
                           sortOut, sortPTab);
       }
       for(j=0; j<pGroupBy->nExpr; j++){
         if( groupBySort ){
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, sortPTab, j, iBMem+j);
         }else{
-          sAggInfo.directMode = 1;
+          pAggInfo->directMode = 1;
           sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pGroupBy->a[j].pExpr, iBMem+j);
         }
       }
@@ -129503,14 +136475,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
       ** the current row
       */
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
-      updateAccumulator(pParse, iUseFlag, &sAggInfo);
+      updateAccumulator(pParse, iUseFlag, pAggInfo);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, iUseFlag);
       VdbeComment((v, "indicate data in accumulator"));
 
       /* End of the loop
       */
       if( groupBySort ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterNext, sAggInfo.sortingIdx, addrTopOfLoop);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterNext, pAggInfo->sortingIdx, addrTopOfLoop);
         VdbeCoverage(v);
       }else{
         sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
@@ -129543,7 +136515,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
       VdbeCoverage(v);
       VdbeComment((v, "Groupby result generator entry point"));
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
-      finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, &sAggInfo);
+      finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, pAggInfo);
       sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrOutputRow+1, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
       selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, -1, &sSort,
                       &sDistinct, pDest,
@@ -129554,16 +136526,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
       /* Generate a subroutine that will reset the group-by accumulator
       */
       sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrReset);
-      resetAccumulator(pParse, &sAggInfo);
+      resetAccumulator(pParse, pAggInfo);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, iUseFlag);
       VdbeComment((v, "indicate accumulator empty"));
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regReset);
-     
+
     } /* endif pGroupBy.  Begin aggregate queries without GROUP BY: */
     else {
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
       Table *pTab;
-      if( (pTab = isSimpleCount(p, &sAggInfo))!=0 ){
+      if( (pTab = isSimpleCount(p, pAggInfo))!=0 ){
         /* If isSimpleCount() returns a pointer to a Table structure, then
         ** the SQL statement is of the form:
         **
@@ -129582,7 +136553,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
         Index *pIdx;                         /* Iterator variable */
         KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = 0;               /* Keyinfo for scanned index */
         Index *pBest = 0;                    /* Best index found so far */
-        int iRoot = pTab->tnum;              /* Root page of scanned b-tree */
+        Pgno iRoot = pTab->tnum;             /* Root page of scanned b-tree */
 
         sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
         sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTab->tnum, 0, pTab->zName);
@@ -129593,17 +136564,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
         **
         ** (2013-10-03) Do not count the entries in a partial index.
         **
-        ** In practice the KeyInfo structure will not be used. It is only 
+        ** In practice the KeyInfo structure will not be used. It is only
         ** passed to keep OP_OpenRead happy.
         */
         if( !HasRowid(pTab) ) pBest = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
-        for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-          if( pIdx->bUnordered==0
-           && pIdx->szIdxRow<pTab->szTabRow
-           && pIdx->pPartIdxWhere==0
-           && (!pBest || pIdx->szIdxRow<pBest->szIdxRow)
-          ){
-            pBest = pIdx;
+        if( !p->pSrc->a[0].fg.notIndexed ){
+          for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
+            if( pIdx->bUnordered==0
+             && pIdx->szIdxRow<pTab->szTabRow
+             && pIdx->pPartIdxWhere==0
+             && (!pBest || pIdx->szIdxRow<pBest->szIdxRow)
+            ){
+              pBest = pIdx;
+            }
           }
         }
         if( pBest ){
@@ -129612,28 +136585,36 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
         }
 
         /* Open a read-only cursor, execute the OP_Count, close the cursor. */
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_OpenRead, iCsr, iRoot, iDb, 1);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_OpenRead, iCsr, (int)iRoot, iDb, 1);
         if( pKeyInfo ){
           sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char *)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
         }
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Count, iCsr, sAggInfo.aFunc[0].iMem);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Count, iCsr, pAggInfo->aFunc[0].iMem);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iCsr);
         explainSimpleCount(pParse, pTab, pBest);
-      }else
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT */
-      {
+      }else{
         int regAcc = 0;           /* "populate accumulators" flag */
-
-        /* If there are accumulator registers but no min() or max() functions,
-        ** allocate register regAcc. Register regAcc will contain 0 the first
-        ** time the inner loop runs, and 1 thereafter. The code generated
-        ** by updateAccumulator() only updates the accumulator registers if
-        ** regAcc contains 0.  */
-        if( sAggInfo.nAccumulator ){
-          for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nFunc; i++){
-            if( sAggInfo.aFunc[i].pFunc->funcFlags&SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ) break;
+        int addrSkip;
+
+        /* If there are accumulator registers but no min() or max() functions
+        ** without FILTER clauses, allocate register regAcc. Register regAcc
+        ** will contain 0 the first time the inner loop runs, and 1 thereafter.
+        ** The code generated by updateAccumulator() uses this to ensure
+        ** that the accumulator registers are (a) updated only once if
+        ** there are no min() or max functions or (b) always updated for the
+        ** first row visited by the aggregate, so that they are updated at
+        ** least once even if the FILTER clause means the min() or max()
+        ** function visits zero rows.  */
+        if( pAggInfo->nAccumulator ){
+          for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++){
+            if( ExprHasProperty(pAggInfo->aFunc[i].pFExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
+              continue;
+            }
+            if( pAggInfo->aFunc[i].pFunc->funcFlags&SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
+              break;
+            }
           }
-          if( i==sAggInfo.nFunc ){
+          if( i==pAggInfo->nFunc ){
             regAcc = ++pParse->nMem;
             sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regAcc);
           }
@@ -129644,7 +136625,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
         ** of output.
         */
         assert( p->pGroupBy==0 );
-        resetAccumulator(pParse, &sAggInfo);
+        resetAccumulator(pParse, pAggInfo);
 
         /* If this query is a candidate for the min/max optimization, then
         ** minMaxFlag will have been previously set to either
@@ -129660,24 +136641,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
         if( pWInfo==0 ){
           goto select_end;
         }
-        updateAccumulator(pParse, regAcc, &sAggInfo);
+        updateAccumulator(pParse, regAcc, pAggInfo);
         if( regAcc ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, regAcc);
-        if( sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(pWInfo)>0 ){
-          sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(pWInfo));
-          VdbeComment((v, "%s() by index",
-                (minMaxFlag==WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN?"min":"max")));
+        addrSkip = sqlite3WhereOrderByLimitOptLabel(pWInfo);
+        if( addrSkip!=sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(pWInfo) ){
+          sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, addrSkip);
         }
         sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
-        finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, &sAggInfo);
+        finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, pAggInfo);
       }
 
       sSort.pOrderBy = 0;
       sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrEnd, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, -1, 0, 0, 
+      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, -1, 0, 0,
                       pDest, addrEnd, addrEnd);
     }
     sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrEnd);
-    
+
   } /* endif aggregate query */
 
   if( sDistinct.eTnctType==WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED ){
@@ -129707,11 +136687,28 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
   */
 select_end:
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pMinMaxOrderBy);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, sAggInfo.aCol);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, sAggInfo.aFunc);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  if( pAggInfo && !db->mallocFailed ){
+    for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nColumn; i++){
+      Expr *pExpr = pAggInfo->aCol[i].pCExpr;
+      assert( pExpr!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
+      if( pExpr==0 ) continue;
+      assert( pExpr->pAggInfo==pAggInfo );
+      assert( pExpr->iAgg==i );
+    }
+    for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++){
+      Expr *pExpr = pAggInfo->aFunc[i].pFExpr;
+      assert( pExpr!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
+      if( pExpr==0 ) continue;
+      assert( pExpr->pAggInfo==pAggInfo );
+      assert( pExpr->iAgg==i );
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
   SELECTTRACE(0x1,pParse,p,("end processing\n"));
-  if( (sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x2000)!=0 && ExplainQueryPlanParent(pParse)==0 ){
+  if( (sqlite3_unsupported_selecttrace & 0x2000)!=0 && ExplainQueryPlanParent(pParse)==0 ){
     sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
   }
 #endif
@@ -129779,7 +136776,7 @@ static int sqlite3_get_table_cb(void *pArg, int nCol, char **argv, char **colv){
   if( p->nData + need > p->nAlloc ){
     char **azNew;
     p->nAlloc = p->nAlloc*2 + need;
-    azNew = sqlite3_realloc64( p->azResult, sizeof(char*)*p->nAlloc );
+    azNew = sqlite3Realloc( p->azResult, sizeof(char*)*p->nAlloc );
     if( azNew==0 ) goto malloc_failed;
     p->azResult = azNew;
   }
@@ -129832,7 +136829,7 @@ malloc_failed:
 ** at the conclusion of the call.
 **
 ** The result that is written to ***pazResult is held in memory obtained
-** from malloc().  But the caller cannot free this memory directly.  
+** from malloc().  But the caller cannot free this memory directly.
 ** Instead, the entire table should be passed to sqlite3_free_table() when
 ** the calling procedure is finished using it.
 */
@@ -129888,7 +136885,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
   }
   if( res.nAlloc>res.nData ){
     char **azNew;
-    azNew = sqlite3_realloc64( res.azResult, sizeof(char*)*res.nData );
+    azNew = sqlite3Realloc( res.azResult, sizeof(char*)*res.nData );
     if( azNew==0 ){
       sqlite3_free_table(&res.azResult[1]);
       db->errCode = SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -129950,6 +136947,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3 *db, TriggerStep *pTriggerS
     sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pTmp->pSelect);
     sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pTmp->pIdList);
     sqlite3UpsertDelete(db, pTmp->pUpsert);
+    sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTmp->pFrom);
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pTmp->zSpan);
 
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pTmp);
@@ -129957,7 +136955,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3 *db, TriggerStep *pTriggerS
 }
 
 /*
-** Given table pTab, return a list of all the triggers attached to 
+** Given table pTab, return a list of all the triggers attached to
 ** the table. The list is connected by Trigger.pNext pointers.
 **
 ** All of the triggers on pTab that are in the same database as pTab
@@ -129984,7 +136982,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
     for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&pTmpSchema->trigHash); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
       Trigger *pTrig = (Trigger *)sqliteHashData(p);
       if( pTrig->pTabSchema==pTab->pSchema
-       && 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pTrig->table, pTab->zName) 
+       && 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pTrig->table, pTab->zName)
       ){
         pTrig->pNext = (pList ? pList : pTab->pTrigger);
         pList = pTrig;
@@ -130052,7 +137050,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginTrigger(
   **                                                 ^^^^^^^^
   **
   ** To maintain backwards compatibility, ignore the database
-  ** name on pTableName if we are reparsing out of SQLITE_MASTER.
+  ** name on pTableName if we are reparsing out of the schema table
   */
   if( db->init.busy && iDb!=1 ){
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pTableName->a[0].zDatabase);
@@ -130080,28 +137078,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginTrigger(
   pTab = sqlite3SrcListLookup(pParse, pTableName);
   if( !pTab ){
     /* The table does not exist. */
-    if( db->init.iDb==1 ){
-      /* Ticket #3810.
-      ** Normally, whenever a table is dropped, all associated triggers are
-      ** dropped too.  But if a TEMP trigger is created on a non-TEMP table
-      ** and the table is dropped by a different database connection, the
-      ** trigger is not visible to the database connection that does the
-      ** drop so the trigger cannot be dropped.  This results in an
-      ** "orphaned trigger" - a trigger whose associated table is missing.
-      */
-      db->init.orphanTrigger = 1;
-    }
-    goto trigger_cleanup;
+    goto trigger_orphan_error;
   }
   if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot create triggers on virtual tables");
-    goto trigger_cleanup;
+    goto trigger_orphan_error;
   }
 
   /* Check that the trigger name is not reserved and that no trigger of the
   ** specified name exists */
   zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
-  if( !zName || SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3CheckObjectName(pParse, zName) ){
+  if( zName==0 ){
+    assert( db->mallocFailed );
+    goto trigger_cleanup;
+  }
+  if( sqlite3CheckObjectName(pParse, zName, "trigger", pTab->zName) ){
     goto trigger_cleanup;
   }
   assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, iDb, 0) );
@@ -130127,14 +137118,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginTrigger(
   ** of triggers.
   */
   if( pTab->pSelect && tr_tm!=TK_INSTEAD ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot create %s trigger on view: %S", 
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot create %s trigger on view: %S",
         (tr_tm == TK_BEFORE)?"BEFORE":"AFTER", pTableName, 0);
-    goto trigger_cleanup;
+    goto trigger_orphan_error;
   }
   if( !pTab->pSelect && tr_tm==TK_INSTEAD ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot create INSTEAD OF"
         " trigger on table: %S", pTableName, 0);
-    goto trigger_cleanup;
+    goto trigger_orphan_error;
   }
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
@@ -130194,6 +137185,23 @@ trigger_cleanup:
   }else{
     assert( pParse->pNewTrigger==pTrigger );
   }
+  return;
+
+trigger_orphan_error:
+  if( db->init.iDb==1 ){
+    /* Ticket #3810.
+    ** Normally, whenever a table is dropped, all associated triggers are
+    ** dropped too.  But if a TEMP trigger is created on a non-TEMP table
+    ** and the table is dropped by a different database connection, the
+    ** trigger is not visible to the database connection that does the
+    ** drop so the trigger cannot be dropped.  This results in an
+    ** "orphaned trigger" - a trigger whose associated table is missing.
+    **
+    ** 2020-11-05 see also https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/157dc791df
+    */
+    db->init.orphanTrigger = 1;
+  }
+  goto trigger_cleanup;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -130223,8 +137231,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishTrigger(
   }
   sqlite3TokenInit(&nameToken, pTrig->zName);
   sqlite3FixInit(&sFix, pParse, iDb, "trigger", &nameToken);
-  if( sqlite3FixTriggerStep(&sFix, pTrig->step_list) 
-   || sqlite3FixExpr(&sFix, pTrig->pWhen) 
+  if( sqlite3FixTriggerStep(&sFix, pTrig->step_list)
+   || sqlite3FixExpr(&sFix, pTrig->pWhen)
   ){
     goto triggerfinish_cleanup;
   }
@@ -130238,21 +137246,22 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishTrigger(
 #endif
 
   /* if we are not initializing,
-  ** build the sqlite_master entry
+  ** build the sqlite_schema entry
   */
   if( !db->init.busy ){
     Vdbe *v;
     char *z;
 
-    /* Make an entry in the sqlite_master table */
+    /* Make an entry in the sqlite_schema table */
     v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
     if( v==0 ) goto triggerfinish_cleanup;
     sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
     z = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pAll->z, pAll->n);
     testcase( z==0 );
     sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-       "INSERT INTO %Q.%s VALUES('trigger',%Q,%Q,0,'CREATE TRIGGER %q')",
-       db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, MASTER_NAME, zName,
+       "INSERT INTO %Q." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE
+       " VALUES('trigger',%Q,%Q,0,'CREATE TRIGGER %q')",
+       db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, zName,
        pTrig->table, z);
     sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
     sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
@@ -130264,6 +137273,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishTrigger(
     Trigger *pLink = pTrig;
     Hash *pHash = &db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->trigHash;
     assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, iDb, 0) );
+    assert( pLink!=0 );
     pTrig = sqlite3HashInsert(pHash, zName, pTrig);
     if( pTrig ){
       sqlite3OomFault(db);
@@ -130291,14 +137301,14 @@ static char *triggerSpanDup(sqlite3 *db, const char *zStart, const char *zEnd){
   int i;
   if( z ) for(i=0; z[i]; i++) if( sqlite3Isspace(z[i]) ) z[i] = ' ';
   return z;
-}    
+}
 
 /*
 ** Turn a SELECT statement (that the pSelect parameter points to) into
 ** a trigger step.  Return a pointer to a TriggerStep structure.
 **
 ** The parser calls this routine when it finds a SELECT statement in
-** body of a TRIGGER.  
+** body of a TRIGGER.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(
   sqlite3 *db,                /* Database connection */
@@ -130382,6 +137392,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(
     pTriggerStep->pIdList = pColumn;
     pTriggerStep->pUpsert = pUpsert;
     pTriggerStep->orconf = orconf;
+    if( pUpsert ){
+      sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(pParse, pUpsert->pUpsertTarget);
+    }
   }else{
     testcase( pColumn );
     sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pColumn);
@@ -130401,6 +137414,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(
 SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(
   Parse *pParse,          /* Parser */
   Token *pTableName,   /* Name of the table to be updated */
+  SrcList *pFrom,
   ExprList *pEList,    /* The SET clause: list of column and new values */
   Expr *pWhere,        /* The WHERE clause */
   u8 orconf,           /* The conflict algorithm. (OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, etc) */
@@ -130415,16 +137429,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(
     if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
       pTriggerStep->pExprList = pEList;
       pTriggerStep->pWhere = pWhere;
+      pTriggerStep->pFrom = pFrom;
       pEList = 0;
       pWhere = 0;
+      pFrom = 0;
     }else{
       pTriggerStep->pExprList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pEList, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
       pTriggerStep->pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
+      pTriggerStep->pFrom = sqlite3SrcListDup(db, pFrom, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
     }
     pTriggerStep->orconf = orconf;
   }
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pEList);
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
+  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pFrom);
   return pTriggerStep;
 }
 
@@ -130457,7 +137475,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(
   return pTriggerStep;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Recursively delete a Trigger structure
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3 *db, Trigger *pTrigger){
@@ -130471,7 +137489,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3 *db, Trigger *pTrigger){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is called to drop a trigger from the database schema. 
+** This function is called to drop a trigger from the database schema.
 **
 ** This may be called directly from the parser and therefore identifies
 ** the trigger by name.  The sqlite3DropTriggerPtr() routine does the
@@ -130496,7 +137514,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pName, int noErr)
   assert( zDb!=0 || sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(db) );
   for(i=OMIT_TEMPDB; i<db->nDb; i++){
     int j = (i<2) ? i^1 : i;  /* Search TEMP before MAIN */
-    if( zDb && sqlite3StrICmp(db->aDb[j].zDbSName, zDb) ) continue;
+    if( zDb && sqlite3DbIsNamed(db, j, zDb)==0 ) continue;
     assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, j, 0) );
     pTrigger = sqlite3HashFind(&(db->aDb[j].pSchema->trigHash), zName);
     if( pTrigger ) break;
@@ -130526,7 +137544,7 @@ static Table *tableOfTrigger(Trigger *pTrigger){
 
 
 /*
-** Drop a trigger given a pointer to that trigger. 
+** Drop a trigger given a pointer to that trigger.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse *pParse, Trigger *pTrigger){
   Table   *pTable;
@@ -130537,10 +137555,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse *pParse, Trigger *pTrigger){
   iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTrigger->pSchema);
   assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
   pTable = tableOfTrigger(pTrigger);
-  assert( pTable );
-  assert( pTable->pSchema==pTrigger->pSchema || iDb==1 );
+  assert( (pTable && pTable->pSchema==pTrigger->pSchema) || iDb==1 );
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  {
+  if( pTable ){
     int code = SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER;
     const char *zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
     const char *zTab = SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb);
@@ -130554,11 +137571,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse *pParse, Trigger *pTrigger){
 
   /* Generate code to destroy the database record of the trigger.
   */
-  assert( pTable!=0 );
   if( (v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse))!=0 ){
     sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-       "DELETE FROM %Q.%s WHERE name=%Q AND type='trigger'",
-       db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, MASTER_NAME, pTrigger->zName
+       "DELETE FROM %Q." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " WHERE name=%Q AND type='trigger'",
+       db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, pTrigger->zName
     );
     sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTrigger, iDb, 0, 0, pTrigger->zName, 0);
@@ -130578,9 +137594,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const ch
   if( ALWAYS(pTrigger) ){
     if( pTrigger->pSchema==pTrigger->pTabSchema ){
       Table *pTab = tableOfTrigger(pTrigger);
-      Trigger **pp;
-      for(pp=&pTab->pTrigger; *pp!=pTrigger; pp=&((*pp)->pNext));
-      *pp = (*pp)->pNext;
+      if( pTab ){
+        Trigger **pp;
+        for(pp=&pTab->pTrigger; *pp; pp=&((*pp)->pNext)){
+          if( *pp==pTrigger ){
+            *pp = (*pp)->pNext;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
     }
     sqlite3DeleteTrigger(db, pTrigger);
     db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
@@ -130600,14 +137622,14 @@ static int checkColumnOverlap(IdList *pIdList, ExprList *pEList){
   int e;
   if( pIdList==0 || NEVER(pEList==0) ) return 1;
   for(e=0; e<pEList->nExpr; e++){
-    if( sqlite3IdListIndex(pIdList, pEList->a[e].zName)>=0 ) return 1;
+    if( sqlite3IdListIndex(pIdList, pEList->a[e].zEName)>=0 ) return 1;
   }
-  return 0; 
+  return 0;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Return a list of all triggers on table pTab if there exists at least
-** one trigger that must be fired when an operation of type 'op' is 
+** one trigger that must be fired when an operation of type 'op' is
 ** performed on the table, and, if that operation is an UPDATE, if at
 ** least one of the columns in pChanges is being modified.
 */
@@ -130647,37 +137669,40 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(
 ** trigger is in TEMP in which case it can refer to any other database it
 ** wants.
 */
-static SrcList *targetSrcList(
+SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(
   Parse *pParse,       /* The parsing context */
   TriggerStep *pStep   /* The trigger containing the target token */
 ){
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  int iDb;             /* Index of the database to use */
-  SrcList *pSrc;       /* SrcList to be returned */
-
-  pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, 0, 0, 0);
+  SrcList *pSrc;                  /* SrcList to be returned */
+  char *zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pStep->zTarget);
+  pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse, 0, 0, 0);
+  assert( pSrc==0 || pSrc->nSrc==1 );
+  assert( zName || pSrc==0 );
   if( pSrc ){
-    assert( pSrc->nSrc>0 );
-    pSrc->a[pSrc->nSrc-1].zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pStep->zTarget);
-    iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pStep->pTrig->pSchema);
-    if( iDb==0 || iDb>=2 ){
-      const char *zDb;
-      assert( iDb<db->nDb );
-      zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
-      pSrc->a[pSrc->nSrc-1].zDatabase =  sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zDb);
+    Schema *pSchema = pStep->pTrig->pSchema;
+    pSrc->a[0].zName = zName;
+    if( pSchema!=db->aDb[1].pSchema ){
+      pSrc->a[0].pSchema = pSchema;
+    }
+    if( pStep->pFrom ){
+      SrcList *pDup = sqlite3SrcListDup(db, pStep->pFrom, 0);
+      pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppendList(pParse, pSrc, pDup);
     }
+  }else{
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
   }
   return pSrc;
 }
 
 /*
-** Generate VDBE code for the statements inside the body of a single 
+** Generate VDBE code for the statements inside the body of a single
 ** trigger.
 */
 static int codeTriggerProgram(
   Parse *pParse,            /* The parser context */
   TriggerStep *pStepList,   /* List of statements inside the trigger body */
-  int orconf                /* Conflict algorithm. (OE_Abort, etc) */  
+  int orconf                /* Conflict algorithm. (OE_Abort, etc) */
 ){
   TriggerStep *pStep;
   Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
@@ -130713,27 +137738,27 @@ static int codeTriggerProgram(
 
     switch( pStep->op ){
       case TK_UPDATE: {
-        sqlite3Update(pParse, 
-          targetSrcList(pParse, pStep),
-          sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pStep->pExprList, 0), 
-          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStep->pWhere, 0), 
+        sqlite3Update(pParse,
+          sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(pParse, pStep),
+          sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pStep->pExprList, 0),
+          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStep->pWhere, 0),
           pParse->eOrconf, 0, 0, 0
         );
         break;
       }
       case TK_INSERT: {
-        sqlite3Insert(pParse, 
-          targetSrcList(pParse, pStep),
-          sqlite3SelectDup(db, pStep->pSelect, 0), 
-          sqlite3IdListDup(db, pStep->pIdList), 
+        sqlite3Insert(pParse,
+          sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(pParse, pStep),
+          sqlite3SelectDup(db, pStep->pSelect, 0),
+          sqlite3IdListDup(db, pStep->pIdList),
           pParse->eOrconf,
           sqlite3UpsertDup(db, pStep->pUpsert)
         );
         break;
       }
       case TK_DELETE: {
-        sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse, 
-          targetSrcList(pParse, pStep),
+        sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,
+          sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(pParse, pStep),
           sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStep->pWhere, 0), 0, 0
         );
         break;
@@ -130746,7 +137771,7 @@ static int codeTriggerProgram(
         sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
         break;
       }
-    } 
+    }
     if( pStep->op!=TK_SELECT ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_ResetCount);
     }
@@ -130791,7 +137816,7 @@ static void transferParseError(Parse *pTo, Parse *pFrom){
 }
 
 /*
-** Create and populate a new TriggerPrg object with a sub-program 
+** Create and populate a new TriggerPrg object with a sub-program
 ** implementing trigger pTrigger with ON CONFLICT policy orconf.
 */
 static TriggerPrg *codeRowTrigger(
@@ -130814,7 +137839,7 @@ static TriggerPrg *codeRowTrigger(
   assert( pTop->pVdbe );
 
   /* Allocate the TriggerPrg and SubProgram objects. To ensure that they
-  ** are freed if an error occurs, link them into the Parse.pTriggerPrg 
+  ** are freed if an error occurs, link them into the Parse.pTriggerPrg
   ** list of the top-level Parse object sooner rather than later.  */
   pPrg = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(TriggerPrg));
   if( !pPrg ) return 0;
@@ -130828,7 +137853,7 @@ static TriggerPrg *codeRowTrigger(
   pPrg->aColmask[0] = 0xffffffff;
   pPrg->aColmask[1] = 0xffffffff;
 
-  /* Allocate and populate a new Parse context to use for coding the 
+  /* Allocate and populate a new Parse context to use for coding the
   ** trigger sub-program.  */
   pSubParse = sqlite3StackAllocZero(db, sizeof(Parse));
   if( !pSubParse ) return 0;
@@ -130840,10 +137865,11 @@ static TriggerPrg *codeRowTrigger(
   pSubParse->zAuthContext = pTrigger->zName;
   pSubParse->eTriggerOp = pTrigger->op;
   pSubParse->nQueryLoop = pParse->nQueryLoop;
+  pSubParse->disableVtab = pParse->disableVtab;
 
   v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pSubParse);
   if( v ){
-    VdbeComment((v, "Start: %s.%s (%s %s%s%s ON %s)", 
+    VdbeComment((v, "Start: %s.%s (%s %s%s%s ON %s)",
       pTrigger->zName, onErrorText(orconf),
       (pTrigger->tr_tm==TRIGGER_BEFORE ? "BEFORE" : "AFTER"),
         (pTrigger->op==TK_UPDATE ? "UPDATE" : ""),
@@ -130853,21 +137879,21 @@ static TriggerPrg *codeRowTrigger(
     ));
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
     if( pTrigger->zName ){
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, 
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1,
         sqlite3MPrintf(db, "-- TRIGGER %s", pTrigger->zName), P4_DYNAMIC
       );
     }
 #endif
 
     /* If one was specified, code the WHEN clause. If it evaluates to false
-    ** (or NULL) the sub-vdbe is immediately halted by jumping to the 
+    ** (or NULL) the sub-vdbe is immediately halted by jumping to the
     ** OP_Halt inserted at the end of the program.  */
     if( pTrigger->pWhen ){
       pWhen = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pTrigger->pWhen, 0);
-      if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pWhen) 
-       && db->mallocFailed==0 
+      if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pWhen)
+       && db->mallocFailed==0
       ){
-        iEndTrigger = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+        iEndTrigger = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pSubParse);
         sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pSubParse, pWhen, iEndTrigger, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
       }
       sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhen);
@@ -130902,7 +137928,7 @@ static TriggerPrg *codeRowTrigger(
 
   return pPrg;
 }
-    
+
 /*
 ** Return a pointer to a TriggerPrg object containing the sub-program for
 ** trigger pTrigger with default ON CONFLICT algorithm orconf. If no such
@@ -130924,8 +137950,8 @@ static TriggerPrg *getRowTrigger(
   ** process of being coded). If this is the case, then an entry with
   ** a matching TriggerPrg.pTrigger field will be present somewhere
   ** in the Parse.pTriggerPrg list. Search for such an entry.  */
-  for(pPrg=pRoot->pTriggerPrg; 
-      pPrg && (pPrg->pTrigger!=pTrigger || pPrg->orconf!=orconf); 
+  for(pPrg=pRoot->pTriggerPrg;
+      pPrg && (pPrg->pTrigger!=pTrigger || pPrg->orconf!=orconf);
       pPrg=pPrg->pNext
   );
 
@@ -130938,7 +137964,7 @@ static TriggerPrg *getRowTrigger(
 }
 
 /*
-** Generate code for the trigger program associated with trigger p on 
+** Generate code for the trigger program associated with trigger p on
 ** table pTab. The reg, orconf and ignoreJump parameters passed to this
 ** function are the same as those described in the header function for
 ** sqlite3CodeRowTrigger()
@@ -130956,7 +137982,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(
   pPrg = getRowTrigger(pParse, p, pTab, orconf);
   assert( pPrg || pParse->nErr || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
 
-  /* Code the OP_Program opcode in the parent VDBE. P4 of the OP_Program 
+  /* Code the OP_Program opcode in the parent VDBE. P4 of the OP_Program
   ** is a pointer to the sub-vdbe containing the trigger program.  */
   if( pPrg ){
     int bRecursive = (p->zName && 0==(pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_RecTriggers));
@@ -130985,7 +138011,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(
 ** If there are no triggers that fire at the specified time for the specified
 ** operation on pTab, this function is a no-op.
 **
-** The reg argument is the address of the first in an array of registers 
+** The reg argument is the address of the first in an array of registers
 ** that contain the values substituted for the new.* and old.* references
 ** in the trigger program. If N is the number of columns in table pTab
 ** (a copy of pTab->nCol), then registers are populated as follows:
@@ -131002,12 +138028,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(
 **   reg+N+N+1      NEW.* value of right-most column of pTab
 **
 ** For ON DELETE triggers, the registers containing the NEW.* values will
-** never be accessed by the trigger program, so they are not allocated or 
-** populated by the caller (there is no data to populate them with anyway). 
+** never be accessed by the trigger program, so they are not allocated or
+** populated by the caller (there is no data to populate them with anyway).
 ** Similarly, for ON INSERT triggers the values stored in the OLD.* registers
 ** are never accessed, and so are not allocated by the caller. So, for an
 ** ON INSERT trigger, the value passed to this function as parameter reg
-** is not a readable register, although registers (reg+N) through 
+** is not a readable register, although registers (reg+N) through
 ** (reg+N+N+1) are.
 **
 ** Parameter orconf is the default conflict resolution algorithm for the
@@ -131039,12 +138065,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(
     ** or else it must be a TEMP trigger. */
     assert( p->pSchema!=0 );
     assert( p->pTabSchema!=0 );
-    assert( p->pSchema==p->pTabSchema 
+    assert( p->pSchema==p->pTabSchema
          || p->pSchema==pParse->db->aDb[1].pSchema );
 
     /* Determine whether we should code this trigger */
-    if( p->op==op 
-     && p->tr_tm==tr_tm 
+    if( p->op==op
+     && p->tr_tm==tr_tm
      && checkColumnOverlap(p->pColumns, pChanges)
     ){
       sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(pParse, p, pTab, reg, orconf, ignoreJump);
@@ -131053,9 +138079,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(
 }
 
 /*
-** Triggers may access values stored in the old.* or new.* pseudo-table. 
-** This function returns a 32-bit bitmask indicating which columns of the 
-** old.* or new.* tables actually are used by triggers. This information 
+** Triggers may access values stored in the old.* or new.* pseudo-table.
+** This function returns a 32-bit bitmask indicating which columns of the
+** old.* or new.* tables actually are used by triggers. This information
 ** may be used by the caller, for example, to avoid having to load the entire
 ** old.* record into memory when executing an UPDATE or DELETE command.
 **
@@ -131065,7 +138091,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(
 ** are more than 32 columns in the table, and at least one of the columns
 ** with an index greater than 32 may be accessed, 0xffffffff is returned.
 **
-** It is not possible to determine if the old.rowid or new.rowid column is 
+** It is not possible to determine if the old.rowid or new.rowid column is
 ** accessed by triggers. The caller must always assume that it is.
 **
 ** Parameter isNew must be either 1 or 0. If it is 0, then the mask returned
@@ -131142,10 +138168,10 @@ static void updateVirtualTable(
 
 /*
 ** The most recently coded instruction was an OP_Column to retrieve the
-** i-th column of table pTab. This routine sets the P4 parameter of the 
+** i-th column of table pTab. This routine sets the P4 parameter of the
 ** OP_Column to the default value, if any.
 **
-** The default value of a column is specified by a DEFAULT clause in the 
+** The default value of a column is specified by a DEFAULT clause in the
 ** column definition. This was either supplied by the user when the table
 ** was created, or added later to the table definition by an ALTER TABLE
 ** command. If the latter, then the row-records in the table btree on disk
@@ -131154,21 +138180,21 @@ static void updateVirtualTable(
 ** If the former, then all row-records are guaranteed to include a value
 ** for the column and the P4 value is not required.
 **
-** Column definitions created by an ALTER TABLE command may only have 
+** Column definitions created by an ALTER TABLE command may only have
 ** literal default values specified: a number, null or a string. (If a more
-** complicated default expression value was provided, it is evaluated 
+** complicated default expression value was provided, it is evaluated
 ** when the ALTER TABLE is executed and one of the literal values written
-** into the sqlite_master table.)
+** into the sqlite_schema table.)
 **
 ** Therefore, the P4 parameter is only required if the default value for
 ** the column is a literal number, string or null. The sqlite3ValueFromExpr()
 ** function is capable of transforming these types of expressions into
 ** sqlite3_value objects.
 **
-** If parameter iReg is not negative, code an OP_RealAffinity instruction
-** on register iReg. This is used when an equivalent integer value is 
-** stored in place of an 8-byte floating point value in order to save 
-** space.
+** If column as REAL affinity and the table is an ordinary b-tree table
+** (not a virtual table) then the value might have been stored as an
+** integer.  In that case, add an OP_RealAffinity opcode to make sure
+** it has been converted into REAL.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *v, Table *pTab, int i, int iReg){
   assert( pTab!=0 );
@@ -131178,25 +138204,213 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *v, Table *pTab, int i, int iReg){
     Column *pCol = &pTab->aCol[i];
     VdbeComment((v, "%s.%s", pTab->zName, pCol->zName));
     assert( i<pTab->nCol );
-    sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3VdbeDb(v), pCol->pDflt, enc, 
+    sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3VdbeDb(v), pCol->pDflt, enc,
                          pCol->affinity, &pValue);
     if( pValue ){
       sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pValue, P4_MEM);
     }
   }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-  if( pTab->aCol[i].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
+  if( pTab->aCol[i].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_RealAffinity, iReg);
   }
 #endif
 }
 
+/*
+** Check to see if column iCol of index pIdx references any of the
+** columns defined by aXRef and chngRowid.  Return true if it does
+** and false if not.  This is an optimization.  False-positives are a
+** performance degradation, but false-negatives can result in a corrupt
+** index and incorrect answers.
+**
+** aXRef[j] will be non-negative if column j of the original table is
+** being updated.  chngRowid will be true if the rowid of the table is
+** being updated.
+*/
+static int indexColumnIsBeingUpdated(
+  Index *pIdx,      /* The index to check */
+  int iCol,         /* Which column of the index to check */
+  int *aXRef,       /* aXRef[j]>=0 if column j is being updated */
+  int chngRowid     /* true if the rowid is being updated */
+){
+  i16 iIdxCol = pIdx->aiColumn[iCol];
+  assert( iIdxCol!=XN_ROWID ); /* Cannot index rowid */
+  if( iIdxCol>=0 ){
+    return aXRef[iIdxCol]>=0;
+  }
+  assert( iIdxCol==XN_EXPR );
+  assert( pIdx->aColExpr!=0 );
+  assert( pIdx->aColExpr->a[iCol].pExpr!=0 );
+  return sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(pIdx->aColExpr->a[iCol].pExpr,
+                                            aXRef,chngRowid);
+}
+
+/*
+** Check to see if index pIdx is a partial index whose conditional
+** expression might change values due to an UPDATE.  Return true if
+** the index is subject to change and false if the index is guaranteed
+** to be unchanged.  This is an optimization.  False-positives are a
+** performance degradation, but false-negatives can result in a corrupt
+** index and incorrect answers.
+**
+** aXRef[j] will be non-negative if column j of the original table is
+** being updated.  chngRowid will be true if the rowid of the table is
+** being updated.
+*/
+static int indexWhereClauseMightChange(
+  Index *pIdx,      /* The index to check */
+  int *aXRef,       /* aXRef[j]>=0 if column j is being updated */
+  int chngRowid     /* true if the rowid is being updated */
+){
+  if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere==0 ) return 0;
+  return sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(pIdx->pPartIdxWhere,
+                                            aXRef, chngRowid);
+}
+
+/*
+** Allocate and return a pointer to an expression of type TK_ROW with
+** Expr.iColumn set to value (iCol+1). The resolver will modify the
+** expression to be a TK_COLUMN reading column iCol of the first
+** table in the source-list (pSrc->a[0]).
+*/
+static Expr *exprRowColumn(Parse *pParse, int iCol){
+  Expr *pRet = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ROW, 0, 0);
+  if( pRet ) pRet->iColumn = iCol+1;
+  return pRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** Assuming both the pLimit and pOrderBy parameters are NULL, this function
+** generates VM code to run the query:
+**
+**   SELECT <other-columns>, pChanges FROM pTabList WHERE pWhere
+**
+** and write the results to the ephemeral table already opened as cursor
+** iEph. None of pChanges, pTabList or pWhere are modified or consumed by
+** this function, they must be deleted by the caller.
+**
+** Or, if pLimit and pOrderBy are not NULL, and pTab is not a view:
+**
+**   SELECT <other-columns>, pChanges FROM pTabList
+**   WHERE pWhere
+**   GROUP BY <other-columns>
+**   ORDER BY pOrderBy LIMIT pLimit
+**
+** If pTab is a view, the GROUP BY clause is omitted.
+**
+** Exactly how results are written to table iEph, and exactly what
+** the <other-columns> in the query above are is determined by the type
+** of table pTabList->a[0].pTab.
+**
+** If the table is a WITHOUT ROWID table, then argument pPk must be its
+** PRIMARY KEY. In this case <other-columns> are the primary key columns
+** of the table, in order. The results of the query are written to ephemeral
+** table iEph as index keys, using OP_IdxInsert.
+**
+** If the table is actually a view, then <other-columns> are all columns of
+** the view. The results are written to the ephemeral table iEph as records
+** with automatically assigned integer keys.
+**
+** If the table is a virtual or ordinary intkey table, then <other-columns>
+** is its rowid. For a virtual table, the results are written to iEph as
+** records with automatically assigned integer keys For intkey tables, the
+** rowid value in <other-columns> is used as the integer key, and the
+** remaining fields make up the table record.
+*/
+static void updateFromSelect(
+  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
+  int iEph,                       /* Cursor for open eph. table */
+  Index *pPk,                     /* PK if table 0 is WITHOUT ROWID */
+  ExprList *pChanges,             /* List of expressions to return */
+  SrcList *pTabList,              /* List of tables to select from */
+  Expr *pWhere,                   /* WHERE clause for query */
+  ExprList *pOrderBy,             /* ORDER BY clause */
+  Expr *pLimit                    /* LIMIT clause */
+){
+  int i;
+  SelectDest dest;
+  Select *pSelect = 0;
+  ExprList *pList = 0;
+  ExprList *pGrp = 0;
+  Expr *pLimit2 = 0;
+  ExprList *pOrderBy2 = 0;
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  Table *pTab = pTabList->a[0].pTab;
+  SrcList *pSrc;
+  Expr *pWhere2;
+  int eDest;
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
+  if( pOrderBy && pLimit==0 ) {
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "ORDER BY without LIMIT on UPDATE");
+    return;
+  }
+  pOrderBy2 = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pOrderBy, 0);
+  pLimit2 = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pLimit, 0);
+#else
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pOrderBy);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pLimit);
+#endif
+
+  pSrc = sqlite3SrcListDup(db, pTabList, 0);
+  pWhere2 = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, 0);
+
+  assert( pTabList->nSrc>1 );
+  if( pSrc ){
+    pSrc->a[0].iCursor = -1;
+    pSrc->a[0].pTab->nTabRef--;
+    pSrc->a[0].pTab = 0;
+  }
+  if( pPk ){
+    for(i=0; i<pPk->nKeyCol; i++){
+      Expr *pNew = exprRowColumn(pParse, pPk->aiColumn[i]);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
+      if( pLimit ){
+        pGrp = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pGrp, sqlite3ExprDup(db, pNew, 0));
+      }
+#endif
+      pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pList, pNew);
+    }
+    eDest = IsVirtual(pTab) ? SRT_Table : SRT_Upfrom;
+  }else if( pTab->pSelect ){
+    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+      pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pList, exprRowColumn(pParse, i));
+    }
+    eDest = SRT_Table;
+  }else{
+    eDest = IsVirtual(pTab) ? SRT_Table : SRT_Upfrom;
+    pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_ROW,0,0));
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
+    if( pLimit ){
+      pGrp = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_ROW,0,0));
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+  if( ALWAYS(pChanges) ){
+    for(i=0; i<pChanges->nExpr; i++){
+      pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pList,
+          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pChanges->a[i].pExpr, 0)
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, pList,
+      pSrc, pWhere2, pGrp, 0, pOrderBy2, SF_UpdateFrom|SF_IncludeHidden, pLimit2
+  );
+  sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, eDest, iEph);
+  dest.iSDParm2 = (pPk ? pPk->nKeyCol : -1);
+  sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest);
+  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
+}
+
 /*
 ** Process an UPDATE statement.
 **
-**   UPDATE OR IGNORE table_wxyz SET a=b, c=d WHERE e<5 AND f NOT NULL;
-**          \_______/ \________/     \______/       \________________/
-*            onError   pTabList      pChanges             pWhere
+**   UPDATE OR IGNORE tbl SET a=b, c=d FROM tbl2... WHERE e<5 AND f NOT NULL;
+**          \_______/ \_/     \______/      \_____/       \________________/
+**           onError   |      pChanges         |                pWhere
+**                     \_______________________/
+**                               pTabList
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   Parse *pParse,         /* The parser context */
@@ -131208,19 +138422,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   Expr *pLimit,          /* LIMIT clause. May be null */
   Upsert *pUpsert        /* ON CONFLICT clause, or null */
 ){
-  int i, j;              /* Loop counters */
+  int i, j, k;           /* Loop counters */
   Table *pTab;           /* The table to be updated */
   int addrTop = 0;       /* VDBE instruction address of the start of the loop */
-  WhereInfo *pWInfo;     /* Information about the WHERE clause */
+  WhereInfo *pWInfo = 0; /* Information about the WHERE clause */
   Vdbe *v;               /* The virtual database engine */
   Index *pIdx;           /* For looping over indices */
   Index *pPk;            /* The PRIMARY KEY index for WITHOUT ROWID tables */
   int nIdx;              /* Number of indices that need updating */
+  int nAllIdx;           /* Total number of indexes */
   int iBaseCur;          /* Base cursor number */
   int iDataCur;          /* Cursor for the canonical data btree */
   int iIdxCur;           /* Cursor for the first index */
   sqlite3 *db;           /* The database structure */
-  int *aRegIdx = 0;      /* First register in array assigned to each index */
+  int *aRegIdx = 0;      /* Registers for to each index and the main table */
   int *aXRef = 0;        /* aXRef[i] is the index in pChanges->a[] of the
                          ** an expression for the i-th column of the table.
                          ** aXRef[i]==-1 if the i-th column is not changed. */
@@ -131229,6 +138444,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   u8 chngRowid;          /* Rowid changed in a normal table */
   u8 chngKey;            /* Either chngPk or chngRowid */
   Expr *pRowidExpr = 0;  /* Expression defining the new record number */
+  int iRowidExpr = -1;   /* Index of "rowid=" (or IPK) assignment in pChanges */
   AuthContext sContext;  /* The authorization context */
   NameContext sNC;       /* The name-context to resolve expressions in */
   int iDb;               /* Database containing the table being updated */
@@ -131251,6 +138467,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   int iPk = 0;           /* First of nPk cells holding PRIMARY KEY value */
   i16 nPk = 0;           /* Number of components of the PRIMARY KEY */
   int bReplace = 0;      /* True if REPLACE conflict resolution might happen */
+  int bFinishSeek = 1;   /* The OP_FinishSeek opcode is needed */
+  int nChangeFrom = 0;   /* If there is a FROM, pChanges->nExpr, else 0 */
 
   /* Register Allocations */
   int regRowCount = 0;   /* A count of rows changed */
@@ -131266,9 +138484,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
     goto update_cleanup;
   }
-  assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );
 
-  /* Locate the table which we want to update. 
+  /* Locate the table which we want to update.
   */
   pTab = sqlite3SrcListLookup(pParse, pTabList);
   if( pTab==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
@@ -131291,8 +138508,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
 # define isView 0
 #endif
 
+  /* If there was a FROM clause, set nChangeFrom to the number of expressions
+  ** in the change-list. Otherwise, set it to 0. There cannot be a FROM
+  ** clause if this function is being called to generate code for part of
+  ** an UPSERT statement.  */
+  nChangeFrom = (pTabList->nSrc>1) ? pChanges->nExpr : 0;
+  assert( nChangeFrom==0 || pUpsert==0 );
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
-  if( !isView ){
+  if( !isView && nChangeFrom==0 ){
     pWhere = sqlite3LimitWhere(
         pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pOrderBy, pLimit, "UPDATE"
     );
@@ -131331,13 +138555,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   }
   pTabList->a[0].iCursor = iDataCur;
 
-  /* Allocate space for aXRef[], aRegIdx[], and aToOpen[].  
+  /* Allocate space for aXRef[], aRegIdx[], and aToOpen[].
   ** Initialize aXRef[] and aToOpen[] to their default values.
   */
-  aXRef = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(int) * (pTab->nCol+nIdx) + nIdx+2 );
+  aXRef = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(int) * (pTab->nCol+nIdx+1) + nIdx+2 );
   if( aXRef==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
   aRegIdx = aXRef+pTab->nCol;
-  aToOpen = (u8*)(aRegIdx+nIdx);
+  aToOpen = (u8*)(aRegIdx+nIdx+1);
   memset(aToOpen, 1, nIdx+1);
   aToOpen[nIdx+1] = 0;
   for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++) aXRef[i] = -1;
@@ -131349,6 +138573,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   sNC.uNC.pUpsert = pUpsert;
   sNC.ncFlags = NC_UUpsert;
 
+  /* Begin generating code. */
+  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+  if( v==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
+
   /* Resolve the column names in all the expressions of the
   ** of the UPDATE statement.  Also find the column index
   ** for each column to be updated in the pChanges array.  For each
@@ -131357,28 +138585,42 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   */
   chngRowid = chngPk = 0;
   for(i=0; i<pChanges->nExpr; i++){
-    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pChanges->a[i].pExpr) ){
+    /* If this is an UPDATE with a FROM clause, do not resolve expressions
+    ** here. The call to sqlite3Select() below will do that. */
+    if( nChangeFrom==0 && sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pChanges->a[i].pExpr) ){
       goto update_cleanup;
     }
     for(j=0; j<pTab->nCol; j++){
-      if( sqlite3StrICmp(pTab->aCol[j].zName, pChanges->a[i].zName)==0 ){
+      if( sqlite3StrICmp(pTab->aCol[j].zName, pChanges->a[i].zEName)==0 ){
         if( j==pTab->iPKey ){
           chngRowid = 1;
           pRowidExpr = pChanges->a[i].pExpr;
+          iRowidExpr = i;
         }else if( pPk && (pTab->aCol[j].colFlags & COLFLAG_PRIMKEY)!=0 ){
           chngPk = 1;
         }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+        else if( pTab->aCol[j].colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED ){
+          testcase( pTab->aCol[j].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL );
+          testcase( pTab->aCol[j].colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED );
+          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+             "cannot UPDATE generated column \"%s\"",
+             pTab->aCol[j].zName);
+          goto update_cleanup;
+        }
+#endif
         aXRef[j] = i;
         break;
       }
     }
     if( j>=pTab->nCol ){
-      if( pPk==0 && sqlite3IsRowid(pChanges->a[i].zName) ){
+      if( pPk==0 && sqlite3IsRowid(pChanges->a[i].zEName) ){
         j = -1;
         chngRowid = 1;
         pRowidExpr = pChanges->a[i].pExpr;
+        iRowidExpr = i;
       }else{
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such column: %s", pChanges->a[i].zName);
+        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such column: %s", pChanges->a[i].zEName);
         pParse->checkSchema = 1;
         goto update_cleanup;
       }
@@ -131402,7 +138644,34 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   assert( chngPk==0 || chngPk==1 );
   chngKey = chngRowid + chngPk;
 
-  /* The SET expressions are not actually used inside the WHERE loop.  
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+  /* Mark generated columns as changing if their generator expressions
+  ** reference any changing column.  The actual aXRef[] value for
+  ** generated expressions is not used, other than to check to see that it
+  ** is non-negative, so the value of aXRef[] for generated columns can be
+  ** set to any non-negative number.  We use 99999 so that the value is
+  ** obvious when looking at aXRef[] in a symbolic debugger.
+  */
+  if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasGenerated ){
+    int bProgress;
+    testcase( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasVirtual );
+    testcase( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasStored );
+    do{
+      bProgress = 0;
+      for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+        if( aXRef[i]>=0 ) continue;
+        if( (pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)==0 ) continue;
+        if( sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(pTab->aCol[i].pDflt,
+                                               aXRef, chngRowid) ){
+          aXRef[i] = 99999;
+          bProgress = 1;
+        }
+      }
+    }while( bProgress );
+  }
+#endif
+
+  /* The SET expressions are not actually used inside the WHERE loop.
   ** So reset the colUsed mask. Unless this is a virtual table. In that
   ** case, set all bits of the colUsed mask (to ensure that the virtual
   ** table implementation makes all columns available).
@@ -131414,48 +138683,50 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   /* There is one entry in the aRegIdx[] array for each index on the table
   ** being updated.  Fill in aRegIdx[] with a register number that will hold
   ** the key for accessing each index.
-  **
-  ** FIXME:  Be smarter about omitting indexes that use expressions.
   */
-  for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
+  if( onError==OE_Replace ) bReplace = 1;
+  for(nAllIdx=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, nAllIdx++){
     int reg;
-    if( chngKey || hasFK>1 || pIdx->pPartIdxWhere || pIdx==pPk ){
+    if( chngKey || hasFK>1 || pIdx==pPk
+     || indexWhereClauseMightChange(pIdx,aXRef,chngRowid)
+    ){
       reg = ++pParse->nMem;
       pParse->nMem += pIdx->nColumn;
     }else{
       reg = 0;
       for(i=0; i<pIdx->nKeyCol; i++){
-        i16 iIdxCol = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
-        if( iIdxCol<0 || aXRef[iIdxCol]>=0 ){
+        if( indexColumnIsBeingUpdated(pIdx, i, aXRef, chngRowid) ){
           reg = ++pParse->nMem;
           pParse->nMem += pIdx->nColumn;
-          if( (onError==OE_Replace)
-           || (onError==OE_Default && pIdx->onError==OE_Replace) 
-          ){
+          if( onError==OE_Default && pIdx->onError==OE_Replace ){
             bReplace = 1;
           }
           break;
         }
       }
     }
-    if( reg==0 ) aToOpen[j+1] = 0;
-    aRegIdx[j] = reg;
+    if( reg==0 ) aToOpen[nAllIdx+1] = 0;
+    aRegIdx[nAllIdx] = reg;
   }
+  aRegIdx[nAllIdx] = ++pParse->nMem;  /* Register storing the table record */
   if( bReplace ){
-    /* If REPLACE conflict resolution might be invoked, open cursors on all 
+    /* If REPLACE conflict resolution might be invoked, open cursors on all
     ** indexes in case they are needed to delete records.  */
     memset(aToOpen, 1, nIdx+1);
   }
 
-  /* Begin generating code. */
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
   if( pParse->nested==0 ) sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(v);
   sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, pTrigger || hasFK, iDb);
 
   /* Allocate required registers. */
   if( !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
-    regRowSet = ++pParse->nMem;
+    /* For now, regRowSet and aRegIdx[nAllIdx] share the same register.
+    ** If regRowSet turns out to be needed, then aRegIdx[nAllIdx] will be
+    ** reallocated.  aRegIdx[nAllIdx] is the register in which the main
+    ** table record is written.  regRowSet holds the RowSet for the
+    ** two-pass update algorithm. */
+    assert( aRegIdx[nAllIdx]==pParse->nMem );
+    regRowSet = aRegIdx[nAllIdx];
     regOldRowid = regNewRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
     if( chngPk || pTrigger || hasFK ){
       regOld = pParse->nMem + 1;
@@ -131477,8 +138748,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   ** an ephemeral table.
   */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
-  if( isView ){
-    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, 
+  if( nChangeFrom==0 && isView ){
+    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab,
         pWhere, pOrderBy, pLimit, iDataCur
     );
     pOrderBy = 0;
@@ -131489,7 +138760,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   /* Resolve the column names in all the expressions in the
   ** WHERE clause.
   */
-  if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pWhere) ){
+  if( nChangeFrom==0 && sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pWhere) ){
     goto update_cleanup;
   }
 
@@ -131503,7 +138774,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
 #endif
 
   /* Jump to labelBreak to abandon further processing of this UPDATE */
-  labelContinue = labelBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+  labelContinue = labelBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
 
   /* Not an UPSERT.  Normal processing.  Begin by
   ** initialize the count of updated rows */
@@ -131516,120 +138787,153 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regRowCount);
   }
 
-  if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
+  if( nChangeFrom==0 && HasRowid(pTab) ){
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, regRowSet, regOldRowid);
+    iEph = pParse->nTab++;
+    addrOpen = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, iEph, 0, regRowSet);
   }else{
-    assert( pPk!=0 );
-    nPk = pPk->nKeyCol;
+    assert( pPk!=0 || HasRowid(pTab) );
+    nPk = pPk ? pPk->nKeyCol : 0;
     iPk = pParse->nMem+1;
     pParse->nMem += nPk;
+    pParse->nMem += nChangeFrom;
     regKey = ++pParse->nMem;
     if( pUpsert==0 ){
+      int nEphCol = nPk + nChangeFrom + (isView ? pTab->nCol : 0);
       iEph = pParse->nTab++;
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, iPk, iPk+nPk-1);
-      addrOpen = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, iEph, nPk);
-      sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(pParse, pPk);
-    }
-  }
-  
-  if( pUpsert ){
-    /* If this is an UPSERT, then all cursors have already been opened by
-    ** the outer INSERT and the data cursor should be pointing at the row
-    ** that is to be updated.  So bypass the code that searches for the
-    ** row(s) to be updated.
-    */
-    pWInfo = 0;
-    eOnePass = ONEPASS_SINGLE;
-    sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pWhere, labelBreak, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-  }else{
-    /* Begin the database scan. 
-    **
-    ** Do not consider a single-pass strategy for a multi-row update if
-    ** there are any triggers or foreign keys to process, or rows may
-    ** be deleted as a result of REPLACE conflict handling. Any of these
-    ** things might disturb a cursor being used to scan through the table
-    ** or index, causing a single-pass approach to malfunction.  */
-    flags = WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED|WHERE_SEEK_UNIQ_TABLE;
-    if( !pParse->nested && !pTrigger && !hasFK && !chngKey && !bReplace ){
-      flags |= WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW;
-    }
-    pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, 0, 0, flags, iIdxCur);
-    if( pWInfo==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
-  
-    /* A one-pass strategy that might update more than one row may not
-    ** be used if any column of the index used for the scan is being
-    ** updated. Otherwise, if there is an index on "b", statements like
-    ** the following could create an infinite loop:
-    **
-    **   UPDATE t1 SET b=b+1 WHERE b>?
-    **
-    ** Fall back to ONEPASS_OFF if where.c has selected a ONEPASS_MULTI
-    ** strategy that uses an index for which one or more columns are being
-    ** updated.  */
-    eOnePass = sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(pWInfo, aiCurOnePass);
-    if( eOnePass!=ONEPASS_SINGLE ){
-      sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
-      if( eOnePass==ONEPASS_MULTI ){
-        int iCur = aiCurOnePass[1];
-        if( iCur>=0 && iCur!=iDataCur && aToOpen[iCur-iBaseCur] ){
-          eOnePass = ONEPASS_OFF;
+      if( pPk ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, iPk, iPk+nPk-1);
+      addrOpen = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, iEph, nEphCol);
+      if( pPk ){
+        KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(pParse, pPk);
+        if( pKeyInfo ){
+          pKeyInfo->nAllField = nEphCol;
+          sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
         }
-        assert( iCur!=iDataCur || !HasRowid(pTab) );
+      }
+      if( nChangeFrom ){
+        updateFromSelect(
+            pParse, iEph, pPk, pChanges, pTabList, pWhere, pOrderBy, pLimit
+        );
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
+        if( isView ) iDataCur = iEph;
+#endif
       }
     }
   }
 
-  if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
-    /* Read the rowid of the current row of the WHERE scan. In ONEPASS_OFF
-    ** mode, write the rowid into the FIFO. In either of the one-pass modes,
-    ** leave it in register regOldRowid.  */
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iDataCur, regOldRowid);
-    if( eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowSetAdd, regRowSet, regOldRowid);
-    }
-  }else{
-    /* Read the PK of the current row into an array of registers. In
-    ** ONEPASS_OFF mode, serialize the array into a record and store it in
-    ** the ephemeral table. Or, in ONEPASS_SINGLE or MULTI mode, change
-    ** the OP_OpenEphemeral instruction to a Noop (the ephemeral table 
-    ** is not required) and leave the PK fields in the array of registers.  */
-    for(i=0; i<nPk; i++){
-      assert( pPk->aiColumn[i]>=0 );
-      sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur,pPk->aiColumn[i],iPk+i);
+  if( nChangeFrom ){
+    sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
+    eOnePass = ONEPASS_OFF;
+    nKey = nPk;
+    regKey = iPk;
+  }else{
+    if( pUpsert ){
+      /* If this is an UPSERT, then all cursors have already been opened by
+      ** the outer INSERT and the data cursor should be pointing at the row
+      ** that is to be updated.  So bypass the code that searches for the
+      ** row(s) to be updated.
+      */
+      pWInfo = 0;
+      eOnePass = ONEPASS_SINGLE;
+      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pWhere, labelBreak, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
+      bFinishSeek = 0;
+    }else{
+      /* Begin the database scan.
+      **
+      ** Do not consider a single-pass strategy for a multi-row update if
+      ** there are any triggers or foreign keys to process, or rows may
+      ** be deleted as a result of REPLACE conflict handling. Any of these
+      ** things might disturb a cursor being used to scan through the table
+      ** or index, causing a single-pass approach to malfunction.  */
+      flags = WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED;
+      if( !pParse->nested && !pTrigger && !hasFK && !chngKey && !bReplace ){
+        flags |= WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW;
+      }
+      pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, 0, 0, flags,iIdxCur);
+      if( pWInfo==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
+
+      /* A one-pass strategy that might update more than one row may not
+      ** be used if any column of the index used for the scan is being
+      ** updated. Otherwise, if there is an index on "b", statements like
+      ** the following could create an infinite loop:
+      **
+      **   UPDATE t1 SET b=b+1 WHERE b>?
+      **
+      ** Fall back to ONEPASS_OFF if where.c has selected a ONEPASS_MULTI
+      ** strategy that uses an index for which one or more columns are being
+      ** updated.  */
+      eOnePass = sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(pWInfo, aiCurOnePass);
+      bFinishSeek = sqlite3WhereUsesDeferredSeek(pWInfo);
+      if( eOnePass!=ONEPASS_SINGLE ){
+        sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
+        if( eOnePass==ONEPASS_MULTI ){
+          int iCur = aiCurOnePass[1];
+          if( iCur>=0 && iCur!=iDataCur && aToOpen[iCur-iBaseCur] ){
+            eOnePass = ONEPASS_OFF;
+          }
+          assert( iCur!=iDataCur || !HasRowid(pTab) );
+        }
+      }
     }
-    if( eOnePass ){
-      if( addrOpen ) sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrOpen);
-      nKey = nPk;
-      regKey = iPk;
+
+    if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
+      /* Read the rowid of the current row of the WHERE scan. In ONEPASS_OFF
+      ** mode, write the rowid into the FIFO. In either of the one-pass modes,
+      ** leave it in register regOldRowid.  */
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iDataCur, regOldRowid);
+      if( eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF ){
+        aRegIdx[nAllIdx] = ++pParse->nMem;
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iEph, regRowSet, regOldRowid);
+      }else{
+        if( ALWAYS(addrOpen) ) sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrOpen);
+      }
     }else{
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, iPk, nPk, regKey,
-                        sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(db, pPk), nPk);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iEph, regKey, iPk, nPk);
+      /* Read the PK of the current row into an array of registers. In
+      ** ONEPASS_OFF mode, serialize the array into a record and store it in
+      ** the ephemeral table. Or, in ONEPASS_SINGLE or MULTI mode, change
+      ** the OP_OpenEphemeral instruction to a Noop (the ephemeral table
+      ** is not required) and leave the PK fields in the array of registers.  */
+      for(i=0; i<nPk; i++){
+        assert( pPk->aiColumn[i]>=0 );
+        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur,
+                                        pPk->aiColumn[i], iPk+i);
+      }
+      if( eOnePass ){
+        if( addrOpen ) sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrOpen);
+        nKey = nPk;
+        regKey = iPk;
+      }else{
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, iPk, nPk, regKey,
+                          sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(db, pPk), nPk);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iEph, regKey, iPk, nPk);
+      }
     }
   }
 
   if( pUpsert==0 ){
-    if( eOnePass!=ONEPASS_MULTI ){
+    if( nChangeFrom==0 && eOnePass!=ONEPASS_MULTI ){
       sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
     }
-  
+
     if( !isView ){
       int addrOnce = 0;
-  
+
       /* Open every index that needs updating. */
       if( eOnePass!=ONEPASS_OFF ){
         if( aiCurOnePass[0]>=0 ) aToOpen[aiCurOnePass[0]-iBaseCur] = 0;
         if( aiCurOnePass[1]>=0 ) aToOpen[aiCurOnePass[1]-iBaseCur] = 0;
       }
-  
+
       if( eOnePass==ONEPASS_MULTI && (nIdx-(aiCurOnePass[1]>=0))>0 ){
         addrOnce = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);
       }
       sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, OP_OpenWrite, 0, iBaseCur,
                                  aToOpen, 0, 0);
-      if( addrOnce ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
+      if( addrOnce ){
+        sqlite3VdbeJumpHereOrPopInst(v, addrOnce);
+      }
     }
-  
+
     /* Top of the update loop */
     if( eOnePass!=ONEPASS_OFF ){
       if( !isView && aiCurOnePass[0]!=iDataCur && aiCurOnePass[1]!=iDataCur ){
@@ -131638,20 +138942,40 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
         VdbeCoverage(v);
       }
       if( eOnePass!=ONEPASS_SINGLE ){
-        labelContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+        labelContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
       }
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, pPk ? regKey : regOldRowid, labelBreak);
       VdbeCoverageIf(v, pPk==0);
       VdbeCoverageIf(v, pPk!=0);
-    }else if( pPk ){
-      labelContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+    }else if( pPk || nChangeFrom ){
+      labelContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iEph, labelBreak); VdbeCoverage(v);
-      addrTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowData, iEph, regKey);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, iDataCur, labelContinue, regKey, 0);
-      VdbeCoverage(v);
+      addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+      if( nChangeFrom ){
+        if( !isView ){
+          if( pPk ){
+            for(i=0; i<nPk; i++){
+              sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iEph, i, iPk+i);
+            }
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(
+                v, OP_NotFound, iDataCur, labelContinue, iPk, nPk
+            ); VdbeCoverage(v);
+          }else{
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iEph, regOldRowid);
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(
+                v, OP_NotExists, iDataCur, labelContinue, regOldRowid
+            ); VdbeCoverage(v);
+          }
+        }
+      }else{
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowData, iEph, regKey);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, iDataCur, labelContinue, regKey,0);
+        VdbeCoverage(v);
+      }
     }else{
-      labelContinue = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowSetRead, regRowSet,labelBreak,
-                               regOldRowid);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iEph, labelBreak); VdbeCoverage(v);
+      labelContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+      addrTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iEph, regOldRowid);
       VdbeCoverage(v);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iDataCur, labelContinue, regOldRowid);
       VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -131664,7 +138988,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   ** already populated.  */
   assert( chngKey || pTrigger || hasFK || regOldRowid==regNewRowid );
   if( chngRowid ){
-    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRowidExpr, regNewRowid);
+    assert( iRowidExpr>=0 );
+    if( nChangeFrom==0 ){
+      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRowidExpr, regNewRowid);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iEph, iRowidExpr, regNewRowid);
+    }
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, regNewRowid); VdbeCoverage(v);
   }
 
@@ -131672,18 +139001,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   ** information is needed */
   if( chngPk || hasFK || pTrigger ){
     u32 oldmask = (hasFK ? sqlite3FkOldmask(pParse, pTab) : 0);
-    oldmask |= sqlite3TriggerColmask(pParse, 
+    oldmask |= sqlite3TriggerColmask(pParse,
         pTrigger, pChanges, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE|TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, onError
     );
     for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+      u32 colFlags = pTab->aCol[i].colFlags;
+      k = sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, i) + regOld;
       if( oldmask==0xffffffff
        || (i<32 && (oldmask & MASKBIT32(i))!=0)
-       || (pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_PRIMKEY)!=0
+       || (colFlags & COLFLAG_PRIMKEY)!=0
       ){
         testcase(  oldmask!=0xffffffff && i==31 );
-        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur, i, regOld+i);
+        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur, i, k);
       }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regOld+i);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, k);
       }
     }
     if( chngRowid==0 && pPk==0 ){
@@ -131699,104 +139030,142 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   ** If there are one or more BEFORE triggers, then do not populate the
   ** registers associated with columns that are (a) not modified by
   ** this UPDATE statement and (b) not accessed by new.* references. The
-  ** values for registers not modified by the UPDATE must be reloaded from 
-  ** the database after the BEFORE triggers are fired anyway (as the trigger 
+  ** values for registers not modified by the UPDATE must be reloaded from
+  ** the database after the BEFORE triggers are fired anyway (as the trigger
   ** may have modified them). So not loading those that are not going to
   ** be used eliminates some redundant opcodes.
   */
   newmask = sqlite3TriggerColmask(
       pParse, pTrigger, pChanges, 1, TRIGGER_BEFORE, pTab, onError
   );
-  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+  for(i=0, k=regNew; i<pTab->nCol; i++, k++){
     if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regNew+i);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, k);
+    }else if( (pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)!=0 ){
+      if( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL ) k--;
     }else{
       j = aXRef[i];
       if( j>=0 ){
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pChanges->a[j].pExpr, regNew+i);
+        if( nChangeFrom ){
+          int nOff = (isView ? pTab->nCol : nPk);
+          assert( eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF );
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iEph, nOff+j, k);
+        }else{
+          sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pChanges->a[j].pExpr, k);
+        }
       }else if( 0==(tmask&TRIGGER_BEFORE) || i>31 || (newmask & MASKBIT32(i)) ){
-        /* This branch loads the value of a column that will not be changed 
+        /* This branch loads the value of a column that will not be changed
         ** into a register. This is done if there are no BEFORE triggers, or
         ** if there are one or more BEFORE triggers that use this value via
         ** a new.* reference in a trigger program.
         */
         testcase( i==31 );
         testcase( i==32 );
-        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur, i, regNew+i);
+        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur, i, k);
+        bFinishSeek = 0;
       }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regNew+i);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, k);
       }
     }
   }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+  if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasGenerated ){
+    testcase( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasVirtual );
+    testcase( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasStored );
+    sqlite3ComputeGeneratedColumns(pParse, regNew, pTab);
+  }
+#endif
 
   /* Fire any BEFORE UPDATE triggers. This happens before constraints are
   ** verified. One could argue that this is wrong.
   */
   if( tmask&TRIGGER_BEFORE ){
     sqlite3TableAffinity(v, pTab, regNew);
-    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_UPDATE, pChanges, 
+    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_UPDATE, pChanges,
         TRIGGER_BEFORE, pTab, regOldRowid, onError, labelContinue);
 
-    /* The row-trigger may have deleted the row being updated. In this
-    ** case, jump to the next row. No updates or AFTER triggers are 
-    ** required. This behavior - what happens when the row being updated
-    ** is deleted or renamed by a BEFORE trigger - is left undefined in the
-    ** documentation.
-    */
-    if( pPk ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, iDataCur, labelContinue,regKey,nKey);
-      VdbeCoverage(v);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iDataCur, labelContinue, regOldRowid);
-      VdbeCoverage(v);
-    }
+    if( !isView ){
+      /* The row-trigger may have deleted the row being updated. In this
+      ** case, jump to the next row. No updates or AFTER triggers are
+      ** required. This behavior - what happens when the row being updated
+      ** is deleted or renamed by a BEFORE trigger - is left undefined in the
+      ** documentation.
+      */
+      if( pPk ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound,iDataCur,labelContinue,regKey,nKey);
+        VdbeCoverage(v);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iDataCur, labelContinue,regOldRowid);
+        VdbeCoverage(v);
+      }
 
-    /* After-BEFORE-trigger-reload-loop:
-    ** If it did not delete it, the BEFORE trigger may still have modified 
-    ** some of the columns of the row being updated. Load the values for 
-    ** all columns not modified by the update statement into their registers
-    ** in case this has happened. Only unmodified columns are reloaded.
-    ** The values computed for modified columns use the values before the
-    ** BEFORE trigger runs.  See test case trigger1-18.0 (added 2018-04-26)
-    ** for an example.
-    */
-    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-      if( aXRef[i]<0 && i!=pTab->iPKey ){
-        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur, i, regNew+i);
+      /* After-BEFORE-trigger-reload-loop:
+      ** If it did not delete it, the BEFORE trigger may still have modified
+      ** some of the columns of the row being updated. Load the values for
+      ** all columns not modified by the update statement into their registers
+      ** in case this has happened. Only unmodified columns are reloaded.
+      ** The values computed for modified columns use the values before the
+      ** BEFORE trigger runs.  See test case trigger1-18.0 (added 2018-04-26)
+      ** for an example.
+      */
+      for(i=0, k=regNew; i<pTab->nCol; i++, k++){
+        if( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED ){
+          if( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL ) k--;
+        }else if( aXRef[i]<0 && i!=pTab->iPKey ){
+          sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur, i, k);
+        }
       }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+      if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasGenerated ){
+        testcase( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasVirtual );
+        testcase( pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasStored );
+        sqlite3ComputeGeneratedColumns(pParse, regNew, pTab);
+      }
+#endif
     }
   }
 
   if( !isView ){
-    int addr1 = 0;        /* Address of jump instruction */
-
     /* Do constraint checks. */
     assert( regOldRowid>0 );
     sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(pParse, pTab, aRegIdx, iDataCur, iIdxCur,
         regNewRowid, regOldRowid, chngKey, onError, labelContinue, &bReplace,
         aXRef, 0);
 
-    /* Do FK constraint checks. */
-    if( hasFK ){
-      sqlite3FkCheck(pParse, pTab, regOldRowid, 0, aXRef, chngKey);
-    }
-
-    /* Delete the index entries associated with the current record.  */
+    /* If REPLACE conflict handling may have been used, or if the PK of the
+    ** row is changing, then the GenerateConstraintChecks() above may have
+    ** moved cursor iDataCur. Reseek it. */
     if( bReplace || chngKey ){
       if( pPk ){
-        addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, iDataCur, 0, regKey, nKey);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound,iDataCur,labelContinue,regKey,nKey);
       }else{
-        addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iDataCur, 0, regOldRowid);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iDataCur, labelContinue,regOldRowid);
       }
       VdbeCoverageNeverTaken(v);
     }
+
+    /* Do FK constraint checks. */
+    if( hasFK ){
+      sqlite3FkCheck(pParse, pTab, regOldRowid, 0, aXRef, chngKey);
+    }
+
+    /* Delete the index entries associated with the current record.  */
     sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, iDataCur, iIdxCur, aRegIdx, -1);
 
+    /* We must run the OP_FinishSeek opcode to resolve a prior
+    ** OP_DeferredSeek if there is any possibility that there have been
+    ** no OP_Column opcodes since the OP_DeferredSeek was issued.  But
+    ** we want to avoid the OP_FinishSeek if possible, as running it
+    ** costs CPU cycles. */
+    if( bFinishSeek ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_FinishSeek, iDataCur);
+    }
+
     /* If changing the rowid value, or if there are foreign key constraints
     ** to process, delete the old record. Otherwise, add a noop OP_Delete
     ** to invoke the pre-update hook.
     **
-    ** That (regNew==regnewRowid+1) is true is also important for the 
+    ** That (regNew==regnewRowid+1) is true is also important for the
     ** pre-update hook. If the caller invokes preupdate_new(), the returned
     ** value is copied from memory cell (regNewRowid+1+iCol), where iCol
     ** is the column index supplied by the user.
@@ -131819,36 +139188,33 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Delete, iDataCur, 0);
     }
 #endif
-    if( bReplace || chngKey ){
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
-    }
 
     if( hasFK ){
       sqlite3FkCheck(pParse, pTab, 0, regNewRowid, aXRef, chngKey);
     }
-  
+
     /* Insert the new index entries and the new record. */
     sqlite3CompleteInsertion(
-        pParse, pTab, iDataCur, iIdxCur, regNewRowid, aRegIdx, 
-        OPFLAG_ISUPDATE | (eOnePass==ONEPASS_MULTI ? OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION : 0), 
+        pParse, pTab, iDataCur, iIdxCur, regNewRowid, aRegIdx,
+        OPFLAG_ISUPDATE | (eOnePass==ONEPASS_MULTI ? OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION : 0),
         0, 0
     );
 
     /* Do any ON CASCADE, SET NULL or SET DEFAULT operations required to
     ** handle rows (possibly in other tables) that refer via a foreign key
-    ** to the row just updated. */ 
+    ** to the row just updated. */
     if( hasFK ){
       sqlite3FkActions(pParse, pTab, pChanges, regOldRowid, aXRef, chngKey);
     }
   }
 
-  /* Increment the row counter 
+  /* Increment the row counter
   */
   if( regRowCount ){
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regRowCount, 1);
   }
 
-  sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_UPDATE, pChanges, 
+  sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_UPDATE, pChanges,
       TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, regOldRowid, onError, labelContinue);
 
   /* Repeat the above with the next record to be updated, until
@@ -131859,11 +139225,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
   }else if( eOnePass==ONEPASS_MULTI ){
     sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, labelContinue);
     sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
-  }else if( pPk ){
+  }else{
     sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, labelContinue);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iEph, addrTop); VdbeCoverage(v);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, labelContinue);
   }
   sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, labelBreak);
 
@@ -131891,7 +139255,7 @@ update_cleanup:
   sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pChanges);
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) 
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT)
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pOrderBy);
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pLimit);
 #endif
@@ -131911,8 +139275,8 @@ update_cleanup:
 /*
 ** Generate code for an UPDATE of a virtual table.
 **
-** There are two possible strategies - the default and the special 
-** "onepass" strategy. Onepass is only used if the virtual table 
+** There are two possible strategies - the default and the special
+** "onepass" strategy. Onepass is only used if the virtual table
 ** implementation indicates that pWhere may match at most one row.
 **
 ** The default strategy is to create an ephemeral table that contains
@@ -131944,7 +139308,7 @@ static void updateVirtualTable(
   int i;                    /* Loop counter */
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db; /* Database connection */
   const char *pVTab = (const char*)sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab);
-  WhereInfo *pWInfo;
+  WhereInfo *pWInfo = 0;
   int nArg = 2 + pTab->nCol;      /* Number of arguments to VUpdate */
   int regArg;                     /* First register in VUpdate arg array */
   int regRec;                     /* Register in which to assemble record */
@@ -131962,73 +139326,115 @@ static void updateVirtualTable(
   addr= sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, ephemTab, nArg);
   regArg = pParse->nMem + 1;
   pParse->nMem += nArg;
-  regRec = ++pParse->nMem;
-  regRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
+  if( pSrc->nSrc>1 ){
+    Index *pPk = 0;
+    Expr *pRow;
+    ExprList *pList;
+    if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
+      if( pRowid ){
+        pRow = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pRowid, 0);
+      }else{
+        pRow = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ROW, 0, 0);
+      }
+    }else{
+      i16 iPk;      /* PRIMARY KEY column */
+      pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
+      assert( pPk!=0 );
+      assert( pPk->nKeyCol==1 );
+      iPk = pPk->aiColumn[0];
+      if( aXRef[iPk]>=0 ){
+        pRow = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pChanges->a[aXRef[iPk]].pExpr, 0);
+      }else{
+        pRow = exprRowColumn(pParse, iPk);
+      }
+    }
+    pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, pRow);
+
+    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+      if( aXRef[i]>=0 ){
+        pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pList,
+          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pChanges->a[aXRef[i]].pExpr, 0)
+        );
+      }else{
+        pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pList, exprRowColumn(pParse, i));
+      }
+    }
 
-  /* Start scanning the virtual table */
-  pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pSrc, pWhere, 0,0,WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED,0);
-  if( pWInfo==0 ) return;
+    updateFromSelect(pParse, ephemTab, pPk, pList, pSrc, pWhere, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
+    eOnePass = ONEPASS_OFF;
+  }else{
+    regRec = ++pParse->nMem;
+    regRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
 
-  /* Populate the argument registers. */
-  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
-    if( aXRef[i]>=0 ){
-      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pChanges->a[aXRef[i]].pExpr, regArg+2+i);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_VColumn, iCsr, i, regArg+2+i);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1); /* Enable sqlite3_vtab_nochange() */
+    /* Start scanning the virtual table */
+    pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pSrc,pWhere,0,0,WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED,0);
+    if( pWInfo==0 ) return;
+
+    /* Populate the argument registers. */
+    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+      assert( (pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)==0 );
+      if( aXRef[i]>=0 ){
+        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pChanges->a[aXRef[i]].pExpr, regArg+2+i);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_VColumn, iCsr, i, regArg+2+i);
+        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_NOCHNG);/* For sqlite3_vtab_nochange() */
+      }
     }
-  }
-  if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCsr, regArg);
-    if( pRowid ){
-      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRowid, regArg+1);
+    if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCsr, regArg);
+      if( pRowid ){
+        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRowid, regArg+1);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCsr, regArg+1);
+      }
     }else{
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCsr, regArg+1);
+      Index *pPk;   /* PRIMARY KEY index */
+      i16 iPk;      /* PRIMARY KEY column */
+      pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
+      assert( pPk!=0 );
+      assert( pPk->nKeyCol==1 );
+      iPk = pPk->aiColumn[0];
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_VColumn, iCsr, iPk, regArg);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regArg+2+iPk, regArg+1);
     }
-  }else{
-    Index *pPk;   /* PRIMARY KEY index */
-    i16 iPk;      /* PRIMARY KEY column */
-    pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
-    assert( pPk!=0 );
-    assert( pPk->nKeyCol==1 );
-    iPk = pPk->aiColumn[0];
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_VColumn, iCsr, iPk, regArg);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regArg+2+iPk, regArg+1);
-  }
 
-  eOnePass = sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(pWInfo, aDummy);
+    eOnePass = sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(pWInfo, aDummy);
 
-  /* There is no ONEPASS_MULTI on virtual tables */
-  assert( eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF || eOnePass==ONEPASS_SINGLE );
+    /* There is no ONEPASS_MULTI on virtual tables */
+    assert( eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF || eOnePass==ONEPASS_SINGLE );
 
-  if( eOnePass ){
-    /* If using the onepass strategy, no-op out the OP_OpenEphemeral coded
-    ** above. */
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addr);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iCsr);
-  }else{
-    /* Create a record from the argument register contents and insert it into
-    ** the ephemeral table. */
-    sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regArg, nArg, regRec);
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    /* Signal an assert() within OP_MakeRecord that it is allowed to
-    ** accept no-change records with serial_type 10 */
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC);
+    if( eOnePass ){
+      /* If using the onepass strategy, no-op out the OP_OpenEphemeral coded
+      ** above. */
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addr);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iCsr);
+    }else{
+      /* Create a record from the argument register contents and insert it into
+      ** the ephemeral table. */
+      sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regArg, nArg, regRec);
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM)
+      /* Signal an assert() within OP_MakeRecord that it is allowed to
+      ** accept no-change records with serial_type 10 */
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC);
 #endif
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, ephemTab, regRowid);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, ephemTab, regRec, regRowid);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, ephemTab, regRowid);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, ephemTab, regRec, regRowid);
+    }
   }
 
 
   if( eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF ){
     /* End the virtual table scan */
-    sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
+    if( pSrc->nSrc==1 ){
+      sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
+    }
 
     /* Begin scannning through the ephemeral table. */
     addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, ephemTab); VdbeCoverage(v);
 
-    /* Extract arguments from the current row of the ephemeral table and 
+    /* Extract arguments from the current row of the ephemeral table and
     ** invoke the VUpdate method.  */
     for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, ephemTab, i, regArg+i);
@@ -132162,11 +139568,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(
   rc = sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pUpsert->pUpsertTargetWhere);
   if( rc ) return rc;
 
-  /* Check to see if the conflict target matches the rowid. */  
+  /* Check to see if the conflict target matches the rowid. */
   pTab = pTabList->a[0].pTab;
   pTarget = pUpsert->pUpsertTarget;
   iCursor = pTabList->a[0].iCursor;
-  if( HasRowid(pTab) 
+  if( HasRowid(pTab)
    && pTarget->nExpr==1
    && (pTerm = pTarget->a[0].pExpr)->op==TK_COLUMN
    && pTerm->iColumn==XN_ROWID
@@ -132260,6 +139666,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   SrcList *pSrc;            /* FROM clause for the UPDATE */
   int iDataCur;
+  int i;
 
   assert( v!=0 );
   assert( pUpsert!=0 );
@@ -132276,12 +139683,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(
       Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
       int nPk = pPk->nKeyCol;
       int iPk = pParse->nMem+1;
-      int i;
       pParse->nMem += nPk;
       for(i=0; i<nPk; i++){
         int k;
         assert( pPk->aiColumn[i]>=0 );
-        k = sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(pIdx, pPk->aiColumn[i]);
+        k = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(pIdx, pPk->aiColumn[i]);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iCur, k, iPk+i);
         VdbeComment((v, "%s.%s", pIdx->zName,
                     pTab->aCol[pPk->aiColumn[i]].zName));
@@ -132289,14 +139695,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(
       sqlite3VdbeVerifyAbortable(v, OE_Abort);
       i = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iDataCur, 0, iPk, nPk);
       VdbeCoverage(v);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Halt, SQLITE_CORRUPT, OE_Abort, 0, 
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Halt, SQLITE_CORRUPT, OE_Abort, 0,
             "corrupt database", P4_STATIC);
+      sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, i);
     }
   }
   /* pUpsert does not own pUpsertSrc - the outer INSERT statement does.  So
   ** we have to make a copy before passing it down into sqlite3Update() */
   pSrc = sqlite3SrcListDup(db, pUpsert->pUpsertSrc, 0);
+  /* excluded.* columns of type REAL need to be converted to a hard real */
+  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+    if( pTab->aCol[i].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_RealAffinity, pUpsert->regData+i);
+    }
+  }
   sqlite3Update(pParse, pSrc, pUpsert->pUpsertSet,
       pUpsert->pUpsertWhere, OE_Abort, 0, 0, pUpsert);
   pUpsert->pUpsertSet = 0;    /* Will have been deleted by sqlite3Update() */
@@ -132351,7 +139764,7 @@ static int execSql(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErrMsg, const char *zSql){
     assert( sqlite3_strnicmp(zSql,"SELECT",6)==0 );
     /* The secondary SQL must be one of CREATE TABLE, CREATE INDEX,
     ** or INSERT.  Historically there have been attacks that first
-    ** corrupt the sqlite_master.sql field with other kinds of statements
+    ** corrupt the sqlite_schema.sql field with other kinds of statements
     ** then run VACUUM to get those statements to execute at inappropriate
     ** times. */
     if( zSubSql
@@ -132412,16 +139825,17 @@ static int execSqlF(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErrMsg, const char *zSql, ...){
 ** transient would cause the database file to appear to be deleted
 ** following reboot.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse *pParse, Token *pNm){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse *pParse, Token *pNm, Expr *pInto){
   Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
   int iDb = 0;
-  if( v==0 ) return;
+  if( v==0 ) goto build_vacuum_end;
+  if( pParse->nErr ) goto build_vacuum_end;
   if( pNm ){
 #ifndef SQLITE_BUG_COMPATIBLE_20160819
     /* Default behavior:  Report an error if the argument to VACUUM is
     ** not recognized */
     iDb = sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pNm, pNm, &pNm);
-    if( iDb<0 ) return;
+    if( iDb<0 ) goto build_vacuum_end;
 #else
     /* When SQLITE_BUG_COMPATIBLE_20160819 is defined, unrecognized arguments
     ** to VACUUM are silently ignored.  This is a back-out of a bug fix that
@@ -132433,40 +139847,66 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse *pParse, Token *pNm){
 #endif
   }
   if( iDb!=1 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Vacuum, iDb);
+    int iIntoReg = 0;
+    if( pInto && sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(pParse,0,0,pInto,0)==0 ){
+      iIntoReg = ++pParse->nMem;
+      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pInto, iIntoReg);
+    }
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Vacuum, iDb, iIntoReg);
     sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb);
   }
+build_vacuum_end:
+  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pInto);
   return;
 }
 
 /*
 ** This routine implements the OP_Vacuum opcode of the VDBE.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char **pzErrMsg, sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3RunVacuum(
+  char **pzErrMsg,        /* Write error message here */
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database connection */
+  int iDb,                /* Which attached DB to vacuum */
+  sqlite3_value *pOut     /* Write results here, if not NULL. VACUUM INTO */
+){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;     /* Return code from service routines */
   Btree *pMain;           /* The database being vacuumed */
   Btree *pTemp;           /* The temporary database we vacuum into */
-  u16 saved_mDbFlags;     /* Saved value of db->mDbFlags */
-  u32 saved_flags;        /* Saved value of db->flags */
+  u32 saved_mDbFlags;     /* Saved value of db->mDbFlags */
+  u64 saved_flags;        /* Saved value of db->flags */
   int saved_nChange;      /* Saved value of db->nChange */
   int saved_nTotalChange; /* Saved value of db->nTotalChange */
+  u32 saved_openFlags;    /* Saved value of db->openFlags */
   u8 saved_mTrace;        /* Saved trace settings */
   Db *pDb = 0;            /* Database to detach at end of vacuum */
   int isMemDb;            /* True if vacuuming a :memory: database */
   int nRes;               /* Bytes of reserved space at the end of each page */
   int nDb;                /* Number of attached databases */
   const char *zDbMain;    /* Schema name of database to vacuum */
+  const char *zOut;       /* Name of output file */
 
   if( !db->autoCommit ){
     sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "cannot VACUUM from within a transaction");
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+    return SQLITE_ERROR; /* IMP: R-12218-18073 */
   }
   if( db->nVdbeActive>1 ){
     sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db,"cannot VACUUM - SQL statements in progress");
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+    return SQLITE_ERROR; /* IMP: R-15610-35227 */
+  }
+  saved_openFlags = db->openFlags;
+  if( pOut ){
+    if( sqlite3_value_type(pOut)!=SQLITE_TEXT ){
+      sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "non-text filename");
+      return SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }
+    zOut = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pOut);
+    db->openFlags &= ~SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
+    db->openFlags |= SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE;
+  }else{
+    zOut = "";
   }
 
-  /* Save the current value of the database flags so that it can be 
+  /* Save the current value of the database flags so that it can be
   ** restored before returning. Then set the writable-schema flag, and
   ** disable CHECK and foreign key constraints.  */
   saved_flags = db->flags;
@@ -132476,7 +139916,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char **pzErrMsg, sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
   saved_mTrace = db->mTrace;
   db->flags |= SQLITE_WriteSchema | SQLITE_IgnoreChecks;
   db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin | DBFLAG_Vacuum;
-  db->flags &= ~(SQLITE_ForeignKeys | SQLITE_ReverseOrder | SQLITE_CountRows);
+  db->flags &= ~(u64)(SQLITE_ForeignKeys | SQLITE_ReverseOrder
+                   | SQLITE_Defensive | SQLITE_CountRows);
   db->mTrace = 0;
 
   zDbMain = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
@@ -132498,31 +139939,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char **pzErrMsg, sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
   ** to write the journal header file.
   */
   nDb = db->nDb;
-  rc = execSql(db, pzErrMsg, "ATTACH''AS vacuum_db");
+  rc = execSqlF(db, pzErrMsg, "ATTACH %Q AS vacuum_db", zOut);
+  db->openFlags = saved_openFlags;
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
   assert( (db->nDb-1)==nDb );
   pDb = &db->aDb[nDb];
   assert( strcmp(pDb->zDbSName,"vacuum_db")==0 );
   pTemp = pDb->pBt;
-
-  /* The call to execSql() to attach the temp database has left the file
-  ** locked (as there was more than one active statement when the transaction
-  ** to read the schema was concluded. Unlock it here so that this doesn't
-  ** cause problems for the call to BtreeSetPageSize() below.  */
-  sqlite3BtreeCommit(pTemp);
-
-  nRes = sqlite3BtreeGetOptimalReserve(pMain);
-
-  /* A VACUUM cannot change the pagesize of an encrypted database. */
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  if( db->nextPagesize ){
-    extern void sqlite3CodecGetKey(sqlite3*, int, void**, int*);
-    int nKey;
-    char *zKey;
-    sqlite3CodecGetKey(db, iDb, (void**)&zKey, &nKey);
-    if( nKey ) db->nextPagesize = 0;
+  if( pOut ){
+    sqlite3_file *id = sqlite3PagerFile(sqlite3BtreePager(pTemp));
+    i64 sz = 0;
+    if( id->pMethods!=0 && (sqlite3OsFileSize(id, &sz)!=SQLITE_OK || sz>0) ){
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "output file already exists");
+      goto end_of_vacuum;
+    }
+    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_VacuumInto;
   }
-#endif
+  nRes = sqlite3BtreeGetRequestedReserve(pMain);
 
   sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(pTemp, db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->cache_size);
   sqlite3BtreeSetSpillSize(pTemp, sqlite3BtreeSetSpillSize(pMain,0));
@@ -132534,7 +139968,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char **pzErrMsg, sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
   */
   rc = execSql(db, pzErrMsg, "BEGIN");
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pMain, 2, 0);
+  rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pMain, pOut==0 ? 2 : 0, 0);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
 
   /* Do not attempt to change the page size for a WAL database */
@@ -132561,14 +139995,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char **pzErrMsg, sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
   */
   db->init.iDb = nDb; /* force new CREATE statements into vacuum_db */
   rc = execSqlF(db, pzErrMsg,
-      "SELECT sql FROM \"%w\".sqlite_master"
+      "SELECT sql FROM \"%w\".sqlite_schema"
       " WHERE type='table'AND name<>'sqlite_sequence'"
       " AND coalesce(rootpage,1)>0",
       zDbMain
   );
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
   rc = execSqlF(db, pzErrMsg,
-      "SELECT sql FROM \"%w\".sqlite_master"
+      "SELECT sql FROM \"%w\".sqlite_schema"
       " WHERE type='index'",
       zDbMain
   );
@@ -132582,7 +140016,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char **pzErrMsg, sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
   rc = execSqlF(db, pzErrMsg,
       "SELECT'INSERT INTO vacuum_db.'||quote(name)"
       "||' SELECT*FROM\"%w\".'||quote(name)"
-      "FROM vacuum_db.sqlite_master "
+      "FROM vacuum_db.sqlite_schema "
       "WHERE type='table'AND coalesce(rootpage,1)>0",
       zDbMain
   );
@@ -132593,18 +140027,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char **pzErrMsg, sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
   /* Copy the triggers, views, and virtual tables from the main database
   ** over to the temporary database.  None of these objects has any
   ** associated storage, so all we have to do is copy their entries
-  ** from the SQLITE_MASTER table.
+  ** from the schema table.
   */
   rc = execSqlF(db, pzErrMsg,
-      "INSERT INTO vacuum_db.sqlite_master"
-      " SELECT*FROM \"%w\".sqlite_master"
+      "INSERT INTO vacuum_db.sqlite_schema"
+      " SELECT*FROM \"%w\".sqlite_schema"
       " WHERE type IN('view','trigger')"
       " OR(type='table'AND rootpage=0)",
       zDbMain
   );
   if( rc ) goto end_of_vacuum;
 
-  /* At this point, there is a write transaction open on both the 
+  /* At this point, there is a write transaction open on both the
   ** vacuum database and the main database. Assuming no error occurs,
   ** both transactions are closed by this block - the main database
   ** transaction by sqlite3BtreeCopyFile() and the other by an explicit
@@ -132628,8 +140062,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char **pzErrMsg, sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
        BTREE_APPLICATION_ID,     0,  /* Preserve the application id */
     };
 
-    assert( 1==sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pTemp) );
-    assert( 1==sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pMain) );
+    assert( SQLITE_TXN_WRITE==sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pTemp) );
+    assert( pOut!=0 || SQLITE_TXN_WRITE==sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pMain) );
 
     /* Copy Btree meta values */
     for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aCopy); i+=2){
@@ -132640,17 +140074,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char **pzErrMsg, sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
       if( NEVER(rc!=SQLITE_OK) ) goto end_of_vacuum;
     }
 
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeCopyFile(pMain, pTemp);
+    if( pOut==0 ){
+      rc = sqlite3BtreeCopyFile(pMain, pTemp);
+    }
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
     rc = sqlite3BtreeCommit(pTemp);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    sqlite3BtreeSetAutoVacuum(pMain, sqlite3BtreeGetAutoVacuum(pTemp));
+    if( pOut==0 ){
+      sqlite3BtreeSetAutoVacuum(pMain, sqlite3BtreeGetAutoVacuum(pTemp));
+    }
 #endif
   }
 
   assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pMain, sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pTemp), nRes,1);
+  if( pOut==0 ){
+    rc = sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pMain, sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pTemp), nRes,1);
+  }
 
 end_of_vacuum:
   /* Restore the original value of db->flags */
@@ -132660,7 +140100,7 @@ end_of_vacuum:
   db->nChange = saved_nChange;
   db->nTotalChange = saved_nTotalChange;
   db->mTrace = saved_mTrace;
-  sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pMain, -1, -1, 1);
+  sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pMain, -1, 0, 1);
 
   /* Currently there is an SQL level transaction open on the vacuum
   ** database. No locks are held on any other files (since the main file
@@ -132678,7 +140118,7 @@ end_of_vacuum:
   }
 
   /* This both clears the schemas and reduces the size of the db->aDb[]
-  ** array. */ 
+  ** array. */
   sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(db);
 
   return rc;
@@ -132707,7 +140147,7 @@ end_of_vacuum:
 /*
 ** Before a virtual table xCreate() or xConnect() method is invoked, the
 ** sqlite3.pVtabCtx member variable is set to point to an instance of
-** this struct allocated on the stack. It is used by the implementation of 
+** this struct allocated on the stack. It is used by the implementation of
 ** the sqlite3_declare_vtab() and sqlite3_vtab_config() APIs, both of which
 ** are invoked only from within xCreate and xConnect methods.
 */
@@ -132722,6 +140162,9 @@ struct VtabCtx {
 ** Construct and install a Module object for a virtual table.  When this
 ** routine is called, it is guaranteed that all appropriate locks are held
 ** and the module is not already part of the connection.
+**
+** If there already exists a module with zName, replace it with the new one.
+** If pModule==0, then delete the module zName if it exists.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database in which module is registered */
@@ -132731,25 +140174,36 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
   void (*xDestroy)(void *)        /* Module destructor function */
 ){
   Module *pMod;
-  int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-  pMod = (Module *)sqlite3Malloc(sizeof(Module) + nName + 1);
-  if( pMod==0 ){
-    sqlite3OomFault(db);
+  Module *pDel;
+  char *zCopy;
+  if( pModule==0 ){
+    zCopy = (char*)zName;
+    pMod = 0;
   }else{
-    Module *pDel;
-    char *zCopy = (char *)(&pMod[1]);
+    int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
+    pMod = (Module *)sqlite3Malloc(sizeof(Module) + nName + 1);
+    if( pMod==0 ){
+      sqlite3OomFault(db);
+      return 0;
+    }
+    zCopy = (char *)(&pMod[1]);
     memcpy(zCopy, zName, nName+1);
     pMod->zName = zCopy;
     pMod->pModule = pModule;
     pMod->pAux = pAux;
     pMod->xDestroy = xDestroy;
     pMod->pEpoTab = 0;
-    pDel = (Module *)sqlite3HashInsert(&db->aModule,zCopy,(void*)pMod);
-    assert( pDel==0 || pDel==pMod );
-    if( pDel ){
+    pMod->nRefModule = 1;
+  }
+  pDel = (Module *)sqlite3HashInsert(&db->aModule,zCopy,(void*)pMod);
+  if( pDel ){
+    if( pDel==pMod ){
       sqlite3OomFault(db);
       sqlite3DbFree(db, pDel);
       pMod = 0;
+    }else{
+      sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(db, pDel);
+      sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(db, pDel);
     }
   }
   return pMod;
@@ -132770,11 +140224,7 @@ static int createModule(
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  if( sqlite3HashFind(&db->aModule, zName) ){
-    rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-  }else{
-    (void)sqlite3VtabCreateModule(db, zName, pModule, pAux, xDestroy);
-  }
+  (void)sqlite3VtabCreateModule(db, zName, pModule, pAux, xDestroy);
   rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && xDestroy ) xDestroy(pAux);
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
@@ -132813,10 +140263,48 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
   return createModule(db, zName, pModule, pAux, xDestroy);
 }
 
+/*
+** External API to drop all virtual-table modules, except those named
+** on the azNames list.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_drop_modules(sqlite3 *db, const char** azNames){
+  HashElem *pThis, *pNext;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+#endif
+  for(pThis=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aModule); pThis; pThis=pNext){
+    Module *pMod = (Module*)sqliteHashData(pThis);
+    pNext = sqliteHashNext(pThis);
+    if( azNames ){
+      int ii;
+      for(ii=0; azNames[ii]!=0 && strcmp(azNames[ii],pMod->zName)!=0; ii++){}
+      if( azNames[ii]!=0 ) continue;
+    }
+    createModule(db, pMod->zName, 0, 0, 0);
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Decrement the reference count on a Module object.  Destroy the
+** module when the reference count reaches zero.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(sqlite3 *db, Module *pMod){
+  assert( pMod->nRefModule>0 );
+  pMod->nRefModule--;
+  if( pMod->nRefModule==0 ){
+    if( pMod->xDestroy ){
+      pMod->xDestroy(pMod->pAux);
+    }
+    assert( pMod->pEpoTab==0 );
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, pMod);
+  }
+}
+
 /*
 ** Lock the virtual table so that it cannot be disconnected.
 ** Locks nest.  Every lock should have a corresponding unlock.
-** If an unlock is omitted, resources leaks will occur.  
+** If an unlock is omitted, resources leaks will occur.
 **
 ** If a disconnect is attempted while a virtual table is locked,
 ** the disconnect is deferred until all locks have been removed.
@@ -132828,7 +140316,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *pVTab){
 
 /*
 ** pTab is a pointer to a Table structure representing a virtual-table.
-** Return a pointer to the VTable object used by connection db to access 
+** Return a pointer to the VTable object used by connection db to access
 ** this virtual-table, if one has been created, or NULL otherwise.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTab){
@@ -132852,6 +140340,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *pVTab){
   pVTab->nRef--;
   if( pVTab->nRef==0 ){
     sqlite3_vtab *p = pVTab->pVtab;
+    sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(pVTab->db, pVTab->pMod);
     if( p ){
       p->pModule->xDisconnect(p);
     }
@@ -132862,7 +140351,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *pVTab){
 /*
 ** Table p is a virtual table. This function moves all elements in the
 ** p->pVTable list to the sqlite3.pDisconnect lists of their associated
-** database connections to be disconnected at the next opportunity. 
+** database connections to be disconnected at the next opportunity.
 ** Except, if argument db is not NULL, then the entry associated with
 ** connection db is left in the p->pVTable list.
 */
@@ -132871,8 +140360,8 @@ static VTable *vtabDisconnectAll(sqlite3 *db, Table *p){
   VTable *pVTable = p->pVTable;
   p->pVTable = 0;
 
-  /* Assert that the mutex (if any) associated with the BtShared database 
-  ** that contains table p is held by the caller. See header comments 
+  /* Assert that the mutex (if any) associated with the BtShared database
+  ** that contains table p is held by the caller. See header comments
   ** above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an explanation of why
   ** this makes it safe to access the sqlite3.pDisconnect list of any
   ** database connection that may have an entry in the p->pVTable list.
@@ -132928,7 +140417,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p){
 ** Disconnect all the virtual table objects in the sqlite3.pDisconnect list.
 **
 ** This function may only be called when the mutexes associated with all
-** shared b-tree databases opened using connection db are held by the 
+** shared b-tree databases opened using connection db are held by the
 ** caller. This is done to protect the sqlite3.pDisconnect list. The
 ** sqlite3.pDisconnect list is accessed only as follows:
 **
@@ -132941,17 +140430,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p){
 **      or, if the virtual table is stored in a non-sharable database, then
 **      the database handle mutex is held.
 **
-** As a result, a sqlite3.pDisconnect cannot be accessed simultaneously 
+** As a result, a sqlite3.pDisconnect cannot be accessed simultaneously
 ** by multiple threads. It is thread-safe.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3 *db){
   VTable *p = db->pDisconnect;
-  db->pDisconnect = 0;
 
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(db) );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
 
   if( p ){
+    db->pDisconnect = 0;
     sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db, 0);
     do {
       VTable *pNext = p->pNext;
@@ -132967,12 +140456,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3 *db){
 ** record.
 **
 ** Since it is a virtual-table, the Table structure contains a pointer
-** to the head of a linked list of VTable structures. Each VTable 
+** to the head of a linked list of VTable structures. Each VTable
 ** structure is associated with a single sqlite3* user of the schema.
-** The reference count of the VTable structure associated with database 
-** connection db is decremented immediately (which may lead to the 
+** The reference count of the VTable structure associated with database
+** connection db is decremented immediately (which may lead to the
 ** structure being xDisconnected and free). Any other VTable structures
-** in the list are moved to the sqlite3.pDisconnect list of the associated 
+** in the list are moved to the sqlite3.pDisconnect list of the associated
 ** database connection.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table *p){
@@ -132992,9 +140481,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table *p){
 ** string will be freed automatically when the table is
 ** deleted.
 */
-static void addModuleArgument(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable, char *zArg){
-  int nBytes = sizeof(char *)*(2+pTable->nModuleArg);
+static void addModuleArgument(Parse *pParse, Table *pTable, char *zArg){
+  sqlite3_int64 nBytes = sizeof(char *)*(2+pTable->nModuleArg);
   char **azModuleArg;
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  if( pTable->nModuleArg+3>=db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many columns on %s", pTable->zName);
+  }
   azModuleArg = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pTable->azModuleArg, nBytes);
   if( azModuleArg==0 ){
     sqlite3DbFree(db, zArg);
@@ -133018,7 +140511,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(
   Token *pModuleName,   /* Name of the module for the virtual table */
   int ifNotExists       /* No error if the table already exists */
 ){
-  int iDb;              /* The database the table is being created in */
   Table *pTable;        /* The new virtual table */
   sqlite3 *db;          /* Database connection */
 
@@ -133028,13 +140520,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(
   assert( 0==pTable->pIndex );
 
   db = pParse->db;
-  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTable->pSchema);
-  assert( iDb>=0 );
 
   assert( pTable->nModuleArg==0 );
-  addModuleArgument(db, pTable, sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pModuleName));
-  addModuleArgument(db, pTable, 0);
-  addModuleArgument(db, pTable, sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pTable->zName));
+  addModuleArgument(pParse, pTable, sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pModuleName));
+  addModuleArgument(pParse, pTable, 0);
+  addModuleArgument(pParse, pTable, sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pTable->zName));
   assert( (pParse->sNameToken.z==pName2->z && pName2->z!=0)
        || (pParse->sNameToken.z==pName1->z && pName2->z==0)
   );
@@ -133045,11 +140535,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
   /* Creating a virtual table invokes the authorization callback twice.
   ** The first invocation, to obtain permission to INSERT a row into the
-  ** sqlite_master table, has already been made by sqlite3StartTable().
+  ** sqlite_schema table, has already been made by sqlite3StartTable().
   ** The second call, to obtain permission to create the table, is made now.
   */
   if( pTable->azModuleArg ){
-    sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE, pTable->zName, 
+    int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTable->pSchema);
+    assert( iDb>=0 ); /* The database the table is being created in */
+    sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE, pTable->zName,
             pTable->azModuleArg[0], pParse->db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName);
   }
 #endif
@@ -133065,7 +140557,7 @@ static void addArgumentToVtab(Parse *pParse){
     const char *z = (const char*)pParse->sArg.z;
     int n = pParse->sArg.n;
     sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-    addModuleArgument(db, pParse->pNewTable, sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, z, n));
+    addModuleArgument(pParse, pParse->pNewTable, sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, z, n));
   }
 }
 
@@ -133081,12 +140573,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse *pParse, Token *pEnd){
   addArgumentToVtab(pParse);
   pParse->sArg.z = 0;
   if( pTab->nModuleArg<1 ) return;
-  
+
   /* If the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement is being entered for the
   ** first time (in other words if the virtual table is actually being
-  ** created now instead of just being read out of sqlite_master) then
+  ** created now instead of just being read out of sqlite_schema) then
   ** do additional initialization work and store the statement text
-  ** in the sqlite_master table.
+  ** in the sqlite_schema table.
   */
   if( !db->init.busy ){
     char *zStmt;
@@ -133095,45 +140587,47 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse *pParse, Token *pEnd){
     int iReg;
     Vdbe *v;
 
+    sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
+
     /* Compute the complete text of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement */
     if( pEnd ){
       pParse->sNameToken.n = (int)(pEnd->z - pParse->sNameToken.z) + pEnd->n;
     }
     zStmt = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE %T", &pParse->sNameToken);
 
-    /* A slot for the record has already been allocated in the 
-    ** SQLITE_MASTER table.  We just need to update that slot with all
-    ** the information we've collected.  
+    /* A slot for the record has already been allocated in the
+    ** schema table.  We just need to update that slot with all
+    ** the information we've collected.
     **
     ** The VM register number pParse->regRowid holds the rowid of an
-    ** entry in the sqlite_master table tht was created for this vtab
+    ** entry in the sqlite_schema table tht was created for this vtab
     ** by sqlite3StartTable().
     */
     iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
     sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
-      "UPDATE %Q.%s "
+      "UPDATE %Q." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " "
          "SET type='table', name=%Q, tbl_name=%Q, rootpage=0, sql=%Q "
        "WHERE rowid=#%d",
-      db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, MASTER_NAME,
+      db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName,
       pTab->zName,
       pTab->zName,
       zStmt,
       pParse->regRowid
     );
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, zStmt);
     v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
     sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
 
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Expire);
-    zWhere = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "name='%q' AND type='table'", pTab->zName);
+    zWhere = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "name=%Q AND sql=%Q", pTab->zName, zStmt);
     sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(v, iDb, zWhere);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, zStmt);
 
     iReg = ++pParse->nMem;
     sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, iReg, pTab->zName);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_VCreate, iDb, iReg);
   }
 
-  /* If we are rereading the sqlite_master table create the in-memory
+  /* If we are rereading the sqlite_schema table create the in-memory
   ** record of the table. The xConnect() method is not called until
   ** the first time the virtual table is used in an SQL statement. This
   ** allows a schema that contains virtual tables to be loaded before
@@ -133184,7 +140678,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse *pParse, Token *p){
 ** to this procedure.
 */
 static int vtabCallConstructor(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
+  sqlite3 *db,
   Table *pTab,
   Module *pMod,
   int (*xConstruct)(sqlite3*,void*,int,const char*const*,sqlite3_vtab**,char**),
@@ -133203,7 +140697,7 @@ static int vtabCallConstructor(
   /* Check that the virtual-table is not already being initialized */
   for(pCtx=db->pVtabCtx; pCtx; pCtx=pCtx->pPrior){
     if( pCtx->pTab==pTab ){
-      *pzErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, 
+      *pzErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db,
           "vtable constructor called recursively: %s", pTab->zName
       );
       return SQLITE_LOCKED;
@@ -133223,6 +140717,7 @@ static int vtabCallConstructor(
   }
   pVTable->db = db;
   pVTable->pMod = pMod;
+  pVTable->eVtabRisk = SQLITE_VTABRISK_Normal;
 
   iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
   pTab->azModuleArg[1] = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
@@ -133253,6 +140748,7 @@ static int vtabCallConstructor(
     ** the sqlite3_vtab object if successful.  */
     memset(pVTable->pVtab, 0, sizeof(pVTable->pVtab[0]));
     pVTable->pVtab->pModule = pMod->pModule;
+    pMod->nRefModule++;
     pVTable->nRef = 1;
     if( sCtx.bDeclared==0 ){
       const char *zFormat = "vtable constructor did not declare schema: %s";
@@ -133261,9 +140757,9 @@ static int vtabCallConstructor(
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     }else{
       int iCol;
-      u8 oooHidden = 0;
+      u16 oooHidden = 0;
       /* If everything went according to plan, link the new VTable structure
-      ** into the linked list headed by pTab->pVTable. Then loop through the 
+      ** into the linked list headed by pTab->pVTable. Then loop through the
       ** columns of the table to see if any of them contain the token "hidden".
       ** If so, set the Column COLFLAG_HIDDEN flag and remove the token from
       ** the type string.  */
@@ -133308,7 +140804,7 @@ static int vtabCallConstructor(
 
 /*
 ** This function is invoked by the parser to call the xConnect() method
-** of the virtual table pTab. If an error occurs, an error code is returned 
+** of the virtual table pTab. If an error occurs, an error code is returned
 ** and an error left in pParse.
 **
 ** This call is a no-op if table pTab is not a virtual table.
@@ -133354,7 +140850,8 @@ static int growVTrans(sqlite3 *db){
   /* Grow the sqlite3.aVTrans array if required */
   if( (db->nVTrans%ARRAY_INCR)==0 ){
     VTable **aVTrans;
-    int nBytes = sizeof(sqlite3_vtab *) * (db->nVTrans + ARRAY_INCR);
+    sqlite3_int64 nBytes = sizeof(sqlite3_vtab*)*
+                                 ((sqlite3_int64)db->nVTrans + ARRAY_INCR);
     aVTrans = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, (void *)db->aVTrans, nBytes);
     if( !aVTrans ){
       return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
@@ -133378,7 +140875,7 @@ static void addToVTrans(sqlite3 *db, VTable *pVTab){
 
 /*
 ** This function is invoked by the vdbe to call the xCreate method
-** of the virtual table named zTab in database iDb. 
+** of the virtual table named zTab in database iDb.
 **
 ** If an error occurs, *pzErr is set to point to an English language
 ** description of the error and an SQLITE_XXX error code is returned.
@@ -133397,8 +140894,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zTab,
   zMod = pTab->azModuleArg[0];
   pMod = (Module*)sqlite3HashFind(&db->aModule, zMod);
 
-  /* If the module has been registered and includes a Create method, 
-  ** invoke it now. If the module has not been registered, return an 
+  /* If the module has been registered and includes a Create method,
+  ** invoke it now. If the module has not been registered, return an
   ** error. Otherwise, do nothing.
   */
   if( pMod==0 || pMod->pModule->xCreate==0 || pMod->pModule->xDestroy==0 ){
@@ -133451,7 +140948,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3 *db, const char *zCreateTable){
   sParse.eParseMode = PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB;
   sParse.db = db;
   sParse.nQueryLoop = 1;
-  if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3RunParser(&sParse, zCreateTable, &zErr) 
+  if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3RunParser(&sParse, zCreateTable, &zErr)
    && sParse.pNewTable
    && !db->mallocFailed
    && !sParse.pNewTable->pSelect
@@ -133526,7 +141023,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zTab
     }
     p = vtabDisconnectAll(db, pTab);
     xDestroy = p->pMod->pModule->xDestroy;
-    assert( xDestroy!=0 );  /* Checked before the virtual table is created */
+    if( xDestroy==0 ) xDestroy = p->pMod->pModule->xDisconnect;
+    assert( xDestroy!=0 );
+    pTab->nTabRef++;
     rc = xDestroy(p->pVtab);
     /* Remove the sqlite3_vtab* from the aVTrans[] array, if applicable */
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -133535,6 +141034,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zTab
       pTab->pVTable = 0;
       sqlite3VtabUnlock(p);
     }
+    sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pTab);
   }
 
   return rc;
@@ -133546,7 +141046,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zTab
 ** called is identified by the second argument, "offset", which is
 ** the offset of the method to call in the sqlite3_module structure.
 **
-** The array is cleared after invoking the callbacks. 
+** The array is cleared after invoking the callbacks.
 */
 static void callFinaliser(sqlite3 *db, int offset){
   int i;
@@ -133595,7 +141095,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** Invoke the xRollback method of all virtual tables in the 
+** Invoke the xRollback method of all virtual tables in the
 ** sqlite3.aVTrans array. Then clear the array itself.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db){
@@ -133604,7 +141104,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db){
 }
 
 /*
-** Invoke the xCommit method of all virtual tables in the 
+** Invoke the xCommit method of all virtual tables in the
 ** sqlite3.aVTrans array. Then clear the array itself.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db){
@@ -133626,7 +141126,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *db, VTable *pVTab){
 
   /* Special case: If db->aVTrans is NULL and db->nVTrans is greater
   ** than zero, then this function is being called from within a
-  ** virtual module xSync() callback. It is illegal to write to 
+  ** virtual module xSync() callback. It is illegal to write to
   ** virtual module tables in this case, so return SQLITE_LOCKED.
   */
   if( sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ){
@@ -133634,7 +141134,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *db, VTable *pVTab){
   }
   if( !pVTab ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
-  } 
+  }
   pModule = pVTab->pVtab->pModule;
 
   if( pModule->xBegin ){
@@ -133647,7 +141147,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *db, VTable *pVTab){
       }
     }
 
-    /* Invoke the xBegin method. If successful, add the vtab to the 
+    /* Invoke the xBegin method. If successful, add the vtab to the
     ** sqlite3.aVTrans[] array. */
     rc = growVTrans(db);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -133671,11 +141171,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *db, VTable *pVTab){
 ** as the second argument to the virtual table method invoked.
 **
 ** If op is SAVEPOINT_BEGIN, the xSavepoint method is invoked. If it is
-** SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, the xRollbackTo method. Otherwise, if op is 
+** SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, the xRollbackTo method. Otherwise, if op is
 ** SAVEPOINT_RELEASE, then the xRelease method of each virtual table with
 ** an open transaction is invoked.
 **
-** If any virtual table method returns an error code other than SQLITE_OK, 
+** If any virtual table method returns an error code other than SQLITE_OK,
 ** processing is abandoned and the error returned to the caller of this
 ** function immediately. If all calls to virtual table methods are successful,
 ** SQLITE_OK is returned.
@@ -133692,6 +141192,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *db, int op, int iSavepoint){
       const sqlite3_module *pMod = pVTab->pMod->pModule;
       if( pVTab->pVtab && pMod->iVersion>=2 ){
         int (*xMethod)(sqlite3_vtab *, int);
+        sqlite3VtabLock(pVTab);
         switch( op ){
           case SAVEPOINT_BEGIN:
             xMethod = pMod->xSavepoint;
@@ -133707,6 +141208,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *db, int op, int iSavepoint){
         if( xMethod && pVTab->iSavepoint>iSavepoint ){
           rc = xMethod(pVTab->pVtab, iSavepoint);
         }
+        sqlite3VtabUnlock(pVTab);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -133722,7 +141224,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *db, int op, int iSavepoint){
 ** This routine is used to allow virtual table implementations to
 ** overload MATCH, LIKE, GLOB, and REGEXP operators.
 **
-** Return either the pDef argument (indicating no change) or a 
+** Return either the pDef argument (indicating no change) or a
 ** new FuncDef structure that is marked as ephemeral using the
 ** SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM flag.
 */
@@ -133743,7 +141245,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(
   /* Check to see the left operand is a column in a virtual table */
   if( NEVER(pExpr==0) ) return pDef;
   if( pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return pDef;
-  pTab = pExpr->pTab;
+  pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
   if( pTab==0 ) return pDef;
   if( !IsVirtual(pTab) ) return pDef;
   pVtab = sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab)->pVtab;
@@ -133751,7 +141253,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(
   assert( pVtab->pModule!=0 );
   pMod = (sqlite3_module *)pVtab->pModule;
   if( pMod->xFindFunction==0 ) return pDef;
- 
+
   /* Call the xFindFunction method on the virtual table implementation
   ** to see if the implementation wants to overload this function.
   **
@@ -133805,7 +141307,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
     if( pTab==pToplevel->apVtabLock[i] ) return;
   }
   n = (pToplevel->nVtabLock+1)*sizeof(pToplevel->apVtabLock[0]);
-  apVtabLock = sqlite3_realloc64(pToplevel->apVtabLock, n);
+  apVtabLock = sqlite3Realloc(pToplevel->apVtabLock, n);
   if( apVtabLock ){
     pToplevel->apVtabLock = apVtabLock;
     pToplevel->apVtabLock[pToplevel->nVtabLock++] = pTab;
@@ -133848,9 +141350,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse *pParse, Module *pMod){
   pTab->pSchema = db->aDb[0].pSchema;
   assert( pTab->nModuleArg==0 );
   pTab->iPKey = -1;
-  addModuleArgument(db, pTab, sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pTab->zName));
-  addModuleArgument(db, pTab, 0);
-  addModuleArgument(db, pTab, sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pTab->zName));
+  addModuleArgument(pParse, pTab, sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pTab->zName));
+  addModuleArgument(pParse, pTab, 0);
+  addModuleArgument(pParse, pTab, sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pTab->zName));
   rc = vtabCallConstructor(db, pTab, pMod, pModule->xConnect, &zErr);
   if( rc ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s", zErr);
@@ -133869,7 +141371,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3 *db, Module *pMod){
   Table *pTab = pMod->pEpoTab;
   if( pTab!=0 ){
     /* Mark the table as Ephemeral prior to deleting it, so that the
-    ** sqlite3DeleteTable() routine will know that it is not stored in 
+    ** sqlite3DeleteTable() routine will know that it is not stored in
     ** the schema. */
     pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral;
     sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pTab);
@@ -133885,8 +141387,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3 *db, Module *pMod){
 ** within an xUpdate method.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *db){
-  static const unsigned char aMap[] = { 
-    SQLITE_ROLLBACK, SQLITE_ABORT, SQLITE_FAIL, SQLITE_IGNORE, SQLITE_REPLACE 
+  static const unsigned char aMap[] = {
+    SQLITE_ROLLBACK, SQLITE_ABORT, SQLITE_FAIL, SQLITE_IGNORE, SQLITE_REPLACE
   };
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
   if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
@@ -133898,35 +141400,45 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *db){
 }
 
 /*
-** Call from within the xCreate() or xConnect() methods to provide 
+** Call from within the xCreate() or xConnect() methods to provide
 ** the SQLite core with additional information about the behavior
 ** of the virtual table being implemented.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3 *db, int op, ...){
   va_list ap;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  VtabCtx *p;
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
   if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
 #endif
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-  va_start(ap, op);
-  switch( op ){
-    case SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT: {
-      VtabCtx *p = db->pVtabCtx;
-      if( !p ){
-        rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-      }else{
-        assert( p->pTab==0 || IsVirtual(p->pTab) );
+  p = db->pVtabCtx;
+  if( !p ){
+    rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+  }else{
+    assert( p->pTab==0 || IsVirtual(p->pTab) );
+    va_start(ap, op);
+    switch( op ){
+      case SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT: {
         p->pVTable->bConstraint = (u8)va_arg(ap, int);
+        break;
+      }
+      case SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS: {
+        p->pVTable->eVtabRisk = SQLITE_VTABRISK_Low;
+        break;
+      }
+      case SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY: {
+        p->pVTable->eVtabRisk = SQLITE_VTABRISK_High;
+        break;
+      }
+      default: {
+        rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+        break;
       }
-      break;
     }
-    default:
-      rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-      break;
+    va_end(ap);
   }
-  va_end(ap);
 
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) sqlite3Error(db, rc);
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
@@ -133975,6 +141487,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3 *db, int op, ...){
 ** planner logic in "where.c".  These definitions are broken out into
 ** a separate source file for easier editing.
 */
+#ifndef SQLITE_WHEREINT_H
+#define SQLITE_WHEREINT_H
 
 /*
 ** Trace output macros
@@ -134030,13 +141544,15 @@ struct WhereLevel {
   int addrCont;         /* Jump here to continue with the next loop cycle */
   int addrFirst;        /* First instruction of interior of the loop */
   int addrBody;         /* Beginning of the body of this loop */
+  int regBignull;       /* big-null flag reg. True if a NULL-scan is needed */
+  int addrBignull;      /* Jump here for next part of big-null scan */
 #ifndef SQLITE_LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS
   u32 iLikeRepCntr;     /* LIKE range processing counter register (times 2) */
   int addrLikeRep;      /* LIKE range processing address */
 #endif
   u8 iFrom;             /* Which entry in the FROM clause */
   u8 op, p3, p5;        /* Opcode, P3 & P5 of the opcode that ends the loop */
-  int p1, p2;           /* Operands of the opcode used to ends the loop */
+  int p1, p2;           /* Operands of the opcode used to end the loop */
   union {               /* Information that depends on pWLoop->wsFlags */
     struct {
       int nIn;              /* Number of entries in aInLoop[] */
@@ -134087,7 +141603,7 @@ struct WhereLoop {
       u16 nEq;               /* Number of equality constraints */
       u16 nBtm;              /* Size of BTM vector */
       u16 nTop;              /* Size of TOP vector */
-      u16 nIdxCol;           /* Index column used for ORDER BY */
+      u16 nDistinctCol;      /* Index columns used to sort for DISTINCT */
       Index *pIndex;         /* Index used, or NULL */
     } btree;
     struct {               /* Information for virtual tables */
@@ -134111,7 +141627,7 @@ struct WhereLoop {
 
 /* This object holds the prerequisites and the cost of running a
 ** subquery on one operand of an OR operator in the WHERE clause.
-** See WhereOrSet for additional information 
+** See WhereOrSet for additional information
 */
 struct WhereOrCost {
   Bitmask prereq;     /* Prerequisites */
@@ -134163,7 +141679,7 @@ struct WherePath {
 ** clause subexpression is separated from the others by AND operators,
 ** usually, or sometimes subexpressions separated by OR.
 **
-** All WhereTerms are collected into a single WhereClause structure.  
+** All WhereTerms are collected into a single WhereClause structure.
 ** The following identity holds:
 **
 **        WhereTerm.pWC->a[WhereTerm.idx] == WhereTerm
@@ -134218,9 +141734,11 @@ struct WhereTerm {
   u8 eMatchOp;            /* Op for vtab MATCH/LIKE/GLOB/REGEXP terms */
   int iParent;            /* Disable pWC->a[iParent] when this term disabled */
   int leftCursor;         /* Cursor number of X in "X <op> <expr>" */
-  int iField;             /* Field in (?,?,?) IN (SELECT...) vector */
   union {
-    int leftColumn;         /* Column number of X in "X <op> <expr>" */
+    struct {
+      int leftColumn;         /* Column number of X in "X <op> <expr>" */
+      int iField;             /* Field in (?,?,?) IN (SELECT...) vector */
+    } x;                    /* Opcode other than OP_OR or OP_AND */
     WhereOrInfo *pOrInfo;   /* Extra information if (eOperator & WO_OR)!=0 */
     WhereAndInfo *pAndInfo; /* Extra information if (eOperator& WO_AND)!=0 */
   } u;
@@ -134231,23 +141749,29 @@ struct WhereTerm {
 /*
 ** Allowed values of WhereTerm.wtFlags
 */
-#define TERM_DYNAMIC    0x01   /* Need to call sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr) */
-#define TERM_VIRTUAL    0x02   /* Added by the optimizer.  Do not code */
-#define TERM_CODED      0x04   /* This term is already coded */
-#define TERM_COPIED     0x08   /* Has a child */
-#define TERM_ORINFO     0x10   /* Need to free the WhereTerm.u.pOrInfo object */
-#define TERM_ANDINFO    0x20   /* Need to free the WhereTerm.u.pAndInfo obj */
-#define TERM_OR_OK      0x40   /* Used during OR-clause processing */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-#  define TERM_VNULL    0x80   /* Manufactured x>NULL or x<=NULL term */
-#else
-#  define TERM_VNULL    0x00   /* Disabled if not using stat3 */
-#endif
-#define TERM_LIKEOPT    0x100  /* Virtual terms from the LIKE optimization */
-#define TERM_LIKECOND   0x200  /* Conditionally this LIKE operator term */
-#define TERM_LIKE       0x400  /* The original LIKE operator */
-#define TERM_IS         0x800  /* Term.pExpr is an IS operator */
+#define TERM_DYNAMIC    0x0001 /* Need to call sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr) */
+#define TERM_VIRTUAL    0x0002 /* Added by the optimizer.  Do not code */
+#define TERM_CODED      0x0004 /* This term is already coded */
+#define TERM_COPIED     0x0008 /* Has a child */
+#define TERM_ORINFO     0x0010 /* Need to free the WhereTerm.u.pOrInfo object */
+#define TERM_ANDINFO    0x0020 /* Need to free the WhereTerm.u.pAndInfo obj */
+#define TERM_OR_OK      0x0040 /* Used during OR-clause processing */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+#  define TERM_VNULL    0x0080 /* Manufactured x>NULL or x<=NULL term */
+#else
+#  define TERM_VNULL    0x0000 /* Disabled if not using stat4 */
+#endif
+#define TERM_LIKEOPT    0x0100 /* Virtual terms from the LIKE optimization */
+#define TERM_LIKECOND   0x0200 /* Conditionally this LIKE operator term */
+#define TERM_LIKE       0x0400 /* The original LIKE operator */
+#define TERM_IS         0x0800 /* Term.pExpr is an IS operator */
 #define TERM_VARSELECT  0x1000 /* Term.pExpr contains a correlated sub-query */
+#define TERM_HEURTRUTH  0x2000 /* Heuristic truthProb used */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+#  define TERM_HIGHTRUTH  0x4000 /* Term excludes few rows */
+#else
+#  define TERM_HIGHTRUTH  0      /* Only used with STAT4 */
+#endif
 
 /*
 ** An instance of the WhereScan object is used as an iterator for locating
@@ -134315,8 +141839,8 @@ struct WhereAndInfo {
 ** An instance of the following structure keeps track of a mapping
 ** between VDBE cursor numbers and bits of the bitmasks in WhereTerm.
 **
-** The VDBE cursor numbers are small integers contained in 
-** SrcList_item.iCursor and Expr.iTable fields.  For any given WHERE 
+** The VDBE cursor numbers are small integers contained in
+** SrcList_item.iCursor and Expr.iTable fields.  For any given WHERE
 ** clause, the cursor numbers might not begin with 0 and they might
 ** contain gaps in the numbering sequence.  But we want to make maximum
 ** use of the bits in our bitmasks.  This structure provides a mapping
@@ -134358,16 +141882,54 @@ struct WhereLoopBuilder {
   ExprList *pOrderBy;       /* ORDER BY clause */
   WhereLoop *pNew;          /* Template WhereLoop */
   WhereOrSet *pOrSet;       /* Record best loops here, if not NULL */
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   UnpackedRecord *pRec;     /* Probe for stat4 (if required) */
   int nRecValid;            /* Number of valid fields currently in pRec */
 #endif
-  unsigned int bldFlags;    /* SQLITE_BLDF_* flags */
+  unsigned char bldFlags1;  /* First set of SQLITE_BLDF_* flags */
+  unsigned char bldFlags2;  /* Second set of SQLITE_BLDF_* flags */
+  unsigned int iPlanLimit;  /* Search limiter */
 };
 
 /* Allowed values for WhereLoopBuider.bldFlags */
-#define SQLITE_BLDF_INDEXED  0x0001   /* An index is used */
-#define SQLITE_BLDF_UNIQUE   0x0002   /* All keys of a UNIQUE index used */
+#define SQLITE_BLDF1_INDEXED  0x0001   /* An index is used */
+#define SQLITE_BLDF1_UNIQUE   0x0002   /* All keys of a UNIQUE index used */
+
+#define SQLITE_BLDF2_2NDPASS  0x0004   /* Second builder pass needed */
+
+/* The WhereLoopBuilder.iPlanLimit is used to limit the number of
+** index+constraint combinations the query planner will consider for a
+** particular query.  If this parameter is unlimited, then certain
+** pathological queries can spend excess time in the sqlite3WhereBegin()
+** routine.  The limit is high enough that is should not impact real-world
+** queries.
+**
+** SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT is the baseline limit.  The limit is
+** increased by SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT_INCR before each term of the FROM
+** clause is processed, so that every table in a join is guaranteed to be
+** able to propose a some index+constraint combinations even if the initial
+** baseline limit was exhausted by prior tables of the join.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT
+# define SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT 20000
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT_INCR
+# define SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT_INCR 1000
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Each instance of this object records a change to a single node
+** in an expression tree to cause that node to point to a column
+** of an index rather than an expression or a virtual column.  All
+** such transformations need to be undone at the end of WHERE clause
+** processing.
+*/
+typedef struct WhereExprMod WhereExprMod;
+struct WhereExprMod {
+  WhereExprMod *pNext;  /* Next translation on a list of them all */
+  Expr *pExpr;          /* The Expr node that was transformed */
+  Expr orig;            /* Original value of the Expr node */
+};
 
 /*
 ** The WHERE clause processing routine has two halves.  The
@@ -134385,23 +141947,26 @@ struct WhereInfo {
   ExprList *pOrderBy;       /* The ORDER BY clause or NULL */
   ExprList *pResultSet;     /* Result set of the query */
   Expr *pWhere;             /* The complete WHERE clause */
-  LogEst iLimit;            /* LIMIT if wctrlFlags has WHERE_USE_LIMIT */
   int aiCurOnePass[2];      /* OP_OpenWrite cursors for the ONEPASS opt */
   int iContinue;            /* Jump here to continue with next record */
   int iBreak;               /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
   int savedNQueryLoop;      /* pParse->nQueryLoop outside the WHERE loop */
   u16 wctrlFlags;           /* Flags originally passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() */
+  LogEst iLimit;            /* LIMIT if wctrlFlags has WHERE_USE_LIMIT */
   u8 nLevel;                /* Number of nested loop */
   i8 nOBSat;                /* Number of ORDER BY terms satisfied by indices */
-  u8 sorted;                /* True if really sorted (not just grouped) */
   u8 eOnePass;              /* ONEPASS_OFF, or _SINGLE, or _MULTI */
-  u8 untestedTerms;         /* Not all WHERE terms resolved by outer loop */
   u8 eDistinct;             /* One of the WHERE_DISTINCT_* values */
-  u8 bOrderedInnerLoop;     /* True if only the inner-most loop is ordered */
+  unsigned bDeferredSeek :1;   /* Uses OP_DeferredSeek */
+  unsigned untestedTerms :1;   /* Not all WHERE terms resolved by outer loop */
+  unsigned bOrderedInnerLoop:1;/* True if only the inner-most loop is ordered */
+  unsigned sorted :1;          /* True if really sorted (not just grouped) */
+  LogEst nRowOut;           /* Estimated number of output rows */
   int iTop;                 /* The very beginning of the WHERE loop */
+  int iEndWhere;            /* End of the WHERE clause itself */
   WhereLoop *pLoops;        /* List of all WhereLoop objects */
+  WhereExprMod *pExprMods;  /* Expression modifications */
   Bitmask revMask;          /* Mask of ORDER BY terms that need reversing */
-  LogEst nRowOut;           /* Estimated number of output rows */
   WhereClause sWC;          /* Decomposition of the WHERE clause */
   WhereMaskSet sMaskSet;    /* Map cursor numbers to bitmasks */
   WhereLevel a[1];          /* Information about each nest loop in WHERE */
@@ -134415,6 +141980,8 @@ struct WhereInfo {
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereGetMask(WhereMaskSet*,int);
 #ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereClausePrint(WhereClause *pWC);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereTermPrint(WhereTerm *pTerm, int iTerm);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(WhereLoop *p, WhereClause *pWC);
 #endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereTerm *sqlite3WhereFindTerm(
   WhereClause *pWC,     /* The WHERE clause to be searched */
@@ -134447,8 +142014,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereAddScanStatus(
 # define sqlite3WhereAddScanStatus(a, b, c, d) ((void)d)
 #endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
+  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
+  Vdbe *v,             /* Prepared statement under construction */
   WhereInfo *pWInfo,   /* Complete information about the WHERE clause */
   int iLevel,          /* Which level of pWInfo->a[] should be coded */
+  WhereLevel *pLevel,  /* The current level pointer */
   Bitmask notReady     /* Which tables are currently available */
 );
 
@@ -134521,6 +142091,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereTabFuncArgs(Parse*, struct SrcList_item*, WhereC
 #define WHERE_UNQ_WANTED   0x00010000  /* WHERE_ONEROW would have been helpful*/
 #define WHERE_PARTIALIDX   0x00020000  /* The automatic index is partial */
 #define WHERE_IN_EARLYOUT  0x00040000  /* Perhaps quit IN loops early */
+#define WHERE_BIGNULL_SORT 0x00080000  /* Column nEq of index is BIGNULL */
+#define WHERE_IN_SEEKSCAN  0x00100000  /* Seek-scan optimization for IN */
+
+#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_WHEREINT_H) */
 
 /************** End of whereInt.h ********************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in wherecode.c ******************/
@@ -134576,7 +142150,7 @@ static void explainAppendTerm(
 }
 
 /*
-** Argument pLevel describes a strategy for scanning table pTab. This 
+** Argument pLevel describes a strategy for scanning table pTab. This
 ** function appends text to pStr that describes the subset of table
 ** rows scanned by the strategy in the form of an SQL expression.
 **
@@ -134617,7 +142191,7 @@ static void explainIndexRange(StrAccum *pStr, WhereLoop *pLoop){
 /*
 ** This function is a no-op unless currently processing an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
 ** command, or if either SQLITE_DEBUG or SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS was
-** defined at compile-time. If it is not a no-op, a single OP_Explain opcode 
+** defined at compile-time. If it is not a no-op, a single OP_Explain opcode
 ** is added to the output to describe the table scan strategy in pLevel.
 **
 ** If an OP_Explain opcode is added to the VM, its address is returned.
@@ -134700,7 +142274,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereExplainOneScan(
         assert( flags&WHERE_TOP_LIMIT);
         zRangeOp = "<";
       }
-      sqlite3_str_appendf(&str, 
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(&str,
           " USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid%s?)",zRangeOp);
     }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
@@ -134718,6 +142292,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereExplainOneScan(
     }
 #endif
     zMsg = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&str);
+    sqlite3ExplainBreakpoint("",zMsg);
     ret = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Explain, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v),
                             pParse->addrExplain, 0, zMsg,P4_DYNAMIC);
   }
@@ -134728,11 +142303,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereExplainOneScan(
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
 /*
 ** Configure the VM passed as the first argument with an
-** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() entry corresponding to the scan used to 
-** implement level pLvl. Argument pSrclist is a pointer to the FROM 
+** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() entry corresponding to the scan used to
+** implement level pLvl. Argument pSrclist is a pointer to the FROM
 ** clause that the scan reads data from.
 **
-** If argument addrExplain is not 0, it must be the address of an 
+** If argument addrExplain is not 0, it must be the address of an
 ** OP_Explain instruction that describes the same loop.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereAddScanStatus(
@@ -134788,7 +142363,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereAddScanStatus(
 **
 ** Only the parent term was in the original WHERE clause.  The child1
 ** and child2 terms were added by the LIKE optimization.  If both of
-** the virtual child terms are valid, then testing of the parent can be 
+** the virtual child terms are valid, then testing of the parent can be
 ** skipped.
 **
 ** Usually the parent term is marked as TERM_CODED.  But if the parent
@@ -134820,11 +142395,11 @@ static void disableTerm(WhereLevel *pLevel, WhereTerm *pTerm){
 
 /*
 ** Code an OP_Affinity opcode to apply the column affinity string zAff
-** to the n registers starting at base. 
+** to the n registers starting at base.
 **
-** As an optimization, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB entries (which are no-ops) at the
-** beginning and end of zAff are ignored.  If all entries in zAff are
-** SQLITE_AFF_BLOB, then no code gets generated.
+** As an optimization, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB and SQLITE_AFF_NONE entries (which
+** are no-ops) at the beginning and end of zAff are ignored.  If all entries
+** in zAff are SQLITE_AFF_BLOB or SQLITE_AFF_NONE, then no code gets generated.
 **
 ** This routine makes its own copy of zAff so that the caller is free
 ** to modify zAff after this routine returns.
@@ -134837,15 +142412,16 @@ static void codeApplyAffinity(Parse *pParse, int base, int n, char *zAff){
   }
   assert( v!=0 );
 
-  /* Adjust base and n to skip over SQLITE_AFF_BLOB entries at the beginning
-  ** and end of the affinity string.
+  /* Adjust base and n to skip over SQLITE_AFF_BLOB and SQLITE_AFF_NONE
+  ** entries at the beginning and end of the affinity string.
   */
-  while( n>0 && zAff[0]==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
+  assert( SQLITE_AFF_NONE<SQLITE_AFF_BLOB );
+  while( n>0 && zAff[0]<=SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
     n--;
     base++;
     zAff++;
   }
-  while( n>1 && zAff[n-1]==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
+  while( n>1 && zAff[n-1]<=SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
     n--;
   }
 
@@ -134856,7 +142432,7 @@ static void codeApplyAffinity(Parse *pParse, int base, int n, char *zAff){
 }
 
 /*
-** Expression pRight, which is the RHS of a comparison operation, is 
+** Expression pRight, which is the RHS of a comparison operation, is
 ** either a vector of n elements or, if n==1, a scalar expression.
 ** Before the comparison operation, affinity zAff is to be applied
 ** to the pRight values. This function modifies characters within the
@@ -134918,7 +142494,8 @@ static Expr *removeUnindexableInClauseTerms(
   Expr *pX              /* The IN expression to be reduced */
 ){
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  Expr *pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pX, 0);
+  Expr *pNew;
+  pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pX, 0);
   if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
     ExprList *pOrigRhs = pNew->x.pSelect->pEList;  /* Original unmodified RHS */
     ExprList *pOrigLhs = pNew->pLeft->x.pList;     /* Original unmodified LHS */
@@ -134929,8 +142506,8 @@ static Expr *removeUnindexableInClauseTerms(
 
     for(i=iEq; i<pLoop->nLTerm; i++){
       if( pLoop->aLTerm[i]->pExpr==pX ){
-        int iField = pLoop->aLTerm[i]->iField - 1;
-        assert( pOrigRhs->a[iField].pExpr!=0 );
+        int iField = pLoop->aLTerm[i]->u.x.iField - 1;
+        if( pOrigRhs->a[iField].pExpr==0 ) continue; /* Duplicate PK column */
         pRhs = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pRhs, pOrigRhs->a[iField].pExpr);
         pOrigRhs->a[iField].pExpr = 0;
         assert( pOrigLhs->a[iField].pExpr!=0 );
@@ -134953,12 +142530,12 @@ static Expr *removeUnindexableInClauseTerms(
     }
     pSelect = pNew->x.pSelect;
     if( pSelect->pOrderBy ){
-      /* If the SELECT statement has an ORDER BY clause, zero the 
-      ** iOrderByCol variables. These are set to non-zero when an 
-      ** ORDER BY term exactly matches one of the terms of the 
+      /* If the SELECT statement has an ORDER BY clause, zero the
+      ** iOrderByCol variables. These are set to non-zero when an
+      ** ORDER BY term exactly matches one of the terms of the
       ** result-set. Since the result-set of the SELECT statement may
-      ** have been modified or reordered, these variables are no longer 
-      ** set correctly.  Since setting them is just an optimization, 
+      ** have been modified or reordered, these variables are no longer
+      ** set correctly.  Since setting them is just an optimization,
       ** it's easiest just to zero them here.  */
       ExprList *pOrderBy = pSelect->pOrderBy;
       for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
@@ -134979,7 +142556,7 @@ static Expr *removeUnindexableInClauseTerms(
 
 /*
 ** Generate code for a single equality term of the WHERE clause.  An equality
-** term can be either X=expr or X IN (...).   pTerm is the term to be 
+** term can be either X=expr or X IN (...).   pTerm is the term to be
 ** coded.
 **
 ** The current value for the constraint is left in a register, the index
@@ -135043,16 +142620,17 @@ static int codeEqualityTerm(
       if( pLoop->aLTerm[i]->pExpr==pX ) nEq++;
     }
 
+    iTab = 0;
     if( (pX->flags & EP_xIsSelect)==0 || pX->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr==1 ){
-      eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pX, IN_INDEX_LOOP, 0, 0);
+      eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pX, IN_INDEX_LOOP, 0, 0, &iTab);
     }else{
       sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
       pX = removeUnindexableInClauseTerms(pParse, iEq, pLoop, pX);
 
       if( !db->mallocFailed ){
         aiMap = (int*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(int)*nEq);
-        eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pX, IN_INDEX_LOOP, 0, aiMap);
-        pTerm->pExpr->iTable = pX->iTable;
+        eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pX, IN_INDEX_LOOP, 0, aiMap, &iTab);
+        pTerm->pExpr->iTable = iTab;
       }
       sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pX);
       pX = pTerm->pExpr;
@@ -135062,7 +142640,6 @@ static int codeEqualityTerm(
       testcase( bRev );
       bRev = !bRev;
     }
-    iTab = pX->iTable;
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, bRev ? OP_Last : OP_Rewind, iTab, 0);
     VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev);
     VdbeCoverageIf(v, !bRev);
@@ -135070,7 +142647,10 @@ static int codeEqualityTerm(
 
     pLoop->wsFlags |= WHERE_IN_ABLE;
     if( pLevel->u.in.nIn==0 ){
-      pLevel->addrNxt = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+      pLevel->addrNxt = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+    }
+    if( iEq>0 && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_SEEKSCAN)==0 ){
+      pLoop->wsFlags |= WHERE_IN_EARLYOUT;
     }
 
     i = pLevel->u.in.nIn;
@@ -135086,7 +142666,6 @@ static int codeEqualityTerm(
         if( pLoop->aLTerm[i]->pExpr==pX ){
           int iOut = iReg + i - iEq;
           if( eType==IN_INDEX_ROWID ){
-            testcase( nEq>1 );  /* Happens with a UNIQUE index on ROWID */
             pIn->addrInTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iTab, iOut);
           }else{
             int iCol = aiMap ? aiMap[iMap++] : 0;
@@ -135096,10 +142675,9 @@ static int codeEqualityTerm(
           if( i==iEq ){
             pIn->iCur = iTab;
             pIn->eEndLoopOp = bRev ? OP_Prev : OP_Next;
-            if( iEq>0 && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0 ){
+            if( iEq>0 ){
               pIn->iBase = iReg - i;
               pIn->nPrefix = i;
-              pLoop->wsFlags |= WHERE_IN_EARLYOUT;
             }else{
               pIn->nPrefix = 0;
             }
@@ -135109,6 +142687,14 @@ static int codeEqualityTerm(
           pIn++;
         }
       }
+      testcase( iEq>0
+                && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_SEEKSCAN)==0
+                && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)!=0 );
+      if( iEq>0
+       && (pLoop->wsFlags & (WHERE_IN_SEEKSCAN|WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE))==0
+      ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SeekHit, pLevel->iIdxCur, 0, iEq);
+      }
     }else{
       pLevel->u.in.nIn = 0;
     }
@@ -135126,7 +142712,7 @@ static int codeEqualityTerm(
 ** For example, consider table t1(a,b,c,d,e,f) with index i1(a,b,c).
 ** Suppose the WHERE clause is this:  a==5 AND b IN (1,2,3) AND c>5 AND c<10
 ** The index has as many as three equality constraints, but in this
-** example, the third "c" value is an inequality.  So only two 
+** example, the third "c" value is an inequality.  So only two
 ** constraints are coded.  This routine will generate code to evaluate
 ** a==5 and b IN (1,2,3).  The current values for a and b will be stored
 ** in consecutive registers and the index of the first register is returned.
@@ -135216,7 +142802,7 @@ static int codeAllEqualityTerms(
       testcase( pIdx->aiColumn[j]==XN_EXPR );
       VdbeComment((v, "%s", explainIndexColumnName(pIdx, j)));
     }
-  }    
+  }
 
   /* Evaluate the equality constraints
   */
@@ -135225,7 +142811,7 @@ static int codeAllEqualityTerms(
     int r1;
     pTerm = pLoop->aLTerm[j];
     assert( pTerm!=0 );
-    /* The following testcase is true for indices with redundant columns. 
+    /* The following testcase is true for indices with redundant columns.
     ** Ex: CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a,b,a); SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=0 AND b=0; */
     testcase( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED)!=0 );
     testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
@@ -135241,8 +142827,8 @@ static int codeAllEqualityTerms(
     if( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN ){
       if( pTerm->pExpr->flags & EP_xIsSelect ){
         /* No affinity ever needs to be (or should be) applied to a value
-        ** from the RHS of an "? IN (SELECT ...)" expression. The 
-        ** sqlite3FindInIndex() routine has already ensured that the 
+        ** from the RHS of an "? IN (SELECT ...)" expression. The
+        ** sqlite3FindInIndex() routine has already ensured that the
         ** affinity of the comparison has been applied to the value.  */
         if( zAff ) zAff[j] = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
       }
@@ -135269,7 +142855,7 @@ static int codeAllEqualityTerms(
 #ifndef SQLITE_LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS
 /*
 ** If the most recently coded instruction is a constant range constraint
-** (a string literal) that originated from the LIKE optimization, then 
+** (a string literal) that originated from the LIKE optimization, then
 ** set P3 and P5 on the OP_String opcode so that the string will be cast
 ** to a BLOB at appropriate times.
 **
@@ -135294,7 +142880,7 @@ static void whereLikeOptimizationStringFixup(
     assert( pLevel->iLikeRepCntr>0 );
     pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, -1);
     assert( pOp!=0 );
-    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_String8 
+    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_String8
             || pTerm->pWC->pWInfo->pParse->db->mallocFailed );
     pOp->p3 = (int)(pLevel->iLikeRepCntr>>1);  /* Register holding counter */
     pOp->p5 = (u8)(pLevel->iLikeRepCntr&1);    /* ASC or DESC */
@@ -135327,7 +142913,7 @@ static int codeCursorHintCheckExpr(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
   assert( pHint->pIdx!=0 );
   if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN
    && pExpr->iTable==pHint->iTabCur
-   && sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(pHint->pIdx, pExpr->iColumn)<0
+   && sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(pHint->pIdx, pExpr->iColumn)<0
   ){
     pWalker->eCode = 1;
   }
@@ -135337,7 +142923,7 @@ static int codeCursorHintCheckExpr(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
 /*
 ** Test whether or not expression pExpr, which was part of a WHERE clause,
 ** should be included in the cursor-hint for a table that is on the rhs
-** of a LEFT JOIN. Set Walker.eCode to non-zero before returning if the 
+** of a LEFT JOIN. Set Walker.eCode to non-zero before returning if the
 ** expression is not suitable.
 **
 ** An expression is unsuitable if it might evaluate to non NULL even if
@@ -135350,9 +142936,9 @@ static int codeCursorHintCheckExpr(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
 **   CASE WHEN col THEN 0 ELSE 1 END
 */
 static int codeCursorHintIsOrFunction(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
-  if( pExpr->op==TK_IS 
-   || pExpr->op==TK_ISNULL || pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT 
-   || pExpr->op==TK_NOTNULL || pExpr->op==TK_CASE 
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_IS
+   || pExpr->op==TK_ISNULL || pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT
+   || pExpr->op==TK_NOTNULL || pExpr->op==TK_CASE
   ){
     pWalker->eCode = 1;
   }else if( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
@@ -135373,10 +142959,10 @@ static int codeCursorHintIsOrFunction(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
 ** that accesses any table other than the one identified by
 ** CCurHint.iTabCur, then do the following:
 **
-**   1) allocate a register and code an OP_Column instruction to read 
+**   1) allocate a register and code an OP_Column instruction to read
 **      the specified column into the new register, and
 **
-**   2) transform the expression node to a TK_REGISTER node that reads 
+**   2) transform the expression node to a TK_REGISTER node that reads
 **      from the newly populated register.
 **
 ** Also, if the node is a TK_COLUMN that does access the table idenified
@@ -135395,7 +142981,7 @@ static int codeCursorHintFixExpr(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
       pExpr->iTable = reg;
     }else if( pHint->pIdx!=0 ){
       pExpr->iTable = pHint->iIdxCur;
-      pExpr->iColumn = sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(pHint->pIdx, pExpr->iColumn);
+      pExpr->iColumn = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(pHint->pIdx, pExpr->iColumn);
       assert( pExpr->iColumn>=0 );
     }
   }else if( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION ){
@@ -135404,7 +142990,7 @@ static int codeCursorHintFixExpr(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
     ** the parent context. Do not walk the function arguments in this case.
     **
     ** todo: It should be possible to replace this node with a TK_REGISTER
-    ** expression, as the result of the expression must be stored in a 
+    ** expression, as the result of the expression must be stored in a
     ** register at this point. The same holds for TK_AGG_COLUMN nodes. */
     rc = WRC_Prune;
   }
@@ -135447,18 +143033,18 @@ static void codeCursorHint(
     if( pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;
     if( pTerm->prereqAll & pLevel->notReady ) continue;
 
-    /* Any terms specified as part of the ON(...) clause for any LEFT 
+    /* Any terms specified as part of the ON(...) clause for any LEFT
     ** JOIN for which the current table is not the rhs are omitted
-    ** from the cursor-hint. 
+    ** from the cursor-hint.
     **
-    ** If this table is the rhs of a LEFT JOIN, "IS" or "IS NULL" terms 
+    ** If this table is the rhs of a LEFT JOIN, "IS" or "IS NULL" terms
     ** that were specified as part of the WHERE clause must be excluded.
     ** This is to address the following:
     **
     **   SELECT ... t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON (t1.a=t2.b) WHERE t2.c IS NULL;
     **
     ** Say there is a single row in t2 that matches (t1.a=t2.b), but its
-    ** t2.c values is not NULL. If the (t2.c IS NULL) constraint is 
+    ** t2.c values is not NULL. If the (t2.c IS NULL) constraint is
     ** pushed down to the cursor, this row is filtered out, causing
     ** SQLite to synthesize a row of NULL values. Which does match the
     ** WHERE clause, and so the query returns a row. Which is incorrect.
@@ -135471,7 +143057,7 @@ static void codeCursorHint(
     */
     if( pTabItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT ){
       Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
-      if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) 
+      if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
        || pExpr->iRightJoinTable!=pTabItem->iCursor
       ){
         sWalker.eCode = 0;
@@ -135504,12 +143090,12 @@ static void codeCursorHint(
     }
 
     /* If we survive all prior tests, that means this term is worth hinting */
-    pExpr = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pExpr, sqlite3ExprDup(db, pTerm->pExpr, 0));
+    pExpr = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, pExpr, sqlite3ExprDup(db, pTerm->pExpr, 0));
   }
   if( pExpr!=0 ){
     sWalker.xExprCallback = codeCursorHintFixExpr;
     sqlite3WalkExpr(&sWalker, pExpr);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_CursorHint, 
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_CursorHint,
                       (sHint.pIdx ? sHint.iIdxCur : sHint.iTabCur), 0, 0,
                       (const char*)pExpr, P4_EXPR);
   }
@@ -135521,7 +143107,7 @@ static void codeCursorHint(
 /*
 ** Cursor iCur is open on an intkey b-tree (a table). Register iRowid contains
 ** a rowid value just read from cursor iIdxCur, open on index pIdx. This
-** function generates code to do a deferred seek of cursor iCur to the 
+** function generates code to do a deferred seek of cursor iCur to the
 ** rowid stored in register iRowid.
 **
 ** Normally, this is just:
@@ -135531,8 +143117,8 @@ static void codeCursorHint(
 ** However, if the scan currently being coded is a branch of an OR-loop and
 ** the statement currently being coded is a SELECT, then P3 of OP_DeferredSeek
 ** is set to iIdxCur and P4 is set to point to an array of integers
-** containing one entry for each column of the table cursor iCur is open 
-** on. For each table column, if the column is the i'th column of the 
+** containing one entry for each column of the table cursor iCur is open
+** on. For each table column, if the column is the i'th column of the
 ** index, then the corresponding array entry is set to (i+1). If the column
 ** does not appear in the index at all, the array entry is set to 0.
 */
@@ -135547,19 +143133,24 @@ static void codeDeferredSeek(
 
   assert( iIdxCur>0 );
   assert( pIdx->aiColumn[pIdx->nColumn-1]==-1 );
-  
+
+  pWInfo->bDeferredSeek = 1;
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_DeferredSeek, iIdxCur, 0, iCur);
   if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)
    && DbMaskAllZero(sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse)->writeMask)
   ){
     int i;
     Table *pTab = pIdx->pTable;
-    int *ai = (int*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(int)*(pTab->nCol+1));
+    u32 *ai = (u32*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(u32)*(pTab->nCol+1));
     if( ai ){
       ai[0] = pTab->nCol;
       for(i=0; i<pIdx->nColumn-1; i++){
+        int x1, x2;
         assert( pIdx->aiColumn[i]<pTab->nCol );
-        if( pIdx->aiColumn[i]>=0 ) ai[pIdx->aiColumn[i]+1] = i+1;
+        x1 = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
+        x2 = sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, x1);
+        testcase( x1!=x2 );
+        if( x1>=0 ) ai[x2+1] = i+1;
       }
       sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char*)ai, P4_INTARRAY);
     }
@@ -135581,7 +143172,9 @@ static void codeExprOrVector(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, int iReg, int nReg){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
     if( (p->flags & EP_xIsSelect) ){
       Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-      int iSelect = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, p, 0, 0);
+      int iSelect;
+      assert( p->op==TK_SELECT );
+      iSelect = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, p);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Copy, iSelect, iReg, nReg-1);
     }else
 #endif
@@ -135608,8 +143201,24 @@ typedef struct IdxExprTrans {
   int iTabCur;       /* The cursor of the corresponding table */
   int iIdxCur;       /* The cursor for the index */
   int iIdxCol;       /* The column for the index */
+  int iTabCol;       /* The column for the table */
+  WhereInfo *pWInfo; /* Complete WHERE clause information */
+  sqlite3 *db;       /* Database connection (for malloc()) */
 } IdxExprTrans;
 
+/*
+** Preserve pExpr on the WhereETrans list of the WhereInfo.
+*/
+static void preserveExpr(IdxExprTrans *pTrans, Expr *pExpr){
+  WhereExprMod *pNew;
+  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pTrans->db, sizeof(*pNew));
+  if( pNew==0 ) return;
+  pNew->pNext = pTrans->pWInfo->pExprMods;
+  pTrans->pWInfo->pExprMods = pNew;
+  pNew->pExpr = pExpr;
+  memcpy(&pNew->orig, pExpr, sizeof(*pExpr));
+}
+
 /* The walker node callback used to transform matching expressions into
 ** a reference to an index column for an index on an expression.
 **
@@ -135619,20 +143228,49 @@ typedef struct IdxExprTrans {
 static int whereIndexExprTransNode(Walker *p, Expr *pExpr){
   IdxExprTrans *pX = p->u.pIdxTrans;
   if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExpr, pX->pIdxExpr, pX->iTabCur)==0 ){
+    preserveExpr(pX, pExpr);
+    pExpr->affExpr = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr);
     pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
     pExpr->iTable = pX->iIdxCur;
     pExpr->iColumn = pX->iIdxCol;
-    pExpr->pTab = 0;
+    pExpr->y.pTab = 0;
+    testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Skip) );
+    testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Unlikely) );
+    ExprClearProperty(pExpr, EP_Skip|EP_Unlikely);
     return WRC_Prune;
   }else{
     return WRC_Continue;
   }
 }
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+/* A walker node callback that translates a column reference to a table
+** into a corresponding column reference of an index.
+*/
+static int whereIndexExprTransColumn(Walker *p, Expr *pExpr){
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN ){
+    IdxExprTrans *pX = p->u.pIdxTrans;
+    if( pExpr->iTable==pX->iTabCur && pExpr->iColumn==pX->iTabCol ){
+      assert( pExpr->y.pTab!=0 );
+      preserveExpr(pX, pExpr);
+      pExpr->affExpr = sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(pExpr->y.pTab,pExpr->iColumn);
+      pExpr->iTable = pX->iIdxCur;
+      pExpr->iColumn = pX->iIdxCol;
+      pExpr->y.pTab = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS */
+
 /*
 ** For an indexes on expression X, locate every instance of expression X
 ** in pExpr and change that subexpression into a reference to the appropriate
 ** column of the index.
+**
+** 2019-10-24: Updated to also translate references to a VIRTUAL column in
+** the table into references to the corresponding (stored) column of the
+** index.
 */
 static void whereIndexExprTrans(
   Index *pIdx,      /* The Index */
@@ -135642,47 +143280,102 @@ static void whereIndexExprTrans(
 ){
   int iIdxCol;               /* Column number of the index */
   ExprList *aColExpr;        /* Expressions that are indexed */
+  Table *pTab;
   Walker w;
   IdxExprTrans x;
   aColExpr = pIdx->aColExpr;
-  if( aColExpr==0 ) return;  /* Not an index on expressions */
+  if( aColExpr==0 && !pIdx->bHasVCol ){
+    /* The index does not reference any expressions or virtual columns
+    ** so no translations are needed. */
+    return;
+  }
+  pTab = pIdx->pTable;
   memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
-  w.xExprCallback = whereIndexExprTransNode;
   w.u.pIdxTrans = &x;
   x.iTabCur = iTabCur;
   x.iIdxCur = iIdxCur;
-  for(iIdxCol=0; iIdxCol<aColExpr->nExpr; iIdxCol++){
-    if( pIdx->aiColumn[iIdxCol]!=XN_EXPR ) continue;
-    assert( aColExpr->a[iIdxCol].pExpr!=0 );
+  x.pWInfo = pWInfo;
+  x.db = pWInfo->pParse->db;
+  for(iIdxCol=0; iIdxCol<pIdx->nColumn; iIdxCol++){
+    i16 iRef = pIdx->aiColumn[iIdxCol];
+    if( iRef==XN_EXPR ){
+      assert( aColExpr->a[iIdxCol].pExpr!=0 );
+      x.pIdxExpr = aColExpr->a[iIdxCol].pExpr;
+      if( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(x.pIdxExpr) ) continue;
+      w.xExprCallback = whereIndexExprTransNode;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
+    }else if( iRef>=0
+       && (pTab->aCol[iRef].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)!=0
+       && (pTab->aCol[iRef].zColl==0
+           || sqlite3StrICmp(pTab->aCol[iRef].zColl, sqlite3StrBINARY)==0)
+    ){
+      /* Check to see if there are direct references to generated columns
+      ** that are contained in the index.  Pulling the generated column
+      ** out of the index is an optimization only - the main table is always
+      ** available if the index cannot be used.  To avoid unnecessary
+      ** complication, omit this optimization if the collating sequence for
+      ** the column is non-standard */
+      x.iTabCol = iRef;
+      w.xExprCallback = whereIndexExprTransColumn;
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS */
+    }else{
+      continue;
+    }
     x.iIdxCol = iIdxCol;
-    x.pIdxExpr = aColExpr->a[iIdxCol].pExpr;
     sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pWInfo->pWhere);
     sqlite3WalkExprList(&w, pWInfo->pOrderBy);
     sqlite3WalkExprList(&w, pWInfo->pResultSet);
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** The pTruth expression is always true because it is the WHERE clause
+** a partial index that is driving a query loop.  Look through all of the
+** WHERE clause terms on the query, and if any of those terms must be
+** true because pTruth is true, then mark those WHERE clause terms as
+** coded.
+*/
+static void whereApplyPartialIndexConstraints(
+  Expr *pTruth,
+  int iTabCur,
+  WhereClause *pWC
+){
+  int i;
+  WhereTerm *pTerm;
+  while( pTruth->op==TK_AND ){
+    whereApplyPartialIndexConstraints(pTruth->pLeft, iTabCur, pWC);
+    pTruth = pTruth->pRight;
+  }
+  for(i=0, pTerm=pWC->a; i<pWC->nTerm; i++, pTerm++){
+    Expr *pExpr;
+    if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED ) continue;
+    pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExpr, pTruth, iTabCur)==0 ){
+      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /*
 ** Generate code for the start of the iLevel-th loop in the WHERE clause
 ** implementation described by pWInfo.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
+  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
+  Vdbe *v,             /* Prepared statement under construction */
   WhereInfo *pWInfo,   /* Complete information about the WHERE clause */
   int iLevel,          /* Which level of pWInfo->a[] should be coded */
+  WhereLevel *pLevel,  /* The current level pointer */
   Bitmask notReady     /* Which tables are currently available */
 ){
   int j, k;            /* Loop counters */
   int iCur;            /* The VDBE cursor for the table */
   int addrNxt;         /* Where to jump to continue with the next IN case */
-  int omitTable;       /* True if we use the index only */
   int bRev;            /* True if we need to scan in reverse order */
-  WhereLevel *pLevel;  /* The where level to be coded */
   WhereLoop *pLoop;    /* The WhereLoop object being coded */
   WhereClause *pWC;    /* Decomposition of the entire WHERE clause */
   WhereTerm *pTerm;               /* A WHERE clause term */
-  Parse *pParse;                  /* Parsing context */
   sqlite3 *db;                    /* Database connection */
-  Vdbe *v;                        /* The prepared stmt under constructions */
   struct SrcList_item *pTabItem;  /* FROM clause term being coded */
   int addrBrk;                    /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
   int addrHalt;                   /* addrBrk for the outermost loop */
@@ -135692,19 +143385,29 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
   Index *pIdx = 0;          /* Index used by loop (if any) */
   int iLoop;                /* Iteration of constraint generator loop */
 
-  pParse = pWInfo->pParse;
-  v = pParse->pVdbe;
   pWC = &pWInfo->sWC;
   db = pParse->db;
-  pLevel = &pWInfo->a[iLevel];
   pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;
   pTabItem = &pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
   iCur = pTabItem->iCursor;
   pLevel->notReady = notReady & ~sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, iCur);
   bRev = (pWInfo->revMask>>iLevel)&1;
-  omitTable = (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)!=0 
-           && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)==0;
   VdbeModuleComment((v, "Begin WHERE-loop%d: %s",iLevel,pTabItem->pTab->zName));
+#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x20800 */
+  if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x800 ){
+    sqlite3DebugPrintf("Coding level %d of %d:  notReady=%llx  iFrom=%d\n",
+       iLevel, pWInfo->nLevel, (u64)notReady, pLevel->iFrom);
+    sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(pLoop, pWC);
+  }
+  if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x20000 ){
+    if( iLevel==0 ){
+      sqlite3DebugPrintf("WHERE clause being coded:\n");
+      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, pWInfo->pWhere, 0);
+    }
+    sqlite3DebugPrintf("All WHERE-clause terms before coding:\n");
+    sqlite3WhereClausePrint(pWC);
+  }
+#endif
 
   /* Create labels for the "break" and "continue" instructions
   ** for the current loop.  Jump to addrBrk to break out of a loop.
@@ -135716,8 +143419,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
   ** there are no IN operators in the constraints, the "addrNxt" label
   ** is the same as "addrBrk".
   */
-  addrBrk = pLevel->addrBrk = pLevel->addrNxt = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-  addrCont = pLevel->addrCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+  addrBrk = pLevel->addrBrk = pLevel->addrNxt = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+  addrCont = pLevel->addrCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
 
   /* If this is the right table of a LEFT OUTER JOIN, allocate and
   ** initialize a memory cell that records if this table matches any
@@ -135778,15 +143481,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
                       pLoop->u.vtab.needFree ? P4_DYNAMIC : P4_STATIC);
     VdbeCoverage(v);
     pLoop->u.vtab.needFree = 0;
+    /* An OOM inside of AddOp4(OP_VFilter) instruction above might have freed
+    ** the u.vtab.idxStr.  NULL it out to prevent a use-after-free */
+    if( db->mallocFailed ) pLoop->u.vtab.idxStr = 0;
     pLevel->p1 = iCur;
     pLevel->op = pWInfo->eOnePass ? OP_Noop : OP_VNext;
     pLevel->p2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
     iIn = pLevel->u.in.nIn;
     for(j=nConstraint-1; j>=0; j--){
       pTerm = pLoop->aLTerm[j];
+      if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN)!=0 ) iIn--;
       if( j<16 && (pLoop->u.vtab.omitMask>>j)&1 ){
         disableTerm(pLevel, pTerm);
-      }else if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN)!=0 ){
+      }else if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN)!=0
+        && sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pTerm->pExpr->pLeft)==1
+      ){
         Expr *pCompare;  /* The comparison operator */
         Expr *pRight;    /* RHS of the comparison */
         VdbeOp *pOp;     /* Opcode to access the value of the IN constraint */
@@ -135797,8 +143506,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
         ** encoding of the value in the register, so it *must* be reloaded. */
         assert( pLevel->u.in.aInLoop!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
         if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-          assert( iIn>0 );
-          pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, pLevel->u.in.aInLoop[--iIn].addrInTop);
+          assert( iIn>=0 && iIn<pLevel->u.in.nIn );
+          pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, pLevel->u.in.aInLoop[iIn].addrInTop);
           assert( pOp->opcode==OP_Column || pOp->opcode==OP_Rowid );
           assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Column || pOp->p3==iReg+j+2 );
           assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Rowid || pOp->p2==iReg+j+2 );
@@ -135806,7 +143515,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, pOp->opcode, pOp->p1, pOp->p2, pOp->p3);
         }
 
-        /* Generate code that will continue to the next row if 
+        /* Generate code that will continue to the next row if
         ** the IN constraint is not satisfied */
         pCompare = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, 0, 0);
         assert( pCompare!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
@@ -135815,13 +143524,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
           pCompare->pRight = pRight = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_REGISTER, 0);
           if( pRight ){
             pRight->iTable = iReg+j+2;
-            sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pCompare, pLevel->addrCont, 0);
+            sqlite3ExprIfFalse(
+                pParse, pCompare, pLevel->addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL
+            );
           }
           pCompare->pLeft = 0;
           sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCompare);
         }
       }
     }
+    assert( iIn==0 || db->mallocFailed );
     /* These registers need to be preserved in case there is an IN operator
     ** loop.  So we could deallocate the registers here (and potentially
     ** reuse them later) if (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_ABLE)==0.  But it seems
@@ -135844,7 +143556,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
     pTerm = pLoop->aLTerm[0];
     assert( pTerm!=0 );
     assert( pTerm->pExpr!=0 );
-    assert( omitTable==0 );
     testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
     iReleaseReg = ++pParse->nMem;
     iRowidReg = codeEqualityTerm(pParse, pTerm, pLevel, 0, bRev, iReleaseReg);
@@ -135853,6 +143564,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SeekRowid, iCur, addrNxt, iRowidReg);
     VdbeCoverage(v);
     pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
+    if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLevel->notReady)==0 ){
+      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
+    }
   }else if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IPK)!=0
          && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE)!=0
   ){
@@ -135863,7 +143577,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
     int memEndValue = 0;
     WhereTerm *pStart, *pEnd;
 
-    assert( omitTable==0 );
     j = 0;
     pStart = pEnd = 0;
     if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_BTM_LIMIT ) pStart = pLoop->aLTerm[j++];
@@ -135880,7 +143593,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
       int r1, rTemp;        /* Registers for holding the start boundary */
       int op;               /* Cursor seek operation */
 
-      /* The following constant maps TK_xx codes into corresponding 
+      /* The following constant maps TK_xx codes into corresponding
       ** seek opcodes.  It depends on a particular ordering of TK_xx
       */
       const u8 aMoveOp[] = {
@@ -135936,8 +143649,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
       testcase( pEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
       memEndValue = ++pParse->nMem;
       codeExprOrVector(pParse, pX->pRight, memEndValue, 1);
-      if( 0==sqlite3ExprIsVector(pX->pRight) 
-       && (pX->op==TK_LT || pX->op==TK_GT) 
+      if( 0==sqlite3ExprIsVector(pX->pRight)
+       && (pX->op==TK_LT || pX->op==TK_GT)
       ){
         testOp = bRev ? OP_Le : OP_Ge;
       }else{
@@ -135965,14 +143678,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
   }else if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED ){
     /* Case 4: A scan using an index.
     **
-    **         The WHERE clause may contain zero or more equality 
+    **         The WHERE clause may contain zero or more equality
     **         terms ("==" or "IN" operators) that refer to the N
     **         left-most columns of the index. It may also contain
     **         inequality constraints (>, <, >= or <=) on the indexed
-    **         column that immediately follows the N equalities. Only 
+    **         column that immediately follows the N equalities. Only
     **         the right-most column can be an inequality - the rest must
-    **         use the "==" and "IN" operators. For example, if the 
-    **         index is on (x,y,z), then the following clauses are all 
+    **         use the "==" and "IN" operators. For example, if the
+    **         index is on (x,y,z), then the following clauses are all
     **         optimized:
     **
     **            x=5
@@ -135993,7 +143706,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
     **         This case is also used when there are no WHERE clause
     **         constraints but an index is selected anyway, in order
     **         to force the output order to conform to an ORDER BY.
-    */  
+    */
     static const u8 aStartOp[] = {
       0,
       0,
@@ -136027,40 +143740,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
     char *zEndAff = 0;           /* Affinity for end of range constraint */
     u8 bSeekPastNull = 0;        /* True to seek past initial nulls */
     u8 bStopAtNull = 0;          /* Add condition to terminate at NULLs */
+    int omitTable;               /* True if we use the index only */
+    int regBignull = 0;          /* big-null flag register */
+    int addrSeekScan = 0;        /* Opcode of the OP_SeekScan, if any */
 
     pIdx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
     iIdxCur = pLevel->iIdxCur;
     assert( nEq>=pLoop->nSkip );
 
-    /* If this loop satisfies a sort order (pOrderBy) request that 
-    ** was passed to this function to implement a "SELECT min(x) ..." 
-    ** query, then the caller will only allow the loop to run for
-    ** a single iteration. This means that the first row returned
-    ** should not have a NULL value stored in 'x'. If column 'x' is
-    ** the first one after the nEq equality constraints in the index,
-    ** this requires some special handling.
-    */
-    assert( pWInfo->pOrderBy==0
-         || pWInfo->pOrderBy->nExpr==1
-         || (pWInfo->wctrlFlags&WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN)==0 );
-    if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags&WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN)!=0
-     && pWInfo->nOBSat>0
-     && (pIdx->nKeyCol>nEq)
-    ){
-      assert( pLoop->nSkip==0 );
-      bSeekPastNull = 1;
-      nExtraReg = 1;
-    }
-
-    /* Find any inequality constraint terms for the start and end 
-    ** of the range. 
+    /* Find any inequality constraint terms for the start and end
+    ** of the range.
     */
     j = nEq;
     if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_BTM_LIMIT ){
       pRangeStart = pLoop->aLTerm[j++];
       nExtraReg = MAX(nExtraReg, pLoop->u.btree.nBtm);
       /* Like optimization range constraints always occur in pairs */
-      assert( (pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT)==0 || 
+      assert( (pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT)==0 ||
               (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT)!=0 );
     }
     if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT ){
@@ -136092,8 +143788,30 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
     }
     assert( pRangeEnd==0 || (pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 );
 
+    /* If the WHERE_BIGNULL_SORT flag is set, then index column nEq uses
+    ** a non-default "big-null" sort (either ASC NULLS LAST or DESC NULLS
+    ** FIRST). In both cases separate ordered scans are made of those
+    ** index entries for which the column is null and for those for which
+    ** it is not. For an ASC sort, the non-NULL entries are scanned first.
+    ** For DESC, NULL entries are scanned first.
+    */
+    if( (pLoop->wsFlags & (WHERE_TOP_LIMIT|WHERE_BTM_LIMIT))==0
+     && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_BIGNULL_SORT)!=0
+    ){
+      assert( bSeekPastNull==0 && nExtraReg==0 && nBtm==0 && nTop==0 );
+      assert( pRangeEnd==0 && pRangeStart==0 );
+      testcase( pLoop->nSkip>0 );
+      nExtraReg = 1;
+      bSeekPastNull = 1;
+      pLevel->regBignull = regBignull = ++pParse->nMem;
+      if( pLevel->iLeftJoin ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regBignull);
+      }
+      pLevel->addrBignull = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+    }
+
     /* If we are doing a reverse order scan on an ascending index, or
-    ** a forward order scan on a descending index, interchange the 
+    ** a forward order scan on a descending index, interchange the
     ** start and end terms (pRangeStart and pRangeEnd).
     */
     if( (nEq<pIdx->nKeyCol && bRev==(pIdx->aSortOrder[nEq]==SQLITE_SO_ASC))
@@ -136114,7 +143832,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
     if( zStartAff && nTop ){
       zEndAff = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, &zStartAff[nEq]);
     }
-    addrNxt = pLevel->addrNxt;
+    addrNxt = (regBignull ? pLevel->addrBignull : pLevel->addrNxt);
 
     testcase( pRangeStart && (pRangeStart->eOperator & WO_LE)!=0 );
     testcase( pRangeStart && (pRangeStart->eOperator & WO_GE)!=0 );
@@ -136138,7 +143856,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
       }
       if( zStartAff ){
         updateRangeAffinityStr(pRight, nBtm, &zStartAff[nEq]);
-      }  
+      }
       nConstraint += nBtm;
       testcase( pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
       if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(pRight)==0 ){
@@ -136148,10 +143866,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
       }
       bSeekPastNull = 0;
     }else if( bSeekPastNull ){
+      startEq = 0;
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
+      start_constraints = 1;
       nConstraint++;
-      startEq = 0;
+    }else if( regBignull ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
       start_constraints = 1;
+      nConstraint++;
     }
     codeApplyAffinity(pParse, regBase, nConstraint - bSeekPastNull, zStartAff);
     if( pLoop->nSkip>0 && nConstraint==pLoop->nSkip ){
@@ -136159,11 +143881,27 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
       ** above has already left the cursor sitting on the correct row,
       ** so no further seeking is needed */
     }else{
-      if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_EARLYOUT ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SeekHit, iIdxCur);
+      if( regBignull ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, regBignull);
+        VdbeComment((v, "NULL-scan pass ctr"));
       }
+
       op = aStartOp[(start_constraints<<2) + (startEq<<1) + bRev];
       assert( op!=0 );
+      if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_SEEKSCAN)!=0 && op==OP_SeekGE ){
+        assert( regBignull==0 );
+        /* TUNING:  The OP_SeekScan opcode seeks to reduce the number
+        ** of expensive seek operations by replacing a single seek with
+        ** 1 or more step operations.  The question is, how many steps
+        ** should we try before giving up and going with a seek.  The cost
+        ** of a seek is proportional to the logarithm of the of the number
+        ** of entries in the tree, so basing the number of steps to try
+        ** on the estimated number of rows in the btree seems like a good
+        ** guess. */
+        addrSeekScan = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SeekScan,
+                                         (pIdx->aiRowLogEst[0]+9)/10);
+        VdbeCoverage(v);
+      }
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, op, iIdxCur, addrNxt, regBase, nConstraint);
       VdbeCoverage(v);
       VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Rewind);  testcase( op==OP_Rewind );
@@ -136172,6 +143910,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
       VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_SeekGE);  testcase( op==OP_SeekGE );
       VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_SeekLE);  testcase( op==OP_SeekLE );
       VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_SeekLT);  testcase( op==OP_SeekLT );
+
+      assert( bSeekPastNull==0 || bStopAtNull==0 );
+      if( regBignull ){
+        assert( bSeekPastNull==1 || bStopAtNull==1 );
+        assert( bSeekPastNull==!bStopAtNull );
+        assert( bStopAtNull==startEq );
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
+        op = aStartOp[(nConstraint>1)*4 + 2 + bRev];
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, op, iIdxCur, addrNxt, regBase,
+                             nConstraint-startEq);
+        VdbeCoverage(v);
+        VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Rewind);  testcase( op==OP_Rewind );
+        VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Last);    testcase( op==OP_Last );
+        VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_SeekGE);  testcase( op==OP_SeekGE );
+        VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_SeekLE);  testcase( op==OP_SeekLE );
+        assert( op==OP_Rewind || op==OP_Last || op==OP_SeekGE || op==OP_SeekLE);
+      }
     }
 
     /* Load the value for the inequality constraint at the end of the
@@ -136203,8 +143958,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
         endEq = 1;
       }
     }else if( bStopAtNull ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
-      endEq = 0;
+      if( regBignull==0 ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
+        endEq = 0;
+      }
       nConstraint++;
     }
     sqlite3DbFree(db, zStartAff);
@@ -136215,56 +143972,98 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
 
     /* Check if the index cursor is past the end of the range. */
     if( nConstraint ){
+      if( regBignull ){
+        /* Except, skip the end-of-range check while doing the NULL-scan */
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfNot, regBignull, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+3);
+        VdbeComment((v, "If NULL-scan 2nd pass"));
+        VdbeCoverage(v);
+      }
       op = aEndOp[bRev*2 + endEq];
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, op, iIdxCur, addrNxt, regBase, nConstraint);
       testcase( op==OP_IdxGT );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxGT );
       testcase( op==OP_IdxGE );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxGE );
       testcase( op==OP_IdxLT );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxLT );
       testcase( op==OP_IdxLE );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxLE );
+      if( addrSeekScan ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrSeekScan);
+    }
+    if( regBignull ){
+      /* During a NULL-scan, check to see if we have reached the end of
+      ** the NULLs */
+      assert( bSeekPastNull==!bStopAtNull );
+      assert( bSeekPastNull+bStopAtNull==1 );
+      assert( nConstraint+bSeekPastNull>0 );
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, regBignull, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
+      VdbeComment((v, "If NULL-scan 1st pass"));
+      VdbeCoverage(v);
+      op = aEndOp[bRev*2 + bSeekPastNull];
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, op, iIdxCur, addrNxt, regBase,
+                           nConstraint+bSeekPastNull);
+      testcase( op==OP_IdxGT );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxGT );
+      testcase( op==OP_IdxGE );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxGE );
+      testcase( op==OP_IdxLT );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxLT );
+      testcase( op==OP_IdxLE );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxLE );
     }
 
-    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_EARLYOUT ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SeekHit, iIdxCur, 1);
+    if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_EARLYOUT)!=0 ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SeekHit, iIdxCur, nEq, nEq);
     }
 
     /* Seek the table cursor, if required */
+    omitTable = (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)!=0
+           && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)==0;
     if( omitTable ){
       /* pIdx is a covering index.  No need to access the main table. */
     }else if( HasRowid(pIdx->pTable) ){
-      if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_SEEK_TABLE) || (
-          (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_SEEK_UNIQ_TABLE) 
-       && (pWInfo->eOnePass==ONEPASS_SINGLE)
-      )){
-        iRowidReg = ++pParse->nMem;
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxRowid, iIdxCur, iRowidReg);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, 0, iRowidReg);
-        VdbeCoverage(v);
-      }else{
-        codeDeferredSeek(pWInfo, pIdx, iCur, iIdxCur);
-      }
+      codeDeferredSeek(pWInfo, pIdx, iCur, iIdxCur);
     }else if( iCur!=iIdxCur ){
       Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx->pTable);
       iRowidReg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pPk->nKeyCol);
       for(j=0; j<pPk->nKeyCol; j++){
-        k = sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(pIdx, pPk->aiColumn[j]);
+        k = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(pIdx, pPk->aiColumn[j]);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iIdxCur, k, iRowidReg+j);
       }
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, iCur, addrCont,
                            iRowidReg, pPk->nKeyCol); VdbeCoverage(v);
     }
 
-    /* If pIdx is an index on one or more expressions, then look through
-    ** all the expressions in pWInfo and try to transform matching expressions
-    ** into reference to index columns.
-    **
-    ** Do not do this for the RHS of a LEFT JOIN. This is because the 
-    ** expression may be evaluated after OP_NullRow has been executed on
-    ** the cursor. In this case it is important to do the full evaluation,
-    ** as the result of the expression may not be NULL, even if all table
-    ** column values are.  https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/7fa8049685b50b5a
-    */
     if( pLevel->iLeftJoin==0 ){
-      whereIndexExprTrans(pIdx, iCur, iIdxCur, pWInfo);
+      /* If pIdx is an index on one or more expressions, then look through
+      ** all the expressions in pWInfo and try to transform matching expressions
+      ** into reference to index columns.  Also attempt to translate references
+      ** to virtual columns in the table into references to (stored) columns
+      ** of the index.
+      **
+      ** Do not do this for the RHS of a LEFT JOIN. This is because the
+      ** expression may be evaluated after OP_NullRow has been executed on
+      ** the cursor. In this case it is important to do the full evaluation,
+      ** as the result of the expression may not be NULL, even if all table
+      ** column values are.  https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/7fa8049685b50b5a
+      **
+      ** Also, do not do this when processing one index an a multi-index
+      ** OR clause, since the transformation will become invalid once we
+      ** move forward to the next index.
+      ** https://sqlite.org/src/info/4e8e4857d32d401f
+      */
+      if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)==0 ){
+        whereIndexExprTrans(pIdx, iCur, iIdxCur, pWInfo);
+      }
+
+      /* If a partial index is driving the loop, try to eliminate WHERE clause
+      ** terms from the query that must be true due to the WHERE clause of
+      ** the partial index.
+      **
+      ** 2019-11-02 ticket 623eff57e76d45f6: This optimization does not work
+      ** for a LEFT JOIN.
+      */
+      if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
+        whereApplyPartialIndexConstraints(pIdx->pPartIdxWhere, iCur, pWC);
+      }
+    }else{
+      testcase( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere );
+      /* The following assert() is not a requirement, merely an observation:
+      ** The OR-optimization doesn't work for the right hand table of
+      ** a LEFT JOIN: */
+      assert( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)==0 );
     }
 
     /* Record the instruction used to terminate the loop. */
@@ -136338,11 +144137,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
     int regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;           /* Register used with OP_Gosub */
     int regRowset = 0;                        /* Register for RowSet object */
     int regRowid = 0;                         /* Register holding rowid */
-    int iLoopBody = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);  /* Start of loop body */
+    int iLoopBody = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);/* Start of loop body */
     int iRetInit;                             /* Address of regReturn init */
     int untestedTerms = 0;             /* Some terms not completely tested */
     int ii;                            /* Loop counter */
-    u16 wctrlFlags;                    /* Flags for sub-WHERE clause */
     Expr *pAndExpr = 0;                /* An ".. AND (...)" expression */
     Table *pTab = pTabItem->pTab;
 
@@ -136376,15 +144174,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
       pOrTab = pWInfo->pTabList;
     }
 
-    /* Initialize the rowset register to contain NULL. An SQL NULL is 
+    /* Initialize the rowset register to contain NULL. An SQL NULL is
     ** equivalent to an empty rowset.  Or, create an ephemeral index
     ** capable of holding primary keys in the case of a WITHOUT ROWID.
     **
-    ** Also initialize regReturn to contain the address of the instruction 
+    ** Also initialize regReturn to contain the address of the instruction
     ** immediately following the OP_Return at the bottom of the loop. This
     ** is required in a few obscure LEFT JOIN cases where control jumps
-    ** over the top of the loop into the body of it. In this case the 
-    ** correct response for the end-of-loop code (the OP_Return) is to 
+    ** over the top of the loop into the body of it. In this case the
+    ** correct response for the end-of-loop code (the OP_Return) is to
     ** fall through to the next instruction, just as an OP_Next does if
     ** called on an uninitialized cursor.
     */
@@ -136409,7 +144207,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
     **
     ** Actually, each subexpression is converted to "xN AND w" where w is
     ** the "interesting" terms of z - terms that did not originate in the
-    ** ON or USING clause of a LEFT JOIN, and terms that are usable as 
+    ** ON or USING clause of a LEFT JOIN, and terms that are usable as
     ** indices.
     **
     ** This optimization also only applies if the (x1 OR x2 OR ...) term
@@ -136427,10 +144225,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
         if( (pWC->a[iTerm].eOperator & WO_ALL)==0 ) continue;
         testcase( pWC->a[iTerm].wtFlags & TERM_ORINFO );
         pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
-        pAndExpr = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pAndExpr, pExpr);
+        pAndExpr = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, pAndExpr, pExpr);
       }
       if( pAndExpr ){
-        pAndExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_AND|TKFLG_DONTFOLD, 0, pAndExpr);
+        /* The extra 0x10000 bit on the opcode is masked off and does not
+        ** become part of the new Expr.op.  However, it does make the
+        ** op==TK_AND comparison inside of sqlite3PExpr() false, and this
+        ** prevents sqlite3PExpr() from implementing AND short-circuit
+        ** optimization, which we do not want here. */
+        pAndExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_AND|0x10000, 0, pAndExpr);
       }
     }
 
@@ -136438,7 +144241,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
     ** eliminating duplicates from other WHERE clauses, the action for each
     ** sub-WHERE clause is to to invoke the main loop body as a subroutine.
     */
-    wctrlFlags =  WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE | (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_SEEK_TABLE);
     ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "MULTI-INDEX OR"));
     for(ii=0; ii<pOrWc->nTerm; ii++){
       WhereTerm *pOrTerm = &pOrWc->a[ii];
@@ -136446,17 +144248,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
         WhereInfo *pSubWInfo;           /* Info for single OR-term scan */
         Expr *pOrExpr = pOrTerm->pExpr; /* Current OR clause term */
         int jmp1 = 0;                   /* Address of jump operation */
-        assert( (pTabItem[0].fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)==0 
-             || ExprHasProperty(pOrExpr, EP_FromJoin) 
-        );
+        testcase( (pTabItem[0].fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0
+               && !ExprHasProperty(pOrExpr, EP_FromJoin)
+        ); /* See TH3 vtab25.400 and ticket 614b25314c766238 */
         if( pAndExpr ){
           pAndExpr->pLeft = pOrExpr;
           pOrExpr = pAndExpr;
         }
         /* Loop through table entries that match term pOrTerm. */
+        ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "INDEX %d", ii+1));
         WHERETRACE(0xffff, ("Subplan for OR-clause:\n"));
         pSubWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pOrTab, pOrExpr, 0, 0,
-                                      wctrlFlags, iCovCur);
+                                      WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE, iCovCur);
         assert( pSubWInfo || pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed );
         if( pSubWInfo ){
           WhereLoop *pSubLoop;
@@ -136487,7 +144290,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
               r = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nPk);
               for(iPk=0; iPk<nPk; iPk++){
                 int iCol = pPk->aiColumn[iPk];
-                sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iCur, iCol, r+iPk);
+                sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iCur, iCol,r+iPk);
               }
 
               /* Check if the temp table already contains this key. If so,
@@ -136498,9 +144301,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
               **
               ** Use some of the same optimizations as OP_RowSetTest: If iSet
               ** is zero, assume that the key cannot already be present in
-              ** the temp table. And if iSet is -1, assume that there is no 
-              ** need to insert the key into the temp table, as it will never 
-              ** be tested for.  */ 
+              ** the temp table. And if iSet is -1, assume that there is no
+              ** need to insert the key into the temp table, as it will never
+              ** be tested for.  */
               if( iSet ){
                 jmp1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, regRowset, 0, r, nPk);
                 VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -136539,8 +144342,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
           ** If the call to sqlite3WhereBegin() above resulted in a scan that
           ** uses an index, and this is either the first OR-connected term
           ** processed or the index is the same as that used by all previous
-          ** terms, set pCov to the candidate covering index. Otherwise, set 
-          ** pCov to NULL to indicate that no candidate covering index will 
+          ** terms, set pCov to the candidate covering index. Otherwise, set
+          ** pCov to NULL to indicate that no candidate covering index will
           ** be available.
           */
           pSubLoop = pSubWInfo->a[0].pWLoop;
@@ -136554,9 +144357,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
           }else{
             pCov = 0;
           }
+          if( sqlite3WhereUsesDeferredSeek(pSubWInfo) ){
+            pWInfo->bDeferredSeek = 1;
+          }
 
           /* Finish the loop through table entries that match term pOrTerm. */
           sqlite3WhereEnd(pSubWInfo);
+          ExplainQueryPlanPop(pParse);
         }
       }
     }
@@ -136571,7 +144378,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
     sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, pLevel->addrBrk);
     sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iLoopBody);
 
-    if( pWInfo->nLevel>1 ) sqlite3StackFree(db, pOrTab);
+    if( pWInfo->nLevel>1 ){ sqlite3StackFree(db, pOrTab); }
     if( !untestedTerms ) disableTerm(pLevel, pTerm);
   }else
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION */
@@ -136611,7 +144418,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
   **
   ** iLoop==1: Code only expressions that are entirely covered by pIdx.
   ** iLoop==2: Code remaining expressions that do not contain correlated
-  **           sub-queries.  
+  **           sub-queries.
   ** iLoop==3: Code all remaining expressions.
   **
   ** An effort is made to skip unnecessary iterations of the loop.
@@ -136636,7 +144443,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
       if( (pTabItem->fg.jointype&JT_LEFT) && !ExprHasProperty(pE,EP_FromJoin) ){
         continue;
       }
-      
+
       if( iLoop==1 && !sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(pE, pLevel->iTabCur, pIdx) ){
         iNext = 2;
         continue;
@@ -136658,8 +144465,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
         u32 x = pLevel->iLikeRepCntr;
         if( x>0 ){
           skipLikeAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, (x&1)?OP_IfNot:OP_If,(int)(x>>1));
+          VdbeCoverageIf(v, (x&1)==1);
+          VdbeCoverageIf(v, (x&1)==0);
         }
-        VdbeCoverage(v);
 #endif
       }
 #ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0xffff */
@@ -136667,6 +144475,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
         VdbeNoopComment((v, "WhereTerm[%d] (%p) priority=%d",
                          pWC->nTerm-j, pTerm, iLoop));
       }
+      if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x800 ){
+        sqlite3DebugPrintf("Coding auxiliary constraint:\n");
+        sqlite3WhereTermPrint(pTerm, pWC->nTerm-j);
+      }
 #endif
       sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pE, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
       if( skipLikeAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, skipLikeAddr);
@@ -136690,15 +144502,21 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
     if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_IS))==0 ) continue;
     if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_EQUIV)==0 ) continue;
     if( pTerm->leftCursor!=iCur ) continue;
-    if( pLevel->iLeftJoin ) continue;
+    if( pTabItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT ) continue;
     pE = pTerm->pExpr;
+#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x800 */
+    if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x800 ){
+      sqlite3DebugPrintf("Coding transitive constraint:\n");
+      sqlite3WhereTermPrint(pTerm, pWC->nTerm-j);
+    }
+#endif
     assert( !ExprHasProperty(pE, EP_FromJoin) );
     assert( (pTerm->prereqRight & pLevel->notReady)!=0 );
-    pAlt = sqlite3WhereFindTerm(pWC, iCur, pTerm->u.leftColumn, notReady,
+    pAlt = sqlite3WhereFindTerm(pWC, iCur, pTerm->u.x.leftColumn, notReady,
                     WO_EQ|WO_IN|WO_IS, 0);
     if( pAlt==0 ) continue;
     if( pAlt->wtFlags & (TERM_CODED) ) continue;
-    if( (pAlt->eOperator & WO_IN) 
+    if( (pAlt->eOperator & WO_IN)
      && (pAlt->pExpr->flags & EP_xIsSelect)
      && (pAlt->pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr>1)
     ){
@@ -136714,7 +144532,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
   }
 
   /* For a LEFT OUTER JOIN, generate code that will record the fact that
-  ** at least one row of the right table has matched the left table.  
+  ** at least one row of the right table has matched the left table.
   */
   if( pLevel->iLeftJoin ){
     pLevel->addrFirst = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
@@ -136734,6 +144552,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
     }
   }
 
+#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x20800 */
+  if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x20000 ){
+    sqlite3DebugPrintf("All WHERE-clause terms after coding level %d:\n",
+                       iLevel);
+    sqlite3WhereClausePrint(pWC);
+  }
+  if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x800 ){
+    sqlite3DebugPrintf("End Coding level %d:  notReady=%llx\n",
+       iLevel, (u64)pLevel->notReady);
+  }
+#endif
   return pLevel->notReady;
 }
 
@@ -136825,7 +144654,7 @@ static int whereClauseInsert(WhereClause *pWC, Expr *p, u16 wtFlags){
   }else{
     pTerm->truthProb = 1;
   }
-  pTerm->pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(p);
+  pTerm->pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(p);
   pTerm->wtFlags = wtFlags;
   pTerm->pWC = pWC;
   pTerm->iParent = -1;
@@ -136850,31 +144679,14 @@ static int allowedOp(int op){
 /*
 ** Commute a comparison operator.  Expressions of the form "X op Y"
 ** are converted into "Y op X".
-**
-** If left/right precedence rules come into play when determining the
-** collating sequence, then COLLATE operators are adjusted to ensure
-** that the collating sequence does not change.  For example:
-** "Y collate NOCASE op X" becomes "X op Y" because any collation sequence on
-** the left hand side of a comparison overrides any collation sequence 
-** attached to the right. For the same reason the EP_Collate flag
-** is not commuted.
-*/
-static void exprCommute(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
-  u16 expRight = (pExpr->pRight->flags & EP_Collate);
-  u16 expLeft = (pExpr->pLeft->flags & EP_Collate);
-  assert( allowedOp(pExpr->op) && pExpr->op!=TK_IN );
-  if( expRight==expLeft ){
-    /* Either X and Y both have COLLATE operator or neither do */
-    if( expRight ){
-      /* Both X and Y have COLLATE operators.  Make sure X is always
-      ** used by clearing the EP_Collate flag from Y. */
-      pExpr->pRight->flags &= ~EP_Collate;
-    }else if( sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft)!=0 ){
-      /* Neither X nor Y have COLLATE operators, but X has a non-default
-      ** collating sequence.  So add the EP_Collate marker on X to cause
-      ** it to be searched first. */
-      pExpr->pLeft->flags |= EP_Collate;
-    }
+*/
+static u16 exprCommute(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
+  if( pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_VECTOR
+   || pExpr->pRight->op==TK_VECTOR
+   || sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight) !=
+      sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pRight, pExpr->pLeft)
+  ){
+    pExpr->flags ^= EP_Commuted;
   }
   SWAP(Expr*,pExpr->pRight,pExpr->pLeft);
   if( pExpr->op>=TK_GT ){
@@ -136885,6 +144697,7 @@ static void exprCommute(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
     assert( pExpr->op>=TK_GT && pExpr->op<=TK_GE );
     pExpr->op = ((pExpr->op-TK_GT)^2)+TK_GT;
   }
+  return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -137003,27 +144816,38 @@ static int isLikeOrGlob(
           zNew[iTo++] = zNew[iFrom];
         }
         zNew[iTo] = 0;
+        assert( iTo>0 );
 
-        /* If the RHS begins with a digit or a minus sign, then the LHS must be
-        ** an ordinary column (not a virtual table column) with TEXT affinity.
-        ** Otherwise the LHS might be numeric and "lhs >= rhs" would be false
-        ** even though "lhs LIKE rhs" is true.  But if the RHS does not start
-        ** with a digit or '-', then "lhs LIKE rhs" will always be false if
-        ** the LHS is numeric and so the optimization still works.
+        /* If the LHS is not an ordinary column with TEXT affinity, then the
+        ** pattern prefix boundaries (both the start and end boundaries) must
+        ** not look like a number.  Otherwise the pattern might be treated as
+        ** a number, which will invalidate the LIKE optimization.
         **
-        ** 2018-09-10 ticket c94369cae9b561b1f996d0054bfab11389f9d033
-        ** The RHS pattern must not be '/%' because the termination condition
-        ** will then become "x<'0'" and if the affinity is numeric, will then
-        ** be converted into "x<0", which is incorrect.
+        ** Getting this right has been a persistent source of bugs in the
+        ** LIKE optimization.  See, for example:
+        **    2018-09-10 https://sqlite.org/src/info/c94369cae9b561b1
+        **    2019-05-02 https://sqlite.org/src/info/b043a54c3de54b28
+        **    2019-06-10 https://sqlite.org/src/info/fd76310a5e843e07
+        **    2019-06-14 https://sqlite.org/src/info/ce8717f0885af975
+        **    2019-09-03 https://sqlite.org/src/info/0f0428096f17252a
         */
-        if( sqlite3Isdigit(zNew[0])
-         || zNew[0]=='-'
-         || (zNew[0]+1=='0' && iTo==1)
+        if( pLeft->op!=TK_COLUMN
+         || sqlite3ExprAffinity(pLeft)!=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
+         || IsVirtual(pLeft->y.pTab)  /* Value might be numeric */
         ){
-          if( pLeft->op!=TK_COLUMN 
-           || sqlite3ExprAffinity(pLeft)!=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT 
-           || IsVirtual(pLeft->pTab)  /* Value might be numeric */
-          ){
+          int isNum;
+          double rDummy;
+          isNum = sqlite3AtoF(zNew, &rDummy, iTo, SQLITE_UTF8);
+          if( isNum<=0 ){
+            if( iTo==1 && zNew[0]=='-' ){
+              isNum = +1;
+            }else{
+              zNew[iTo-1]++;
+              isNum = sqlite3AtoF(zNew, &rDummy, iTo, SQLITE_UTF8);
+              zNew[iTo-1]--;
+            }
+          }
+          if( isNum>0 ){
             sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pPrefix);
             sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
             return 0;
@@ -137043,7 +144867,7 @@ static int isLikeOrGlob(
           ** function, then no OP_Variable will be added to the program.
           ** This causes problems for the sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()
           ** API. To work around them, add a dummy OP_Variable here.
-          */ 
+          */
           int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
           sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pRight, r1);
           sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-1, 0);
@@ -137080,7 +144904,7 @@ static int isLikeOrGlob(
 **      9.  column IS NOT NULL           SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL
 **
 ** In every case, "column" must be a column of a virtual table.  If there
-** is a match, set *ppLeft to the "column" expression, set *ppRight to the 
+** is a match, set *ppLeft to the "column" expression, set *ppRight to the
 ** "expr" expression (even though in forms (6) and (8) the column is on the
 ** right and the expression is on the left).  Also set *peOp2 to the
 ** appropriate virtual table operator.  The return value is 1 or 2 if there
@@ -137123,7 +144947,8 @@ static int isAuxiliaryVtabOperator(
     **       MATCH(expression,vtab_column)
     */
     pCol = pList->a[1].pExpr;
-    if( pCol->op==TK_COLUMN && IsVirtual(pCol->pTab) ){
+    testcase( pCol->op==TK_COLUMN && pCol->y.pTab==0 );
+    if( ExprIsVtab(pCol) ){
       for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aOp); i++){
         if( sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken, aOp[i].zOp)==0 ){
           *peOp2 = aOp[i].eOp2;
@@ -137145,12 +144970,13 @@ static int isAuxiliaryVtabOperator(
     ** with function names in an arbitrary case.
     */
     pCol = pList->a[0].pExpr;
-    if( pCol->op==TK_COLUMN && IsVirtual(pCol->pTab) ){
+    testcase( pCol->op==TK_COLUMN && pCol->y.pTab==0 );
+    if( ExprIsVtab(pCol) ){
       sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
       sqlite3_module *pMod;
       void (*xNotUsed)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
       void *pNotUsed;
-      pVtab = sqlite3GetVTable(db, pCol->pTab)->pVtab;
+      pVtab = sqlite3GetVTable(db, pCol->y.pTab)->pVtab;
       assert( pVtab!=0 );
       assert( pVtab->pModule!=0 );
       pMod = (sqlite3_module *)pVtab->pModule;
@@ -137168,10 +144994,12 @@ static int isAuxiliaryVtabOperator(
     int res = 0;
     Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
     Expr *pRight = pExpr->pRight;
-    if( pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN && IsVirtual(pLeft->pTab) ){
+    testcase( pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN && pLeft->y.pTab==0 );
+    if( ExprIsVtab(pLeft) ){
       res++;
     }
-    if( pRight && pRight->op==TK_COLUMN && IsVirtual(pRight->pTab) ){
+    testcase( pRight && pRight->op==TK_COLUMN && pRight->y.pTab==0 );
+    if( pRight && ExprIsVtab(pRight) ){
       res++;
       SWAP(Expr*, pLeft, pRight);
     }
@@ -137239,7 +145067,7 @@ static WhereTerm *whereNthSubterm(WhereTerm *pTerm, int N){
 **
 ** The following is NOT generated:
 **
-**    x<y OR x>y    -->     x!=y     
+**    x<y OR x>y    -->     x!=y
 */
 static void whereCombineDisjuncts(
   SrcList *pSrc,         /* the FROM clause */
@@ -137336,10 +145164,10 @@ static void whereCombineDisjuncts(
 **     WhereTerm.u.pOrInfo->indexable  |=  the cursor number for table T
 **
 ** A subterm is "indexable" if it is of the form
-** "T.C <op> <expr>" where C is any column of table T and 
+** "T.C <op> <expr>" where C is any column of table T and
 ** <op> is one of "=", "<", "<=", ">", ">=", "IS NULL", or "IN".
 ** A subterm is also indexable if it is an AND of two or more
-** subsubterms at least one of which is indexable.  Indexable AND 
+** subsubterms at least one of which is indexable.  Indexable AND
 ** subterms have their eOperator set to WO_AND and they have
 ** u.pAndInfo set to a dynamically allocated WhereAndTerm object.
 **
@@ -137430,7 +145258,7 @@ static void exprAnalyzeOrTerm(
         if( !db->mallocFailed ){
           for(j=0, pAndTerm=pAndWC->a; j<pAndWC->nTerm; j++, pAndTerm++){
             assert( pAndTerm->pExpr );
-            if( allowedOp(pAndTerm->pExpr->op) 
+            if( allowedOp(pAndTerm->pExpr->op)
              || pAndTerm->eOperator==WO_AUX
             ){
               b |= sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pAndTerm->leftCursor);
@@ -137518,6 +145346,7 @@ static void exprAnalyzeOrTerm(
     ** and column is found but leave okToChngToIN false if not found.
     */
     for(j=0; j<2 && !okToChngToIN; j++){
+      Expr *pLeft = 0;
       pOrTerm = pOrWc->a;
       for(i=pOrWc->nTerm-1; i>=0; i--, pOrTerm++){
         assert( pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_EQ );
@@ -137532,15 +145361,16 @@ static void exprAnalyzeOrTerm(
                                             pOrTerm->leftCursor))==0 ){
           /* This term must be of the form t1.a==t2.b where t2 is in the
           ** chngToIN set but t1 is not.  This term will be either preceded
-          ** or follwed by an inverted copy (t2.b==t1.a).  Skip this term 
+          ** or follwed by an inverted copy (t2.b==t1.a).  Skip this term
           ** and use its inversion. */
           testcase( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_COPIED );
           testcase( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
           assert( pOrTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_COPIED|TERM_VIRTUAL) );
           continue;
         }
-        iColumn = pOrTerm->u.leftColumn;
+        iColumn = pOrTerm->u.x.leftColumn;
         iCursor = pOrTerm->leftCursor;
+        pLeft = pOrTerm->pExpr->pLeft;
         break;
       }
       if( i<0 ){
@@ -137560,7 +145390,9 @@ static void exprAnalyzeOrTerm(
         assert( pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_EQ );
         if( pOrTerm->leftCursor!=iCursor ){
           pOrTerm->wtFlags &= ~TERM_OR_OK;
-        }else if( pOrTerm->u.leftColumn!=iColumn ){
+        }else if( pOrTerm->u.x.leftColumn!=iColumn || (iColumn==XN_EXPR
+               && sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pOrTerm->pExpr->pLeft, pLeft, -1)
+        )){
           okToChngToIN = 0;
         }else{
           int affLeft, affRight;
@@ -137580,7 +145412,7 @@ static void exprAnalyzeOrTerm(
     }
 
     /* At this point, okToChngToIN is true if original pTerm satisfies
-    ** case 1.  In that case, construct a new virtual term that is 
+    ** case 1.  In that case, construct a new virtual term that is
     ** pTerm converted into an IN operator.
     */
     if( okToChngToIN ){
@@ -137593,7 +145425,7 @@ static void exprAnalyzeOrTerm(
         if( (pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_OR_OK)==0 ) continue;
         assert( pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_EQ );
         assert( pOrTerm->leftCursor==iCursor );
-        assert( pOrTerm->u.leftColumn==iColumn );
+        assert( pOrTerm->u.x.leftColumn==iColumn );
         pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrTerm->pExpr->pRight, 0);
         pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pWInfo->pParse, pList, pDup);
         pLeft = pOrTerm->pExpr->pLeft;
@@ -137647,7 +145479,7 @@ static int termIsEquivalence(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
   ){
     return 0;
   }
-  pColl = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight);
+  pColl = sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(pParse, pExpr);
   if( sqlite3IsBinary(pColl) ) return 1;
   return sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight);
 }
@@ -137725,8 +145557,8 @@ static int exprMightBeIndexed(
   Expr *pExpr,           /* An operand of a comparison operator */
   int op                 /* The specific comparison operator */
 ){
-  /* If this expression is a vector to the left or right of a 
-  ** inequality constraint (>, <, >= or <=), perform the processing 
+  /* If this expression is a vector to the left or right of a
+  ** inequality constraint (>, <, >= or <=), perform the processing
   ** on the first element of the vector.  */
   assert( TK_GT+1==TK_LE && TK_GT+2==TK_LT && TK_GT+3==TK_GE );
   assert( TK_IS<TK_GE && TK_ISNULL<TK_GE && TK_IN<TK_GE );
@@ -137829,25 +145661,25 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
     Expr *pRight = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr->pRight);
     u16 opMask = (pTerm->prereqRight & prereqLeft)==0 ? WO_ALL : WO_EQUIV;
 
-    if( pTerm->iField>0 ){
+    if( pTerm->u.x.iField>0 ){
       assert( op==TK_IN );
       assert( pLeft->op==TK_VECTOR );
-      pLeft = pLeft->x.pList->a[pTerm->iField-1].pExpr;
+      pLeft = pLeft->x.pList->a[pTerm->u.x.iField-1].pExpr;
     }
 
     if( exprMightBeIndexed(pSrc, prereqLeft, aiCurCol, pLeft, op) ){
       pTerm->leftCursor = aiCurCol[0];
-      pTerm->u.leftColumn = aiCurCol[1];
+      pTerm->u.x.leftColumn = aiCurCol[1];
       pTerm->eOperator = operatorMask(op) & opMask;
     }
     if( op==TK_IS ) pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_IS;
-    if( pRight 
+    if( pRight
      && exprMightBeIndexed(pSrc, pTerm->prereqRight, aiCurCol, pRight, op)
     ){
       WhereTerm *pNew;
       Expr *pDup;
       u16 eExtraOp = 0;        /* Extra bits for pNew->eOperator */
-      assert( pTerm->iField==0 );
+      assert( pTerm->u.x.iField==0 );
       if( pTerm->leftCursor>=0 ){
         int idxNew;
         pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
@@ -137871,9 +145703,9 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
         pDup = pExpr;
         pNew = pTerm;
       }
-      exprCommute(pParse, pDup);
+      pNew->wtFlags |= exprCommute(pParse, pDup);
       pNew->leftCursor = aiCurCol[0];
-      pNew->u.leftColumn = aiCurCol[1];
+      pNew->u.x.leftColumn = aiCurCol[1];
       testcase( (prereqLeft | extraRight) != prereqLeft );
       pNew->prereqRight = prereqLeft | extraRight;
       pNew->prereqAll = prereqAll;
@@ -137906,7 +145738,7 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
     for(i=0; i<2; i++){
       Expr *pNewExpr;
       int idxNew;
-      pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, ops[i], 
+      pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, ops[i],
                              sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr->pLeft, 0),
                              sqlite3ExprDup(db, pList->a[i].pExpr, 0));
       transferJoinMarkings(pNewExpr, pExpr);
@@ -137944,7 +145776,7 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
   ** bound is made all lowercase so that the bounds also work when comparing
   ** BLOBs.
   */
-  if( pWC->op==TK_AND 
+  if( pWC->op==TK_AND
    && isLikeOrGlob(pParse, pExpr, &pStr1, &isComplete, &noCase)
   ){
     Expr *pLeft;       /* LHS of LIKE/GLOB operator */
@@ -137980,7 +145812,7 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
       if( noCase ){
         /* The point is to increment the last character before the first
         ** wildcard.  But if we increment '@', that will push it into the
-        ** alphabetic range where case conversions will mess up the 
+        ** alphabetic range where case conversions will mess up the
         ** inequality.  To avoid this, make sure to also run the full
         ** LIKE on all candidate expressions by clearing the isComplete flag
         */
@@ -138036,17 +145868,18 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
       prereqColumn = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pLeft);
       if( (prereqExpr & prereqColumn)==0 ){
         Expr *pNewExpr;
-        pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_MATCH, 
+        pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_MATCH,
             0, sqlite3ExprDup(db, pRight, 0));
         if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) && pNewExpr ){
           ExprSetProperty(pNewExpr, EP_FromJoin);
+          pNewExpr->iRightJoinTable = pExpr->iRightJoinTable;
         }
         idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
         testcase( idxNew==0 );
         pNewTerm = &pWC->a[idxNew];
         pNewTerm->prereqRight = prereqExpr;
         pNewTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
-        pNewTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
+        pNewTerm->u.x.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
         pNewTerm->eOperator = WO_AUX;
         pNewTerm->eMatchOp = eOp2;
         markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
@@ -138066,11 +145899,11 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
   **
   ** This is only required if at least one side of the comparison operation
   ** is not a sub-select.  */
-  if( pWC->op==TK_AND 
+  if( pWC->op==TK_AND
   && (pExpr->op==TK_EQ || pExpr->op==TK_IS)
   && (nLeft = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pExpr->pLeft))>1
   && sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pExpr->pRight)==nLeft
-  && ( (pExpr->pLeft->flags & EP_xIsSelect)==0 
+  && ( (pExpr->pLeft->flags & EP_xIsSelect)==0
     || (pExpr->pRight->flags & EP_xIsSelect)==0)
   ){
     int i;
@@ -138092,28 +145925,32 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
 
   /* If there is a vector IN term - e.g. "(a, b) IN (SELECT ...)" - create
   ** a virtual term for each vector component. The expression object
-  ** used by each such virtual term is pExpr (the full vector IN(...) 
-  ** expression). The WhereTerm.iField variable identifies the index within
+  ** used by each such virtual term is pExpr (the full vector IN(...)
+  ** expression). The WhereTerm.u.x.iField variable identifies the index within
   ** the vector on the LHS that the virtual term represents.
   **
-  ** This only works if the RHS is a simple SELECT, not a compound
+  ** This only works if the RHS is a simple SELECT (not a compound) that does
+  ** not use window functions.
   */
-  if( pWC->op==TK_AND && pExpr->op==TK_IN && pTerm->iField==0
+  if( pWC->op==TK_AND && pExpr->op==TK_IN && pTerm->u.x.iField==0
    && pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_VECTOR
    && pExpr->x.pSelect->pPrior==0
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+   && pExpr->x.pSelect->pWin==0
+#endif
   ){
     int i;
     for(i=0; i<sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pExpr->pLeft); i++){
       int idxNew;
       idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pExpr, TERM_VIRTUAL);
-      pWC->a[idxNew].iField = i+1;
+      pWC->a[idxNew].u.x.iField = i+1;
       exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew);
       markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
     }
   }
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-  /* When sqlite_stat3 histogram data is available an operator of the
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+  /* When sqlite_stat4 histogram data is available an operator of the
   ** form "x IS NOT NULL" can sometimes be evaluated more efficiently
   ** as "x>NULL" if x is not an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY.  So construct a
   ** virtual term of that form.
@@ -138123,7 +145960,8 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
   if( pExpr->op==TK_NOTNULL
    && pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN
    && pExpr->pLeft->iColumn>=0
-   && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_Stat34)
+   && !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
+   && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_Stat4)
   ){
     Expr *pNewExpr;
     Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
@@ -138140,7 +145978,7 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
       pNewTerm = &pWC->a[idxNew];
       pNewTerm->prereqRight = 0;
       pNewTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
-      pNewTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
+      pNewTerm->u.x.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
       pNewTerm->eOperator = WO_GT;
       markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
       pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
@@ -138148,7 +145986,7 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
       pNewTerm->prereqAll = pTerm->prereqAll;
     }
   }
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 */
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */
 
   /* Prevent ON clause terms of a LEFT JOIN from being used to drive
   ** an index for tables to the left of the join.
@@ -138181,8 +146019,9 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
 ** all terms of the WHERE clause.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereSplit(WhereClause *pWC, Expr *pExpr, u8 op){
-  Expr *pE2 = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr);
+  Expr *pE2 = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pExpr);
   pWC->op = op;
+  assert( pE2!=0 || pExpr==0 );
   if( pE2==0 ) return;
   if( pE2->op!=op ){
     whereClauseInsert(pWC, pExpr, 0);
@@ -138256,6 +146095,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereExprUsageNN(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, Expr *p){
   }else if( p->x.pList ){
     mask |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, p->x.pList);
   }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
+  if( (p->op==TK_FUNCTION || p->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION) && p->y.pWin ){
+    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, p->y.pWin->pPartition);
+    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, p->y.pWin->pOrderBy);
+    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, p->y.pWin->pFilter);
+  }
+#endif
   return mask;
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereExprUsage(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, Expr *p){
@@ -138274,7 +146120,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, ExprLis
 
 
 /*
-** Call exprAnalyze on all terms in a WHERE clause.  
+** Call exprAnalyze on all terms in a WHERE clause.
 **
 ** Note that exprAnalyze() might add new virtual terms onto the
 ** end of the WHERE clause.  We do not want to analyze these new
@@ -138293,7 +146139,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereExprAnalyze(
 
 /*
 ** For table-valued-functions, transform the function arguments into
-** new WHERE clause terms.  
+** new WHERE clause terms.
 **
 ** Each function argument translates into an equality constraint against
 ** a HIDDEN column in the table.
@@ -138314,6 +146160,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereTabFuncArgs(
   pArgs = pItem->u1.pFuncArg;
   if( pArgs==0 ) return;
   for(j=k=0; j<pArgs->nExpr; j++){
+    Expr *pRhs;
     while( k<pTab->nCol && (pTab->aCol[k].colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)==0 ){k++;}
     if( k>=pTab->nCol ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many arguments on %s() - max %d",
@@ -138324,9 +146171,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereTabFuncArgs(
     if( pColRef==0 ) return;
     pColRef->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
     pColRef->iColumn = k++;
-    pColRef->pTab = pTab;
-    pTerm = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, pColRef,
-                         sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pArgs->a[j].pExpr, 0));
+    pColRef->y.pTab = pTab;
+    pRhs = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UPLUS,
+        sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pArgs->a[j].pExpr, 0), 0);
+    pTerm = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, pColRef, pRhs);
+    if( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT ){
+      sqlite3SetJoinExpr(pTerm, pItem->iCursor);
+    }
     whereClauseInsert(pWC, pTerm, TERM_DYNAMIC);
   }
 }
@@ -138394,8 +146245,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return TRUE if the WHERE clause returns rows in ORDER BY order.
-** Return FALSE if the output needs to be sorted.
+** Return the number of ORDER BY terms that are satisfied by the
+** WHERE clause.  A return of 0 means that the output must be
+** completely sorted.  A return equal to the number of ORDER BY
+** terms means that no sorting is needed at all.  A return that
+** is positive but less than the number of ORDER BY terms means that
+** block sorting is required.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
   return pWInfo->nOBSat;
@@ -138419,7 +146274,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
 ** be the continuation for the inner-most loop.
 **
 ** It is always safe for this routine to return the continuation of the
-** inner-most loop, in the sense that a correct answer will result.  
+** inner-most loop, in the sense that a correct answer will result.
 ** Returning the continuation the second inner loop is an optimization
 ** that might make the code run a little faster, but should not change
 ** the final answer.
@@ -138427,7 +146282,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereOrderByLimitOptLabel(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
   WhereLevel *pInner;
   if( !pWInfo->bOrderedInnerLoop ){
-    /* The ORDER BY LIMIT optimization does not apply.  Jump to the 
+    /* The ORDER BY LIMIT optimization does not apply.  Jump to the
     ** continuation of the inner-most loop. */
     return pWInfo->iContinue;
   }
@@ -138455,10 +146310,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
 
 /*
 ** Return ONEPASS_OFF (0) if an UPDATE or DELETE statement is unable to
-** operate directly on the rowis returned by a WHERE clause.  Return
+** operate directly on the rowids returned by a WHERE clause.  Return
 ** ONEPASS_SINGLE (1) if the statement can operation directly because only
 ** a single row is to be changed.  Return ONEPASS_MULTI (2) if the one-pass
-** optimization can be used on multiple 
+** optimization can be used on multiple
 **
 ** If the ONEPASS optimization is used (if this routine returns true)
 ** then also write the indices of open cursors used by ONEPASS
@@ -138482,6 +146337,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo *pWInfo, int *aiCur){
   return pWInfo->eOnePass;
 }
 
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the WHERE loop uses the OP_DeferredSeek opcode to move
+** the data cursor to the row selected by the index cursor.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WhereUsesDeferredSeek(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
+  return pWInfo->bDeferredSeek;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Move the content of pSrc into pDest
 */
@@ -138558,6 +146421,16 @@ static void createMask(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, int iCursor){
   pMaskSet->ix[pMaskSet->n++] = iCursor;
 }
 
+/*
+** If the right-hand branch of the expression is a TK_COLUMN, then return
+** a pointer to the right-hand branch.  Otherwise, return NULL.
+*/
+static Expr *whereRightSubexprIsColumn(Expr *p){
+  p = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(p->pRight);
+  if( ALWAYS(p!=0) && p->op==TK_COLUMN ) return p;
+  return 0;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Advance to the next WhereTerm that matches according to the criteria
 ** established when the pScan object was initialized by whereScanInit().
@@ -138580,7 +146453,7 @@ static WhereTerm *whereScanNext(WhereScan *pScan){
     do{
       for(pTerm=pWC->a+k; k<pWC->nTerm; k++, pTerm++){
         if( pTerm->leftCursor==iCur
-         && pTerm->u.leftColumn==iColumn
+         && pTerm->u.x.leftColumn==iColumn
          && (iColumn!=XN_EXPR
              || sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(pTerm->pExpr->pLeft,
                                        pScan->pIdxExpr,iCur)==0)
@@ -138588,7 +146461,7 @@ static WhereTerm *whereScanNext(WhereScan *pScan){
         ){
           if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_EQUIV)!=0
            && pScan->nEquiv<ArraySize(pScan->aiCur)
-           && (pX = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pTerm->pExpr->pRight))->op==TK_COLUMN
+           && (pX = whereRightSubexprIsColumn(pTerm->pExpr))!=0
           ){
             int j;
             for(j=0; j<pScan->nEquiv; j++){
@@ -138613,8 +146486,7 @@ static WhereTerm *whereScanNext(WhereScan *pScan){
                 continue;
               }
               assert(pX->pLeft);
-              pColl = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse,
-                                                  pX->pLeft, pX->pRight);
+              pColl = sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(pParse, pX);
               if( pColl==0 ) pColl = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
               if( sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, pScan->zCollName) ){
                 continue;
@@ -138645,6 +146517,17 @@ static WhereTerm *whereScanNext(WhereScan *pScan){
   return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+** This is whereScanInit() for the case of an index on an expression.
+** It is factored out into a separate tail-recursion subroutine so that
+** the normal whereScanInit() routine, which is a high-runner, does not
+** need to push registers onto the stack as part of its prologue.
+*/
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE WhereTerm *whereScanInitIndexExpr(WhereScan *pScan){
+  pScan->idxaff = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pScan->pIdxExpr);
+  return whereScanNext(pScan);
+}
+
 /*
 ** Initialize a WHERE clause scanner object.  Return a pointer to the
 ** first match.  Return NULL if there are no matches.
@@ -138677,12 +146560,19 @@ static WhereTerm *whereScanInit(
   pScan->pIdxExpr = 0;
   pScan->idxaff = 0;
   pScan->zCollName = 0;
+  pScan->opMask = opMask;
+  pScan->k = 0;
+  pScan->aiCur[0] = iCur;
+  pScan->nEquiv = 1;
+  pScan->iEquiv = 1;
   if( pIdx ){
     int j = iColumn;
     iColumn = pIdx->aiColumn[j];
     if( iColumn==XN_EXPR ){
       pScan->pIdxExpr = pIdx->aColExpr->a[j].pExpr;
       pScan->zCollName = pIdx->azColl[j];
+      pScan->aiColumn[0] = XN_EXPR;
+      return whereScanInitIndexExpr(pScan);
     }else if( iColumn==pIdx->pTable->iPKey ){
       iColumn = XN_ROWID;
     }else if( iColumn>=0 ){
@@ -138692,12 +146582,7 @@ static WhereTerm *whereScanInit(
   }else if( iColumn==XN_EXPR ){
     return 0;
   }
-  pScan->opMask = opMask;
-  pScan->k = 0;
-  pScan->aiCur[0] = iCur;
   pScan->aiColumn[0] = iColumn;
-  pScan->nEquiv = 1;
-  pScan->iEquiv = 1;
   return whereScanNext(pScan);
 }
 
@@ -138707,7 +146592,7 @@ static WhereTerm *whereScanInit(
 ** if pIdx!=0 and <op> is one of the WO_xx operator codes specified by
 ** the op parameter.  Return a pointer to the term.  Return 0 if not found.
 **
-** If pIdx!=0 then it must be one of the indexes of table iCur.  
+** If pIdx!=0 then it must be one of the indexes of table iCur.
 ** Search for terms matching the iColumn-th column of pIdx
 ** rather than the iColumn-th column of table iCur.
 **
@@ -138771,8 +146656,9 @@ static int findIndexCol(
   const char *zColl = pIdx->azColl[iCol];
 
   for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
-    Expr *p = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pList->a[i].pExpr);
-    if( p->op==TK_COLUMN
+    Expr *p = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pList->a[i].pExpr);
+    if( ALWAYS(p!=0)
+     && p->op==TK_COLUMN
      && p->iColumn==pIdx->aiColumn[iCol]
      && p->iTable==iBase
     ){
@@ -138820,22 +146706,23 @@ static int isDistinctRedundant(
 ){
   Table *pTab;
   Index *pIdx;
-  int i;                          
+  int i;
   int iBase;
 
   /* If there is more than one table or sub-select in the FROM clause of
-  ** this query, then it will not be possible to show that the DISTINCT 
+  ** this query, then it will not be possible to show that the DISTINCT
   ** clause is redundant. */
   if( pTabList->nSrc!=1 ) return 0;
   iBase = pTabList->a[0].iCursor;
   pTab = pTabList->a[0].pTab;
 
-  /* If any of the expressions is an IPK column on table iBase, then return 
+  /* If any of the expressions is an IPK column on table iBase, then return
   ** true. Note: The (p->iTable==iBase) part of this test may be false if the
   ** current SELECT is a correlated sub-query.
   */
   for(i=0; i<pDistinct->nExpr; i++){
-    Expr *p = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pDistinct->a[i].pExpr);
+    Expr *p = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pDistinct->a[i].pExpr);
+    if( NEVER(p==0) ) continue;
     if( p->op==TK_COLUMN && p->iTable==iBase && p->iColumn<0 ) return 1;
   }
 
@@ -138881,20 +146768,20 @@ static LogEst estLog(LogEst N){
 ** Convert OP_Column opcodes to OP_Copy in previously generated code.
 **
 ** This routine runs over generated VDBE code and translates OP_Column
-** opcodes into OP_Copy when the table is being accessed via co-routine 
+** opcodes into OP_Copy when the table is being accessed via co-routine
 ** instead of via table lookup.
 **
-** If the bIncrRowid parameter is 0, then any OP_Rowid instructions on
-** cursor iTabCur are transformed into OP_Null. Or, if bIncrRowid is non-zero,
-** then each OP_Rowid is transformed into an instruction to increment the
-** value stored in its output register.
+** If the iAutoidxCur is not zero, then any OP_Rowid instructions on
+** cursor iTabCur are transformed into OP_Sequence opcode for the
+** iAutoidxCur cursor, in order to generate unique rowids for the
+** automatic index being generated.
 */
 static void translateColumnToCopy(
   Parse *pParse,      /* Parsing context */
   int iStart,         /* Translate from this opcode to the end */
   int iTabCur,        /* OP_Column/OP_Rowid references to this table */
   int iRegister,      /* The first column is in this register */
-  int bIncrRowid      /* If non-zero, transform OP_rowid to OP_AddImm(1) */
+  int iAutoidxCur     /* If non-zero, cursor of autoindex being generated */
 ){
   Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
   VdbeOp *pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, iStart);
@@ -138908,11 +146795,9 @@ static void translateColumnToCopy(
       pOp->p2 = pOp->p3;
       pOp->p3 = 0;
     }else if( pOp->opcode==OP_Rowid ){
-      if( bIncrRowid ){
-        /* Increment the value stored in the P2 operand of the OP_Rowid. */
-        pOp->opcode = OP_AddImm;
-        pOp->p1 = pOp->p2;
-        pOp->p2 = 1;
+      if( iAutoidxCur ){
+        pOp->opcode = OP_Sequence;
+        pOp->p1 = iAutoidxCur;
       }else{
         pOp->opcode = OP_Null;
         pOp->p1 = 0;
@@ -138929,7 +146814,7 @@ static void translateColumnToCopy(
 ** are no-ops.
 */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(WHERETRACE_ENABLED)
-static void TRACE_IDX_INPUTS(sqlite3_index_info *p){
+static void whereTraceIndexInfoInputs(sqlite3_index_info *p){
   int i;
   if( !sqlite3WhereTrace ) return;
   for(i=0; i<p->nConstraint; i++){
@@ -138947,7 +146832,7 @@ static void TRACE_IDX_INPUTS(sqlite3_index_info *p){
        p->aOrderBy[i].desc);
   }
 }
-static void TRACE_IDX_OUTPUTS(sqlite3_index_info *p){
+static void whereTraceIndexInfoOutputs(sqlite3_index_info *p){
   int i;
   if( !sqlite3WhereTrace ) return;
   for(i=0; i<p->nConstraint; i++){
@@ -138963,8 +146848,8 @@ static void TRACE_IDX_OUTPUTS(sqlite3_index_info *p){
   sqlite3DebugPrintf("  estimatedRows=%lld\n", p->estimatedRows);
 }
 #else
-#define TRACE_IDX_INPUTS(A)
-#define TRACE_IDX_OUTPUTS(A)
+#define whereTraceIndexInfoInputs(A)
+#define whereTraceIndexInfoOutputs(A)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
@@ -138981,7 +146866,7 @@ static int termCanDriveIndex(
   char aff;
   if( pTerm->leftCursor!=pSrc->iCursor ) return 0;
   if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_IS))==0 ) return 0;
-  if( (pSrc->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT) 
+  if( (pSrc->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)
    && !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
    && (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS)
   ){
@@ -138991,8 +146876,8 @@ static int termCanDriveIndex(
     return 0;
   }
   if( (pTerm->prereqRight & notReady)!=0 ) return 0;
-  if( pTerm->u.leftColumn<0 ) return 0;
-  aff = pSrc->pTab->aCol[pTerm->u.leftColumn].affinity;
+  if( pTerm->u.x.leftColumn<0 ) return 0;
+  aff = pSrc->pTab->aCol[pTerm->u.x.leftColumn].affinity;
   if( !sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(pTerm->pExpr, aff) ) return 0;
   testcase( pTerm->pExpr->op==TK_IS );
   return 1;
@@ -139059,11 +146944,11 @@ static void constructAutomaticIndex(
      && (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL)==0
      && !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
      && sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(pExpr, pSrc->iCursor) ){
-      pPartial = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse->db, pPartial,
+      pPartial = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, pPartial,
                                 sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pExpr, 0));
     }
     if( termCanDriveIndex(pTerm, pSrc, notReady) ){
-      int iCol = pTerm->u.leftColumn;
+      int iCol = pTerm->u.x.leftColumn;
       Bitmask cMask = iCol>=BMS ? MASKBIT(BMS-1) : MASKBIT(iCol);
       testcase( iCol==BMS );
       testcase( iCol==BMS-1 );
@@ -139116,15 +147001,16 @@ static void constructAutomaticIndex(
   idxCols = 0;
   for(pTerm=pWC->a; pTerm<pWCEnd; pTerm++){
     if( termCanDriveIndex(pTerm, pSrc, notReady) ){
-      int iCol = pTerm->u.leftColumn;
+      int iCol = pTerm->u.x.leftColumn;
       Bitmask cMask = iCol>=BMS ? MASKBIT(BMS-1) : MASKBIT(iCol);
       testcase( iCol==BMS-1 );
       testcase( iCol==BMS );
       if( (idxCols & cMask)==0 ){
         Expr *pX = pTerm->pExpr;
         idxCols |= cMask;
-        pIdx->aiColumn[n] = pTerm->u.leftColumn;
-        pColl = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pX->pLeft, pX->pRight);
+        pIdx->aiColumn[n] = pTerm->u.x.leftColumn;
+        pColl = sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(pParse, pX);
+        assert( pColl!=0 || pParse->nErr>0 ); /* TH3 collate01.800 */
         pIdx->azColl[n] = pColl ? pColl->zName : sqlite3StrBINARY;
         n++;
       }
@@ -139172,7 +147058,7 @@ static void constructAutomaticIndex(
     addrTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, pLevel->iTabCur); VdbeCoverage(v);
   }
   if( pPartial ){
-    iContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+    iContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
     sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pPartial, iContinue, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
     pLoop->wsFlags |= WHERE_PARTIALIDX;
   }
@@ -139186,17 +147072,18 @@ static void constructAutomaticIndex(
   if( pTabItem->fg.viaCoroutine ){
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, addrCounter, regBase+n);
     testcase( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
+    assert( pLevel->iIdxCur>0 );
     translateColumnToCopy(pParse, addrTop, pLevel->iTabCur,
-                          pTabItem->regResult, 1);
+                          pTabItem->regResult, pLevel->iIdxCur);
     sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, addrTop);
     pTabItem->fg.viaCoroutine = 0;
   }else{
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pLevel->iTabCur, addrTop+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX);
   }
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX);
   sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop);
   sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
-  
+
   /* Jump here when skipping the initialization */
   sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrInit);
 
@@ -139207,7 +147094,7 @@ end_auto_index_create:
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
 /*
-** Allocate and populate an sqlite3_index_info structure. It is the 
+** Allocate and populate an sqlite3_index_info structure. It is the
 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually release the structure
 ** by passing the pointer returned by this function to sqlite3_free().
 */
@@ -139242,11 +147129,11 @@ static sqlite3_index_info *allocateIndexInfo(
     testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL );
     if( (pTerm->eOperator & ~(WO_EQUIV))==0 ) continue;
     if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL ) continue;
-    assert( pTerm->u.leftColumn>=(-1) );
+    assert( pTerm->u.x.leftColumn>=(-1) );
     nTerm++;
   }
 
-  /* If the ORDER BY clause contains only columns in the current 
+  /* If the ORDER BY clause contains only columns in the current
   ** virtual table then allocate space for the aOrderBy part of
   ** the sqlite3_index_info structure.
   */
@@ -139256,6 +147143,7 @@ static sqlite3_index_info *allocateIndexInfo(
     for(i=0; i<n; i++){
       Expr *pExpr = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
       if( pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN || pExpr->iTable!=pSrc->iCursor ) break;
+      if( pOrderBy->a[i].sortFlags & KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL ) break;
     }
     if( i==n){
       nOrderBy = n;
@@ -139271,23 +147159,14 @@ static sqlite3_index_info *allocateIndexInfo(
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "out of memory");
     return 0;
   }
-
-  /* Initialize the structure.  The sqlite3_index_info structure contains
-  ** many fields that are declared "const" to prevent xBestIndex from
-  ** changing them.  We have to do some funky casting in order to
-  ** initialize those fields.
-  */
   pHidden = (struct HiddenIndexInfo*)&pIdxInfo[1];
   pIdxCons = (struct sqlite3_index_constraint*)&pHidden[1];
   pIdxOrderBy = (struct sqlite3_index_orderby*)&pIdxCons[nTerm];
   pUsage = (struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage*)&pIdxOrderBy[nOrderBy];
-  *(int*)&pIdxInfo->nConstraint = nTerm;
-  *(int*)&pIdxInfo->nOrderBy = nOrderBy;
-  *(struct sqlite3_index_constraint**)&pIdxInfo->aConstraint = pIdxCons;
-  *(struct sqlite3_index_orderby**)&pIdxInfo->aOrderBy = pIdxOrderBy;
-  *(struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage**)&pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage =
-                                                                   pUsage;
-
+  pIdxInfo->nOrderBy = nOrderBy;
+  pIdxInfo->aConstraint = pIdxCons;
+  pIdxInfo->aOrderBy = pIdxOrderBy;
+  pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage = pUsage;
   pHidden->pWC = pWC;
   pHidden->pParse = pParse;
   for(i=j=0, pTerm=pWC->a; i<pWC->nTerm; i++, pTerm++){
@@ -139301,22 +147180,17 @@ static sqlite3_index_info *allocateIndexInfo(
     testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL );
     if( (pTerm->eOperator & ~(WO_EQUIV))==0 ) continue;
     if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL ) continue;
+
+    /* tag-20191211-002: WHERE-clause constraints are not useful to the
+    ** right-hand table of a LEFT JOIN.  See tag-20191211-001 for the
+    ** equivalent restriction for ordinary tables. */
     if( (pSrc->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0
      && !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
-     && (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_IS|WO_ISNULL))
     ){
-      /* An "IS" term in the WHERE clause where the virtual table is the rhs
-      ** of a LEFT JOIN. Do not pass this term to the virtual table
-      ** implementation, as this can lead to incorrect results from SQL such
-      ** as:
-      **
-      **   "LEFT JOIN vtab WHERE vtab.col IS NULL"  */
-      testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
-      testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
       continue;
     }
-    assert( pTerm->u.leftColumn>=(-1) );
-    pIdxCons[j].iColumn = pTerm->u.leftColumn;
+    assert( pTerm->u.x.leftColumn>=(-1) );
+    pIdxCons[j].iColumn = pTerm->u.x.leftColumn;
     pIdxCons[j].iTermOffset = i;
     op = pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL;
     if( op==WO_IN ) op = WO_EQ;
@@ -139341,9 +147215,10 @@ static sqlite3_index_info *allocateIndexInfo(
       assert( pTerm->eOperator&(WO_IN|WO_EQ|WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_AUX) );
 
       if( op & (WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE)
-       && sqlite3ExprIsVector(pTerm->pExpr->pRight) 
+       && sqlite3ExprIsVector(pTerm->pExpr->pRight)
       ){
-        if( i<16 ) mNoOmit |= (1 << i);
+        testcase( j!=i );
+        if( j<16 ) mNoOmit |= (1 << j);
         if( op==WO_LT ) pIdxCons[j].op = WO_LE;
         if( op==WO_GT ) pIdxCons[j].op = WO_GE;
       }
@@ -139351,10 +147226,11 @@ static sqlite3_index_info *allocateIndexInfo(
 
     j++;
   }
+  pIdxInfo->nConstraint = j;
   for(i=0; i<nOrderBy; i++){
     Expr *pExpr = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
     pIdxOrderBy[i].iColumn = pExpr->iColumn;
-    pIdxOrderBy[i].desc = pOrderBy->a[i].sortOrder;
+    pIdxOrderBy[i].desc = pOrderBy->a[i].sortFlags & KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC;
   }
 
   *pmNoOmit = mNoOmit;
@@ -139367,9 +147243,11 @@ static sqlite3_index_info *allocateIndexInfo(
 ** method of the virtual table with the sqlite3_index_info object that
 ** comes in as the 3rd argument to this function.
 **
-** If an error occurs, pParse is populated with an error message and a
-** non-zero value is returned. Otherwise, 0 is returned and the output
-** part of the sqlite3_index_info structure is left populated.
+** If an error occurs, pParse is populated with an error message and an
+** appropriate error code is returned.  A return of SQLITE_CONSTRAINT from
+** xBestIndex is not considered an error.  SQLITE_CONSTRAINT indicates that
+** the current configuration of "unusable" flags in sqlite3_index_info can
+** not result in a valid plan.
 **
 ** Whether or not an error is returned, it is the responsibility of the
 ** caller to eventually free p->idxStr if p->needToFreeIdxStr indicates
@@ -139379,11 +147257,11 @@ static int vtabBestIndex(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, sqlite3_index_info *p){
   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab = sqlite3GetVTable(pParse->db, pTab)->pVtab;
   int rc;
 
-  TRACE_IDX_INPUTS(p);
+  whereTraceIndexInfoInputs(p);
   rc = pVtab->pModule->xBestIndex(pVtab, p);
-  TRACE_IDX_OUTPUTS(p);
+  whereTraceIndexInfoOutputs(p);
 
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_CONSTRAINT ){
     if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
       sqlite3OomFault(pParse->db);
     }else if( !pVtab->zErrMsg ){
@@ -139394,23 +147272,11 @@ static int vtabBestIndex(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, sqlite3_index_info *p){
   }
   sqlite3_free(pVtab->zErrMsg);
   pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
-
-#if 0
-  /* This error is now caught by the caller.
-  ** Search for "xBestIndex malfunction" below */
-  for(i=0; i<p->nConstraint; i++){
-    if( !p->aConstraint[i].usable && p->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex>0 ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
-          "table %s: xBestIndex returned an invalid plan", pTab->zName);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  return pParse->nErr;
+  return rc;
 }
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) */
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
 /*
 ** Estimate the location of a particular key among all keys in an
 ** index.  Store the results in aStat as follows:
@@ -139421,8 +147287,8 @@ static int vtabBestIndex(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, sqlite3_index_info *p){
 ** Return the index of the sample that is the smallest sample that
 ** is greater than or equal to pRec. Note that this index is not an index
 ** into the aSample[] array - it is an index into a virtual set of samples
-** based on the contents of aSample[] and the number of fields in record 
-** pRec. 
+** based on the contents of aSample[] and the number of fields in record
+** pRec.
 */
 static int whereKeyStats(
   Parse *pParse,              /* Database connection */
@@ -139458,38 +147324,38 @@ static int whereKeyStats(
   ** consider prefixes of those samples. For example, if the set of samples
   ** in aSample is:
   **
-  **     aSample[0] = (a, 5) 
-  **     aSample[1] = (a, 10) 
-  **     aSample[2] = (b, 5) 
-  **     aSample[3] = (c, 100) 
+  **     aSample[0] = (a, 5)
+  **     aSample[1] = (a, 10)
+  **     aSample[2] = (b, 5)
+  **     aSample[3] = (c, 100)
   **     aSample[4] = (c, 105)
   **
-  ** Then the search space should ideally be the samples above and the 
-  ** unique prefixes [a], [b] and [c]. But since that is hard to organize, 
+  ** Then the search space should ideally be the samples above and the
+  ** unique prefixes [a], [b] and [c]. But since that is hard to organize,
   ** the code actually searches this set:
   **
-  **     0: (a) 
-  **     1: (a, 5) 
-  **     2: (a, 10) 
-  **     3: (a, 10) 
-  **     4: (b) 
-  **     5: (b, 5) 
-  **     6: (c) 
-  **     7: (c, 100) 
+  **     0: (a)
+  **     1: (a, 5)
+  **     2: (a, 10)
+  **     3: (a, 10)
+  **     4: (b)
+  **     5: (b, 5)
+  **     6: (c)
+  **     7: (c, 100)
   **     8: (c, 105)
   **     9: (c, 105)
   **
   ** For each sample in the aSample[] array, N samples are present in the
-  ** effective sample array. In the above, samples 0 and 1 are based on 
+  ** effective sample array. In the above, samples 0 and 1 are based on
   ** sample aSample[0]. Samples 2 and 3 on aSample[1] etc.
   **
   ** Often, sample i of each block of N effective samples has (i+1) fields.
   ** Except, each sample may be extended to ensure that it is greater than or
-  ** equal to the previous sample in the array. For example, in the above, 
-  ** sample 2 is the first sample of a block of N samples, so at first it 
-  ** appears that it should be 1 field in size. However, that would make it 
-  ** smaller than sample 1, so the binary search would not work. As a result, 
-  ** it is extended to two fields. The duplicates that this creates do not 
+  ** equal to the previous sample in the array. For example, in the above,
+  ** sample 2 is the first sample of a block of N samples, so at first it
+  ** appears that it should be 1 field in size. However, that would make it
+  ** smaller than sample 1, so the binary search would not work. As a result,
+  ** it is extended to two fields. The duplicates that this creates do not
   ** cause any problems.
   */
   nField = pRec->nField;
@@ -139503,7 +147369,7 @@ static int whereKeyStats(
     iSamp = iTest / nField;
     if( iSamp>0 ){
       /* The proposed effective sample is a prefix of sample aSample[iSamp].
-      ** Specifically, the shortest prefix of at least (1 + iTest%nField) 
+      ** Specifically, the shortest prefix of at least (1 + iTest%nField)
       ** fields that is greater than the previous effective sample.  */
       for(n=(iTest % nField) + 1; n<nField; n++){
         if( aSample[iSamp-1].anLt[n-1]!=aSample[iSamp].anLt[n-1] ) break;
@@ -139538,8 +147404,8 @@ static int whereKeyStats(
       assert( i<pIdx->nSample );
       assert( iCol==nField-1 );
       pRec->nField = nField;
-      assert( 0==sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(aSample[i].n, aSample[i].p, pRec) 
-           || pParse->db->mallocFailed 
+      assert( 0==sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(aSample[i].n, aSample[i].p, pRec)
+           || pParse->db->mallocFailed
       );
     }else{
       /* Unless i==pIdx->nSample, indicating that pRec is larger than
@@ -139547,7 +147413,7 @@ static int whereKeyStats(
       ** (iCol+1) field prefix of sample i.  */
       assert( i<=pIdx->nSample && i>=0 );
       pRec->nField = iCol+1;
-      assert( i==pIdx->nSample 
+      assert( i==pIdx->nSample
            || sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(aSample[i].n, aSample[i].p, pRec)>0
            || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
 
@@ -139575,7 +147441,7 @@ static int whereKeyStats(
     aStat[0] = aSample[i].anLt[iCol];
     aStat[1] = aSample[i].anEq[iCol];
   }else{
-    /* At this point, the (iCol+1) field prefix of aSample[i] is the first 
+    /* At this point, the (iCol+1) field prefix of aSample[i] is the first
     ** sample that is greater than pRec. Or, if i==pIdx->nSample then pRec
     ** is larger than all samples in the array. */
     tRowcnt iUpper, iGap;
@@ -139603,11 +147469,11 @@ static int whereKeyStats(
   pRec->nField = nField;
   return i;
 }
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 */
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */
 
 /*
 ** If it is not NULL, pTerm is a term that provides an upper or lower
-** bound on a range scan. Without considering pTerm, it is estimated 
+** bound on a range scan. Without considering pTerm, it is estimated
 ** that the scan will visit nNew rows. This function returns the number
 ** estimated to be visited after taking pTerm into account.
 **
@@ -139629,7 +147495,7 @@ static LogEst whereRangeAdjust(WhereTerm *pTerm, LogEst nNew){
 }
 
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
 /*
 ** Return the affinity for a single column of an index.
 */
@@ -139638,24 +147504,25 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3 *db, Index *pIdx, int iCo
   if( !pIdx->zColAff ){
     if( sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(db, pIdx)==0 ) return SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
   }
+  assert( pIdx->zColAff[iCol]!=0 );
   return pIdx->zColAff[iCol];
 }
 #endif
 
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-/* 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+/*
 ** This function is called to estimate the number of rows visited by a
 ** range-scan on a skip-scan index. For example:
 **
 **   CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, b, c);
 **   SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=? AND c BETWEEN ? AND ?;
 **
-** Value pLoop->nOut is currently set to the estimated number of rows 
-** visited for scanning (a=? AND b=?). This function reduces that estimate 
+** Value pLoop->nOut is currently set to the estimated number of rows
+** visited for scanning (a=? AND b=?). This function reduces that estimate
 ** by some factor to account for the (c BETWEEN ? AND ?) expression based
-** on the stat4 data for the index. this scan will be peformed multiple 
-** times (once for each (a,b) combination that matches a=?) is dealt with 
+** on the stat4 data for the index. this scan will be peformed multiple
+** times (once for each (a,b) combination that matches a=?) is dealt with
 ** by the caller.
 **
 ** It does this by scanning through all stat4 samples, comparing values
@@ -139676,7 +147543,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3 *db, Index *pIdx, int iCo
 ** estimate of the number of rows delivered remains unchanged), *pbDone
 ** is left as is.
 **
-** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Otherwise, 
+** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Otherwise,
 ** SQLITE_OK.
 */
 static int whereRangeSkipScanEst(
@@ -139694,7 +147561,7 @@ static int whereRangeSkipScanEst(
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   u8 aff = sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(db, p, nEq);
   CollSeq *pColl;
-  
+
   sqlite3_value *p1 = 0;          /* Value extracted from pLower */
   sqlite3_value *p2 = 0;          /* Value extracted from pUpper */
   sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;        /* Value extracted from record */
@@ -139726,7 +147593,7 @@ static int whereRangeSkipScanEst(
     nDiff = (nUpper - nLower);
     if( nDiff<=0 ) nDiff = 1;
 
-    /* If there is both an upper and lower bound specified, and the 
+    /* If there is both an upper and lower bound specified, and the
     ** comparisons indicate that they are close together, use the fallback
     ** method (assume that the scan visits 1/64 of the rows) for estimating
     ** the number of rows visited. Otherwise, estimate the number of rows
@@ -139749,7 +147616,7 @@ static int whereRangeSkipScanEst(
 
   return rc;
 }
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 */
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */
 
 /*
 ** This function is used to estimate the number of rows that will be visited
@@ -139773,7 +147640,7 @@ static int whereRangeSkipScanEst(
 **
 **   ... FROM t1 WHERE a = ? AND b > ? AND b < ? ...
 **
-** then nEq is set to 1 (as the range restricted column, b, is the second 
+** then nEq is set to 1 (as the range restricted column, b, is the second
 ** left-most column of the index). Or, if the query is:
 **
 **   ... FROM t1 WHERE a > ? AND a < ? ...
@@ -139781,13 +147648,13 @@ static int whereRangeSkipScanEst(
 ** then nEq is set to 0.
 **
 ** When this function is called, *pnOut is set to the sqlite3LogEst() of the
-** number of rows that the index scan is expected to visit without 
-** considering the range constraints. If nEq is 0, then *pnOut is the number of 
+** number of rows that the index scan is expected to visit without
+** considering the range constraints. If nEq is 0, then *pnOut is the number of
 ** rows in the index. Assuming no error occurs, *pnOut is adjusted (reduced)
 ** to account for the range constraints pLower and pUpper.
-** 
+**
 ** In the absence of sqlite_stat4 ANALYZE data, or if such data cannot be
-** used, a single range inequality reduces the search space by a factor of 4. 
+** used, a single range inequality reduces the search space by a factor of 4.
 ** and a pair of constraints (x>? AND x<?) reduces the expected number of
 ** rows visited by a factor of 64.
 */
@@ -139802,12 +147669,12 @@ static int whereRangeScanEst(
   int nOut = pLoop->nOut;
   LogEst nNew;
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   Index *p = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
   int nEq = pLoop->u.btree.nEq;
 
-  if( p->nSample>0 && nEq<p->nSampleCol
-   && OptimizationEnabled(pParse->db, SQLITE_Stat34)
+  if( p->nSample>0 && ALWAYS(nEq<p->nSampleCol)
+   && OptimizationEnabled(pParse->db, SQLITE_Stat4)
   ){
     if( nEq==pBuilder->nRecValid ){
       UnpackedRecord *pRec = pBuilder->pRec;
@@ -139815,7 +147682,7 @@ static int whereRangeScanEst(
       int nBtm = pLoop->u.btree.nBtm;
       int nTop = pLoop->u.btree.nTop;
 
-      /* Variable iLower will be set to the estimate of the number of rows in 
+      /* Variable iLower will be set to the estimate of the number of rows in
       ** the index that are less than the lower bound of the range query. The
       ** lower bound being the concatenation of $P and $L, where $P is the
       ** key-prefix formed by the nEq values matched against the nEq left-most
@@ -139824,7 +147691,7 @@ static int whereRangeScanEst(
       ** Or, if pLower is NULL or $L cannot be extracted from it (because it
       ** is not a simple variable or literal value), the lower bound of the
       ** range is $P. Due to a quirk in the way whereKeyStats() works, even
-      ** if $L is available, whereKeyStats() is called for both ($P) and 
+      ** if $L is available, whereKeyStats() is called for both ($P) and
       ** ($P:$L) and the larger of the two returned values is used.
       **
       ** Similarly, iUpper is to be set to the estimate of the number of rows
@@ -139848,7 +147715,7 @@ static int whereRangeScanEst(
         iLower = 0;
         iUpper = p->nRowEst0;
       }else{
-        /* Note: this call could be optimized away - since the same values must 
+        /* Note: this call could be optimized away - since the same values must
         ** have been requested when testing key $P in whereEqualScanEst().  */
         whereKeyStats(pParse, p, pRec, 0, a);
         iLower = a[0];
@@ -139905,7 +147772,7 @@ static int whereRangeScanEst(
           /* TUNING:  If both iUpper and iLower are derived from the same
           ** sample, then assume they are 4x more selective.  This brings
           ** the estimated selectivity more in line with what it would be
-          ** if estimated without the use of STAT3/4 tables. */
+          ** if estimated without the use of STAT4 tables. */
           if( iLwrIdx==iUprIdx ) nNew -= 20;  assert( 20==sqlite3LogEst(4) );
         }else{
           nNew = 10;        assert( 10==sqlite3LogEst(2) );
@@ -139936,7 +147803,7 @@ static int whereRangeScanEst(
   ** reduced by an additional 75%. This means that, by default, an open-ended
   ** range query (e.g. col > ?) is assumed to match 1/4 of the rows in the
   ** index. While a closed range (e.g. col BETWEEN ? AND ?) is estimated to
-  ** match 1/64 of the index. */ 
+  ** match 1/64 of the index. */
   if( pLower && pLower->truthProb>0 && pUpper && pUpper->truthProb>0 ){
     nNew -= 20;
   }
@@ -139954,16 +147821,16 @@ static int whereRangeScanEst(
   return rc;
 }
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
 /*
 ** Estimate the number of rows that will be returned based on
 ** an equality constraint x=VALUE and where that VALUE occurs in
 ** the histogram data.  This only works when x is the left-most
-** column of an index and sqlite_stat3 histogram data is available
+** column of an index and sqlite_stat4 histogram data is available
 ** for that index.  When pExpr==NULL that means the constraint is
 ** "x IS NULL" instead of "x=VALUE".
 **
-** Write the estimated row count into *pnRow and return SQLITE_OK. 
+** Write the estimated row count into *pnRow and return SQLITE_OK.
 ** If unable to make an estimate, leave *pnRow unchanged and return
 ** non-zero.
 **
@@ -140014,12 +147881,12 @@ static int whereEqualScanEst(
   WHERETRACE(0x10,("equality scan regions %s(%d): %d\n",
                    p->zName, nEq-1, (int)a[1]));
   *pnRow = a[1];
-  
+
   return rc;
 }
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 */
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
 /*
 ** Estimate the number of rows that will be returned based on
 ** an IN constraint where the right-hand side of the IN operator
@@ -140027,7 +147894,7 @@ static int whereEqualScanEst(
 **
 **        WHERE x IN (1,2,3,4)
 **
-** Write the estimated row count into *pnRow and return SQLITE_OK. 
+** Write the estimated row count into *pnRow and return SQLITE_OK.
 ** If unable to make an estimate, leave *pnRow unchanged and return
 ** non-zero.
 **
@@ -140066,41 +147933,49 @@ static int whereInScanEst(
   assert( pBuilder->nRecValid==nRecValid );
   return rc;
 }
-#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 */
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */
 
 
 #ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
 /*
 ** Print the content of a WhereTerm object
 */
-static void whereTermPrint(WhereTerm *pTerm, int iTerm){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereTermPrint(WhereTerm *pTerm, int iTerm){
   if( pTerm==0 ){
     sqlite3DebugPrintf("TERM-%-3d NULL\n", iTerm);
   }else{
-    char zType[4];
+    char zType[8];
     char zLeft[50];
-    memcpy(zType, "...", 4);
+    memcpy(zType, "....", 5);
     if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL ) zType[0] = 'V';
     if( pTerm->eOperator & WO_EQUIV  ) zType[1] = 'E';
     if( ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ) zType[2] = 'L';
+    if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED  ) zType[3] = 'C';
     if( pTerm->eOperator & WO_SINGLE ){
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zLeft),zLeft,"left={%d:%d}",
-                       pTerm->leftCursor, pTerm->u.leftColumn);
+                       pTerm->leftCursor, pTerm->u.x.leftColumn);
     }else if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_OR)!=0 && pTerm->u.pOrInfo!=0 ){
-      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zLeft),zLeft,"indexable=0x%lld", 
+      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zLeft),zLeft,"indexable=0x%llx",
                        pTerm->u.pOrInfo->indexable);
     }else{
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zLeft),zLeft,"left=%d", pTerm->leftCursor);
     }
     sqlite3DebugPrintf(
-       "TERM-%-3d %p %s %-12s prob=%-3d op=0x%03x wtFlags=0x%04x",
-       iTerm, pTerm, zType, zLeft, pTerm->truthProb,
-       pTerm->eOperator, pTerm->wtFlags);
-    if( pTerm->iField ){
-      sqlite3DebugPrintf(" iField=%d\n", pTerm->iField);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3DebugPrintf("\n");
+       "TERM-%-3d %p %s %-12s op=%03x wtFlags=%04x",
+       iTerm, pTerm, zType, zLeft, pTerm->eOperator, pTerm->wtFlags);
+    /* The 0x10000 .wheretrace flag causes extra information to be
+    ** shown about each Term */
+    if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x10000 ){
+      sqlite3DebugPrintf(" prob=%-3d prereq=%llx,%llx",
+        pTerm->truthProb, (u64)pTerm->prereqAll, (u64)pTerm->prereqRight);
+    }
+    if( pTerm->u.x.iField ){
+      sqlite3DebugPrintf(" iField=%d", pTerm->u.x.iField);
     }
+    if( pTerm->iParent>=0 ){
+      sqlite3DebugPrintf(" iParent=%d", pTerm->iParent);
+    }
+    sqlite3DebugPrintf("\n");
     sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, pTerm->pExpr, 0);
   }
 }
@@ -140113,7 +147988,7 @@ static void whereTermPrint(WhereTerm *pTerm, int iTerm){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereClausePrint(WhereClause *pWC){
   int i;
   for(i=0; i<pWC->nTerm; i++){
-    whereTermPrint(&pWC->a[i], i);
+    sqlite3WhereTermPrint(&pWC->a[i], i);
   }
 }
 #endif
@@ -140122,7 +147997,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereClausePrint(WhereClause *pWC){
 /*
 ** Print a WhereLoop object for debugging purposes
 */
-static void whereLoopPrint(WhereLoop *p, WhereClause *pWC){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(WhereLoop *p, WhereClause *pWC){
   WhereInfo *pWInfo = pWC->pWInfo;
   int nb = 1+(pWInfo->pTabList->nSrc+3)/4;
   struct SrcList_item *pItem = pWInfo->pTabList->a + p->iTab;
@@ -140147,7 +148022,7 @@ static void whereLoopPrint(WhereLoop *p, WhereClause *pWC){
   }else{
     char *z;
     if( p->u.vtab.idxStr ){
-      z = sqlite3_mprintf("(%d,\"%s\",%x)",
+      z = sqlite3_mprintf("(%d,\"%s\",%#x)",
                 p->u.vtab.idxNum, p->u.vtab.idxStr, p->u.vtab.omitMask);
     }else{
       z = sqlite3_mprintf("(%d,%x)", p->u.vtab.idxNum, p->u.vtab.omitMask);
@@ -140164,7 +148039,7 @@ static void whereLoopPrint(WhereLoop *p, WhereClause *pWC){
   if( p->nLTerm && (sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x100)!=0 ){
     int i;
     for(i=0; i<p->nLTerm; i++){
-      whereTermPrint(p->aLTerm[i], i);
+      sqlite3WhereTermPrint(p->aLTerm[i], i);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -140268,6 +148143,7 @@ static void whereInfoFree(sqlite3 *db, WhereInfo *pWInfo){
     pWInfo->pLoops = p->pNextLoop;
     whereLoopDelete(db, p);
   }
+  assert( pWInfo->pExprMods==0 );
   sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, pWInfo);
 }
 
@@ -140282,7 +148158,7 @@ static void whereInfoFree(sqlite3 *db, WhereInfo *pWInfo){
 **
 ** Conditions (2) and (3) mean that X is a "proper subset" of Y.
 ** If X is a proper subset of Y then Y is a better choice and ought
-** to have a lower cost.  This routine returns TRUE when that cost 
+** to have a lower cost.  This routine returns TRUE when that cost
 ** relationship is inverted and needs to be adjusted.  Constraint (4)
 ** was added because if X uses skip-scan less than Y it still might
 ** deserve a lower cost even if it is a proper subset of Y.  Constraint (5)
@@ -140309,7 +148185,7 @@ static int whereLoopCheaperProperSubset(
     }
     if( j<0 ) return 0;  /* X not a subset of Y since term X[i] not used by Y */
   }
-  if( (pX->wsFlags&WHERE_IDX_ONLY)!=0 
+  if( (pX->wsFlags&WHERE_IDX_ONLY)!=0
    && (pY->wsFlags&WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 ){
     return 0;  /* Constraint (5) */
   }
@@ -140336,7 +148212,7 @@ static void whereLoopAdjustCost(const WhereLoop *p, WhereLoop *pTemplate){
     if( p->iTab!=pTemplate->iTab ) continue;
     if( (p->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)==0 ) continue;
     if( whereLoopCheaperProperSubset(p, pTemplate) ){
-      /* Adjust pTemplate cost downward so that it is cheaper than its 
+      /* Adjust pTemplate cost downward so that it is cheaper than its
       ** subset p. */
       WHERETRACE(0x80,("subset cost adjustment %d,%d to %d,%d\n",
                        pTemplate->rRun, pTemplate->nOut, p->rRun, p->nOut-1));
@@ -140382,7 +148258,7 @@ static WhereLoop **whereLoopFindLesser(
     /* In the current implementation, the rSetup value is either zero
     ** or the cost of building an automatic index (NlogN) and the NlogN
     ** is the same for compatible WhereLoops. */
-    assert( p->rSetup==0 || pTemplate->rSetup==0 
+    assert( p->rSetup==0 || pTemplate->rSetup==0
                  || p->rSetup==pTemplate->rSetup );
 
     /* whereLoopAddBtree() always generates and inserts the automatic index
@@ -140447,7 +148323,7 @@ static WhereLoop **whereLoopFindLesser(
 **
 ** When accumulating multiple loops (when pBuilder->pOrSet is NULL) we
 ** still might overwrite similar loops with the new template if the
-** new template is better.  Loops may be overwritten if the following 
+** new template is better.  Loops may be overwritten if the following
 ** conditions are met:
 **
 **    (1)  They have the same iTab.
@@ -140461,6 +148337,16 @@ static int whereLoopInsert(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, WhereLoop *pTemplate){
   sqlite3 *db = pWInfo->pParse->db;
   int rc;
 
+  /* Stop the search once we hit the query planner search limit */
+  if( pBuilder->iPlanLimit==0 ){
+    WHERETRACE(0xffffffff,("=== query planner search limit reached ===\n"));
+    if( pBuilder->pOrSet ) pBuilder->pOrSet->n = 0;
+    return SQLITE_DONE;
+  }
+  pBuilder->iPlanLimit--;
+
+  whereLoopAdjustCost(pWInfo->pLoops, pTemplate);
+
   /* If pBuilder->pOrSet is defined, then only keep track of the costs
   ** and prereqs.
   */
@@ -140475,7 +148361,7 @@ static int whereLoopInsert(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, WhereLoop *pTemplate){
 #if WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x8 */
       if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x8 ){
         sqlite3DebugPrintf(x?"   or-%d:  ":"   or-X:  ", n);
-        whereLoopPrint(pTemplate, pBuilder->pWC);
+        sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(pTemplate, pBuilder->pWC);
       }
 #endif
     }
@@ -140484,7 +148370,6 @@ static int whereLoopInsert(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, WhereLoop *pTemplate){
 
   /* Look for an existing WhereLoop to replace with pTemplate
   */
-  whereLoopAdjustCost(pWInfo->pLoops, pTemplate);
   ppPrev = whereLoopFindLesser(&pWInfo->pLoops, pTemplate);
 
   if( ppPrev==0 ){
@@ -140493,10 +148378,10 @@ static int whereLoopInsert(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, WhereLoop *pTemplate){
 #if WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x8 */
     if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x8 ){
       sqlite3DebugPrintf("   skip: ");
-      whereLoopPrint(pTemplate, pBuilder->pWC);
+      sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(pTemplate, pBuilder->pWC);
     }
 #endif
-    return SQLITE_OK;  
+    return SQLITE_OK;
   }else{
     p = *ppPrev;
   }
@@ -140509,12 +148394,12 @@ static int whereLoopInsert(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, WhereLoop *pTemplate){
   if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x8 ){
     if( p!=0 ){
       sqlite3DebugPrintf("replace: ");
-      whereLoopPrint(p, pBuilder->pWC);
+      sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(p, pBuilder->pWC);
       sqlite3DebugPrintf("   with: ");
     }else{
       sqlite3DebugPrintf("    add: ");
     }
-    whereLoopPrint(pTemplate, pBuilder->pWC);
+    sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(pTemplate, pBuilder->pWC);
   }
 #endif
   if( p==0 ){
@@ -140538,7 +148423,7 @@ static int whereLoopInsert(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, WhereLoop *pTemplate){
 #if WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x8 */
       if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x8 ){
         sqlite3DebugPrintf(" delete: ");
-        whereLoopPrint(pToDel, pBuilder->pWC);
+        sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(pToDel, pBuilder->pWC);
       }
 #endif
       whereLoopDelete(db, pToDel);
@@ -140547,7 +148432,7 @@ static int whereLoopInsert(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, WhereLoop *pTemplate){
   rc = whereLoopXfer(db, p, pTemplate);
   if( (p->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0 ){
     Index *pIndex = p->u.btree.pIndex;
-    if( pIndex && pIndex->tnum==0 ){
+    if( pIndex && pIndex->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK ){
       p->u.btree.pIndex = 0;
     }
   }
@@ -140590,11 +148475,12 @@ static void whereLoopOutputAdjust(
 ){
   WhereTerm *pTerm, *pX;
   Bitmask notAllowed = ~(pLoop->prereq|pLoop->maskSelf);
-  int i, j, k;
+  int i, j;
   LogEst iReduce = 0;    /* pLoop->nOut should not exceed nRow-iReduce */
 
   assert( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_AUTO_INDEX)==0 );
   for(i=pWC->nTerm, pTerm=pWC->a; i>0; i--, pTerm++){
+    assert( pTerm!=0 );
     if( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL)!=0 ) break;
     if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLoop->maskSelf)==0 ) continue;
     if( (pTerm->prereqAll & notAllowed)!=0 ) continue;
@@ -140613,15 +148499,21 @@ static void whereLoopOutputAdjust(
         /* In the absence of explicit truth probabilities, use heuristics to
         ** guess a reasonable truth probability. */
         pLoop->nOut--;
-        if( pTerm->eOperator&(WO_EQ|WO_IS) ){
+        if( (pTerm->eOperator&(WO_EQ|WO_IS))!=0
+         && (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_HIGHTRUTH)==0  /* tag-20200224-1 */
+        ){
           Expr *pRight = pTerm->pExpr->pRight;
+          int k = 0;
           testcase( pTerm->pExpr->op==TK_IS );
           if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pRight, &k) && k>=(-1) && k<=1 ){
             k = 10;
           }else{
             k = 20;
           }
-          if( iReduce<k ) iReduce = k;
+          if( iReduce<k ){
+            pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_HEURTRUTH;
+            iReduce = k;
+          }
         }
       }
     }
@@ -140629,7 +148521,7 @@ static void whereLoopOutputAdjust(
   if( pLoop->nOut > nRow-iReduce )  pLoop->nOut = nRow - iReduce;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Term pTerm is a vector range comparison operation. The first comparison
 ** in the vector can be optimized using column nEq of the index. This
 ** function returns the total number of vector elements that can be used
@@ -140658,7 +148550,7 @@ static int whereRangeVectorLen(
 
   nCmp = MIN(nCmp, (pIdx->nColumn - nEq));
   for(i=1; i<nCmp; i++){
-    /* Test if comparison i of pTerm is compatible with column (i+nEq) 
+    /* Test if comparison i of pTerm is compatible with column (i+nEq)
     ** of the index. If not, exit the loop.  */
     char aff;                     /* Comparison affinity */
     char idxaff = 0;              /* Indexed columns affinity */
@@ -140675,9 +148567,9 @@ static int whereRangeVectorLen(
     ** the right column of the right source table. And that the sort
     ** order of the index column is the same as the sort order of the
     ** leftmost index column.  */
-    if( pLhs->op!=TK_COLUMN 
-     || pLhs->iTable!=iCur 
-     || pLhs->iColumn!=pIdx->aiColumn[i+nEq] 
+    if( pLhs->op!=TK_COLUMN
+     || pLhs->iTable!=iCur
+     || pLhs->iColumn!=pIdx->aiColumn[i+nEq]
      || pIdx->aSortOrder[i+nEq]!=pIdx->aSortOrder[nEq]
     ){
       break;
@@ -140706,16 +148598,16 @@ static int whereRangeVectorLen(
 #endif
 
 /*
-** We have so far matched pBuilder->pNew->u.btree.nEq terms of the 
+** We have so far matched pBuilder->pNew->u.btree.nEq terms of the
 ** index pIndex. Try to match one more.
 **
-** When this function is called, pBuilder->pNew->nOut contains the 
-** number of rows expected to be visited by filtering using the nEq 
-** terms only. If it is modified, this value is restored before this 
+** When this function is called, pBuilder->pNew->nOut contains the
+** number of rows expected to be visited by filtering using the nEq
+** terms only. If it is modified, this value is restored before this
 ** function returns.
 **
-** If pProbe->tnum==0, that means pIndex is a fake index used for the
-** INTEGER PRIMARY KEY.
+** If pProbe->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK, that means pIndex is
+** a fake index used for the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY.
 */
 static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
   WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder,     /* The WhereLoop factory */
@@ -140745,8 +148637,9 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
 
   pNew = pBuilder->pNew;
   if( db->mallocFailed ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-  WHERETRACE(0x800, ("BEGIN %s.addBtreeIdx(%s), nEq=%d\n",
-                     pProbe->pTable->zName,pProbe->zName, pNew->u.btree.nEq));
+  WHERETRACE(0x800, ("BEGIN %s.addBtreeIdx(%s), nEq=%d, nSkip=%d, rRun=%d\n",
+                     pProbe->pTable->zName,pProbe->zName,
+                     pNew->u.btree.nEq, pNew->nSkip, pNew->rRun));
 
   assert( (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0 );
   assert( (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT)==0 );
@@ -140778,7 +148671,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
     LogEst rCostIdx;
     LogEst nOutUnadjusted;        /* nOut before IN() and WHERE adjustments */
     int nIn = 0;
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
     int nRecValid = pBuilder->nRecValid;
 #endif
     if( (eOp==WO_ISNULL || (pTerm->wtFlags&TERM_VNULL)!=0)
@@ -140792,9 +148685,9 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
     ** to mix with a lower range bound from some other source */
     if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT && pTerm->eOperator==WO_LT ) continue;
 
-    /* Do not allow constraints from the WHERE clause to be used by the
-    ** right table of a LEFT JOIN.  Only constraints in the ON clause are
-    ** allowed */
+    /* tag-20191211-001:  Do not allow constraints from the WHERE clause to
+    ** be used by the right table of a LEFT JOIN.  Only constraints in the
+    ** ON clause are allowed.  See tag-20191211-002 for the vtab equivalent. */
     if( (pSrc->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0
      && !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
     ){
@@ -140802,9 +148695,9 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
     }
 
     if( IsUniqueIndex(pProbe) && saved_nEq==pProbe->nKeyCol-1 ){
-      pBuilder->bldFlags |= SQLITE_BLDF_UNIQUE;
+      pBuilder->bldFlags1 |= SQLITE_BLDF1_UNIQUE;
     }else{
-      pBuilder->bldFlags |= SQLITE_BLDF_INDEXED;
+      pBuilder->bldFlags1 |= SQLITE_BLDF1_INDEXED;
     }
     pNew->wsFlags = saved_wsFlags;
     pNew->u.btree.nEq = saved_nEq;
@@ -140816,9 +148709,9 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
     pNew->prereq = (saved_prereq | pTerm->prereqRight) & ~pNew->maskSelf;
 
     assert( nInMul==0
-        || (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_NULL)!=0 
-        || (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_IN)!=0 
-        || (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_SKIPSCAN)!=0 
+        || (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_NULL)!=0
+        || (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_IN)!=0
+        || (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_SKIPSCAN)!=0
     );
 
     if( eOp & WO_IN ){
@@ -140839,15 +148732,13 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
       }else if( ALWAYS(pExpr->x.pList && pExpr->x.pList->nExpr) ){
         /* "x IN (value, value, ...)" */
         nIn = sqlite3LogEst(pExpr->x.pList->nExpr);
-        assert( nIn>0 );  /* RHS always has 2 or more terms...  The parser
-                          ** changes "x IN (?)" into "x=?". */
       }
-      if( pProbe->hasStat1 ){
+      if( pProbe->hasStat1 && rLogSize>=10 ){
         LogEst M, logK, safetyMargin;
         /* Let:
         **   N = the total number of rows in the table
         **   K = the number of entries on the RHS of the IN operator
-        **   M = the number of rows in the table that match terms to the 
+        **   M = the number of rows in the table that match terms to the
         **       to the left in the same index.  If the IN operator is on
         **       the left-most index column, M==N.
         **
@@ -140861,7 +148752,8 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
         ** a safety margin of 2 (LogEst: 10) that favors using the IN operator
         ** with the index, as using an index has better worst-case behavior.
         ** If we do not have real sqlite_stat1 data, always prefer to use
-        ** the index.
+        ** the index.  Do not bother with this optimization on very small
+        ** tables (less than 2 rows) as it is pointless in that case.
         */
         M = pProbe->aiRowLogEst[saved_nEq];
         logK = estLog(nIn);
@@ -140870,7 +148762,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
           WHERETRACE(0x40,
             ("Scan preferred over IN operator on column %d of \"%s\" (%d<%d)\n",
              saved_nEq, pProbe->zName, M+logK+10, nIn+rLogSize));
-          continue;
+          pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_IN_SEEKSCAN;
         }else{
           WHERETRACE(0x40,
             ("IN operator preferred on column %d of \"%s\" (%d>=%d)\n",
@@ -140882,11 +148774,11 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
       int iCol = pProbe->aiColumn[saved_nEq];
       pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_COLUMN_EQ;
       assert( saved_nEq==pNew->u.btree.nEq );
-      if( iCol==XN_ROWID 
+      if( iCol==XN_ROWID
        || (iCol>=0 && nInMul==0 && saved_nEq==pProbe->nKeyCol-1)
       ){
-        if( iCol==XN_ROWID || pProbe->uniqNotNull 
-         || (pProbe->nKeyCol==1 && pProbe->onError && eOp==WO_EQ) 
+        if( iCol==XN_ROWID || pProbe->uniqNotNull
+         || (pProbe->nKeyCol==1 && pProbe->onError && eOp==WO_EQ)
         ){
           pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_ONEROW;
         }else{
@@ -140931,12 +148823,12 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
 
     /* At this point pNew->nOut is set to the number of rows expected to
     ** be visited by the index scan before considering term pTerm, or the
-    ** values of nIn and nInMul. In other words, assuming that all 
+    ** values of nIn and nInMul. In other words, assuming that all
     ** "x IN(...)" terms are replaced with "x = ?". This block updates
     ** the value of pNew->nOut to account for pTerm (but not nIn/nInMul).  */
     assert( pNew->nOut==saved_nOut );
     if( pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE ){
-      /* Adjust nOut using stat3/stat4 data. Or, if there is no stat3/stat4
+      /* Adjust nOut using stat4 data. Or, if there is no stat4
       ** data, using some other estimate.  */
       whereRangeScanEst(pParse, pBuilder, pBtm, pTop, pNew);
     }else{
@@ -140950,13 +148842,13 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
         pNew->nOut += pTerm->truthProb;
         pNew->nOut -= nIn;
       }else{
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
         tRowcnt nOut = 0;
-        if( nInMul==0 
-         && pProbe->nSample 
+        if( nInMul==0
+         && pProbe->nSample
          && pNew->u.btree.nEq<=pProbe->nSampleCol
          && ((eOp & WO_IN)==0 || !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_xIsSelect))
-         && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_Stat34)
+         && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_Stat4)
         ){
           Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
           if( (eOp & (WO_EQ|WO_ISNULL|WO_IS))!=0 ){
@@ -140971,6 +148863,27 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
           if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;          /* Jump out of the pTerm loop */
           if( nOut ){
             pNew->nOut = sqlite3LogEst(nOut);
+            if( nEq==1
+             /* TUNING: Mark terms as "low selectivity" if they seem likely
+             ** to be true for half or more of the rows in the table.
+             ** See tag-202002240-1 */
+             && pNew->nOut+10 > pProbe->aiRowLogEst[0]
+            ){
+#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x01 */
+              if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x01 ){
+                sqlite3DebugPrintf(
+                   "STAT4 determines term has low selectivity:\n");
+                sqlite3WhereTermPrint(pTerm, 999);
+              }
+#endif
+              pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_HIGHTRUTH;
+              if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_HEURTRUTH ){
+                /* If the term has previously been used with an assumption of
+                ** higher selectivity, then set the flag to rerun the
+                ** loop computations. */
+                pBuilder->bldFlags2 |= SQLITE_BLDF2_2NDPASS;
+              }
+            }
             if( pNew->nOut>saved_nOut ) pNew->nOut = saved_nOut;
             pNew->nOut -= nIn;
           }
@@ -140980,8 +148893,8 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
         {
           pNew->nOut += (pProbe->aiRowLogEst[nEq] - pProbe->aiRowLogEst[nEq-1]);
           if( eOp & WO_ISNULL ){
-            /* TUNING: If there is no likelihood() value, assume that a 
-            ** "col IS NULL" expression matches twice as many rows 
+            /* TUNING: If there is no likelihood() value, assume that a
+            ** "col IS NULL" expression matches twice as many rows
             ** as (col=?). */
             pNew->nOut += 10;
           }
@@ -140993,6 +148906,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
     ** it to pNew->rRun, which is currently set to the cost of the index
     ** seek only. Then, if this is a non-covering index, add the cost of
     ** visiting the rows in the main table.  */
+    assert( pSrc->pTab->szTabRow>0 );
     rCostIdx = pNew->nOut + 1 + (15*pProbe->szIdxRow)/pSrc->pTab->szTabRow;
     pNew->rRun = sqlite3LogEstAdd(rLogSize, rCostIdx);
     if( (pNew->wsFlags & (WHERE_IDX_ONLY|WHERE_IPK))==0 ){
@@ -141018,7 +148932,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
       whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(pBuilder, pSrc, pProbe, nInMul+nIn);
     }
     pNew->nOut = saved_nOut;
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
     pBuilder->nRecValid = nRecValid;
 #endif
   }
@@ -141033,18 +148947,20 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
 
   /* Consider using a skip-scan if there are no WHERE clause constraints
   ** available for the left-most terms of the index, and if the average
-  ** number of repeats in the left-most terms is at least 18. 
+  ** number of repeats in the left-most terms is at least 18.
   **
   ** The magic number 18 is selected on the basis that scanning 17 rows
   ** is almost always quicker than an index seek (even though if the index
   ** contains fewer than 2^17 rows we assume otherwise in other parts of
-  ** the code). And, even if it is not, it should not be too much slower. 
+  ** the code). And, even if it is not, it should not be too much slower.
   ** On the other hand, the extra seeks could end up being significantly
   ** more expensive.  */
   assert( 42==sqlite3LogEst(18) );
   if( saved_nEq==saved_nSkip
    && saved_nEq+1<pProbe->nKeyCol
+   && saved_nEq==pNew->nLTerm
    && pProbe->noSkipScan==0
+   && pProbe->hasStat1!=0
    && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_SkipScan)
    && pProbe->aiRowLogEst[saved_nEq+1]>=42  /* TUNING: Minimum for skip-scan */
    && (rc = whereLoopResize(db, pNew, pNew->nLTerm+1))==SQLITE_OK
@@ -141091,7 +149007,8 @@ static int indexMightHelpWithOrderBy(
   if( pIndex->bUnordered ) return 0;
   if( (pOB = pBuilder->pWInfo->pOrderBy)==0 ) return 0;
   for(ii=0; ii<pOB->nExpr; ii++){
-    Expr *pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pOB->a[ii].pExpr);
+    Expr *pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pOB->a[ii].pExpr);
+    if( NEVER(pExpr==0) ) continue;
     if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && pExpr->iTable==iCursor ){
       if( pExpr->iColumn<0 ) return 1;
       for(jj=0; jj<pIndex->nKeyCol; jj++){
@@ -141112,19 +149029,26 @@ static int indexMightHelpWithOrderBy(
 /* Check to see if a partial index with pPartIndexWhere can be used
 ** in the current query.  Return true if it can be and false if not.
 */
-static int whereUsablePartialIndex(int iTab, WhereClause *pWC, Expr *pWhere){
+static int whereUsablePartialIndex(
+  int iTab,             /* The table for which we want an index */
+  int isLeft,           /* True if iTab is the right table of a LEFT JOIN */
+  WhereClause *pWC,     /* The WHERE clause of the query */
+  Expr *pWhere          /* The WHERE clause from the partial index */
+){
   int i;
   WhereTerm *pTerm;
   Parse *pParse = pWC->pWInfo->pParse;
   while( pWhere->op==TK_AND ){
-    if( !whereUsablePartialIndex(iTab,pWC,pWhere->pLeft) ) return 0;
+    if( !whereUsablePartialIndex(iTab,isLeft,pWC,pWhere->pLeft) ) return 0;
     pWhere = pWhere->pRight;
   }
   if( pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_EnableQPSG ) pParse = 0;
   for(i=0, pTerm=pWC->a; i<pWC->nTerm; i++, pTerm++){
-    Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
+    Expr *pExpr;
+    pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
     if( (!ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) || pExpr->iRightJoinTable==iTab)
-     && sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pParse, pExpr, pWhere, iTab) 
+     && (isLeft==0 || ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin))
+     && sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pParse, pExpr, pWhere, iTab)
     ){
       return 1;
     }
@@ -141146,18 +149070,18 @@ static int whereUsablePartialIndex(int iTab, WhereClause *pWC, Expr *pWhere){
 **     cost = nRow * K                      // scan of covering index
 **     cost = nRow * (K+3.0)                // scan of non-covering index
 **
-** where K is a value between 1.1 and 3.0 set based on the relative 
+** where K is a value between 1.1 and 3.0 set based on the relative
 ** estimated average size of the index and table records.
 **
 ** For an index scan, where nVisit is the number of index rows visited
-** by the scan, and nSeek is the number of seek operations required on 
+** by the scan, and nSeek is the number of seek operations required on
 ** the index b-tree:
 **
 **     cost = nSeek * (log(nRow) + K * nVisit)          // covering index
 **     cost = nSeek * (log(nRow) + (K+3.0) * nVisit)    // non-covering index
 **
-** Normally, nSeek is 1. nSeek values greater than 1 come about if the 
-** WHERE clause includes "x IN (....)" terms used in place of "x=?". Or when 
+** Normally, nSeek is 1. nSeek values greater than 1 come about if the
+** WHERE clause includes "x IN (....)" terms used in place of "x=?". Or when
 ** implicit "x IN (SELECT x FROM tbl)" terms are added for skip-scans.
 **
 ** The estimated values (nRow, nVisit, nSeek) often contain a large amount
@@ -141187,7 +149111,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(
   LogEst rLogSize;            /* Logarithm of the number of rows in the table */
   WhereClause *pWC;           /* The parsed WHERE clause */
   Table *pTab;                /* Table being queried */
-  
+
   pNew = pBuilder->pNew;
   pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
   pTabList = pWInfo->pTabList;
@@ -141215,6 +149139,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(
     sPk.onError = OE_Replace;
     sPk.pTable = pTab;
     sPk.szIdxRow = pTab->szTabRow;
+    sPk.idxType = SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK;
     aiRowEstPk[0] = pTab->nRowLogEst;
     aiRowEstPk[1] = 0;
     pFirst = pSrc->pTab->pIndex;
@@ -141280,13 +149205,16 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(
   }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX */
 
-  /* Loop over all indices. If there was an INDEXED BY clause, then only 
+  /* Loop over all indices. If there was an INDEXED BY clause, then only
   ** consider index pProbe.  */
-  for(; rc==SQLITE_OK && pProbe; 
+  for(; rc==SQLITE_OK && pProbe;
       pProbe=(pSrc->pIBIndex ? 0 : pProbe->pNext), iSortIdx++
   ){
+    int isLeft = (pSrc->fg.jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0;
     if( pProbe->pPartIdxWhere!=0
-     && !whereUsablePartialIndex(pSrc->iCursor, pWC, pProbe->pPartIdxWhere) ){
+     && !whereUsablePartialIndex(pSrc->iCursor, isLeft, pWC,
+                                 pProbe->pPartIdxWhere)
+    ){
       testcase( pNew->iTab!=pSrc->iCursor );  /* See ticket [98d973b8f5] */
       continue;  /* Partial index inappropriate for this query */
     }
@@ -141303,16 +149231,32 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(
     pNew->nOut = rSize;
     pNew->u.btree.pIndex = pProbe;
     b = indexMightHelpWithOrderBy(pBuilder, pProbe, pSrc->iCursor);
+
     /* The ONEPASS_DESIRED flags never occurs together with ORDER BY */
     assert( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)==0 || b==0 );
-    if( pProbe->tnum<=0 ){
+    if( pProbe->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK ){
       /* Integer primary key index */
       pNew->wsFlags = WHERE_IPK;
 
       /* Full table scan */
       pNew->iSortIdx = b ? iSortIdx : 0;
-      /* TUNING: Cost of full table scan is (N*3.0). */
+      /* TUNING: Cost of full table scan is 3.0*N.  The 3.0 factor is an
+      ** extra cost designed to discourage the use of full table scans,
+      ** since index lookups have better worst-case performance if our
+      ** stat guesses are wrong.  Reduce the 3.0 penalty slightly
+      ** (to 2.75) if we have valid STAT4 information for the table.
+      ** At 2.75, a full table scan is preferred over using an index on
+      ** a column with just two distinct values where each value has about
+      ** an equal number of appearances.  Without STAT4 data, we still want
+      ** to use an index in that case, since the constraint might be for
+      ** the scarcer of the two values, and in that case an index lookup is
+      ** better.
+      */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+      pNew->rRun = rSize + 16 - 2*((pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasStat4)!=0);
+#else
       pNew->rRun = rSize + 16;
+#endif
       ApplyCostMultiplier(pNew->rRun, pTab->costMult);
       whereLoopOutputAdjust(pWC, pNew, rSize);
       rc = whereLoopInsert(pBuilder, pNew);
@@ -141332,6 +149276,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(
       if( b
        || !HasRowid(pTab)
        || pProbe->pPartIdxWhere!=0
+       || pSrc->fg.isIndexedBy
        || ( m==0
          && pProbe->bUnordered==0
          && (pProbe->szIdxRow<pTab->szTabRow)
@@ -141370,7 +149315,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(
               if( pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_IS) ) nLookup -= 19;
             }
           }
-          
+
           pNew->rRun = sqlite3LogEstAdd(pNew->rRun, nLookup);
         }
         ApplyCostMultiplier(pNew->rRun, pTab->costMult);
@@ -141381,16 +149326,16 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(
       }
     }
 
-    pBuilder->bldFlags = 0;
+    pBuilder->bldFlags1 = 0;
     rc = whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(pBuilder, pSrc, pProbe, 0);
-    if( pBuilder->bldFlags==SQLITE_BLDF_INDEXED ){
+    if( pBuilder->bldFlags1==SQLITE_BLDF1_INDEXED ){
       /* If a non-unique index is used, or if a prefix of the key for
       ** unique index is used (making the index functionally non-unique)
       ** then the sqlite_stat1 data becomes important for scoring the
       ** plan */
       pTab->tabFlags |= TF_StatsUsed;
     }
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
     sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(pBuilder->pRec);
     pBuilder->nRecValid = 0;
     pBuilder->pRec = 0;
@@ -141445,13 +149390,13 @@ static int whereLoopAddVirtualOne(
   *pbIn = 0;
   pNew->prereq = mPrereq;
 
-  /* Set the usable flag on the subset of constraints identified by 
+  /* Set the usable flag on the subset of constraints identified by
   ** arguments mUsable and mExclude. */
   pIdxCons = *(struct sqlite3_index_constraint**)&pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
   for(i=0; i<nConstraint; i++, pIdxCons++){
     WhereTerm *pTerm = &pWC->a[pIdxCons->iTermOffset];
     pIdxCons->usable = 0;
-    if( (pTerm->prereqRight & mUsable)==pTerm->prereqRight 
+    if( (pTerm->prereqRight & mUsable)==pTerm->prereqRight
      && (pTerm->eOperator & mExclude)==0
     ){
       pIdxCons->usable = 1;
@@ -141471,7 +149416,17 @@ static int whereLoopAddVirtualOne(
 
   /* Invoke the virtual table xBestIndex() method */
   rc = vtabBestIndex(pParse, pSrc->pTab, pIdxInfo);
-  if( rc ) return rc;
+  if( rc ){
+    if( rc==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT ){
+      /* If the xBestIndex method returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, that means
+      ** that the particular combination of parameters provided is unusable.
+      ** Make no entries in the loop table.
+      */
+      WHERETRACE(0xffff, ("  ^^^^--- non-viable plan rejected!\n"));
+      return SQLITE_OK;
+    }
+    return rc;
+  }
 
   mxTerm = -1;
   assert( pNew->nLSlot>=nConstraint );
@@ -141503,7 +149458,14 @@ static int whereLoopAddVirtualOne(
       if( iTerm>mxTerm ) mxTerm = iTerm;
       testcase( iTerm==15 );
       testcase( iTerm==16 );
-      if( iTerm<16 && pUsage[i].omit ) pNew->u.vtab.omitMask |= 1<<iTerm;
+      if( pUsage[i].omit ){
+        if( i<16 && ((1<<i)&mNoOmit)==0 ){
+          testcase( i!=iTerm );
+          pNew->u.vtab.omitMask |= 1<<iTerm;
+        }else{
+          testcase( i!=iTerm );
+        }
+      }
       if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN)!=0 ){
         /* A virtual table that is constrained by an IN clause may not
         ** consume the ORDER BY clause because (1) the order of IN terms
@@ -141516,7 +149478,6 @@ static int whereLoopAddVirtualOne(
       }
     }
   }
-  pNew->u.vtab.omitMask &= ~mNoOmit;
 
   pNew->nLTerm = mxTerm+1;
   for(i=0; i<=mxTerm; i++){
@@ -141573,7 +149534,7 @@ SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo, int
     int iTerm = pIdxInfo->aConstraint[iCons].iTermOffset;
     Expr *pX = pHidden->pWC->a[iTerm].pExpr;
     if( pX->pLeft ){
-      pC = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pHidden->pParse, pX->pLeft, pX->pRight);
+      pC = sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(pHidden->pParse, pX);
     }
     zRet = (pC ? pC->zName : sqlite3StrBINARY);
   }
@@ -141589,8 +149550,8 @@ SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo, int
 ** entries that occur before the virtual table in the FROM clause and are
 ** separated from it by at least one LEFT or CROSS JOIN. Similarly, the
 ** mUnusable mask contains all FROM clause entries that occur after the
-** virtual table and are separated from it by at least one LEFT or 
-** CROSS JOIN. 
+** virtual table and are separated from it by at least one LEFT or
+** CROSS JOIN.
 **
 ** For example, if the query were:
 **
@@ -141598,9 +149559,9 @@ SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo, int
 **
 ** then mPrereq corresponds to (t1, t2) and mUnusable to (t5, t6).
 **
-** All the tables in mPrereq must be scanned before the current virtual 
-** table. So any terms for which all prerequisites are satisfied by 
-** mPrereq may be specified as "usable" in all calls to xBestIndex. 
+** All the tables in mPrereq must be scanned before the current virtual
+** table. So any terms for which all prerequisites are satisfied by
+** mPrereq may be specified as "usable" in all calls to xBestIndex.
 ** Conversely, all tables in mUnusable must be scanned after the current
 ** virtual table, so any terms for which the prerequisites overlap with
 ** mUnusable should always be configured as "not-usable" for xBestIndex.
@@ -141629,7 +149590,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddVirtual(
   pNew = pBuilder->pNew;
   pSrc = &pWInfo->pTabList->a[pNew->iTab];
   assert( IsVirtual(pSrc->pTab) );
-  p = allocateIndexInfo(pParse, pWC, mUnusable, pSrc, pBuilder->pOrderBy, 
+  p = allocateIndexInfo(pParse, pWC, mUnusable, pSrc, pBuilder->pOrderBy,
       &mNoOmit);
   if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   pNew->rSetup = 0;
@@ -141648,11 +149609,11 @@ static int whereLoopAddVirtual(
   rc = whereLoopAddVirtualOne(pBuilder, mPrereq, ALLBITS, 0, p, mNoOmit, &bIn);
 
   /* If the call to xBestIndex() with all terms enabled produced a plan
-  ** that does not require any source tables (IOW: a plan with mBest==0),
-  ** then there is no point in making any further calls to xBestIndex() 
-  ** since they will all return the same result (if the xBestIndex()
-  ** implementation is sane). */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && (mBest = (pNew->prereq & ~mPrereq))!=0 ){
+  ** that does not require any source tables (IOW: a plan with mBest==0)
+  ** and does not use an IN(...) operator, then there is no point in making
+  ** any further calls to xBestIndex() since they will all return the same
+  ** result (if the xBestIndex() implementation is sane). */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && ((mBest = (pNew->prereq & ~mPrereq))!=0 || bIn) ){
     int seenZero = 0;             /* True if a plan with no prereqs seen */
     int seenZeroNoIN = 0;         /* Plan with no prereqs and no IN(...) seen */
     Bitmask mPrev = 0;
@@ -141672,7 +149633,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddVirtual(
       }
     }
 
-    /* Call xBestIndex once for each distinct value of (prereqRight & ~mPrereq) 
+    /* Call xBestIndex once for each distinct value of (prereqRight & ~mPrereq)
     ** in the set of terms that apply to the current virtual table.  */
     while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       int i;
@@ -141729,8 +149690,8 @@ static int whereLoopAddVirtual(
 ** btrees or virtual tables.
 */
 static int whereLoopAddOr(
-  WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, 
-  Bitmask mPrereq, 
+  WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder,
+  Bitmask mPrereq,
   Bitmask mUnusable
 ){
   WhereInfo *pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
@@ -141743,7 +149704,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddOr(
   WhereLoopBuilder sSubBuild;
   WhereOrSet sSum, sCur;
   struct SrcList_item *pItem;
-  
+
   pWC = pBuilder->pWC;
   pWCEnd = pWC->a + pWC->nTerm;
   pNew = pBuilder->pNew;
@@ -141753,14 +149714,14 @@ static int whereLoopAddOr(
 
   for(pTerm=pWC->a; pTerm<pWCEnd && rc==SQLITE_OK; pTerm++){
     if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_OR)!=0
-     && (pTerm->u.pOrInfo->indexable & pNew->maskSelf)!=0 
+     && (pTerm->u.pOrInfo->indexable & pNew->maskSelf)!=0
     ){
       WhereClause * const pOrWC = &pTerm->u.pOrInfo->wc;
       WhereTerm * const pOrWCEnd = &pOrWC->a[pOrWC->nTerm];
       WhereTerm *pOrTerm;
       int once = 1;
       int i, j;
-    
+
       sSubBuild = *pBuilder;
       sSubBuild.pOrderBy = 0;
       sSubBuild.pOrSet = &sCur;
@@ -141781,7 +149742,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddOr(
         }
         sCur.n = 0;
 #ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
-        WHERETRACE(0x200, ("OR-term %d of %p has %d subterms:\n", 
+        WHERETRACE(0x200, ("OR-term %d of %p has %d subterms:\n",
                    (int)(pOrTerm-pOrWC->a), pTerm, sSubBuild.pWC->nTerm));
         if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x400 ){
           sqlite3WhereClausePrint(sSubBuild.pWC);
@@ -141798,7 +149759,8 @@ static int whereLoopAddOr(
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           rc = whereLoopAddOr(&sSubBuild, mPrereq, mUnusable);
         }
-        assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || sCur.n==0 );
+        assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_DONE || sCur.n==0 );
+        testcase( rc==SQLITE_DONE );
         if( sCur.n==0 ){
           sSum.n = 0;
           break;
@@ -141828,8 +149790,8 @@ static int whereLoopAddOr(
         /* TUNING: Currently sSum.a[i].rRun is set to the sum of the costs
         ** of all sub-scans required by the OR-scan. However, due to rounding
         ** errors, it may be that the cost of the OR-scan is equal to its
-        ** most expensive sub-scan. Add the smallest possible penalty 
-        ** (equivalent to multiplying the cost by 1.07) to ensure that 
+        ** most expensive sub-scan. Add the smallest possible penalty
+        ** (equivalent to multiplying the cost by 1.07) to ensure that
         ** this does not happen. Otherwise, for WHERE clauses such as the
         ** following where there is an index on "y":
         **
@@ -141849,7 +149811,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddOr(
 }
 
 /*
-** Add all WhereLoop objects for all tables 
+** Add all WhereLoop objects for all tables
 */
 static int whereLoopAddAll(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder){
   WhereInfo *pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
@@ -141862,21 +149824,23 @@ static int whereLoopAddAll(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder){
   sqlite3 *db = pWInfo->pParse->db;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   WhereLoop *pNew;
-  u8 priorJointype = 0;
 
   /* Loop over the tables in the join, from left to right */
   pNew = pBuilder->pNew;
   whereLoopInit(pNew);
+  pBuilder->iPlanLimit = SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT;
   for(iTab=0, pItem=pTabList->a; pItem<pEnd; iTab++, pItem++){
     Bitmask mUnusable = 0;
     pNew->iTab = iTab;
+    pBuilder->iPlanLimit += SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT_INCR;
     pNew->maskSelf = sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pItem->iCursor);
-    if( ((pItem->fg.jointype|priorJointype) & (JT_LEFT|JT_CROSS))!=0 ){
+    if( (pItem->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_CROSS))!=0 ){
       /* This condition is true when pItem is the FROM clause term on the
       ** right-hand-side of a LEFT or CROSS JOIN.  */
       mPrereq = mPrior;
+    }else{
+      mPrereq = 0;
     }
-    priorJointype = pItem->fg.jointype;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
     if( IsVirtual(pItem->pTab) ){
       struct SrcList_item *p;
@@ -141895,7 +149859,15 @@ static int whereLoopAddAll(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder){
       rc = whereLoopAddOr(pBuilder, mPrereq, mUnusable);
     }
     mPrior |= pNew->maskSelf;
-    if( rc || db->mallocFailed ) break;
+    if( rc || db->mallocFailed ){
+      if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+        /* We hit the query planner search limit set by iPlanLimit */
+        sqlite3_log(SQLITE_WARNING, "abbreviated query algorithm search");
+        rc = SQLITE_OK;
+      }else{
+        break;
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   whereLoopClear(db, pNew);
@@ -141906,17 +149878,17 @@ static int whereLoopAddAll(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder){
 ** Examine a WherePath (with the addition of the extra WhereLoop of the 6th
 ** parameters) to see if it outputs rows in the requested ORDER BY
 ** (or GROUP BY) without requiring a separate sort operation.  Return N:
-** 
+**
 **   N>0:   N terms of the ORDER BY clause are satisfied
 **   N==0:  No terms of the ORDER BY clause are satisfied
-**   N<0:   Unknown yet how many terms of ORDER BY might be satisfied.   
+**   N<0:   Unknown yet how many terms of ORDER BY might be satisfied.
 **
 ** Note that processing for WHERE_GROUPBY and WHERE_DISTINCTBY is not as
 ** strict.  With GROUP BY and DISTINCT the only requirement is that
 ** equivalent rows appear immediately adjacent to one another.  GROUP BY
 ** and DISTINCT do not require rows to appear in any particular order as long
 ** as equivalent rows are grouped together.  Thus for GROUP BY and DISTINCT
-** the pOrderBy terms can be matched in any order.  With ORDER BY, the 
+** the pOrderBy terms can be matched in any order.  With ORDER BY, the
 ** pOrderBy terms must be matched in strict left-to-right order.
 */
 static i8 wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(
@@ -141966,7 +149938,7 @@ static i8 wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(
   ** row of the WhereLoop.  Every one-row WhereLoop is automatically
   ** order-distinct.   A WhereLoop that has no columns in the ORDER BY clause
   ** is not order-distinct. To be order-distinct is not quite the same as being
-  ** UNIQUE since a UNIQUE column or index can have multiple rows that 
+  ** UNIQUE since a UNIQUE column or index can have multiple rows that
   ** are NULL and NULL values are equivalent for the purpose of order-distinct.
   ** To be order-distinct, the columns must be UNIQUE and NOT NULL.
   **
@@ -141986,7 +149958,9 @@ static i8 wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(
   orderDistinctMask = 0;
   ready = 0;
   eqOpMask = WO_EQ | WO_IS | WO_ISNULL;
-  if( wctrlFlags & WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT ) eqOpMask |= WO_IN;
+  if( wctrlFlags & (WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT|WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX|WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN) ){
+    eqOpMask |= WO_IN;
+  }
   for(iLoop=0; isOrderDistinct && obSat<obDone && iLoop<=nLoop; iLoop++){
     if( iLoop>0 ) ready |= pLoop->maskSelf;
     if( iLoop<nLoop ){
@@ -141996,10 +149970,12 @@ static i8 wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(
       pLoop = pLast;
     }
     if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE ){
-      if( pLoop->u.vtab.isOrdered ) obSat = obDone;
+      if( pLoop->u.vtab.isOrdered && (wctrlFlags & WHERE_DISTINCTBY)==0 ){
+        obSat = obDone;
+      }
       break;
-    }else{
-      pLoop->u.btree.nIdxCol = 0;
+    }else if( wctrlFlags & WHERE_DISTINCTBY ){
+      pLoop->u.btree.nDistinctCol = 0;
     }
     iCur = pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLoop->iTab].iCursor;
 
@@ -142010,23 +149986,28 @@ static i8 wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(
     */
     for(i=0; i<nOrderBy; i++){
       if( MASKBIT(i) & obSat ) continue;
-      pOBExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
+      pOBExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
+      if( NEVER(pOBExpr==0) ) continue;
       if( pOBExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) continue;
       if( pOBExpr->iTable!=iCur ) continue;
       pTerm = sqlite3WhereFindTerm(&pWInfo->sWC, iCur, pOBExpr->iColumn,
                        ~ready, eqOpMask, 0);
       if( pTerm==0 ) continue;
       if( pTerm->eOperator==WO_IN ){
-        /* IN terms are only valid for sorting in the ORDER BY LIMIT 
+        /* IN terms are only valid for sorting in the ORDER BY LIMIT
         ** optimization, and then only if they are actually used
         ** by the query plan */
-        assert( wctrlFlags & WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT );
+        assert( wctrlFlags &
+               (WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT|WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN|WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX) );
         for(j=0; j<pLoop->nLTerm && pTerm!=pLoop->aLTerm[j]; j++){}
         if( j>=pLoop->nLTerm ) continue;
       }
       if( (pTerm->eOperator&(WO_EQ|WO_IS))!=0 && pOBExpr->iColumn>=0 ){
-        if( sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(pWInfo->pParse, 
-                  pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr, pTerm->pExpr)==0 ){
+        Parse *pParse = pWInfo->pParse;
+        CollSeq *pColl1 = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
+        CollSeq *pColl2 = sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(pParse, pTerm->pExpr);
+        assert( pColl1 );
+        if( pColl2==0 || sqlite3StrICmp(pColl1->zName, pColl2->zName) ){
           continue;
         }
         testcase( pTerm->pExpr->op==TK_IS );
@@ -142047,7 +150028,8 @@ static i8 wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(
         assert( nColumn==nKeyCol+1 || !HasRowid(pIndex->pTable) );
         assert( pIndex->aiColumn[nColumn-1]==XN_ROWID
                           || !HasRowid(pIndex->pTable));
-        isOrderDistinct = IsUniqueIndex(pIndex);
+        isOrderDistinct = IsUniqueIndex(pIndex)
+                          && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_SKIPSCAN)==0;
       }
 
       /* Loop through all columns of the index and deal with the ones
@@ -142058,26 +150040,32 @@ static i8 wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(
       for(j=0; j<nColumn; j++){
         u8 bOnce = 1; /* True to run the ORDER BY search loop */
 
-        assert( j>=pLoop->u.btree.nEq 
+        assert( j>=pLoop->u.btree.nEq
             || (pLoop->aLTerm[j]==0)==(j<pLoop->nSkip)
         );
         if( j<pLoop->u.btree.nEq && j>=pLoop->nSkip ){
           u16 eOp = pLoop->aLTerm[j]->eOperator;
 
           /* Skip over == and IS and ISNULL terms.  (Also skip IN terms when
-          ** doing WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT processing). 
+          ** doing WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT processing).  Except, IS and ISNULL
+          ** terms imply that the index is not UNIQUE NOT NULL in which case
+          ** the loop need to be marked as not order-distinct because it can
+          ** have repeated NULL rows.
           **
-          ** If the current term is a column of an ((?,?) IN (SELECT...)) 
+          ** If the current term is a column of an ((?,?) IN (SELECT...))
           ** expression for which the SELECT returns more than one column,
           ** check that it is the only column used by this loop. Otherwise,
           ** if it is one of two or more, none of the columns can be
-          ** considered to match an ORDER BY term.  */
+          ** considered to match an ORDER BY term.
+          */
           if( (eOp & eqOpMask)!=0 ){
-            if( eOp & WO_ISNULL ){
+            if( eOp & (WO_ISNULL|WO_IS) ){
+              testcase( eOp & WO_ISNULL );
+              testcase( eOp & WO_IS );
               testcase( isOrderDistinct );
               isOrderDistinct = 0;
             }
-            continue;  
+            continue;
           }else if( ALWAYS(eOp & WO_IN) ){
             /* ALWAYS() justification: eOp is an equality operator due to the
             ** j<pLoop->u.btree.nEq constraint above.  Any equality other
@@ -142099,7 +150087,7 @@ static i8 wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(
         */
         if( pIndex ){
           iColumn = pIndex->aiColumn[j];
-          revIdx = pIndex->aSortOrder[j];
+          revIdx = pIndex->aSortOrder[j] & KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC;
           if( iColumn==pIndex->pTable->iPKey ) iColumn = XN_ROWID;
         }else{
           iColumn = XN_ROWID;
@@ -142118,14 +150106,15 @@ static i8 wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(
         }
 
         /* Find the ORDER BY term that corresponds to the j-th column
-        ** of the index and mark that ORDER BY term off 
+        ** of the index and mark that ORDER BY term off
         */
         isMatch = 0;
         for(i=0; bOnce && i<nOrderBy; i++){
           if( MASKBIT(i) & obSat ) continue;
-          pOBExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
+          pOBExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
           testcase( wctrlFlags & WHERE_GROUPBY );
           testcase( wctrlFlags & WHERE_DISTINCTBY );
+          if( NEVER(pOBExpr==0) ) continue;
           if( (wctrlFlags & (WHERE_GROUPBY|WHERE_DISTINCTBY))==0 ) bOnce = 0;
           if( iColumn>=XN_ROWID ){
             if( pOBExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) continue;
@@ -142141,7 +150130,9 @@ static i8 wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(
             pColl = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pWInfo->pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
             if( sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, pIndex->azColl[j])!=0 ) continue;
           }
-          pLoop->u.btree.nIdxCol = j+1;
+          if( wctrlFlags & WHERE_DISTINCTBY ){
+            pLoop->u.btree.nDistinctCol = j+1;
+          }
           isMatch = 1;
           break;
         }
@@ -142149,13 +150140,22 @@ static i8 wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(
           /* Make sure the sort order is compatible in an ORDER BY clause.
           ** Sort order is irrelevant for a GROUP BY clause. */
           if( revSet ){
-            if( (rev ^ revIdx)!=pOrderBy->a[i].sortOrder ) isMatch = 0;
+            if( (rev ^ revIdx)!=(pOrderBy->a[i].sortFlags&KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC) ){
+              isMatch = 0;
+            }
           }else{
-            rev = revIdx ^ pOrderBy->a[i].sortOrder;
+            rev = revIdx ^ (pOrderBy->a[i].sortFlags & KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC);
             if( rev ) *pRevMask |= MASKBIT(iLoop);
             revSet = 1;
           }
         }
+        if( isMatch && (pOrderBy->a[i].sortFlags & KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL) ){
+          if( j==pLoop->u.btree.nEq ){
+            pLoop->wsFlags |= WHERE_BIGNULL_SORT;
+          }else{
+            isMatch = 0;
+          }
+        }
         if( isMatch ){
           if( iColumn==XN_ROWID ){
             testcase( distinctColumns==0 );
@@ -142247,7 +150247,7 @@ static const char *wherePathName(WherePath *pPath, int nLoop, WhereLoop *pLast){
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Return the cost of sorting nRow rows, assuming that the keys have 
+** Return the cost of sorting nRow rows, assuming that the keys have
 ** nOrderby columns and that the first nSorted columns are already in
 ** order.
 */
@@ -142257,28 +150257,36 @@ static LogEst whereSortingCost(
   int nOrderBy,
   int nSorted
 ){
-  /* TUNING: Estimated cost of a full external sort, where N is 
+  /* TUNING: Estimated cost of a full external sort, where N is
   ** the number of rows to sort is:
   **
   **   cost = (3.0 * N * log(N)).
-  ** 
-  ** Or, if the order-by clause has X terms but only the last Y 
-  ** terms are out of order, then block-sorting will reduce the 
+  **
+  ** Or, if the order-by clause has X terms but only the last Y
+  ** terms are out of order, then block-sorting will reduce the
   ** sorting cost to:
   **
   **   cost = (3.0 * N * log(N)) * (Y/X)
   **
   ** The (Y/X) term is implemented using stack variable rScale
-  ** below.  */
+  ** below.
+  */
   LogEst rScale, rSortCost;
   assert( nOrderBy>0 && 66==sqlite3LogEst(100) );
   rScale = sqlite3LogEst((nOrderBy-nSorted)*100/nOrderBy) - 66;
   rSortCost = nRow + rScale + 16;
 
   /* Multiple by log(M) where M is the number of output rows.
-  ** Use the LIMIT for M if it is smaller */
+  ** Use the LIMIT for M if it is smaller.  Or if this sort is for
+  ** a DISTINCT operator, M will be the number of distinct output
+  ** rows, so fudge it downwards a bit.
+  */
   if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_USE_LIMIT)!=0 && pWInfo->iLimit<nRow ){
     nRow = pWInfo->iLimit;
+  }else if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT) ){
+    /* TUNING: In the sort for a DISTINCT operator, assume that the DISTINCT
+    ** reduces the number of output rows by a factor of 2 */
+    if( nRow>10 ) nRow -= 10;  assert( 10==sqlite3LogEst(2) );
   }
   rSortCost += estLog(nRow);
   return rSortCost;
@@ -142356,7 +150364,7 @@ static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, LogEst nRowEst){
     ** space for the aSortCost[] array. Each element of the aSortCost array
     ** is either zero - meaning it has not yet been initialized - or the
     ** cost of sorting nRowEst rows of data where the first X terms of
-    ** the ORDER BY clause are already in order, where X is the array 
+    ** the ORDER BY clause are already in order, where X is the array
     ** index.  */
     aSortCost = (LogEst*)pX;
     memset(aSortCost, 0, sizeof(LogEst) * nOrderBy);
@@ -142377,7 +150385,7 @@ static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, LogEst nRowEst){
     ** in this case the query may return a maximum of one row, the results
     ** are already in the requested order. Set isOrdered to nOrderBy to
     ** indicate this. Or, if nLoop is greater than zero, set isOrdered to
-    ** -1, indicating that the result set may or may not be ordered, 
+    ** -1, indicating that the result set may or may not be ordered,
     ** depending on the loops added to the current plan.  */
     aFrom[0].isOrdered = nLoop>0 ? -1 : nOrderBy;
   }
@@ -142407,7 +150415,7 @@ static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, LogEst nRowEst){
           continue;
         }
 
-        /* At this point, pWLoop is a candidate to be the next loop. 
+        /* At this point, pWLoop is a candidate to be the next loop.
         ** Compute its cost */
         rUnsorted = sqlite3LogEstAdd(pWLoop->rSetup,pWLoop->rRun + pFrom->nRow);
         rUnsorted = sqlite3LogEstAdd(rUnsorted, pFrom->rUnsorted);
@@ -142434,7 +150442,7 @@ static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, LogEst nRowEst){
 
           WHERETRACE(0x002,
               ("---- sort cost=%-3d (%d/%d) increases cost %3d to %-3d\n",
-               aSortCost[isOrdered], (nOrderBy-isOrdered), nOrderBy, 
+               aSortCost[isOrdered], (nOrderBy-isOrdered), nOrderBy,
                rUnsorted, rCost));
         }else{
           rCost = rUnsorted;
@@ -142499,11 +150507,11 @@ static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, LogEst nRowEst){
           ** same set of loops and has the same isOrdered setting as the
           ** candidate path.  Check to see if the candidate should replace
           ** pTo or if the candidate should be skipped.
-          ** 
+          **
           ** The conditional is an expanded vector comparison equivalent to:
           **   (pTo->rCost,pTo->nRow,pTo->rUnsorted) <= (rCost,nOut,rUnsorted)
           */
-          if( pTo->rCost<rCost 
+          if( pTo->rCost<rCost
            || (pTo->rCost==rCost
                && (pTo->nRow<nOut
                    || (pTo->nRow==nOut && pTo->rUnsorted<=rUnsorted)
@@ -142554,8 +150562,8 @@ static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, LogEst nRowEst){
           mxCost = aTo[0].rCost;
           mxUnsorted = aTo[0].nRow;
           for(jj=1, pTo=&aTo[1]; jj<mxChoice; jj++, pTo++){
-            if( pTo->rCost>mxCost 
-             || (pTo->rCost==mxCost && pTo->rUnsorted>mxUnsorted) 
+            if( pTo->rCost>mxCost
+             || (pTo->rCost==mxCost && pTo->rUnsorted>mxUnsorted)
             ){
               mxCost = pTo->rCost;
               mxUnsorted = pTo->rUnsorted;
@@ -142594,7 +150602,7 @@ static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, LogEst nRowEst){
     sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, pSpace);
     return SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
-  
+
   /* Find the lowest cost path.  pFrom will be left pointing to that path */
   pFrom = aFrom;
   for(ii=1; ii<nFrom; ii++){
@@ -142633,7 +150641,7 @@ static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, LogEst nRowEst){
         pWInfo->nOBSat = 0;
         if( nLoop>0 ){
           u32 wsFlags = pFrom->aLoop[nLoop-1]->wsFlags;
-          if( (wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW)==0 
+          if( (wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW)==0
            && (wsFlags&(WHERE_IPK|WHERE_COLUMN_IN))!=(WHERE_IPK|WHERE_COLUMN_IN)
           ){
             Bitmask m = 0;
@@ -142647,13 +150655,18 @@ static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, LogEst nRowEst){
             }
           }
         }
+      }else if( nLoop
+            && pWInfo->nOBSat==1
+            && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & (WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN|WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX))!=0
+            ){
+        pWInfo->bOrderedInnerLoop = 1;
       }
     }
     if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_SORTBYGROUP)
         && pWInfo->nOBSat==pWInfo->pOrderBy->nExpr && nLoop>0
     ){
       Bitmask revMask = 0;
-      int nOrder = wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(pWInfo, pWInfo->pOrderBy, 
+      int nOrder = wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(pWInfo, pWInfo->pOrderBy,
           pFrom, 0, nLoop-1, pFrom->aLoop[nLoop-1], &revMask
       );
       assert( pWInfo->sorted==0 );
@@ -142680,7 +150693,7 @@ static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, LogEst nRowEst){
 ** times for the common case.
 **
 ** Return non-zero on success, if this query can be handled by this
-** no-frills query planner.  Return zero if this query needs the 
+** no-frills query planner.  Return zero if this query needs the
 ** general-purpose query planner.
 */
 static int whereShortCut(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder){
@@ -142720,8 +150733,8 @@ static int whereShortCut(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder){
       int opMask;
       assert( pLoop->aLTermSpace==pLoop->aLTerm );
       if( !IsUniqueIndex(pIdx)
-       || pIdx->pPartIdxWhere!=0 
-       || pIdx->nKeyCol>ArraySize(pLoop->aLTermSpace) 
+       || pIdx->pPartIdxWhere!=0
+       || pIdx->nKeyCol>ArraySize(pLoop->aLTermSpace)
       ) continue;
       opMask = pIdx->uniqNotNull ? (WO_EQ|WO_IS) : WO_EQ;
       for(j=0; j<pIdx->nKeyCol; j++){
@@ -142774,8 +150787,8 @@ static int exprNodeIsDeterministic(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return true if the expression contains no non-deterministic SQL 
-** functions. Do not consider non-deterministic SQL functions that are 
+** Return true if the expression contains no non-deterministic SQL
+** functions. Do not consider non-deterministic SQL functions that are
 ** part of sub-select statements.
 */
 static int exprIsDeterministic(Expr *p){
@@ -142788,6 +150801,28 @@ static int exprIsDeterministic(Expr *p){
   return w.eCode;
 }
 
+
+#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
+/*
+** Display all WhereLoops in pWInfo
+*/
+static void showAllWhereLoops(WhereInfo *pWInfo, WhereClause *pWC){
+  if( sqlite3WhereTrace ){    /* Display all of the WhereLoop objects */
+    WhereLoop *p;
+    int i;
+    static const char zLabel[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxz"
+                                           "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWYXZ";
+    for(p=pWInfo->pLoops, i=0; p; p=p->pNextLoop, i++){
+      p->cId = zLabel[i%(sizeof(zLabel)-1)];
+      sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(p, pWC);
+    }
+  }
+}
+# define WHERETRACE_ALL_LOOPS(W,C) showAllWhereLoops(W,C)
+#else
+# define WHERETRACE_ALL_LOOPS(W,C)
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Generate the beginning of the loop used for WHERE clause processing.
 ** The return value is a pointer to an opaque structure that contains
@@ -142868,7 +150903,7 @@ static int exprIsDeterministic(Expr *p){
 ** if there is one.  If there is no ORDER BY clause or if this routine
 ** is called from an UPDATE or DELETE statement, then pOrderBy is NULL.
 **
-** The iIdxCur parameter is the cursor number of an index.  If 
+** The iIdxCur parameter is the cursor number of an index.  If
 ** WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE is set, iIdxCur is the cursor number of an index
 ** to use for OR clause processing.  The WHERE clause should use this
 ** specific cursor.  If WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED is set, then iIdxCur is
@@ -142901,8 +150936,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
   u8 bFordelete = 0;         /* OPFLAG_FORDELETE or zero, as appropriate */
 
   assert( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW)==0 || (
-        (wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)!=0 
-     && (wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)==0 
+        (wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)!=0
+     && (wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)==0
   ));
 
   /* Only one of WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE or WHERE_USE_LIMIT */
@@ -142925,7 +150960,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
   }
 
   /* The number of tables in the FROM clause is limited by the number of
-  ** bits in a Bitmask 
+  ** bits in a Bitmask
   */
   testcase( pTabList->nSrc==BMS );
   if( pTabList->nSrc>BMS ){
@@ -142933,7 +150968,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
     return 0;
   }
 
-  /* This function normally generates a nested loop for all tables in 
+  /* This function normally generates a nested loop for all tables in
   ** pTabList.  But if the WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE flag is set, then we should
   ** only generate code for the first table in pTabList and assume that
   ** any cursors associated with subsequent tables are uninitialized.
@@ -142961,11 +150996,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
   pWInfo->pResultSet = pResultSet;
   pWInfo->aiCurOnePass[0] = pWInfo->aiCurOnePass[1] = -1;
   pWInfo->nLevel = nTabList;
-  pWInfo->iBreak = pWInfo->iContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+  pWInfo->iBreak = pWInfo->iContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
   pWInfo->wctrlFlags = wctrlFlags;
   pWInfo->iLimit = iAuxArg;
   pWInfo->savedNQueryLoop = pParse->nQueryLoop;
-  memset(&pWInfo->nOBSat, 0, 
+  memset(&pWInfo->nOBSat, 0,
          offsetof(WhereInfo,sWC) - offsetof(WhereInfo,nOBSat));
   memset(&pWInfo->a[0], 0, sizeof(WhereLoop)+nTabList*sizeof(WhereLevel));
   assert( pWInfo->eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF );  /* ONEPASS defaults to OFF */
@@ -142985,7 +151020,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
   initMaskSet(pMaskSet);
   sqlite3WhereClauseInit(&pWInfo->sWC, pWInfo);
   sqlite3WhereSplit(&pWInfo->sWC, pWhere, TK_AND);
-    
+
   /* Special case: No FROM clause
   */
   if( nTabList==0 ){
@@ -143025,14 +151060,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
     }
   #endif
   }
-  
+
   /* Analyze all of the subexpressions. */
   sqlite3WhereExprAnalyze(pTabList, &pWInfo->sWC);
   if( db->mallocFailed ) goto whereBeginError;
 
   /* Special case: WHERE terms that do not refer to any tables in the join
   ** (constant expressions). Evaluate each such term, and jump over all the
-  ** generated code if the result is not true.  
+  ** generated code if the result is not true.
   **
   ** Do not do this if the expression contains non-deterministic functions
   ** that are not within a sub-select. This is not strictly required, but
@@ -143069,8 +151104,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
       sqlite3DebugPrintf(", limit: %d", iAuxArg);
     }
     sqlite3DebugPrintf(")\n");
+    if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x100 ){
+      Select sSelect;
+      memset(&sSelect, 0, sizeof(sSelect));
+      sSelect.selFlags = SF_WhereBegin;
+      sSelect.pSrc = pTabList;
+      sSelect.pWhere = pWhere;
+      sSelect.pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
+      sSelect.pEList = pResultSet;
+      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, &sSelect, 0);
+    }
   }
   if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x100 ){ /* Display all terms of the WHERE clause */
+    sqlite3DebugPrintf("---- WHERE clause at start of analysis:\n");
     sqlite3WhereClausePrint(sWLB.pWC);
   }
 #endif
@@ -143078,20 +151124,29 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
   if( nTabList!=1 || whereShortCut(&sWLB)==0 ){
     rc = whereLoopAddAll(&sWLB);
     if( rc ) goto whereBeginError;
-  
-#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
-    if( sqlite3WhereTrace ){    /* Display all of the WhereLoop objects */
-      WhereLoop *p;
-      int i;
-      static const char zLabel[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxz"
-                                             "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWYXZ";
-      for(p=pWInfo->pLoops, i=0; p; p=p->pNextLoop, i++){
-        p->cId = zLabel[i%(sizeof(zLabel)-1)];
-        whereLoopPrint(p, sWLB.pWC);
-      }
-    }
-#endif
-  
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+    /* If one or more WhereTerm.truthProb values were used in estimating
+    ** loop parameters, but then those truthProb values were subsequently
+    ** changed based on STAT4 information while computing subsequent loops,
+    ** then we need to rerun the whole loop building process so that all
+    ** loops will be built using the revised truthProb values. */
+    if( sWLB.bldFlags2 & SQLITE_BLDF2_2NDPASS ){
+      WHERETRACE_ALL_LOOPS(pWInfo, sWLB.pWC);
+      WHERETRACE(0xffff,
+           ("**** Redo all loop computations due to"
+            " TERM_HIGHTRUTH changes ****\n"));
+      while( pWInfo->pLoops ){
+        WhereLoop *p = pWInfo->pLoops;
+        pWInfo->pLoops = p->pNextLoop;
+        whereLoopDelete(db, p);
+      }
+      rc = whereLoopAddAll(&sWLB);
+      if( rc ) goto whereBeginError;
+    }
+#endif
+    WHERETRACE_ALL_LOOPS(pWInfo, sWLB.pWC);
+
     wherePathSolver(pWInfo, 0);
     if( db->mallocFailed ) goto whereBeginError;
     if( pWInfo->pOrderBy ){
@@ -143127,7 +151182,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
     }
     sqlite3DebugPrintf("\n");
     for(ii=0; ii<pWInfo->nLevel; ii++){
-      whereLoopPrint(pWInfo->a[ii].pWLoop, sWLB.pWC);
+      sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(pWInfo->a[ii].pWLoop, sWLB.pWC);
     }
   }
 #endif
@@ -143138,7 +151193,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
   **   1) The query must not be an aggregate.
   **   2) The table must be the RHS of a LEFT JOIN.
   **   3) Either the query must be DISTINCT, or else the ON or USING clause
-  **      must contain a constraint that limits the scan of the table to 
+  **      must contain a constraint that limits the scan of the table to
   **      at most a single row.
   **   4) The table must not be referenced by any part of the query apart
   **      from its own USING or ON clause.
@@ -143151,15 +151206,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
   **
   ** then table t2 can be omitted from the following:
   **
-  **     SELECT v1, v3 FROM t1 
-  **       LEFT JOIN t2 USING (t1.ipk=t2.ipk)
-  **       LEFT JOIN t3 USING (t1.ipk=t3.ipk)
+  **     SELECT v1, v3 FROM t1
+  **       LEFT JOIN t2 ON (t1.ipk=t2.ipk)
+  **       LEFT JOIN t3 ON (t1.ipk=t3.ipk)
   **
   ** or from:
   **
-  **     SELECT DISTINCT v1, v3 FROM t1 
+  **     SELECT DISTINCT v1, v3 FROM t1
   **       LEFT JOIN t2
-  **       LEFT JOIN t3 USING (t1.ipk=t3.ipk)
+  **       LEFT JOIN t3 ON (t1.ipk=t3.ipk)
   */
   notReady = ~(Bitmask)0;
   if( pWInfo->nLevel>=2
@@ -143209,7 +151264,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
       nTabList--;
     }
   }
+#if defined(WHERETRACE_ENABLED)
+  if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x100 ){ /* Display all terms of the WHERE clause */
+    sqlite3DebugPrintf("---- WHERE clause at end of analysis:\n");
+    sqlite3WhereClausePrint(sWLB.pWC);
+  }
   WHERETRACE(0xffff,("*** Optimizer Finished ***\n"));
+#endif
   pWInfo->pParse->nQueryLoop += pWInfo->nRowOut;
 
   /* If the caller is an UPDATE or DELETE statement that is requesting
@@ -143235,9 +151296,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
   if( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)!=0 ){
     int wsFlags = pWInfo->a[0].pWLoop->wsFlags;
     int bOnerow = (wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW)!=0;
+    assert( !(wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE) || IsVirtual(pTabList->a[0].pTab) );
     if( bOnerow || (
         0!=(wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW)
-     && 0==(wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)
+     && !IsVirtual(pTabList->a[0].pTab)
      && (0==(wsFlags & WHERE_MULTI_OR) || (wctrlFlags & WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK))
     )){
       pWInfo->eOnePass = bOnerow ? ONEPASS_SINGLE : ONEPASS_MULTI;
@@ -143285,7 +151347,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
       assert( pTabItem->iCursor==pLevel->iTabCur );
       testcase( pWInfo->eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF && pTab->nCol==BMS-1 );
       testcase( pWInfo->eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF && pTab->nCol==BMS );
-      if( pWInfo->eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF && pTab->nCol<BMS && HasRowid(pTab) ){
+      if( pWInfo->eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF
+       && pTab->nCol<BMS
+       && (pTab->tabFlags & (TF_HasGenerated|TF_WithoutRowid))==0
+      ){
+        /* If we know that only a prefix of the record will be used,
+        ** it is advantageous to reduce the "column count" field in
+        ** the P4 operand of the OP_OpenRead/Write opcode. */
         Bitmask b = pTabItem->colUsed;
         int n = 0;
         for(; b; b=b>>1, n++){}
@@ -143344,10 +151412,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
         sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(pParse, pIx);
         if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_CONSTRAINT)!=0
          && (pLoop->wsFlags & (WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE|WHERE_SKIPSCAN))==0
+         && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_BIGNULL_SORT)==0
+         && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_SEEKSCAN)==0
          && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags&WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN)==0
          && pWInfo->eDistinct!=WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED
         ){
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_SEEKEQ); /* Hint to COMDB2 */
+          sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_SEEKEQ);
         }
         VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIx->zName));
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_USED_MASK
@@ -143392,7 +151462,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
         pParse, pTabList, pLevel, wctrlFlags
     );
     pLevel->addrBody = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-    notReady = sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(pWInfo, ii, notReady);
+    notReady = sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(pParse,v,pWInfo,ii,pLevel,notReady);
     pWInfo->iContinue = pLevel->addrCont;
     if( (wsFlags&WHERE_MULTI_OR)==0 && (wctrlFlags&WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)==0 ){
       sqlite3WhereAddScanStatus(v, pTabList, pLevel, addrExplain);
@@ -143401,6 +151471,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
 
   /* Done. */
   VdbeModuleComment((v, "Begin WHERE-core"));
+  pWInfo->iEndWhere = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
   return pWInfo;
 
   /* Jump here if malloc fails */
@@ -143433,7 +151504,7 @@ whereBeginError:
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Generate the end of the WHERE loop.  See comments on 
+** Generate the end of the WHERE loop.  See comments on
 ** sqlite3WhereBegin() for additional information.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
@@ -143444,6 +151515,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
   WhereLoop *pLoop;
   SrcList *pTabList = pWInfo->pTabList;
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  int iEnd = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
 
   /* Generate loop termination code.
   */
@@ -143461,7 +151533,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
        && i==pWInfo->nLevel-1  /* Ticket [ef9318757b152e3] 2017-10-21 */
        && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0
        && (pIdx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex)->hasStat1
-       && (n = pLoop->u.btree.nIdxCol)>0
+       && (n = pLoop->u.btree.nDistinctCol)>0
        && pIdx->aiRowLogEst[n]>=36
       ){
         int r1 = pParse->nMem+1;
@@ -143485,6 +151557,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
       VdbeCoverageIf(v, pLevel->op==OP_Next);
       VdbeCoverageIf(v, pLevel->op==OP_Prev);
       VdbeCoverageIf(v, pLevel->op==OP_VNext);
+      if( pLevel->regBignull ){
+        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pLevel->addrBignull);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_DecrJumpZero, pLevel->regBignull, pLevel->p2-1);
+        VdbeCoverage(v);
+      }
 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_SKIPAHEAD_DISTINCT
       if( addrSeek ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrSeek);
 #endif
@@ -143499,11 +151576,28 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
         sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, pIn->addrInTop+1);
         if( pIn->eEndLoopOp!=OP_Noop ){
           if( pIn->nPrefix ){
-            assert( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_EARLYOUT );
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IfNoHope, pLevel->iIdxCur,
-                              sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2,
-                              pIn->iBase, pIn->nPrefix);
-            VdbeCoverage(v);
+            int bEarlyOut =
+                (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0
+                 && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_EARLYOUT)!=0;
+            if( pLevel->iLeftJoin ){
+              /* For LEFT JOIN queries, cursor pIn->iCur may not have been
+              ** opened yet. This occurs for WHERE clauses such as
+              ** "a = ? AND b IN (...)", where the index is on (a, b). If
+              ** the RHS of the (a=?) is NULL, then the "b IN (...)" may
+              ** never have been coded, but the body of the loop run to
+              ** return the null-row. So, if the cursor is not open yet,
+              ** jump over the OP_Next or OP_Prev instruction about to
+              ** be coded.  */
+              sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfNotOpen, pIn->iCur,
+                  sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 2 + bEarlyOut);
+              VdbeCoverage(v);
+            }
+            if( bEarlyOut ){
+              sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IfNoHope, pLevel->iIdxCur,
+                  sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2,
+                  pIn->iBase, pIn->nPrefix);
+              VdbeCoverage(v);
+            }
           }
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, pIn->eEndLoopOp, pIn->iCur, pIn->addrInTop);
           VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -143535,8 +151629,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
         assert( pLevel->iTabCur==pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom].iCursor );
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, pLevel->iTabCur);
       }
-      if( (ws & WHERE_INDEXED) 
-       || ((ws & WHERE_MULTI_OR) && pLevel->u.pCovidx) 
+      if( (ws & WHERE_INDEXED)
+       || ((ws & WHERE_MULTI_OR) && pLevel->u.pCovidx)
       ){
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, pLevel->iIdxCur);
       }
@@ -143559,7 +151653,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
   assert( pWInfo->nLevel<=pTabList->nSrc );
   for(i=0, pLevel=pWInfo->a; i<pWInfo->nLevel; i++, pLevel++){
     int k, last;
-    VdbeOp *pOp;
+    VdbeOp *pOp, *pLastOp;
     Index *pIdx = 0;
     struct SrcList_item *pTabItem = &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
     Table *pTab = pTabItem->pTab;
@@ -143577,11 +151671,34 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
       continue;
     }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EARLY_CURSOR_CLOSE
+    /* Close all of the cursors that were opened by sqlite3WhereBegin.
+    ** Except, do not close cursors that will be reused by the OR optimization
+    ** (WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE).  And do not close the OP_OpenWrite cursors
+    ** created for the ONEPASS optimization.
+    */
+    if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Ephemeral)==0
+     && pTab->pSelect==0
+     && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)==0
+    ){
+      int ws = pLoop->wsFlags;
+      if( pWInfo->eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF && (ws & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, pTabItem->iCursor);
+      }
+      if( (ws & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0
+       && (ws & (WHERE_IPK|WHERE_AUTO_INDEX))==0
+       && pLevel->iIdxCur!=pWInfo->aiCurOnePass[1]
+      ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, pLevel->iIdxCur);
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+
     /* If this scan uses an index, make VDBE code substitutions to read data
     ** from the index instead of from the table where possible.  In some cases
     ** this optimization prevents the table from ever being read, which can
     ** yield a significant performance boost.
-    ** 
+    **
     ** Calls to the code generator in between sqlite3WhereBegin and
     ** sqlite3WhereEnd will have created code that references the table
     ** directly.  This loop scans all that code looking for opcodes
@@ -143594,20 +151711,31 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
       pIdx = pLevel->u.pCovidx;
     }
     if( pIdx
-     && (pWInfo->eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF || !HasRowid(pIdx->pTable))
      && !db->mallocFailed
     ){
-      last = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-      k = pLevel->addrBody;
+      if( pWInfo->eOnePass==ONEPASS_OFF || !HasRowid(pIdx->pTable) ){
+        last = iEnd;
+      }else{
+        last = pWInfo->iEndWhere;
+      }
+      k = pLevel->addrBody + 1;
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
       if( db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace ){
         printf("TRANSLATE opcodes in range %d..%d\n", k, last-1);
       }
+      /* Proof that the "+1" on the k value above is safe */
+      pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, k - 1);
+      assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Column || pOp->p1!=pLevel->iTabCur );
+      assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Rowid  || pOp->p1!=pLevel->iTabCur );
+      assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_IfNullRow || pOp->p1!=pLevel->iTabCur );
 #endif
       pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, k);
-      for(; k<last; k++, pOp++){
-        if( pOp->p1!=pLevel->iTabCur ) continue;
-        if( pOp->opcode==OP_Column
+      pLastOp = pOp + (last - k);
+      assert( pOp<pLastOp );
+      do{
+        if( pOp->p1!=pLevel->iTabCur ){
+          /* no-op */
+        }else if( pOp->opcode==OP_Column
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
          || pOp->opcode==OP_Offset
 #endif
@@ -143618,14 +151746,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
             Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
             x = pPk->aiColumn[x];
             assert( x>=0 );
+          }else{
+            testcase( x!=sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(pTab,x) );
+            x = sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(pTab,x);
           }
-          x = sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(pIdx, x);
+          x = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(pIdx, x);
           if( x>=0 ){
             pOp->p2 = x;
             pOp->p1 = pLevel->iIdxCur;
             OpcodeRewriteTrace(db, k, pOp);
           }
-          assert( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 || x>=0 
+          assert( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 || x>=0
               || pWInfo->eOnePass );
         }else if( pOp->opcode==OP_Rowid ){
           pOp->p1 = pLevel->iIdxCur;
@@ -143635,13 +151766,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
           pOp->p1 = pLevel->iIdxCur;
           OpcodeRewriteTrace(db, k, pOp);
         }
-      }
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+        k++;
+#endif
+      }while( (++pOp)<pLastOp );
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
       if( db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace ) printf("TRANSLATE complete\n");
 #endif
     }
   }
 
+  /* Undo all Expr node modifications */
+  while( pWInfo->pExprMods ){
+    WhereExprMod *p = pWInfo->pExprMods;
+    pWInfo->pExprMods = p->pNext;
+    memcpy(p->pExpr, &p->orig, sizeof(p->orig));
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
+  }
+
   /* Final cleanup
   */
   pParse->nQueryLoop = pWInfo->savedNQueryLoop;
@@ -143693,12 +151835,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
 **   (in this case max()) to process rows sorted in order of (c, d), which
 **   makes things easier for obvious reasons. More generally:
 **
-**     * FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY and HAVING clauses are all moved to 
+**     * FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY and HAVING clauses are all moved to
 **       the sub-query.
 **
 **     * ORDER BY, LIMIT and OFFSET remain part of the parent query.
 **
-**     * Terminals from each of the expression trees that make up the 
+**     * Terminals from each of the expression trees that make up the
 **       select-list and ORDER BY expressions in the parent query are
 **       selected by the sub-query. For the purposes of the transformation,
 **       terminals are column references and aggregate functions.
@@ -143707,14 +151849,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
 **   the same window declaration (the OVER bit), then a single scan may
 **   be used to process more than one window function. For example:
 **
-**     SELECT max(b) OVER (PARTITION BY c ORDER BY d), 
-**            min(e) OVER (PARTITION BY c ORDER BY d) 
+**     SELECT max(b) OVER (PARTITION BY c ORDER BY d),
+**            min(e) OVER (PARTITION BY c ORDER BY d)
 **     FROM t1;
 **
 **   is transformed in the same way as the example above. However:
 **
-**     SELECT max(b) OVER (PARTITION BY c ORDER BY d), 
-**            min(e) OVER (PARTITION BY a ORDER BY b) 
+**     SELECT max(b) OVER (PARTITION BY c ORDER BY d),
+**            min(e) OVER (PARTITION BY a ORDER BY b)
 **     FROM t1;
 **
 **   Must be transformed to:
@@ -143767,15 +151909,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
 **     first_value(expr)
 **     last_value(expr)
 **     nth_value(expr, N)
-**   
-**   These are the same built-in window functions supported by Postgres. 
+**
+**   These are the same built-in window functions supported by Postgres.
 **   Although the behaviour of aggregate window functions (functions that
 **   can be used as either aggregates or window funtions) allows them to
 **   be implemented using an API, built-in window functions are much more
-**   esoteric. Additionally, some window functions (e.g. nth_value()) 
+**   esoteric. Additionally, some window functions (e.g. nth_value())
 **   may only be implemented by caching the entire partition in memory.
 **   As such, some built-in window functions use the same API as aggregate
-**   window functions and some are implemented directly using VDBE 
+**   window functions and some are implemented directly using VDBE
 **   instructions. Additionally, for those functions that use the API, the
 **   window frame is sometimes modified before the SELECT statement is
 **   rewritten. For example, regardless of the specified window frame, the
@@ -143787,7 +151929,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
 **
 **   As well as some of the built-in window functions, aggregate window
 **   functions min() and max() are implemented using VDBE instructions if
-**   the start of the window frame is declared as anything other than 
+**   the start of the window frame is declared as anything other than
 **   UNBOUNDED PRECEDING.
 */
 
@@ -143798,7 +151940,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
 **   ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
 */
 static void row_numberStepFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
   int nArg,
   sqlite3_value **apArg
 ){
@@ -143826,10 +151968,10 @@ struct CallCount {
 ** Implementation of built-in window function dense_rank(). Assumes that
 ** the window frame has been set to:
 **
-**   RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW 
+**   RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
 */
 static void dense_rankStepFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
   int nArg,
   sqlite3_value **apArg
 ){
@@ -143851,14 +151993,104 @@ static void dense_rankValueFunc(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** Implementation of built-in window function nth_value(). This
+** implementation is used in "slow mode" only - when the EXCLUDE clause
+** is not set to the default value "NO OTHERS".
+*/
+struct NthValueCtx {
+  i64 nStep;
+  sqlite3_value *pValue;
+};
+static void nth_valueStepFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int nArg,
+  sqlite3_value **apArg
+){
+  struct NthValueCtx *p;
+  p = (struct NthValueCtx*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(pCtx, sizeof(*p));
+  if( p ){
+    i64 iVal;
+    switch( sqlite3_value_numeric_type(apArg[1]) ){
+      case SQLITE_INTEGER:
+        iVal = sqlite3_value_int64(apArg[1]);
+        break;
+      case SQLITE_FLOAT: {
+        double fVal = sqlite3_value_double(apArg[1]);
+        if( ((i64)fVal)!=fVal ) goto error_out;
+        iVal = (i64)fVal;
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        goto error_out;
+    }
+    if( iVal<=0 ) goto error_out;
+
+    p->nStep++;
+    if( iVal==p->nStep ){
+      p->pValue = sqlite3_value_dup(apArg[0]);
+      if( !p->pValue ){
+        sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nArg);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(apArg);
+  return;
+
+ error_out:
+  sqlite3_result_error(
+      pCtx, "second argument to nth_value must be a positive integer", -1
+  );
+}
+static void nth_valueFinalizeFunc(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
+  struct NthValueCtx *p;
+  p = (struct NthValueCtx*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(pCtx, 0);
+  if( p && p->pValue ){
+    sqlite3_result_value(pCtx, p->pValue);
+    sqlite3_value_free(p->pValue);
+    p->pValue = 0;
+  }
+}
+#define nth_valueInvFunc noopStepFunc
+#define nth_valueValueFunc noopValueFunc
+
+static void first_valueStepFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int nArg,
+  sqlite3_value **apArg
+){
+  struct NthValueCtx *p;
+  p = (struct NthValueCtx*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(pCtx, sizeof(*p));
+  if( p && p->pValue==0 ){
+    p->pValue = sqlite3_value_dup(apArg[0]);
+    if( !p->pValue ){
+      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
+    }
+  }
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nArg);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(apArg);
+}
+static void first_valueFinalizeFunc(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
+  struct NthValueCtx *p;
+  p = (struct NthValueCtx*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(pCtx, sizeof(*p));
+  if( p && p->pValue ){
+    sqlite3_result_value(pCtx, p->pValue);
+    sqlite3_value_free(p->pValue);
+    p->pValue = 0;
+  }
+}
+#define first_valueInvFunc noopStepFunc
+#define first_valueValueFunc noopValueFunc
+
 /*
 ** Implementation of built-in window function rank(). Assumes that
 ** the window frame has been set to:
 **
-**   RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW 
+**   RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
 */
 static void rankStepFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
   int nArg,
   sqlite3_value **apArg
 ){
@@ -143886,71 +152118,86 @@ static void rankValueFunc(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
 ** Implementation of built-in window function percent_rank(). Assumes that
 ** the window frame has been set to:
 **
-**   RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW 
+**   GROUPS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
 */
 static void percent_rankStepFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
   int nArg,
   sqlite3_value **apArg
 ){
   struct CallCount *p;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nArg); assert( nArg==1 );
-
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nArg); assert( nArg==0 );
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(apArg);
   p = (struct CallCount*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(pCtx, sizeof(*p));
   if( p ){
-    if( p->nTotal==0 ){
-      p->nTotal = sqlite3_value_int64(apArg[0]);
-    }
-    p->nStep++;
-    if( p->nValue==0 ){
-      p->nValue = p->nStep;
-    }
+    p->nTotal++;
   }
 }
+static void percent_rankInvFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int nArg,
+  sqlite3_value **apArg
+){
+  struct CallCount *p;
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nArg); assert( nArg==0 );
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(apArg);
+  p = (struct CallCount*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(pCtx, sizeof(*p));
+  p->nStep++;
+}
 static void percent_rankValueFunc(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
   struct CallCount *p;
   p = (struct CallCount*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(pCtx, sizeof(*p));
   if( p ){
+    p->nValue = p->nStep;
     if( p->nTotal>1 ){
-      double r = (double)(p->nValue-1) / (double)(p->nTotal-1);
+      double r = (double)p->nValue / (double)(p->nTotal-1);
       sqlite3_result_double(pCtx, r);
     }else{
       sqlite3_result_double(pCtx, 0.0);
     }
-    p->nValue = 0;
   }
 }
+#define percent_rankFinalizeFunc percent_rankValueFunc
 
 /*
 ** Implementation of built-in window function cume_dist(). Assumes that
 ** the window frame has been set to:
 **
-**   RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW 
+**   GROUPS BETWEEN 1 FOLLOWING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
 */
 static void cume_distStepFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
   int nArg,
   sqlite3_value **apArg
 ){
   struct CallCount *p;
-  assert( nArg==1 ); UNUSED_PARAMETER(nArg);
-
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nArg); assert( nArg==0 );
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(apArg);
   p = (struct CallCount*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(pCtx, sizeof(*p));
   if( p ){
-    if( p->nTotal==0 ){
-      p->nTotal = sqlite3_value_int64(apArg[0]);
-    }
-    p->nStep++;
+    p->nTotal++;
   }
 }
-static void cume_distValueFunc(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
+static void cume_distInvFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int nArg,
+  sqlite3_value **apArg
+){
   struct CallCount *p;
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nArg); assert( nArg==0 );
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(apArg);
   p = (struct CallCount*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(pCtx, sizeof(*p));
-  if( p && p->nTotal ){
+  p->nStep++;
+}
+static void cume_distValueFunc(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
+  struct CallCount *p;
+  p = (struct CallCount*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(pCtx, 0);
+  if( p ){
     double r = (double)(p->nStep) / (double)(p->nTotal);
     sqlite3_result_double(pCtx, r);
   }
 }
+#define cume_distFinalizeFunc cume_distValueFunc
 
 /*
 ** Context object for ntile() window function.
@@ -143965,40 +152212,50 @@ struct NtileCtx {
 ** Implementation of ntile(). This assumes that the window frame has
 ** been coerced to:
 **
-**   ROWS UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
+**   ROWS CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
 */
 static void ntileStepFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
   int nArg,
   sqlite3_value **apArg
 ){
   struct NtileCtx *p;
-  assert( nArg==2 ); UNUSED_PARAMETER(nArg);
+  assert( nArg==1 ); UNUSED_PARAMETER(nArg);
   p = (struct NtileCtx*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(pCtx, sizeof(*p));
   if( p ){
     if( p->nTotal==0 ){
       p->nParam = sqlite3_value_int64(apArg[0]);
-      p->nTotal = sqlite3_value_int64(apArg[1]);
       if( p->nParam<=0 ){
         sqlite3_result_error(
             pCtx, "argument of ntile must be a positive integer", -1
         );
       }
     }
-    p->iRow++;
+    p->nTotal++;
   }
 }
+static void ntileInvFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int nArg,
+  sqlite3_value **apArg
+){
+  struct NtileCtx *p;
+  assert( nArg==1 ); UNUSED_PARAMETER(nArg);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(apArg);
+  p = (struct NtileCtx*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(pCtx, sizeof(*p));
+  p->iRow++;
+}
 static void ntileValueFunc(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
   struct NtileCtx *p;
   p = (struct NtileCtx*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(pCtx, sizeof(*p));
   if( p && p->nParam>0 ){
     int nSize = (p->nTotal / p->nParam);
     if( nSize==0 ){
-      sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, p->iRow);
+      sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, p->iRow+1);
     }else{
       i64 nLarge = p->nTotal - p->nParam*nSize;
       i64 iSmall = nLarge*(nSize+1);
-      i64 iRow = p->iRow-1;
+      i64 iRow = p->iRow;
 
       assert( (nLarge*(nSize+1) + (p->nParam-nLarge)*nSize)==p->nTotal );
 
@@ -144010,6 +152267,7 @@ static void ntileValueFunc(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
     }
   }
 }
+#define ntileFinalizeFunc ntileValueFunc
 
 /*
 ** Context object for last_value() window function.
@@ -144023,7 +152281,7 @@ struct LastValueCtx {
 ** Implementation of last_value().
 */
 static void last_valueStepFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
   int nArg,
   sqlite3_value **apArg
 ){
@@ -144041,7 +152299,7 @@ static void last_valueStepFunc(
   }
 }
 static void last_valueInvFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
   int nArg,
   sqlite3_value **apArg
 ){
@@ -144059,7 +152317,7 @@ static void last_valueInvFunc(
 }
 static void last_valueValueFunc(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
   struct LastValueCtx *p;
-  p = (struct LastValueCtx*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(pCtx, sizeof(*p));
+  p = (struct LastValueCtx*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(pCtx, 0);
   if( p && p->pVal ){
     sqlite3_result_value(pCtx, p->pVal);
   }
@@ -144149,12 +152407,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowFunctions(void){
     WINDOWFUNCX(row_number, 0, 0),
     WINDOWFUNCX(dense_rank, 0, 0),
     WINDOWFUNCX(rank, 0, 0),
-    WINDOWFUNCX(percent_rank, 0, SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW_SIZE),
-    WINDOWFUNCX(cume_dist, 0, SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW_SIZE),
-    WINDOWFUNCX(ntile, 1, SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW_SIZE),
+    WINDOWFUNCALL(percent_rank, 0, 0),
+    WINDOWFUNCALL(cume_dist, 0, 0),
+    WINDOWFUNCALL(ntile, 1, 0),
     WINDOWFUNCALL(last_value, 1, 0),
-    WINDOWFUNCNOOP(nth_value, 2, 0),
-    WINDOWFUNCNOOP(first_value, 1, 0),
+    WINDOWFUNCALL(nth_value, 2, 0),
+    WINDOWFUNCALL(first_value, 1, 0),
     WINDOWFUNCNOOP(lead, 1, 0),
     WINDOWFUNCNOOP(lead, 2, 0),
     WINDOWFUNCNOOP(lead, 3, 0),
@@ -144165,6 +152423,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowFunctions(void){
   sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(aWindowFuncs, ArraySize(aWindowFuncs));
 }
 
+static Window *windowFind(Parse *pParse, Window *pList, const char *zName){
+  Window *p;
+  for(p=pList; p; p=p->pNextWin){
+    if( sqlite3StrICmp(p->zName, zName)==0 ) break;
+  }
+  if( p==0 ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such window: %s", zName);
+  }
+  return p;
+}
+
 /*
 ** This function is called immediately after resolving the function name
 ** for a window function within a SELECT statement. Argument pList is a
@@ -144183,53 +152452,71 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowFunctions(void){
 **     of this file), pWin is updated here.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowUpdate(
-  Parse *pParse, 
+  Parse *pParse,
   Window *pList,                  /* List of named windows for this SELECT */
   Window *pWin,                   /* Window frame to update */
   FuncDef *pFunc                  /* Window function definition */
 ){
-  if( pWin->zName && pWin->eType==0 ){
-    Window *p;
-    for(p=pList; p; p=p->pNextWin){
-      if( sqlite3StrICmp(p->zName, pWin->zName)==0 ) break;
-    }
-    if( p==0 ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such window: %s", pWin->zName);
-      return;
-    }
+  if( pWin->zName && pWin->eFrmType==0 ){
+    Window *p = windowFind(pParse, pList, pWin->zName);
+    if( p==0 ) return;
     pWin->pPartition = sqlite3ExprListDup(pParse->db, p->pPartition, 0);
     pWin->pOrderBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(pParse->db, p->pOrderBy, 0);
     pWin->pStart = sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, p->pStart, 0);
     pWin->pEnd = sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, p->pEnd, 0);
     pWin->eStart = p->eStart;
     pWin->eEnd = p->eEnd;
-    pWin->eType = p->eType;
+    pWin->eFrmType = p->eFrmType;
+    pWin->eExclude = p->eExclude;
+  }else{
+    sqlite3WindowChain(pParse, pWin, pList);
   }
+  if( (pWin->eFrmType==TK_RANGE)
+   && (pWin->pStart || pWin->pEnd)
+   && (pWin->pOrderBy==0 || pWin->pOrderBy->nExpr!=1)
+  ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+      "RANGE with offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING requires one ORDER BY expression"
+    );
+  }else
   if( pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW ){
     sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
     if( pWin->pFilter ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
           "FILTER clause may only be used with aggregate window functions"
       );
-    }else
-    if( pFunc->zName==row_numberName || pFunc->zName==ntileName ){
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWin->pStart);
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWin->pEnd);
-      pWin->pStart = pWin->pEnd = 0;
-      pWin->eType = TK_ROWS;
-      pWin->eStart = TK_UNBOUNDED;
-      pWin->eEnd = TK_CURRENT;
-    }else
-
-    if( pFunc->zName==dense_rankName || pFunc->zName==rankName
-     || pFunc->zName==percent_rankName || pFunc->zName==cume_distName
-    ){
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWin->pStart);
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWin->pEnd);
-      pWin->pStart = pWin->pEnd = 0;
-      pWin->eType = TK_RANGE;
-      pWin->eStart = TK_UNBOUNDED;
-      pWin->eEnd = TK_CURRENT;
+    }else{
+      struct WindowUpdate {
+        const char *zFunc;
+        int eFrmType;
+        int eStart;
+        int eEnd;
+      } aUp[] = {
+        { row_numberName,   TK_ROWS,   TK_UNBOUNDED, TK_CURRENT },
+        { dense_rankName,   TK_RANGE,  TK_UNBOUNDED, TK_CURRENT },
+        { rankName,         TK_RANGE,  TK_UNBOUNDED, TK_CURRENT },
+        { percent_rankName, TK_GROUPS, TK_CURRENT,   TK_UNBOUNDED },
+        { cume_distName,    TK_GROUPS, TK_FOLLOWING, TK_UNBOUNDED },
+        { ntileName,        TK_ROWS,   TK_CURRENT,   TK_UNBOUNDED },
+        { leadName,         TK_ROWS,   TK_UNBOUNDED, TK_UNBOUNDED },
+        { lagName,          TK_ROWS,   TK_UNBOUNDED, TK_CURRENT },
+      };
+      int i;
+      for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aUp); i++){
+        if( pFunc->zName==aUp[i].zFunc ){
+          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWin->pStart);
+          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWin->pEnd);
+          pWin->pEnd = pWin->pStart = 0;
+          pWin->eFrmType = aUp[i].eFrmType;
+          pWin->eStart = aUp[i].eStart;
+          pWin->eEnd = aUp[i].eEnd;
+          pWin->eExclude = 0;
+          if( pWin->eStart==TK_FOLLOWING ){
+            pWin->pStart = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_INTEGER, "1");
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+      }
     }
   }
   pWin->pFunc = pFunc;
@@ -144244,17 +152531,20 @@ struct WindowRewrite {
   Window *pWin;
   SrcList *pSrc;
   ExprList *pSub;
+  Table *pTab;
   Select *pSubSelect;             /* Current sub-select, if any */
 };
 
 /*
 ** Callback function used by selectWindowRewriteEList(). If necessary,
-** this function appends to the output expression-list and updates 
+** this function appends to the output expression-list and updates
 ** expression (*ppExpr) in place.
 */
 static int selectWindowRewriteExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
   struct WindowRewrite *p = pWalker->u.pRewrite;
   Parse *pParse = pWalker->pParse;
+  assert( p!=0 );
+  assert( p->pWin!=0 );
 
   /* If this function is being called from within a scalar sub-select
   ** that used by the SELECT statement being processed, only process
@@ -144277,24 +152567,38 @@ static int selectWindowRewriteExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
   switch( pExpr->op ){
 
     case TK_FUNCTION:
-      if( pExpr->pWin==0 ){
+      if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
         break;
       }else{
         Window *pWin;
         for(pWin=p->pWin; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
-          if( pExpr->pWin==pWin ){
+          if( pExpr->y.pWin==pWin ){
             assert( pWin->pOwner==pExpr );
             return WRC_Prune;
           }
         }
       }
-      /* Fall through.  */
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
 
     case TK_AGG_FUNCTION:
     case TK_COLUMN: {
-      Expr *pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pExpr, 0);
-      p->pSub = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, p->pSub, pDup);
+      int iCol = -1;
+      if( p->pSub ){
+        int i;
+        for(i=0; i<p->pSub->nExpr; i++){
+          if( 0==sqlite3ExprCompare(0, p->pSub->a[i].pExpr, pExpr, -1) ){
+            iCol = i;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if( iCol<0 ){
+        Expr *pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pExpr, 0);
+        if( pDup && pDup->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION ) pDup->op = TK_FUNCTION;
+        p->pSub = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, p->pSub, pDup);
+      }
       if( p->pSub ){
+        int f = pExpr->flags & EP_Collate;
         assert( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Static)==0 );
         ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Static);
         sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pExpr);
@@ -144302,10 +152606,12 @@ static int selectWindowRewriteExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
         memset(pExpr, 0, sizeof(Expr));
 
         pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
-        pExpr->iColumn = p->pSub->nExpr-1;
+        pExpr->iColumn = (iCol<0 ? p->pSub->nExpr-1: iCol);
         pExpr->iTable = p->pWin->iEphCsr;
+        pExpr->y.pTab = p->pTab;
+        pExpr->flags = f;
       }
-
+      if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return WRC_Abort;
       break;
     }
 
@@ -144334,30 +152640,33 @@ static int selectWindowRewriteSelectCb(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
 **
 **   * TK_COLUMN,
 **   * aggregate function, or
-**   * window function with a Window object that is not a member of the 
+**   * window function with a Window object that is not a member of the
 **     Window list passed as the second argument (pWin).
 **
 ** Append the node to output expression-list (*ppSub). And replace it
-** with a TK_COLUMN that reads the (N-1)th element of table 
+** with a TK_COLUMN that reads the (N-1)th element of table
 ** pWin->iEphCsr, where N is the number of elements in (*ppSub) after
 ** appending the new one.
 */
 static void selectWindowRewriteEList(
-  Parse *pParse, 
+  Parse *pParse,
   Window *pWin,
   SrcList *pSrc,
   ExprList *pEList,               /* Rewrite expressions in this list */
+  Table *pTab,
   ExprList **ppSub                /* IN/OUT: Sub-select expression-list */
 ){
   Walker sWalker;
   WindowRewrite sRewrite;
 
+  assert( pWin!=0 );
   memset(&sWalker, 0, sizeof(Walker));
   memset(&sRewrite, 0, sizeof(WindowRewrite));
 
   sRewrite.pSub = *ppSub;
   sRewrite.pWin = pWin;
   sRewrite.pSrc = pSrc;
+  sRewrite.pTab = pTab;
 
   sWalker.pParse = pParse;
   sWalker.xExprCallback = selectWindowRewriteExprCb;
@@ -144376,30 +152685,61 @@ static void selectWindowRewriteEList(
 static ExprList *exprListAppendList(
   Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
   ExprList *pList,        /* List to which to append. Might be NULL */
-  ExprList *pAppend       /* List of values to append. Might be NULL */
+  ExprList *pAppend,      /* List of values to append. Might be NULL */
+  int bIntToNull
 ){
   if( pAppend ){
     int i;
     int nInit = pList ? pList->nExpr : 0;
     for(i=0; i<pAppend->nExpr; i++){
       Expr *pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pAppend->a[i].pExpr, 0);
+      assert( pDup==0 || !ExprHasProperty(pDup, EP_MemToken) );
+      if( bIntToNull && pDup ){
+        int iDummy;
+        Expr *pSub;
+        for(pSub=pDup; ExprHasProperty(pSub, EP_Skip); pSub=pSub->pLeft){
+          assert( pSub );
+        }
+        if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pSub, &iDummy) ){
+          pSub->op = TK_NULL;
+          pSub->flags &= ~(EP_IntValue|EP_IsTrue|EP_IsFalse);
+          pSub->u.zToken = 0;
+        }
+      }
       pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pList, pDup);
-      if( pList ) pList->a[nInit+i].sortOrder = pAppend->a[i].sortOrder;
+      if( pList ) pList->a[nInit+i].sortFlags = pAppend->a[i].sortFlags;
     }
   }
   return pList;
 }
 
+/*
+** When rewriting a query, if the new subquery in the FROM clause
+** contains TK_AGG_FUNCTION nodes that refer to an outer query,
+** then we have to increase the Expr->op2 values of those nodes
+** due to the extra subquery layer that was added.
+**
+** See also the incrAggDepth() routine in resolve.c
+*/
+static int sqlite3WindowExtraAggFuncDepth(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION
+   && pExpr->op2>=pWalker->walkerDepth
+  ){
+    pExpr->op2++;
+  }
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+
 /*
 ** If the SELECT statement passed as the second argument does not invoke
-** any SQL window functions, this function is a no-op. Otherwise, it 
+** any SQL window functions, this function is a no-op. Otherwise, it
 ** rewrites the SELECT statement so that window function xStep functions
 ** are invoked in the correct order as described under "SELECT REWRITING"
 ** at the top of this file.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WindowRewrite(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( p->pWin ){
+  if( p->pWin && p->pPrior==0 && (p->selFlags & SF_WinRewrite)==0 ){
     Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
     sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
     Select *pSub = 0;             /* The subquery */
@@ -144410,48 +152750,72 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WindowRewrite(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
     ExprList *pSort = 0;
 
     ExprList *pSublist = 0;       /* Expression list for sub-query */
-    Window *pMWin = p->pWin;      /* Master window object */
+    Window *pMWin = p->pWin;      /* Main window object */
     Window *pWin;                 /* Window object iterator */
+    Table *pTab;
+    Walker w;
+
+    u32 selFlags = p->selFlags;
+
+    pTab = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table));
+    if( pTab==0 ){
+      return sqlite3ErrorToParser(db, SQLITE_NOMEM);
+    }
+    sqlite3AggInfoPersistWalkerInit(&w, pParse);
+    sqlite3WalkSelect(&w, p);
 
     p->pSrc = 0;
     p->pWhere = 0;
     p->pGroupBy = 0;
     p->pHaving = 0;
+    p->selFlags &= ~SF_Aggregate;
+    p->selFlags |= SF_WinRewrite;
 
     /* Create the ORDER BY clause for the sub-select. This is the concatenation
     ** of the window PARTITION and ORDER BY clauses. Then, if this makes it
     ** redundant, remove the ORDER BY from the parent SELECT.  */
-    pSort = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pMWin->pPartition, 0);
-    pSort = exprListAppendList(pParse, pSort, pMWin->pOrderBy);
-    if( pSort && p->pOrderBy ){
+    pSort = exprListAppendList(pParse, 0, pMWin->pPartition, 1);
+    pSort = exprListAppendList(pParse, pSort, pMWin->pOrderBy, 1);
+    if( pSort && p->pOrderBy && p->pOrderBy->nExpr<=pSort->nExpr ){
+      int nSave = pSort->nExpr;
+      pSort->nExpr = p->pOrderBy->nExpr;
       if( sqlite3ExprListCompare(pSort, p->pOrderBy, -1)==0 ){
         sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pOrderBy);
         p->pOrderBy = 0;
       }
+      pSort->nExpr = nSave;
     }
 
     /* Assign a cursor number for the ephemeral table used to buffer rows.
     ** The OpenEphemeral instruction is coded later, after it is known how
     ** many columns the table will have.  */
     pMWin->iEphCsr = pParse->nTab++;
+    pParse->nTab += 3;
 
-    selectWindowRewriteEList(pParse, pMWin, pSrc, p->pEList, &pSublist);
-    selectWindowRewriteEList(pParse, pMWin, pSrc, p->pOrderBy, &pSublist);
+    selectWindowRewriteEList(pParse, pMWin, pSrc, p->pEList, pTab, &pSublist);
+    selectWindowRewriteEList(pParse, pMWin, pSrc, p->pOrderBy, pTab, &pSublist);
     pMWin->nBufferCol = (pSublist ? pSublist->nExpr : 0);
 
-    /* Append the PARTITION BY and ORDER BY expressions to the to the 
-    ** sub-select expression list. They are required to figure out where 
+    /* Append the PARTITION BY and ORDER BY expressions to the to the
+    ** sub-select expression list. They are required to figure out where
     ** boundaries for partitions and sets of peer rows lie.  */
-    pSublist = exprListAppendList(pParse, pSublist, pMWin->pPartition);
-    pSublist = exprListAppendList(pParse, pSublist, pMWin->pOrderBy);
+    pSublist = exprListAppendList(pParse, pSublist, pMWin->pPartition, 0);
+    pSublist = exprListAppendList(pParse, pSublist, pMWin->pOrderBy, 0);
 
     /* Append the arguments passed to each window function to the
     ** sub-select expression list. Also allocate two registers for each
     ** window function - one for the accumulator, another for interim
     ** results.  */
     for(pWin=pMWin; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
-      pWin->iArgCol = (pSublist ? pSublist->nExpr : 0);
-      pSublist = exprListAppendList(pParse, pSublist, pWin->pOwner->x.pList);
+      ExprList *pArgs = pWin->pOwner->x.pList;
+      if( pWin->pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_SUBTYPE ){
+        selectWindowRewriteEList(pParse, pMWin, pSrc, pArgs, pTab, &pSublist);
+        pWin->iArgCol = (pSublist ? pSublist->nExpr : 0);
+        pWin->bExprArgs = 1;
+      }else{
+        pWin->iArgCol = (pSublist ? pSublist->nExpr : 0);
+        pSublist = exprListAppendList(pParse, pSublist, pArgs, 0);
+      }
       if( pWin->pFilter ){
         Expr *pFilter = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWin->pFilter, 0);
         pSublist = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pSublist, pFilter);
@@ -144464,52 +152828,86 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WindowRewrite(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
     /* If there is no ORDER BY or PARTITION BY clause, and the window
     ** function accepts zero arguments, and there are no other columns
     ** selected (e.g. "SELECT row_number() OVER () FROM t1"), it is possible
-    ** that pSublist is still NULL here. Add a constant expression here to 
-    ** keep everything legal in this case. 
+    ** that pSublist is still NULL here. Add a constant expression here to
+    ** keep everything legal in this case.
     */
     if( pSublist==0 ){
-      pSublist = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, 
-          sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_INTEGER, &sqlite3IntTokens[0], 0)
+      pSublist = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0,
+        sqlite3Expr(db, TK_INTEGER, "0")
       );
     }
 
     pSub = sqlite3SelectNew(
         pParse, pSublist, pSrc, pWhere, pGroupBy, pHaving, pSort, 0, 0
     );
-    p->pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, 0, 0, 0);
-    assert( p->pSrc || db->mallocFailed );
+    SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,pSub,
+       ("New window-function subquery in FROM clause of (%u/%p)\n",
+       p->selId, p));
+    p->pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse, 0, 0, 0);
     if( p->pSrc ){
+      Table *pTab2;
       p->pSrc->a[0].pSelect = pSub;
       sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(pParse, p->pSrc);
-      if( sqlite3ExpandSubquery(pParse, &p->pSrc->a[0]) ){
+      pSub->selFlags |= SF_Expanded;
+      pTab2 = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSub, SQLITE_AFF_NONE);
+      pSub->selFlags |= (selFlags & SF_Aggregate);
+      if( pTab2==0 ){
+        /* Might actually be some other kind of error, but in that case
+        ** pParse->nErr will be set, so if SQLITE_NOMEM is set, we will get
+        ** the correct error message regardless. */
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }else{
-        pSub->selFlags |= SF_Expanded;
-        p->selFlags &= ~SF_Aggregate;
-        sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, pSub, 0);
+        memcpy(pTab, pTab2, sizeof(Table));
+        pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral;
+        p->pSrc->a[0].pTab = pTab;
+        pTab = pTab2;
+        memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
+        w.xExprCallback = sqlite3WindowExtraAggFuncDepth;
+        w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3WalkerDepthIncrease;
+        w.xSelectCallback2 = sqlite3WalkerDepthDecrease;
+        sqlite3WalkSelect(&w, pSub);
       }
-
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pMWin->iEphCsr, pSublist->nExpr);
     }else{
       sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSub);
     }
     if( db->mallocFailed ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, pTab);
   }
 
+  if( rc ){
+    if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
+      assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
+      sqlite3ErrorToParser(pParse->db, SQLITE_NOMEM);
+    }
+  }
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** Unlink the Window object from the Select to which it is attached,
+** if it is attached.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowUnlinkFromSelect(Window *p){
+  if( p->ppThis ){
+    *p->ppThis = p->pNextWin;
+    if( p->pNextWin ) p->pNextWin->ppThis = p->ppThis;
+    p->ppThis = 0;
+  }
+}
+
 /*
 ** Free the Window object passed as the second argument.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowDelete(sqlite3 *db, Window *p){
   if( p ){
+    sqlite3WindowUnlinkFromSelect(p);
     sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pFilter);
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pPartition);
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pOrderBy);
     sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pEnd);
     sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pStart);
     sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zName);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zBase);
     sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
   }
 }
@@ -144534,6 +152932,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowListDelete(sqlite3 *db, Window *p){
 */
 static Expr *sqlite3WindowOffsetExpr(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
   if( 0==sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pExpr) ){
+    if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ) sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(pParse, pExpr);
     sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pExpr);
     pExpr = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_NULL, 0, 0);
   }
@@ -144545,16 +152944,18 @@ static Expr *sqlite3WindowOffsetExpr(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(
   Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing context */
-  int eType,        /* Frame type. TK_RANGE or TK_ROWS */
+  int eType,        /* Frame type. TK_RANGE, TK_ROWS, TK_GROUPS, or 0 */
   int eStart,       /* Start type: CURRENT, PRECEDING, FOLLOWING, UNBOUNDED */
   Expr *pStart,     /* Start window size if TK_PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
   int eEnd,         /* End type: CURRENT, FOLLOWING, TK_UNBOUNDED, PRECEDING */
-  Expr *pEnd        /* End window size if TK_FOLLOWING or PRECEDING */
+  Expr *pEnd,       /* End window size if TK_FOLLOWING or PRECEDING */
+  u8 eExclude       /* EXCLUDE clause */
 ){
   Window *pWin = 0;
+  int bImplicitFrame = 0;
 
   /* Parser assures the following: */
-  assert( eType==TK_RANGE || eType==TK_ROWS );
+  assert( eType==0 || eType==TK_RANGE || eType==TK_ROWS || eType==TK_GROUPS );
   assert( eStart==TK_CURRENT || eStart==TK_PRECEDING
            || eStart==TK_UNBOUNDED || eStart==TK_FOLLOWING );
   assert( eEnd==TK_CURRENT || eEnd==TK_FOLLOWING
@@ -144562,13 +152963,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(
   assert( (eStart==TK_PRECEDING || eStart==TK_FOLLOWING)==(pStart!=0) );
   assert( (eEnd==TK_FOLLOWING || eEnd==TK_PRECEDING)==(pEnd!=0) );
 
-
-  /* If a frame is declared "RANGE" (not "ROWS"), then it may not use
-  ** either "<expr> PRECEDING" or "<expr> FOLLOWING".
-  */
-  if( eType==TK_RANGE && (pStart!=0 || pEnd!=0) ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "RANGE must use only UNBOUNDED or CURRENT ROW");
-    goto windowAllocErr;
+  if( eType==0 ){
+    bImplicitFrame = 1;
+    eType = TK_RANGE;
   }
 
   /* Additionally, the
@@ -144588,15 +152985,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(
   if( (eStart==TK_CURRENT && eEnd==TK_PRECEDING)
    || (eStart==TK_FOLLOWING && (eEnd==TK_PRECEDING || eEnd==TK_CURRENT))
   ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unsupported frame delimiter for ROWS");
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unsupported frame specification");
     goto windowAllocErr;
   }
 
   pWin = (Window*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(Window));
   if( pWin==0 ) goto windowAllocErr;
-  pWin->eType = eType;
+  pWin->eFrmType = eType;
   pWin->eStart = eStart;
   pWin->eEnd = eEnd;
+  if( eExclude==0 && OptimizationDisabled(pParse->db, SQLITE_WindowFunc) ){
+    eExclude = TK_NO;
+  }
+  pWin->eExclude = eExclude;
+  pWin->bImplicitFrame = bImplicitFrame;
   pWin->pEnd = sqlite3WindowOffsetExpr(pParse, pEnd);
   pWin->pStart = sqlite3WindowOffsetExpr(pParse, pStart);
   return pWin;
@@ -144607,21 +153009,83 @@ windowAllocErr:
   return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+** Attach PARTITION and ORDER BY clauses pPartition and pOrderBy to window
+** pWin. Also, if parameter pBase is not NULL, set pWin->zBase to the
+** equivalent nul-terminated string.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Window *sqlite3WindowAssemble(
+  Parse *pParse,
+  Window *pWin,
+  ExprList *pPartition,
+  ExprList *pOrderBy,
+  Token *pBase
+){
+  if( pWin ){
+    pWin->pPartition = pPartition;
+    pWin->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
+    if( pBase ){
+      pWin->zBase = sqlite3DbStrNDup(pParse->db, pBase->z, pBase->n);
+    }
+  }else{
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pPartition);
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pOrderBy);
+  }
+  return pWin;
+}
+
+/*
+** Window *pWin has just been created from a WINDOW clause. Tokne pBase
+** is the base window. Earlier windows from the same WINDOW clause are
+** stored in the linked list starting at pWin->pNextWin. This function
+** either updates *pWin according to the base specification, or else
+** leaves an error in pParse.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowChain(Parse *pParse, Window *pWin, Window *pList){
+  if( pWin->zBase ){
+    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+    Window *pExist = windowFind(pParse, pList, pWin->zBase);
+    if( pExist ){
+      const char *zErr = 0;
+      /* Check for errors */
+      if( pWin->pPartition ){
+        zErr = "PARTITION clause";
+      }else if( pExist->pOrderBy && pWin->pOrderBy ){
+        zErr = "ORDER BY clause";
+      }else if( pExist->bImplicitFrame==0 ){
+        zErr = "frame specification";
+      }
+      if( zErr ){
+        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+            "cannot override %s of window: %s", zErr, pWin->zBase
+        );
+      }else{
+        pWin->pPartition = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pExist->pPartition, 0);
+        if( pExist->pOrderBy ){
+          assert( pWin->pOrderBy==0 );
+          pWin->pOrderBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pExist->pOrderBy, 0);
+        }
+        sqlite3DbFree(db, pWin->zBase);
+        pWin->zBase = 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /*
 ** Attach window object pWin to expression p.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowAttach(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, Window *pWin){
   if( p ){
-    /* This routine is only called for the parser.  If pWin was not
-    ** allocated due to an OOM, then the parser would fail before ever
-    ** invoking this routine */
-    if( ALWAYS(pWin) ){
-      p->pWin = pWin;
-      pWin->pOwner = p;
-      if( p->flags & EP_Distinct ){
-        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
-           "DISTINCT is not supported for window functions");
-      }
+    assert( p->op==TK_FUNCTION );
+    assert( pWin );
+    p->y.pWin = pWin;
+    ExprSetProperty(p, EP_WinFunc);
+    pWin->pOwner = p;
+    if( (p->flags & EP_Distinct) && pWin->eFrmType!=TK_FILTER ){
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+          "DISTINCT is not supported for window functions"
+      );
     }
   }else{
     sqlite3WindowDelete(pParse->db, pWin);
@@ -144629,17 +153093,49 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowAttach(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, Window *pWin){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return 0 if the two window objects are identical, or non-zero otherwise.
-** Identical window objects can be processed in a single scan.
+** Possibly link window pWin into the list at pSel->pWin (window functions
+** to be processed as part of SELECT statement pSel). The window is linked
+** in if either (a) there are no other windows already linked to this
+** SELECT, or (b) the windows already linked use a compatible window frame.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowLink(Select *pSel, Window *pWin){
+  if( pSel!=0
+   && (0==pSel->pWin || 0==sqlite3WindowCompare(0, pSel->pWin, pWin, 0))
+  ){
+    pWin->pNextWin = pSel->pWin;
+    if( pSel->pWin ){
+      pSel->pWin->ppThis = &pWin->pNextWin;
+    }
+    pSel->pWin = pWin;
+    pWin->ppThis = &pSel->pWin;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Return 0 if the two window objects are identical, 1 if they are
+** different, or 2 if it cannot be determined if the objects are identical
+** or not. Identical window objects can be processed in a single scan.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WindowCompare(Parse *pParse, Window *p1, Window *p2){
-  if( p1->eType!=p2->eType ) return 1;
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WindowCompare(Parse *pParse, Window *p1, Window *p2, int bFilter){
+  int res;
+  if( NEVER(p1==0) || NEVER(p2==0) ) return 1;
+  if( p1->eFrmType!=p2->eFrmType ) return 1;
   if( p1->eStart!=p2->eStart ) return 1;
   if( p1->eEnd!=p2->eEnd ) return 1;
+  if( p1->eExclude!=p2->eExclude ) return 1;
   if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, p1->pStart, p2->pStart, -1) ) return 1;
   if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, p1->pEnd, p2->pEnd, -1) ) return 1;
-  if( sqlite3ExprListCompare(p1->pPartition, p2->pPartition, -1) ) return 1;
-  if( sqlite3ExprListCompare(p1->pOrderBy, p2->pOrderBy, -1) ) return 1;
+  if( (res = sqlite3ExprListCompare(p1->pPartition, p2->pPartition, -1)) ){
+    return res;
+  }
+  if( (res = sqlite3ExprListCompare(p1->pOrderBy, p2->pOrderBy, -1)) ){
+    return res;
+  }
+  if( bFilter ){
+    if( (res = sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, p1->pFilter, p2->pFilter, -1)) ){
+      return res;
+    }
+  }
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -144649,15 +153145,37 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WindowCompare(Parse *pParse, Window *p1, Window *p2){
 ** to begin iterating through the sub-query results. It is used to allocate
 ** and initialize registers and cursors used by sqlite3WindowCodeStep().
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse *pParse, Window *pMWin){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect){
+  int nEphExpr = pSelect->pSrc->a[0].pSelect->pEList->nExpr;
+  Window *pMWin = pSelect->pWin;
   Window *pWin;
   Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  int nPart = (pMWin->pPartition ? pMWin->pPartition->nExpr : 0);
-  nPart += (pMWin->pOrderBy ? pMWin->pOrderBy->nExpr : 0);
-  if( nPart ){
+
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pMWin->iEphCsr, nEphExpr);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, pMWin->iEphCsr+1, pMWin->iEphCsr);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, pMWin->iEphCsr+2, pMWin->iEphCsr);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, pMWin->iEphCsr+3, pMWin->iEphCsr);
+
+  /* Allocate registers to use for PARTITION BY values, if any. Initialize
+  ** said registers to NULL.  */
+  if( pMWin->pPartition ){
+    int nExpr = pMWin->pPartition->nExpr;
     pMWin->regPart = pParse->nMem+1;
-    pParse->nMem += nPart;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, pMWin->regPart, pMWin->regPart+nPart-1);
+    pParse->nMem += nExpr;
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, pMWin->regPart, pMWin->regPart+nExpr-1);
+  }
+
+  pMWin->regOne = ++pParse->nMem;
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, pMWin->regOne);
+
+  if( pMWin->eExclude ){
+    pMWin->regStartRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
+    pMWin->regEndRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
+    pMWin->csrApp = pParse->nTab++;
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, pMWin->regStartRowid);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pMWin->regEndRowid);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, pMWin->csrApp, pMWin->iEphCsr);
+    return;
   }
 
   for(pWin=pMWin; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
@@ -144676,8 +153194,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse *pParse, Window *pMWin){
       pWin->regApp = pParse->nMem+1;
       pParse->nMem += 3;
       if( pKeyInfo && pWin->pFunc->zName[1]=='i' ){
-        assert( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[0]==0 );
-        pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[0] = 1;
+        assert( pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0]==0 );
+        pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[0] = KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC;
       }
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pWin->csrApp, 2);
       sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
@@ -144686,20 +153204,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse *pParse, Window *pMWin){
     else if( p->zName==nth_valueName || p->zName==first_valueName ){
       /* Allocate two registers at pWin->regApp. These will be used to
       ** store the start and end index of the current frame.  */
-      assert( pMWin->iEphCsr );
       pWin->regApp = pParse->nMem+1;
       pWin->csrApp = pParse->nTab++;
       pParse->nMem += 2;
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, pWin->csrApp, pMWin->iEphCsr);
     }
     else if( p->zName==leadName || p->zName==lagName ){
-      assert( pMWin->iEphCsr );
       pWin->csrApp = pParse->nTab++;
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, pWin->csrApp, pMWin->iEphCsr);
     }
   }
 }
 
+#define WINDOW_STARTING_INT  0
+#define WINDOW_ENDING_INT    1
+#define WINDOW_NTH_VALUE_INT 2
+#define WINDOW_STARTING_NUM  3
+#define WINDOW_ENDING_NUM    4
+
 /*
 ** A "PRECEDING <expr>" (eCond==0) or "FOLLOWING <expr>" (eCond==1) or the
 ** value of the second argument to nth_value() (eCond==2) has just been
@@ -144707,25 +153229,43 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse *pParse, Window *pMWin){
 ** code to check that the value is a non-negative integer and throws an
 ** exception if it is not.
 */
-static void windowCheckIntValue(Parse *pParse, int reg, int eCond){
+static void windowCheckValue(Parse *pParse, int reg, int eCond){
   static const char *azErr[] = {
     "frame starting offset must be a non-negative integer",
     "frame ending offset must be a non-negative integer",
-    "second argument to nth_value must be a positive integer"
+    "second argument to nth_value must be a positive integer",
+    "frame starting offset must be a non-negative number",
+    "frame ending offset must be a non-negative number",
   };
-  static int aOp[] = { OP_Ge, OP_Ge, OP_Gt };
+  static int aOp[] = { OP_Ge, OP_Ge, OP_Gt, OP_Ge, OP_Ge };
   Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
   int regZero = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  assert( eCond==0 || eCond==1 || eCond==2 );
+  assert( eCond>=0 && eCond<ArraySize(azErr) );
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regZero);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_MustBeInt, reg, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
-  VdbeCoverageIf(v, eCond==0);
-  VdbeCoverageIf(v, eCond==1);
-  VdbeCoverageIf(v, eCond==2);
+  if( eCond>=WINDOW_STARTING_NUM ){
+    int regString = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, regString, 0, "", P4_STATIC);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ge, regString, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2, reg);
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC|SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
+    VdbeCoverage(v);
+    assert( eCond==3 || eCond==4 );
+    VdbeCoverageIf(v, eCond==3);
+    VdbeCoverageIf(v, eCond==4);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_MustBeInt, reg, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
+    VdbeCoverage(v);
+    assert( eCond==0 || eCond==1 || eCond==2 );
+    VdbeCoverageIf(v, eCond==0);
+    VdbeCoverageIf(v, eCond==1);
+    VdbeCoverageIf(v, eCond==2);
+  }
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, aOp[eCond], regZero, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2, reg);
-  VdbeCoverageNeverNullIf(v, eCond==0);
-  VdbeCoverageNeverNullIf(v, eCond==1);
+  VdbeCoverageNeverNullIf(v, eCond==0); /* NULL case captured by */
+  VdbeCoverageNeverNullIf(v, eCond==1); /*   the OP_MustBeInt */
   VdbeCoverageNeverNullIf(v, eCond==2);
+  VdbeCoverageNeverNullIf(v, eCond==3); /* NULL case caught by */
+  VdbeCoverageNeverNullIf(v, eCond==4); /*   the OP_Ge */
+  sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Halt, SQLITE_ERROR, OE_Abort);
   sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, (void*)azErr[eCond], P4_STATIC);
   sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regZero);
@@ -144740,9 +153280,111 @@ static int windowArgCount(Window *pWin){
   return (pList ? pList->nExpr : 0);
 }
 
+typedef struct WindowCodeArg WindowCodeArg;
+typedef struct WindowCsrAndReg WindowCsrAndReg;
+
+/*
+** See comments above struct WindowCodeArg.
+*/
+struct WindowCsrAndReg {
+  int csr;                        /* Cursor number */
+  int reg;                        /* First in array of peer values */
+};
+
+/*
+** A single instance of this structure is allocated on the stack by
+** sqlite3WindowCodeStep() and a pointer to it passed to the various helper
+** routines. This is to reduce the number of arguments required by each
+** helper function.
+**
+** regArg:
+**   Each window function requires an accumulator register (just as an
+**   ordinary aggregate function does). This variable is set to the first
+**   in an array of accumulator registers - one for each window function
+**   in the WindowCodeArg.pMWin list.
+**
+** eDelete:
+**   The window functions implementation sometimes caches the input rows
+**   that it processes in a temporary table. If it is not zero, this
+**   variable indicates when rows may be removed from the temp table (in
+**   order to reduce memory requirements - it would always be safe just
+**   to leave them there). Possible values for eDelete are:
+**
+**      WINDOW_RETURN_ROW:
+**        An input row can be discarded after it is returned to the caller.
+**
+**      WINDOW_AGGINVERSE:
+**        An input row can be discarded after the window functions xInverse()
+**        callbacks have been invoked in it.
+**
+**      WINDOW_AGGSTEP:
+**        An input row can be discarded after the window functions xStep()
+**        callbacks have been invoked in it.
+**
+** start,current,end
+**   Consider a window-frame similar to the following:
+**
+**     (ORDER BY a, b GROUPS BETWEEN 2 PRECEDING AND 2 FOLLOWING)
+**
+**   The windows functions implmentation caches the input rows in a temp
+**   table, sorted by "a, b" (it actually populates the cache lazily, and
+**   aggressively removes rows once they are no longer required, but that's
+**   a mere detail). It keeps three cursors open on the temp table. One
+**   (current) that points to the next row to return to the query engine
+**   once its window function values have been calculated. Another (end)
+**   points to the next row to call the xStep() method of each window function
+**   on (so that it is 2 groups ahead of current). And a third (start) that
+**   points to the next row to call the xInverse() method of each window
+**   function on.
+**
+**   Each cursor (start, current and end) consists of a VDBE cursor
+**   (WindowCsrAndReg.csr) and an array of registers (starting at
+**   WindowCodeArg.reg) that always contains a copy of the peer values
+**   read from the corresponding cursor.
+**
+**   Depending on the window-frame in question, all three cursors may not
+**   be required. In this case both WindowCodeArg.csr and reg are set to
+**   0.
+*/
+struct WindowCodeArg {
+  Parse *pParse;             /* Parse context */
+  Window *pMWin;             /* First in list of functions being processed */
+  Vdbe *pVdbe;               /* VDBE object */
+  int addrGosub;             /* OP_Gosub to this address to return one row */
+  int regGosub;              /* Register used with OP_Gosub(addrGosub) */
+  int regArg;                /* First in array of accumulator registers */
+  int eDelete;               /* See above */
+
+  WindowCsrAndReg start;
+  WindowCsrAndReg current;
+  WindowCsrAndReg end;
+};
+
+/*
+** Generate VM code to read the window frames peer values from cursor csr into
+** an array of registers starting at reg.
+*/
+static void windowReadPeerValues(
+  WindowCodeArg *p,
+  int csr,
+  int reg
+){
+  Window *pMWin = p->pMWin;
+  ExprList *pOrderBy = pMWin->pOrderBy;
+  if( pOrderBy ){
+    Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(p->pParse);
+    ExprList *pPart = pMWin->pPartition;
+    int iColOff = pMWin->nBufferCol + (pPart ? pPart->nExpr : 0);
+    int i;
+    for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, csr, iColOff+i, reg+i);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /*
-** Generate VM code to invoke either xStep() (if bInverse is 0) or 
-** xInverse (if bInverse is non-zero) for each window function in the 
+** Generate VM code to invoke either xStep() (if bInverse is 0) or
+** xInverse (if bInverse is non-zero) for each window function in the
 ** linked list starting at pMWin. Or, for built-in window functions
 ** that do not use the standard function API, generate the required
 ** inline VM code.
@@ -144760,41 +153402,39 @@ static int windowArgCount(Window *pWin){
 ** number of rows in the current partition.
 */
 static void windowAggStep(
-  Parse *pParse, 
+  WindowCodeArg *p,
   Window *pMWin,                  /* Linked list of window functions */
   int csr,                        /* Read arguments from this cursor */
   int bInverse,                   /* True to invoke xInverse instead of xStep */
-  int reg,                        /* Array of registers */
-  int regPartSize                 /* Register containing size of partition */
+  int reg                         /* Array of registers */
 ){
+  Parse *pParse = p->pParse;
   Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
   Window *pWin;
   for(pWin=pMWin; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
-    int flags = pWin->pFunc->funcFlags;
+    FuncDef *pFunc = pWin->pFunc;
     int regArg;
-    int nArg = windowArgCount(pWin);
+    int nArg = pWin->bExprArgs ? 0 : windowArgCount(pWin);
+    int i;
 
-    if( csr>=0 ){
-      int i;
-      for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
+    assert( bInverse==0 || pWin->eStart!=TK_UNBOUNDED );
+
+    /* All OVER clauses in the same window function aggregate step must
+    ** be the same. */
+    assert( pWin==pMWin || sqlite3WindowCompare(pParse,pWin,pMWin,0)!=1 );
+
+    for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
+      if( i!=1 || pFunc->zName!=nth_valueName ){
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, csr, pWin->iArgCol+i, reg+i);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pMWin->iEphCsr, pWin->iArgCol+i, reg+i);
       }
-      regArg = reg;
-      if( flags & SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW_SIZE ){
-        if( nArg==0 ){
-          regArg = regPartSize;
-        }else{
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regPartSize, reg+nArg);
-        }
-        nArg++;
-      }
-    }else{
-      assert( !(flags & SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW_SIZE) );
-      regArg = reg + pWin->iArgCol;
     }
+    regArg = reg;
 
-    if( (pWin->pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX) 
-      && pWin->eStart!=TK_UNBOUNDED 
+    if( pMWin->regStartRowid==0
+     && (pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX)
+     && (pWin->eStart!=TK_UNBOUNDED)
     ){
       int addrIsNull = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, regArg);
       VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -144811,80 +153451,97 @@ static void windowAggStep(
       }
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrIsNull);
     }else if( pWin->regApp ){
-      assert( pWin->pFunc->zName==nth_valueName
-           || pWin->pFunc->zName==first_valueName
+      assert( pFunc->zName==nth_valueName
+           || pFunc->zName==first_valueName
       );
       assert( bInverse==0 || bInverse==1 );
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, pWin->regApp+1-bInverse, 1);
-    }else if( pWin->pFunc->zName==leadName
-           || pWin->pFunc->zName==lagName
-    ){
-      /* no-op */
-    }else{
+    }else if( pFunc->xSFunc!=noopStepFunc ){
       int addrIf = 0;
       if( pWin->pFilter ){
         int regTmp;
-        assert( nArg==0 || nArg==pWin->pOwner->x.pList->nExpr );
-        assert( nArg || pWin->pOwner->x.pList==0 );
-        if( csr>0 ){
-          regTmp = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, csr, pWin->iArgCol+nArg,regTmp);
-        }else{
-          regTmp = regArg + nArg;
-        }
+        assert( pWin->bExprArgs || !nArg ||nArg==pWin->pOwner->x.pList->nExpr );
+        assert( pWin->bExprArgs || nArg  ||pWin->pOwner->x.pList==0 );
+        regTmp = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, csr, pWin->iArgCol+nArg,regTmp);
         addrIf = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfNot, regTmp, 0, 1);
         VdbeCoverage(v);
-        if( csr>0 ){
-          sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regTmp);
+        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regTmp);
+      }
+
+      if( pWin->bExprArgs ){
+        int iStart = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+        VdbeOp *pOp, *pEnd;
+
+        nArg = pWin->pOwner->x.pList->nExpr;
+        regArg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nArg);
+        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pWin->pOwner->x.pList, regArg, 0, 0);
+
+        pEnd = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, -1);
+        for(pOp=sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, iStart); pOp<=pEnd; pOp++){
+          if( pOp->opcode==OP_Column && pOp->p1==pWin->iEphCsr ){
+            pOp->p1 = csr;
+          }
         }
       }
-      if( pWin->pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
+      if( pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
         CollSeq *pColl;
         assert( nArg>0 );
         pColl = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pParse, pWin->pOwner->x.pList->a[0].pExpr);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_CollSeq, 0,0,0, (const char*)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
       }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, bInverse? OP_AggInverse : OP_AggStep, 
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, bInverse? OP_AggInverse : OP_AggStep,
                         bInverse, regArg, pWin->regAccum);
-      sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pWin->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
+      sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
       sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nArg);
+      if( pWin->bExprArgs ){
+        sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regArg, nArg);
+      }
       if( addrIf ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrIf);
     }
   }
 }
 
 /*
-** Generate VM code to invoke either xValue() (bFinal==0) or xFinalize()
-** (bFinal==1) for each window function in the linked list starting at
+** Values that may be passed as the second argument to windowCodeOp().
+*/
+#define WINDOW_RETURN_ROW 1
+#define WINDOW_AGGINVERSE 2
+#define WINDOW_AGGSTEP    3
+
+/*
+** Generate VM code to invoke either xValue() (bFin==0) or xFinalize()
+** (bFin==1) for each window function in the linked list starting at
 ** pMWin. Or, for built-in window-functions that do not use the standard
 ** API, generate the equivalent VM code.
 */
-static void windowAggFinal(Parse *pParse, Window *pMWin, int bFinal){
+static void windowAggFinal(WindowCodeArg *p, int bFin){
+  Parse *pParse = p->pParse;
+  Window *pMWin = p->pMWin;
   Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
   Window *pWin;
 
   for(pWin=pMWin; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
-    if( (pWin->pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX) 
-     && pWin->eStart!=TK_UNBOUNDED 
+    if( pMWin->regStartRowid==0
+     && (pWin->pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX)
+     && (pWin->eStart!=TK_UNBOUNDED)
     ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, pWin->regResult);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Last, pWin->csrApp);
       VdbeCoverage(v);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pWin->csrApp, 0, pWin->regResult);
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-2);
-      if( bFinal ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_ResetSorter, pWin->csrApp);
-      }
     }else if( pWin->regApp ){
+      assert( pMWin->regStartRowid==0 );
     }else{
-      if( bFinal ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AggFinal, pWin->regAccum, windowArgCount(pWin));
+      int nArg = windowArgCount(pWin);
+      if( bFin ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AggFinal, pWin->regAccum, nArg);
         sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pWin->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, pWin->regAccum, pWin->regResult);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, pWin->regAccum);
       }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_AggValue, pWin->regAccum, windowArgCount(pWin),
-                             pWin->regResult);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_AggValue,pWin->regAccum,nArg,pWin->regResult);
         sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pWin->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
       }
     }
@@ -144892,66 +153549,102 @@ static void windowAggFinal(Parse *pParse, Window *pMWin, int bFinal){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function generates VM code to invoke the sub-routine at address
-** lblFlushPart once for each partition with the entire partition cached in
-** the Window.iEphCsr temp table.
+** Generate code to calculate the current values of all window functions in the
+** p->pMWin list by doing a full scan of the current window frame. Store the
+** results in the Window.regResult registers, ready to return the upper
+** layer.
 */
-static void windowPartitionCache(
-  Parse *pParse,
-  Select *p,                      /* The rewritten SELECT statement */
-  WhereInfo *pWInfo,              /* WhereInfo to call WhereEnd() on */
-  int regFlushPart,               /* Register to use with Gosub lblFlushPart */
-  int lblFlushPart,               /* Subroutine to Gosub to */
-  int *pRegSize                   /* OUT: Register containing partition size */
-){
-  Window *pMWin = p->pWin;
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  int iSubCsr = p->pSrc->a[0].iCursor;
-  int nSub = p->pSrc->a[0].pTab->nCol;
-  int k;
+static void windowFullScan(WindowCodeArg *p){
+  Window *pWin;
+  Parse *pParse = p->pParse;
+  Window *pMWin = p->pMWin;
+  Vdbe *v = p->pVdbe;
 
-  int reg = pParse->nMem+1;
-  int regRecord = reg+nSub;
-  int regRowid = regRecord+1;
+  int regCRowid = 0;              /* Current rowid value */
+  int regCPeer = 0;               /* Current peer values */
+  int regRowid = 0;               /* AggStep rowid value */
+  int regPeer = 0;                /* AggStep peer values */
 
-  *pRegSize = regRowid;
-  pParse->nMem += nSub + 2;
+  int nPeer;
+  int lblNext;
+  int lblBrk;
+  int addrNext;
+  int csr;
 
-  /* Load the column values for the row returned by the sub-select
-  ** into an array of registers starting at reg. */
-  for(k=0; k<nSub; k++){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iSubCsr, k, reg+k);
+  VdbeModuleComment((v, "windowFullScan begin"));
+
+  assert( pMWin!=0 );
+  csr = pMWin->csrApp;
+  nPeer = (pMWin->pOrderBy ? pMWin->pOrderBy->nExpr : 0);
+
+  lblNext = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+  lblBrk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+
+  regCRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+  regRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+  if( nPeer ){
+    regCPeer = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nPeer);
+    regPeer = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nPeer);
   }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, reg, nSub, regRecord);
 
-  /* Check if this is the start of a new partition. If so, call the
-  ** flush_partition sub-routine.  */
-  if( pMWin->pPartition ){
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, pMWin->iEphCsr, regCRowid);
+  windowReadPeerValues(p, pMWin->iEphCsr, regCPeer);
+
+  for(pWin=pMWin; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, pWin->regAccum);
+  }
+
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SeekGE, csr, lblBrk, pMWin->regStartRowid);
+  VdbeCoverage(v);
+  addrNext = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, csr, regRowid);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Gt, pMWin->regEndRowid, lblBrk, regRowid);
+  VdbeCoverageNeverNull(v);
+
+  if( pMWin->eExclude==TK_CURRENT ){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, regCRowid, lblNext, regRowid);
+    VdbeCoverageNeverNull(v);
+  }else if( pMWin->eExclude!=TK_NO ){
     int addr;
-    ExprList *pPart = pMWin->pPartition;
-    int nPart = pPart->nExpr;
-    int regNewPart = reg + pMWin->nBufferCol;
-    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pPart, 0, 0);
+    int addrEq = 0;
+    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = 0;
 
-    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Compare, regNewPart, pMWin->regPart,nPart);
-    sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, (void*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, addr+2, addr+4, addr+2);
-    VdbeCoverageEqNe(v);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Copy, regNewPart, pMWin->regPart, nPart-1);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regFlushPart, lblFlushPart);
-    VdbeComment((v, "call flush_partition"));
+    if( pMWin->pOrderBy ){
+      pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pMWin->pOrderBy, 0, 0);
+    }
+    if( pMWin->eExclude==TK_TIES ){
+      addrEq = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, regCRowid, 0, regRowid);
+      VdbeCoverageNeverNull(v);
+    }
+    if( pKeyInfo ){
+      windowReadPeerValues(p, csr, regPeer);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Compare, regPeer, regCPeer, nPeer);
+      sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, (void*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
+      addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1;
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, addr, lblNext, addr);
+      VdbeCoverageEqNe(v);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, lblNext);
+    }
+    if( addrEq ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrEq);
   }
 
-  /* Buffer the current row in the ephemeral table. */
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, pMWin->iEphCsr, regRowid);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, pMWin->iEphCsr, regRecord, regRowid);
+  windowAggStep(p, pMWin, csr, 0, p->regArg);
 
-  /* End of the input loop */
-  sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
+  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lblNext);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, csr, addrNext);
+  VdbeCoverage(v);
+  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrNext-1);
+  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrNext+1);
+  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRowid);
+  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regCRowid);
+  if( nPeer ){
+    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regPeer, nPeer);
+    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regCPeer, nPeer);
+  }
 
-  /* Invoke "flush_partition" to deal with the final (or only) partition */
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regFlushPart, lblFlushPart);
-  VdbeComment((v, "call flush_partition"));
+  windowAggFinal(p, 1);
+  VdbeModuleComment((v, "windowFullScan end"));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -144967,110 +153660,74 @@ static void windowPartitionCache(
 **   lag()
 **   lead()
 */
-static void windowReturnOneRow(
-  Parse *pParse,
-  Window *pMWin,
-  int regGosub,
-  int addrGosub
-){
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  Window *pWin;
-  for(pWin=pMWin; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
-    FuncDef *pFunc = pWin->pFunc;
-    if( pFunc->zName==nth_valueName
-     || pFunc->zName==first_valueName
-    ){
-      int csr = pWin->csrApp;
-      int lbl = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      int tmpReg = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, pWin->regResult);
+static void windowReturnOneRow(WindowCodeArg *p){
+  Window *pMWin = p->pMWin;
+  Vdbe *v = p->pVdbe;
 
-      if( pFunc->zName==nth_valueName ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pMWin->iEphCsr, pWin->iArgCol+1,tmpReg);
-        windowCheckIntValue(pParse, tmpReg, 2);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, tmpReg);
-      }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Add, tmpReg, pWin->regApp, tmpReg);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Gt, pWin->regApp+1, lbl, tmpReg);
-      VdbeCoverageNeverNull(v);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SeekRowid, csr, 0, tmpReg);
-      VdbeCoverageNeverTaken(v);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, csr, pWin->iArgCol, pWin->regResult);
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lbl);
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, tmpReg);
-    }
-    else if( pFunc->zName==leadName || pFunc->zName==lagName ){
-      int nArg = pWin->pOwner->x.pList->nExpr;
-      int iEph = pMWin->iEphCsr;
-      int csr = pWin->csrApp;
-      int lbl = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      int tmpReg = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-
-      if( nArg<3 ){
+  if( pMWin->regStartRowid ){
+    windowFullScan(p);
+  }else{
+    Parse *pParse = p->pParse;
+    Window *pWin;
+
+    for(pWin=pMWin; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
+      FuncDef *pFunc = pWin->pFunc;
+      if( pFunc->zName==nth_valueName
+       || pFunc->zName==first_valueName
+      ){
+        int csr = pWin->csrApp;
+        int lbl = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+        int tmpReg = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, pWin->regResult);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iEph, pWin->iArgCol+2, pWin->regResult);
-      }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iEph, tmpReg);
-      if( nArg<2 ){
-        int val = (pFunc->zName==leadName ? 1 : -1);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, tmpReg, val);
-      }else{
-        int op = (pFunc->zName==leadName ? OP_Add : OP_Subtract);
-        int tmpReg2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iEph, pWin->iArgCol+1, tmpReg2);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, op, tmpReg2, tmpReg, tmpReg);
-        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, tmpReg2);
-      }
 
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SeekRowid, csr, lbl, tmpReg);
-      VdbeCoverage(v);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, csr, pWin->iArgCol, pWin->regResult);
-      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lbl);
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, tmpReg);
-    }
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regGosub, addrGosub);
-}
+        if( pFunc->zName==nth_valueName ){
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column,pMWin->iEphCsr,pWin->iArgCol+1,tmpReg);
+          windowCheckValue(pParse, tmpReg, 2);
+        }else{
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, tmpReg);
+        }
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Add, tmpReg, pWin->regApp, tmpReg);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Gt, pWin->regApp+1, lbl, tmpReg);
+        VdbeCoverageNeverNull(v);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SeekRowid, csr, 0, tmpReg);
+        VdbeCoverageNeverTaken(v);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, csr, pWin->iArgCol, pWin->regResult);
+        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lbl);
+        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, tmpReg);
+      }
+      else if( pFunc->zName==leadName || pFunc->zName==lagName ){
+        int nArg = pWin->pOwner->x.pList->nExpr;
+        int csr = pWin->csrApp;
+        int lbl = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+        int tmpReg = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+        int iEph = pMWin->iEphCsr;
+
+        if( nArg<3 ){
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, pWin->regResult);
+        }else{
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iEph,pWin->iArgCol+2,pWin->regResult);
+        }
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iEph, tmpReg);
+        if( nArg<2 ){
+          int val = (pFunc->zName==leadName ? 1 : -1);
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, tmpReg, val);
+        }else{
+          int op = (pFunc->zName==leadName ? OP_Add : OP_Subtract);
+          int tmpReg2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iEph, pWin->iArgCol+1, tmpReg2);
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, op, tmpReg2, tmpReg, tmpReg);
+          sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, tmpReg2);
+        }
 
-/*
-** Invoke the code generated by windowReturnOneRow() and, optionally, the
-** xInverse() function for each window function, for one or more rows
-** from the Window.iEphCsr temp table. This routine generates VM code
-** similar to:
-**
-**   while( regCtr>0 ){
-**     regCtr--;
-**     windowReturnOneRow()
-**     if( bInverse ){
-**       AggInverse
-**     }
-**     Next (Window.iEphCsr)
-**   }
-*/
-static void windowReturnRows(
-  Parse *pParse,
-  Window *pMWin,                  /* List of window functions */
-  int regCtr,                     /* Register containing number of rows */
-  int regGosub,                   /* Register for Gosub addrGosub */
-  int addrGosub,                  /* Address of sub-routine for ReturnOneRow */
-  int regInvArg,                  /* Array of registers for xInverse args */
-  int regInvSize                  /* Register containing size of partition */
-){
-  int addr;
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  windowAggFinal(pParse, pMWin, 0);
-  addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfPos, regCtr, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2 ,1);
-  VdbeCoverage(v);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, 0);
-  windowReturnOneRow(pParse, pMWin, regGosub, addrGosub);
-  if( regInvArg ){
-    windowAggStep(pParse, pMWin, pMWin->iEphCsr, 1, regInvArg, regInvSize);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SeekRowid, csr, lbl, tmpReg);
+        VdbeCoverage(v);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, csr, pWin->iArgCol, pWin->regResult);
+        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lbl);
+        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, tmpReg);
+      }
+    }
   }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pMWin->iEphCsr, addr);
-  VdbeCoverage(v);
-  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr+1);   /* The OP_Goto */
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, p->regGosub, p->addrGosub);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -145086,19 +153743,20 @@ static int windowInitAccum(Parse *pParse, Window *pMWin){
   Window *pWin;
   for(pWin=pMWin; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
     FuncDef *pFunc = pWin->pFunc;
+    assert( pWin->regAccum );
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, pWin->regAccum);
     nArg = MAX(nArg, windowArgCount(pWin));
-    if( pFunc->zName==nth_valueName
-     || pFunc->zName==first_valueName
-    ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pWin->regApp);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pWin->regApp+1);
-    }
+    if( pMWin->regStartRowid==0 ){
+      if( pFunc->zName==nth_valueName || pFunc->zName==first_valueName ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pWin->regApp);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pWin->regApp+1);
+      }
 
-    if( (pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX) && pWin->csrApp ){
-      assert( pWin->eStart!=TK_UNBOUNDED );
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_ResetSorter, pWin->csrApp);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pWin->regApp+1);
+      if( (pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX) && pWin->csrApp ){
+        assert( pWin->eStart!=TK_UNBOUNDED );
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_ResetSorter, pWin->csrApp);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pWin->regApp+1);
+      }
     }
   }
   regArg = pParse->nMem+1;
@@ -145106,672 +153764,343 @@ static int windowInitAccum(Parse *pParse, Window *pMWin){
   return regArg;
 }
 
+/*
+** Return true if the current frame should be cached in the ephemeral table,
+** even if there are no xInverse() calls required.
+*/
+static int windowCacheFrame(Window *pMWin){
+  Window *pWin;
+  if( pMWin->regStartRowid ) return 1;
+  for(pWin=pMWin; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
+    FuncDef *pFunc = pWin->pFunc;
+    if( (pFunc->zName==nth_valueName)
+     || (pFunc->zName==first_valueName)
+     || (pFunc->zName==leadName)
+     || (pFunc->zName==lagName)
+    ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
 
 /*
-** This function does the work of sqlite3WindowCodeStep() for all "ROWS"
-** window frame types except for "BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT
-** ROW". Pseudo-code for each follows.
-**
-** ROWS BETWEEN <expr1> PRECEDING AND <expr2> FOLLOWING
-**
-**     ...
-**       if( new partition ){
-**         Gosub flush_partition
-**       }
-**       Insert (record in eph-table)
-**     sqlite3WhereEnd()
-**     Gosub flush_partition
-**  
-**   flush_partition:
-**     Once {
-**       OpenDup (iEphCsr -> csrStart)
-**       OpenDup (iEphCsr -> csrEnd)
-**     }
-**     regStart = <expr1>                // PRECEDING expression
-**     regEnd = <expr2>                  // FOLLOWING expression
-**     if( regStart<0 || regEnd<0 ){ error! }
-**     Rewind (csr,csrStart,csrEnd)      // if EOF goto flush_partition_done
-**       Next(csrEnd)                    // if EOF skip Aggstep
-**       Aggstep (csrEnd)
-**       if( (regEnd--)<=0 ){
-**         AggFinal (xValue)
-**         Gosub addrGosub
-**         Next(csr)                // if EOF goto flush_partition_done
-**         if( (regStart--)<=0 ){
-**           AggInverse (csrStart)
-**           Next(csrStart)
-**         }
-**       }
-**   flush_partition_done:
-**     ResetSorter (csr)
-**     Return
-**
-** ROWS BETWEEN <expr> PRECEDING    AND CURRENT ROW
-** ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW         AND <expr> FOLLOWING
-** ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND <expr> FOLLOWING
-**
-**   These are similar to the above. For "CURRENT ROW", intialize the
-**   register to 0. For "UNBOUNDED PRECEDING" to infinity.
-**
-** ROWS BETWEEN <expr> PRECEDING    AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
-** ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW         AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
-**
-**     Rewind (csr,csrStart,csrEnd)    // if EOF goto flush_partition_done
-**     while( 1 ){
-**       Next(csrEnd)                  // Exit while(1) at EOF
-**       Aggstep (csrEnd)
-**     }
-**     while( 1 ){
-**       AggFinal (xValue)
-**       Gosub addrGosub
-**       Next(csr)                     // if EOF goto flush_partition_done
-**       if( (regStart--)<=0 ){
-**         AggInverse (csrStart)
-**         Next(csrStart)
-**       }
-**     }
-**
-**   For the "CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING" case, the final if() 
-**   condition is always true (as if regStart were initialized to 0).
-**
-** RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
-** 
-**   This is the only RANGE case handled by this routine. It modifies the
-**   second while( 1 ) loop in "ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ... UNBOUNDED..." to
-**   be:
-**
-**     while( 1 ){
-**       AggFinal (xValue)
-**       while( 1 ){
-**         regPeer++
-**         Gosub addrGosub
-**         Next(csr)                     // if EOF goto flush_partition_done
-**         if( new peer ) break;
-**       }
-**       while( (regPeer--)>0 ){
-**         AggInverse (csrStart)
-**         Next(csrStart)
-**       }
-**     }
-**
-** ROWS BETWEEN <expr> FOLLOWING    AND <expr> FOLLOWING
-**
-**   regEnd = regEnd - regStart
-**   Rewind (csr,csrStart,csrEnd)   // if EOF goto flush_partition_done
-**     Aggstep (csrEnd)
-**     Next(csrEnd)                 // if EOF fall-through
-**     if( (regEnd--)<=0 ){
-**       if( (regStart--)<=0 ){
-**         AggFinal (xValue)
-**         Gosub addrGosub
-**         Next(csr)              // if EOF goto flush_partition_done
-**       }
-**       AggInverse (csrStart)
-**       Next (csrStart)
-**     }
-**
-** ROWS BETWEEN <expr> PRECEDING    AND <expr> PRECEDING
-**
-**   Replace the bit after "Rewind" in the above with:
-**
-**     if( (regEnd--)<=0 ){
-**       AggStep (csrEnd)
-**       Next (csrEnd)
-**     }
-**     AggFinal (xValue)
-**     Gosub addrGosub
-**     Next(csr)                  // if EOF goto flush_partition_done
-**     if( (regStart--)<=0 ){
-**       AggInverse (csr2)
-**       Next (csr2)
-**     }
+** regOld and regNew are each the first register in an array of size
+** pOrderBy->nExpr. This function generates code to compare the two
+** arrays of registers using the collation sequences and other comparison
+** parameters specified by pOrderBy.
 **
+** If the two arrays are not equal, the contents of regNew is copied to
+** regOld and control falls through. Otherwise, if the contents of the arrays
+** are equal, an OP_Goto is executed. The address of the OP_Goto is returned.
 */
-static void windowCodeRowExprStep(
-  Parse *pParse, 
-  Select *p,
-  WhereInfo *pWInfo,
-  int regGosub, 
-  int addrGosub
+static void windowIfNewPeer(
+  Parse *pParse,
+  ExprList *pOrderBy,
+  int regNew,                     /* First in array of new values */
+  int regOld,                     /* First in array of old values */
+  int addr                        /* Jump here */
 ){
-  Window *pMWin = p->pWin;
   Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  int regFlushPart;               /* Register for "Gosub flush_partition" */
-  int lblFlushPart;               /* Label for "Gosub flush_partition" */
-  int lblFlushDone;               /* Label for "Gosub flush_partition_done" */
-
-  int regArg;
-  int addr;
-  int csrStart = pParse->nTab++;
-  int csrEnd = pParse->nTab++;
-  int regStart;                    /* Value of <expr> PRECEDING */
-  int regEnd;                      /* Value of <expr> FOLLOWING */
-  int addrGoto;
-  int addrTop;
-  int addrIfPos1 = 0;
-  int addrIfPos2 = 0;
-  int regSize = 0;
-
-  assert( pMWin->eStart==TK_PRECEDING 
-       || pMWin->eStart==TK_CURRENT 
-       || pMWin->eStart==TK_FOLLOWING 
-       || pMWin->eStart==TK_UNBOUNDED 
-  );
-  assert( pMWin->eEnd==TK_FOLLOWING 
-       || pMWin->eEnd==TK_CURRENT 
-       || pMWin->eEnd==TK_UNBOUNDED 
-       || pMWin->eEnd==TK_PRECEDING 
-  );
-
-  /* Allocate register and label for the "flush_partition" sub-routine. */
-  regFlushPart = ++pParse->nMem;
-  lblFlushPart = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-  lblFlushDone = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-
-  regStart = ++pParse->nMem;
-  regEnd = ++pParse->nMem;
-
-  windowPartitionCache(pParse, p, pWInfo, regFlushPart, lblFlushPart, &regSize);
-
-  addrGoto = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
-
-  /* Start of "flush_partition" */
-  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lblFlushPart);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Once, 0, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+3);
-  VdbeCoverage(v);
-  VdbeComment((v, "Flush_partition subroutine"));
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, csrStart, pMWin->iEphCsr);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, csrEnd, pMWin->iEphCsr);
-
-  /* If either regStart or regEnd are not non-negative integers, throw 
-  ** an exception.  */
-  if( pMWin->pStart ){
-    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pMWin->pStart, regStart);
-    windowCheckIntValue(pParse, regStart, 0);
-  }
-  if( pMWin->pEnd ){
-    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pMWin->pEnd, regEnd);
-    windowCheckIntValue(pParse, regEnd, 1);
-  }
-
-  /* If this is "ROWS <expr1> FOLLOWING AND ROWS <expr2> FOLLOWING", do:
-  **
-  **   if( regEnd<regStart ){
-  **     // The frame always consists of 0 rows
-  **     regStart = regSize;
-  **   }
-  **   regEnd = regEnd - regStart;
-  */
-  if( pMWin->pEnd && pMWin->eStart==TK_FOLLOWING ){
-    assert( pMWin->pStart!=0 );
-    assert( pMWin->eEnd==TK_FOLLOWING );
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ge, regStart, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2, regEnd);
-    VdbeCoverageNeverNull(v);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, regSize, regStart);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Subtract, regStart, regEnd, regEnd);
-  }
-
-  if( pMWin->pStart && pMWin->eEnd==TK_PRECEDING ){
-    assert( pMWin->pEnd!=0 );
-    assert( pMWin->eStart==TK_PRECEDING );
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Le, regStart, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+3, regEnd);
-    VdbeCoverageNeverNull(v);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, regSize, regStart);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, regSize, regEnd);
-  }
-
-  /* Initialize the accumulator register for each window function to NULL */
-  regArg = windowInitAccum(pParse, pMWin);
-
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, pMWin->iEphCsr, lblFlushDone);
-  VdbeCoverage(v);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, csrStart, lblFlushDone);
-  VdbeCoverageNeverTaken(v);
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, csrEnd, lblFlushDone);
-  VdbeCoverageNeverTaken(v);
-  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);
-
-  /* Invoke AggStep function for each window function using the row that
-  ** csrEnd currently points to. Or, if csrEnd is already at EOF,
-  ** do nothing.  */
-  addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-  if( pMWin->eEnd==TK_PRECEDING ){
-    addrIfPos1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfPos, regEnd, 0 , 1);
-    VdbeCoverage(v);
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, csrEnd, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
-  VdbeCoverage(v);
-  addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
-  windowAggStep(pParse, pMWin, csrEnd, 0, regArg, regSize);
-  if( pMWin->eEnd==TK_UNBOUNDED ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrTop);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-    addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+  if( pOrderBy ){
+    int nVal = pOrderBy->nExpr;
+    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pOrderBy, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Compare, regOld, regNew, nVal);
+    sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, (void*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump,
+      sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1, addr, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1
+    );
+    VdbeCoverageEqNe(v);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Copy, regNew, regOld, nVal-1);
   }else{
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-    if( pMWin->eEnd==TK_PRECEDING ){
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrIfPos1);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if( pMWin->eEnd==TK_FOLLOWING ){
-    addrIfPos1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfPos, regEnd, 0 , 1);
-    VdbeCoverage(v);
-  }
-  if( pMWin->eStart==TK_FOLLOWING ){
-    addrIfPos2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfPos, regStart, 0 , 1);
-    VdbeCoverage(v);
-  }
-  windowAggFinal(pParse, pMWin, 0);
-  windowReturnOneRow(pParse, pMWin, regGosub, addrGosub);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pMWin->iEphCsr, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
-  VdbeCoverage(v);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, lblFlushDone);
-  if( pMWin->eStart==TK_FOLLOWING ){
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrIfPos2);
-  }
-
-  if( pMWin->eStart==TK_CURRENT 
-   || pMWin->eStart==TK_PRECEDING 
-   || pMWin->eStart==TK_FOLLOWING 
-  ){
-    int lblSkipInverse = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);;
-    if( pMWin->eStart==TK_PRECEDING ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfPos, regStart, lblSkipInverse, 1);
-      VdbeCoverage(v);
-    }
-    if( pMWin->eStart==TK_FOLLOWING ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, csrStart, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
-      VdbeCoverage(v);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, lblSkipInverse);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, csrStart, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1);
-      VdbeCoverageAlwaysTaken(v);
-    }
-    windowAggStep(pParse, pMWin, csrStart, 1, regArg, regSize);
-    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lblSkipInverse);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addr);
   }
-  if( pMWin->eEnd==TK_FOLLOWING ){
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrIfPos1);
-  }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrTop);
-
-  /* flush_partition_done: */
-  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lblFlushDone);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_ResetSorter, pMWin->iEphCsr);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regFlushPart);
-  VdbeComment((v, "end flush_partition subroutine"));
-
-  /* Jump to here to skip over flush_partition */
-  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrGoto);
 }
 
 /*
-** This function does the work of sqlite3WindowCodeStep() for cases that
-** would normally be handled by windowCodeDefaultStep() when there are
-** one or more built-in window-functions that require the entire partition
-** to be cached in a temp table before any rows can be returned. Additionally.
-** "RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING" is always handled by
-** this function.
-**
-** Pseudo-code corresponding to the VM code generated by this function
-** for each type of window follows.
-**
-** RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
-**
-**   flush_partition:
-**     Once {
-**       OpenDup (iEphCsr -> csrLead)
-**     }
-**     Integer ctr 0
-**     foreach row (csrLead){
-**       if( new peer ){
-**         AggFinal (xValue)
-**         for(i=0; i<ctr; i++){
-**           Gosub addrGosub
-**           Next iEphCsr
-**         }
-**         Integer ctr 0
-**       }
-**       AggStep (csrLead)
-**       Incr ctr
-**     }
-**
-**     AggFinal (xFinalize)
-**     for(i=0; i<ctr; i++){
-**       Gosub addrGosub
-**       Next iEphCsr
-**     }
-**
-**     ResetSorter (csr)
-**     Return
-**
-** ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
-**
-**   As above, except that the "if( new peer )" branch is always taken.
-**
-** RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND CURRENT ROW 
-**
-**   As above, except that each of the for() loops becomes:
-**
-**         for(i=0; i<ctr; i++){
-**           Gosub addrGosub
-**           AggInverse (iEphCsr)
-**           Next iEphCsr
-**         }
+** This function is called as part of generating VM programs for RANGE
+** offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING frame boundaries. Assuming "ASC" order for
+** the ORDER BY term in the window, and that argument op is OP_Ge, it generates
+** code equivalent to:
 **
-** RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+**   if( csr1.peerVal + regVal >= csr2.peerVal ) goto lbl;
 **
-**   flush_partition:
-**     Once {
-**       OpenDup (iEphCsr -> csrLead)
-**     }
-**     foreach row (csrLead) {
-**       AggStep (csrLead)
-**     }
-**     foreach row (iEphCsr) {
-**       Gosub addrGosub
-**     }
-** 
-** RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+** The value of parameter op may also be OP_Gt or OP_Le. In these cases the
+** operator in the above pseudo-code is replaced with ">" or "<=", respectively.
 **
-**   flush_partition:
-**     Once {
-**       OpenDup (iEphCsr -> csrLead)
-**     }
-**     foreach row (csrLead){
-**       AggStep (csrLead)
-**     }
-**     Rewind (csrLead)
-**     Integer ctr 0
-**     foreach row (csrLead){
-**       if( new peer ){
-**         AggFinal (xValue)
-**         for(i=0; i<ctr; i++){
-**           Gosub addrGosub
-**           AggInverse (iEphCsr)
-**           Next iEphCsr
-**         }
-**         Integer ctr 0
-**       }
-**       Incr ctr
-**     }
+** If the sort-order for the ORDER BY term in the window is DESC, then the
+** comparison is reversed. Instead of adding regVal to csr1.peerVal, it is
+** subtracted. And the comparison operator is inverted to - ">=" becomes "<=",
+** ">" becomes "<", and so on. So, with DESC sort order, if the argument op
+** is OP_Ge, the generated code is equivalent to:
 **
-**     AggFinal (xFinalize)
-**     for(i=0; i<ctr; i++){
-**       Gosub addrGosub
-**       Next iEphCsr
-**     }
+**   if( csr1.peerVal - regVal <= csr2.peerVal ) goto lbl;
 **
-**     ResetSorter (csr)
-**     Return
+** A special type of arithmetic is used such that if csr1.peerVal is not
+** a numeric type (real or integer), then the result of the addition addition
+** or subtraction is a a copy of csr1.peerVal.
 */
-static void windowCodeCacheStep(
-  Parse *pParse, 
-  Select *p,
-  WhereInfo *pWInfo,
-  int regGosub, 
-  int addrGosub
+static void windowCodeRangeTest(
+  WindowCodeArg *p,
+  int op,                         /* OP_Ge, OP_Gt, or OP_Le */
+  int csr1,                       /* Cursor number for cursor 1 */
+  int regVal,                     /* Register containing non-negative number */
+  int csr2,                       /* Cursor number for cursor 2 */
+  int lbl                         /* Jump destination if condition is true */
 ){
-  Window *pMWin = p->pWin;
+  Parse *pParse = p->pParse;
   Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  int k;
-  int addr;
-  ExprList *pPart = pMWin->pPartition;
-  ExprList *pOrderBy = pMWin->pOrderBy;
-  int nPeer = pOrderBy ? pOrderBy->nExpr : 0;
-  int regNewPeer;
-
-  int addrGoto;                   /* Address of Goto used to jump flush_par.. */
-  int addrNext;                   /* Jump here for next iteration of loop */
-  int regFlushPart;
-  int lblFlushPart;
-  int csrLead;
-  int regCtr;
-  int regArg;                     /* Register array to martial function args */
-  int regSize;
-  int lblEmpty;
-  int bReverse = pMWin->pOrderBy && pMWin->eStart==TK_CURRENT 
-          && pMWin->eEnd==TK_UNBOUNDED;
-
-  assert( (pMWin->eStart==TK_UNBOUNDED && pMWin->eEnd==TK_CURRENT) 
-       || (pMWin->eStart==TK_UNBOUNDED && pMWin->eEnd==TK_UNBOUNDED) 
-       || (pMWin->eStart==TK_CURRENT && pMWin->eEnd==TK_CURRENT) 
-       || (pMWin->eStart==TK_CURRENT && pMWin->eEnd==TK_UNBOUNDED) 
-  );
-
-  lblEmpty = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-  regNewPeer = pParse->nMem+1;
-  pParse->nMem += nPeer;
-
-  /* Allocate register and label for the "flush_partition" sub-routine. */
-  regFlushPart = ++pParse->nMem;
-  lblFlushPart = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-
-  csrLead = pParse->nTab++;
-  regCtr = ++pParse->nMem;
-
-  windowPartitionCache(pParse, p, pWInfo, regFlushPart, lblFlushPart, &regSize);
-  addrGoto = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
+  ExprList *pOrderBy = p->pMWin->pOrderBy;  /* ORDER BY clause for window */
+  int reg1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);     /* Reg. for csr1.peerVal+regVal */
+  int reg2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);     /* Reg. for csr2.peerVal */
+  int regString = ++pParse->nMem;           /* Reg. for constant value '' */
+  int arith = OP_Add;                       /* OP_Add or OP_Subtract */
+  int addrGe;                               /* Jump destination */
+
+  assert( op==OP_Ge || op==OP_Gt || op==OP_Le );
+  assert( pOrderBy && pOrderBy->nExpr==1 );
+  if( pOrderBy->a[0].sortFlags & KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC ){
+    switch( op ){
+      case OP_Ge: op = OP_Le; break;
+      case OP_Gt: op = OP_Lt; break;
+      default: assert( op==OP_Le ); op = OP_Ge; break;
+    }
+    arith = OP_Subtract;
+  }
 
-  /* Start of "flush_partition" */
-  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lblFlushPart);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Once, 0, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
-  VdbeCoverage(v);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, csrLead, pMWin->iEphCsr);
+  /* Read the peer-value from each cursor into a register */
+  windowReadPeerValues(p, csr1, reg1);
+  windowReadPeerValues(p, csr2, reg2);
 
-  /* Initialize the accumulator register for each window function to NULL */
-  regArg = windowInitAccum(pParse, pMWin);
+  VdbeModuleComment((v, "CodeRangeTest: if( R%d %s R%d %s R%d ) goto lbl",
+      reg1, (arith==OP_Add ? "+" : "-"), regVal,
+      ((op==OP_Ge) ? ">=" : (op==OP_Le) ? "<=" : (op==OP_Gt) ? ">" : "<"), reg2
+  ));
 
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regCtr);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, csrLead, lblEmpty);
+  /* Register reg1 currently contains csr1.peerVal (the peer-value from csr1).
+  ** This block adds (or subtracts for DESC) the numeric value in regVal
+  ** from it. Or, if reg1 is not numeric (it is a NULL, a text value or a blob),
+  ** then leave reg1 as it is. In pseudo-code, this is implemented as:
+  **
+  **   if( reg1>='' ) goto addrGe;
+  **   reg1 = reg1 +/- regVal
+  **   addrGe:
+  **
+  ** Since all strings and blobs are greater-than-or-equal-to an empty string,
+  ** the add/subtract is skipped for these, as required. If reg1 is a NULL,
+  ** then the arithmetic is performed, but since adding or subtracting from
+  ** NULL is always NULL anyway, this case is handled as required too.  */
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, regString, 0, "", P4_STATIC);
+  addrGe = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ge, regString, 0, reg1);
   VdbeCoverage(v);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, pMWin->iEphCsr, lblEmpty);
-  VdbeCoverageNeverTaken(v);
-
-  if( bReverse ){
-    int addr2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-    windowAggStep(pParse, pMWin, csrLead, 0, regArg, regSize);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, csrLead, addr2);
-    VdbeCoverage(v);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, csrLead, lblEmpty);
-    VdbeCoverageNeverTaken(v);
-  }
-  addrNext = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-
-  if( pOrderBy && (pMWin->eEnd==TK_CURRENT || pMWin->eStart==TK_CURRENT) ){
-    int bCurrent = (pMWin->eStart==TK_CURRENT);
-    int addrJump = 0;             /* Address of OP_Jump below */
-    if( pMWin->eType==TK_RANGE ){
-      int iOff = pMWin->nBufferCol + (pPart ? pPart->nExpr : 0);
-      int regPeer = pMWin->regPart + (pPart ? pPart->nExpr : 0);
-      KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pOrderBy, 0, 0);
-      for(k=0; k<nPeer; k++){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, csrLead, iOff+k, regNewPeer+k);
-      }
-      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Compare, regNewPeer, regPeer, nPeer);
-      sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, (void*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
-      addrJump = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, addr+2, 0, addr+2);
-      VdbeCoverage(v);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Copy, regNewPeer, regPeer, nPeer-1);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, arith, regVal, reg1, reg1);
+  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrGe);
+
+  /* If the BIGNULL flag is set for the ORDER BY, then it is required to
+  ** consider NULL values to be larger than all other values, instead of
+  ** the usual smaller. The VDBE opcodes OP_Ge and so on do not handle this
+  ** (and adding that capability causes a performance regression), so
+  ** instead if the BIGNULL flag is set then cases where either reg1 or
+  ** reg2 are NULL are handled separately in the following block. The code
+  ** generated is equivalent to:
+  **
+  **   if( reg1 IS NULL ){
+  **     if( op==OP_Ge ) goto lbl;
+  **     if( op==OP_Gt && reg2 IS NOT NULL ) goto lbl;
+  **     if( op==OP_Le && reg2 IS NULL ) goto lbl;
+  **   }else if( reg2 IS NULL ){
+  **     if( op==OP_Le ) goto lbl;
+  **   }
+  **
+  ** Additionally, if either reg1 or reg2 are NULL but the jump to lbl is
+  ** not taken, control jumps over the comparison operator coded below this
+  ** block.  */
+  if( pOrderBy->a[0].sortFlags & KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL ){
+    /* This block runs if reg1 contains a NULL. */
+    int addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, reg1); VdbeCoverage(v);
+    switch( op ){
+      case OP_Ge:
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, lbl);
+        break;
+      case OP_Gt:
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NotNull, reg2, lbl);
+        VdbeCoverage(v);
+        break;
+      case OP_Le:
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, reg2, lbl);
+        VdbeCoverage(v);
+        break;
+      default: assert( op==OP_Lt ); /* no-op */ break;
     }
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+3);
 
-    windowReturnRows(pParse, pMWin, regCtr, regGosub, addrGosub, 
-        (bCurrent ? regArg : 0), (bCurrent ? regSize : 0)
-    );
-    if( addrJump ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrJump);
-  }
-
-  if( bReverse==0 ){
-    windowAggStep(pParse, pMWin, csrLead, 0, regArg, regSize);
+    /* This block runs if reg1 is not NULL, but reg2 is. */
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, reg2, lbl); VdbeCoverage(v);
+    if( op==OP_Gt || op==OP_Ge ){
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, -1, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1);
+    }
   }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regCtr, 1);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, csrLead, addrNext);
-  VdbeCoverage(v);
 
-  windowReturnRows(pParse, pMWin, regCtr, regGosub, addrGosub, 0, 0);
+  /* Compare registers reg2 and reg1, taking the jump if required. Note that
+  ** control skips over this test if the BIGNULL flag is set and either
+  ** reg1 or reg2 contain a NULL value.  */
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, op, reg2, lbl, reg1); VdbeCoverage(v);
+  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_NULLEQ);
 
-  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lblEmpty);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_ResetSorter, pMWin->iEphCsr);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regFlushPart);
+  assert( op==OP_Ge || op==OP_Gt || op==OP_Lt || op==OP_Le );
+  testcase(op==OP_Ge); VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Ge);
+  testcase(op==OP_Lt); VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Lt);
+  testcase(op==OP_Le); VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Le);
+  testcase(op==OP_Gt); VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Gt);
+  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, reg1);
+  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, reg2);
 
-  /* Jump to here to skip over flush_partition */
-  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrGoto);
+  VdbeModuleComment((v, "CodeRangeTest: end"));
 }
 
-
 /*
-** RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
-**
-**   ...
-**     if( new partition ){
-**       AggFinal (xFinalize)
-**       Gosub addrGosub
-**       ResetSorter eph-table
-**     }
-**     else if( new peer ){
-**       AggFinal (xValue)
-**       Gosub addrGosub
-**       ResetSorter eph-table
-**     }
-**     AggStep
-**     Insert (record into eph-table)
-**   sqlite3WhereEnd()
-**   AggFinal (xFinalize)
-**   Gosub addrGosub
-**
-** RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
-**
-**   As above, except take no action for a "new peer". Invoke
-**   the sub-routine once only for each partition.
-**
-** RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND CURRENT ROW
-**
-**   As above, except that the "new peer" condition is handled in the
-**   same way as "new partition" (so there is no "else if" block).
-**
-** ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
-** 
-**   As above, except assume every row is a "new peer".
+** Helper function for sqlite3WindowCodeStep(). Each call to this function
+** generates VM code for a single RETURN_ROW, AGGSTEP or AGGINVERSE
+** operation. Refer to the header comment for sqlite3WindowCodeStep() for
+** details.
 */
-static void windowCodeDefaultStep(
-  Parse *pParse, 
-  Select *p,
-  WhereInfo *pWInfo,
-  int regGosub, 
-  int addrGosub
+static int windowCodeOp(
+ WindowCodeArg *p,                /* Context object */
+ int op,                          /* WINDOW_RETURN_ROW, AGGSTEP or AGGINVERSE */
+ int regCountdown,                /* Register for OP_IfPos countdown */
+ int jumpOnEof                    /* Jump here if stepped cursor reaches EOF */
 ){
-  Window *pMWin = p->pWin;
-  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  int k;
-  int iSubCsr = p->pSrc->a[0].iCursor;
-  int nSub = p->pSrc->a[0].pTab->nCol;
-  int reg = pParse->nMem+1;
-  int regRecord = reg+nSub;
-  int regRowid = regRecord+1;
-  int addr;
-  ExprList *pPart = pMWin->pPartition;
-  ExprList *pOrderBy = pMWin->pOrderBy;
+  int csr, reg;
+  Parse *pParse = p->pParse;
+  Window *pMWin = p->pMWin;
+  int ret = 0;
+  Vdbe *v = p->pVdbe;
+  int addrContinue = 0;
+  int bPeer = (pMWin->eFrmType!=TK_ROWS);
 
-  assert( pMWin->eType==TK_RANGE 
-      || (pMWin->eStart==TK_UNBOUNDED && pMWin->eEnd==TK_CURRENT)
-  );
+  int lblDone = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+  int addrNextRange = 0;
 
-  assert( (pMWin->eStart==TK_UNBOUNDED && pMWin->eEnd==TK_CURRENT)
-       || (pMWin->eStart==TK_UNBOUNDED && pMWin->eEnd==TK_UNBOUNDED)
-       || (pMWin->eStart==TK_CURRENT && pMWin->eEnd==TK_CURRENT)
-       || (pMWin->eStart==TK_CURRENT && pMWin->eEnd==TK_UNBOUNDED && !pOrderBy)
-  );
+  /* Special case - WINDOW_AGGINVERSE is always a no-op if the frame
+  ** starts with UNBOUNDED PRECEDING. */
+  if( op==WINDOW_AGGINVERSE && pMWin->eStart==TK_UNBOUNDED ){
+    assert( regCountdown==0 && jumpOnEof==0 );
+    return 0;
+  }
 
-  if( pMWin->eEnd==TK_UNBOUNDED ){
-    pOrderBy = 0;
+  if( regCountdown>0 ){
+    if( pMWin->eFrmType==TK_RANGE ){
+      addrNextRange = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+      assert( op==WINDOW_AGGINVERSE || op==WINDOW_AGGSTEP );
+      if( op==WINDOW_AGGINVERSE ){
+        if( pMWin->eStart==TK_FOLLOWING ){
+          windowCodeRangeTest(
+              p, OP_Le, p->current.csr, regCountdown, p->start.csr, lblDone
+          );
+        }else{
+          windowCodeRangeTest(
+              p, OP_Ge, p->start.csr, regCountdown, p->current.csr, lblDone
+          );
+        }
+      }else{
+        windowCodeRangeTest(
+            p, OP_Gt, p->end.csr, regCountdown, p->current.csr, lblDone
+        );
+      }
+    }else{
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfPos, regCountdown, lblDone, 1);
+      VdbeCoverage(v);
+    }
   }
 
-  pParse->nMem += nSub + 2;
+  if( op==WINDOW_RETURN_ROW && pMWin->regStartRowid==0 ){
+    windowAggFinal(p, 0);
+  }
+  addrContinue = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
 
-  /* Load the individual column values of the row returned by
-  ** the sub-select into an array of registers. */
-  for(k=0; k<nSub; k++){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iSubCsr, k, reg+k);
+  /* If this is a (RANGE BETWEEN a FOLLOWING AND b FOLLOWING) or
+  ** (RANGE BETWEEN b PRECEDING AND a PRECEDING) frame, ensure the
+  ** start cursor does not advance past the end cursor within the
+  ** temporary table. It otherwise might, if (a>b).  */
+  if( pMWin->eStart==pMWin->eEnd && regCountdown
+   && pMWin->eFrmType==TK_RANGE && op==WINDOW_AGGINVERSE
+  ){
+    int regRowid1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+    int regRowid2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, p->start.csr, regRowid1);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, p->end.csr, regRowid2);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ge, regRowid2, lblDone, regRowid1);
+    VdbeCoverage(v);
+    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRowid1);
+    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRowid2);
+    assert( pMWin->eStart==TK_PRECEDING || pMWin->eStart==TK_FOLLOWING );
   }
 
-  /* Check if this is the start of a new partition or peer group. */
-  if( pPart || pOrderBy ){
-    int nPart = (pPart ? pPart->nExpr : 0);
-    int addrGoto = 0;
-    int addrJump = 0;
-    int nPeer = (pOrderBy ? pOrderBy->nExpr : 0);
+  switch( op ){
+    case WINDOW_RETURN_ROW:
+      csr = p->current.csr;
+      reg = p->current.reg;
+      windowReturnOneRow(p);
+      break;
 
-    if( pPart ){
-      int regNewPart = reg + pMWin->nBufferCol;
-      KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pPart, 0, 0);
-      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Compare, regNewPart, pMWin->regPart,nPart);
-      sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, (void*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
-      addrJump = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, addr+2, 0, addr+2);
-      VdbeCoverageEqNe(v);
-      windowAggFinal(pParse, pMWin, 1);
-      if( pOrderBy ){
-        addrGoto = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
+    case WINDOW_AGGINVERSE:
+      csr = p->start.csr;
+      reg = p->start.reg;
+      if( pMWin->regStartRowid ){
+        assert( pMWin->regEndRowid );
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, pMWin->regStartRowid, 1);
+      }else{
+        windowAggStep(p, pMWin, csr, 1, p->regArg);
       }
-    }
-
-    if( pOrderBy ){
-      int regNewPeer = reg + pMWin->nBufferCol + nPart;
-      int regPeer = pMWin->regPart + nPart;
+      break;
 
-      if( addrJump ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrJump);
-      if( pMWin->eType==TK_RANGE ){
-        KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pOrderBy, 0, 0);
-        addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Compare, regNewPeer, regPeer, nPeer);
-        sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, (void*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
-        addrJump = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, addr+2, 0, addr+2);
-        VdbeCoverage(v);
+    default:
+      assert( op==WINDOW_AGGSTEP );
+      csr = p->end.csr;
+      reg = p->end.reg;
+      if( pMWin->regStartRowid ){
+        assert( pMWin->regEndRowid );
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, pMWin->regEndRowid, 1);
       }else{
-        addrJump = 0;
+        windowAggStep(p, pMWin, csr, 0, p->regArg);
       }
-      windowAggFinal(pParse, pMWin, pMWin->eStart==TK_CURRENT);
-      if( addrGoto ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrGoto);
-    }
-
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, pMWin->iEphCsr,sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+3);
-    VdbeCoverage(v);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regGosub, addrGosub);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pMWin->iEphCsr, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-1);
-    VdbeCoverage(v);
-
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_ResetSorter, pMWin->iEphCsr);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(
-        v, OP_Copy, reg+pMWin->nBufferCol, pMWin->regPart, nPart+nPeer-1
-    );
-
-    if( addrJump ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrJump);
+      break;
   }
 
-  /* Invoke step function for window functions */
-  windowAggStep(pParse, pMWin, -1, 0, reg, 0);
+  if( op==p->eDelete ){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Delete, csr);
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION);
+  }
 
-  /* Buffer the current row in the ephemeral table. */
-  if( pMWin->nBufferCol>0 ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, reg, pMWin->nBufferCol, regRecord);
+  if( jumpOnEof ){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, csr, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
+    VdbeCoverage(v);
+    ret = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
   }else{
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Blob, 0, regRecord);
-    sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, (void*)"", 0);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, csr, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1+bPeer);
+    VdbeCoverage(v);
+    if( bPeer ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, lblDone);
+    }
   }
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, pMWin->iEphCsr, regRowid);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, pMWin->iEphCsr, regRecord, regRowid);
 
-  /* End the database scan loop. */
-  sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
+  if( bPeer ){
+    int nReg = (pMWin->pOrderBy ? pMWin->pOrderBy->nExpr : 0);
+    int regTmp = (nReg ? sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nReg) : 0);
+    windowReadPeerValues(p, csr, regTmp);
+    windowIfNewPeer(pParse, pMWin->pOrderBy, regTmp, reg, addrContinue);
+    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regTmp, nReg);
+  }
 
-  windowAggFinal(pParse, pMWin, 1);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, pMWin->iEphCsr,sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+3);
-  VdbeCoverage(v);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regGosub, addrGosub);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pMWin->iEphCsr, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-1);
-  VdbeCoverage(v);
+  if( addrNextRange ){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrNextRange);
+  }
+  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lblDone);
+  return ret;
 }
 
+
 /*
 ** Allocate and return a duplicate of the Window object indicated by the
 ** third argument. Set the Window.pOwner field of the new object to
@@ -145779,19 +154108,28 @@ static void windowCodeDefaultStep(
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Window *sqlite3WindowDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pOwner, Window *p){
   Window *pNew = 0;
-  if( p ){
+  if( ALWAYS(p) ){
     pNew = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Window));
     if( pNew ){
       pNew->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, p->zName);
+      pNew->zBase = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, p->zBase);
       pNew->pFilter = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pFilter, 0);
+      pNew->pFunc = p->pFunc;
       pNew->pPartition = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pPartition, 0);
       pNew->pOrderBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pOrderBy, 0);
-      pNew->eType = p->eType;
+      pNew->eFrmType = p->eFrmType;
       pNew->eEnd = p->eEnd;
       pNew->eStart = p->eStart;
+      pNew->eExclude = p->eExclude;
+      pNew->regResult = p->regResult;
+      pNew->regAccum = p->regAccum;
+      pNew->iArgCol = p->iArgCol;
+      pNew->iEphCsr = p->iEphCsr;
+      pNew->bExprArgs = p->bExprArgs;
       pNew->pStart = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pStart, 0);
       pNew->pEnd = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pEnd, 0);
       pNew->pOwner = pOwner;
+      pNew->bImplicitFrame = p->bImplicitFrame;
     }
   }
   return pNew;
@@ -145816,11 +154154,359 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Window *sqlite3WindowListDup(sqlite3 *db, Window *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** sqlite3WhereBegin() has already been called for the SELECT statement 
+** Return true if it can be determined at compile time that expression
+** pExpr evaluates to a value that, when cast to an integer, is greater
+** than zero. False otherwise.
+**
+** If an OOM error occurs, this function sets the Parse.db.mallocFailed
+** flag and returns zero.
+*/
+static int windowExprGtZero(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
+  int ret = 0;
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
+  sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db, pExpr, db->enc, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, &pVal);
+  if( pVal && sqlite3_value_int(pVal)>0 ){
+    ret = 1;
+  }
+  sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+** sqlite3WhereBegin() has already been called for the SELECT statement
 ** passed as the second argument when this function is invoked. It generates
-** code to populate the Window.regResult register for each window function and
-** invoke the sub-routine at instruction addrGosub once for each row.
-** This function calls sqlite3WhereEnd() before returning. 
+** code to populate the Window.regResult register for each window function
+** and invoke the sub-routine at instruction addrGosub once for each row.
+** sqlite3WhereEnd() is always called before returning.
+**
+** This function handles several different types of window frames, which
+** require slightly different processing. The following pseudo code is
+** used to implement window frames of the form:
+**
+**   ROWS BETWEEN <expr1> PRECEDING AND <expr2> FOLLOWING
+**
+** Other window frame types use variants of the following:
+**
+**     ... loop started by sqlite3WhereBegin() ...
+**       if( new partition ){
+**         Gosub flush
+**       }
+**       Insert new row into eph table.
+**
+**       if( first row of partition ){
+**         // Rewind three cursors, all open on the eph table.
+**         Rewind(csrEnd);
+**         Rewind(csrStart);
+**         Rewind(csrCurrent);
+**
+**         regEnd = <expr2>          // FOLLOWING expression
+**         regStart = <expr1>        // PRECEDING expression
+**       }else{
+**         // First time this branch is taken, the eph table contains two
+**         // rows. The first row in the partition, which all three cursors
+**         // currently point to, and the following row.
+**         AGGSTEP
+**         if( (regEnd--)<=0 ){
+**           RETURN_ROW
+**           if( (regStart--)<=0 ){
+**             AGGINVERSE
+**           }
+**         }
+**       }
+**     }
+**     flush:
+**       AGGSTEP
+**       while( 1 ){
+**         RETURN ROW
+**         if( csrCurrent is EOF ) break;
+**         if( (regStart--)<=0 ){
+**           AggInverse(csrStart)
+**           Next(csrStart)
+**         }
+**       }
+**
+** The pseudo-code above uses the following shorthand:
+**
+**   AGGSTEP:    invoke the aggregate xStep() function for each window function
+**               with arguments read from the current row of cursor csrEnd, then
+**               step cursor csrEnd forward one row (i.e. sqlite3BtreeNext()).
+**
+**   RETURN_ROW: return a row to the caller based on the contents of the
+**               current row of csrCurrent and the current state of all
+**               aggregates. Then step cursor csrCurrent forward one row.
+**
+**   AGGINVERSE: invoke the aggregate xInverse() function for each window
+**               functions with arguments read from the current row of cursor
+**               csrStart. Then step csrStart forward one row.
+**
+** There are two other ROWS window frames that are handled significantly
+** differently from the above - "BETWEEN <expr> PRECEDING AND <expr> PRECEDING"
+** and "BETWEEN <expr> FOLLOWING AND <expr> FOLLOWING". These are special
+** cases because they change the order in which the three cursors (csrStart,
+** csrCurrent and csrEnd) iterate through the ephemeral table. Cases that
+** use UNBOUNDED or CURRENT ROW are much simpler variations on one of these
+** three.
+**
+**   ROWS BETWEEN <expr1> PRECEDING AND <expr2> PRECEDING
+**
+**     ... loop started by sqlite3WhereBegin() ...
+**       if( new partition ){
+**         Gosub flush
+**       }
+**       Insert new row into eph table.
+**       if( first row of partition ){
+**         Rewind(csrEnd) ; Rewind(csrStart) ; Rewind(csrCurrent)
+**         regEnd = <expr2>
+**         regStart = <expr1>
+**       }else{
+**         if( (regEnd--)<=0 ){
+**           AGGSTEP
+**         }
+**         RETURN_ROW
+**         if( (regStart--)<=0 ){
+**           AGGINVERSE
+**         }
+**       }
+**     }
+**     flush:
+**       if( (regEnd--)<=0 ){
+**         AGGSTEP
+**       }
+**       RETURN_ROW
+**
+**
+**   ROWS BETWEEN <expr1> FOLLOWING AND <expr2> FOLLOWING
+**
+**     ... loop started by sqlite3WhereBegin() ...
+**     if( new partition ){
+**       Gosub flush
+**     }
+**     Insert new row into eph table.
+**     if( first row of partition ){
+**       Rewind(csrEnd) ; Rewind(csrStart) ; Rewind(csrCurrent)
+**       regEnd = <expr2>
+**       regStart = regEnd - <expr1>
+**     }else{
+**       AGGSTEP
+**       if( (regEnd--)<=0 ){
+**         RETURN_ROW
+**       }
+**       if( (regStart--)<=0 ){
+**         AGGINVERSE
+**       }
+**     }
+**   }
+**   flush:
+**     AGGSTEP
+**     while( 1 ){
+**       if( (regEnd--)<=0 ){
+**         RETURN_ROW
+**         if( eof ) break;
+**       }
+**       if( (regStart--)<=0 ){
+**         AGGINVERSE
+**         if( eof ) break
+**       }
+**     }
+**     while( !eof csrCurrent ){
+**       RETURN_ROW
+**     }
+**
+** For the most part, the patterns above are adapted to support UNBOUNDED by
+** assuming that it is equivalent to "infinity PRECEDING/FOLLOWING" and
+** CURRENT ROW by assuming that it is equivilent to "0 PRECEDING/FOLLOWING".
+** This is optimized of course - branches that will never be taken and
+** conditions that are always true are omitted from the VM code. The only
+** exceptional case is:
+**
+**   ROWS BETWEEN <expr1> FOLLOWING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+**
+**     ... loop started by sqlite3WhereBegin() ...
+**     if( new partition ){
+**       Gosub flush
+**     }
+**     Insert new row into eph table.
+**     if( first row of partition ){
+**       Rewind(csrEnd) ; Rewind(csrStart) ; Rewind(csrCurrent)
+**       regStart = <expr1>
+**     }else{
+**       AGGSTEP
+**     }
+**   }
+**   flush:
+**     AGGSTEP
+**     while( 1 ){
+**       if( (regStart--)<=0 ){
+**         AGGINVERSE
+**         if( eof ) break
+**       }
+**       RETURN_ROW
+**     }
+**     while( !eof csrCurrent ){
+**       RETURN_ROW
+**     }
+**
+** Also requiring special handling are the cases:
+**
+**   ROWS BETWEEN <expr1> PRECEDING AND <expr2> PRECEDING
+**   ROWS BETWEEN <expr1> FOLLOWING AND <expr2> FOLLOWING
+**
+** when (expr1 < expr2). This is detected at runtime, not by this function.
+** To handle this case, the pseudo-code programs depicted above are modified
+** slightly to be:
+**
+**     ... loop started by sqlite3WhereBegin() ...
+**     if( new partition ){
+**       Gosub flush
+**     }
+**     Insert new row into eph table.
+**     if( first row of partition ){
+**       Rewind(csrEnd) ; Rewind(csrStart) ; Rewind(csrCurrent)
+**       regEnd = <expr2>
+**       regStart = <expr1>
+**       if( regEnd < regStart ){
+**         RETURN_ROW
+**         delete eph table contents
+**         continue
+**       }
+**     ...
+**
+** The new "continue" statement in the above jumps to the next iteration
+** of the outer loop - the one started by sqlite3WhereBegin().
+**
+** The various GROUPS cases are implemented using the same patterns as
+** ROWS. The VM code is modified slightly so that:
+**
+**   1. The else branch in the main loop is only taken if the row just
+**      added to the ephemeral table is the start of a new group. In
+**      other words, it becomes:
+**
+**         ... loop started by sqlite3WhereBegin() ...
+**         if( new partition ){
+**           Gosub flush
+**         }
+**         Insert new row into eph table.
+**         if( first row of partition ){
+**           Rewind(csrEnd) ; Rewind(csrStart) ; Rewind(csrCurrent)
+**           regEnd = <expr2>
+**           regStart = <expr1>
+**         }else if( new group ){
+**           ...
+**         }
+**       }
+**
+**   2. Instead of processing a single row, each RETURN_ROW, AGGSTEP or
+**      AGGINVERSE step processes the current row of the relevant cursor and
+**      all subsequent rows belonging to the same group.
+**
+** RANGE window frames are a little different again. As for GROUPS, the
+** main loop runs once per group only. And RETURN_ROW, AGGSTEP and AGGINVERSE
+** deal in groups instead of rows. As for ROWS and GROUPS, there are three
+** basic cases:
+**
+**   RANGE BETWEEN <expr1> PRECEDING AND <expr2> FOLLOWING
+**
+**     ... loop started by sqlite3WhereBegin() ...
+**       if( new partition ){
+**         Gosub flush
+**       }
+**       Insert new row into eph table.
+**       if( first row of partition ){
+**         Rewind(csrEnd) ; Rewind(csrStart) ; Rewind(csrCurrent)
+**         regEnd = <expr2>
+**         regStart = <expr1>
+**       }else{
+**         AGGSTEP
+**         while( (csrCurrent.key + regEnd) < csrEnd.key ){
+**           RETURN_ROW
+**           while( csrStart.key + regStart) < csrCurrent.key ){
+**             AGGINVERSE
+**           }
+**         }
+**       }
+**     }
+**     flush:
+**       AGGSTEP
+**       while( 1 ){
+**         RETURN ROW
+**         if( csrCurrent is EOF ) break;
+**           while( csrStart.key + regStart) < csrCurrent.key ){
+**             AGGINVERSE
+**           }
+**         }
+**       }
+**
+** In the above notation, "csr.key" means the current value of the ORDER BY
+** expression (there is only ever 1 for a RANGE that uses an <expr> FOLLOWING
+** or <expr PRECEDING) read from cursor csr.
+**
+**   RANGE BETWEEN <expr1> PRECEDING AND <expr2> PRECEDING
+**
+**     ... loop started by sqlite3WhereBegin() ...
+**       if( new partition ){
+**         Gosub flush
+**       }
+**       Insert new row into eph table.
+**       if( first row of partition ){
+**         Rewind(csrEnd) ; Rewind(csrStart) ; Rewind(csrCurrent)
+**         regEnd = <expr2>
+**         regStart = <expr1>
+**       }else{
+**         while( (csrEnd.key + regEnd) <= csrCurrent.key ){
+**           AGGSTEP
+**         }
+**         while( (csrStart.key + regStart) < csrCurrent.key ){
+**           AGGINVERSE
+**         }
+**         RETURN_ROW
+**       }
+**     }
+**     flush:
+**       while( (csrEnd.key + regEnd) <= csrCurrent.key ){
+**         AGGSTEP
+**       }
+**       while( (csrStart.key + regStart) < csrCurrent.key ){
+**         AGGINVERSE
+**       }
+**       RETURN_ROW
+**
+**   RANGE BETWEEN <expr1> FOLLOWING AND <expr2> FOLLOWING
+**
+**     ... loop started by sqlite3WhereBegin() ...
+**       if( new partition ){
+**         Gosub flush
+**       }
+**       Insert new row into eph table.
+**       if( first row of partition ){
+**         Rewind(csrEnd) ; Rewind(csrStart) ; Rewind(csrCurrent)
+**         regEnd = <expr2>
+**         regStart = <expr1>
+**       }else{
+**         AGGSTEP
+**         while( (csrCurrent.key + regEnd) < csrEnd.key ){
+**           while( (csrCurrent.key + regStart) > csrStart.key ){
+**             AGGINVERSE
+**           }
+**           RETURN_ROW
+**         }
+**       }
+**     }
+**     flush:
+**       AGGSTEP
+**       while( 1 ){
+**         while( (csrCurrent.key + regStart) > csrStart.key ){
+**           AGGINVERSE
+**           if( eof ) break "while( 1 )" loop.
+**         }
+**         RETURN_ROW
+**       }
+**       while( !eof csrCurrent ){
+**         RETURN_ROW
+**       }
+**
+** The text above leaves out many details. Refer to the code and comments
+** below for a more complete picture.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowCodeStep(
   Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
@@ -145830,75 +154516,321 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowCodeStep(
   int addrGosub                   /* OP_Gosub here to return each row */
 ){
   Window *pMWin = p->pWin;
+  ExprList *pOrderBy = pMWin->pOrderBy;
+  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+  int csrWrite;                   /* Cursor used to write to eph. table */
+  int csrInput = p->pSrc->a[0].iCursor;     /* Cursor of sub-select */
+  int nInput = p->pSrc->a[0].pTab->nCol;    /* Number of cols returned by sub */
+  int iInput;                               /* To iterate through sub cols */
+  int addrNe;                     /* Address of OP_Ne */
+  int addrGosubFlush = 0;         /* Address of OP_Gosub to flush: */
+  int addrInteger = 0;            /* Address of OP_Integer */
+  int addrEmpty;                  /* Address of OP_Rewind in flush: */
+  int regNew;                     /* Array of registers holding new input row */
+  int regRecord;                  /* regNew array in record form */
+  int regRowid;                   /* Rowid for regRecord in eph table */
+  int regNewPeer = 0;             /* Peer values for new row (part of regNew) */
+  int regPeer = 0;                /* Peer values for current row */
+  int regFlushPart = 0;           /* Register for "Gosub flush_partition" */
+  WindowCodeArg s;                /* Context object for sub-routines */
+  int lblWhereEnd;                /* Label just before sqlite3WhereEnd() code */
+  int regStart = 0;               /* Value of <expr> PRECEDING */
+  int regEnd = 0;                 /* Value of <expr> FOLLOWING */
+
+  assert( pMWin->eStart==TK_PRECEDING || pMWin->eStart==TK_CURRENT
+       || pMWin->eStart==TK_FOLLOWING || pMWin->eStart==TK_UNBOUNDED
+  );
+  assert( pMWin->eEnd==TK_FOLLOWING || pMWin->eEnd==TK_CURRENT
+       || pMWin->eEnd==TK_UNBOUNDED || pMWin->eEnd==TK_PRECEDING
+  );
+  assert( pMWin->eExclude==0 || pMWin->eExclude==TK_CURRENT
+       || pMWin->eExclude==TK_GROUP || pMWin->eExclude==TK_TIES
+       || pMWin->eExclude==TK_NO
+  );
 
-  /* There are three different functions that may be used to do the work
-  ** of this one, depending on the window frame and the specific built-in
-  ** window functions used (if any).
-  **
-  ** windowCodeRowExprStep() handles all "ROWS" window frames, except for:
-  **
-  **   ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
-  **
-  ** The exception is because windowCodeRowExprStep() implements all window
-  ** frame types by caching the entire partition in a temp table, and
-  ** "ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW" is easy enough to
-  ** implement without such a cache.
-  **
-  ** windowCodeCacheStep() is used for:
-  **
-  **   RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
-  **
-  ** It is also used for anything not handled by windowCodeRowExprStep() 
-  ** that invokes a built-in window function that requires the entire 
-  ** partition to be cached in a temp table before any rows are returned
-  ** (e.g. nth_value() or percent_rank()).
-  **
-  ** Finally, assuming there is no built-in window function that requires
-  ** the partition to be cached, windowCodeDefaultStep() is used for:
-  **
-  **   RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW 
-  **   RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
-  **   RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND CURRENT ROW 
-  **   ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW
-  **
-  ** windowCodeDefaultStep() is the only one of the three functions that
-  ** does not cache each partition in a temp table before beginning to
-  ** return rows.
-  */
-  if( pMWin->eType==TK_ROWS 
-   && (pMWin->eStart!=TK_UNBOUNDED||pMWin->eEnd!=TK_CURRENT||!pMWin->pOrderBy)
-  ){
-    VdbeModuleComment((pParse->pVdbe, "Begin RowExprStep()"));
-    windowCodeRowExprStep(pParse, p, pWInfo, regGosub, addrGosub);
-  }else{
-    Window *pWin;
-    int bCache = 0;               /* True to use CacheStep() */
-
-    if( pMWin->eStart==TK_CURRENT && pMWin->eEnd==TK_UNBOUNDED ){
-      bCache = 1;
-    }else{
-      for(pWin=pMWin; pWin; pWin=pWin->pNextWin){
-        FuncDef *pFunc = pWin->pFunc;
-        if( (pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW_SIZE)
-         || (pFunc->zName==nth_valueName)
-         || (pFunc->zName==first_valueName)
-         || (pFunc->zName==leadName)
-         || (pFunc->zName==lagName)
-        ){
-          bCache = 1;
-          break;
+  lblWhereEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+
+  /* Fill in the context object */
+  memset(&s, 0, sizeof(WindowCodeArg));
+  s.pParse = pParse;
+  s.pMWin = pMWin;
+  s.pVdbe = v;
+  s.regGosub = regGosub;
+  s.addrGosub = addrGosub;
+  s.current.csr = pMWin->iEphCsr;
+  csrWrite = s.current.csr+1;
+  s.start.csr = s.current.csr+2;
+  s.end.csr = s.current.csr+3;
+
+  /* Figure out when rows may be deleted from the ephemeral table. There
+  ** are four options - they may never be deleted (eDelete==0), they may
+  ** be deleted as soon as they are no longer part of the window frame
+  ** (eDelete==WINDOW_AGGINVERSE), they may be deleted as after the row
+  ** has been returned to the caller (WINDOW_RETURN_ROW), or they may
+  ** be deleted after they enter the frame (WINDOW_AGGSTEP). */
+  switch( pMWin->eStart ){
+    case TK_FOLLOWING:
+      if( pMWin->eFrmType!=TK_RANGE
+       && windowExprGtZero(pParse, pMWin->pStart)
+      ){
+        s.eDelete = WINDOW_RETURN_ROW;
+      }
+      break;
+    case TK_UNBOUNDED:
+      if( windowCacheFrame(pMWin)==0 ){
+        if( pMWin->eEnd==TK_PRECEDING ){
+          if( pMWin->eFrmType!=TK_RANGE
+           && windowExprGtZero(pParse, pMWin->pEnd)
+          ){
+            s.eDelete = WINDOW_AGGSTEP;
+          }
+        }else{
+          s.eDelete = WINDOW_RETURN_ROW;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      s.eDelete = WINDOW_AGGINVERSE;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  /* Allocate registers for the array of values from the sub-query, the
+  ** samve values in record form, and the rowid used to insert said record
+  ** into the ephemeral table.  */
+  regNew = pParse->nMem+1;
+  pParse->nMem += nInput;
+  regRecord = ++pParse->nMem;
+  regRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
+
+  /* If the window frame contains an "<expr> PRECEDING" or "<expr> FOLLOWING"
+  ** clause, allocate registers to store the results of evaluating each
+  ** <expr>.  */
+  if( pMWin->eStart==TK_PRECEDING || pMWin->eStart==TK_FOLLOWING ){
+    regStart = ++pParse->nMem;
+  }
+  if( pMWin->eEnd==TK_PRECEDING || pMWin->eEnd==TK_FOLLOWING ){
+    regEnd = ++pParse->nMem;
+  }
+
+  /* If this is not a "ROWS BETWEEN ..." frame, then allocate arrays of
+  ** registers to store copies of the ORDER BY expressions (peer values)
+  ** for the main loop, and for each cursor (start, current and end). */
+  if( pMWin->eFrmType!=TK_ROWS ){
+    int nPeer = (pOrderBy ? pOrderBy->nExpr : 0);
+    regNewPeer = regNew + pMWin->nBufferCol;
+    if( pMWin->pPartition ) regNewPeer += pMWin->pPartition->nExpr;
+    regPeer = pParse->nMem+1;       pParse->nMem += nPeer;
+    s.start.reg = pParse->nMem+1;   pParse->nMem += nPeer;
+    s.current.reg = pParse->nMem+1; pParse->nMem += nPeer;
+    s.end.reg = pParse->nMem+1;     pParse->nMem += nPeer;
+  }
+
+  /* Load the column values for the row returned by the sub-select
+  ** into an array of registers starting at regNew. Assemble them into
+  ** a record in register regRecord. */
+  for(iInput=0; iInput<nInput; iInput++){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, csrInput, iInput, regNew+iInput);
+  }
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regNew, nInput, regRecord);
+
+  /* An input row has just been read into an array of registers starting
+  ** at regNew. If the window has a PARTITION clause, this block generates
+  ** VM code to check if the input row is the start of a new partition.
+  ** If so, it does an OP_Gosub to an address to be filled in later. The
+  ** address of the OP_Gosub is stored in local variable addrGosubFlush. */
+  if( pMWin->pPartition ){
+    int addr;
+    ExprList *pPart = pMWin->pPartition;
+    int nPart = pPart->nExpr;
+    int regNewPart = regNew + pMWin->nBufferCol;
+    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pPart, 0, 0);
+
+    regFlushPart = ++pParse->nMem;
+    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Compare, regNewPart, pMWin->regPart, nPart);
+    sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, (void*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, addr+2, addr+4, addr+2);
+    VdbeCoverageEqNe(v);
+    addrGosubFlush = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Gosub, regFlushPart);
+    VdbeComment((v, "call flush_partition"));
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Copy, regNewPart, pMWin->regPart, nPart-1);
+  }
+
+  /* Insert the new row into the ephemeral table */
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, csrWrite, regRowid);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, csrWrite, regRecord, regRowid);
+  addrNe = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, pMWin->regOne, 0, regRowid);
+  VdbeCoverageNeverNull(v);
+
+  /* This block is run for the first row of each partition */
+  s.regArg = windowInitAccum(pParse, pMWin);
+
+  if( regStart ){
+    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pMWin->pStart, regStart);
+    windowCheckValue(pParse, regStart, 0 + (pMWin->eFrmType==TK_RANGE?3:0));
+  }
+  if( regEnd ){
+    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pMWin->pEnd, regEnd);
+    windowCheckValue(pParse, regEnd, 1 + (pMWin->eFrmType==TK_RANGE?3:0));
+  }
+
+  if( pMWin->eFrmType!=TK_RANGE && pMWin->eStart==pMWin->eEnd && regStart ){
+    int op = ((pMWin->eStart==TK_FOLLOWING) ? OP_Ge : OP_Le);
+    int addrGe = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, op, regStart, 0, regEnd);
+    VdbeCoverageNeverNullIf(v, op==OP_Ge); /* NeverNull because bound <expr> */
+    VdbeCoverageNeverNullIf(v, op==OP_Le); /*   values previously checked */
+    windowAggFinal(&s, 0);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, s.current.csr, 1);
+    VdbeCoverageNeverTaken(v);
+    windowReturnOneRow(&s);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_ResetSorter, s.current.csr);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, lblWhereEnd);
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrGe);
+  }
+  if( pMWin->eStart==TK_FOLLOWING && pMWin->eFrmType!=TK_RANGE && regEnd ){
+    assert( pMWin->eEnd==TK_FOLLOWING );
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Subtract, regStart, regEnd, regStart);
+  }
+
+  if( pMWin->eStart!=TK_UNBOUNDED ){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, s.start.csr, 1);
+    VdbeCoverageNeverTaken(v);
+  }
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, s.current.csr, 1);
+  VdbeCoverageNeverTaken(v);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, s.end.csr, 1);
+  VdbeCoverageNeverTaken(v);
+  if( regPeer && pOrderBy ){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Copy, regNewPeer, regPeer, pOrderBy->nExpr-1);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Copy, regPeer, s.start.reg, pOrderBy->nExpr-1);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Copy, regPeer, s.current.reg, pOrderBy->nExpr-1);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Copy, regPeer, s.end.reg, pOrderBy->nExpr-1);
+  }
+
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, lblWhereEnd);
+
+  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrNe);
+
+  /* Beginning of the block executed for the second and subsequent rows. */
+  if( regPeer ){
+    windowIfNewPeer(pParse, pOrderBy, regNewPeer, regPeer, lblWhereEnd);
+  }
+  if( pMWin->eStart==TK_FOLLOWING ){
+    windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGSTEP, 0, 0);
+    if( pMWin->eEnd!=TK_UNBOUNDED ){
+      if( pMWin->eFrmType==TK_RANGE ){
+        int lbl = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+        int addrNext = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+        windowCodeRangeTest(&s, OP_Ge, s.current.csr, regEnd, s.end.csr, lbl);
+        windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGINVERSE, regStart, 0);
+        windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_RETURN_ROW, 0, 0);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrNext);
+        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lbl);
+      }else{
+        windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_RETURN_ROW, regEnd, 0);
+        windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGINVERSE, regStart, 0);
+      }
+    }
+  }else
+  if( pMWin->eEnd==TK_PRECEDING ){
+    int bRPS = (pMWin->eStart==TK_PRECEDING && pMWin->eFrmType==TK_RANGE);
+    windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGSTEP, regEnd, 0);
+    if( bRPS ) windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGINVERSE, regStart, 0);
+    windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_RETURN_ROW, 0, 0);
+    if( !bRPS ) windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGINVERSE, regStart, 0);
+  }else{
+    int addr = 0;
+    windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGSTEP, 0, 0);
+    if( pMWin->eEnd!=TK_UNBOUNDED ){
+      if( pMWin->eFrmType==TK_RANGE ){
+        int lbl = 0;
+        addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+        if( regEnd ){
+          lbl = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
+          windowCodeRangeTest(&s, OP_Ge, s.current.csr, regEnd, s.end.csr, lbl);
+        }
+        windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_RETURN_ROW, 0, 0);
+        windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGINVERSE, regStart, 0);
+        if( regEnd ){
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addr);
+          sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lbl);
+        }
+      }else{
+        if( regEnd ){
+          addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfPos, regEnd, 0, 1);
+          VdbeCoverage(v);
         }
+        windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_RETURN_ROW, 0, 0);
+        windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGINVERSE, regStart, 0);
+        if( regEnd ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
       }
     }
+  }
 
-    /* Otherwise, call windowCodeDefaultStep().  */
-    if( bCache ){
-      VdbeModuleComment((pParse->pVdbe, "Begin CacheStep()"));
-      windowCodeCacheStep(pParse, p, pWInfo, regGosub, addrGosub);
-    }else{
-      VdbeModuleComment((pParse->pVdbe, "Begin DefaultStep()"));
-      windowCodeDefaultStep(pParse, p, pWInfo, regGosub, addrGosub);
+  /* End of the main input loop */
+  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lblWhereEnd);
+  sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
+
+  /* Fall through */
+  if( pMWin->pPartition ){
+    addrInteger = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regFlushPart);
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrGosubFlush);
+  }
+
+  addrEmpty = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, csrWrite);
+  VdbeCoverage(v);
+  if( pMWin->eEnd==TK_PRECEDING ){
+    int bRPS = (pMWin->eStart==TK_PRECEDING && pMWin->eFrmType==TK_RANGE);
+    windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGSTEP, regEnd, 0);
+    if( bRPS ) windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGINVERSE, regStart, 0);
+    windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_RETURN_ROW, 0, 0);
+  }else if( pMWin->eStart==TK_FOLLOWING ){
+    int addrStart;
+    int addrBreak1;
+    int addrBreak2;
+    int addrBreak3;
+    windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGSTEP, 0, 0);
+    if( pMWin->eFrmType==TK_RANGE ){
+      addrStart = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+      addrBreak2 = windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGINVERSE, regStart, 1);
+      addrBreak1 = windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_RETURN_ROW, 0, 1);
+    }else
+    if( pMWin->eEnd==TK_UNBOUNDED ){
+      addrStart = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+      addrBreak1 = windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_RETURN_ROW, regStart, 1);
+      addrBreak2 = windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGINVERSE, 0, 1);
+    }else{
+      assert( pMWin->eEnd==TK_FOLLOWING );
+      addrStart = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+      addrBreak1 = windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_RETURN_ROW, regEnd, 1);
+      addrBreak2 = windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGINVERSE, regStart, 1);
+    }
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrStart);
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrBreak2);
+    addrStart = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+    addrBreak3 = windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_RETURN_ROW, 0, 1);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrStart);
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrBreak1);
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrBreak3);
+  }else{
+    int addrBreak;
+    int addrStart;
+    windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGSTEP, 0, 0);
+    addrStart = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+    addrBreak = windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_RETURN_ROW, 0, 1);
+    windowCodeOp(&s, WINDOW_AGGINVERSE, regStart, 0);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrStart);
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrBreak);
+  }
+  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrEmpty);
+
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_ResetSorter, s.current.csr);
+  if( pMWin->pPartition ){
+    if( pMWin->regStartRowid ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, pMWin->regStartRowid);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pMWin->regEndRowid);
     }
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, addrInteger, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v));
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regFlushPart);
   }
 }
 
@@ -145906,8 +154838,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowCodeStep(
 
 /************** End of window.c **********************************************/
 /************** Begin file parse.c *******************************************/
+/* This file is automatically generated by Lemon from input grammar
+** source file "parse.y". */
 /*
-** 2000-05-29
+** 2001-09-15
 **
 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
@@ -145917,21 +154851,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowCodeStep(
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
 *************************************************************************
-** Driver template for the LEMON parser generator.
-**
-** The "lemon" program processes an LALR(1) input grammar file, then uses
-** this template to construct a parser.  The "lemon" program inserts text
-** at each "%%" line.  Also, any "P-a-r-s-e" identifer prefix (without the
-** interstitial "-" characters) contained in this template is changed into
-** the value of the %name directive from the grammar.  Otherwise, the content
-** of this template is copied straight through into the generate parser
-** source file.
+** This file contains SQLite's SQL parser.
 **
-** The following is the concatenation of all %include directives from the
-** input grammar file:
+** The canonical source code to this file ("parse.y") is a Lemon grammar
+** file that specifies the input grammar and actions to take while parsing.
+** That input file is processed by Lemon to generate a C-language
+** implementation of a parser for the given grammer.  You might be reading
+** this comment as part of the translated C-code.  Edits should be made
+** to the original parse.y sources.
 */
-/* #include <stdio.h> */
-/************ Begin %include sections from the grammar ************************/
 
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 
@@ -145989,10 +154917,32 @@ struct FrameBound     { int eType; Expr *pExpr; };
 ** shared across database connections.
 */
 static void disableLookaside(Parse *pParse){
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   pParse->disableLookaside++;
-  pParse->db->lookaside.bDisable++;
+  DisableLookaside;
 }
 
+#if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) \
+ && defined(SQLITE_UDL_CAPABLE_PARSER)
+/*
+** Issue an error message if an ORDER BY or LIMIT clause occurs on an
+** UPDATE or DELETE statement.
+*/
+static void updateDeleteLimitError(
+  Parse *pParse,
+  ExprList *pOrderBy,
+  Expr *pLimit
+){
+  if( pOrderBy ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "syntax error near \"ORDER BY\"");
+  }else{
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "syntax error near \"LIMIT\"");
+  }
+  sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pOrderBy);
+  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pLimit);
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT */
+
 
   /*
   ** For a compound SELECT statement, make sure p->pPrior->pNext==p for
@@ -146000,6 +154950,7 @@ static void disableLookaside(Parse *pParse){
   ** SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT.
   */
   static void parserDoubleLinkSelect(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
+    assert( p!=0 );
     if( p->pPrior ){
       Select *pNext = 0, *pLoop;
       int mxSelect, cnt = 0;
@@ -146007,7 +154958,7 @@ static void disableLookaside(Parse *pParse){
         pLoop->pNext = pNext;
         pLoop->selFlags |= SF_Compound;
       }
-      if( (p->selFlags & SF_MultiValue)==0 && 
+      if( (p->selFlags & SF_MultiValue)==0 &&
         (mxSelect = pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT])>0 &&
         cnt>mxSelect
       ){
@@ -146026,29 +154977,26 @@ static void disableLookaside(Parse *pParse){
     if( p ){
       /* memset(p, 0, sizeof(Expr)); */
       p->op = (u8)op;
-      p->affinity = 0;
+      p->affExpr = 0;
       p->flags = EP_Leaf;
+      ExprClearVVAProperties(p);
       p->iAgg = -1;
       p->pLeft = p->pRight = 0;
       p->x.pList = 0;
       p->pAggInfo = 0;
-      p->pTab = 0;
+      p->y.pTab = 0;
       p->op2 = 0;
       p->iTable = 0;
       p->iColumn = 0;
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-      p->pWin = 0;
-#endif
       p->u.zToken = (char*)&p[1];
       memcpy(p->u.zToken, t.z, t.n);
       p->u.zToken[t.n] = 0;
       if( sqlite3Isquote(p->u.zToken[0]) ){
-        if( p->u.zToken[0]=='"' ) p->flags |= EP_DblQuoted;
-        sqlite3Dequote(p->u.zToken);
+        sqlite3DequoteExpr(p);
       }
 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
       p->nHeight = 1;
-#endif  
+#endif
       if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
         return (Expr*)sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, (void*)p, &t);
       }
@@ -146090,12 +155038,196 @@ static void disableLookaside(Parse *pParse){
     sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, p, pIdToken, 1);
     return p;
   }
+
+#if TK_SPAN>255
+# error too many tokens in the grammar
+#endif
 /**************** End of %include directives **********************************/
-/* These constants specify the various numeric values for terminal symbols
-** in a format understandable to "makeheaders".  This section is blank unless
-** "lemon" is run with the "-m" command-line option.
-***************** Begin makeheaders token definitions *************************/
-/**************** End makeheaders token definitions ***************************/
+/* These constants specify the various numeric values for terminal symbols.
+***************** Begin token definitions *************************************/
+#ifndef TK_SEMI
+#define TK_SEMI                            1
+#define TK_EXPLAIN                         2
+#define TK_QUERY                           3
+#define TK_PLAN                            4
+#define TK_BEGIN                           5
+#define TK_TRANSACTION                     6
+#define TK_DEFERRED                        7
+#define TK_IMMEDIATE                       8
+#define TK_EXCLUSIVE                       9
+#define TK_COMMIT                         10
+#define TK_END                            11
+#define TK_ROLLBACK                       12
+#define TK_SAVEPOINT                      13
+#define TK_RELEASE                        14
+#define TK_TO                             15
+#define TK_TABLE                          16
+#define TK_CREATE                         17
+#define TK_IF                             18
+#define TK_NOT                            19
+#define TK_EXISTS                         20
+#define TK_TEMP                           21
+#define TK_LP                             22
+#define TK_RP                             23
+#define TK_AS                             24
+#define TK_WITHOUT                        25
+#define TK_COMMA                          26
+#define TK_ABORT                          27
+#define TK_ACTION                         28
+#define TK_AFTER                          29
+#define TK_ANALYZE                        30
+#define TK_ASC                            31
+#define TK_ATTACH                         32
+#define TK_BEFORE                         33
+#define TK_BY                             34
+#define TK_CASCADE                        35
+#define TK_CAST                           36
+#define TK_CONFLICT                       37
+#define TK_DATABASE                       38
+#define TK_DESC                           39
+#define TK_DETACH                         40
+#define TK_EACH                           41
+#define TK_FAIL                           42
+#define TK_OR                             43
+#define TK_AND                            44
+#define TK_IS                             45
+#define TK_MATCH                          46
+#define TK_LIKE_KW                        47
+#define TK_BETWEEN                        48
+#define TK_IN                             49
+#define TK_ISNULL                         50
+#define TK_NOTNULL                        51
+#define TK_NE                             52
+#define TK_EQ                             53
+#define TK_GT                             54
+#define TK_LE                             55
+#define TK_LT                             56
+#define TK_GE                             57
+#define TK_ESCAPE                         58
+#define TK_ID                             59
+#define TK_COLUMNKW                       60
+#define TK_DO                             61
+#define TK_FOR                            62
+#define TK_IGNORE                         63
+#define TK_INITIALLY                      64
+#define TK_INSTEAD                        65
+#define TK_NO                             66
+#define TK_KEY                            67
+#define TK_OF                             68
+#define TK_OFFSET                         69
+#define TK_PRAGMA                         70
+#define TK_RAISE                          71
+#define TK_RECURSIVE                      72
+#define TK_REPLACE                        73
+#define TK_RESTRICT                       74
+#define TK_ROW                            75
+#define TK_ROWS                           76
+#define TK_TRIGGER                        77
+#define TK_VACUUM                         78
+#define TK_VIEW                           79
+#define TK_VIRTUAL                        80
+#define TK_WITH                           81
+#define TK_NULLS                          82
+#define TK_FIRST                          83
+#define TK_LAST                           84
+#define TK_CURRENT                        85
+#define TK_FOLLOWING                      86
+#define TK_PARTITION                      87
+#define TK_PRECEDING                      88
+#define TK_RANGE                          89
+#define TK_UNBOUNDED                      90
+#define TK_EXCLUDE                        91
+#define TK_GROUPS                         92
+#define TK_OTHERS                         93
+#define TK_TIES                           94
+#define TK_GENERATED                      95
+#define TK_ALWAYS                         96
+#define TK_REINDEX                        97
+#define TK_RENAME                         98
+#define TK_CTIME_KW                       99
+#define TK_ANY                            100
+#define TK_BITAND                         101
+#define TK_BITOR                          102
+#define TK_LSHIFT                         103
+#define TK_RSHIFT                         104
+#define TK_PLUS                           105
+#define TK_MINUS                          106
+#define TK_STAR                           107
+#define TK_SLASH                          108
+#define TK_REM                            109
+#define TK_CONCAT                         110
+#define TK_COLLATE                        111
+#define TK_BITNOT                         112
+#define TK_ON                             113
+#define TK_INDEXED                        114
+#define TK_STRING                         115
+#define TK_JOIN_KW                        116
+#define TK_CONSTRAINT                     117
+#define TK_DEFAULT                        118
+#define TK_NULL                           119
+#define TK_PRIMARY                        120
+#define TK_UNIQUE                         121
+#define TK_CHECK                          122
+#define TK_REFERENCES                     123
+#define TK_AUTOINCR                       124
+#define TK_INSERT                         125
+#define TK_DELETE                         126
+#define TK_UPDATE                         127
+#define TK_SET                            128
+#define TK_DEFERRABLE                     129
+#define TK_FOREIGN                        130
+#define TK_DROP                           131
+#define TK_UNION                          132
+#define TK_ALL                            133
+#define TK_EXCEPT                         134
+#define TK_INTERSECT                      135
+#define TK_SELECT                         136
+#define TK_VALUES                         137
+#define TK_DISTINCT                       138
+#define TK_DOT                            139
+#define TK_FROM                           140
+#define TK_JOIN                           141
+#define TK_USING                          142
+#define TK_ORDER                          143
+#define TK_GROUP                          144
+#define TK_HAVING                         145
+#define TK_LIMIT                          146
+#define TK_WHERE                          147
+#define TK_INTO                           148
+#define TK_NOTHING                        149
+#define TK_FLOAT                          150
+#define TK_BLOB                           151
+#define TK_INTEGER                        152
+#define TK_VARIABLE                       153
+#define TK_CASE                           154
+#define TK_WHEN                           155
+#define TK_THEN                           156
+#define TK_ELSE                           157
+#define TK_INDEX                          158
+#define TK_ALTER                          159
+#define TK_ADD                            160
+#define TK_WINDOW                         161
+#define TK_OVER                           162
+#define TK_FILTER                         163
+#define TK_COLUMN                         164
+#define TK_AGG_FUNCTION                   165
+#define TK_AGG_COLUMN                     166
+#define TK_TRUEFALSE                      167
+#define TK_ISNOT                          168
+#define TK_FUNCTION                       169
+#define TK_UMINUS                         170
+#define TK_UPLUS                          171
+#define TK_TRUTH                          172
+#define TK_REGISTER                       173
+#define TK_VECTOR                         174
+#define TK_SELECT_COLUMN                  175
+#define TK_IF_NULL_ROW                    176
+#define TK_ASTERISK                       177
+#define TK_SPAN                           178
+#define TK_SPACE                          179
+#define TK_ILLEGAL                        180
+#endif
+/**************** End token definitions ***************************************/
 
 /* The next sections is a series of control #defines.
 ** various aspects of the generated parser.
@@ -146120,7 +155252,7 @@ static void disableLookaside(Parse *pParse){
 **                       the minor type might be the name of the identifier.
 **                       Each non-terminal can have a different minor type.
 **                       Terminal symbols all have the same minor type, though.
-**                       This macros defines the minor type for terminal 
+**                       This macros defines the minor type for terminal
 **                       symbols.
 **    YYMINORTYPE        is the data type used for all minor types.
 **                       This is typically a union of many types, one of
@@ -146153,27 +155285,28 @@ static void disableLookaside(Parse *pParse){
 #endif
 /************* Begin control #defines *****************************************/
 #define YYCODETYPE unsigned short int
-#define YYNOCODE 277
+#define YYNOCODE 310
 #define YYACTIONTYPE unsigned short int
-#define YYWILDCARD 91
+#define YYWILDCARD 100
 #define sqlite3ParserTOKENTYPE Token
 typedef union {
   int yyinit;
   sqlite3ParserTOKENTYPE yy0;
-  Expr* yy18;
-  struct TrigEvent yy34;
-  IdList* yy48;
-  int yy70;
-  struct {int value; int mask;} yy111;
-  struct FrameBound yy119;
-  SrcList* yy135;
-  TriggerStep* yy207;
-  Window* yy327;
-  Upsert* yy340;
-  const char* yy392;
-  ExprList* yy420;
-  With* yy449;
-  Select* yy489;
+  SrcList* yy47;
+  u8 yy58;
+  struct FrameBound yy77;
+  With* yy131;
+  int yy192;
+  Expr* yy202;
+  struct {int value; int mask;} yy207;
+  struct TrigEvent yy230;
+  ExprList* yy242;
+  Window* yy303;
+  Upsert* yy318;
+  const char* yy436;
+  TriggerStep* yy447;
+  Select* yy539;
+  IdList* yy600;
 } YYMINORTYPE;
 #ifndef YYSTACKDEPTH
 #define YYSTACKDEPTH 100
@@ -146189,17 +155322,18 @@ typedef union {
 #define sqlite3ParserCTX_FETCH Parse *pParse=yypParser->pParse;
 #define sqlite3ParserCTX_STORE yypParser->pParse=pParse;
 #define YYFALLBACK 1
-#define YYNSTATE             521
-#define YYNRULE              367
-#define YYNTOKEN             155
-#define YY_MAX_SHIFT         520
-#define YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE   756
-#define YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE   1122
-#define YY_ERROR_ACTION      1123
-#define YY_ACCEPT_ACTION     1124
-#define YY_NO_ACTION         1125
-#define YY_MIN_REDUCE        1126
-#define YY_MAX_REDUCE        1492
+#define YYNSTATE             553
+#define YYNRULE              385
+#define YYNRULE_WITH_ACTION  325
+#define YYNTOKEN             181
+#define YY_MAX_SHIFT         552
+#define YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE   803
+#define YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE   1187
+#define YY_ERROR_ACTION      1188
+#define YY_ACCEPT_ACTION     1189
+#define YY_NO_ACTION         1190
+#define YY_MIN_REDUCE        1191
+#define YY_MAX_REDUCE        1575
 /************* End control #defines *******************************************/
 #define YY_NLOOKAHEAD ((int)(sizeof(yy_lookahead)/sizeof(yy_lookahead[0])))
 
@@ -146219,7 +155353,7 @@ typedef union {
 /* Next are the tables used to determine what action to take based on the
 ** current state and lookahead token.  These tables are used to implement
 ** functions that take a state number and lookahead value and return an
-** action integer.  
+** action integer.
 **
 ** Suppose the action integer is N.  Then the action is determined as
 ** follows
@@ -146266,574 +155400,592 @@ typedef union {
 **  yy_default[]       Default action for each state.
 **
 *********** Begin parsing tables **********************************************/
-#define YY_ACTTAB_COUNT (2009)
+#define YY_ACTTAB_COUNT (1962)
 static const YYACTIONTYPE yy_action[] = {
- /*     0 */   368,  105,  102,  197,  105,  102,  197,  515, 1124,    1,
- /*    10 */     1,  520,    2, 1128,  515, 1192, 1171, 1456,  275,  370,
- /*    20 */   127, 1389, 1197, 1197, 1192, 1166,  178, 1205,   64,   64,
- /*    30 */   477,  887,  322,  428,  348,   37,   37,  808,  362,  888,
- /*    40 */   509,  509,  509,  112,  113,  103, 1100, 1100,  953,  956,
- /*    50 */   946,  946,  110,  110,  111,  111,  111,  111,  365,  252,
- /*    60 */   252,  515,  252,  252,  497,  515,  309,  515,  459,  515,
- /*    70 */  1079,  491,  512,  478,    6,  512,  809,  134,  498,  228,
- /*    80 */   194,  428,   37,   37,  515,  208,   64,   64,   64,   64,
- /*    90 */    13,   13,  109,  109,  109,  109,  108,  108,  107,  107,
- /*   100 */   107,  106,  401,  258,  381,   13,   13,  398,  397,  428,
- /*   110 */   252,  252,  370,  476,  405, 1104, 1079, 1080, 1081,  386,
- /*   120 */  1106,  390,  497,  512,  497, 1423, 1419,  304, 1105,  307,
- /*   130 */  1256,  496,  370,  499,   16,   16,  112,  113,  103, 1100,
- /*   140 */  1100,  953,  956,  946,  946,  110,  110,  111,  111,  111,
- /*   150 */   111,  262, 1107,  495, 1107,  401,  112,  113,  103, 1100,
- /*   160 */  1100,  953,  956,  946,  946,  110,  110,  111,  111,  111,
- /*   170 */   111,  129, 1425,  343, 1420,  339, 1059,  492, 1057,  263,
- /*   180 */    73,  105,  102,  197,  994,  109,  109,  109,  109,  108,
- /*   190 */   108,  107,  107,  107,  106,  401,  370,  111,  111,  111,
- /*   200 */   111,  104,  492,   89, 1432,  109,  109,  109,  109,  108,
- /*   210 */   108,  107,  107,  107,  106,  401,  111,  111,  111,  111,
- /*   220 */   112,  113,  103, 1100, 1100,  953,  956,  946,  946,  110,
- /*   230 */   110,  111,  111,  111,  111,  109,  109,  109,  109,  108,
- /*   240 */   108,  107,  107,  107,  106,  401,  114,  108,  108,  107,
- /*   250 */   107,  107,  106,  401,  109,  109,  109,  109,  108,  108,
- /*   260 */   107,  107,  107,  106,  401,  152,  399,  399,  399,  109,
- /*   270 */   109,  109,  109,  108,  108,  107,  107,  107,  106,  401,
- /*   280 */   178,  493, 1412,  434, 1037, 1486, 1079,  515, 1486,  370,
- /*   290 */   421,  297,  357,  412,   74, 1079,  109,  109,  109,  109,
- /*   300 */   108,  108,  107,  107,  107,  106,  401, 1413,   37,   37,
- /*   310 */  1431,  274,  506,  112,  113,  103, 1100, 1100,  953,  956,
- /*   320 */   946,  946,  110,  110,  111,  111,  111,  111, 1436,  520,
- /*   330 */     2, 1128, 1079, 1080, 1081,  430,  275, 1079,  127,  366,
- /*   340 */   933, 1079, 1080, 1081,  220, 1205,  913,  458,  455,  454,
- /*   350 */   392,  167,  515, 1035,  152,  445,  924,  453,  152,  874,
- /*   360 */   923,  289,  109,  109,  109,  109,  108,  108,  107,  107,
- /*   370 */   107,  106,  401,   13,   13,  261,  853,  252,  252,  227,
- /*   380 */   106,  401,  370, 1079, 1080, 1081,  311,  388, 1079,  296,
- /*   390 */   512,  923,  923,  925,  231,  323, 1255, 1388, 1423,  490,
- /*   400 */   274,  506,   12,  208,  274,  506,  112,  113,  103, 1100,
- /*   410 */  1100,  953,  956,  946,  946,  110,  110,  111,  111,  111,
- /*   420 */   111, 1440,  286, 1128,  288, 1079, 1097,  247,  275, 1098,
- /*   430 */   127,  387,  405,  389, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1205,  159,  238,
- /*   440 */   255,  321,  461,  316,  460,  225,  790,  105,  102,  197,
- /*   450 */   513,  314,  842,  842,  445,  109,  109,  109,  109,  108,
- /*   460 */   108,  107,  107,  107,  106,  401,  515,  514,  515,  252,
- /*   470 */   252, 1079, 1080, 1081,  435,  370, 1098,  933, 1460,  794,
- /*   480 */   274,  506,  512,  105,  102,  197,  336,   63,   63,   64,
- /*   490 */    64,   27,  790,  924,  287,  208, 1354,  923,  515,  112,
- /*   500 */   113,  103, 1100, 1100,  953,  956,  946,  946,  110,  110,
- /*   510 */   111,  111,  111,  111,  107,  107,  107,  106,  401,   49,
- /*   520 */    49,  515,   28, 1079,  405,  497,  421,  297,  923,  923,
- /*   530 */   925,  186,  468, 1079,  467,  999,  999,  442,  515, 1079,
- /*   540 */   334,  515,   45,   45, 1083,  342,  173,  168,  109,  109,
- /*   550 */   109,  109,  108,  108,  107,  107,  107,  106,  401,   13,
- /*   560 */    13,  205,   13,   13,  252,  252, 1195, 1195,  370, 1079,
- /*   570 */  1080, 1081,  787,  265,    5,  359,  494,  512,  469, 1079,
- /*   580 */  1080, 1081,  398,  397, 1079, 1079, 1080, 1081,    3,  282,
- /*   590 */  1079, 1083,  112,  113,  103, 1100, 1100,  953,  956,  946,
- /*   600 */   946,  110,  110,  111,  111,  111,  111,  252,  252, 1015,
- /*   610 */   220, 1079,  873,  458,  455,  454,  943,  943,  954,  957,
- /*   620 */   512,  252,  252,  453, 1016, 1079,  445, 1107, 1209, 1107,
- /*   630 */  1079, 1080, 1081,  515,  512,  426, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1017,
- /*   640 */   512,  109,  109,  109,  109,  108,  108,  107,  107,  107,
- /*   650 */   106,  401, 1052,  515,   50,   50,  515, 1079, 1080, 1081,
- /*   660 */   828,  370, 1051,  379,  411, 1064, 1358,  207,  408,  773,
- /*   670 */   829, 1079, 1080, 1081,   64,   64,  322,   64,   64, 1302,
- /*   680 */   947,  411,  410, 1358, 1360,  112,  113,  103, 1100, 1100,
- /*   690 */   953,  956,  946,  946,  110,  110,  111,  111,  111,  111,
- /*   700 */   294,  482,  515, 1037, 1487,  515,  434, 1487,  354, 1120,
- /*   710 */   483,  996,  913,  485,  466,  996,  132,  178,   33,  450,
- /*   720 */  1203,  136,  406,   64,   64,  479,   64,   64,  419,  369,
- /*   730 */   283, 1146,  252,  252,  109,  109,  109,  109,  108,  108,
- /*   740 */   107,  107,  107,  106,  401,  512,  224,  440,  411,  266,
- /*   750 */  1358,  266,  252,  252,  370,  296,  416,  284,  934,  396,
- /*   760 */   976,  470,  400,  252,  252,  512,    9,  473,  231,  500,
- /*   770 */   354, 1036, 1035, 1488,  355,  374,  512, 1121,  112,  113,
- /*   780 */   103, 1100, 1100,  953,  956,  946,  946,  110,  110,  111,
- /*   790 */   111,  111,  111,  252,  252, 1015,  515, 1347,  295,  252,
- /*   800 */   252,  252,  252, 1098,  375,  249,  512,  445,  872,  322,
- /*   810 */  1016,  480,  512,  195,  512,  434,  273,   15,   15,  515,
- /*   820 */   314,  515,   95,  515,   93, 1017,  367,  109,  109,  109,
- /*   830 */   109,  108,  108,  107,  107,  107,  106,  401,  515, 1121,
- /*   840 */    39,   39,   51,   51,   52,   52,  503,  370,  515, 1204,
- /*   850 */  1098,  918,  439,  341,  133,  436,  223,  222,  221,   53,
- /*   860 */    53,  322, 1400,  761,  762,  763,  515,  370,   88,   54,
- /*   870 */    54,  112,  113,  103, 1100, 1100,  953,  956,  946,  946,
- /*   880 */   110,  110,  111,  111,  111,  111,  407,   55,   55,  196,
- /*   890 */   515,  112,  113,  103, 1100, 1100,  953,  956,  946,  946,
- /*   900 */   110,  110,  111,  111,  111,  111,  135,  264, 1149,  376,
- /*   910 */   515,   40,   40,  515,  872,  515,  993,  515,  993,  116,
- /*   920 */   109,  109,  109,  109,  108,  108,  107,  107,  107,  106,
- /*   930 */   401,   41,   41,  515,   43,   43,   44,   44,   56,   56,
- /*   940 */   109,  109,  109,  109,  108,  108,  107,  107,  107,  106,
- /*   950 */   401,  515,  379,  515,   57,   57,  515,  799,  515,  379,
- /*   960 */   515,  445,  200,  515,  323,  515, 1397,  515, 1459,  515,
- /*   970 */  1287,  817,   58,   58,   14,   14,  515,   59,   59,  118,
- /*   980 */   118,   60,   60,  515,   46,   46,   61,   61,   62,   62,
- /*   990 */    47,   47,  515,  190,  189,   91,  515,  140,  140,  515,
- /*  1000 */   394,  515,  277, 1200,  141,  141,  515, 1115,  515,  992,
- /*  1010 */   515,  992,  515,   69,   69,  370,  278,   48,   48,  259,
- /*  1020 */    65,   65,  119,  119,  246,  246,  260,   66,   66,  120,
- /*  1030 */   120,  121,  121,  117,  117,  370,  515,  512,  383,  112,
- /*  1040 */   113,  103, 1100, 1100,  953,  956,  946,  946,  110,  110,
- /*  1050 */   111,  111,  111,  111,  515,  872,  515,  139,  139,  112,
- /*  1060 */   113,  103, 1100, 1100,  953,  956,  946,  946,  110,  110,
- /*  1070 */   111,  111,  111,  111, 1287,  138,  138,  125,  125,  515,
- /*  1080 */    12,  515,  281, 1287,  515,  445,  131, 1287,  109,  109,
- /*  1090 */   109,  109,  108,  108,  107,  107,  107,  106,  401,  515,
- /*  1100 */   124,  124,  122,  122,  515,  123,  123,  515,  109,  109,
- /*  1110 */   109,  109,  108,  108,  107,  107,  107,  106,  401,  515,
- /*  1120 */    68,   68,  463,  783,  515,   70,   70,  302,   67,   67,
- /*  1130 */  1032,  253,  253,  356, 1287,  191,  196, 1433,  465, 1301,
- /*  1140 */    38,   38,  384,   94,  512,   42,   42,  177,  848,  274,
- /*  1150 */   506,  385,  420,  847, 1356,  441,  508,  376,  377,  153,
- /*  1160 */   423,  872,  432,  370,  224,  251,  194,  887,  182,  293,
- /*  1170 */   783,  848,   88,  254,  466,  888,  847,  915,  807,  806,
- /*  1180 */   230, 1241,  910,  370,   17,  413,  797,  112,  113,  103,
- /*  1190 */  1100, 1100,  953,  956,  946,  946,  110,  110,  111,  111,
- /*  1200 */   111,  111,  395,  814,  815, 1175,  983,  112,  101,  103,
- /*  1210 */  1100, 1100,  953,  956,  946,  946,  110,  110,  111,  111,
- /*  1220 */   111,  111,  375,  422,  427,  429,  298,  230,  230,   88,
- /*  1230 */  1240,  451,  312,  797,  226,   88,  109,  109,  109,  109,
- /*  1240 */   108,  108,  107,  107,  107,  106,  401,   86,  433,  979,
- /*  1250 */   927,  881,  226,  983,  230,  415,  109,  109,  109,  109,
- /*  1260 */   108,  108,  107,  107,  107,  106,  401,  320,  845,  781,
- /*  1270 */   846,  100,  130,  100, 1403,  290,  370,  319, 1377, 1376,
- /*  1280 */   437, 1449,  299, 1237,  303,  306,  308,  310, 1188, 1174,
- /*  1290 */  1173, 1172,  315,  324,  325, 1228,  370,  927, 1249,  271,
- /*  1300 */  1286,  113,  103, 1100, 1100,  953,  956,  946,  946,  110,
- /*  1310 */   110,  111,  111,  111,  111, 1224, 1235,  502,  501, 1292,
- /*  1320 */  1221, 1155,  103, 1100, 1100,  953,  956,  946,  946,  110,
- /*  1330 */   110,  111,  111,  111,  111, 1148, 1137, 1136, 1138, 1443,
- /*  1340 */   446,  244,  184,   98,  507,  188,    4,  353,  327,  109,
- /*  1350 */   109,  109,  109,  108,  108,  107,  107,  107,  106,  401,
- /*  1360 */   510,  329,  331,  199,  414,  456,  292,  285,  318,  109,
- /*  1370 */   109,  109,  109,  108,  108,  107,  107,  107,  106,  401,
- /*  1380 */    11, 1271, 1279,  402,  361,  192, 1171, 1351,  431,  505,
- /*  1390 */   346, 1350,  333,   98,  507,  504,    4,  187, 1446, 1115,
- /*  1400 */   233, 1396,  155, 1394, 1112,  152,   72,   75,  378,  425,
- /*  1410 */   510,  165,  149,  157,  933, 1276,   86,   30, 1268,  417,
- /*  1420 */    96,   96,    8,  160,  161,  162,  163,   97,  418,  402,
- /*  1430 */   517,  516,  449,  402,  923,  210,  358,  424, 1282,  438,
- /*  1440 */   169,  214,  360, 1345,   80,  504,   31,  444, 1365,  301,
- /*  1450 */   245,  274,  506,  216,  174,  305,  488,  447,  217,  462,
- /*  1460 */  1139,  487,  218,  363,  933,  923,  923,  925,  926,   24,
- /*  1470 */    96,   96, 1191, 1190, 1189,  391, 1182,   97, 1163,  402,
- /*  1480 */   517,  516,  799,  364,  923, 1162,  317, 1161,   98,  507,
- /*  1490 */  1181,    4, 1458,  472,  393,  269,  270,  475,  481, 1232,
- /*  1500 */    85, 1233,  326,  328,  232,  510,  495, 1231,  330,   98,
- /*  1510 */   507, 1230,    4,  486,  335,  923,  923,  925,  926,   24,
- /*  1520 */  1435, 1068,  404,  181,  336,  256,  510,  115,  402,  332,
- /*  1530 */   352,  352,  351,  241,  349, 1214, 1414,  770,  338,   10,
- /*  1540 */   504,  340,  272,   92, 1331, 1213,   87,  183,  484,  402,
- /*  1550 */   201,  488,  280,  239,  344,  345,  489, 1145,   29,  933,
- /*  1560 */   279,  504, 1074,  518,  240,   96,   96,  242,  243,  519,
- /*  1570 */  1134, 1129,   97,  154,  402,  517,  516,  372,  373,  923,
- /*  1580 */   933,  142,  143,  128, 1381,  267,   96,   96,  852,  757,
- /*  1590 */   203,  144,  403,   97, 1382,  402,  517,  516,  204, 1380,
- /*  1600 */   923,  146, 1379, 1159, 1158,   71, 1156,  276,  202,  185,
- /*  1610 */   923,  923,  925,  926,   24,  198,  257,  126,  991,  989,
- /*  1620 */   907,   98,  507,  156,    4,  145,  158,  206,  831,  209,
- /*  1630 */   291,  923,  923,  925,  926,   24, 1005,  911,  510,  164,
- /*  1640 */   147,  380,  371,  382,  166,   76,   77,  274,  506,  148,
- /*  1650 */    78,   79, 1008,  211,  212, 1004,  137,  213,   18,  300,
- /*  1660 */   230,  402,  997, 1109,  443,  215,   32,  170,  171,  772,
- /*  1670 */   409,  448,  319,  504,  219,  172,  452,   81,   19,  457,
- /*  1680 */   313,   20,   82,  268,  488,  150,  810,  179,   83,  487,
- /*  1690 */   464,  151,  933,  180,  959,   84, 1040,   34,   96,   96,
- /*  1700 */   471, 1041,   35,  474,  193,   97,  248,  402,  517,  516,
- /*  1710 */  1068,  404,  923,  250,  256,  880,  229,  175,  875,  352,
- /*  1720 */   352,  351,  241,  349,  100,   21,  770,   22, 1054, 1056,
- /*  1730 */     7,   98,  507, 1045,    4,  337, 1058,   23,  974,  201,
- /*  1740 */   176,  280,   88,  923,  923,  925,  926,   24,  510,  279,
- /*  1750 */   960,  958,  962, 1014,  963, 1013,  235,  234,   25,   36,
- /*  1760 */    99,   90,  507,  928,    4,  511,  350,  782,   26,  841,
- /*  1770 */   236,  402,  347, 1069,  237, 1125, 1125, 1451,  510,  203,
- /*  1780 */  1450, 1125, 1125,  504, 1125, 1125, 1125,  204, 1125, 1125,
- /*  1790 */   146, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,  202, 1125, 1125,
- /*  1800 */  1125,  402,  933, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,   96,   96,
- /*  1810 */  1125, 1125, 1125,  504, 1125,   97, 1125,  402,  517,  516,
- /*  1820 */  1125, 1125,  923, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,
- /*  1830 */  1125,  371,  933, 1125, 1125, 1125,  274,  506,   96,   96,
- /*  1840 */  1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,   97, 1125,  402,  517,  516,
- /*  1850 */  1125, 1125,  923,  923,  923,  925,  926,   24, 1125,  409,
- /*  1860 */  1125, 1125, 1125,  256, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,  352,  352,
- /*  1870 */   351,  241,  349, 1125, 1125,  770, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,
- /*  1880 */  1125, 1125, 1125,  923,  923,  925,  926,   24,  201, 1125,
- /*  1890 */   280, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,  279, 1125,
- /*  1900 */  1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,
- /*  1910 */  1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,
- /*  1920 */  1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,  203, 1125,
- /*  1930 */  1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,  204, 1125, 1125,  146,
- /*  1940 */  1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,  202, 1125, 1125, 1125,
- /*  1950 */  1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,
- /*  1960 */  1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,
- /*  1970 */  1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,
- /*  1980 */   371, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,  274,  506, 1125, 1125, 1125,
- /*  1990 */  1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,
- /*  2000 */  1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125, 1125,  409,
+ /*     0 */   546, 1222,  546,  451, 1260,  546, 1239,  546,  114,  111,
+ /*    10 */   211,  546, 1537,  546, 1260,  523,  114,  111,  211,  392,
+ /*    20 */  1232,  344,   42,   42,   42,   42, 1225,   42,   42,   71,
+ /*    30 */    71,  937, 1224,   71,   71,   71,   71, 1462, 1493,  938,
+ /*    40 */   820,  453,    6,  121,  122,  112, 1165, 1165, 1006, 1009,
+ /*    50 */   999,  999,  119,  119,  120,  120,  120,  120, 1543,  392,
+ /*    60 */  1358, 1517,  552,    2, 1193,  194,  528,  436,  143,  291,
+ /*    70 */   528,  136,  528,  371,  261,  504,  272,  385, 1273,  527,
+ /*    80 */   503,  493,  164,  121,  122,  112, 1165, 1165, 1006, 1009,
+ /*    90 */   999,  999,  119,  119,  120,  120,  120,  120, 1358,  442,
+ /*   100 */  1514,  118,  118,  118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,
+ /*   110 */   115,  424,  266,  266,  266,  266, 1498,  358, 1500,  435,
+ /*   120 */   357, 1498,  517,  524, 1485,  543, 1114,  543, 1114,  392,
+ /*   130 */   405,  241,  208,  114,  111,  211,   98,  290,  537,  221,
+ /*   140 */  1029,  118,  118,  118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,
+ /*   150 */   115,  424, 1142,  121,  122,  112, 1165, 1165, 1006, 1009,
+ /*   160 */   999,  999,  119,  119,  120,  120,  120,  120,  406,  428,
+ /*   170 */   117,  117,  116,  116,  116,  115,  424, 1418,  468,  123,
+ /*   180 */   118,  118,  118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,  115,
+ /*   190 */   424,  116,  116,  116,  115,  424,  540,  540,  540,  392,
+ /*   200 */   505,  120,  120,  120,  120,  113, 1051, 1142, 1143, 1144,
+ /*   210 */  1051,  118,  118,  118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,
+ /*   220 */   115,  424, 1461,  121,  122,  112, 1165, 1165, 1006, 1009,
+ /*   230 */   999,  999,  119,  119,  120,  120,  120,  120,  392,  444,
+ /*   240 */   316,   83,  463,   81,  359,  382, 1142,   80,  118,  118,
+ /*   250 */   118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,  115,  424,  179,
+ /*   260 */   434,  424,  121,  122,  112, 1165, 1165, 1006, 1009,  999,
+ /*   270 */   999,  119,  119,  120,  120,  120,  120,  434,  433,  266,
+ /*   280 */   266,  118,  118,  118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,
+ /*   290 */   115,  424,  543, 1109,  903,  506, 1142,  114,  111,  211,
+ /*   300 */  1431, 1142, 1143, 1144,  206,  491, 1109,  392,  449, 1109,
+ /*   310 */   545,  330,  120,  120,  120,  120,  298, 1431, 1433,   17,
+ /*   320 */   118,  118,  118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,  115,
+ /*   330 */   424,  121,  122,  112, 1165, 1165, 1006, 1009,  999,  999,
+ /*   340 */   119,  119,  120,  120,  120,  120,  392, 1358,  434, 1142,
+ /*   350 */   482, 1142, 1143, 1144,  996,  996, 1007, 1010,  445,  118,
+ /*   360 */   118,  118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,  115,  424,
+ /*   370 */   121,  122,  112, 1165, 1165, 1006, 1009,  999,  999,  119,
+ /*   380 */   119,  120,  120,  120,  120, 1054, 1054,  465, 1431,  118,
+ /*   390 */   118,  118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,  115,  424,
+ /*   400 */  1142,  451,  546, 1426, 1142, 1143, 1144,  233,  966, 1142,
+ /*   410 */   481,  478,  477,  171,  360,  392,  164,  407,  414,  842,
+ /*   420 */   476,  164,  185,  334,   71,   71, 1243, 1000,  118,  118,
+ /*   430 */   118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,  115,  424,  121,
+ /*   440 */   122,  112, 1165, 1165, 1006, 1009,  999,  999,  119,  119,
+ /*   450 */   120,  120,  120,  120,  392, 1142, 1143, 1144,  835,   12,
+ /*   460 */   314,  509,  163,  356, 1142, 1143, 1144,  114,  111,  211,
+ /*   470 */   508,  290,  537,  546,  276,  180,  290,  537,  121,  122,
+ /*   480 */   112, 1165, 1165, 1006, 1009,  999,  999,  119,  119,  120,
+ /*   490 */   120,  120,  120,  345,  484,   71,   71,  118,  118,  118,
+ /*   500 */   118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,  115,  424, 1142,  209,
+ /*   510 */   411,  523, 1142, 1109, 1571,  378,  252,  269,  342,  487,
+ /*   520 */   337,  486,  238,  392,  513,  364, 1109, 1127,  333, 1109,
+ /*   530 */   191,  409,  286,   32,  457,  443,  118,  118,  118,  118,
+ /*   540 */   117,  117,  116,  116,  116,  115,  424,  121,  122,  112,
+ /*   550 */  1165, 1165, 1006, 1009,  999,  999,  119,  119,  120,  120,
+ /*   560 */   120,  120,  392, 1142, 1143, 1144,  987, 1142, 1143, 1144,
+ /*   570 */  1142,  233,  492, 1492,  481,  478,  477,    6,  163,  546,
+ /*   580 */   512,  546,  115,  424,  476,    5,  121,  122,  112, 1165,
+ /*   590 */  1165, 1006, 1009,  999,  999,  119,  119,  120,  120,  120,
+ /*   600 */   120,   13,   13,   13,   13,  118,  118,  118,  118,  117,
+ /*   610 */   117,  116,  116,  116,  115,  424,  403,  502,  408,  546,
+ /*   620 */  1486,  544, 1142,  892,  892, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1473, 1142,
+ /*   630 */   275,  392,  808,  809,  810,  971,  422,  422,  422,   16,
+ /*   640 */    16,   55,   55, 1242,  118,  118,  118,  118,  117,  117,
+ /*   650 */   116,  116,  116,  115,  424,  121,  122,  112, 1165, 1165,
+ /*   660 */  1006, 1009,  999,  999,  119,  119,  120,  120,  120,  120,
+ /*   670 */   392, 1189,    1,    1,  552,    2, 1193, 1142, 1143, 1144,
+ /*   680 */   194,  291,  898,  136, 1142, 1143, 1144,  897,  521, 1492,
+ /*   690 */  1273,    3,  380,    6,  121,  122,  112, 1165, 1165, 1006,
+ /*   700 */  1009,  999,  999,  119,  119,  120,  120,  120,  120,  858,
+ /*   710 */   546,  924,  546,  118,  118,  118,  118,  117,  117,  116,
+ /*   720 */   116,  116,  115,  424,  266,  266, 1092, 1569, 1142,  551,
+ /*   730 */  1569, 1193,   13,   13,   13,   13,  291,  543,  136,  392,
+ /*   740 */   485,  421,  420,  966,  344, 1273,  468,  410,  859,  279,
+ /*   750 */   140,  221,  118,  118,  118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,
+ /*   760 */   116,  115,  424,  121,  122,  112, 1165, 1165, 1006, 1009,
+ /*   770 */   999,  999,  119,  119,  120,  120,  120,  120,  546,  266,
+ /*   780 */   266,  428,  392, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1172,  830, 1172,  468,
+ /*   790 */   431,  145,  543, 1146,  401,  314,  439,  302,  838, 1490,
+ /*   800 */    71,   71,  412,    6, 1090,  473,  221,  100,  112, 1165,
+ /*   810 */  1165, 1006, 1009,  999,  999,  119,  119,  120,  120,  120,
+ /*   820 */   120,  118,  118,  118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,
+ /*   830 */   115,  424,  237, 1425,  546,  451,  428,  287,  986,  546,
+ /*   840 */   236,  235,  234,  830,   97,  529,  429, 1265, 1265, 1146,
+ /*   850 */   494,  307,  430,  838,  977,  546,   71,   71,  976, 1241,
+ /*   860 */   546,   51,   51,  300,  118,  118,  118,  118,  117,  117,
+ /*   870 */   116,  116,  116,  115,  424,  194,  103,   70,   70,  266,
+ /*   880 */   266,  546,   71,   71,  266,  266,   30,  391,  344,  976,
+ /*   890 */   976,  978,  543,  528, 1109,  328,  392,  543,  495,  397,
+ /*   900 */  1470,  195,  530,   13,   13, 1358,  240, 1109,  277,  280,
+ /*   910 */  1109,  280,  304,  457,  306,  333,  392,   31,  188,  419,
+ /*   920 */   121,  122,  112, 1165, 1165, 1006, 1009,  999,  999,  119,
+ /*   930 */   119,  120,  120,  120,  120,  142,  392,  365,  457,  986,
+ /*   940 */   121,  122,  112, 1165, 1165, 1006, 1009,  999,  999,  119,
+ /*   950 */   119,  120,  120,  120,  120,  977,  323, 1142,  326,  976,
+ /*   960 */   121,  110,  112, 1165, 1165, 1006, 1009,  999,  999,  119,
+ /*   970 */   119,  120,  120,  120,  120,  464,  377, 1185,  118,  118,
+ /*   980 */   118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,  115,  424, 1142,
+ /*   990 */   976,  976,  978,  305,    9,  366,  244,  362,  118,  118,
+ /*  1000 */   118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,  115,  424,  313,
+ /*  1010 */   546,  344, 1142, 1143, 1144,  299,  290,  537,  118,  118,
+ /*  1020 */   118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,  115,  424, 1263,
+ /*  1030 */  1263, 1163,   13,   13,  278,  421,  420,  468,  392,  923,
+ /*  1040 */   260,  260,  289, 1169, 1142, 1143, 1144,  189, 1171,  266,
+ /*  1050 */   266,  468,  390,  543, 1186,  546, 1170,  263,  144,  489,
+ /*  1060 */   922,  546,  543,  122,  112, 1165, 1165, 1006, 1009,  999,
+ /*  1070 */   999,  119,  119,  120,  120,  120,  120,   71,   71, 1142,
+ /*  1080 */  1172, 1272, 1172,   13,   13,  898, 1070, 1163,  546,  468,
+ /*  1090 */   897,  107,  538, 1491,    4, 1268, 1109,    6,  525, 1049,
+ /*  1100 */    12, 1071, 1092, 1570,  312,  455, 1570,  520,  541, 1109,
+ /*  1110 */    56,   56, 1109, 1489,  423, 1358, 1072,    6,  345,  285,
+ /*  1120 */   118,  118,  118,  118,  117,  117,  116,  116,  116,  115,
+ /*  1130 */   424,  425, 1271,  321, 1142, 1143, 1144,  878,  266,  266,
+ /*  1140 */  1277,  107,  538,  535,    4, 1488,  293,  879, 1211,    6,
+ /*  1150 */   210,  543,  543,  164,  294,  496,  416,  204,  541,  267,
+ /*  1160 */   267, 1214,  398,  511,  499,  204,  266,  266,  396,  531,
+ /*  1170 */     8,  986,  543,  519,  546,  922,  458,  105,  105,  543,
+ /*  1180 */  1090,  425,  266,  266,  106,  417,  425,  548,  547,  266,
+ /*  1190 */   266,  976,  518,  535, 1373,  543,   15,   15,  266,  266,
+ /*  1200 */   456, 1120,  543,  266,  266, 1070, 1372,  515,  290,  537,
+ /*  1210 */   546,  543,  514,   97,  444,  316,  543,  546,  922,  125,
+ /*  1220 */  1071,  986,  976,  976,  978,  979,   27,  105,  105,  401,
+ /*  1230 */   343, 1511,   44,   44,  106, 1072,  425,  548,  547,   57,
+ /*  1240 */    57,  976,  343, 1511,  107,  538,  546,    4,  462,  401,
+ /*  1250 */   214, 1120,  459,  297,  377, 1091,  534, 1309,  546,  539,
+ /*  1260 */   398,  541,  290,  537,  104,  244,  102,  526,   58,   58,
+ /*  1270 */   546,  199,  976,  976,  978,  979,   27, 1516, 1131,  427,
+ /*  1280 */    59,   59,  270,  237,  425,  138,   95,  375,  375,  374,
+ /*  1290 */   255,  372,   60,   60,  817, 1180,  535,  546,  273,  546,
+ /*  1300 */  1163, 1308,  389,  388,  546,  438,  546,  215,  210,  296,
+ /*  1310 */   515,  849,  546,  265,  208,  516, 1476,  295,  274,   61,
+ /*  1320 */    61,   62,   62,  308,  986,  109,   45,   45,   46,   46,
+ /*  1330 */   105,  105, 1186,  922,   47,   47,  341,  106,  546,  425,
+ /*  1340 */   548,  547, 1542,  546,  976,  867,  340,  217,  546,  937,
+ /*  1350 */   397,  107,  538,  218,    4,  156, 1163,  938,  158,  546,
+ /*  1360 */    49,   49, 1162,  546,  268,   50,   50,  546,  541, 1450,
+ /*  1370 */    63,   63,  546, 1449,  216,  976,  976,  978,  979,   27,
+ /*  1380 */   446,   64,   64,  546,  460,   65,   65,  546,  318,   14,
+ /*  1390 */    14,  425, 1305,  546,   66,   66, 1087,  546,  141,  379,
+ /*  1400 */    38,  546,  963,  535,  322,  127,  127,  546,  393,   67,
+ /*  1410 */    67,  546,  325,  290,  537,   52,   52,  515,  546,   68,
+ /*  1420 */    68,  845,  514,   69,   69,  399,  165,  857,  856,   53,
+ /*  1430 */    53,  986,  311,  151,  151,   97,  432,  105,  105,  327,
+ /*  1440 */   152,  152,  526, 1048,  106, 1048,  425,  548,  547, 1131,
+ /*  1450 */   427,  976, 1032,  270,  968,  239,  329,  243,  375,  375,
+ /*  1460 */   374,  255,  372,  940,  941,  817, 1296,  546,  220,  546,
+ /*  1470 */   107,  538,  546,    4,  546, 1256,  199,  845,  215, 1036,
+ /*  1480 */   296, 1530,  976,  976,  978,  979,   27,  541,  295,   76,
+ /*  1490 */    76,   54,   54,  980,   72,   72,  128,  128,  864,  865,
+ /*  1500 */   107,  538,  546,    4, 1047,  546, 1047,  533,  469,  546,
+ /*  1510 */   425,  546,  450, 1240,  546,  243,  546,  541,  217,  546,
+ /*  1520 */   452,  197,  535,  243,   73,   73,  156,  129,  129,  158,
+ /*  1530 */   336,  130,  130,  126,  126, 1036,  150,  150,  149,  149,
+ /*  1540 */   425,  134,  134,  317,  474,  216,   97,  239,  331,  980,
+ /*  1550 */   986,   97,  535,  346,  347,  546,  105,  105,  902,  931,
+ /*  1560 */   546,  895,  243,  106,  109,  425,  548,  547,  546, 1505,
+ /*  1570 */   976,  828,   99,  538,  139,    4,  546,  133,  133,  393,
+ /*  1580 */   986, 1317,  131,  131,  290,  537,  105,  105, 1357,  541,
+ /*  1590 */   132,  132, 1292,  106, 1303,  425,  548,  547,   75,   75,
+ /*  1600 */   976,  976,  976,  978,  979,   27,  546,  432,  896, 1289,
+ /*  1610 */   532,  109,  425, 1363,  546, 1221, 1213, 1202,  258,  546,
+ /*  1620 */   349,  546, 1201,   11,  535, 1203, 1524,  351,   77,   77,
+ /*  1630 */   376,  976,  976,  978,  979,   27,   74,   74,  353,  213,
+ /*  1640 */   301,   43,   43,   48,   48,  437,  310,  201,  303, 1350,
+ /*  1650 */   315,  355,  986,  454,  479, 1239,  339,  192,  105,  105,
+ /*  1660 */  1422, 1421,  193,  536,  205,  106, 1527,  425,  548,  547,
+ /*  1670 */  1180,  167,  976,  270,  247, 1469, 1467, 1177,  375,  375,
+ /*  1680 */   374,  255,  372,  200,  369,  817,  400,   83,   79,   82,
+ /*  1690 */  1427,  448,  177,   95, 1342,  161,  169, 1339,  215,  440,
+ /*  1700 */   296,  172,  173,  976,  976,  978,  979,   27,  295,  174,
+ /*  1710 */   175,  441,  472,  223, 1347,  383,   35,  381,   36,  461,
+ /*  1720 */    88, 1353,  181,  447,  384, 1416,  227,  467,  259,  229,
+ /*  1730 */   186,  488,  470,  324, 1250,  230,  231,  320,  217, 1204,
+ /*  1740 */  1438, 1259,  386, 1258,  413,   90,  156,  849, 1541,  158,
+ /*  1750 */   206,  415, 1540,  507, 1300, 1257,   94,  348, 1229, 1301,
+ /*  1760 */   387, 1510, 1228,  338, 1227,  216,  350, 1539,  498,  283,
+ /*  1770 */   284, 1249,  501, 1299,  352,  245,  246,  418, 1298,  354,
+ /*  1780 */  1496, 1495,  124,   10,  526,  363,  101, 1324,  253,   96,
+ /*  1790 */   510, 1210,   34,  549, 1137,  254,  256,  257,  166,  393,
+ /*  1800 */   550, 1199, 1282,  361,  290,  537, 1281,  196,  367,  368,
+ /*  1810 */  1194,  153, 1454,  137,  281, 1323, 1455,  804,  154,  426,
+ /*  1820 */   198,  155, 1453, 1452,  292,  212,  202,  432, 1402,  203,
+ /*  1830 */   271,  135,  288,   78, 1046, 1044,  960,  168,  157,  881,
+ /*  1840 */   170,  219,  309,  222, 1060,  176,  964,  159,  402,   84,
+ /*  1850 */   178,  404,   85,   86,   87,  160, 1063,  224,  394,  395,
+ /*  1860 */   225, 1059,  146,   18,  226,  319,  243, 1174,  466,  228,
+ /*  1870 */  1052,  182,  183,   37,  819,  471,  340,  232,  332,  483,
+ /*  1880 */   184,   89,  162,   19,   20,  475,   91,  480,  847,  335,
+ /*  1890 */   147,  860,  282,   92,  490,   93, 1125,  148, 1012, 1095,
+ /*  1900 */    39,  497, 1096,   40,  500,  262,  207,  264,  930,  187,
+ /*  1910 */   925,  109, 1111, 1115, 1113,    7, 1099,  242,   33, 1119,
+ /*  1920 */    21,  522,   22,   23,   24, 1118,   25,  190,   97,   26,
+ /*  1930 */  1027, 1013, 1011, 1015, 1069, 1016, 1068,  249,  248,   28,
+ /*  1940 */    41,  891,  981,  829,  108,   29,  250,  542,  251,  370,
+ /*  1950 */   373, 1133, 1132, 1190, 1190, 1190, 1190, 1190, 1190, 1190,
+ /*  1960 */  1532, 1531,
 };
 static const YYCODETYPE yy_lookahead[] = {
- /*     0 */   184,  238,  239,  240,  238,  239,  240,  163,  155,  156,
- /*    10 */   157,  158,  159,  160,  163,  191,  192,  183,  165,   19,
- /*    20 */   167,  258,  202,  203,  200,  191,  163,  174,  184,  185,
- /*    30 */   174,   31,  163,  163,  171,  184,  185,   35,  175,   39,
- /*    40 */   179,  180,  181,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
- /*    50 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  184,  206,
- /*    60 */   207,  163,  206,  207,  220,  163,   16,  163,   66,  163,
- /*    70 */    59,  270,  219,  229,  273,  219,   74,  208,  174,  223,
- /*    80 */   224,  163,  184,  185,  163,  232,  184,  185,  184,  185,
- /*    90 */   184,  185,   92,   93,   94,   95,   96,   97,   98,   99,
- /*   100 */   100,  101,  102,  233,  198,  184,  185,   96,   97,  163,
- /*   110 */   206,  207,   19,  163,  261,  104,  105,  106,  107,  198,
- /*   120 */   109,  119,  220,  219,  220,  274,  275,   77,  117,   79,
- /*   130 */   187,  229,   19,  229,  184,  185,   43,   44,   45,   46,
- /*   140 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
- /*   150 */    57,  233,  141,  134,  143,  102,   43,   44,   45,   46,
- /*   160 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
- /*   170 */    57,  152,  274,  216,  276,  218,   83,  163,   85,  233,
- /*   180 */    67,  238,  239,  240,   11,   92,   93,   94,   95,   96,
- /*   190 */    97,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,   19,   54,   55,   56,
- /*   200 */    57,   58,  163,   26,  163,   92,   93,   94,   95,   96,
- /*   210 */    97,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,   54,   55,   56,   57,
- /*   220 */    43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,
- /*   230 */    53,   54,   55,   56,   57,   92,   93,   94,   95,   96,
- /*   240 */    97,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,   69,   96,   97,   98,
- /*   250 */    99,  100,  101,  102,   92,   93,   94,   95,   96,   97,
- /*   260 */    98,   99,  100,  101,  102,   81,  179,  180,  181,   92,
- /*   270 */    93,   94,   95,   96,   97,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,
- /*   280 */   163,  267,  268,  163,   22,   23,   59,  163,   26,   19,
- /*   290 */   117,  118,  175,  109,   24,   59,   92,   93,   94,   95,
- /*   300 */    96,   97,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,  268,  184,  185,
- /*   310 */   269,  127,  128,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
- /*   320 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  157,  158,
- /*   330 */   159,  160,  105,  106,  107,  163,  165,   59,  167,  184,
- /*   340 */    90,  105,  106,  107,  108,  174,   73,  111,  112,  113,
- /*   350 */    19,   22,  163,   91,   81,  163,  106,  121,   81,  132,
- /*   360 */   110,   16,   92,   93,   94,   95,   96,   97,   98,   99,
- /*   370 */   100,  101,  102,  184,  185,  255,   98,  206,  207,   26,
- /*   380 */   101,  102,   19,  105,  106,  107,   23,  198,   59,  116,
- /*   390 */   219,  141,  142,  143,   24,  163,  187,  205,  274,  275,
- /*   400 */   127,  128,  182,  232,  127,  128,   43,   44,   45,   46,
- /*   410 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
- /*   420 */    57,  158,   77,  160,   79,   59,   26,  182,  165,   59,
- /*   430 */   167,  199,  261,  102,  105,  106,  107,  174,   72,  108,
- /*   440 */   109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  114,   59,  238,  239,  240,
- /*   450 */   123,  120,  125,  126,  163,   92,   93,   94,   95,   96,
- /*   460 */    97,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,  163,  163,  163,  206,
- /*   470 */   207,  105,  106,  107,  254,   19,  106,   90,  197,   23,
- /*   480 */   127,  128,  219,  238,  239,  240,   22,  184,  185,  184,
- /*   490 */   185,   22,  105,  106,  149,  232,  205,  110,  163,   43,
- /*   500 */    44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,
- /*   510 */    54,   55,   56,   57,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,  184,
- /*   520 */   185,  163,   53,   59,  261,  220,  117,  118,  141,  142,
- /*   530 */   143,  131,  174,   59,  229,  116,  117,  118,  163,   59,
- /*   540 */   163,  163,  184,  185,   59,  242,   72,   22,   92,   93,
- /*   550 */    94,   95,   96,   97,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,  184,
- /*   560 */   185,   24,  184,  185,  206,  207,  202,  203,   19,  105,
- /*   570 */   106,  107,   23,  198,   22,  174,  198,  219,  220,  105,
- /*   580 */   106,  107,   96,   97,   59,  105,  106,  107,   22,  174,
- /*   590 */    59,  106,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,
- /*   600 */    51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  206,  207,   12,
- /*   610 */   108,   59,  132,  111,  112,  113,   46,   47,   48,   49,
- /*   620 */   219,  206,  207,  121,   27,   59,  163,  141,  207,  143,
- /*   630 */   105,  106,  107,  163,  219,  234,  105,  106,  107,   42,
- /*   640 */   219,   92,   93,   94,   95,   96,   97,   98,   99,  100,
- /*   650 */   101,  102,   76,  163,  184,  185,  163,  105,  106,  107,
- /*   660 */    63,   19,   86,  163,  163,   23,  163,  130,  205,   21,
- /*   670 */    73,  105,  106,  107,  184,  185,  163,  184,  185,  237,
- /*   680 */   110,  180,  181,  180,  181,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
- /*   690 */    48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,
- /*   700 */   174,  163,  163,   22,   23,  163,  163,   26,   22,   23,
- /*   710 */   220,   29,   73,  220,  272,   33,   22,  163,   24,   19,
- /*   720 */   174,  208,  259,  184,  185,   19,  184,  185,   80,  175,
- /*   730 */   230,  174,  206,  207,   92,   93,   94,   95,   96,   97,
- /*   740 */    98,   99,  100,  101,  102,  219,   46,   65,  247,  195,
- /*   750 */   247,  197,  206,  207,   19,  116,  117,  118,   23,  220,
- /*   760 */   112,  174,  220,  206,  207,  219,   22,  174,   24,  174,
- /*   770 */    22,   23,   91,  264,  265,  168,  219,   91,   43,   44,
- /*   780 */    45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,
- /*   790 */    55,   56,   57,  206,  207,   12,  163,  149,  255,  206,
- /*   800 */   207,  206,  207,   59,  104,   23,  219,  163,   26,  163,
- /*   810 */    27,  105,  219,  163,  219,  163,  211,  184,  185,  163,
- /*   820 */   120,  163,  146,  163,  148,   42,  221,   92,   93,   94,
- /*   830 */    95,   96,   97,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,  163,   91,
- /*   840 */   184,  185,  184,  185,  184,  185,   63,   19,  163,  205,
- /*   850 */   106,   23,  245,  163,  208,  248,  116,  117,  118,  184,
- /*   860 */   185,  163,  163,    7,    8,    9,  163,   19,   26,  184,
- /*   870 */   185,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,
- /*   880 */    52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  163,  184,  185,  107,
- /*   890 */   163,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,
- /*   900 */    52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  208,  255,  177,  178,
- /*   910 */   163,  184,  185,  163,  132,  163,  141,  163,  143,   22,
- /*   920 */    92,   93,   94,   95,   96,   97,   98,   99,  100,  101,
- /*   930 */   102,  184,  185,  163,  184,  185,  184,  185,  184,  185,
- /*   940 */    92,   93,   94,   95,   96,   97,   98,   99,  100,  101,
- /*   950 */   102,  163,  163,  163,  184,  185,  163,  115,  163,  163,
- /*   960 */   163,  163,   15,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,   23,  163,
- /*   970 */   163,   26,  184,  185,  184,  185,  163,  184,  185,  184,
- /*   980 */   185,  184,  185,  163,  184,  185,  184,  185,  184,  185,
- /*   990 */   184,  185,  163,   96,   97,  147,  163,  184,  185,  163,
- /*  1000 */   199,  163,  163,  205,  184,  185,  163,   60,  163,  141,
- /*  1010 */   163,  143,  163,  184,  185,   19,  163,  184,  185,  230,
- /*  1020 */   184,  185,  184,  185,  206,  207,  230,  184,  185,  184,
- /*  1030 */   185,  184,  185,  184,  185,   19,  163,  219,  231,   43,
- /*  1040 */    44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,
- /*  1050 */    54,   55,   56,   57,  163,   26,  163,  184,  185,   43,
- /*  1060 */    44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,
- /*  1070 */    54,   55,   56,   57,  163,  184,  185,  184,  185,  163,
- /*  1080 */   182,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,   22,  163,   92,   93,
- /*  1090 */    94,   95,   96,   97,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,  163,
- /*  1100 */   184,  185,  184,  185,  163,  184,  185,  163,   92,   93,
- /*  1110 */    94,   95,   96,   97,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,  163,
- /*  1120 */   184,  185,   98,   59,  163,  184,  185,  205,  184,  185,
- /*  1130 */    23,  206,  207,   26,  163,   26,  107,  153,  154,  237,
- /*  1140 */   184,  185,  231,  147,  219,  184,  185,  249,  124,  127,
- /*  1150 */   128,  231,  254,  129,  163,  231,  177,  178,  262,  263,
- /*  1160 */   118,  132,   19,   19,   46,  223,  224,   31,   24,   23,
- /*  1170 */   106,  124,   26,   22,  272,   39,  129,   23,  109,  110,
- /*  1180 */    26,  163,  140,   19,   22,  234,   59,   43,   44,   45,
- /*  1190 */    46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,
- /*  1200 */    56,   57,  231,    7,    8,  193,   59,   43,   44,   45,
- /*  1210 */    46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,
- /*  1220 */    56,   57,  104,   61,   23,   23,   23,   26,   26,   26,
- /*  1230 */   163,   23,   23,  106,   26,   26,   92,   93,   94,   95,
- /*  1240 */    96,   97,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,  138,  105,   23,
- /*  1250 */    59,   23,   26,  106,   26,  163,   92,   93,   94,   95,
- /*  1260 */    96,   97,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,  110,   23,   23,
- /*  1270 */    23,   26,   26,   26,  163,  163,   19,  120,  163,  163,
- /*  1280 */   163,  130,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,  193,
- /*  1290 */   193,  163,  163,  163,  163,  225,   19,  106,  163,  222,
- /*  1300 */   163,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,
- /*  1310 */    53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  163,  163,  203,  163,  163,
- /*  1320 */   222,  163,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,
- /*  1330 */    53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  163,  163,  163,  163,  163,
- /*  1340 */   251,  250,  209,   19,   20,  182,   22,  161,  222,   92,
- /*  1350 */    93,   94,   95,   96,   97,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,
- /*  1360 */    36,  222,  222,  260,  226,  188,  256,  226,  187,   92,
- /*  1370 */    93,   94,   95,   96,   97,   98,   99,  100,  101,  102,
- /*  1380 */   210,  213,  213,   59,  213,  196,  192,  187,  256,  244,
- /*  1390 */   212,  187,  226,   19,   20,   71,   22,  210,  166,   60,
- /*  1400 */   130,  170,  260,  170,   38,   81,  257,  257,  170,  104,
- /*  1410 */    36,   22,   43,  201,   90,  236,  138,  235,  213,   18,
- /*  1420 */    96,   97,   48,  204,  204,  204,  204,  103,  170,  105,
- /*  1430 */   106,  107,   18,   59,  110,  169,  213,  213,  201,  170,
- /*  1440 */   201,  169,  236,  213,  146,   71,  235,   62,  253,  252,
- /*  1450 */   170,  127,  128,  169,   22,  170,   82,  189,  169,  104,
- /*  1460 */   170,   87,  169,  189,   90,  141,  142,  143,  144,  145,
- /*  1470 */    96,   97,  186,  186,  186,   64,  194,  103,  186,  105,
- /*  1480 */   106,  107,  115,  189,  110,  188,  186,  186,   19,   20,
- /*  1490 */   194,   22,  186,  189,  102,  246,  246,  189,  133,  228,
- /*  1500 */   104,  228,  227,  227,  170,   36,  134,  228,  227,   19,
- /*  1510 */    20,  228,   22,   84,  271,  141,  142,  143,  144,  145,
- /*  1520 */     0,    1,    2,  216,   22,    5,   36,  137,   59,  227,
- /*  1530 */    10,   11,   12,   13,   14,  217,  269,   17,  216,   22,
- /*  1540 */    71,  170,  243,  146,  241,  217,  136,  215,  135,   59,
- /*  1550 */    30,   82,   32,   25,  214,  213,   87,  173,   26,   90,
- /*  1560 */    40,   71,   13,  172,  164,   96,   97,  164,    6,  162,
- /*  1570 */   162,  162,  103,  263,  105,  106,  107,  266,  266,  110,
- /*  1580 */    90,  176,  176,  190,  182,  190,   96,   97,   98,    4,
- /*  1590 */    70,  176,    3,  103,  182,  105,  106,  107,   78,  182,
- /*  1600 */   110,   81,  182,  182,  182,  182,  182,  151,   88,   22,
- /*  1610 */   141,  142,  143,  144,  145,   15,   89,   16,   23,   23,
- /*  1620 */   128,   19,   20,  139,   22,  119,  131,   24,   20,  133,
- /*  1630 */    16,  141,  142,  143,  144,  145,    1,  140,   36,  131,
- /*  1640 */   119,   61,  122,   37,  139,   53,   53,  127,  128,  119,
- /*  1650 */    53,   53,  105,   34,  130,    1,    5,  104,   22,  149,
- /*  1660 */    26,   59,   68,   75,   41,  130,   24,   68,  104,   20,
- /*  1670 */   150,   19,  120,   71,  114,   22,   67,   22,   22,   67,
- /*  1680 */    23,   22,   22,   67,   82,   37,   28,   23,  138,   87,
- /*  1690 */    22,  153,   90,   23,   23,   26,   23,   22,   96,   97,
- /*  1700 */    24,   23,   22,   24,  130,  103,   23,  105,  106,  107,
- /*  1710 */     1,    2,  110,   23,    5,  105,   34,   22,  132,   10,
- /*  1720 */    11,   12,   13,   14,   26,   34,   17,   34,   85,   83,
- /*  1730 */    44,   19,   20,   23,   22,   24,   75,   34,   23,   30,
- /*  1740 */    26,   32,   26,  141,  142,  143,  144,  145,   36,   40,
- /*  1750 */    23,   23,   23,   23,   11,   23,   22,   26,   22,   22,
- /*  1760 */    22,   19,   20,   23,   22,   26,   15,   23,   22,  124,
- /*  1770 */   130,   59,   23,    1,  130,  277,  277,  130,   36,   70,
- /*  1780 */   130,  277,  277,   71,  277,  277,  277,   78,  277,  277,
- /*  1790 */    81,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,   88,  277,  277,
- /*  1800 */   277,   59,   90,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,   96,   97,
- /*  1810 */   277,  277,  277,   71,  277,  103,  277,  105,  106,  107,
- /*  1820 */   277,  277,  110,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,
- /*  1830 */   277,  122,   90,  277,  277,  277,  127,  128,   96,   97,
- /*  1840 */   277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  103,  277,  105,  106,  107,
- /*  1850 */   277,  277,  110,  141,  142,  143,  144,  145,  277,  150,
- /*  1860 */   277,  277,  277,    5,  277,  277,  277,  277,   10,   11,
- /*  1870 */    12,   13,   14,  277,  277,   17,  277,  277,  277,  277,
- /*  1880 */   277,  277,  277,  141,  142,  143,  144,  145,   30,  277,
- /*  1890 */    32,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,   40,  277,
- /*  1900 */   277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,
- /*  1910 */   277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,
- /*  1920 */   277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,   70,  277,
- /*  1930 */   277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,   78,  277,  277,   81,
- /*  1940 */   277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,   88,  277,  277,  277,
- /*  1950 */   277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,
- /*  1960 */   277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,
- /*  1970 */   277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,
- /*  1980 */   122,  277,  277,  277,  277,  127,  128,  277,  277,  277,
- /*  1990 */   277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,
- /*  2000 */   277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  150,  277,
- /*  2010 */   277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,
+ /*     0 */   189,  211,  189,  189,  218,  189,  220,  189,  267,  268,
+ /*    10 */   269,  189,  210,  189,  228,  189,  267,  268,  269,   19,
+ /*    20 */   218,  189,  211,  212,  211,  212,  211,  211,  212,  211,
+ /*    30 */   212,   31,  211,  211,  212,  211,  212,  288,  300,   39,
+ /*    40 */    21,  189,  304,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
+ /*    50 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  225,   19,
+ /*    60 */   189,  183,  184,  185,  186,  189,  248,  263,  236,  191,
+ /*    70 */   248,  193,  248,  197,  208,  257,  262,  201,  200,  257,
+ /*    80 */   200,  257,   81,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
+ /*    90 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  189,   80,
+ /*   100 */   189,  101,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,
+ /*   110 */   110,  111,  234,  235,  234,  235,  305,  306,  305,  118,
+ /*   120 */   307,  305,  306,  297,  298,  247,   86,  247,   88,   19,
+ /*   130 */   259,  251,  252,  267,  268,  269,   26,  136,  137,  261,
+ /*   140 */   121,  101,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,
+ /*   150 */   110,  111,   59,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
+ /*   160 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  259,  291,
+ /*   170 */   105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  158,  189,   69,
+ /*   180 */   101,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,
+ /*   190 */   111,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  205,  206,  207,   19,
+ /*   200 */    19,   54,   55,   56,   57,   58,   29,  114,  115,  116,
+ /*   210 */    33,  101,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,
+ /*   220 */   110,  111,  233,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
+ /*   230 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,   19,  126,
+ /*   240 */   127,  148,   65,   24,  214,  200,   59,   67,  101,  102,
+ /*   250 */   103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,   22,
+ /*   260 */   189,  111,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,
+ /*   270 */    51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  206,  207,  234,
+ /*   280 */   235,  101,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,
+ /*   290 */   110,  111,  247,   76,  107,  114,   59,  267,  268,  269,
+ /*   300 */   189,  114,  115,  116,  162,  163,   89,   19,  263,   92,
+ /*   310 */   189,   23,   54,   55,   56,   57,  189,  206,  207,   22,
+ /*   320 */   101,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,
+ /*   330 */   111,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,
+ /*   340 */    52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,   19,  189,  277,   59,
+ /*   350 */    23,  114,  115,  116,   46,   47,   48,   49,   61,  101,
+ /*   360 */   102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,
+ /*   370 */    43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,
+ /*   380 */    53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  125,  126,  127,  277,  101,
+ /*   390 */   102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,
+ /*   400 */    59,  189,  189,  276,  114,  115,  116,  117,   73,   59,
+ /*   410 */   120,  121,  122,   72,  214,   19,   81,  259,   19,   23,
+ /*   420 */   130,   81,   72,   24,  211,  212,  221,  119,  101,  102,
+ /*   430 */   103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,   43,
+ /*   440 */    44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,
+ /*   450 */    54,   55,   56,   57,   19,  114,  115,  116,   23,  208,
+ /*   460 */   125,  248,  189,  189,  114,  115,  116,  267,  268,  269,
+ /*   470 */   189,  136,  137,  189,  262,   22,  136,  137,   43,   44,
+ /*   480 */    45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,
+ /*   490 */    55,   56,   57,  189,   95,  211,  212,  101,  102,  103,
+ /*   500 */   104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,   59,  189,
+ /*   510 */   111,  189,   59,   76,  294,  295,  117,  118,  119,  120,
+ /*   520 */   121,  122,  123,   19,   87,  189,   89,   23,  129,   92,
+ /*   530 */   279,  227,  248,   22,  189,  284,  101,  102,  103,  104,
+ /*   540 */   105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,   43,   44,   45,
+ /*   550 */    46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,
+ /*   560 */    56,   57,   19,  114,  115,  116,   23,  114,  115,  116,
+ /*   570 */    59,  117,  299,  300,  120,  121,  122,  304,  189,  189,
+ /*   580 */   143,  189,  110,  111,  130,   22,   43,   44,   45,   46,
+ /*   590 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
+ /*   600 */    57,  211,  212,  211,  212,  101,  102,  103,  104,  105,
+ /*   610 */   106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  226,  189,  226,  189,
+ /*   620 */   298,  132,   59,  134,  135,  114,  115,  116,  189,   59,
+ /*   630 */   285,   19,    7,    8,    9,   23,  205,  206,  207,  211,
+ /*   640 */   212,  211,  212,  221,  101,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,
+ /*   650 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
+ /*   660 */    48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,
+ /*   670 */    19,  181,  182,  183,  184,  185,  186,  114,  115,  116,
+ /*   680 */   189,  191,  133,  193,  114,  115,  116,  138,  299,  300,
+ /*   690 */   200,   22,  201,  304,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,
+ /*   700 */    49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,   35,
+ /*   710 */   189,  141,  189,  101,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,
+ /*   720 */   108,  109,  110,  111,  234,  235,   22,   23,   59,  184,
+ /*   730 */    26,  186,  211,  212,  211,  212,  191,  247,  193,   19,
+ /*   740 */    66,  105,  106,   73,  189,  200,  189,  226,   74,  226,
+ /*   750 */    22,  261,  101,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,
+ /*   760 */   109,  110,  111,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
+ /*   770 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  189,  234,
+ /*   780 */   235,  291,   19,  114,  115,  116,  150,   59,  152,  189,
+ /*   790 */   233,  236,  247,   59,  189,  125,  126,  127,   59,  300,
+ /*   800 */   211,  212,  128,  304,  100,   19,  261,  156,   45,   46,
+ /*   810 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
+ /*   820 */    57,  101,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,
+ /*   830 */   110,  111,   46,  233,  189,  189,  291,  248,   99,  189,
+ /*   840 */   125,  126,  127,  115,   26,  200,  289,  230,  231,  115,
+ /*   850 */   200,   16,  189,  114,  115,  189,  211,  212,  119,  221,
+ /*   860 */   189,  211,  212,  258,  101,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,
+ /*   870 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  189,  156,  211,  212,  234,
+ /*   880 */   235,  189,  211,  212,  234,  235,   22,  201,  189,  150,
+ /*   890 */   151,  152,  247,  248,   76,   16,   19,  247,  248,  113,
+ /*   900 */   189,   24,  257,  211,  212,  189,   26,   89,  262,  223,
+ /*   910 */    92,  225,   77,  189,   79,  129,   19,   53,  226,  248,
+ /*   920 */    43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,
+ /*   930 */    53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  236,   19,  271,  189,   99,
+ /*   940 */    43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,
+ /*   950 */    53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  115,   77,   59,   79,  119,
+ /*   960 */    43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,
+ /*   970 */    53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  259,   22,   23,  101,  102,
+ /*   980 */   103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,   59,
+ /*   990 */   150,  151,  152,  158,   22,  244,   24,  246,  101,  102,
+ /*  1000 */   103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  285,
+ /*  1010 */   189,  189,  114,  115,  116,  200,  136,  137,  101,  102,
+ /*  1020 */   103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  230,
+ /*  1030 */   231,   59,  211,  212,  285,  105,  106,  189,   19,  141,
+ /*  1040 */   234,  235,  239,  113,  114,  115,  116,  226,  118,  234,
+ /*  1050 */   235,  189,  249,  247,  100,  189,  126,   23,  236,  107,
+ /*  1060 */    26,  189,  247,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,
+ /*  1070 */    51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  211,  212,   59,
+ /*  1080 */   150,  233,  152,  211,  212,  133,   12,  115,  189,  189,
+ /*  1090 */   138,   19,   20,  300,   22,  233,   76,  304,  226,   11,
+ /*  1100 */   208,   27,   22,   23,  200,   19,   26,   87,   36,   89,
+ /*  1110 */   211,  212,   92,  300,  248,  189,   42,  304,  189,  250,
+ /*  1120 */   101,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,
+ /*  1130 */   111,   59,  200,  233,  114,  115,  116,   63,  234,  235,
+ /*  1140 */   235,   19,   20,   71,   22,  300,  189,   73,  200,  304,
+ /*  1150 */   116,  247,  247,   81,  189,  200,  227,   26,   36,  234,
+ /*  1160 */   235,  203,  204,  143,  200,   26,  234,  235,  194,  200,
+ /*  1170 */    48,   99,  247,   66,  189,  141,  284,  105,  106,  247,
+ /*  1180 */   100,   59,  234,  235,  112,  259,  114,  115,  116,  234,
+ /*  1190 */   235,  119,   85,   71,  266,  247,  211,  212,  234,  235,
+ /*  1200 */   114,   94,  247,  234,  235,   12,  266,   85,  136,  137,
+ /*  1210 */   189,  247,   90,   26,  126,  127,  247,  189,   26,   22,
+ /*  1220 */    27,   99,  150,  151,  152,  153,  154,  105,  106,  189,
+ /*  1230 */   302,  303,  211,  212,  112,   42,  114,  115,  116,  211,
+ /*  1240 */   212,  119,  302,  303,   19,   20,  189,   22,  274,  189,
+ /*  1250 */    15,  144,  278,  189,   22,   23,   63,  189,  189,  203,
+ /*  1260 */   204,   36,  136,  137,  155,   24,  157,  143,  211,  212,
+ /*  1270 */   189,  140,  150,  151,  152,  153,  154,    0,    1,    2,
+ /*  1280 */   211,  212,    5,   46,   59,  161,  147,   10,   11,   12,
+ /*  1290 */    13,   14,  211,  212,   17,   60,   71,  189,  258,  189,
+ /*  1300 */    59,  189,  105,  106,  189,  189,  189,   30,  116,   32,
+ /*  1310 */    85,  124,  189,  251,  252,   90,  189,   40,  258,  211,
+ /*  1320 */   212,  211,  212,  189,   99,   26,  211,  212,  211,  212,
+ /*  1330 */   105,  106,  100,  141,  211,  212,  119,  112,  189,  114,
+ /*  1340 */   115,  116,   23,  189,  119,   26,  129,   70,  189,   31,
+ /*  1350 */   113,   19,   20,   24,   22,   78,  115,   39,   81,  189,
+ /*  1360 */   211,  212,   26,  189,   22,  211,  212,  189,   36,  189,
+ /*  1370 */   211,  212,  189,  189,   97,  150,  151,  152,  153,  154,
+ /*  1380 */   127,  211,  212,  189,  189,  211,  212,  189,  189,  211,
+ /*  1390 */   212,   59,  189,  189,  211,  212,   23,  189,   22,   26,
+ /*  1400 */    24,  189,  149,   71,  189,  211,  212,  189,  131,  211,
+ /*  1410 */   212,  189,  189,  136,  137,  211,  212,   85,  189,  211,
+ /*  1420 */   212,   59,   90,  211,  212,  292,  293,  118,  119,  211,
+ /*  1430 */   212,   99,   23,  211,  212,   26,  159,  105,  106,  189,
+ /*  1440 */   211,  212,  143,  150,  112,  152,  114,  115,  116,    1,
+ /*  1450 */     2,  119,   23,    5,   23,   26,  189,   26,   10,   11,
+ /*  1460 */    12,   13,   14,   83,   84,   17,  253,  189,  139,  189,
+ /*  1470 */    19,   20,  189,   22,  189,  189,  140,  115,   30,   59,
+ /*  1480 */    32,  139,  150,  151,  152,  153,  154,   36,   40,  211,
+ /*  1490 */   212,  211,  212,   59,  211,  212,  211,  212,    7,    8,
+ /*  1500 */    19,   20,  189,   22,  150,  189,  152,  231,  281,  189,
+ /*  1510 */    59,  189,   23,  189,  189,   26,  189,   36,   70,  189,
+ /*  1520 */    23,  237,   71,   26,  211,  212,   78,  211,  212,   81,
+ /*  1530 */   189,  211,  212,  211,  212,  115,  211,  212,  211,  212,
+ /*  1540 */    59,  211,  212,   23,   23,   97,   26,   26,   23,  115,
+ /*  1550 */    99,   26,   71,  189,  189,  189,  105,  106,  107,   23,
+ /*  1560 */   189,   23,   26,  112,   26,  114,  115,  116,  189,  309,
+ /*  1570 */   119,   23,   19,   20,   26,   22,  189,  211,  212,  131,
+ /*  1580 */    99,  189,  211,  212,  136,  137,  105,  106,  189,   36,
+ /*  1590 */   211,  212,  189,  112,  189,  114,  115,  116,  211,  212,
+ /*  1600 */   119,  150,  151,  152,  153,  154,  189,  159,   23,  250,
+ /*  1610 */   189,   26,   59,  189,  189,  189,  189,  189,  280,  189,
+ /*  1620 */   250,  189,  189,  238,   71,  189,  189,  250,  211,  212,
+ /*  1630 */   187,  150,  151,  152,  153,  154,  211,  212,  250,  290,
+ /*  1640 */   240,  211,  212,  211,  212,  254,  286,  209,  254,  241,
+ /*  1650 */   240,  254,   99,  286,  215,  220,  214,  244,  105,  106,
+ /*  1660 */   214,  214,  244,  273,  224,  112,  192,  114,  115,  116,
+ /*  1670 */    60,  290,  119,    5,  139,  196,  196,   38,   10,   11,
+ /*  1680 */    12,   13,   14,  238,  240,   17,  196,  148,  287,  287,
+ /*  1690 */   276,  113,   22,  147,  241,   43,  229,  241,   30,   18,
+ /*  1700 */    32,  232,  232,  150,  151,  152,  153,  154,   40,  232,
+ /*  1710 */   232,  196,   18,  195,  265,  265,  264,  241,  264,  196,
+ /*  1720 */   155,  229,  229,  241,  241,  241,  195,   62,  196,  195,
+ /*  1730 */    22,  113,  216,  196,  222,  195,  195,  282,   70,  196,
+ /*  1740 */   283,  213,  216,  213,   64,   22,   78,  124,  219,   81,
+ /*  1750 */   162,  111,  219,  142,  256,  213,  113,  255,  213,  256,
+ /*  1760 */   216,  303,  215,  213,  213,   97,  255,  213,  216,  275,
+ /*  1770 */   275,  222,  216,  256,  255,  196,   91,   82,  256,  255,
+ /*  1780 */   308,  308,  146,   22,  143,  196,  155,  260,   25,  145,
+ /*  1790 */   144,  199,   26,  198,   13,  190,  190,    6,  293,  131,
+ /*  1800 */   188,  188,  245,  244,  136,  137,  245,  243,  242,  241,
+ /*  1810 */   188,  202,  208,  217,  217,  260,  208,    4,  202,    3,
+ /*  1820 */    22,  202,  208,  208,  160,   15,  209,  159,  270,  209,
+ /*  1830 */    98,   16,  272,  208,   23,   23,  137,  148,  128,   20,
+ /*  1840 */   140,   24,   16,  142,    1,  140,  149,  128,   61,   53,
+ /*  1850 */   148,   37,   53,   53,   53,  128,  114,   34,  296,  296,
+ /*  1860 */   139,    1,    5,   22,  113,  158,   26,   75,   41,  139,
+ /*  1870 */    68,   68,  113,   24,   20,   19,  129,  123,   23,   96,
+ /*  1880 */    22,   22,   37,   22,   22,   67,   22,   67,   59,   24,
+ /*  1890 */    23,   28,   67,  147,   22,   26,   23,   23,   23,   23,
+ /*  1900 */    22,   24,   23,   22,   24,   23,  139,   23,  114,   22,
+ /*  1910 */   141,   26,   88,   75,   86,   44,   23,   34,   22,   75,
+ /*  1920 */    34,   24,   34,   34,   34,   93,   34,   26,   26,   34,
+ /*  1930 */    23,   23,   23,   23,   23,   11,   23,   22,   26,   22,
+ /*  1940 */    22,  133,   23,   23,   22,   22,  139,   26,  139,   23,
+ /*  1950 */    15,    1,    1,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  1960 */   139,  139,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  1970 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  1980 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  1990 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  2000 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  2010 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  2020 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  2030 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  2040 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  2050 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  2060 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  2070 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  2080 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  2090 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  2100 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  2110 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  2120 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  2130 */   310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,  310,
+ /*  2140 */   310,  310,  310,
 };
-#define YY_SHIFT_COUNT    (520)
+#define YY_SHIFT_COUNT    (552)
 #define YY_SHIFT_MIN      (0)
-#define YY_SHIFT_MAX      (1858)
+#define YY_SHIFT_MAX      (1951)
 static const unsigned short int yy_shift_ofst[] = {
- /*     0 */  1709, 1520, 1858, 1324, 1324,  277, 1374, 1469, 1602, 1712,
- /*    10 */  1712, 1712,  273,    0,    0,  113, 1016, 1712, 1712, 1712,
- /*    20 */  1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712,   11,   11,  236,
- /*    30 */   184,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,  277,   93,  177,  270,
- /*    40 */   363,  456,  549,  642,  735,  828,  848,  996, 1144, 1016,
- /*    50 */  1016, 1016, 1016, 1016, 1016, 1016, 1016, 1016, 1016, 1016,
- /*    60 */  1016, 1016, 1016, 1016, 1016, 1016, 1164, 1016, 1257, 1277,
- /*    70 */  1277, 1490, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712,
- /*    80 */  1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712,
- /*    90 */  1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712,
- /*   100 */  1712, 1712, 1712, 1742, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712,
- /*   110 */  1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712, 1712,  143,  162,  162,
- /*   120 */   162,  162,  162,  204,  151,  416,  531,  648,  700,  531,
- /*   130 */   486,  486,  531,  353,  353,  353,  353,  409,  279,   53,
- /*   140 */  2009, 2009,  331,  331,  331,  329,  366,  329,  329,  597,
- /*   150 */   597,  464,  474,  262,  681,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,
- /*   160 */   531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,
- /*   170 */   531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  173,  485,  984,
- /*   180 */   984,  576,  485,   19, 1022, 2009, 2009, 2009,  387,  250,
- /*   190 */   250,  525,  502,  278,  552,  227,  480,  566,  531,  531,
- /*   200 */   531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  639,  531,
- /*   210 */   531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,  531,
- /*   220 */   531,    2,    2,    2,  531,  531,  531,  531,  782,  531,
- /*   230 */   531,  531,  744,  531,  531,  783,  531,  531,  531,  531,
- /*   240 */   531,  531,  531,  531,  419,  682,  327,  370,  370,  370,
- /*   250 */   370, 1029,  327,  327, 1024,  897,  856,  947, 1109,  706,
- /*   260 */   706, 1143, 1109, 1109, 1143,  842,  945, 1118, 1136, 1136,
- /*   270 */  1136,  706,  676,  400, 1047,  694, 1339, 1270, 1270, 1366,
- /*   280 */  1366, 1270, 1305, 1389, 1369, 1278, 1401, 1401, 1401, 1401,
- /*   290 */  1270, 1414, 1278, 1278, 1305, 1389, 1369, 1369, 1278, 1270,
- /*   300 */  1414, 1298, 1385, 1270, 1414, 1432, 1270, 1414, 1270, 1414,
- /*   310 */  1432, 1355, 1355, 1355, 1411, 1432, 1355, 1367, 1355, 1411,
- /*   320 */  1355, 1355, 1432, 1392, 1392, 1432, 1365, 1396, 1365, 1396,
- /*   330 */  1365, 1396, 1365, 1396, 1270, 1372, 1429, 1502, 1390, 1372,
- /*   340 */  1517, 1270, 1397, 1390, 1410, 1413, 1278, 1528, 1532, 1549,
- /*   350 */  1549, 1562, 1562, 1562, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009,
- /*   360 */  2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009,
- /*   370 */   570,  345,  686,  748,   50,  740, 1064, 1107,  469,  537,
- /*   380 */  1042, 1146, 1162, 1154, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1208, 1209, 1127,
- /*   390 */  1069, 1196, 1157, 1147, 1226, 1228, 1245,  775,  868, 1246,
- /*   400 */  1247, 1191, 1151, 1585, 1589, 1587, 1456, 1600, 1527, 1601,
- /*   410 */  1595, 1596, 1492, 1484, 1506, 1603, 1495, 1608, 1496, 1614,
- /*   420 */  1635, 1508, 1497, 1521, 1580, 1606, 1505, 1592, 1593, 1597,
- /*   430 */  1598, 1530, 1547, 1619, 1524, 1654, 1651, 1636, 1553, 1510,
- /*   440 */  1594, 1634, 1599, 1588, 1623, 1535, 1564, 1642, 1649, 1652,
- /*   450 */  1552, 1560, 1653, 1609, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1659, 1612, 1658,
- /*   460 */  1660, 1616, 1648, 1664, 1550, 1668, 1538, 1670, 1671, 1669,
- /*   470 */  1673, 1675, 1676, 1678, 1680, 1679, 1574, 1683, 1690, 1610,
- /*   480 */  1682, 1695, 1586, 1698, 1691, 1698, 1693, 1643, 1661, 1646,
- /*   490 */  1686, 1710, 1711, 1714, 1716, 1703, 1715, 1698, 1727, 1728,
- /*   500 */  1729, 1730, 1731, 1732, 1734, 1743, 1736, 1737, 1740, 1744,
- /*   510 */  1738, 1746, 1739, 1645, 1640, 1644, 1647, 1650, 1749, 1751,
- /*   520 */  1772,
+ /*     0 */  1448, 1277, 1668, 1072, 1072,  340, 1122, 1225, 1332, 1481,
+ /*    10 */  1481, 1481,  335,    0,    0,  180,  897, 1481, 1481, 1481,
+ /*    20 */  1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481,
+ /*    30 */   930,  930, 1020, 1020,  290,    1,  340,  340,  340,  340,
+ /*    40 */   340,  340,   40,  110,  219,  288,  327,  396,  435,  504,
+ /*    50 */   543,  612,  651,  720,  877,  897,  897,  897,  897,  897,
+ /*    60 */   897,  897,  897,  897,  897,  897,  897,  897,  897,  897,
+ /*    70 */   897,  897,  897,  917,  897, 1019,  763,  763, 1451, 1481,
+ /*    80 */  1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481,
+ /*    90 */  1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481,
+ /*   100 */  1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481,
+ /*   110 */  1481, 1481, 1553, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481,
+ /*   120 */  1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481, 1481,  147,  258,  258,  258,
+ /*   130 */   258,  258,   79,   65,   84,  449,   19,  786,  449,  636,
+ /*   140 */   636,  449,  880,  880,  880,  880,  113,  142,  142,  472,
+ /*   150 */   150, 1962, 1962,  399,  399,  399,   93,  237,  341,  237,
+ /*   160 */   237, 1074, 1074,  437,  350,  704, 1080,  449,  449,  449,
+ /*   170 */   449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,
+ /*   180 */   449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  818,  818,
+ /*   190 */   449, 1088,  217,  217,  734,  734, 1124, 1126, 1962, 1962,
+ /*   200 */  1962,  739,  840,  840,  453,  454,  511,  187,  563,  570,
+ /*   210 */   898,  669,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,
+ /*   220 */   449,  670,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,
+ /*   230 */   449,  449,  449,  449,  674,  674,  674,  449,  449,  449,
+ /*   240 */   449, 1034,  449,  449,  449,  972, 1107,  449,  449, 1193,
+ /*   250 */   449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  449,  260,  177,
+ /*   260 */   489, 1241, 1241, 1241, 1241, 1192,  489,  489,  952, 1197,
+ /*   270 */   625, 1235, 1131,  181,  181, 1086, 1139, 1131, 1086, 1187,
+ /*   280 */  1319, 1237, 1318, 1318, 1318,  181, 1299, 1299, 1109, 1336,
+ /*   290 */   549, 1376, 1610, 1535, 1535, 1639, 1639, 1535, 1539, 1578,
+ /*   300 */  1670, 1546, 1652, 1546, 1681, 1681, 1681, 1681, 1535, 1694,
+ /*   310 */  1546, 1546, 1578, 1670, 1652, 1546, 1652, 1546, 1535, 1694,
+ /*   320 */  1565, 1665, 1535, 1694, 1708, 1535, 1694, 1535, 1694, 1708,
+ /*   330 */  1618, 1618, 1618, 1680, 1723, 1723, 1708, 1618, 1623, 1618,
+ /*   340 */  1680, 1618, 1618, 1588, 1708, 1640, 1640, 1708, 1611, 1643,
+ /*   350 */  1611, 1643, 1611, 1643, 1611, 1643, 1535, 1685, 1685, 1695,
+ /*   360 */  1695, 1636, 1641, 1761, 1535, 1631, 1636, 1644, 1646, 1546,
+ /*   370 */  1763, 1766, 1781, 1781, 1791, 1791, 1791, 1962, 1962, 1962,
+ /*   380 */  1962, 1962, 1962, 1962, 1962, 1962, 1962, 1962, 1962, 1962,
+ /*   390 */  1962, 1962,  308,  835,  954, 1232,  879,  715,  728, 1373,
+ /*   400 */   864, 1329, 1253, 1409,  297, 1431, 1489, 1497, 1520, 1521,
+ /*   410 */  1525, 1362, 1309, 1491, 1217, 1420, 1429, 1536, 1380, 1538,
+ /*   420 */  1293, 1354, 1548, 1585, 1434, 1342, 1813, 1816, 1798, 1664,
+ /*   430 */  1810, 1732, 1815, 1811, 1812, 1699, 1689, 1710, 1817, 1700,
+ /*   440 */  1819, 1701, 1826, 1843, 1705, 1697, 1719, 1787, 1814, 1702,
+ /*   450 */  1796, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1727, 1742, 1823, 1721, 1860, 1857,
+ /*   460 */  1841, 1751, 1707, 1802, 1840, 1803, 1792, 1827, 1730, 1759,
+ /*   470 */  1849, 1854, 1856, 1747, 1754, 1858, 1818, 1859, 1861, 1855,
+ /*   480 */  1862, 1820, 1829, 1865, 1783, 1863, 1864, 1825, 1845, 1867,
+ /*   490 */  1746, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1869, 1876, 1878, 1877, 1879,
+ /*   500 */  1881, 1880, 1767, 1882, 1884, 1794, 1883, 1887, 1769, 1885,
+ /*   510 */  1886, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1824, 1838, 1828, 1871, 1844, 1832,
+ /*   520 */  1892, 1893, 1896, 1897, 1901, 1902, 1895, 1907, 1885, 1908,
+ /*   530 */  1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1924, 1917, 1918, 1919,
+ /*   540 */  1920, 1922, 1923, 1921, 1808, 1807, 1809, 1821, 1822, 1926,
+ /*   550 */  1935, 1950, 1951,
 };
-#define YY_REDUCE_COUNT (369)
-#define YY_REDUCE_MIN   (-237)
-#define YY_REDUCE_MAX   (1424)
+#define YY_REDUCE_COUNT (391)
+#define YY_REDUCE_MIN   (-262)
+#define YY_REDUCE_MAX   (1625)
 static const short yy_reduce_ofst[] = {
- /*     0 */  -147,  171,  263,  -96,  358, -144, -149, -102,  124, -156,
- /*    10 */   -98,  305,  401,  -57,  209, -237,  245,  -94,  -79,  189,
- /*    20 */   375,  490,  493,  378,  303,  539,  542,  501,  503,  554,
- /*    30 */   415,  526,  546,  557,  587,  593,  595, -234, -234, -234,
- /*    40 */  -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234,
- /*    50 */  -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234,
- /*    60 */  -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234,
- /*    70 */  -234,  -50,  335,  470,  633,  656,  658,  660,  675,  685,
- /*    80 */   703,  727,  747,  750,  752,  754,  770,  788,  790,  793,
- /*    90 */   795,  797,  800,  802,  804,  806,  813,  820,  829,  833,
- /*   100 */   836,  838,  843,  845,  847,  849,  873,  891,  893,  916,
- /*   110 */   918,  921,  936,  941,  944,  956,  961, -234, -234, -234,
- /*   120 */  -234, -234, -234, -234, -234, -234,  463,  607, -176,   14,
- /*   130 */  -139,   87, -137,  818,  925,  818,  925,  898, -234, -234,
- /*   140 */  -234, -234, -166, -166, -166, -130, -131,  -82,  -54, -180,
- /*   150 */   364,   41,  513,  509,  509,  117,  500,  789,  796,  646,
- /*   160 */   192,  291,  644,  798,  120,  807,  543,  911,  920,  652,
- /*   170 */   924,  922,  232,  698,  801,  971,   39,  220,  731,  442,
- /*   180 */   902, -199,  979,  -43,  421,  896,  942,  605, -184, -126,
- /*   190 */   155,  172,  281,  304,  377,  538,  650,  690,  699,  723,
- /*   200 */   803,  839,  853,  919,  991, 1018, 1067, 1092,  951, 1111,
- /*   210 */  1112, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124,
- /*   220 */  1125, 1012, 1096, 1097, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1131, 1070, 1135,
- /*   230 */  1137, 1152, 1077, 1153, 1155, 1114, 1156,  304, 1158, 1172,
- /*   240 */  1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1089, 1091, 1133, 1098, 1126, 1139,
- /*   250 */  1140, 1070, 1133, 1133, 1170, 1163, 1186, 1103, 1168, 1138,
- /*   260 */  1141, 1110, 1169, 1171, 1132, 1177, 1189, 1194, 1181, 1200,
- /*   270 */  1204, 1166, 1145, 1178, 1187, 1232, 1142, 1231, 1233, 1149,
- /*   280 */  1150, 1238, 1179, 1182, 1212, 1205, 1219, 1220, 1221, 1222,
- /*   290 */  1258, 1266, 1223, 1224, 1206, 1211, 1237, 1239, 1230, 1269,
- /*   300 */  1272, 1195, 1197, 1280, 1284, 1268, 1285, 1289, 1290, 1293,
- /*   310 */  1274, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1282, 1294, 1292, 1297, 1300, 1296,
- /*   320 */  1301, 1306, 1304, 1249, 1250, 1308, 1271, 1275, 1273, 1276,
- /*   330 */  1279, 1281, 1283, 1302, 1334, 1307, 1243, 1267, 1318, 1322,
- /*   340 */  1303, 1371, 1299, 1328, 1332, 1340, 1342, 1384, 1391, 1400,
- /*   350 */  1403, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1311, 1312, 1310, 1405, 1402, 1412,
- /*   360 */  1417, 1420, 1406, 1393, 1395, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1415,
+ /*     0 */   490, -122,  545,  645,  650, -120, -189, -187, -184, -182,
+ /*    10 */  -178, -176,   45,   30,  200, -251, -134,  390,  392,  521,
+ /*    20 */   523,  213,  692,  821,  284,  589,  872,  666,  671,  866,
+ /*    30 */    71,  111,  273,  389,  686,  815,  904,  932,  948,  955,
+ /*    40 */   964,  969, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259,
+ /*    50 */  -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259,
+ /*    60 */  -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259,
+ /*    70 */  -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259, -259,  428,  430,
+ /*    80 */   899,  985, 1021, 1028, 1057, 1069, 1081, 1108, 1110, 1115,
+ /*    90 */  1117, 1123, 1149, 1154, 1159, 1170, 1174, 1178, 1183, 1194,
+ /*   100 */  1198, 1204, 1208, 1212, 1218, 1222, 1229, 1278, 1280, 1283,
+ /*   110 */  1285, 1313, 1316, 1320, 1322, 1325, 1327, 1330, 1366, 1371,
+ /*   120 */  1379, 1387, 1417, 1425, 1430, 1432, -259, -259, -259, -259,
+ /*   130 */  -259, -259, -259, -259, -259,  557,  974, -214, -174,   -9,
+ /*   140 */   431, -124,  806,  925,  806,  925,  251,  928,  940, -259,
+ /*   150 */  -259, -259, -259, -198, -198, -198,  127, -186, -168,  212,
+ /*   160 */   646,  617,  799, -262,  555,  220,  220,  491,  605, 1040,
+ /*   170 */  1060,  699,  -11,  600,  848,  862,  345, -129,  724,  -91,
+ /*   180 */   158,  749,  716,  900,  304,  822,  929,  926,  499,  793,
+ /*   190 */   322,  892,  813,  845,  958, 1056,  751,  905, 1133, 1062,
+ /*   200 */   803, -210, -185, -179, -148, -167,  -89,  121,  274,  281,
+ /*   210 */   320,  336,  439,  663,  711,  957,  965, 1064, 1068, 1112,
+ /*   220 */  1116, -196, 1127, 1134, 1180, 1184, 1195, 1199, 1203, 1215,
+ /*   230 */  1223, 1250, 1267, 1286,  205,  422,  638, 1324, 1341, 1364,
+ /*   240 */  1365, 1213, 1392, 1399, 1403,  869, 1260, 1405, 1421, 1276,
+ /*   250 */  1424,  121, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1433, 1436, 1437, 1227, 1338,
+ /*   260 */  1284, 1359, 1370, 1377, 1388, 1213, 1284, 1284, 1385, 1438,
+ /*   270 */  1443, 1349, 1400, 1391, 1394, 1360, 1408, 1410, 1367, 1439,
+ /*   280 */  1440, 1435, 1442, 1446, 1447, 1397, 1413, 1418, 1390, 1444,
+ /*   290 */  1445, 1474, 1381, 1479, 1480, 1401, 1402, 1490, 1414, 1449,
+ /*   300 */  1452, 1453, 1467, 1456, 1469, 1470, 1477, 1478, 1515, 1518,
+ /*   310 */  1476, 1482, 1450, 1454, 1492, 1483, 1493, 1484, 1523, 1531,
+ /*   320 */  1457, 1455, 1532, 1534, 1516, 1537, 1540, 1543, 1541, 1526,
+ /*   330 */  1528, 1530, 1542, 1512, 1529, 1533, 1544, 1545, 1547, 1550,
+ /*   340 */  1549, 1551, 1554, 1458, 1552, 1494, 1495, 1556, 1498, 1502,
+ /*   350 */  1503, 1511, 1517, 1519, 1522, 1524, 1579, 1472, 1473, 1527,
+ /*   360 */  1555, 1557, 1559, 1558, 1589, 1560, 1561, 1564, 1566, 1568,
+ /*   370 */  1592, 1595, 1605, 1606, 1612, 1613, 1622, 1562, 1563, 1505,
+ /*   380 */  1609, 1604, 1608, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1596, 1597, 1617, 1620,
+ /*   390 */  1625, 1619,
 };
 static const YYACTIONTYPE yy_default[] = {
- /*     0 */  1492, 1492, 1492, 1340, 1123, 1229, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1340,
- /*    10 */  1340, 1340, 1123, 1259, 1259, 1391, 1154, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*    20 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1339, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*    30 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1265, 1123,
- /*    40 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1341, 1342, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1390,
- /*    50 */  1392, 1275, 1274, 1273, 1272, 1373, 1246, 1270, 1263, 1267,
- /*    60 */  1335, 1336, 1334, 1338, 1342, 1341, 1123, 1266, 1306, 1320,
- /*    70 */  1305, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*    80 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*    90 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   100 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   110 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1314, 1319, 1325,
- /*   120 */  1318, 1315, 1308, 1307, 1309, 1310, 1123, 1144, 1193, 1123,
- /*   130 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1409, 1408, 1123, 1123, 1154, 1311, 1312,
- /*   140 */  1322, 1321, 1398, 1448, 1447, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   150 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   160 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   170 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1154, 1150, 1300,
- /*   180 */  1299, 1418, 1150, 1253, 1123, 1404, 1229, 1220, 1123, 1123,
- /*   190 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   200 */  1123, 1395, 1393, 1123, 1355, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   210 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   220 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   230 */  1123, 1123, 1225, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   240 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1442, 1123, 1368, 1207, 1225, 1225, 1225,
- /*   250 */  1225, 1227, 1208, 1206, 1219, 1154, 1130, 1484, 1269, 1248,
- /*   260 */  1248, 1481, 1269, 1269, 1481, 1168, 1462, 1165, 1259, 1259,
- /*   270 */  1259, 1248, 1337, 1226, 1219, 1123, 1484, 1234, 1234, 1483,
- /*   280 */  1483, 1234, 1278, 1284, 1196, 1269, 1202, 1202, 1202, 1202,
- /*   290 */  1234, 1141, 1269, 1269, 1278, 1284, 1196, 1196, 1269, 1234,
- /*   300 */  1141, 1372, 1478, 1234, 1141, 1348, 1234, 1141, 1234, 1141,
- /*   310 */  1348, 1194, 1194, 1194, 1183, 1348, 1194, 1168, 1194, 1183,
- /*   320 */  1194, 1194, 1348, 1352, 1352, 1348, 1252, 1247, 1252, 1247,
- /*   330 */  1252, 1247, 1252, 1247, 1234, 1253, 1417, 1123, 1264, 1253,
- /*   340 */  1343, 1234, 1123, 1264, 1262, 1260, 1269, 1147, 1186, 1445,
- /*   350 */  1445, 1441, 1441, 1441, 1489, 1489, 1404, 1457, 1154, 1154,
- /*   360 */  1154, 1154, 1457, 1170, 1170, 1154, 1154, 1154, 1154, 1457,
- /*   370 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1452, 1123, 1357, 1238,
- /*   380 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   390 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   400 */  1123, 1123, 1289, 1123, 1126, 1401, 1123, 1123, 1399, 1123,
- /*   410 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1239, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   420 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   430 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1480, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   440 */  1123, 1371, 1370, 1123, 1123, 1236, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   450 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   460 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   470 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   480 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1261, 1123, 1416, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   490 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1430, 1254, 1123, 1123, 1471, 1123, 1123,
- /*   500 */  1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123, 1123,
- /*   510 */  1123, 1123, 1466, 1210, 1291, 1123, 1290, 1294, 1123, 1135,
- /*   520 */  1123,
+ /*     0 */  1575, 1575, 1575, 1411, 1188, 1297, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1411,
+ /*    10 */  1411, 1411, 1188, 1327, 1327, 1464, 1219, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*    20 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1410, 1188, 1188,
+ /*    30 */  1188, 1188, 1494, 1494, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*    40 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1336, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*    50 */  1412, 1413, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1463, 1465, 1428, 1346, 1345,
+ /*    60 */  1344, 1343, 1446, 1314, 1341, 1334, 1338, 1406, 1407, 1405,
+ /*    70 */  1409, 1413, 1412, 1188, 1337, 1377, 1391, 1376, 1188, 1188,
+ /*    80 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*    90 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   100 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   110 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   120 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1385, 1390, 1396, 1389,
+ /*   130 */  1386, 1379, 1378, 1380, 1381, 1188, 1209, 1261, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   140 */  1188, 1188, 1482, 1481, 1188, 1188, 1219, 1371, 1370, 1382,
+ /*   150 */  1383, 1393, 1392, 1471, 1529, 1528, 1429, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   160 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1494, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   170 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   180 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1494, 1494,
+ /*   190 */  1188, 1219, 1494, 1494, 1215, 1215, 1321, 1188, 1477, 1297,
+ /*   200 */  1288, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   210 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1468, 1466, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   220 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   230 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   240 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1293, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   250 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1523, 1188, 1441,
+ /*   260 */  1275, 1293, 1293, 1293, 1293, 1295, 1276, 1274, 1287, 1220,
+ /*   270 */  1195, 1567, 1294, 1316, 1316, 1564, 1340, 1294, 1564, 1236,
+ /*   280 */  1545, 1231, 1327, 1327, 1327, 1316, 1321, 1321, 1408, 1294,
+ /*   290 */  1287, 1188, 1567, 1302, 1302, 1566, 1566, 1302, 1429, 1349,
+ /*   300 */  1355, 1340, 1264, 1340, 1270, 1270, 1270, 1270, 1302, 1206,
+ /*   310 */  1340, 1340, 1349, 1355, 1264, 1340, 1264, 1340, 1302, 1206,
+ /*   320 */  1445, 1561, 1302, 1206, 1419, 1302, 1206, 1302, 1206, 1419,
+ /*   330 */  1262, 1262, 1262, 1251, 1188, 1188, 1419, 1262, 1236, 1262,
+ /*   340 */  1251, 1262, 1262, 1512, 1419, 1423, 1423, 1419, 1320, 1315,
+ /*   350 */  1320, 1315, 1320, 1315, 1320, 1315, 1302, 1504, 1504, 1330,
+ /*   360 */  1330, 1335, 1321, 1414, 1302, 1188, 1335, 1333, 1331, 1340,
+ /*   370 */  1212, 1254, 1526, 1526, 1522, 1522, 1522, 1572, 1572, 1477,
+ /*   380 */  1538, 1219, 1219, 1219, 1219, 1538, 1238, 1238, 1220, 1220,
+ /*   390 */  1219, 1538, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1533, 1188,
+ /*   400 */  1430, 1306, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   410 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   420 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1360, 1188, 1191, 1474, 1188,
+ /*   430 */  1188, 1472, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1307, 1188,
+ /*   440 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   450 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1563, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   460 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1444, 1443, 1188, 1188, 1304, 1188,
+ /*   470 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   480 */  1188, 1188, 1234, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   490 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   500 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1332,
+ /*   510 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   520 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1509, 1322, 1188, 1188, 1554, 1188,
+ /*   530 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188, 1188,
+ /*   540 */  1188, 1188, 1188, 1549, 1278, 1362, 1188, 1361, 1365, 1188,
+ /*   550 */  1200, 1188, 1188,
 };
 /********** End of lemon-generated parsing tables *****************************/
 
-/* The next table maps tokens (terminal symbols) into fallback tokens.  
+/* The next table maps tokens (terminal symbols) into fallback tokens.
 ** If a construct like the following:
-** 
+**
 **      %fallback ID X Y Z.
 **
 ** appears in the grammar, then ID becomes a fallback token for X, Y,
@@ -146929,15 +156081,105 @@ static const YYCODETYPE yyFallback[] = {
    59,  /*       VIEW => ID */
    59,  /*    VIRTUAL => ID */
    59,  /*       WITH => ID */
+   59,  /*      NULLS => ID */
+   59,  /*      FIRST => ID */
+   59,  /*       LAST => ID */
    59,  /*    CURRENT => ID */
    59,  /*  FOLLOWING => ID */
    59,  /*  PARTITION => ID */
    59,  /*  PRECEDING => ID */
    59,  /*      RANGE => ID */
    59,  /*  UNBOUNDED => ID */
+   59,  /*    EXCLUDE => ID */
+   59,  /*     GROUPS => ID */
+   59,  /*     OTHERS => ID */
+   59,  /*       TIES => ID */
+   59,  /*  GENERATED => ID */
+   59,  /*     ALWAYS => ID */
    59,  /*    REINDEX => ID */
    59,  /*     RENAME => ID */
    59,  /*   CTIME_KW => ID */
+    0,  /*        ANY => nothing */
+    0,  /*     BITAND => nothing */
+    0,  /*      BITOR => nothing */
+    0,  /*     LSHIFT => nothing */
+    0,  /*     RSHIFT => nothing */
+    0,  /*       PLUS => nothing */
+    0,  /*      MINUS => nothing */
+    0,  /*       STAR => nothing */
+    0,  /*      SLASH => nothing */
+    0,  /*        REM => nothing */
+    0,  /*     CONCAT => nothing */
+    0,  /*    COLLATE => nothing */
+    0,  /*     BITNOT => nothing */
+    0,  /*         ON => nothing */
+    0,  /*    INDEXED => nothing */
+    0,  /*     STRING => nothing */
+    0,  /*    JOIN_KW => nothing */
+    0,  /* CONSTRAINT => nothing */
+    0,  /*    DEFAULT => nothing */
+    0,  /*       NULL => nothing */
+    0,  /*    PRIMARY => nothing */
+    0,  /*     UNIQUE => nothing */
+    0,  /*      CHECK => nothing */
+    0,  /* REFERENCES => nothing */
+    0,  /*   AUTOINCR => nothing */
+    0,  /*     INSERT => nothing */
+    0,  /*     DELETE => nothing */
+    0,  /*     UPDATE => nothing */
+    0,  /*        SET => nothing */
+    0,  /* DEFERRABLE => nothing */
+    0,  /*    FOREIGN => nothing */
+    0,  /*       DROP => nothing */
+    0,  /*      UNION => nothing */
+    0,  /*        ALL => nothing */
+    0,  /*     EXCEPT => nothing */
+    0,  /*  INTERSECT => nothing */
+    0,  /*     SELECT => nothing */
+    0,  /*     VALUES => nothing */
+    0,  /*   DISTINCT => nothing */
+    0,  /*        DOT => nothing */
+    0,  /*       FROM => nothing */
+    0,  /*       JOIN => nothing */
+    0,  /*      USING => nothing */
+    0,  /*      ORDER => nothing */
+    0,  /*      GROUP => nothing */
+    0,  /*     HAVING => nothing */
+    0,  /*      LIMIT => nothing */
+    0,  /*      WHERE => nothing */
+    0,  /*       INTO => nothing */
+    0,  /*    NOTHING => nothing */
+    0,  /*      FLOAT => nothing */
+    0,  /*       BLOB => nothing */
+    0,  /*    INTEGER => nothing */
+    0,  /*   VARIABLE => nothing */
+    0,  /*       CASE => nothing */
+    0,  /*       WHEN => nothing */
+    0,  /*       THEN => nothing */
+    0,  /*       ELSE => nothing */
+    0,  /*      INDEX => nothing */
+    0,  /*      ALTER => nothing */
+    0,  /*        ADD => nothing */
+    0,  /*     WINDOW => nothing */
+    0,  /*       OVER => nothing */
+    0,  /*     FILTER => nothing */
+    0,  /*     COLUMN => nothing */
+    0,  /* AGG_FUNCTION => nothing */
+    0,  /* AGG_COLUMN => nothing */
+    0,  /*  TRUEFALSE => nothing */
+    0,  /*      ISNOT => nothing */
+    0,  /*   FUNCTION => nothing */
+    0,  /*     UMINUS => nothing */
+    0,  /*      UPLUS => nothing */
+    0,  /*      TRUTH => nothing */
+    0,  /*   REGISTER => nothing */
+    0,  /*     VECTOR => nothing */
+    0,  /* SELECT_COLUMN => nothing */
+    0,  /* IF_NULL_ROW => nothing */
+    0,  /*   ASTERISK => nothing */
+    0,  /*       SPAN => nothing */
+    0,  /*      SPACE => nothing */
+    0,  /*    ILLEGAL => nothing */
 };
 #endif /* YYFALLBACK */
 
@@ -146991,15 +156233,16 @@ typedef struct yyParser yyParser;
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
 /* #include <stdio.h> */
+/* #include <assert.h> */
 static FILE *yyTraceFILE = 0;
 static char *yyTracePrompt = 0;
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-/* 
+/*
 ** Turn parser tracing on by giving a stream to which to write the trace
 ** and a prompt to preface each trace message.  Tracing is turned off
-** by making either argument NULL 
+** by making either argument NULL
 **
 ** Inputs:
 ** <ul>
@@ -147024,7 +156267,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE *TraceFILE, char *zTracePrompt){
 #if defined(YYCOVERAGE) || !defined(NDEBUG)
 /* For tracing shifts, the names of all terminals and nonterminals
 ** are required.  The following table supplies these names */
-static const char *const yyTokenName[] = { 
+static const char *const yyTokenName[] = {
   /*    0 */ "$",
   /*    1 */ "SEMI",
   /*    2 */ "EXPLAIN",
@@ -147107,201 +156350,234 @@ static const char *const yyTokenName[] = {
   /*   79 */ "VIEW",
   /*   80 */ "VIRTUAL",
   /*   81 */ "WITH",
-  /*   82 */ "CURRENT",
-  /*   83 */ "FOLLOWING",
-  /*   84 */ "PARTITION",
-  /*   85 */ "PRECEDING",
-  /*   86 */ "RANGE",
-  /*   87 */ "UNBOUNDED",
-  /*   88 */ "REINDEX",
-  /*   89 */ "RENAME",
-  /*   90 */ "CTIME_KW",
-  /*   91 */ "ANY",
-  /*   92 */ "BITAND",
-  /*   93 */ "BITOR",
-  /*   94 */ "LSHIFT",
-  /*   95 */ "RSHIFT",
-  /*   96 */ "PLUS",
-  /*   97 */ "MINUS",
-  /*   98 */ "STAR",
-  /*   99 */ "SLASH",
-  /*  100 */ "REM",
-  /*  101 */ "CONCAT",
-  /*  102 */ "COLLATE",
-  /*  103 */ "BITNOT",
-  /*  104 */ "ON",
-  /*  105 */ "INDEXED",
-  /*  106 */ "STRING",
-  /*  107 */ "JOIN_KW",
-  /*  108 */ "CONSTRAINT",
-  /*  109 */ "DEFAULT",
-  /*  110 */ "NULL",
-  /*  111 */ "PRIMARY",
-  /*  112 */ "UNIQUE",
-  /*  113 */ "CHECK",
-  /*  114 */ "REFERENCES",
-  /*  115 */ "AUTOINCR",
-  /*  116 */ "INSERT",
-  /*  117 */ "DELETE",
-  /*  118 */ "UPDATE",
-  /*  119 */ "SET",
-  /*  120 */ "DEFERRABLE",
-  /*  121 */ "FOREIGN",
-  /*  122 */ "DROP",
-  /*  123 */ "UNION",
-  /*  124 */ "ALL",
-  /*  125 */ "EXCEPT",
-  /*  126 */ "INTERSECT",
-  /*  127 */ "SELECT",
-  /*  128 */ "VALUES",
-  /*  129 */ "DISTINCT",
-  /*  130 */ "DOT",
-  /*  131 */ "FROM",
-  /*  132 */ "JOIN",
-  /*  133 */ "USING",
-  /*  134 */ "ORDER",
-  /*  135 */ "GROUP",
-  /*  136 */ "HAVING",
-  /*  137 */ "LIMIT",
-  /*  138 */ "WHERE",
-  /*  139 */ "INTO",
-  /*  140 */ "NOTHING",
-  /*  141 */ "FLOAT",
-  /*  142 */ "BLOB",
-  /*  143 */ "INTEGER",
-  /*  144 */ "VARIABLE",
-  /*  145 */ "CASE",
-  /*  146 */ "WHEN",
-  /*  147 */ "THEN",
-  /*  148 */ "ELSE",
-  /*  149 */ "INDEX",
-  /*  150 */ "ALTER",
-  /*  151 */ "ADD",
-  /*  152 */ "WINDOW",
-  /*  153 */ "OVER",
-  /*  154 */ "FILTER",
-  /*  155 */ "input",
-  /*  156 */ "cmdlist",
-  /*  157 */ "ecmd",
-  /*  158 */ "cmdx",
-  /*  159 */ "explain",
-  /*  160 */ "cmd",
-  /*  161 */ "transtype",
-  /*  162 */ "trans_opt",
-  /*  163 */ "nm",
-  /*  164 */ "savepoint_opt",
-  /*  165 */ "create_table",
-  /*  166 */ "create_table_args",
-  /*  167 */ "createkw",
-  /*  168 */ "temp",
-  /*  169 */ "ifnotexists",
-  /*  170 */ "dbnm",
-  /*  171 */ "columnlist",
-  /*  172 */ "conslist_opt",
-  /*  173 */ "table_options",
-  /*  174 */ "select",
-  /*  175 */ "columnname",
-  /*  176 */ "carglist",
-  /*  177 */ "typetoken",
-  /*  178 */ "typename",
-  /*  179 */ "signed",
-  /*  180 */ "plus_num",
-  /*  181 */ "minus_num",
-  /*  182 */ "scanpt",
-  /*  183 */ "ccons",
-  /*  184 */ "term",
-  /*  185 */ "expr",
-  /*  186 */ "onconf",
-  /*  187 */ "sortorder",
-  /*  188 */ "autoinc",
-  /*  189 */ "eidlist_opt",
-  /*  190 */ "refargs",
-  /*  191 */ "defer_subclause",
-  /*  192 */ "refarg",
-  /*  193 */ "refact",
-  /*  194 */ "init_deferred_pred_opt",
-  /*  195 */ "conslist",
-  /*  196 */ "tconscomma",
-  /*  197 */ "tcons",
-  /*  198 */ "sortlist",
-  /*  199 */ "eidlist",
-  /*  200 */ "defer_subclause_opt",
-  /*  201 */ "orconf",
-  /*  202 */ "resolvetype",
-  /*  203 */ "raisetype",
-  /*  204 */ "ifexists",
-  /*  205 */ "fullname",
-  /*  206 */ "selectnowith",
-  /*  207 */ "oneselect",
-  /*  208 */ "wqlist",
-  /*  209 */ "multiselect_op",
-  /*  210 */ "distinct",
-  /*  211 */ "selcollist",
-  /*  212 */ "from",
-  /*  213 */ "where_opt",
-  /*  214 */ "groupby_opt",
-  /*  215 */ "having_opt",
-  /*  216 */ "orderby_opt",
-  /*  217 */ "limit_opt",
-  /*  218 */ "window_clause",
-  /*  219 */ "values",
-  /*  220 */ "nexprlist",
-  /*  221 */ "sclp",
-  /*  222 */ "as",
-  /*  223 */ "seltablist",
-  /*  224 */ "stl_prefix",
-  /*  225 */ "joinop",
-  /*  226 */ "indexed_opt",
-  /*  227 */ "on_opt",
-  /*  228 */ "using_opt",
-  /*  229 */ "exprlist",
-  /*  230 */ "xfullname",
-  /*  231 */ "idlist",
-  /*  232 */ "with",
-  /*  233 */ "setlist",
-  /*  234 */ "insert_cmd",
-  /*  235 */ "idlist_opt",
-  /*  236 */ "upsert",
-  /*  237 */ "over_clause",
-  /*  238 */ "likeop",
-  /*  239 */ "between_op",
-  /*  240 */ "in_op",
-  /*  241 */ "paren_exprlist",
-  /*  242 */ "case_operand",
-  /*  243 */ "case_exprlist",
-  /*  244 */ "case_else",
-  /*  245 */ "uniqueflag",
-  /*  246 */ "collate",
-  /*  247 */ "nmnum",
-  /*  248 */ "trigger_decl",
-  /*  249 */ "trigger_cmd_list",
-  /*  250 */ "trigger_time",
-  /*  251 */ "trigger_event",
-  /*  252 */ "foreach_clause",
-  /*  253 */ "when_clause",
-  /*  254 */ "trigger_cmd",
-  /*  255 */ "trnm",
-  /*  256 */ "tridxby",
-  /*  257 */ "database_kw_opt",
-  /*  258 */ "key_opt",
-  /*  259 */ "add_column_fullname",
-  /*  260 */ "kwcolumn_opt",
-  /*  261 */ "create_vtab",
-  /*  262 */ "vtabarglist",
-  /*  263 */ "vtabarg",
-  /*  264 */ "vtabargtoken",
-  /*  265 */ "lp",
-  /*  266 */ "anylist",
-  /*  267 */ "windowdefn_list",
-  /*  268 */ "windowdefn",
-  /*  269 */ "window",
-  /*  270 */ "frame_opt",
-  /*  271 */ "part_opt",
-  /*  272 */ "filter_opt",
-  /*  273 */ "range_or_rows",
-  /*  274 */ "frame_bound",
-  /*  275 */ "frame_bound_s",
-  /*  276 */ "frame_bound_e",
+  /*   82 */ "NULLS",
+  /*   83 */ "FIRST",
+  /*   84 */ "LAST",
+  /*   85 */ "CURRENT",
+  /*   86 */ "FOLLOWING",
+  /*   87 */ "PARTITION",
+  /*   88 */ "PRECEDING",
+  /*   89 */ "RANGE",
+  /*   90 */ "UNBOUNDED",
+  /*   91 */ "EXCLUDE",
+  /*   92 */ "GROUPS",
+  /*   93 */ "OTHERS",
+  /*   94 */ "TIES",
+  /*   95 */ "GENERATED",
+  /*   96 */ "ALWAYS",
+  /*   97 */ "REINDEX",
+  /*   98 */ "RENAME",
+  /*   99 */ "CTIME_KW",
+  /*  100 */ "ANY",
+  /*  101 */ "BITAND",
+  /*  102 */ "BITOR",
+  /*  103 */ "LSHIFT",
+  /*  104 */ "RSHIFT",
+  /*  105 */ "PLUS",
+  /*  106 */ "MINUS",
+  /*  107 */ "STAR",
+  /*  108 */ "SLASH",
+  /*  109 */ "REM",
+  /*  110 */ "CONCAT",
+  /*  111 */ "COLLATE",
+  /*  112 */ "BITNOT",
+  /*  113 */ "ON",
+  /*  114 */ "INDEXED",
+  /*  115 */ "STRING",
+  /*  116 */ "JOIN_KW",
+  /*  117 */ "CONSTRAINT",
+  /*  118 */ "DEFAULT",
+  /*  119 */ "NULL",
+  /*  120 */ "PRIMARY",
+  /*  121 */ "UNIQUE",
+  /*  122 */ "CHECK",
+  /*  123 */ "REFERENCES",
+  /*  124 */ "AUTOINCR",
+  /*  125 */ "INSERT",
+  /*  126 */ "DELETE",
+  /*  127 */ "UPDATE",
+  /*  128 */ "SET",
+  /*  129 */ "DEFERRABLE",
+  /*  130 */ "FOREIGN",
+  /*  131 */ "DROP",
+  /*  132 */ "UNION",
+  /*  133 */ "ALL",
+  /*  134 */ "EXCEPT",
+  /*  135 */ "INTERSECT",
+  /*  136 */ "SELECT",
+  /*  137 */ "VALUES",
+  /*  138 */ "DISTINCT",
+  /*  139 */ "DOT",
+  /*  140 */ "FROM",
+  /*  141 */ "JOIN",
+  /*  142 */ "USING",
+  /*  143 */ "ORDER",
+  /*  144 */ "GROUP",
+  /*  145 */ "HAVING",
+  /*  146 */ "LIMIT",
+  /*  147 */ "WHERE",
+  /*  148 */ "INTO",
+  /*  149 */ "NOTHING",
+  /*  150 */ "FLOAT",
+  /*  151 */ "BLOB",
+  /*  152 */ "INTEGER",
+  /*  153 */ "VARIABLE",
+  /*  154 */ "CASE",
+  /*  155 */ "WHEN",
+  /*  156 */ "THEN",
+  /*  157 */ "ELSE",
+  /*  158 */ "INDEX",
+  /*  159 */ "ALTER",
+  /*  160 */ "ADD",
+  /*  161 */ "WINDOW",
+  /*  162 */ "OVER",
+  /*  163 */ "FILTER",
+  /*  164 */ "COLUMN",
+  /*  165 */ "AGG_FUNCTION",
+  /*  166 */ "AGG_COLUMN",
+  /*  167 */ "TRUEFALSE",
+  /*  168 */ "ISNOT",
+  /*  169 */ "FUNCTION",
+  /*  170 */ "UMINUS",
+  /*  171 */ "UPLUS",
+  /*  172 */ "TRUTH",
+  /*  173 */ "REGISTER",
+  /*  174 */ "VECTOR",
+  /*  175 */ "SELECT_COLUMN",
+  /*  176 */ "IF_NULL_ROW",
+  /*  177 */ "ASTERISK",
+  /*  178 */ "SPAN",
+  /*  179 */ "SPACE",
+  /*  180 */ "ILLEGAL",
+  /*  181 */ "input",
+  /*  182 */ "cmdlist",
+  /*  183 */ "ecmd",
+  /*  184 */ "cmdx",
+  /*  185 */ "explain",
+  /*  186 */ "cmd",
+  /*  187 */ "transtype",
+  /*  188 */ "trans_opt",
+  /*  189 */ "nm",
+  /*  190 */ "savepoint_opt",
+  /*  191 */ "create_table",
+  /*  192 */ "create_table_args",
+  /*  193 */ "createkw",
+  /*  194 */ "temp",
+  /*  195 */ "ifnotexists",
+  /*  196 */ "dbnm",
+  /*  197 */ "columnlist",
+  /*  198 */ "conslist_opt",
+  /*  199 */ "table_options",
+  /*  200 */ "select",
+  /*  201 */ "columnname",
+  /*  202 */ "carglist",
+  /*  203 */ "typetoken",
+  /*  204 */ "typename",
+  /*  205 */ "signed",
+  /*  206 */ "plus_num",
+  /*  207 */ "minus_num",
+  /*  208 */ "scanpt",
+  /*  209 */ "scantok",
+  /*  210 */ "ccons",
+  /*  211 */ "term",
+  /*  212 */ "expr",
+  /*  213 */ "onconf",
+  /*  214 */ "sortorder",
+  /*  215 */ "autoinc",
+  /*  216 */ "eidlist_opt",
+  /*  217 */ "refargs",
+  /*  218 */ "defer_subclause",
+  /*  219 */ "generated",
+  /*  220 */ "refarg",
+  /*  221 */ "refact",
+  /*  222 */ "init_deferred_pred_opt",
+  /*  223 */ "conslist",
+  /*  224 */ "tconscomma",
+  /*  225 */ "tcons",
+  /*  226 */ "sortlist",
+  /*  227 */ "eidlist",
+  /*  228 */ "defer_subclause_opt",
+  /*  229 */ "orconf",
+  /*  230 */ "resolvetype",
+  /*  231 */ "raisetype",
+  /*  232 */ "ifexists",
+  /*  233 */ "fullname",
+  /*  234 */ "selectnowith",
+  /*  235 */ "oneselect",
+  /*  236 */ "wqlist",
+  /*  237 */ "multiselect_op",
+  /*  238 */ "distinct",
+  /*  239 */ "selcollist",
+  /*  240 */ "from",
+  /*  241 */ "where_opt",
+  /*  242 */ "groupby_opt",
+  /*  243 */ "having_opt",
+  /*  244 */ "orderby_opt",
+  /*  245 */ "limit_opt",
+  /*  246 */ "window_clause",
+  /*  247 */ "values",
+  /*  248 */ "nexprlist",
+  /*  249 */ "sclp",
+  /*  250 */ "as",
+  /*  251 */ "seltablist",
+  /*  252 */ "stl_prefix",
+  /*  253 */ "joinop",
+  /*  254 */ "indexed_opt",
+  /*  255 */ "on_opt",
+  /*  256 */ "using_opt",
+  /*  257 */ "exprlist",
+  /*  258 */ "xfullname",
+  /*  259 */ "idlist",
+  /*  260 */ "nulls",
+  /*  261 */ "with",
+  /*  262 */ "setlist",
+  /*  263 */ "insert_cmd",
+  /*  264 */ "idlist_opt",
+  /*  265 */ "upsert",
+  /*  266 */ "filter_over",
+  /*  267 */ "likeop",
+  /*  268 */ "between_op",
+  /*  269 */ "in_op",
+  /*  270 */ "paren_exprlist",
+  /*  271 */ "case_operand",
+  /*  272 */ "case_exprlist",
+  /*  273 */ "case_else",
+  /*  274 */ "uniqueflag",
+  /*  275 */ "collate",
+  /*  276 */ "vinto",
+  /*  277 */ "nmnum",
+  /*  278 */ "trigger_decl",
+  /*  279 */ "trigger_cmd_list",
+  /*  280 */ "trigger_time",
+  /*  281 */ "trigger_event",
+  /*  282 */ "foreach_clause",
+  /*  283 */ "when_clause",
+  /*  284 */ "trigger_cmd",
+  /*  285 */ "trnm",
+  /*  286 */ "tridxby",
+  /*  287 */ "database_kw_opt",
+  /*  288 */ "key_opt",
+  /*  289 */ "add_column_fullname",
+  /*  290 */ "kwcolumn_opt",
+  /*  291 */ "create_vtab",
+  /*  292 */ "vtabarglist",
+  /*  293 */ "vtabarg",
+  /*  294 */ "vtabargtoken",
+  /*  295 */ "lp",
+  /*  296 */ "anylist",
+  /*  297 */ "windowdefn_list",
+  /*  298 */ "windowdefn",
+  /*  299 */ "window",
+  /*  300 */ "frame_opt",
+  /*  301 */ "part_opt",
+  /*  302 */ "filter_clause",
+  /*  303 */ "over_clause",
+  /*  304 */ "range_or_rows",
+  /*  305 */ "frame_bound",
+  /*  306 */ "frame_bound_s",
+  /*  307 */ "frame_bound_e",
+  /*  308 */ "frame_exclude_opt",
+  /*  309 */ "frame_exclude",
 };
 #endif /* defined(YYCOVERAGE) || !defined(NDEBUG) */
 
@@ -147338,344 +156614,362 @@ static const char *const yyRuleName[] = {
  /*  26 */ "typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP",
  /*  27 */ "typename ::= typename ID|STRING",
  /*  28 */ "scanpt ::=",
- /*  29 */ "ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm",
- /*  30 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt term scanpt",
- /*  31 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP",
- /*  32 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term scanpt",
- /*  33 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS term scanpt",
- /*  34 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt ID|INDEXED",
- /*  35 */ "ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf",
- /*  36 */ "ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc",
- /*  37 */ "ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf",
- /*  38 */ "ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP",
- /*  39 */ "ccons ::= REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs",
- /*  40 */ "ccons ::= defer_subclause",
- /*  41 */ "ccons ::= COLLATE ID|STRING",
- /*  42 */ "autoinc ::=",
- /*  43 */ "autoinc ::= AUTOINCR",
- /*  44 */ "refargs ::=",
- /*  45 */ "refargs ::= refargs refarg",
- /*  46 */ "refarg ::= MATCH nm",
- /*  47 */ "refarg ::= ON INSERT refact",
- /*  48 */ "refarg ::= ON DELETE refact",
- /*  49 */ "refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact",
- /*  50 */ "refact ::= SET NULL",
- /*  51 */ "refact ::= SET DEFAULT",
- /*  52 */ "refact ::= CASCADE",
- /*  53 */ "refact ::= RESTRICT",
- /*  54 */ "refact ::= NO ACTION",
- /*  55 */ "defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt",
- /*  56 */ "defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt",
- /*  57 */ "init_deferred_pred_opt ::=",
- /*  58 */ "init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED",
- /*  59 */ "init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE",
- /*  60 */ "conslist_opt ::=",
- /*  61 */ "tconscomma ::= COMMA",
- /*  62 */ "tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm",
- /*  63 */ "tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist autoinc RP onconf",
- /*  64 */ "tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist RP onconf",
- /*  65 */ "tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf",
- /*  66 */ "tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist RP REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt",
- /*  67 */ "defer_subclause_opt ::=",
- /*  68 */ "onconf ::=",
- /*  69 */ "onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype",
- /*  70 */ "orconf ::=",
- /*  71 */ "orconf ::= OR resolvetype",
- /*  72 */ "resolvetype ::= IGNORE",
- /*  73 */ "resolvetype ::= REPLACE",
- /*  74 */ "cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname",
- /*  75 */ "ifexists ::= IF EXISTS",
- /*  76 */ "ifexists ::=",
- /*  77 */ "cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm eidlist_opt AS select",
- /*  78 */ "cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname",
- /*  79 */ "cmd ::= select",
- /*  80 */ "select ::= WITH wqlist selectnowith",
- /*  81 */ "select ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist selectnowith",
- /*  82 */ "select ::= selectnowith",
- /*  83 */ "selectnowith ::= selectnowith multiselect_op oneselect",
- /*  84 */ "multiselect_op ::= UNION",
- /*  85 */ "multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL",
- /*  86 */ "multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT",
- /*  87 */ "oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt",
- /*  88 */ "oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt window_clause orderby_opt limit_opt",
- /*  89 */ "values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP",
- /*  90 */ "values ::= values COMMA LP nexprlist RP",
- /*  91 */ "distinct ::= DISTINCT",
- /*  92 */ "distinct ::= ALL",
- /*  93 */ "distinct ::=",
- /*  94 */ "sclp ::=",
- /*  95 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as",
- /*  96 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR",
- /*  97 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR",
- /*  98 */ "as ::= AS nm",
- /*  99 */ "as ::=",
- /* 100 */ "from ::=",
- /* 101 */ "from ::= FROM seltablist",
- /* 102 */ "stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop",
- /* 103 */ "stl_prefix ::=",
- /* 104 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_opt on_opt using_opt",
- /* 105 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_opt using_opt",
- /* 106 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_opt using_opt",
- /* 107 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_opt using_opt",
- /* 108 */ "dbnm ::=",
- /* 109 */ "dbnm ::= DOT nm",
- /* 110 */ "fullname ::= nm",
- /* 111 */ "fullname ::= nm DOT nm",
- /* 112 */ "xfullname ::= nm",
- /* 113 */ "xfullname ::= nm DOT nm",
- /* 114 */ "xfullname ::= nm DOT nm AS nm",
- /* 115 */ "xfullname ::= nm AS nm",
- /* 116 */ "joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN",
- /* 117 */ "joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN",
- /* 118 */ "joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN",
- /* 119 */ "joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN",
- /* 120 */ "on_opt ::= ON expr",
- /* 121 */ "on_opt ::=",
- /* 122 */ "indexed_opt ::=",
- /* 123 */ "indexed_opt ::= INDEXED BY nm",
- /* 124 */ "indexed_opt ::= NOT INDEXED",
- /* 125 */ "using_opt ::= USING LP idlist RP",
- /* 126 */ "using_opt ::=",
- /* 127 */ "orderby_opt ::=",
- /* 128 */ "orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist",
- /* 129 */ "sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder",
- /* 130 */ "sortlist ::= expr sortorder",
- /* 131 */ "sortorder ::= ASC",
- /* 132 */ "sortorder ::= DESC",
- /* 133 */ "sortorder ::=",
- /* 134 */ "groupby_opt ::=",
- /* 135 */ "groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist",
- /* 136 */ "having_opt ::=",
- /* 137 */ "having_opt ::= HAVING expr",
- /* 138 */ "limit_opt ::=",
- /* 139 */ "limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr",
- /* 140 */ "limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr",
- /* 141 */ "limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr",
- /* 142 */ "cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname indexed_opt where_opt",
- /* 143 */ "where_opt ::=",
- /* 144 */ "where_opt ::= WHERE expr",
- /* 145 */ "cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf xfullname indexed_opt SET setlist where_opt",
- /* 146 */ "setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr",
- /* 147 */ "setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr",
- /* 148 */ "setlist ::= nm EQ expr",
- /* 149 */ "setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr",
- /* 150 */ "cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt select upsert",
- /* 151 */ "cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES",
- /* 152 */ "upsert ::=",
- /* 153 */ "upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt",
- /* 154 */ "upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO NOTHING",
- /* 155 */ "upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING",
- /* 156 */ "insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf",
- /* 157 */ "insert_cmd ::= REPLACE",
- /* 158 */ "idlist_opt ::=",
- /* 159 */ "idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP",
- /* 160 */ "idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm",
- /* 161 */ "idlist ::= nm",
- /* 162 */ "expr ::= LP expr RP",
- /* 163 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED",
- /* 164 */ "expr ::= JOIN_KW",
- /* 165 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm",
- /* 166 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm",
- /* 167 */ "term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB",
- /* 168 */ "term ::= STRING",
- /* 169 */ "term ::= INTEGER",
- /* 170 */ "expr ::= VARIABLE",
- /* 171 */ "expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING",
- /* 172 */ "expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP",
- /* 173 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP",
- /* 174 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP",
- /* 175 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP over_clause",
- /* 176 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP over_clause",
- /* 177 */ "term ::= CTIME_KW",
- /* 178 */ "expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP",
- /* 179 */ "expr ::= expr AND expr",
- /* 180 */ "expr ::= expr OR expr",
- /* 181 */ "expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr",
- /* 182 */ "expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr",
- /* 183 */ "expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr",
- /* 184 */ "expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr",
- /* 185 */ "expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr",
- /* 186 */ "expr ::= expr CONCAT expr",
- /* 187 */ "likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH",
- /* 188 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr",
- /* 189 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr",
- /* 190 */ "expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL",
- /* 191 */ "expr ::= expr NOT NULL",
- /* 192 */ "expr ::= expr IS expr",
- /* 193 */ "expr ::= expr IS NOT expr",
- /* 194 */ "expr ::= NOT expr",
- /* 195 */ "expr ::= BITNOT expr",
- /* 196 */ "expr ::= PLUS|MINUS expr",
- /* 197 */ "between_op ::= BETWEEN",
- /* 198 */ "between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN",
- /* 199 */ "expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr",
- /* 200 */ "in_op ::= IN",
- /* 201 */ "in_op ::= NOT IN",
- /* 202 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP",
- /* 203 */ "expr ::= LP select RP",
- /* 204 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP",
- /* 205 */ "expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist",
- /* 206 */ "expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP",
- /* 207 */ "expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END",
- /* 208 */ "case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr",
- /* 209 */ "case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr",
- /* 210 */ "case_else ::= ELSE expr",
- /* 211 */ "case_else ::=",
- /* 212 */ "case_operand ::= expr",
- /* 213 */ "case_operand ::=",
- /* 214 */ "exprlist ::=",
- /* 215 */ "nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr",
- /* 216 */ "nexprlist ::= expr",
- /* 217 */ "paren_exprlist ::=",
- /* 218 */ "paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP",
- /* 219 */ "cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt",
- /* 220 */ "uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE",
- /* 221 */ "uniqueflag ::=",
- /* 222 */ "eidlist_opt ::=",
- /* 223 */ "eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP",
- /* 224 */ "eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder",
- /* 225 */ "eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder",
- /* 226 */ "collate ::=",
- /* 227 */ "collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING",
- /* 228 */ "cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname",
- /* 229 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM",
- /* 230 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM nm",
- /* 231 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm",
- /* 232 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum",
- /* 233 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP",
- /* 234 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num",
- /* 235 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP",
- /* 236 */ "plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
- /* 237 */ "minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
- /* 238 */ "cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END",
- /* 239 */ "trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause",
- /* 240 */ "trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER",
- /* 241 */ "trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF",
- /* 242 */ "trigger_time ::=",
- /* 243 */ "trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT",
- /* 244 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE",
- /* 245 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist",
- /* 246 */ "when_clause ::=",
- /* 247 */ "when_clause ::= WHEN expr",
- /* 248 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI",
- /* 249 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI",
- /* 250 */ "trnm ::= nm DOT nm",
- /* 251 */ "tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm",
- /* 252 */ "tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED",
- /* 253 */ "trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist where_opt scanpt",
- /* 254 */ "trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select upsert scanpt",
- /* 255 */ "trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt",
- /* 256 */ "trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt",
- /* 257 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP",
- /* 258 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP",
- /* 259 */ "raisetype ::= ROLLBACK",
- /* 260 */ "raisetype ::= ABORT",
- /* 261 */ "raisetype ::= FAIL",
- /* 262 */ "cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname",
- /* 263 */ "cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt",
- /* 264 */ "cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr",
- /* 265 */ "key_opt ::=",
- /* 266 */ "key_opt ::= KEY expr",
- /* 267 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX",
- /* 268 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm",
- /* 269 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE",
- /* 270 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm",
- /* 271 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm",
- /* 272 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist",
- /* 273 */ "add_column_fullname ::= fullname",
- /* 274 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm TO nm",
- /* 275 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab",
- /* 276 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP",
- /* 277 */ "create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm",
- /* 278 */ "vtabarg ::=",
- /* 279 */ "vtabargtoken ::= ANY",
- /* 280 */ "vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP",
- /* 281 */ "lp ::= LP",
- /* 282 */ "with ::= WITH wqlist",
- /* 283 */ "with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist",
- /* 284 */ "wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP",
- /* 285 */ "wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP",
- /* 286 */ "windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn",
- /* 287 */ "windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn_list COMMA windowdefn",
- /* 288 */ "windowdefn ::= nm AS window",
- /* 289 */ "window ::= LP part_opt orderby_opt frame_opt RP",
- /* 290 */ "part_opt ::= PARTITION BY nexprlist",
- /* 291 */ "part_opt ::=",
- /* 292 */ "frame_opt ::=",
- /* 293 */ "frame_opt ::= range_or_rows frame_bound_s",
- /* 294 */ "frame_opt ::= range_or_rows BETWEEN frame_bound_s AND frame_bound_e",
- /* 295 */ "range_or_rows ::= RANGE",
- /* 296 */ "range_or_rows ::= ROWS",
- /* 297 */ "frame_bound_s ::= frame_bound",
- /* 298 */ "frame_bound_s ::= UNBOUNDED PRECEDING",
- /* 299 */ "frame_bound_e ::= frame_bound",
- /* 300 */ "frame_bound_e ::= UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING",
- /* 301 */ "frame_bound ::= expr PRECEDING",
- /* 302 */ "frame_bound ::= CURRENT ROW",
- /* 303 */ "frame_bound ::= expr FOLLOWING",
- /* 304 */ "window_clause ::= WINDOW windowdefn_list",
- /* 305 */ "over_clause ::= filter_opt OVER window",
- /* 306 */ "over_clause ::= filter_opt OVER nm",
- /* 307 */ "filter_opt ::=",
- /* 308 */ "filter_opt ::= FILTER LP WHERE expr RP",
- /* 309 */ "input ::= cmdlist",
- /* 310 */ "cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd",
- /* 311 */ "cmdlist ::= ecmd",
- /* 312 */ "ecmd ::= SEMI",
- /* 313 */ "ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI",
- /* 314 */ "ecmd ::= explain cmdx",
- /* 315 */ "trans_opt ::=",
- /* 316 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION",
- /* 317 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm",
- /* 318 */ "savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT",
- /* 319 */ "savepoint_opt ::=",
- /* 320 */ "cmd ::= create_table create_table_args",
- /* 321 */ "columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist",
- /* 322 */ "columnlist ::= columnname carglist",
- /* 323 */ "nm ::= ID|INDEXED",
- /* 324 */ "nm ::= STRING",
- /* 325 */ "nm ::= JOIN_KW",
- /* 326 */ "typetoken ::= typename",
- /* 327 */ "typename ::= ID|STRING",
- /* 328 */ "signed ::= plus_num",
- /* 329 */ "signed ::= minus_num",
- /* 330 */ "carglist ::= carglist ccons",
- /* 331 */ "carglist ::=",
- /* 332 */ "ccons ::= NULL onconf",
- /* 333 */ "conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist",
- /* 334 */ "conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons",
- /* 335 */ "conslist ::= tcons",
- /* 336 */ "tconscomma ::=",
- /* 337 */ "defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause",
- /* 338 */ "resolvetype ::= raisetype",
- /* 339 */ "selectnowith ::= oneselect",
- /* 340 */ "oneselect ::= values",
- /* 341 */ "sclp ::= selcollist COMMA",
- /* 342 */ "as ::= ID|STRING",
- /* 343 */ "expr ::= term",
- /* 344 */ "likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH",
- /* 345 */ "exprlist ::= nexprlist",
- /* 346 */ "nmnum ::= plus_num",
- /* 347 */ "nmnum ::= nm",
- /* 348 */ "nmnum ::= ON",
- /* 349 */ "nmnum ::= DELETE",
- /* 350 */ "nmnum ::= DEFAULT",
- /* 351 */ "plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT",
- /* 352 */ "foreach_clause ::=",
- /* 353 */ "foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW",
- /* 354 */ "trnm ::= nm",
- /* 355 */ "tridxby ::=",
- /* 356 */ "database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE",
- /* 357 */ "database_kw_opt ::=",
- /* 358 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::=",
- /* 359 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW",
- /* 360 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarg",
- /* 361 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg",
- /* 362 */ "vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken",
- /* 363 */ "anylist ::=",
- /* 364 */ "anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP",
- /* 365 */ "anylist ::= anylist ANY",
- /* 366 */ "with ::=",
+ /*  29 */ "scantok ::=",
+ /*  30 */ "ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm",
+ /*  31 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT scantok term",
+ /*  32 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP",
+ /*  33 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS scantok term",
+ /*  34 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS scantok term",
+ /*  35 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT scantok ID|INDEXED",
+ /*  36 */ "ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf",
+ /*  37 */ "ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc",
+ /*  38 */ "ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf",
+ /*  39 */ "ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP",
+ /*  40 */ "ccons ::= REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs",
+ /*  41 */ "ccons ::= defer_subclause",
+ /*  42 */ "ccons ::= COLLATE ID|STRING",
+ /*  43 */ "generated ::= LP expr RP",
+ /*  44 */ "generated ::= LP expr RP ID",
+ /*  45 */ "autoinc ::=",
+ /*  46 */ "autoinc ::= AUTOINCR",
+ /*  47 */ "refargs ::=",
+ /*  48 */ "refargs ::= refargs refarg",
+ /*  49 */ "refarg ::= MATCH nm",
+ /*  50 */ "refarg ::= ON INSERT refact",
+ /*  51 */ "refarg ::= ON DELETE refact",
+ /*  52 */ "refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact",
+ /*  53 */ "refact ::= SET NULL",
+ /*  54 */ "refact ::= SET DEFAULT",
+ /*  55 */ "refact ::= CASCADE",
+ /*  56 */ "refact ::= RESTRICT",
+ /*  57 */ "refact ::= NO ACTION",
+ /*  58 */ "defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt",
+ /*  59 */ "defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt",
+ /*  60 */ "init_deferred_pred_opt ::=",
+ /*  61 */ "init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED",
+ /*  62 */ "init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE",
+ /*  63 */ "conslist_opt ::=",
+ /*  64 */ "tconscomma ::= COMMA",
+ /*  65 */ "tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm",
+ /*  66 */ "tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist autoinc RP onconf",
+ /*  67 */ "tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist RP onconf",
+ /*  68 */ "tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf",
+ /*  69 */ "tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist RP REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt",
+ /*  70 */ "defer_subclause_opt ::=",
+ /*  71 */ "onconf ::=",
+ /*  72 */ "onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype",
+ /*  73 */ "orconf ::=",
+ /*  74 */ "orconf ::= OR resolvetype",
+ /*  75 */ "resolvetype ::= IGNORE",
+ /*  76 */ "resolvetype ::= REPLACE",
+ /*  77 */ "cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname",
+ /*  78 */ "ifexists ::= IF EXISTS",
+ /*  79 */ "ifexists ::=",
+ /*  80 */ "cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm eidlist_opt AS select",
+ /*  81 */ "cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname",
+ /*  82 */ "cmd ::= select",
+ /*  83 */ "select ::= WITH wqlist selectnowith",
+ /*  84 */ "select ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist selectnowith",
+ /*  85 */ "select ::= selectnowith",
+ /*  86 */ "selectnowith ::= selectnowith multiselect_op oneselect",
+ /*  87 */ "multiselect_op ::= UNION",
+ /*  88 */ "multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL",
+ /*  89 */ "multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT",
+ /*  90 */ "oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt",
+ /*  91 */ "oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt window_clause orderby_opt limit_opt",
+ /*  92 */ "values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP",
+ /*  93 */ "values ::= values COMMA LP nexprlist RP",
+ /*  94 */ "distinct ::= DISTINCT",
+ /*  95 */ "distinct ::= ALL",
+ /*  96 */ "distinct ::=",
+ /*  97 */ "sclp ::=",
+ /*  98 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as",
+ /*  99 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR",
+ /* 100 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR",
+ /* 101 */ "as ::= AS nm",
+ /* 102 */ "as ::=",
+ /* 103 */ "from ::=",
+ /* 104 */ "from ::= FROM seltablist",
+ /* 105 */ "stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop",
+ /* 106 */ "stl_prefix ::=",
+ /* 107 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_opt on_opt using_opt",
+ /* 108 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_opt using_opt",
+ /* 109 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_opt using_opt",
+ /* 110 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_opt using_opt",
+ /* 111 */ "dbnm ::=",
+ /* 112 */ "dbnm ::= DOT nm",
+ /* 113 */ "fullname ::= nm",
+ /* 114 */ "fullname ::= nm DOT nm",
+ /* 115 */ "xfullname ::= nm",
+ /* 116 */ "xfullname ::= nm DOT nm",
+ /* 117 */ "xfullname ::= nm DOT nm AS nm",
+ /* 118 */ "xfullname ::= nm AS nm",
+ /* 119 */ "joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN",
+ /* 120 */ "joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN",
+ /* 121 */ "joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN",
+ /* 122 */ "joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN",
+ /* 123 */ "on_opt ::= ON expr",
+ /* 124 */ "on_opt ::=",
+ /* 125 */ "indexed_opt ::=",
+ /* 126 */ "indexed_opt ::= INDEXED BY nm",
+ /* 127 */ "indexed_opt ::= NOT INDEXED",
+ /* 128 */ "using_opt ::= USING LP idlist RP",
+ /* 129 */ "using_opt ::=",
+ /* 130 */ "orderby_opt ::=",
+ /* 131 */ "orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist",
+ /* 132 */ "sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder nulls",
+ /* 133 */ "sortlist ::= expr sortorder nulls",
+ /* 134 */ "sortorder ::= ASC",
+ /* 135 */ "sortorder ::= DESC",
+ /* 136 */ "sortorder ::=",
+ /* 137 */ "nulls ::= NULLS FIRST",
+ /* 138 */ "nulls ::= NULLS LAST",
+ /* 139 */ "nulls ::=",
+ /* 140 */ "groupby_opt ::=",
+ /* 141 */ "groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist",
+ /* 142 */ "having_opt ::=",
+ /* 143 */ "having_opt ::= HAVING expr",
+ /* 144 */ "limit_opt ::=",
+ /* 145 */ "limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr",
+ /* 146 */ "limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr",
+ /* 147 */ "limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr",
+ /* 148 */ "cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname indexed_opt where_opt",
+ /* 149 */ "where_opt ::=",
+ /* 150 */ "where_opt ::= WHERE expr",
+ /* 151 */ "cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf xfullname indexed_opt SET setlist from where_opt",
+ /* 152 */ "setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr",
+ /* 153 */ "setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr",
+ /* 154 */ "setlist ::= nm EQ expr",
+ /* 155 */ "setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr",
+ /* 156 */ "cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt select upsert",
+ /* 157 */ "cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES",
+ /* 158 */ "upsert ::=",
+ /* 159 */ "upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt",
+ /* 160 */ "upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO NOTHING",
+ /* 161 */ "upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING",
+ /* 162 */ "insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf",
+ /* 163 */ "insert_cmd ::= REPLACE",
+ /* 164 */ "idlist_opt ::=",
+ /* 165 */ "idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP",
+ /* 166 */ "idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm",
+ /* 167 */ "idlist ::= nm",
+ /* 168 */ "expr ::= LP expr RP",
+ /* 169 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED",
+ /* 170 */ "expr ::= JOIN_KW",
+ /* 171 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm",
+ /* 172 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm",
+ /* 173 */ "term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB",
+ /* 174 */ "term ::= STRING",
+ /* 175 */ "term ::= INTEGER",
+ /* 176 */ "expr ::= VARIABLE",
+ /* 177 */ "expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING",
+ /* 178 */ "expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP",
+ /* 179 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP",
+ /* 180 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP",
+ /* 181 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP filter_over",
+ /* 182 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP filter_over",
+ /* 183 */ "term ::= CTIME_KW",
+ /* 184 */ "expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP",
+ /* 185 */ "expr ::= expr AND expr",
+ /* 186 */ "expr ::= expr OR expr",
+ /* 187 */ "expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr",
+ /* 188 */ "expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr",
+ /* 189 */ "expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr",
+ /* 190 */ "expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr",
+ /* 191 */ "expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr",
+ /* 192 */ "expr ::= expr CONCAT expr",
+ /* 193 */ "likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH",
+ /* 194 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr",
+ /* 195 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr",
+ /* 196 */ "expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL",
+ /* 197 */ "expr ::= expr NOT NULL",
+ /* 198 */ "expr ::= expr IS expr",
+ /* 199 */ "expr ::= expr IS NOT expr",
+ /* 200 */ "expr ::= NOT expr",
+ /* 201 */ "expr ::= BITNOT expr",
+ /* 202 */ "expr ::= PLUS|MINUS expr",
+ /* 203 */ "between_op ::= BETWEEN",
+ /* 204 */ "between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN",
+ /* 205 */ "expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr",
+ /* 206 */ "in_op ::= IN",
+ /* 207 */ "in_op ::= NOT IN",
+ /* 208 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP",
+ /* 209 */ "expr ::= LP select RP",
+ /* 210 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP",
+ /* 211 */ "expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist",
+ /* 212 */ "expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP",
+ /* 213 */ "expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END",
+ /* 214 */ "case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr",
+ /* 215 */ "case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr",
+ /* 216 */ "case_else ::= ELSE expr",
+ /* 217 */ "case_else ::=",
+ /* 218 */ "case_operand ::= expr",
+ /* 219 */ "case_operand ::=",
+ /* 220 */ "exprlist ::=",
+ /* 221 */ "nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr",
+ /* 222 */ "nexprlist ::= expr",
+ /* 223 */ "paren_exprlist ::=",
+ /* 224 */ "paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP",
+ /* 225 */ "cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt",
+ /* 226 */ "uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE",
+ /* 227 */ "uniqueflag ::=",
+ /* 228 */ "eidlist_opt ::=",
+ /* 229 */ "eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP",
+ /* 230 */ "eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder",
+ /* 231 */ "eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder",
+ /* 232 */ "collate ::=",
+ /* 233 */ "collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING",
+ /* 234 */ "cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname",
+ /* 235 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM vinto",
+ /* 236 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM nm vinto",
+ /* 237 */ "vinto ::= INTO expr",
+ /* 238 */ "vinto ::=",
+ /* 239 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm",
+ /* 240 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum",
+ /* 241 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP",
+ /* 242 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num",
+ /* 243 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP",
+ /* 244 */ "plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
+ /* 245 */ "minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
+ /* 246 */ "cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END",
+ /* 247 */ "trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause",
+ /* 248 */ "trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER",
+ /* 249 */ "trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF",
+ /* 250 */ "trigger_time ::=",
+ /* 251 */ "trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT",
+ /* 252 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE",
+ /* 253 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist",
+ /* 254 */ "when_clause ::=",
+ /* 255 */ "when_clause ::= WHEN expr",
+ /* 256 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI",
+ /* 257 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI",
+ /* 258 */ "trnm ::= nm DOT nm",
+ /* 259 */ "tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm",
+ /* 260 */ "tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED",
+ /* 261 */ "trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist from where_opt scanpt",
+ /* 262 */ "trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select upsert scanpt",
+ /* 263 */ "trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt",
+ /* 264 */ "trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt",
+ /* 265 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP",
+ /* 266 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP",
+ /* 267 */ "raisetype ::= ROLLBACK",
+ /* 268 */ "raisetype ::= ABORT",
+ /* 269 */ "raisetype ::= FAIL",
+ /* 270 */ "cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname",
+ /* 271 */ "cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt",
+ /* 272 */ "cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr",
+ /* 273 */ "key_opt ::=",
+ /* 274 */ "key_opt ::= KEY expr",
+ /* 275 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX",
+ /* 276 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm",
+ /* 277 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE",
+ /* 278 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm",
+ /* 279 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm",
+ /* 280 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist",
+ /* 281 */ "add_column_fullname ::= fullname",
+ /* 282 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm TO nm",
+ /* 283 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab",
+ /* 284 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP",
+ /* 285 */ "create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm",
+ /* 286 */ "vtabarg ::=",
+ /* 287 */ "vtabargtoken ::= ANY",
+ /* 288 */ "vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP",
+ /* 289 */ "lp ::= LP",
+ /* 290 */ "with ::= WITH wqlist",
+ /* 291 */ "with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist",
+ /* 292 */ "wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP",
+ /* 293 */ "wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP",
+ /* 294 */ "windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn",
+ /* 295 */ "windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn_list COMMA windowdefn",
+ /* 296 */ "windowdefn ::= nm AS LP window RP",
+ /* 297 */ "window ::= PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt",
+ /* 298 */ "window ::= nm PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt",
+ /* 299 */ "window ::= ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt",
+ /* 300 */ "window ::= nm ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt",
+ /* 301 */ "window ::= frame_opt",
+ /* 302 */ "window ::= nm frame_opt",
+ /* 303 */ "frame_opt ::=",
+ /* 304 */ "frame_opt ::= range_or_rows frame_bound_s frame_exclude_opt",
+ /* 305 */ "frame_opt ::= range_or_rows BETWEEN frame_bound_s AND frame_bound_e frame_exclude_opt",
+ /* 306 */ "range_or_rows ::= RANGE|ROWS|GROUPS",
+ /* 307 */ "frame_bound_s ::= frame_bound",
+ /* 308 */ "frame_bound_s ::= UNBOUNDED PRECEDING",
+ /* 309 */ "frame_bound_e ::= frame_bound",
+ /* 310 */ "frame_bound_e ::= UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING",
+ /* 311 */ "frame_bound ::= expr PRECEDING|FOLLOWING",
+ /* 312 */ "frame_bound ::= CURRENT ROW",
+ /* 313 */ "frame_exclude_opt ::=",
+ /* 314 */ "frame_exclude_opt ::= EXCLUDE frame_exclude",
+ /* 315 */ "frame_exclude ::= NO OTHERS",
+ /* 316 */ "frame_exclude ::= CURRENT ROW",
+ /* 317 */ "frame_exclude ::= GROUP|TIES",
+ /* 318 */ "window_clause ::= WINDOW windowdefn_list",
+ /* 319 */ "filter_over ::= filter_clause over_clause",
+ /* 320 */ "filter_over ::= over_clause",
+ /* 321 */ "filter_over ::= filter_clause",
+ /* 322 */ "over_clause ::= OVER LP window RP",
+ /* 323 */ "over_clause ::= OVER nm",
+ /* 324 */ "filter_clause ::= FILTER LP WHERE expr RP",
+ /* 325 */ "input ::= cmdlist",
+ /* 326 */ "cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd",
+ /* 327 */ "cmdlist ::= ecmd",
+ /* 328 */ "ecmd ::= SEMI",
+ /* 329 */ "ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI",
+ /* 330 */ "ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI",
+ /* 331 */ "trans_opt ::=",
+ /* 332 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION",
+ /* 333 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm",
+ /* 334 */ "savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT",
+ /* 335 */ "savepoint_opt ::=",
+ /* 336 */ "cmd ::= create_table create_table_args",
+ /* 337 */ "columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist",
+ /* 338 */ "columnlist ::= columnname carglist",
+ /* 339 */ "nm ::= ID|INDEXED",
+ /* 340 */ "nm ::= STRING",
+ /* 341 */ "nm ::= JOIN_KW",
+ /* 342 */ "typetoken ::= typename",
+ /* 343 */ "typename ::= ID|STRING",
+ /* 344 */ "signed ::= plus_num",
+ /* 345 */ "signed ::= minus_num",
+ /* 346 */ "carglist ::= carglist ccons",
+ /* 347 */ "carglist ::=",
+ /* 348 */ "ccons ::= NULL onconf",
+ /* 349 */ "ccons ::= GENERATED ALWAYS AS generated",
+ /* 350 */ "ccons ::= AS generated",
+ /* 351 */ "conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist",
+ /* 352 */ "conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons",
+ /* 353 */ "conslist ::= tcons",
+ /* 354 */ "tconscomma ::=",
+ /* 355 */ "defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause",
+ /* 356 */ "resolvetype ::= raisetype",
+ /* 357 */ "selectnowith ::= oneselect",
+ /* 358 */ "oneselect ::= values",
+ /* 359 */ "sclp ::= selcollist COMMA",
+ /* 360 */ "as ::= ID|STRING",
+ /* 361 */ "expr ::= term",
+ /* 362 */ "likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH",
+ /* 363 */ "exprlist ::= nexprlist",
+ /* 364 */ "nmnum ::= plus_num",
+ /* 365 */ "nmnum ::= nm",
+ /* 366 */ "nmnum ::= ON",
+ /* 367 */ "nmnum ::= DELETE",
+ /* 368 */ "nmnum ::= DEFAULT",
+ /* 369 */ "plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT",
+ /* 370 */ "foreach_clause ::=",
+ /* 371 */ "foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW",
+ /* 372 */ "trnm ::= nm",
+ /* 373 */ "tridxby ::=",
+ /* 374 */ "database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE",
+ /* 375 */ "database_kw_opt ::=",
+ /* 376 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::=",
+ /* 377 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW",
+ /* 378 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarg",
+ /* 379 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg",
+ /* 380 */ "vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken",
+ /* 381 */ "anylist ::=",
+ /* 382 */ "anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP",
+ /* 383 */ "anylist ::= anylist ANY",
+ /* 384 */ "with ::=",
 };
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
@@ -147709,7 +157003,7 @@ static int yyGrowStack(yyParser *p){
 #endif
     p->yystksz = newSize;
   }
-  return pNew==0; 
+  return pNew==0;
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -147751,7 +157045,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParserInit(void *yypRawParser sqlite3ParserCTX_PDECL)
 }
 
 #ifndef sqlite3Parser_ENGINEALWAYSONSTACK
-/* 
+/*
 ** This function allocates a new parser.
 ** The only argument is a pointer to a function which works like
 ** malloc.
@@ -147778,7 +157072,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void *(*mallocProc)(YYMALLOCARGTYPE) sql
 /* The following function deletes the "minor type" or semantic value
 ** associated with a symbol.  The symbol can be either a terminal
 ** or nonterminal. "yymajor" is the symbol code, and "yypminor" is
-** a pointer to the value to be deleted.  The code used to do the 
+** a pointer to the value to be deleted.  The code used to do the
 ** deletions is derived from the %destructor and/or %token_destructor
 ** directives of the input grammar.
 */
@@ -147793,7 +157087,7 @@ static void yy_destructor(
     /* Here is inserted the actions which take place when a
     ** terminal or non-terminal is destroyed.  This can happen
     ** when the symbol is popped from the stack during a
-    ** reduce or during error processing or when a parser is 
+    ** reduce or during error processing or when a parser is
     ** being destroyed before it is finished parsing.
     **
     ** Note: during a reduce, the only symbols destroyed are those
@@ -147801,96 +157095,98 @@ static void yy_destructor(
     ** inside the C code.
     */
 /********* Begin destructor definitions ***************************************/
-    case 174: /* select */
-    case 206: /* selectnowith */
-    case 207: /* oneselect */
-    case 219: /* values */
+    case 200: /* select */
+    case 234: /* selectnowith */
+    case 235: /* oneselect */
+    case 247: /* values */
 {
-sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy489));
+sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy539));
 }
       break;
-    case 184: /* term */
-    case 185: /* expr */
-    case 213: /* where_opt */
-    case 215: /* having_opt */
-    case 227: /* on_opt */
-    case 242: /* case_operand */
-    case 244: /* case_else */
-    case 253: /* when_clause */
-    case 258: /* key_opt */
-    case 272: /* filter_opt */
+    case 211: /* term */
+    case 212: /* expr */
+    case 241: /* where_opt */
+    case 243: /* having_opt */
+    case 255: /* on_opt */
+    case 271: /* case_operand */
+    case 273: /* case_else */
+    case 276: /* vinto */
+    case 283: /* when_clause */
+    case 288: /* key_opt */
+    case 302: /* filter_clause */
 {
-sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy18));
+sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy202));
 }
       break;
-    case 189: /* eidlist_opt */
-    case 198: /* sortlist */
-    case 199: /* eidlist */
-    case 211: /* selcollist */
-    case 214: /* groupby_opt */
-    case 216: /* orderby_opt */
-    case 220: /* nexprlist */
-    case 221: /* sclp */
-    case 229: /* exprlist */
-    case 233: /* setlist */
-    case 241: /* paren_exprlist */
-    case 243: /* case_exprlist */
-    case 271: /* part_opt */
+    case 216: /* eidlist_opt */
+    case 226: /* sortlist */
+    case 227: /* eidlist */
+    case 239: /* selcollist */
+    case 242: /* groupby_opt */
+    case 244: /* orderby_opt */
+    case 248: /* nexprlist */
+    case 249: /* sclp */
+    case 257: /* exprlist */
+    case 262: /* setlist */
+    case 270: /* paren_exprlist */
+    case 272: /* case_exprlist */
+    case 301: /* part_opt */
 {
-sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy420));
+sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy242));
 }
       break;
-    case 205: /* fullname */
-    case 212: /* from */
-    case 223: /* seltablist */
-    case 224: /* stl_prefix */
-    case 230: /* xfullname */
+    case 233: /* fullname */
+    case 240: /* from */
+    case 251: /* seltablist */
+    case 252: /* stl_prefix */
+    case 258: /* xfullname */
 {
-sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy135));
+sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy47));
 }
       break;
-    case 208: /* wqlist */
+    case 236: /* wqlist */
 {
-sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy449));
+sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy131));
 }
       break;
-    case 218: /* window_clause */
-    case 267: /* windowdefn_list */
+    case 246: /* window_clause */
+    case 297: /* windowdefn_list */
 {
-sqlite3WindowListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy327));
+sqlite3WindowListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy303));
 }
       break;
-    case 228: /* using_opt */
-    case 231: /* idlist */
-    case 235: /* idlist_opt */
+    case 256: /* using_opt */
+    case 259: /* idlist */
+    case 264: /* idlist_opt */
 {
-sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy48));
+sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy600));
 }
       break;
-    case 237: /* over_clause */
-    case 268: /* windowdefn */
-    case 269: /* window */
-    case 270: /* frame_opt */
+    case 266: /* filter_over */
+    case 298: /* windowdefn */
+    case 299: /* window */
+    case 300: /* frame_opt */
+    case 303: /* over_clause */
 {
-sqlite3WindowDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy327));
+sqlite3WindowDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy303));
 }
       break;
-    case 249: /* trigger_cmd_list */
-    case 254: /* trigger_cmd */
+    case 279: /* trigger_cmd_list */
+    case 284: /* trigger_cmd */
 {
-sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy207));
+sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy447));
 }
       break;
-    case 251: /* trigger_event */
+    case 281: /* trigger_event */
 {
-sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy34).b);
+sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy230).b);
 }
       break;
-    case 274: /* frame_bound */
-    case 275: /* frame_bound_s */
-    case 276: /* frame_bound_e */
+    case 305: /* frame_bound */
+    case 306: /* frame_bound_s */
+    case 307: /* frame_bound_e */
 {
-sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy119).pExpr);
+sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy77).pExpr);
 }
       break;
 /********* End destructor definitions *****************************************/
@@ -147931,7 +157227,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParserFinalize(void *p){
 }
 
 #ifndef sqlite3Parser_ENGINEALWAYSONSTACK
-/* 
+/*
 ** Deallocate and destroy a parser.  Destructors are called for
 ** all stack elements before shutting the parser down.
 **
@@ -148016,15 +157312,18 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_find_shift_action(
   do{
     i = yy_shift_ofst[stateno];
     assert( i>=0 );
-    /* assert( i+YYNTOKEN<=(int)YY_NLOOKAHEAD ); */
+    assert( i<=YY_ACTTAB_COUNT );
+    assert( i+YYNTOKEN<=(int)YY_NLOOKAHEAD );
     assert( iLookAhead!=YYNOCODE );
     assert( iLookAhead < YYNTOKEN );
     i += iLookAhead;
-    if( i>=YY_NLOOKAHEAD || yy_lookahead[i]!=iLookAhead ){
+    assert( i<(int)YY_NLOOKAHEAD );
+    if( yy_lookahead[i]!=iLookAhead ){
 #ifdef YYFALLBACK
       YYCODETYPE iFallback;            /* Fallback token */
-      if( iLookAhead<sizeof(yyFallback)/sizeof(yyFallback[0])
-             && (iFallback = yyFallback[iLookAhead])!=0 ){
+      assert( iLookAhead<sizeof(yyFallback)/sizeof(yyFallback[0]) );
+      iFallback = yyFallback[iLookAhead];
+      if( iFallback!=0 ){
 #ifndef NDEBUG
         if( yyTraceFILE ){
           fprintf(yyTraceFILE, "%sFALLBACK %s => %s\n",
@@ -148039,16 +157338,8 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_find_shift_action(
 #ifdef YYWILDCARD
       {
         int j = i - iLookAhead + YYWILDCARD;
-        if( 
-#if YY_SHIFT_MIN+YYWILDCARD<0
-          j>=0 &&
-#endif
-#if YY_SHIFT_MAX+YYWILDCARD>=YY_ACTTAB_COUNT
-          j<YY_ACTTAB_COUNT &&
-#endif
-          j<(int)(sizeof(yy_lookahead)/sizeof(yy_lookahead[0])) &&
-          yy_lookahead[j]==YYWILDCARD && iLookAhead>0
-        ){
+        assert( j<(int)(sizeof(yy_lookahead)/sizeof(yy_lookahead[0])) );
+        if( yy_lookahead[j]==YYWILDCARD && iLookAhead>0 ){
 #ifndef NDEBUG
           if( yyTraceFILE ){
             fprintf(yyTraceFILE, "%sWILDCARD %s => %s\n",
@@ -148062,6 +157353,7 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_find_shift_action(
 #endif /* YYWILDCARD */
       return yy_default[stateno];
     }else{
+      assert( i>=0 && i<(int)(sizeof(yy_action)/sizeof(yy_action[0])) );
       return yy_action[i];
     }
   }while(1);
@@ -148157,7 +157449,7 @@ static void yy_shift(
     assert( yypParser->yyhwm == (int)(yypParser->yytos - yypParser->yystack) );
   }
 #endif
-#if YYSTACKDEPTH>0 
+#if YYSTACKDEPTH>0
   if( yypParser->yytos>yypParser->yystackEnd ){
     yypParser->yytos--;
     yyStackOverflow(yypParser);
@@ -148182,380 +157474,784 @@ static void yy_shift(
   yyTraceShift(yypParser, yyNewState, "Shift");
 }
 
-/* The following table contains information about every rule that
-** is used during the reduce.
-*/
-static const struct {
-  YYCODETYPE lhs;       /* Symbol on the left-hand side of the rule */
-  signed char nrhs;     /* Negative of the number of RHS symbols in the rule */
-} yyRuleInfo[] = {
-  {  159,   -1 }, /* (0) explain ::= EXPLAIN */
-  {  159,   -3 }, /* (1) explain ::= EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
-  {  158,   -1 }, /* (2) cmdx ::= cmd */
-  {  160,   -3 }, /* (3) cmd ::= BEGIN transtype trans_opt */
-  {  161,    0 }, /* (4) transtype ::= */
-  {  161,   -1 }, /* (5) transtype ::= DEFERRED */
-  {  161,   -1 }, /* (6) transtype ::= IMMEDIATE */
-  {  161,   -1 }, /* (7) transtype ::= EXCLUSIVE */
-  {  160,   -2 }, /* (8) cmd ::= COMMIT|END trans_opt */
-  {  160,   -2 }, /* (9) cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt */
-  {  160,   -2 }, /* (10) cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm */
-  {  160,   -3 }, /* (11) cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm */
-  {  160,   -5 }, /* (12) cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm */
-  {  165,   -6 }, /* (13) create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm */
-  {  167,   -1 }, /* (14) createkw ::= CREATE */
-  {  169,    0 }, /* (15) ifnotexists ::= */
-  {  169,   -3 }, /* (16) ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS */
-  {  168,   -1 }, /* (17) temp ::= TEMP */
-  {  168,    0 }, /* (18) temp ::= */
-  {  166,   -5 }, /* (19) create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_options */
-  {  166,   -2 }, /* (20) create_table_args ::= AS select */
-  {  173,    0 }, /* (21) table_options ::= */
-  {  173,   -2 }, /* (22) table_options ::= WITHOUT nm */
-  {  175,   -2 }, /* (23) columnname ::= nm typetoken */
-  {  177,    0 }, /* (24) typetoken ::= */
-  {  177,   -4 }, /* (25) typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP */
-  {  177,   -6 }, /* (26) typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP */
-  {  178,   -2 }, /* (27) typename ::= typename ID|STRING */
-  {  182,    0 }, /* (28) scanpt ::= */
-  {  183,   -2 }, /* (29) ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
-  {  183,   -4 }, /* (30) ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt term scanpt */
-  {  183,   -4 }, /* (31) ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP */
-  {  183,   -4 }, /* (32) ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term scanpt */
-  {  183,   -4 }, /* (33) ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS term scanpt */
-  {  183,   -3 }, /* (34) ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt ID|INDEXED */
-  {  183,   -3 }, /* (35) ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf */
-  {  183,   -5 }, /* (36) ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc */
-  {  183,   -2 }, /* (37) ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf */
-  {  183,   -4 }, /* (38) ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP */
-  {  183,   -4 }, /* (39) ccons ::= REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs */
-  {  183,   -1 }, /* (40) ccons ::= defer_subclause */
-  {  183,   -2 }, /* (41) ccons ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
-  {  188,    0 }, /* (42) autoinc ::= */
-  {  188,   -1 }, /* (43) autoinc ::= AUTOINCR */
-  {  190,    0 }, /* (44) refargs ::= */
-  {  190,   -2 }, /* (45) refargs ::= refargs refarg */
-  {  192,   -2 }, /* (46) refarg ::= MATCH nm */
-  {  192,   -3 }, /* (47) refarg ::= ON INSERT refact */
-  {  192,   -3 }, /* (48) refarg ::= ON DELETE refact */
-  {  192,   -3 }, /* (49) refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact */
-  {  193,   -2 }, /* (50) refact ::= SET NULL */
-  {  193,   -2 }, /* (51) refact ::= SET DEFAULT */
-  {  193,   -1 }, /* (52) refact ::= CASCADE */
-  {  193,   -1 }, /* (53) refact ::= RESTRICT */
-  {  193,   -2 }, /* (54) refact ::= NO ACTION */
-  {  191,   -3 }, /* (55) defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
-  {  191,   -2 }, /* (56) defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
-  {  194,    0 }, /* (57) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= */
-  {  194,   -2 }, /* (58) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED */
-  {  194,   -2 }, /* (59) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE */
-  {  172,    0 }, /* (60) conslist_opt ::= */
-  {  196,   -1 }, /* (61) tconscomma ::= COMMA */
-  {  197,   -2 }, /* (62) tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
-  {  197,   -7 }, /* (63) tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist autoinc RP onconf */
-  {  197,   -5 }, /* (64) tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist RP onconf */
-  {  197,   -5 }, /* (65) tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf */
-  {  197,  -10 }, /* (66) tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist RP REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt */
-  {  200,    0 }, /* (67) defer_subclause_opt ::= */
-  {  186,    0 }, /* (68) onconf ::= */
-  {  186,   -3 }, /* (69) onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype */
-  {  201,    0 }, /* (70) orconf ::= */
-  {  201,   -2 }, /* (71) orconf ::= OR resolvetype */
-  {  202,   -1 }, /* (72) resolvetype ::= IGNORE */
-  {  202,   -1 }, /* (73) resolvetype ::= REPLACE */
-  {  160,   -4 }, /* (74) cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname */
-  {  204,   -2 }, /* (75) ifexists ::= IF EXISTS */
-  {  204,    0 }, /* (76) ifexists ::= */
-  {  160,   -9 }, /* (77) cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm eidlist_opt AS select */
-  {  160,   -4 }, /* (78) cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname */
-  {  160,   -1 }, /* (79) cmd ::= select */
-  {  174,   -3 }, /* (80) select ::= WITH wqlist selectnowith */
-  {  174,   -4 }, /* (81) select ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist selectnowith */
-  {  174,   -1 }, /* (82) select ::= selectnowith */
-  {  206,   -3 }, /* (83) selectnowith ::= selectnowith multiselect_op oneselect */
-  {  209,   -1 }, /* (84) multiselect_op ::= UNION */
-  {  209,   -2 }, /* (85) multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL */
-  {  209,   -1 }, /* (86) multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT */
-  {  207,   -9 }, /* (87) oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt */
-  {  207,  -10 }, /* (88) oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt window_clause orderby_opt limit_opt */
-  {  219,   -4 }, /* (89) values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP */
-  {  219,   -5 }, /* (90) values ::= values COMMA LP nexprlist RP */
-  {  210,   -1 }, /* (91) distinct ::= DISTINCT */
-  {  210,   -1 }, /* (92) distinct ::= ALL */
-  {  210,    0 }, /* (93) distinct ::= */
-  {  221,    0 }, /* (94) sclp ::= */
-  {  211,   -5 }, /* (95) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as */
-  {  211,   -3 }, /* (96) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR */
-  {  211,   -5 }, /* (97) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR */
-  {  222,   -2 }, /* (98) as ::= AS nm */
-  {  222,    0 }, /* (99) as ::= */
-  {  212,    0 }, /* (100) from ::= */
-  {  212,   -2 }, /* (101) from ::= FROM seltablist */
-  {  224,   -2 }, /* (102) stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
-  {  224,    0 }, /* (103) stl_prefix ::= */
-  {  223,   -7 }, /* (104) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_opt on_opt using_opt */
-  {  223,   -9 }, /* (105) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_opt using_opt */
-  {  223,   -7 }, /* (106) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_opt using_opt */
-  {  223,   -7 }, /* (107) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_opt using_opt */
-  {  170,    0 }, /* (108) dbnm ::= */
-  {  170,   -2 }, /* (109) dbnm ::= DOT nm */
-  {  205,   -1 }, /* (110) fullname ::= nm */
-  {  205,   -3 }, /* (111) fullname ::= nm DOT nm */
-  {  230,   -1 }, /* (112) xfullname ::= nm */
-  {  230,   -3 }, /* (113) xfullname ::= nm DOT nm */
-  {  230,   -5 }, /* (114) xfullname ::= nm DOT nm AS nm */
-  {  230,   -3 }, /* (115) xfullname ::= nm AS nm */
-  {  225,   -1 }, /* (116) joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
-  {  225,   -2 }, /* (117) joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
-  {  225,   -3 }, /* (118) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
-  {  225,   -4 }, /* (119) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
-  {  227,   -2 }, /* (120) on_opt ::= ON expr */
-  {  227,    0 }, /* (121) on_opt ::= */
-  {  226,    0 }, /* (122) indexed_opt ::= */
-  {  226,   -3 }, /* (123) indexed_opt ::= INDEXED BY nm */
-  {  226,   -2 }, /* (124) indexed_opt ::= NOT INDEXED */
-  {  228,   -4 }, /* (125) using_opt ::= USING LP idlist RP */
-  {  228,    0 }, /* (126) using_opt ::= */
-  {  216,    0 }, /* (127) orderby_opt ::= */
-  {  216,   -3 }, /* (128) orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
-  {  198,   -4 }, /* (129) sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder */
-  {  198,   -2 }, /* (130) sortlist ::= expr sortorder */
-  {  187,   -1 }, /* (131) sortorder ::= ASC */
-  {  187,   -1 }, /* (132) sortorder ::= DESC */
-  {  187,    0 }, /* (133) sortorder ::= */
-  {  214,    0 }, /* (134) groupby_opt ::= */
-  {  214,   -3 }, /* (135) groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */
-  {  215,    0 }, /* (136) having_opt ::= */
-  {  215,   -2 }, /* (137) having_opt ::= HAVING expr */
-  {  217,    0 }, /* (138) limit_opt ::= */
-  {  217,   -2 }, /* (139) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
-  {  217,   -4 }, /* (140) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
-  {  217,   -4 }, /* (141) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
-  {  160,   -6 }, /* (142) cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname indexed_opt where_opt */
-  {  213,    0 }, /* (143) where_opt ::= */
-  {  213,   -2 }, /* (144) where_opt ::= WHERE expr */
-  {  160,   -8 }, /* (145) cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf xfullname indexed_opt SET setlist where_opt */
-  {  233,   -5 }, /* (146) setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
-  {  233,   -7 }, /* (147) setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr */
-  {  233,   -3 }, /* (148) setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
-  {  233,   -5 }, /* (149) setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr */
-  {  160,   -7 }, /* (150) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt select upsert */
-  {  160,   -7 }, /* (151) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES */
-  {  236,    0 }, /* (152) upsert ::= */
-  {  236,  -11 }, /* (153) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt */
-  {  236,   -8 }, /* (154) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO NOTHING */
-  {  236,   -4 }, /* (155) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING */
-  {  234,   -2 }, /* (156) insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */
-  {  234,   -1 }, /* (157) insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */
-  {  235,    0 }, /* (158) idlist_opt ::= */
-  {  235,   -3 }, /* (159) idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP */
-  {  231,   -3 }, /* (160) idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm */
-  {  231,   -1 }, /* (161) idlist ::= nm */
-  {  185,   -3 }, /* (162) expr ::= LP expr RP */
-  {  185,   -1 }, /* (163) expr ::= ID|INDEXED */
-  {  185,   -1 }, /* (164) expr ::= JOIN_KW */
-  {  185,   -3 }, /* (165) expr ::= nm DOT nm */
-  {  185,   -5 }, /* (166) expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
-  {  184,   -1 }, /* (167) term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB */
-  {  184,   -1 }, /* (168) term ::= STRING */
-  {  184,   -1 }, /* (169) term ::= INTEGER */
-  {  185,   -1 }, /* (170) expr ::= VARIABLE */
-  {  185,   -3 }, /* (171) expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
-  {  185,   -6 }, /* (172) expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
-  {  185,   -5 }, /* (173) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP */
-  {  185,   -4 }, /* (174) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP */
-  {  185,   -6 }, /* (175) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP over_clause */
-  {  185,   -5 }, /* (176) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP over_clause */
-  {  184,   -1 }, /* (177) term ::= CTIME_KW */
-  {  185,   -5 }, /* (178) expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
-  {  185,   -3 }, /* (179) expr ::= expr AND expr */
-  {  185,   -3 }, /* (180) expr ::= expr OR expr */
-  {  185,   -3 }, /* (181) expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */
-  {  185,   -3 }, /* (182) expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */
-  {  185,   -3 }, /* (183) expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */
-  {  185,   -3 }, /* (184) expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */
-  {  185,   -3 }, /* (185) expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */
-  {  185,   -3 }, /* (186) expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */
-  {  238,   -2 }, /* (187) likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
-  {  185,   -3 }, /* (188) expr ::= expr likeop expr */
-  {  185,   -5 }, /* (189) expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
-  {  185,   -2 }, /* (190) expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
-  {  185,   -3 }, /* (191) expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
-  {  185,   -3 }, /* (192) expr ::= expr IS expr */
-  {  185,   -4 }, /* (193) expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
-  {  185,   -2 }, /* (194) expr ::= NOT expr */
-  {  185,   -2 }, /* (195) expr ::= BITNOT expr */
-  {  185,   -2 }, /* (196) expr ::= PLUS|MINUS expr */
-  {  239,   -1 }, /* (197) between_op ::= BETWEEN */
-  {  239,   -2 }, /* (198) between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */
-  {  185,   -5 }, /* (199) expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
-  {  240,   -1 }, /* (200) in_op ::= IN */
-  {  240,   -2 }, /* (201) in_op ::= NOT IN */
-  {  185,   -5 }, /* (202) expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
-  {  185,   -3 }, /* (203) expr ::= LP select RP */
-  {  185,   -5 }, /* (204) expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
-  {  185,   -5 }, /* (205) expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
-  {  185,   -4 }, /* (206) expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
-  {  185,   -5 }, /* (207) expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
-  {  243,   -5 }, /* (208) case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
-  {  243,   -4 }, /* (209) case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
-  {  244,   -2 }, /* (210) case_else ::= ELSE expr */
-  {  244,    0 }, /* (211) case_else ::= */
-  {  242,   -1 }, /* (212) case_operand ::= expr */
-  {  242,    0 }, /* (213) case_operand ::= */
-  {  229,    0 }, /* (214) exprlist ::= */
-  {  220,   -3 }, /* (215) nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
-  {  220,   -1 }, /* (216) nexprlist ::= expr */
-  {  241,    0 }, /* (217) paren_exprlist ::= */
-  {  241,   -3 }, /* (218) paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
-  {  160,  -12 }, /* (219) cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
-  {  245,   -1 }, /* (220) uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
-  {  245,    0 }, /* (221) uniqueflag ::= */
-  {  189,    0 }, /* (222) eidlist_opt ::= */
-  {  189,   -3 }, /* (223) eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */
-  {  199,   -5 }, /* (224) eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
-  {  199,   -3 }, /* (225) eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
-  {  246,    0 }, /* (226) collate ::= */
-  {  246,   -2 }, /* (227) collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
-  {  160,   -4 }, /* (228) cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
-  {  160,   -1 }, /* (229) cmd ::= VACUUM */
-  {  160,   -2 }, /* (230) cmd ::= VACUUM nm */
-  {  160,   -3 }, /* (231) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
-  {  160,   -5 }, /* (232) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
-  {  160,   -6 }, /* (233) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
-  {  160,   -5 }, /* (234) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
-  {  160,   -6 }, /* (235) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
-  {  180,   -2 }, /* (236) plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
-  {  181,   -2 }, /* (237) minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
-  {  160,   -5 }, /* (238) cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
-  {  248,  -11 }, /* (239) trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
-  {  250,   -1 }, /* (240) trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER */
-  {  250,   -2 }, /* (241) trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
-  {  250,    0 }, /* (242) trigger_time ::= */
-  {  251,   -1 }, /* (243) trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
-  {  251,   -1 }, /* (244) trigger_event ::= UPDATE */
-  {  251,   -3 }, /* (245) trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
-  {  253,    0 }, /* (246) when_clause ::= */
-  {  253,   -2 }, /* (247) when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
-  {  249,   -3 }, /* (248) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
-  {  249,   -2 }, /* (249) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
-  {  255,   -3 }, /* (250) trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
-  {  256,   -3 }, /* (251) tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
-  {  256,   -2 }, /* (252) tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
-  {  254,   -8 }, /* (253) trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist where_opt scanpt */
-  {  254,   -8 }, /* (254) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select upsert scanpt */
-  {  254,   -6 }, /* (255) trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt */
-  {  254,   -3 }, /* (256) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt */
-  {  185,   -4 }, /* (257) expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
-  {  185,   -6 }, /* (258) expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
-  {  203,   -1 }, /* (259) raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
-  {  203,   -1 }, /* (260) raisetype ::= ABORT */
-  {  203,   -1 }, /* (261) raisetype ::= FAIL */
-  {  160,   -4 }, /* (262) cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
-  {  160,   -6 }, /* (263) cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
-  {  160,   -3 }, /* (264) cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
-  {  258,    0 }, /* (265) key_opt ::= */
-  {  258,   -2 }, /* (266) key_opt ::= KEY expr */
-  {  160,   -1 }, /* (267) cmd ::= REINDEX */
-  {  160,   -3 }, /* (268) cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
-  {  160,   -1 }, /* (269) cmd ::= ANALYZE */
-  {  160,   -3 }, /* (270) cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
-  {  160,   -6 }, /* (271) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
-  {  160,   -7 }, /* (272) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
-  {  259,   -1 }, /* (273) add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
-  {  160,   -8 }, /* (274) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm TO nm */
-  {  160,   -1 }, /* (275) cmd ::= create_vtab */
-  {  160,   -4 }, /* (276) cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
-  {  261,   -8 }, /* (277) create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
-  {  263,    0 }, /* (278) vtabarg ::= */
-  {  264,   -1 }, /* (279) vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
-  {  264,   -3 }, /* (280) vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */
-  {  265,   -1 }, /* (281) lp ::= LP */
-  {  232,   -2 }, /* (282) with ::= WITH wqlist */
-  {  232,   -3 }, /* (283) with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */
-  {  208,   -6 }, /* (284) wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
-  {  208,   -8 }, /* (285) wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
-  {  267,   -1 }, /* (286) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn */
-  {  267,   -3 }, /* (287) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn_list COMMA windowdefn */
-  {  268,   -3 }, /* (288) windowdefn ::= nm AS window */
-  {  269,   -5 }, /* (289) window ::= LP part_opt orderby_opt frame_opt RP */
-  {  271,   -3 }, /* (290) part_opt ::= PARTITION BY nexprlist */
-  {  271,    0 }, /* (291) part_opt ::= */
-  {  270,    0 }, /* (292) frame_opt ::= */
-  {  270,   -2 }, /* (293) frame_opt ::= range_or_rows frame_bound_s */
-  {  270,   -5 }, /* (294) frame_opt ::= range_or_rows BETWEEN frame_bound_s AND frame_bound_e */
-  {  273,   -1 }, /* (295) range_or_rows ::= RANGE */
-  {  273,   -1 }, /* (296) range_or_rows ::= ROWS */
-  {  275,   -1 }, /* (297) frame_bound_s ::= frame_bound */
-  {  275,   -2 }, /* (298) frame_bound_s ::= UNBOUNDED PRECEDING */
-  {  276,   -1 }, /* (299) frame_bound_e ::= frame_bound */
-  {  276,   -2 }, /* (300) frame_bound_e ::= UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING */
-  {  274,   -2 }, /* (301) frame_bound ::= expr PRECEDING */
-  {  274,   -2 }, /* (302) frame_bound ::= CURRENT ROW */
-  {  274,   -2 }, /* (303) frame_bound ::= expr FOLLOWING */
-  {  218,   -2 }, /* (304) window_clause ::= WINDOW windowdefn_list */
-  {  237,   -3 }, /* (305) over_clause ::= filter_opt OVER window */
-  {  237,   -3 }, /* (306) over_clause ::= filter_opt OVER nm */
-  {  272,    0 }, /* (307) filter_opt ::= */
-  {  272,   -5 }, /* (308) filter_opt ::= FILTER LP WHERE expr RP */
-  {  155,   -1 }, /* (309) input ::= cmdlist */
-  {  156,   -2 }, /* (310) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */
-  {  156,   -1 }, /* (311) cmdlist ::= ecmd */
-  {  157,   -1 }, /* (312) ecmd ::= SEMI */
-  {  157,   -2 }, /* (313) ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI */
-  {  157,   -2 }, /* (314) ecmd ::= explain cmdx */
-  {  162,    0 }, /* (315) trans_opt ::= */
-  {  162,   -1 }, /* (316) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */
-  {  162,   -2 }, /* (317) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */
-  {  164,   -1 }, /* (318) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */
-  {  164,    0 }, /* (319) savepoint_opt ::= */
-  {  160,   -2 }, /* (320) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */
-  {  171,   -4 }, /* (321) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */
-  {  171,   -2 }, /* (322) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */
-  {  163,   -1 }, /* (323) nm ::= ID|INDEXED */
-  {  163,   -1 }, /* (324) nm ::= STRING */
-  {  163,   -1 }, /* (325) nm ::= JOIN_KW */
-  {  177,   -1 }, /* (326) typetoken ::= typename */
-  {  178,   -1 }, /* (327) typename ::= ID|STRING */
-  {  179,   -1 }, /* (328) signed ::= plus_num */
-  {  179,   -1 }, /* (329) signed ::= minus_num */
-  {  176,   -2 }, /* (330) carglist ::= carglist ccons */
-  {  176,    0 }, /* (331) carglist ::= */
-  {  183,   -2 }, /* (332) ccons ::= NULL onconf */
-  {  172,   -2 }, /* (333) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */
-  {  195,   -3 }, /* (334) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */
-  {  195,   -1 }, /* (335) conslist ::= tcons */
-  {  196,    0 }, /* (336) tconscomma ::= */
-  {  200,   -1 }, /* (337) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause */
-  {  202,   -1 }, /* (338) resolvetype ::= raisetype */
-  {  206,   -1 }, /* (339) selectnowith ::= oneselect */
-  {  207,   -1 }, /* (340) oneselect ::= values */
-  {  221,   -2 }, /* (341) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */
-  {  222,   -1 }, /* (342) as ::= ID|STRING */
-  {  185,   -1 }, /* (343) expr ::= term */
-  {  238,   -1 }, /* (344) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */
-  {  229,   -1 }, /* (345) exprlist ::= nexprlist */
-  {  247,   -1 }, /* (346) nmnum ::= plus_num */
-  {  247,   -1 }, /* (347) nmnum ::= nm */
-  {  247,   -1 }, /* (348) nmnum ::= ON */
-  {  247,   -1 }, /* (349) nmnum ::= DELETE */
-  {  247,   -1 }, /* (350) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */
-  {  180,   -1 }, /* (351) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */
-  {  252,    0 }, /* (352) foreach_clause ::= */
-  {  252,   -3 }, /* (353) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */
-  {  255,   -1 }, /* (354) trnm ::= nm */
-  {  256,    0 }, /* (355) tridxby ::= */
-  {  257,   -1 }, /* (356) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */
-  {  257,    0 }, /* (357) database_kw_opt ::= */
-  {  260,    0 }, /* (358) kwcolumn_opt ::= */
-  {  260,   -1 }, /* (359) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */
-  {  262,   -1 }, /* (360) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */
-  {  262,   -3 }, /* (361) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */
-  {  263,   -2 }, /* (362) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */
-  {  266,    0 }, /* (363) anylist ::= */
-  {  266,   -4 }, /* (364) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */
-  {  266,   -2 }, /* (365) anylist ::= anylist ANY */
-  {  232,    0 }, /* (366) with ::= */
+/* For rule J, yyRuleInfoLhs[J] contains the symbol on the left-hand side
+** of that rule */
+static const YYCODETYPE yyRuleInfoLhs[] = {
+   185,  /* (0) explain ::= EXPLAIN */
+   185,  /* (1) explain ::= EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
+   184,  /* (2) cmdx ::= cmd */
+   186,  /* (3) cmd ::= BEGIN transtype trans_opt */
+   187,  /* (4) transtype ::= */
+   187,  /* (5) transtype ::= DEFERRED */
+   187,  /* (6) transtype ::= IMMEDIATE */
+   187,  /* (7) transtype ::= EXCLUSIVE */
+   186,  /* (8) cmd ::= COMMIT|END trans_opt */
+   186,  /* (9) cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt */
+   186,  /* (10) cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm */
+   186,  /* (11) cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm */
+   186,  /* (12) cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm */
+   191,  /* (13) create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm */
+   193,  /* (14) createkw ::= CREATE */
+   195,  /* (15) ifnotexists ::= */
+   195,  /* (16) ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS */
+   194,  /* (17) temp ::= TEMP */
+   194,  /* (18) temp ::= */
+   192,  /* (19) create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_options */
+   192,  /* (20) create_table_args ::= AS select */
+   199,  /* (21) table_options ::= */
+   199,  /* (22) table_options ::= WITHOUT nm */
+   201,  /* (23) columnname ::= nm typetoken */
+   203,  /* (24) typetoken ::= */
+   203,  /* (25) typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP */
+   203,  /* (26) typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP */
+   204,  /* (27) typename ::= typename ID|STRING */
+   208,  /* (28) scanpt ::= */
+   209,  /* (29) scantok ::= */
+   210,  /* (30) ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
+   210,  /* (31) ccons ::= DEFAULT scantok term */
+   210,  /* (32) ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP */
+   210,  /* (33) ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS scantok term */
+   210,  /* (34) ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS scantok term */
+   210,  /* (35) ccons ::= DEFAULT scantok ID|INDEXED */
+   210,  /* (36) ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf */
+   210,  /* (37) ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc */
+   210,  /* (38) ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf */
+   210,  /* (39) ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP */
+   210,  /* (40) ccons ::= REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs */
+   210,  /* (41) ccons ::= defer_subclause */
+   210,  /* (42) ccons ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
+   219,  /* (43) generated ::= LP expr RP */
+   219,  /* (44) generated ::= LP expr RP ID */
+   215,  /* (45) autoinc ::= */
+   215,  /* (46) autoinc ::= AUTOINCR */
+   217,  /* (47) refargs ::= */
+   217,  /* (48) refargs ::= refargs refarg */
+   220,  /* (49) refarg ::= MATCH nm */
+   220,  /* (50) refarg ::= ON INSERT refact */
+   220,  /* (51) refarg ::= ON DELETE refact */
+   220,  /* (52) refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact */
+   221,  /* (53) refact ::= SET NULL */
+   221,  /* (54) refact ::= SET DEFAULT */
+   221,  /* (55) refact ::= CASCADE */
+   221,  /* (56) refact ::= RESTRICT */
+   221,  /* (57) refact ::= NO ACTION */
+   218,  /* (58) defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
+   218,  /* (59) defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
+   222,  /* (60) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= */
+   222,  /* (61) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED */
+   222,  /* (62) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE */
+   198,  /* (63) conslist_opt ::= */
+   224,  /* (64) tconscomma ::= COMMA */
+   225,  /* (65) tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
+   225,  /* (66) tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist autoinc RP onconf */
+   225,  /* (67) tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist RP onconf */
+   225,  /* (68) tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf */
+   225,  /* (69) tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist RP REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt */
+   228,  /* (70) defer_subclause_opt ::= */
+   213,  /* (71) onconf ::= */
+   213,  /* (72) onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype */
+   229,  /* (73) orconf ::= */
+   229,  /* (74) orconf ::= OR resolvetype */
+   230,  /* (75) resolvetype ::= IGNORE */
+   230,  /* (76) resolvetype ::= REPLACE */
+   186,  /* (77) cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname */
+   232,  /* (78) ifexists ::= IF EXISTS */
+   232,  /* (79) ifexists ::= */
+   186,  /* (80) cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm eidlist_opt AS select */
+   186,  /* (81) cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname */
+   186,  /* (82) cmd ::= select */
+   200,  /* (83) select ::= WITH wqlist selectnowith */
+   200,  /* (84) select ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist selectnowith */
+   200,  /* (85) select ::= selectnowith */
+   234,  /* (86) selectnowith ::= selectnowith multiselect_op oneselect */
+   237,  /* (87) multiselect_op ::= UNION */
+   237,  /* (88) multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL */
+   237,  /* (89) multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT */
+   235,  /* (90) oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt */
+   235,  /* (91) oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt window_clause orderby_opt limit_opt */
+   247,  /* (92) values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP */
+   247,  /* (93) values ::= values COMMA LP nexprlist RP */
+   238,  /* (94) distinct ::= DISTINCT */
+   238,  /* (95) distinct ::= ALL */
+   238,  /* (96) distinct ::= */
+   249,  /* (97) sclp ::= */
+   239,  /* (98) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as */
+   239,  /* (99) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR */
+   239,  /* (100) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR */
+   250,  /* (101) as ::= AS nm */
+   250,  /* (102) as ::= */
+   240,  /* (103) from ::= */
+   240,  /* (104) from ::= FROM seltablist */
+   252,  /* (105) stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
+   252,  /* (106) stl_prefix ::= */
+   251,  /* (107) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_opt on_opt using_opt */
+   251,  /* (108) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_opt using_opt */
+   251,  /* (109) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_opt using_opt */
+   251,  /* (110) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_opt using_opt */
+   196,  /* (111) dbnm ::= */
+   196,  /* (112) dbnm ::= DOT nm */
+   233,  /* (113) fullname ::= nm */
+   233,  /* (114) fullname ::= nm DOT nm */
+   258,  /* (115) xfullname ::= nm */
+   258,  /* (116) xfullname ::= nm DOT nm */
+   258,  /* (117) xfullname ::= nm DOT nm AS nm */
+   258,  /* (118) xfullname ::= nm AS nm */
+   253,  /* (119) joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
+   253,  /* (120) joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
+   253,  /* (121) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
+   253,  /* (122) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
+   255,  /* (123) on_opt ::= ON expr */
+   255,  /* (124) on_opt ::= */
+   254,  /* (125) indexed_opt ::= */
+   254,  /* (126) indexed_opt ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+   254,  /* (127) indexed_opt ::= NOT INDEXED */
+   256,  /* (128) using_opt ::= USING LP idlist RP */
+   256,  /* (129) using_opt ::= */
+   244,  /* (130) orderby_opt ::= */
+   244,  /* (131) orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
+   226,  /* (132) sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder nulls */
+   226,  /* (133) sortlist ::= expr sortorder nulls */
+   214,  /* (134) sortorder ::= ASC */
+   214,  /* (135) sortorder ::= DESC */
+   214,  /* (136) sortorder ::= */
+   260,  /* (137) nulls ::= NULLS FIRST */
+   260,  /* (138) nulls ::= NULLS LAST */
+   260,  /* (139) nulls ::= */
+   242,  /* (140) groupby_opt ::= */
+   242,  /* (141) groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */
+   243,  /* (142) having_opt ::= */
+   243,  /* (143) having_opt ::= HAVING expr */
+   245,  /* (144) limit_opt ::= */
+   245,  /* (145) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
+   245,  /* (146) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
+   245,  /* (147) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
+   186,  /* (148) cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname indexed_opt where_opt */
+   241,  /* (149) where_opt ::= */
+   241,  /* (150) where_opt ::= WHERE expr */
+   186,  /* (151) cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf xfullname indexed_opt SET setlist from where_opt */
+   262,  /* (152) setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
+   262,  /* (153) setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+   262,  /* (154) setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
+   262,  /* (155) setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+   186,  /* (156) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt select upsert */
+   186,  /* (157) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES */
+   265,  /* (158) upsert ::= */
+   265,  /* (159) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt */
+   265,  /* (160) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO NOTHING */
+   265,  /* (161) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING */
+   263,  /* (162) insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */
+   263,  /* (163) insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */
+   264,  /* (164) idlist_opt ::= */
+   264,  /* (165) idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP */
+   259,  /* (166) idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm */
+   259,  /* (167) idlist ::= nm */
+   212,  /* (168) expr ::= LP expr RP */
+   212,  /* (169) expr ::= ID|INDEXED */
+   212,  /* (170) expr ::= JOIN_KW */
+   212,  /* (171) expr ::= nm DOT nm */
+   212,  /* (172) expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
+   211,  /* (173) term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB */
+   211,  /* (174) term ::= STRING */
+   211,  /* (175) term ::= INTEGER */
+   212,  /* (176) expr ::= VARIABLE */
+   212,  /* (177) expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
+   212,  /* (178) expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
+   212,  /* (179) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP */
+   212,  /* (180) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP */
+   212,  /* (181) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP filter_over */
+   212,  /* (182) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP filter_over */
+   211,  /* (183) term ::= CTIME_KW */
+   212,  /* (184) expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
+   212,  /* (185) expr ::= expr AND expr */
+   212,  /* (186) expr ::= expr OR expr */
+   212,  /* (187) expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */
+   212,  /* (188) expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */
+   212,  /* (189) expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */
+   212,  /* (190) expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */
+   212,  /* (191) expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */
+   212,  /* (192) expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */
+   267,  /* (193) likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+   212,  /* (194) expr ::= expr likeop expr */
+   212,  /* (195) expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
+   212,  /* (196) expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
+   212,  /* (197) expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
+   212,  /* (198) expr ::= expr IS expr */
+   212,  /* (199) expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
+   212,  /* (200) expr ::= NOT expr */
+   212,  /* (201) expr ::= BITNOT expr */
+   212,  /* (202) expr ::= PLUS|MINUS expr */
+   268,  /* (203) between_op ::= BETWEEN */
+   268,  /* (204) between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */
+   212,  /* (205) expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
+   269,  /* (206) in_op ::= IN */
+   269,  /* (207) in_op ::= NOT IN */
+   212,  /* (208) expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
+   212,  /* (209) expr ::= LP select RP */
+   212,  /* (210) expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
+   212,  /* (211) expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
+   212,  /* (212) expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
+   212,  /* (213) expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
+   272,  /* (214) case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
+   272,  /* (215) case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
+   273,  /* (216) case_else ::= ELSE expr */
+   273,  /* (217) case_else ::= */
+   271,  /* (218) case_operand ::= expr */
+   271,  /* (219) case_operand ::= */
+   257,  /* (220) exprlist ::= */
+   248,  /* (221) nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
+   248,  /* (222) nexprlist ::= expr */
+   270,  /* (223) paren_exprlist ::= */
+   270,  /* (224) paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
+   186,  /* (225) cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
+   274,  /* (226) uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
+   274,  /* (227) uniqueflag ::= */
+   216,  /* (228) eidlist_opt ::= */
+   216,  /* (229) eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */
+   227,  /* (230) eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
+   227,  /* (231) eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
+   275,  /* (232) collate ::= */
+   275,  /* (233) collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
+   186,  /* (234) cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
+   186,  /* (235) cmd ::= VACUUM vinto */
+   186,  /* (236) cmd ::= VACUUM nm vinto */
+   276,  /* (237) vinto ::= INTO expr */
+   276,  /* (238) vinto ::= */
+   186,  /* (239) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
+   186,  /* (240) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
+   186,  /* (241) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
+   186,  /* (242) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
+   186,  /* (243) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
+   206,  /* (244) plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
+   207,  /* (245) minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
+   186,  /* (246) cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
+   278,  /* (247) trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
+   280,  /* (248) trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER */
+   280,  /* (249) trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
+   280,  /* (250) trigger_time ::= */
+   281,  /* (251) trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
+   281,  /* (252) trigger_event ::= UPDATE */
+   281,  /* (253) trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
+   283,  /* (254) when_clause ::= */
+   283,  /* (255) when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
+   279,  /* (256) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
+   279,  /* (257) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
+   285,  /* (258) trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
+   286,  /* (259) tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+   286,  /* (260) tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
+   284,  /* (261) trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist from where_opt scanpt */
+   284,  /* (262) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select upsert scanpt */
+   284,  /* (263) trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt */
+   284,  /* (264) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt */
+   212,  /* (265) expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
+   212,  /* (266) expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
+   231,  /* (267) raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
+   231,  /* (268) raisetype ::= ABORT */
+   231,  /* (269) raisetype ::= FAIL */
+   186,  /* (270) cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
+   186,  /* (271) cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
+   186,  /* (272) cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
+   288,  /* (273) key_opt ::= */
+   288,  /* (274) key_opt ::= KEY expr */
+   186,  /* (275) cmd ::= REINDEX */
+   186,  /* (276) cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
+   186,  /* (277) cmd ::= ANALYZE */
+   186,  /* (278) cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
+   186,  /* (279) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
+   186,  /* (280) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
+   289,  /* (281) add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
+   186,  /* (282) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm TO nm */
+   186,  /* (283) cmd ::= create_vtab */
+   186,  /* (284) cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
+   291,  /* (285) create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
+   293,  /* (286) vtabarg ::= */
+   294,  /* (287) vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
+   294,  /* (288) vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */
+   295,  /* (289) lp ::= LP */
+   261,  /* (290) with ::= WITH wqlist */
+   261,  /* (291) with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */
+   236,  /* (292) wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
+   236,  /* (293) wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
+   297,  /* (294) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn */
+   297,  /* (295) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn_list COMMA windowdefn */
+   298,  /* (296) windowdefn ::= nm AS LP window RP */
+   299,  /* (297) window ::= PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
+   299,  /* (298) window ::= nm PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
+   299,  /* (299) window ::= ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
+   299,  /* (300) window ::= nm ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
+   299,  /* (301) window ::= frame_opt */
+   299,  /* (302) window ::= nm frame_opt */
+   300,  /* (303) frame_opt ::= */
+   300,  /* (304) frame_opt ::= range_or_rows frame_bound_s frame_exclude_opt */
+   300,  /* (305) frame_opt ::= range_or_rows BETWEEN frame_bound_s AND frame_bound_e frame_exclude_opt */
+   304,  /* (306) range_or_rows ::= RANGE|ROWS|GROUPS */
+   306,  /* (307) frame_bound_s ::= frame_bound */
+   306,  /* (308) frame_bound_s ::= UNBOUNDED PRECEDING */
+   307,  /* (309) frame_bound_e ::= frame_bound */
+   307,  /* (310) frame_bound_e ::= UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING */
+   305,  /* (311) frame_bound ::= expr PRECEDING|FOLLOWING */
+   305,  /* (312) frame_bound ::= CURRENT ROW */
+   308,  /* (313) frame_exclude_opt ::= */
+   308,  /* (314) frame_exclude_opt ::= EXCLUDE frame_exclude */
+   309,  /* (315) frame_exclude ::= NO OTHERS */
+   309,  /* (316) frame_exclude ::= CURRENT ROW */
+   309,  /* (317) frame_exclude ::= GROUP|TIES */
+   246,  /* (318) window_clause ::= WINDOW windowdefn_list */
+   266,  /* (319) filter_over ::= filter_clause over_clause */
+   266,  /* (320) filter_over ::= over_clause */
+   266,  /* (321) filter_over ::= filter_clause */
+   303,  /* (322) over_clause ::= OVER LP window RP */
+   303,  /* (323) over_clause ::= OVER nm */
+   302,  /* (324) filter_clause ::= FILTER LP WHERE expr RP */
+   181,  /* (325) input ::= cmdlist */
+   182,  /* (326) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */
+   182,  /* (327) cmdlist ::= ecmd */
+   183,  /* (328) ecmd ::= SEMI */
+   183,  /* (329) ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI */
+   183,  /* (330) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI */
+   188,  /* (331) trans_opt ::= */
+   188,  /* (332) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */
+   188,  /* (333) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */
+   190,  /* (334) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */
+   190,  /* (335) savepoint_opt ::= */
+   186,  /* (336) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */
+   197,  /* (337) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */
+   197,  /* (338) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */
+   189,  /* (339) nm ::= ID|INDEXED */
+   189,  /* (340) nm ::= STRING */
+   189,  /* (341) nm ::= JOIN_KW */
+   203,  /* (342) typetoken ::= typename */
+   204,  /* (343) typename ::= ID|STRING */
+   205,  /* (344) signed ::= plus_num */
+   205,  /* (345) signed ::= minus_num */
+   202,  /* (346) carglist ::= carglist ccons */
+   202,  /* (347) carglist ::= */
+   210,  /* (348) ccons ::= NULL onconf */
+   210,  /* (349) ccons ::= GENERATED ALWAYS AS generated */
+   210,  /* (350) ccons ::= AS generated */
+   198,  /* (351) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */
+   223,  /* (352) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */
+   223,  /* (353) conslist ::= tcons */
+   224,  /* (354) tconscomma ::= */
+   228,  /* (355) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause */
+   230,  /* (356) resolvetype ::= raisetype */
+   234,  /* (357) selectnowith ::= oneselect */
+   235,  /* (358) oneselect ::= values */
+   249,  /* (359) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */
+   250,  /* (360) as ::= ID|STRING */
+   212,  /* (361) expr ::= term */
+   267,  /* (362) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+   257,  /* (363) exprlist ::= nexprlist */
+   277,  /* (364) nmnum ::= plus_num */
+   277,  /* (365) nmnum ::= nm */
+   277,  /* (366) nmnum ::= ON */
+   277,  /* (367) nmnum ::= DELETE */
+   277,  /* (368) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */
+   206,  /* (369) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */
+   282,  /* (370) foreach_clause ::= */
+   282,  /* (371) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */
+   285,  /* (372) trnm ::= nm */
+   286,  /* (373) tridxby ::= */
+   287,  /* (374) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */
+   287,  /* (375) database_kw_opt ::= */
+   290,  /* (376) kwcolumn_opt ::= */
+   290,  /* (377) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */
+   292,  /* (378) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */
+   292,  /* (379) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */
+   293,  /* (380) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */
+   296,  /* (381) anylist ::= */
+   296,  /* (382) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */
+   296,  /* (383) anylist ::= anylist ANY */
+   261,  /* (384) with ::= */
+};
+
+/* For rule J, yyRuleInfoNRhs[J] contains the negative of the number
+** of symbols on the right-hand side of that rule. */
+static const signed char yyRuleInfoNRhs[] = {
+   -1,  /* (0) explain ::= EXPLAIN */
+   -3,  /* (1) explain ::= EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
+   -1,  /* (2) cmdx ::= cmd */
+   -3,  /* (3) cmd ::= BEGIN transtype trans_opt */
+    0,  /* (4) transtype ::= */
+   -1,  /* (5) transtype ::= DEFERRED */
+   -1,  /* (6) transtype ::= IMMEDIATE */
+   -1,  /* (7) transtype ::= EXCLUSIVE */
+   -2,  /* (8) cmd ::= COMMIT|END trans_opt */
+   -2,  /* (9) cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt */
+   -2,  /* (10) cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm */
+   -3,  /* (11) cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm */
+   -5,  /* (12) cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm */
+   -6,  /* (13) create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm */
+   -1,  /* (14) createkw ::= CREATE */
+    0,  /* (15) ifnotexists ::= */
+   -3,  /* (16) ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS */
+   -1,  /* (17) temp ::= TEMP */
+    0,  /* (18) temp ::= */
+   -5,  /* (19) create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_options */
+   -2,  /* (20) create_table_args ::= AS select */
+    0,  /* (21) table_options ::= */
+   -2,  /* (22) table_options ::= WITHOUT nm */
+   -2,  /* (23) columnname ::= nm typetoken */
+    0,  /* (24) typetoken ::= */
+   -4,  /* (25) typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP */
+   -6,  /* (26) typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP */
+   -2,  /* (27) typename ::= typename ID|STRING */
+    0,  /* (28) scanpt ::= */
+    0,  /* (29) scantok ::= */
+   -2,  /* (30) ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
+   -3,  /* (31) ccons ::= DEFAULT scantok term */
+   -4,  /* (32) ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP */
+   -4,  /* (33) ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS scantok term */
+   -4,  /* (34) ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS scantok term */
+   -3,  /* (35) ccons ::= DEFAULT scantok ID|INDEXED */
+   -3,  /* (36) ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf */
+   -5,  /* (37) ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc */
+   -2,  /* (38) ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf */
+   -4,  /* (39) ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP */
+   -4,  /* (40) ccons ::= REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs */
+   -1,  /* (41) ccons ::= defer_subclause */
+   -2,  /* (42) ccons ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
+   -3,  /* (43) generated ::= LP expr RP */
+   -4,  /* (44) generated ::= LP expr RP ID */
+    0,  /* (45) autoinc ::= */
+   -1,  /* (46) autoinc ::= AUTOINCR */
+    0,  /* (47) refargs ::= */
+   -2,  /* (48) refargs ::= refargs refarg */
+   -2,  /* (49) refarg ::= MATCH nm */
+   -3,  /* (50) refarg ::= ON INSERT refact */
+   -3,  /* (51) refarg ::= ON DELETE refact */
+   -3,  /* (52) refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact */
+   -2,  /* (53) refact ::= SET NULL */
+   -2,  /* (54) refact ::= SET DEFAULT */
+   -1,  /* (55) refact ::= CASCADE */
+   -1,  /* (56) refact ::= RESTRICT */
+   -2,  /* (57) refact ::= NO ACTION */
+   -3,  /* (58) defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
+   -2,  /* (59) defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
+    0,  /* (60) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= */
+   -2,  /* (61) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED */
+   -2,  /* (62) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE */
+    0,  /* (63) conslist_opt ::= */
+   -1,  /* (64) tconscomma ::= COMMA */
+   -2,  /* (65) tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
+   -7,  /* (66) tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist autoinc RP onconf */
+   -5,  /* (67) tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist RP onconf */
+   -5,  /* (68) tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf */
+  -10,  /* (69) tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist RP REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt */
+    0,  /* (70) defer_subclause_opt ::= */
+    0,  /* (71) onconf ::= */
+   -3,  /* (72) onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype */
+    0,  /* (73) orconf ::= */
+   -2,  /* (74) orconf ::= OR resolvetype */
+   -1,  /* (75) resolvetype ::= IGNORE */
+   -1,  /* (76) resolvetype ::= REPLACE */
+   -4,  /* (77) cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname */
+   -2,  /* (78) ifexists ::= IF EXISTS */
+    0,  /* (79) ifexists ::= */
+   -9,  /* (80) cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm eidlist_opt AS select */
+   -4,  /* (81) cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname */
+   -1,  /* (82) cmd ::= select */
+   -3,  /* (83) select ::= WITH wqlist selectnowith */
+   -4,  /* (84) select ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist selectnowith */
+   -1,  /* (85) select ::= selectnowith */
+   -3,  /* (86) selectnowith ::= selectnowith multiselect_op oneselect */
+   -1,  /* (87) multiselect_op ::= UNION */
+   -2,  /* (88) multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL */
+   -1,  /* (89) multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT */
+   -9,  /* (90) oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt */
+  -10,  /* (91) oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt window_clause orderby_opt limit_opt */
+   -4,  /* (92) values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP */
+   -5,  /* (93) values ::= values COMMA LP nexprlist RP */
+   -1,  /* (94) distinct ::= DISTINCT */
+   -1,  /* (95) distinct ::= ALL */
+    0,  /* (96) distinct ::= */
+    0,  /* (97) sclp ::= */
+   -5,  /* (98) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as */
+   -3,  /* (99) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR */
+   -5,  /* (100) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR */
+   -2,  /* (101) as ::= AS nm */
+    0,  /* (102) as ::= */
+    0,  /* (103) from ::= */
+   -2,  /* (104) from ::= FROM seltablist */
+   -2,  /* (105) stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
+    0,  /* (106) stl_prefix ::= */
+   -7,  /* (107) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_opt on_opt using_opt */
+   -9,  /* (108) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_opt using_opt */
+   -7,  /* (109) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_opt using_opt */
+   -7,  /* (110) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_opt using_opt */
+    0,  /* (111) dbnm ::= */
+   -2,  /* (112) dbnm ::= DOT nm */
+   -1,  /* (113) fullname ::= nm */
+   -3,  /* (114) fullname ::= nm DOT nm */
+   -1,  /* (115) xfullname ::= nm */
+   -3,  /* (116) xfullname ::= nm DOT nm */
+   -5,  /* (117) xfullname ::= nm DOT nm AS nm */
+   -3,  /* (118) xfullname ::= nm AS nm */
+   -1,  /* (119) joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
+   -2,  /* (120) joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
+   -3,  /* (121) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
+   -4,  /* (122) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
+   -2,  /* (123) on_opt ::= ON expr */
+    0,  /* (124) on_opt ::= */
+    0,  /* (125) indexed_opt ::= */
+   -3,  /* (126) indexed_opt ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+   -2,  /* (127) indexed_opt ::= NOT INDEXED */
+   -4,  /* (128) using_opt ::= USING LP idlist RP */
+    0,  /* (129) using_opt ::= */
+    0,  /* (130) orderby_opt ::= */
+   -3,  /* (131) orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
+   -5,  /* (132) sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder nulls */
+   -3,  /* (133) sortlist ::= expr sortorder nulls */
+   -1,  /* (134) sortorder ::= ASC */
+   -1,  /* (135) sortorder ::= DESC */
+    0,  /* (136) sortorder ::= */
+   -2,  /* (137) nulls ::= NULLS FIRST */
+   -2,  /* (138) nulls ::= NULLS LAST */
+    0,  /* (139) nulls ::= */
+    0,  /* (140) groupby_opt ::= */
+   -3,  /* (141) groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */
+    0,  /* (142) having_opt ::= */
+   -2,  /* (143) having_opt ::= HAVING expr */
+    0,  /* (144) limit_opt ::= */
+   -2,  /* (145) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
+   -4,  /* (146) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
+   -4,  /* (147) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
+   -6,  /* (148) cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname indexed_opt where_opt */
+    0,  /* (149) where_opt ::= */
+   -2,  /* (150) where_opt ::= WHERE expr */
+   -9,  /* (151) cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf xfullname indexed_opt SET setlist from where_opt */
+   -5,  /* (152) setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
+   -7,  /* (153) setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+   -3,  /* (154) setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
+   -5,  /* (155) setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+   -7,  /* (156) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt select upsert */
+   -7,  /* (157) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES */
+    0,  /* (158) upsert ::= */
+  -11,  /* (159) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt */
+   -8,  /* (160) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO NOTHING */
+   -4,  /* (161) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING */
+   -2,  /* (162) insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */
+   -1,  /* (163) insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */
+    0,  /* (164) idlist_opt ::= */
+   -3,  /* (165) idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP */
+   -3,  /* (166) idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm */
+   -1,  /* (167) idlist ::= nm */
+   -3,  /* (168) expr ::= LP expr RP */
+   -1,  /* (169) expr ::= ID|INDEXED */
+   -1,  /* (170) expr ::= JOIN_KW */
+   -3,  /* (171) expr ::= nm DOT nm */
+   -5,  /* (172) expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
+   -1,  /* (173) term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB */
+   -1,  /* (174) term ::= STRING */
+   -1,  /* (175) term ::= INTEGER */
+   -1,  /* (176) expr ::= VARIABLE */
+   -3,  /* (177) expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
+   -6,  /* (178) expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
+   -5,  /* (179) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP */
+   -4,  /* (180) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP */
+   -6,  /* (181) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP filter_over */
+   -5,  /* (182) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP filter_over */
+   -1,  /* (183) term ::= CTIME_KW */
+   -5,  /* (184) expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
+   -3,  /* (185) expr ::= expr AND expr */
+   -3,  /* (186) expr ::= expr OR expr */
+   -3,  /* (187) expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */
+   -3,  /* (188) expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */
+   -3,  /* (189) expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */
+   -3,  /* (190) expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */
+   -3,  /* (191) expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */
+   -3,  /* (192) expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */
+   -2,  /* (193) likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+   -3,  /* (194) expr ::= expr likeop expr */
+   -5,  /* (195) expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
+   -2,  /* (196) expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
+   -3,  /* (197) expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
+   -3,  /* (198) expr ::= expr IS expr */
+   -4,  /* (199) expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
+   -2,  /* (200) expr ::= NOT expr */
+   -2,  /* (201) expr ::= BITNOT expr */
+   -2,  /* (202) expr ::= PLUS|MINUS expr */
+   -1,  /* (203) between_op ::= BETWEEN */
+   -2,  /* (204) between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */
+   -5,  /* (205) expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
+   -1,  /* (206) in_op ::= IN */
+   -2,  /* (207) in_op ::= NOT IN */
+   -5,  /* (208) expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
+   -3,  /* (209) expr ::= LP select RP */
+   -5,  /* (210) expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
+   -5,  /* (211) expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
+   -4,  /* (212) expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
+   -5,  /* (213) expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
+   -5,  /* (214) case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
+   -4,  /* (215) case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
+   -2,  /* (216) case_else ::= ELSE expr */
+    0,  /* (217) case_else ::= */
+   -1,  /* (218) case_operand ::= expr */
+    0,  /* (219) case_operand ::= */
+    0,  /* (220) exprlist ::= */
+   -3,  /* (221) nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
+   -1,  /* (222) nexprlist ::= expr */
+    0,  /* (223) paren_exprlist ::= */
+   -3,  /* (224) paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
+  -12,  /* (225) cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
+   -1,  /* (226) uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
+    0,  /* (227) uniqueflag ::= */
+    0,  /* (228) eidlist_opt ::= */
+   -3,  /* (229) eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */
+   -5,  /* (230) eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
+   -3,  /* (231) eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
+    0,  /* (232) collate ::= */
+   -2,  /* (233) collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
+   -4,  /* (234) cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
+   -2,  /* (235) cmd ::= VACUUM vinto */
+   -3,  /* (236) cmd ::= VACUUM nm vinto */
+   -2,  /* (237) vinto ::= INTO expr */
+    0,  /* (238) vinto ::= */
+   -3,  /* (239) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
+   -5,  /* (240) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
+   -6,  /* (241) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
+   -5,  /* (242) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
+   -6,  /* (243) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
+   -2,  /* (244) plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
+   -2,  /* (245) minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
+   -5,  /* (246) cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
+  -11,  /* (247) trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
+   -1,  /* (248) trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER */
+   -2,  /* (249) trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
+    0,  /* (250) trigger_time ::= */
+   -1,  /* (251) trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
+   -1,  /* (252) trigger_event ::= UPDATE */
+   -3,  /* (253) trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
+    0,  /* (254) when_clause ::= */
+   -2,  /* (255) when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
+   -3,  /* (256) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
+   -2,  /* (257) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
+   -3,  /* (258) trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
+   -3,  /* (259) tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+   -2,  /* (260) tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
+   -9,  /* (261) trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist from where_opt scanpt */
+   -8,  /* (262) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select upsert scanpt */
+   -6,  /* (263) trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt */
+   -3,  /* (264) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt */
+   -4,  /* (265) expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
+   -6,  /* (266) expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
+   -1,  /* (267) raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
+   -1,  /* (268) raisetype ::= ABORT */
+   -1,  /* (269) raisetype ::= FAIL */
+   -4,  /* (270) cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
+   -6,  /* (271) cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
+   -3,  /* (272) cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
+    0,  /* (273) key_opt ::= */
+   -2,  /* (274) key_opt ::= KEY expr */
+   -1,  /* (275) cmd ::= REINDEX */
+   -3,  /* (276) cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
+   -1,  /* (277) cmd ::= ANALYZE */
+   -3,  /* (278) cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
+   -6,  /* (279) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
+   -7,  /* (280) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
+   -1,  /* (281) add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
+   -8,  /* (282) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm TO nm */
+   -1,  /* (283) cmd ::= create_vtab */
+   -4,  /* (284) cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
+   -8,  /* (285) create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
+    0,  /* (286) vtabarg ::= */
+   -1,  /* (287) vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
+   -3,  /* (288) vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */
+   -1,  /* (289) lp ::= LP */
+   -2,  /* (290) with ::= WITH wqlist */
+   -3,  /* (291) with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */
+   -6,  /* (292) wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
+   -8,  /* (293) wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
+   -1,  /* (294) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn */
+   -3,  /* (295) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn_list COMMA windowdefn */
+   -5,  /* (296) windowdefn ::= nm AS LP window RP */
+   -5,  /* (297) window ::= PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
+   -6,  /* (298) window ::= nm PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
+   -4,  /* (299) window ::= ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
+   -5,  /* (300) window ::= nm ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
+   -1,  /* (301) window ::= frame_opt */
+   -2,  /* (302) window ::= nm frame_opt */
+    0,  /* (303) frame_opt ::= */
+   -3,  /* (304) frame_opt ::= range_or_rows frame_bound_s frame_exclude_opt */
+   -6,  /* (305) frame_opt ::= range_or_rows BETWEEN frame_bound_s AND frame_bound_e frame_exclude_opt */
+   -1,  /* (306) range_or_rows ::= RANGE|ROWS|GROUPS */
+   -1,  /* (307) frame_bound_s ::= frame_bound */
+   -2,  /* (308) frame_bound_s ::= UNBOUNDED PRECEDING */
+   -1,  /* (309) frame_bound_e ::= frame_bound */
+   -2,  /* (310) frame_bound_e ::= UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING */
+   -2,  /* (311) frame_bound ::= expr PRECEDING|FOLLOWING */
+   -2,  /* (312) frame_bound ::= CURRENT ROW */
+    0,  /* (313) frame_exclude_opt ::= */
+   -2,  /* (314) frame_exclude_opt ::= EXCLUDE frame_exclude */
+   -2,  /* (315) frame_exclude ::= NO OTHERS */
+   -2,  /* (316) frame_exclude ::= CURRENT ROW */
+   -1,  /* (317) frame_exclude ::= GROUP|TIES */
+   -2,  /* (318) window_clause ::= WINDOW windowdefn_list */
+   -2,  /* (319) filter_over ::= filter_clause over_clause */
+   -1,  /* (320) filter_over ::= over_clause */
+   -1,  /* (321) filter_over ::= filter_clause */
+   -4,  /* (322) over_clause ::= OVER LP window RP */
+   -2,  /* (323) over_clause ::= OVER nm */
+   -5,  /* (324) filter_clause ::= FILTER LP WHERE expr RP */
+   -1,  /* (325) input ::= cmdlist */
+   -2,  /* (326) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */
+   -1,  /* (327) cmdlist ::= ecmd */
+   -1,  /* (328) ecmd ::= SEMI */
+   -2,  /* (329) ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI */
+   -3,  /* (330) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI */
+    0,  /* (331) trans_opt ::= */
+   -1,  /* (332) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */
+   -2,  /* (333) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */
+   -1,  /* (334) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */
+    0,  /* (335) savepoint_opt ::= */
+   -2,  /* (336) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */
+   -4,  /* (337) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */
+   -2,  /* (338) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */
+   -1,  /* (339) nm ::= ID|INDEXED */
+   -1,  /* (340) nm ::= STRING */
+   -1,  /* (341) nm ::= JOIN_KW */
+   -1,  /* (342) typetoken ::= typename */
+   -1,  /* (343) typename ::= ID|STRING */
+   -1,  /* (344) signed ::= plus_num */
+   -1,  /* (345) signed ::= minus_num */
+   -2,  /* (346) carglist ::= carglist ccons */
+    0,  /* (347) carglist ::= */
+   -2,  /* (348) ccons ::= NULL onconf */
+   -4,  /* (349) ccons ::= GENERATED ALWAYS AS generated */
+   -2,  /* (350) ccons ::= AS generated */
+   -2,  /* (351) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */
+   -3,  /* (352) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */
+   -1,  /* (353) conslist ::= tcons */
+    0,  /* (354) tconscomma ::= */
+   -1,  /* (355) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause */
+   -1,  /* (356) resolvetype ::= raisetype */
+   -1,  /* (357) selectnowith ::= oneselect */
+   -1,  /* (358) oneselect ::= values */
+   -2,  /* (359) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */
+   -1,  /* (360) as ::= ID|STRING */
+   -1,  /* (361) expr ::= term */
+   -1,  /* (362) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+   -1,  /* (363) exprlist ::= nexprlist */
+   -1,  /* (364) nmnum ::= plus_num */
+   -1,  /* (365) nmnum ::= nm */
+   -1,  /* (366) nmnum ::= ON */
+   -1,  /* (367) nmnum ::= DELETE */
+   -1,  /* (368) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */
+   -1,  /* (369) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */
+    0,  /* (370) foreach_clause ::= */
+   -3,  /* (371) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */
+   -1,  /* (372) trnm ::= nm */
+    0,  /* (373) tridxby ::= */
+   -1,  /* (374) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */
+    0,  /* (375) database_kw_opt ::= */
+    0,  /* (376) kwcolumn_opt ::= */
+   -1,  /* (377) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */
+   -1,  /* (378) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */
+   -3,  /* (379) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */
+   -2,  /* (380) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */
+    0,  /* (381) anylist ::= */
+   -4,  /* (382) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */
+   -2,  /* (383) anylist ::= anylist ANY */
+    0,  /* (384) with ::= */
 };
 
 static void yy_accept(yyParser*);  /* Forward Declaration */
@@ -148585,16 +158281,20 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
   (void)yyLookahead;
   (void)yyLookaheadToken;
   yymsp = yypParser->yytos;
+  assert( yyruleno<(int)(sizeof(yyRuleName)/sizeof(yyRuleName[0])) );
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-  if( yyTraceFILE && yyruleno<(int)(sizeof(yyRuleName)/sizeof(yyRuleName[0])) ){
-    yysize = yyRuleInfo[yyruleno].nrhs;
+  if( yyTraceFILE ){
+    yysize = yyRuleInfoNRhs[yyruleno];
     if( yysize ){
-      fprintf(yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s], go to state %d.\n",
+      fprintf(yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s]%s, pop back to state %d.\n",
         yyTracePrompt,
-        yyruleno, yyRuleName[yyruleno], yymsp[yysize].stateno);
+        yyruleno, yyRuleName[yyruleno],
+        yyruleno<YYNRULE_WITH_ACTION ? "" : " without external action",
+        yymsp[yysize].stateno);
     }else{
-      fprintf(yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s].\n",
-        yyTracePrompt, yyruleno, yyRuleName[yyruleno]);
+      fprintf(yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s]%s.\n",
+        yyTracePrompt, yyruleno, yyRuleName[yyruleno],
+        yyruleno<YYNRULE_WITH_ACTION ? "" : " without external action");
     }
   }
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
@@ -148602,14 +158302,14 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
   /* Check that the stack is large enough to grow by a single entry
   ** if the RHS of the rule is empty.  This ensures that there is room
   ** enough on the stack to push the LHS value */
-  if( yyRuleInfo[yyruleno].nrhs==0 ){
+  if( yyRuleInfoNRhs[yyruleno]==0 ){
 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
     if( (int)(yypParser->yytos - yypParser->yystack)>yypParser->yyhwm ){
       yypParser->yyhwm++;
       assert( yypParser->yyhwm == (int)(yypParser->yytos - yypParser->yystack));
     }
 #endif
-#if YYSTACKDEPTH>0 
+#if YYSTACKDEPTH>0
     if( yypParser->yytos>=yypParser->yystackEnd ){
       yyStackOverflow(yypParser);
       /* The call to yyStackOverflow() above pops the stack until it is
@@ -148652,15 +158352,16 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
 { sqlite3FinishCoding(pParse); }
         break;
       case 3: /* cmd ::= BEGIN transtype trans_opt */
-{sqlite3BeginTransaction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy70);}
+{sqlite3BeginTransaction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy192);}
         break;
       case 4: /* transtype ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy70 = TK_DEFERRED;}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy192 = TK_DEFERRED;}
         break;
       case 5: /* transtype ::= DEFERRED */
       case 6: /* transtype ::= IMMEDIATE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==6);
       case 7: /* transtype ::= EXCLUSIVE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==7);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 306: /* range_or_rows ::= RANGE|ROWS|GROUPS */ yytestcase(yyruleno==306);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
       case 8: /* cmd ::= COMMIT|END trans_opt */
       case 9: /* cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt */ yytestcase(yyruleno==9);
@@ -148683,7 +158384,7 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
         break;
       case 13: /* create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm */
 {
-   sqlite3StartTable(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy70,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy70);
+   sqlite3StartTable(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy192,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy192);
 }
         break;
       case 14: /* createkw ::= CREATE */
@@ -148692,38 +158393,38 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
       case 15: /* ifnotexists ::= */
       case 18: /* temp ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==18);
       case 21: /* table_options ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==21);
-      case 42: /* autoinc ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==42);
-      case 57: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==57);
-      case 67: /* defer_subclause_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==67);
-      case 76: /* ifexists ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==76);
-      case 93: /* distinct ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==93);
-      case 226: /* collate ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==226);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy70 = 0;}
+      case 45: /* autoinc ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==45);
+      case 60: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==60);
+      case 70: /* defer_subclause_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==70);
+      case 79: /* ifexists ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==79);
+      case 96: /* distinct ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==96);
+      case 232: /* collate ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==232);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy192 = 0;}
         break;
       case 16: /* ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy70 = 1;}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy192 = 1;}
         break;
       case 17: /* temp ::= TEMP */
-      case 43: /* autoinc ::= AUTOINCR */ yytestcase(yyruleno==43);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = 1;}
+      case 46: /* autoinc ::= AUTOINCR */ yytestcase(yyruleno==46);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = 1;}
         break;
       case 19: /* create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_options */
 {
-  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,yymsp[0].minor.yy70,0);
+  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,yymsp[0].minor.yy192,0);
 }
         break;
       case 20: /* create_table_args ::= AS select */
 {
-  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy489);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy489);
+  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy539);
+  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy539);
 }
         break;
       case 22: /* table_options ::= WITHOUT nm */
 {
   if( yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n==5 && sqlite3_strnicmp(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z,"rowid",5)==0 ){
-    yymsp[-1].minor.yy70 = TF_WithoutRowid | TF_NoVisibleRowid;
+    yymsp[-1].minor.yy192 = TF_WithoutRowid | TF_NoVisibleRowid;
   }else{
-    yymsp[-1].minor.yy70 = 0;
+    yymsp[-1].minor.yy192 = 0;
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown table option: %.*s", yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n, yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z);
   }
 }
@@ -148732,8 +158433,8 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
 {sqlite3AddColumn(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 24: /* typetoken ::= */
-      case 60: /* conslist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==60);
-      case 99: /* as ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==99);
+      case 63: /* conslist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==63);
+      case 102: /* as ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==102);
 {yymsp[1].minor.yy0.n = 0; yymsp[1].minor.yy0.z = 0;}
         break;
       case 25: /* typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP */
@@ -148752,29 +158453,35 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
       case 28: /* scanpt ::= */
 {
   assert( yyLookahead!=YYNOCODE );
-  yymsp[1].minor.yy392 = yyLookaheadToken.z;
+  yymsp[1].minor.yy436 = yyLookaheadToken.z;
+}
+        break;
+      case 29: /* scantok ::= */
+{
+  assert( yyLookahead!=YYNOCODE );
+  yymsp[1].minor.yy0 = yyLookaheadToken;
 }
         break;
-      case 29: /* ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
-      case 62: /* tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==62);
+      case 30: /* ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
+      case 65: /* tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==65);
 {pParse->constraintName = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;}
         break;
-      case 30: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt term scanpt */
-{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy18,yymsp[-2].minor.yy392,yymsp[0].minor.yy392);}
+      case 31: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT scantok term */
+{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy202,yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n]);}
         break;
-      case 31: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP */
-{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy18,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z+1,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z);}
+      case 32: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP */
+{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy202,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z+1,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z);}
         break;
-      case 32: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term scanpt */
-{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy18,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z,yymsp[0].minor.yy392);}
+      case 33: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS scantok term */
+{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy202,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n]);}
         break;
-      case 33: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS term scanpt */
+      case 34: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS scantok term */
 {
-  Expr *p = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UMINUS, yymsp[-1].minor.yy18, 0);
-  sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,p,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z,yymsp[0].minor.yy392);
+  Expr *p = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UMINUS, yymsp[0].minor.yy202, 0);
+  sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,p,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n]);
 }
         break;
-      case 34: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt ID|INDEXED */
+      case 35: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT scantok ID|INDEXED */
 {
   Expr *p = tokenExpr(pParse, TK_STRING, yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
   if( p ){
@@ -148784,171 +158491,177 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
     sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,p,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z+yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n);
 }
         break;
-      case 35: /* ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf */
-{sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy70);}
+      case 36: /* ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf */
+{sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy192);}
         break;
-      case 36: /* ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc */
-{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy70,yymsp[0].minor.yy70,yymsp[-2].minor.yy70);}
+      case 37: /* ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc */
+{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy192,yymsp[0].minor.yy192,yymsp[-2].minor.yy192);}
         break;
-      case 37: /* ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf */
-{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy70,0,0,0,0,
+      case 38: /* ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf */
+{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy192,0,0,0,0,
                                    SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE);}
         break;
-      case 38: /* ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP */
-{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy18);}
+      case 39: /* ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP */
+{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy202,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z);}
         break;
-      case 39: /* ccons ::= REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs */
-{sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy420,yymsp[0].minor.yy70);}
+      case 40: /* ccons ::= REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs */
+{sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy242,yymsp[0].minor.yy192);}
         break;
-      case 40: /* ccons ::= defer_subclause */
-{sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy70);}
+      case 41: /* ccons ::= defer_subclause */
+{sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy192);}
         break;
-      case 41: /* ccons ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
+      case 42: /* ccons ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
 {sqlite3AddCollateType(pParse, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 44: /* refargs ::= */
-{ yymsp[1].minor.yy70 = OE_None*0x0101; /* EV: R-19803-45884 */}
+      case 43: /* generated ::= LP expr RP */
+{sqlite3AddGenerated(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy202,0);}
+        break;
+      case 44: /* generated ::= LP expr RP ID */
+{sqlite3AddGenerated(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy202,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
+        break;
+      case 47: /* refargs ::= */
+{ yymsp[1].minor.yy192 = OE_None*0x0101; /* EV: R-19803-45884 */}
         break;
-      case 45: /* refargs ::= refargs refarg */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy70 = (yymsp[-1].minor.yy70 & ~yymsp[0].minor.yy111.mask) | yymsp[0].minor.yy111.value; }
+      case 48: /* refargs ::= refargs refarg */
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy192 = (yymsp[-1].minor.yy192 & ~yymsp[0].minor.yy207.mask) | yymsp[0].minor.yy207.value; }
         break;
-      case 46: /* refarg ::= MATCH nm */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy111.value = 0;     yymsp[-1].minor.yy111.mask = 0x000000; }
+      case 49: /* refarg ::= MATCH nm */
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy207.value = 0;     yymsp[-1].minor.yy207.mask = 0x000000; }
         break;
-      case 47: /* refarg ::= ON INSERT refact */
-{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy111.value = 0;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy111.mask = 0x000000; }
+      case 50: /* refarg ::= ON INSERT refact */
+{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy207.value = 0;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy207.mask = 0x000000; }
         break;
-      case 48: /* refarg ::= ON DELETE refact */
-{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy111.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy70;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy111.mask = 0x0000ff; }
+      case 51: /* refarg ::= ON DELETE refact */
+{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy207.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy192;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy207.mask = 0x0000ff; }
         break;
-      case 49: /* refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact */
-{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy111.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy70<<8;  yymsp[-2].minor.yy111.mask = 0x00ff00; }
+      case 52: /* refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact */
+{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy207.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy192<<8;  yymsp[-2].minor.yy207.mask = 0x00ff00; }
         break;
-      case 50: /* refact ::= SET NULL */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy70 = OE_SetNull;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+      case 53: /* refact ::= SET NULL */
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy192 = OE_SetNull;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
-      case 51: /* refact ::= SET DEFAULT */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy70 = OE_SetDflt;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+      case 54: /* refact ::= SET DEFAULT */
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy192 = OE_SetDflt;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
-      case 52: /* refact ::= CASCADE */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = OE_Cascade;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+      case 55: /* refact ::= CASCADE */
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = OE_Cascade;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
-      case 53: /* refact ::= RESTRICT */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = OE_Restrict; /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+      case 56: /* refact ::= RESTRICT */
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = OE_Restrict; /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
-      case 54: /* refact ::= NO ACTION */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy70 = OE_None;     /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+      case 57: /* refact ::= NO ACTION */
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy192 = OE_None;     /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
-      case 55: /* defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy70 = 0;}
+      case 58: /* defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy192 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 56: /* defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
-      case 71: /* orconf ::= OR resolvetype */ yytestcase(yyruleno==71);
-      case 156: /* insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */ yytestcase(yyruleno==156);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy70 = yymsp[0].minor.yy70;}
+      case 59: /* defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
+      case 74: /* orconf ::= OR resolvetype */ yytestcase(yyruleno==74);
+      case 162: /* insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */ yytestcase(yyruleno==162);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy192 = yymsp[0].minor.yy192;}
         break;
-      case 58: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED */
-      case 75: /* ifexists ::= IF EXISTS */ yytestcase(yyruleno==75);
-      case 198: /* between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==198);
-      case 201: /* in_op ::= NOT IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==201);
-      case 227: /* collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==227);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy70 = 1;}
+      case 61: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED */
+      case 78: /* ifexists ::= IF EXISTS */ yytestcase(yyruleno==78);
+      case 204: /* between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==204);
+      case 207: /* in_op ::= NOT IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==207);
+      case 233: /* collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==233);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy192 = 1;}
         break;
-      case 59: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy70 = 0;}
+      case 62: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy192 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 61: /* tconscomma ::= COMMA */
+      case 64: /* tconscomma ::= COMMA */
 {pParse->constraintName.n = 0;}
         break;
-      case 63: /* tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist autoinc RP onconf */
-{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy420,yymsp[0].minor.yy70,yymsp[-2].minor.yy70,0);}
+      case 66: /* tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist autoinc RP onconf */
+{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy242,yymsp[0].minor.yy192,yymsp[-2].minor.yy192,0);}
         break;
-      case 64: /* tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist RP onconf */
-{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy420,yymsp[0].minor.yy70,0,0,0,0,
+      case 67: /* tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist RP onconf */
+{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy242,yymsp[0].minor.yy192,0,0,0,0,
                                        SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE);}
         break;
-      case 65: /* tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf */
-{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy18);}
+      case 68: /* tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf */
+{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy202,yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z,yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z);}
         break;
-      case 66: /* tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist RP REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt */
+      case 69: /* tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist RP REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt */
 {
-    sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy420, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy420, yymsp[-1].minor.yy70);
-    sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy70);
+    sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy242, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy242, yymsp[-1].minor.yy192);
+    sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy192);
 }
         break;
-      case 68: /* onconf ::= */
-      case 70: /* orconf ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==70);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy70 = OE_Default;}
+      case 71: /* onconf ::= */
+      case 73: /* orconf ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==73);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy192 = OE_Default;}
         break;
-      case 69: /* onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy70 = yymsp[0].minor.yy70;}
+      case 72: /* onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy192 = yymsp[0].minor.yy192;}
         break;
-      case 72: /* resolvetype ::= IGNORE */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = OE_Ignore;}
+      case 75: /* resolvetype ::= IGNORE */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = OE_Ignore;}
         break;
-      case 73: /* resolvetype ::= REPLACE */
-      case 157: /* insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==157);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = OE_Replace;}
+      case 76: /* resolvetype ::= REPLACE */
+      case 163: /* insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==163);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = OE_Replace;}
         break;
-      case 74: /* cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname */
+      case 77: /* cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname */
 {
-  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy135, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy70);
+  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy47, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy192);
 }
         break;
-      case 77: /* cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm eidlist_opt AS select */
+      case 80: /* cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm eidlist_opt AS select */
 {
-  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &yymsp[-8].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy420, yymsp[0].minor.yy489, yymsp[-7].minor.yy70, yymsp[-5].minor.yy70);
+  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &yymsp[-8].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy242, yymsp[0].minor.yy539, yymsp[-7].minor.yy192, yymsp[-5].minor.yy192);
 }
         break;
-      case 78: /* cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname */
+      case 81: /* cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname */
 {
-  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy135, 1, yymsp[-1].minor.yy70);
+  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy47, 1, yymsp[-1].minor.yy192);
 }
         break;
-      case 79: /* cmd ::= select */
+      case 82: /* cmd ::= select */
 {
-  SelectDest dest = {SRT_Output, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-  sqlite3Select(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy489, &dest);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy489);
+  SelectDest dest = {SRT_Output, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  sqlite3Select(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy539, &dest);
+  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy539);
 }
         break;
-      case 80: /* select ::= WITH wqlist selectnowith */
+      case 83: /* select ::= WITH wqlist selectnowith */
 {
-  Select *p = yymsp[0].minor.yy489;
+  Select *p = yymsp[0].minor.yy539;
   if( p ){
-    p->pWith = yymsp[-1].minor.yy449;
+    p->pWith = yymsp[-1].minor.yy131;
     parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, p);
   }else{
-    sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy449);
+    sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy131);
   }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy489 = p;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy539 = p;
 }
         break;
-      case 81: /* select ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist selectnowith */
+      case 84: /* select ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist selectnowith */
 {
-  Select *p = yymsp[0].minor.yy489;
+  Select *p = yymsp[0].minor.yy539;
   if( p ){
-    p->pWith = yymsp[-1].minor.yy449;
+    p->pWith = yymsp[-1].minor.yy131;
     parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, p);
   }else{
-    sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy449);
+    sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy131);
   }
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy489 = p;
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy539 = p;
 }
         break;
-      case 82: /* select ::= selectnowith */
+      case 85: /* select ::= selectnowith */
 {
-  Select *p = yymsp[0].minor.yy489;
+  Select *p = yymsp[0].minor.yy539;
   if( p ){
     parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, p);
   }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy489 = p; /*A-overwrites-X*/
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy539 = p; /*A-overwrites-X*/
 }
         break;
-      case 83: /* selectnowith ::= selectnowith multiselect_op oneselect */
+      case 86: /* selectnowith ::= selectnowith multiselect_op oneselect */
 {
-  Select *pRhs = yymsp[0].minor.yy489;
-  Select *pLhs = yymsp[-2].minor.yy489;
+  Select *pRhs = yymsp[0].minor.yy539;
+  Select *pLhs = yymsp[-2].minor.yy539;
   if( pRhs && pRhs->pPrior ){
     SrcList *pFrom;
     Token x;
@@ -148958,341 +158671,355 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
     pRhs = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,pFrom,0,0,0,0,0,0);
   }
   if( pRhs ){
-    pRhs->op = (u8)yymsp[-1].minor.yy70;
+    pRhs->op = (u8)yymsp[-1].minor.yy192;
     pRhs->pPrior = pLhs;
     if( ALWAYS(pLhs) ) pLhs->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
     pRhs->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
-    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy70!=TK_ALL ) pParse->hasCompound = 1;
+    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy192!=TK_ALL ) pParse->hasCompound = 1;
   }else{
     sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, pLhs);
   }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy489 = pRhs;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy539 = pRhs;
 }
         break;
-      case 84: /* multiselect_op ::= UNION */
-      case 86: /* multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==86);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-OP*/}
+      case 87: /* multiselect_op ::= UNION */
+      case 89: /* multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==89);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-OP*/}
         break;
-      case 85: /* multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy70 = TK_ALL;}
+      case 88: /* multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy192 = TK_ALL;}
         break;
-      case 87: /* oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt */
+      case 90: /* oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt */
 {
-  yymsp[-8].minor.yy489 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy420,yymsp[-5].minor.yy135,yymsp[-4].minor.yy18,yymsp[-3].minor.yy420,yymsp[-2].minor.yy18,yymsp[-1].minor.yy420,yymsp[-7].minor.yy70,yymsp[0].minor.yy18);
+  yymsp[-8].minor.yy539 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy242,yymsp[-5].minor.yy47,yymsp[-4].minor.yy202,yymsp[-3].minor.yy242,yymsp[-2].minor.yy202,yymsp[-1].minor.yy242,yymsp[-7].minor.yy192,yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
 }
         break;
-      case 88: /* oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt window_clause orderby_opt limit_opt */
+      case 91: /* oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt window_clause orderby_opt limit_opt */
 {
-  yymsp[-9].minor.yy489 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-7].minor.yy420,yymsp[-6].minor.yy135,yymsp[-5].minor.yy18,yymsp[-4].minor.yy420,yymsp[-3].minor.yy18,yymsp[-1].minor.yy420,yymsp[-8].minor.yy70,yymsp[0].minor.yy18);
-  if( yymsp[-9].minor.yy489 ){
-    yymsp[-9].minor.yy489->pWinDefn = yymsp[-2].minor.yy327;
+  yymsp[-9].minor.yy539 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-7].minor.yy242,yymsp[-6].minor.yy47,yymsp[-5].minor.yy202,yymsp[-4].minor.yy242,yymsp[-3].minor.yy202,yymsp[-1].minor.yy242,yymsp[-8].minor.yy192,yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
+  if( yymsp[-9].minor.yy539 ){
+    yymsp[-9].minor.yy539->pWinDefn = yymsp[-2].minor.yy303;
   }else{
-    sqlite3WindowListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy327);
+    sqlite3WindowListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy303);
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 89: /* values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP */
+      case 92: /* values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy489 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy420,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values,0);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy539 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy242,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values,0);
 }
         break;
-      case 90: /* values ::= values COMMA LP nexprlist RP */
+      case 93: /* values ::= values COMMA LP nexprlist RP */
 {
-  Select *pRight, *pLeft = yymsp[-4].minor.yy489;
-  pRight = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy420,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values|SF_MultiValue,0);
+  Select *pRight, *pLeft = yymsp[-4].minor.yy539;
+  pRight = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy242,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values|SF_MultiValue,0);
   if( ALWAYS(pLeft) ) pLeft->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
   if( pRight ){
     pRight->op = TK_ALL;
     pRight->pPrior = pLeft;
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy489 = pRight;
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy539 = pRight;
   }else{
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy489 = pLeft;
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy539 = pLeft;
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 91: /* distinct ::= DISTINCT */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = SF_Distinct;}
+      case 94: /* distinct ::= DISTINCT */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = SF_Distinct;}
         break;
-      case 92: /* distinct ::= ALL */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = SF_All;}
+      case 95: /* distinct ::= ALL */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = SF_All;}
         break;
-      case 94: /* sclp ::= */
-      case 127: /* orderby_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==127);
-      case 134: /* groupby_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==134);
-      case 214: /* exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==214);
-      case 217: /* paren_exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==217);
-      case 222: /* eidlist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==222);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy420 = 0;}
+      case 97: /* sclp ::= */
+      case 130: /* orderby_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==130);
+      case 140: /* groupby_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==140);
+      case 220: /* exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==220);
+      case 223: /* paren_exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==223);
+      case 228: /* eidlist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==228);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy242 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 95: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as */
+      case 98: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as */
 {
-   yymsp[-4].minor.yy420 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy420, yymsp[-2].minor.yy18);
-   if( yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n>0 ) sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy420, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
-   sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy420,yymsp[-3].minor.yy392,yymsp[-1].minor.yy392);
+   yymsp[-4].minor.yy242 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy242, yymsp[-2].minor.yy202);
+   if( yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n>0 ) sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy242, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
+   sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy242,yymsp[-3].minor.yy436,yymsp[-1].minor.yy436);
 }
         break;
-      case 96: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR */
+      case 99: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR */
 {
   Expr *p = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_ASTERISK, 0);
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy420 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy420, p);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy242 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy242, p);
 }
         break;
-      case 97: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR */
+      case 100: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR */
 {
   Expr *pRight = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ASTERISK, 0, 0);
   Expr *pLeft = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
   Expr *pDot = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, pLeft, pRight);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy420 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy420, pDot);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy242 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy242, pDot);
 }
         break;
-      case 98: /* as ::= AS nm */
-      case 109: /* dbnm ::= DOT nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==109);
-      case 236: /* plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==236);
-      case 237: /* minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==237);
+      case 101: /* as ::= AS nm */
+      case 112: /* dbnm ::= DOT nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==112);
+      case 244: /* plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==244);
+      case 245: /* minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==245);
 {yymsp[-1].minor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;}
         break;
-      case 100: /* from ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy135 = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(*yymsp[1].minor.yy135));}
+      case 103: /* from ::= */
+      case 106: /* stl_prefix ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==106);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy47 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 101: /* from ::= FROM seltablist */
+      case 104: /* from ::= FROM seltablist */
 {
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy135 = yymsp[0].minor.yy135;
-  sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(yymsp[-1].minor.yy135);
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy47 = yymsp[0].minor.yy47;
+  sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(yymsp[-1].minor.yy47);
 }
         break;
-      case 102: /* stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
+      case 105: /* stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
 {
-   if( ALWAYS(yymsp[-1].minor.yy135 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy135->nSrc>0) ) yymsp[-1].minor.yy135->a[yymsp[-1].minor.yy135->nSrc-1].fg.jointype = (u8)yymsp[0].minor.yy70;
+   if( ALWAYS(yymsp[-1].minor.yy47 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy47->nSrc>0) ) yymsp[-1].minor.yy47->a[yymsp[-1].minor.yy47->nSrc-1].fg.jointype = (u8)yymsp[0].minor.yy192;
 }
         break;
-      case 103: /* stl_prefix ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy135 = 0;}
-        break;
-      case 104: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_opt on_opt using_opt */
+      case 107: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_opt on_opt using_opt */
 {
-  yymsp[-6].minor.yy135 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy135,&yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy18,yymsp[0].minor.yy48);
-  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy135, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
+  yymsp[-6].minor.yy47 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy47,&yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy202,yymsp[0].minor.yy600);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy47, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 105: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_opt using_opt */
+      case 108: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_opt using_opt */
 {
-  yymsp[-8].minor.yy135 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-8].minor.yy135,&yymsp[-7].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-6].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy18,yymsp[0].minor.yy48);
-  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, yymsp[-8].minor.yy135, yymsp[-4].minor.yy420);
+  yymsp[-8].minor.yy47 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-8].minor.yy47,&yymsp[-7].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-6].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy202,yymsp[0].minor.yy600);
+  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, yymsp[-8].minor.yy47, yymsp[-4].minor.yy242);
 }
         break;
-      case 106: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_opt using_opt */
+      case 109: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_opt using_opt */
 {
-    yymsp[-6].minor.yy135 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy135,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy489,yymsp[-1].minor.yy18,yymsp[0].minor.yy48);
+    yymsp[-6].minor.yy47 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy47,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy539,yymsp[-1].minor.yy202,yymsp[0].minor.yy600);
   }
         break;
-      case 107: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_opt using_opt */
+      case 110: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_opt using_opt */
 {
-    if( yymsp[-6].minor.yy135==0 && yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.n==0 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy18==0 && yymsp[0].minor.yy48==0 ){
-      yymsp[-6].minor.yy135 = yymsp[-4].minor.yy135;
-    }else if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy135->nSrc==1 ){
-      yymsp[-6].minor.yy135 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy135,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy18,yymsp[0].minor.yy48);
-      if( yymsp[-6].minor.yy135 ){
-        struct SrcList_item *pNew = &yymsp[-6].minor.yy135->a[yymsp[-6].minor.yy135->nSrc-1];
-        struct SrcList_item *pOld = yymsp[-4].minor.yy135->a;
+    if( yymsp[-6].minor.yy47==0 && yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.n==0 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy202==0 && yymsp[0].minor.yy600==0 ){
+      yymsp[-6].minor.yy47 = yymsp[-4].minor.yy47;
+    }else if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy47->nSrc==1 ){
+      yymsp[-6].minor.yy47 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy47,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy202,yymsp[0].minor.yy600);
+      if( yymsp[-6].minor.yy47 ){
+        struct SrcList_item *pNew = &yymsp[-6].minor.yy47->a[yymsp[-6].minor.yy47->nSrc-1];
+        struct SrcList_item *pOld = yymsp[-4].minor.yy47->a;
         pNew->zName = pOld->zName;
         pNew->zDatabase = pOld->zDatabase;
         pNew->pSelect = pOld->pSelect;
+        if( pOld->fg.isTabFunc ){
+          pNew->u1.pFuncArg = pOld->u1.pFuncArg;
+          pOld->u1.pFuncArg = 0;
+          pOld->fg.isTabFunc = 0;
+          pNew->fg.isTabFunc = 1;
+        }
         pOld->zName = pOld->zDatabase = 0;
         pOld->pSelect = 0;
       }
-      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-4].minor.yy135);
+      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-4].minor.yy47);
     }else{
       Select *pSubquery;
-      sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(yymsp[-4].minor.yy135);
-      pSubquery = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy135,0,0,0,0,SF_NestedFrom,0);
-      yymsp[-6].minor.yy135 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy135,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,pSubquery,yymsp[-1].minor.yy18,yymsp[0].minor.yy48);
+      sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(yymsp[-4].minor.yy47);
+      pSubquery = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy47,0,0,0,0,SF_NestedFrom,0);
+      yymsp[-6].minor.yy47 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy47,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,pSubquery,yymsp[-1].minor.yy202,yymsp[0].minor.yy600);
     }
   }
         break;
-      case 108: /* dbnm ::= */
-      case 122: /* indexed_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==122);
+      case 111: /* dbnm ::= */
+      case 125: /* indexed_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==125);
 {yymsp[1].minor.yy0.z=0; yymsp[1].minor.yy0.n=0;}
         break;
-      case 110: /* fullname ::= nm */
+      case 113: /* fullname ::= nm */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy135 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0);
-  if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && yylhsminor.yy135 ) sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, yylhsminor.yy135->a[0].zName, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  yylhsminor.yy47 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0);
+  if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && yylhsminor.yy47 ) sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, yylhsminor.yy47->a[0].zName, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy135 = yylhsminor.yy135;
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy47 = yylhsminor.yy47;
         break;
-      case 111: /* fullname ::= nm DOT nm */
+      case 114: /* fullname ::= nm DOT nm */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy135 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && yylhsminor.yy135 ) sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, yylhsminor.yy135->a[0].zName, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  yylhsminor.yy47 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && yylhsminor.yy47 ) sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, yylhsminor.yy47->a[0].zName, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy135 = yylhsminor.yy135;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy47 = yylhsminor.yy47;
         break;
-      case 112: /* xfullname ::= nm */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy135 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 115: /* xfullname ::= nm */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy47 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 113: /* xfullname ::= nm DOT nm */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy135 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 116: /* xfullname ::= nm DOT nm */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy47 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 114: /* xfullname ::= nm DOT nm AS nm */
+      case 117: /* xfullname ::= nm DOT nm AS nm */
 {
-   yymsp[-4].minor.yy135 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/
-   if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy135 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy135->a[0].zAlias = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+   yymsp[-4].minor.yy47 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/
+   if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy47 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy47->a[0].zAlias = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 115: /* xfullname ::= nm AS nm */
-{  
-   yymsp[-2].minor.yy135 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0); /*A-overwrites-X*/
-   if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy135 ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy135->a[0].zAlias = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+      case 118: /* xfullname ::= nm AS nm */
+{
+   yymsp[-2].minor.yy47 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0); /*A-overwrites-X*/
+   if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy47 ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy47->a[0].zAlias = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 116: /* joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = JT_INNER; }
+      case 119: /* joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = JT_INNER; }
         break;
-      case 117: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy70 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,0);  /*X-overwrites-A*/}
+      case 120: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy192 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,0);  /*X-overwrites-A*/}
         break;
-      case 118: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy70 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0); /*X-overwrites-A*/}
+      case 121: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy192 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0); /*X-overwrites-A*/}
         break;
-      case 119: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy70 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);/*X-overwrites-A*/}
+      case 122: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy192 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);/*X-overwrites-A*/}
         break;
-      case 120: /* on_opt ::= ON expr */
-      case 137: /* having_opt ::= HAVING expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==137);
-      case 144: /* where_opt ::= WHERE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==144);
-      case 210: /* case_else ::= ELSE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==210);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy18 = yymsp[0].minor.yy18;}
+      case 123: /* on_opt ::= ON expr */
+      case 143: /* having_opt ::= HAVING expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==143);
+      case 150: /* where_opt ::= WHERE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==150);
+      case 216: /* case_else ::= ELSE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==216);
+      case 237: /* vinto ::= INTO expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==237);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy202 = yymsp[0].minor.yy202;}
         break;
-      case 121: /* on_opt ::= */
-      case 136: /* having_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==136);
-      case 138: /* limit_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==138);
-      case 143: /* where_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==143);
-      case 211: /* case_else ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==211);
-      case 213: /* case_operand ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==213);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy18 = 0;}
+      case 124: /* on_opt ::= */
+      case 142: /* having_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==142);
+      case 144: /* limit_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==144);
+      case 149: /* where_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==149);
+      case 217: /* case_else ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==217);
+      case 219: /* case_operand ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==219);
+      case 238: /* vinto ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==238);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy202 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 123: /* indexed_opt ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+      case 126: /* indexed_opt ::= INDEXED BY nm */
 {yymsp[-2].minor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;}
         break;
-      case 124: /* indexed_opt ::= NOT INDEXED */
+      case 127: /* indexed_opt ::= NOT INDEXED */
 {yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z=0; yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n=1;}
         break;
-      case 125: /* using_opt ::= USING LP idlist RP */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy48 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy48;}
+      case 128: /* using_opt ::= USING LP idlist RP */
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy600 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy600;}
         break;
-      case 126: /* using_opt ::= */
-      case 158: /* idlist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==158);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy48 = 0;}
+      case 129: /* using_opt ::= */
+      case 164: /* idlist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==164);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy600 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 128: /* orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
-      case 135: /* groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==135);
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy420 = yymsp[0].minor.yy420;}
+      case 131: /* orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
+      case 141: /* groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==141);
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy242 = yymsp[0].minor.yy242;}
         break;
-      case 129: /* sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder */
+      case 132: /* sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder nulls */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy420 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy420,yymsp[-1].minor.yy18);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-3].minor.yy420,yymsp[0].minor.yy70);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy242 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy242,yymsp[-2].minor.yy202);
+  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-4].minor.yy242,yymsp[-1].minor.yy192,yymsp[0].minor.yy192);
 }
         break;
-      case 130: /* sortlist ::= expr sortorder */
+      case 133: /* sortlist ::= expr sortorder nulls */
 {
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy420 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy18); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
-  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-1].minor.yy420,yymsp[0].minor.yy70);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy242 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy202); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
+  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-2].minor.yy242,yymsp[-1].minor.yy192,yymsp[0].minor.yy192);
 }
         break;
-      case 131: /* sortorder ::= ASC */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
+      case 134: /* sortorder ::= ASC */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
+        break;
+      case 135: /* sortorder ::= DESC */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
+        break;
+      case 136: /* sortorder ::= */
+      case 139: /* nulls ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==139);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy192 = SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED;}
         break;
-      case 132: /* sortorder ::= DESC */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
+      case 137: /* nulls ::= NULLS FIRST */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy192 = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
         break;
-      case 133: /* sortorder ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy70 = SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED;}
+      case 138: /* nulls ::= NULLS LAST */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy192 = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
         break;
-      case 139: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[0].minor.yy18,0);}
+      case 145: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[0].minor.yy202,0);}
         break;
-      case 140: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[-2].minor.yy18,yymsp[0].minor.yy18);}
+      case 146: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[-2].minor.yy202,yymsp[0].minor.yy202);}
         break;
-      case 141: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[0].minor.yy18,yymsp[-2].minor.yy18);}
+      case 147: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[0].minor.yy202,yymsp[-2].minor.yy202);}
         break;
-      case 142: /* cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname indexed_opt where_opt */
+      case 148: /* cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname indexed_opt where_opt */
 {
-  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy135, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
-  sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy135,yymsp[0].minor.yy18,0,0);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy47, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy47,yymsp[0].minor.yy202,0,0);
 }
         break;
-      case 145: /* cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf xfullname indexed_opt SET setlist where_opt */
+      case 151: /* cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf xfullname indexed_opt SET setlist from where_opt */
 {
-  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy135, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0);
-  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy420,"set list"); 
-  sqlite3Update(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy135,yymsp[-1].minor.yy420,yymsp[0].minor.yy18,yymsp[-5].minor.yy70,0,0,0);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy47, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy242,"set list");
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy47 = sqlite3SrcListAppendList(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy47, yymsp[-1].minor.yy47);
+  sqlite3Update(pParse,yymsp[-5].minor.yy47,yymsp[-2].minor.yy242,yymsp[0].minor.yy202,yymsp[-6].minor.yy192,0,0,0);
 }
         break;
-      case 146: /* setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
+      case 152: /* setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy420 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy420, yymsp[0].minor.yy18);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy420, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy242 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy242, yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
+  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy242, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
 }
         break;
-      case 147: /* setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+      case 153: /* setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-6].minor.yy420 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy420, yymsp[-3].minor.yy48, yymsp[0].minor.yy18);
+  yymsp[-6].minor.yy242 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy242, yymsp[-3].minor.yy600, yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
 }
         break;
-      case 148: /* setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
+      case 154: /* setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy420 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy18);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yylhsminor.yy420, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
+  yylhsminor.yy242 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
+  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yylhsminor.yy242, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
 }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy420 = yylhsminor.yy420;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy242 = yylhsminor.yy242;
         break;
-      case 149: /* setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+      case 155: /* setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy420 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, 0, yymsp[-3].minor.yy48, yymsp[0].minor.yy18);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy242 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, 0, yymsp[-3].minor.yy600, yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
 }
         break;
-      case 150: /* cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt select upsert */
+      case 156: /* cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt select upsert */
 {
-  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy135, yymsp[-1].minor.yy489, yymsp[-2].minor.yy48, yymsp[-5].minor.yy70, yymsp[0].minor.yy340);
+  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy47, yymsp[-1].minor.yy539, yymsp[-2].minor.yy600, yymsp[-5].minor.yy192, yymsp[0].minor.yy318);
 }
         break;
-      case 151: /* cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES */
+      case 157: /* cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES */
 {
-  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy135, 0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy48, yymsp[-5].minor.yy70, 0);
+  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy47, 0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy600, yymsp[-5].minor.yy192, 0);
 }
         break;
-      case 152: /* upsert ::= */
-{ yymsp[1].minor.yy340 = 0; }
+      case 158: /* upsert ::= */
+{ yymsp[1].minor.yy318 = 0; }
         break;
-      case 153: /* upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt */
-{ yymsp[-10].minor.yy340 = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,yymsp[-7].minor.yy420,yymsp[-5].minor.yy18,yymsp[-1].minor.yy420,yymsp[0].minor.yy18);}
+      case 159: /* upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt */
+{ yymsp[-10].minor.yy318 = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,yymsp[-7].minor.yy242,yymsp[-5].minor.yy202,yymsp[-1].minor.yy242,yymsp[0].minor.yy202);}
         break;
-      case 154: /* upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO NOTHING */
-{ yymsp[-7].minor.yy340 = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,yymsp[-4].minor.yy420,yymsp[-2].minor.yy18,0,0); }
+      case 160: /* upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO NOTHING */
+{ yymsp[-7].minor.yy318 = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,yymsp[-4].minor.yy242,yymsp[-2].minor.yy202,0,0); }
         break;
-      case 155: /* upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING */
-{ yymsp[-3].minor.yy340 = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,0,0,0,0); }
+      case 161: /* upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING */
+{ yymsp[-3].minor.yy318 = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,0,0,0,0); }
         break;
-      case 159: /* idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy48 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy48;}
+      case 165: /* idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy600 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy600;}
         break;
-      case 160: /* idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy48 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy48,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
+      case 166: /* idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy600 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy600,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 161: /* idlist ::= nm */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy48 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
+      case 167: /* idlist ::= nm */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy600 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
         break;
-      case 162: /* expr ::= LP expr RP */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy18 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy18;}
+      case 168: /* expr ::= LP expr RP */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy202 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy202;}
         break;
-      case 163: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED */
-      case 164: /* expr ::= JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==164);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy18=tokenExpr(pParse,TK_ID,yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 169: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED */
+      case 170: /* expr ::= JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==170);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy202=tokenExpr(pParse,TK_ID,yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 165: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm */
+      case 171: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm */
 {
   Expr *temp1 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
   Expr *temp2 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
@@ -149300,11 +159027,11 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
     sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, (void*)temp2, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
     sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, (void*)temp1, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
   }
-  yylhsminor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp2);
+  yylhsminor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp2);
 }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy18 = yylhsminor.yy18;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy202 = yylhsminor.yy202;
         break;
-      case 166: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
+      case 172: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
 {
   Expr *temp1 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, 1);
   Expr *temp2 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
@@ -149314,26 +159041,26 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
     sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, (void*)temp3, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
     sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, (void*)temp2, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
   }
-  yylhsminor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp4);
+  yylhsminor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp4);
 }
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = yylhsminor.yy18;
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = yylhsminor.yy202;
         break;
-      case 167: /* term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB */
-      case 168: /* term ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==168);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy18=tokenExpr(pParse,yymsp[0].major,yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 173: /* term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB */
+      case 174: /* term ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==174);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy202=tokenExpr(pParse,yymsp[0].major,yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 169: /* term ::= INTEGER */
+      case 175: /* term ::= INTEGER */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy18 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
+  yylhsminor.yy202 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
 }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy18 = yylhsminor.yy18;
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy202 = yylhsminor.yy202;
         break;
-      case 170: /* expr ::= VARIABLE */
+      case 176: /* expr ::= VARIABLE */
 {
   if( !(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[0]=='#' && sqlite3Isdigit(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[1])) ){
     u32 n = yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n;
-    yymsp[0].minor.yy18 = tokenExpr(pParse, TK_VARIABLE, yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-    sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy18, n);
+    yymsp[0].minor.yy202 = tokenExpr(pParse, TK_VARIABLE, yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+    sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy202, n);
   }else{
     /* When doing a nested parse, one can include terms in an expression
     ** that look like this:   #1 #2 ...  These terms refer to registers
@@ -149342,154 +159069,159 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
     assert( t.n>=2 );
     if( pParse->nested==0 ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &t);
-      yymsp[0].minor.yy18 = 0;
+      yymsp[0].minor.yy202 = 0;
     }else{
-      yymsp[0].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_REGISTER, 0, 0);
-      if( yymsp[0].minor.yy18 ) sqlite3GetInt32(&t.z[1], &yymsp[0].minor.yy18->iTable);
+      yymsp[0].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_REGISTER, 0, 0);
+      if( yymsp[0].minor.yy202 ) sqlite3GetInt32(&t.z[1], &yymsp[0].minor.yy202->iTable);
     }
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 171: /* expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
+      case 177: /* expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
 {
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy18 = sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy18, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy202 = sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy202, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
 }
         break;
-      case 172: /* expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
+      case 178: /* expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy18 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_CAST, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1);
-  sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(pParse->db, yymsp[-5].minor.yy18, yymsp[-3].minor.yy18, 0);
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy202 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_CAST, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1);
+  sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(pParse->db, yymsp[-5].minor.yy202, yymsp[-3].minor.yy202, 0);
 }
         break;
-      case 173: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP */
+      case 179: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy18 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy420, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy70);
+  yylhsminor.yy202 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy242, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy192);
 }
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = yylhsminor.yy18;
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = yylhsminor.yy202;
         break;
-      case 174: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP */
+      case 180: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy18 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, 0);
+  yylhsminor.yy202 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, 0);
 }
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy18 = yylhsminor.yy18;
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy202 = yylhsminor.yy202;
         break;
-      case 175: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP over_clause */
+      case 181: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP filter_over */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy18 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy420, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-3].minor.yy70);
-  sqlite3WindowAttach(pParse, yylhsminor.yy18, yymsp[0].minor.yy327);
+  yylhsminor.yy202 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy242, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-3].minor.yy192);
+  sqlite3WindowAttach(pParse, yylhsminor.yy202, yymsp[0].minor.yy303);
 }
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy18 = yylhsminor.yy18;
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy202 = yylhsminor.yy202;
         break;
-      case 176: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP over_clause */
+      case 182: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP filter_over */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy18 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, 0);
-  sqlite3WindowAttach(pParse, yylhsminor.yy18, yymsp[0].minor.yy327);
+  yylhsminor.yy202 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, 0);
+  sqlite3WindowAttach(pParse, yylhsminor.yy202, yymsp[0].minor.yy303);
 }
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = yylhsminor.yy18;
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = yylhsminor.yy202;
         break;
-      case 177: /* term ::= CTIME_KW */
+      case 183: /* term ::= CTIME_KW */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy18 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 0);
+  yylhsminor.yy202 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 0);
 }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy18 = yylhsminor.yy18;
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy202 = yylhsminor.yy202;
         break;
-      case 178: /* expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
+      case 184: /* expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
 {
-  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy420, yymsp[-1].minor.yy18);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_VECTOR, 0, 0);
-  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 ){
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy18->x.pList = pList;
+  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy242, yymsp[-1].minor.yy202);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_VECTOR, 0, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 ){
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy202->x.pList = pList;
+    if( ALWAYS(pList->nExpr) ){
+      yymsp[-4].minor.yy202->flags |= pList->a[0].pExpr->flags & EP_Propagate;
+    }
   }else{
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 179: /* expr ::= expr AND expr */
-      case 180: /* expr ::= expr OR expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==180);
-      case 181: /* expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==181);
-      case 182: /* expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==182);
-      case 183: /* expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==183);
-      case 184: /* expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==184);
-      case 185: /* expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==185);
-      case 186: /* expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==186);
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy18=sqlite3PExpr(pParse,yymsp[-1].major,yymsp[-2].minor.yy18,yymsp[0].minor.yy18);}
+      case 185: /* expr ::= expr AND expr */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy202=sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy202,yymsp[0].minor.yy202);}
+        break;
+      case 186: /* expr ::= expr OR expr */
+      case 187: /* expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==187);
+      case 188: /* expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==188);
+      case 189: /* expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==189);
+      case 190: /* expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==190);
+      case 191: /* expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==191);
+      case 192: /* expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==192);
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy202=sqlite3PExpr(pParse,yymsp[-1].major,yymsp[-2].minor.yy202,yymsp[0].minor.yy202);}
         break;
-      case 187: /* likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+      case 193: /* likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
 {yymsp[-1].minor.yy0=yymsp[0].minor.yy0; yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n|=0x80000000; /*yymsp[-1].minor.yy0-overwrite-yymsp[0].minor.yy0*/}
         break;
-      case 188: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr */
+      case 194: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr */
 {
   ExprList *pList;
   int bNot = yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n & 0x80000000;
   yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n &= 0x7fffffff;
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[0].minor.yy18);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-2].minor.yy18);
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy18 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 0);
-  if( bNot ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-2].minor.yy18, 0);
-  if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy18 ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy18->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-2].minor.yy202);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy202 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 0);
+  if( bNot ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-2].minor.yy202, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy202 ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy202->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
 }
         break;
-      case 189: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
+      case 195: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
 {
   ExprList *pList;
   int bNot = yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.n & 0x80000000;
   yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.n &= 0x7fffffff;
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy18);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy18);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, 0);
-  if( bNot ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18, 0);
-  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy18->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy202);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, 0);
+  if( bNot ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy202->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
 }
         break;
-      case 190: /* expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,yymsp[0].major,yymsp[-1].minor.yy18,0);}
+      case 196: /* expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,yymsp[0].major,yymsp[-1].minor.yy202,0);}
         break;
-      case 191: /* expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_NOTNULL,yymsp[-2].minor.yy18,0);}
+      case 197: /* expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_NOTNULL,yymsp[-2].minor.yy202,0);}
         break;
-      case 192: /* expr ::= expr IS expr */
+      case 198: /* expr ::= expr IS expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_IS,yymsp[-2].minor.yy18,yymsp[0].minor.yy18);
-  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy18, yymsp[-2].minor.yy18, TK_ISNULL);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_IS,yymsp[-2].minor.yy202,yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
+  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy202, yymsp[-2].minor.yy202, TK_ISNULL);
 }
         break;
-      case 193: /* expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
+      case 199: /* expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_ISNOT,yymsp[-3].minor.yy18,yymsp[0].minor.yy18);
-  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy18, yymsp[-3].minor.yy18, TK_NOTNULL);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_ISNOT,yymsp[-3].minor.yy202,yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
+  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy202, yymsp[-3].minor.yy202, TK_NOTNULL);
 }
         break;
-      case 194: /* expr ::= NOT expr */
-      case 195: /* expr ::= BITNOT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==195);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, yymsp[-1].major, yymsp[0].minor.yy18, 0);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
+      case 200: /* expr ::= NOT expr */
+      case 201: /* expr ::= BITNOT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==201);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, yymsp[-1].major, yymsp[0].minor.yy202, 0);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
         break;
-      case 196: /* expr ::= PLUS|MINUS expr */
+      case 202: /* expr ::= PLUS|MINUS expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, yymsp[-1].major==TK_PLUS ? TK_UPLUS : TK_UMINUS, yymsp[0].minor.yy18, 0);
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, yymsp[-1].major==TK_PLUS ? TK_UPLUS : TK_UMINUS, yymsp[0].minor.yy202, 0);
   /*A-overwrites-B*/
 }
         break;
-      case 197: /* between_op ::= BETWEEN */
-      case 200: /* in_op ::= IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==200);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = 0;}
+      case 203: /* between_op ::= BETWEEN */
+      case 206: /* in_op ::= IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==206);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 199: /* expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
+      case 205: /* expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
 {
-  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy18);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy18);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_BETWEEN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18, 0);
-  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 ){
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy18->x.pList = pList;
+  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy202);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_BETWEEN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 ){
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy202->x.pList = pList;
   }else{
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
-  } 
-  if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy70 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18, 0);
+  }
+  if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy192 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202, 0);
 }
         break;
-      case 202: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
+      case 208: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
 {
-    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy420==0 ){
+    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy242==0 ){
       /* Expressions of the form
       **
       **      expr1 IN ()
@@ -149498,531 +159230,548 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
       ** simplify to constants 0 (false) and 1 (true), respectively,
       ** regardless of the value of expr1.
       */
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18);
-      yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER,&sqlite3IntTokens[yymsp[-3].minor.yy70],1);
-    }else if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy420->nExpr==1 ){
-      /* Expressions of the form:
-      **
-      **      expr1 IN (?1)
-      **      expr1 NOT IN (?2)
-      **
-      ** with exactly one value on the RHS can be simplified to something
-      ** like this:
-      **
-      **      expr1 == ?1
-      **      expr1 <> ?2
-      **
-      ** But, the RHS of the == or <> is marked with the EP_Generic flag
-      ** so that it may not contribute to the computation of comparison
-      ** affinity or the collating sequence to use for comparison.  Otherwise,
-      ** the semantics would be subtly different from IN or NOT IN.
-      */
-      Expr *pRHS = yymsp[-1].minor.yy420->a[0].pExpr;
-      yymsp[-1].minor.yy420->a[0].pExpr = 0;
-      sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy420);
-      /* pRHS cannot be NULL because a malloc error would have been detected
-      ** before now and control would have never reached this point */
-      if( ALWAYS(pRHS) ){
-        pRHS->flags &= ~EP_Collate;
-        pRHS->flags |= EP_Generic;
-      }
-      yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy70 ? TK_NE : TK_EQ, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18, pRHS);
-    }else{
-      yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18, 0);
-      if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 ){
-        yymsp[-4].minor.yy18->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy420;
-        sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18);
+      sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202);
+      yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER, yymsp[-3].minor.yy192 ? "1" : "0");
+    }else if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy242->nExpr==1 && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(yymsp[-1].minor.yy242->a[0].pExpr) ){
+      Expr *pRHS = yymsp[-1].minor.yy242->a[0].pExpr;
+      yymsp[-1].minor.yy242->a[0].pExpr = 0;
+      sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy242);
+      pRHS = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UPLUS, pRHS, 0);
+      yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202, pRHS);
+      if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy192 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202, 0);
+    }else{
+      yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202, 0);
+      if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 ){
+        yymsp[-4].minor.yy202->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy242;
+        sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202);
       }else{
-        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy420);
+        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy242);
       }
-      if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy70 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18, 0);
+      if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy192 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202, 0);
     }
   }
         break;
-      case 203: /* expr ::= LP select RP */
+      case 209: /* expr ::= LP select RP */
 {
-    yymsp[-2].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy18, yymsp[-1].minor.yy489);
+    yymsp[-2].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy202, yymsp[-1].minor.yy539);
   }
         break;
-      case 204: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
+      case 210: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
 {
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18, yymsp[-1].minor.yy489);
-    if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy70 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18, 0);
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202, yymsp[-1].minor.yy539);
+    if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy192 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202, 0);
   }
         break;
-      case 205: /* expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
+      case 211: /* expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
 {
-    SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db, 0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
+    SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse, 0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
     Select *pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,0);
-    if( yymsp[0].minor.yy420 )  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, pSelect ? pSrc : 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy420);
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18, pSelect);
-    if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy70 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18, 0);
+    if( yymsp[0].minor.yy242 )  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, pSelect ? pSrc : 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy242);
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202, pSelect);
+    if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy192 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202, 0);
   }
         break;
-      case 206: /* expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
+      case 212: /* expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
 {
     Expr *p;
-    p = yymsp[-3].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, p, yymsp[-1].minor.yy489);
+    p = yymsp[-3].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, p, yymsp[-1].minor.yy539);
   }
         break;
-      case 207: /* expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
+      case 213: /* expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, yymsp[-3].minor.yy18, 0);
-  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 ){
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy18->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy18 ? sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy420,yymsp[-1].minor.yy18) : yymsp[-2].minor.yy420;
-    sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy18);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, yymsp[-3].minor.yy202, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 ){
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy202->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy202 ? sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy242,yymsp[-1].minor.yy202) : yymsp[-2].minor.yy242;
+    sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy202);
   }else{
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy420);
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy18);
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy242);
+    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy202);
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 208: /* case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
+      case 214: /* case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy420 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy420, yymsp[-2].minor.yy18);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy420 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy420, yymsp[0].minor.yy18);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy242 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy242, yymsp[-2].minor.yy202);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy242 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy242, yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
 }
         break;
-      case 209: /* case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
+      case 215: /* case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy420 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy18);
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy420 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy420, yymsp[0].minor.yy18);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy242 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy202);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy242 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy242, yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
 }
         break;
-      case 212: /* case_operand ::= expr */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy18 = yymsp[0].minor.yy18; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 218: /* case_operand ::= expr */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy202 = yymsp[0].minor.yy202; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 215: /* nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy420 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy420,yymsp[0].minor.yy18);}
+      case 221: /* nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy242 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy242,yymsp[0].minor.yy202);}
         break;
-      case 216: /* nexprlist ::= expr */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy420 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy18); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
+      case 222: /* nexprlist ::= expr */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy242 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy202); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
         break;
-      case 218: /* paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
-      case 223: /* eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==223);
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy420 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy420;}
+      case 224: /* paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
+      case 229: /* eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==229);
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy242 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy242;}
         break;
-      case 219: /* cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
+      case 225: /* cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
 {
-  sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, 
-                     sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,0), yymsp[-2].minor.yy420, yymsp[-10].minor.yy70,
-                      &yymsp[-11].minor.yy0, yymsp[0].minor.yy18, SQLITE_SO_ASC, yymsp[-8].minor.yy70, SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF);
+  sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0,
+                     sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,0), yymsp[-2].minor.yy242, yymsp[-10].minor.yy192,
+                      &yymsp[-11].minor.yy0, yymsp[0].minor.yy202, SQLITE_SO_ASC, yymsp[-8].minor.yy192, SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF);
   if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && pParse->pNewIndex ){
     sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, pParse->pNewIndex->zName, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 220: /* uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
-      case 260: /* raisetype ::= ABORT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==260);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = OE_Abort;}
+      case 226: /* uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
+      case 268: /* raisetype ::= ABORT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==268);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = OE_Abort;}
         break;
-      case 221: /* uniqueflag ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy70 = OE_None;}
+      case 227: /* uniqueflag ::= */
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy192 = OE_None;}
         break;
-      case 224: /* eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
+      case 230: /* eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy420 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy420, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy70, yymsp[0].minor.yy70);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy242 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy242, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy192, yymsp[0].minor.yy192);
 }
         break;
-      case 225: /* eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
+      case 231: /* eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
 {
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy420 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy70, yymsp[0].minor.yy70); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy242 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy192, yymsp[0].minor.yy192); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
 }
         break;
-      case 228: /* cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
-{sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy135, yymsp[-1].minor.yy70);}
+      case 234: /* cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
+{sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy47, yymsp[-1].minor.yy192);}
         break;
-      case 229: /* cmd ::= VACUUM */
-{sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,0);}
+      case 235: /* cmd ::= VACUUM vinto */
+{sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy202);}
         break;
-      case 230: /* cmd ::= VACUUM nm */
-{sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
+      case 236: /* cmd ::= VACUUM nm vinto */
+{sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,yymsp[0].minor.yy202);}
         break;
-      case 231: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
+      case 239: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0,0);}
         break;
-      case 232: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
+      case 240: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0);}
         break;
-      case 233: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
+      case 241: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0);}
         break;
-      case 234: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
+      case 242: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,1);}
         break;
-      case 235: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
+      case 243: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,1);}
         break;
-      case 238: /* cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
+      case 246: /* cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
 {
   Token all;
   all.z = yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z;
   all.n = (int)(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z - yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z) + yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n;
-  sqlite3FinishTrigger(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy207, &all);
+  sqlite3FinishTrigger(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy447, &all);
 }
         break;
-      case 239: /* trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
+      case 247: /* trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
 {
-  sqlite3BeginTrigger(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, yymsp[-5].minor.yy70, yymsp[-4].minor.yy34.a, yymsp[-4].minor.yy34.b, yymsp[-2].minor.yy135, yymsp[0].minor.yy18, yymsp[-10].minor.yy70, yymsp[-8].minor.yy70);
+  sqlite3BeginTrigger(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, yymsp[-5].minor.yy192, yymsp[-4].minor.yy230.a, yymsp[-4].minor.yy230.b, yymsp[-2].minor.yy47, yymsp[0].minor.yy202, yymsp[-10].minor.yy192, yymsp[-8].minor.yy192);
   yymsp[-10].minor.yy0 = (yymsp[-6].minor.yy0.n==0?yymsp[-7].minor.yy0:yymsp[-6].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-T*/
 }
         break;
-      case 240: /* trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/ }
+      case 248: /* trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER */
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/ }
         break;
-      case 241: /* trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy70 = TK_INSTEAD;}
+      case 249: /* trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy192 = TK_INSTEAD;}
         break;
-      case 242: /* trigger_time ::= */
-{ yymsp[1].minor.yy70 = TK_BEFORE; }
+      case 250: /* trigger_time ::= */
+{ yymsp[1].minor.yy192 = TK_BEFORE; }
         break;
-      case 243: /* trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
-      case 244: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==244);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy34.a = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/ yymsp[0].minor.yy34.b = 0;}
+      case 251: /* trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
+      case 252: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==252);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy230.a = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/ yymsp[0].minor.yy230.b = 0;}
         break;
-      case 245: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy34.a = TK_UPDATE; yymsp[-2].minor.yy34.b = yymsp[0].minor.yy48;}
+      case 253: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy230.a = TK_UPDATE; yymsp[-2].minor.yy230.b = yymsp[0].minor.yy600;}
         break;
-      case 246: /* when_clause ::= */
-      case 265: /* key_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==265);
-      case 307: /* filter_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==307);
-{ yymsp[1].minor.yy18 = 0; }
+      case 254: /* when_clause ::= */
+      case 273: /* key_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==273);
+{ yymsp[1].minor.yy202 = 0; }
         break;
-      case 247: /* when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
-      case 266: /* key_opt ::= KEY expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==266);
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy18 = yymsp[0].minor.yy18; }
+      case 255: /* when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
+      case 274: /* key_opt ::= KEY expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==274);
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy202 = yymsp[0].minor.yy202; }
         break;
-      case 248: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
+      case 256: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
 {
-  assert( yymsp[-2].minor.yy207!=0 );
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy207->pLast->pNext = yymsp[-1].minor.yy207;
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy207->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy207;
+  assert( yymsp[-2].minor.yy447!=0 );
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy447->pLast->pNext = yymsp[-1].minor.yy447;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy447->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy447;
 }
         break;
-      case 249: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
-{ 
-  assert( yymsp[-1].minor.yy207!=0 );
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy207->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy207;
+      case 257: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
+{
+  assert( yymsp[-1].minor.yy447!=0 );
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy447->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy447;
 }
         break;
-      case 250: /* trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
+      case 258: /* trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
 {
   yymsp[-2].minor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;
-  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
+  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
         "qualified table names are not allowed on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE "
         "statements within triggers");
 }
         break;
-      case 251: /* tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+      case 259: /* tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
 {
   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
         "the INDEXED BY clause is not allowed on UPDATE or DELETE statements "
         "within triggers");
 }
         break;
-      case 252: /* tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
+      case 260: /* tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
 {
   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
         "the NOT INDEXED clause is not allowed on UPDATE or DELETE statements "
         "within triggers");
 }
         break;
-      case 253: /* trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist where_opt scanpt */
-{yylhsminor.yy207 = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy420, yymsp[-1].minor.yy18, yymsp[-6].minor.yy70, yymsp[-7].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy392);}
-  yymsp[-7].minor.yy207 = yylhsminor.yy207;
+      case 261: /* trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist from where_opt scanpt */
+{yylhsminor.yy447 = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy47, yymsp[-3].minor.yy242, yymsp[-1].minor.yy202, yymsp[-7].minor.yy192, yymsp[-8].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy436);}
+  yymsp[-8].minor.yy447 = yylhsminor.yy447;
         break;
-      case 254: /* trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select upsert scanpt */
+      case 262: /* trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select upsert scanpt */
 {
-   yylhsminor.yy207 = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,yymsp[-3].minor.yy48,yymsp[-2].minor.yy489,yymsp[-6].minor.yy70,yymsp[-1].minor.yy340,yymsp[-7].minor.yy392,yymsp[0].minor.yy392);/*yylhsminor.yy207-overwrites-yymsp[-6].minor.yy70*/
+   yylhsminor.yy447 = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,yymsp[-3].minor.yy600,yymsp[-2].minor.yy539,yymsp[-6].minor.yy192,yymsp[-1].minor.yy318,yymsp[-7].minor.yy436,yymsp[0].minor.yy436);/*yylhsminor.yy447-overwrites-yymsp[-6].minor.yy192*/
 }
-  yymsp[-7].minor.yy207 = yylhsminor.yy207;
+  yymsp[-7].minor.yy447 = yylhsminor.yy447;
         break;
-      case 255: /* trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt */
-{yylhsminor.yy207 = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy18, yymsp[-5].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy392);}
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy207 = yylhsminor.yy207;
+      case 263: /* trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt */
+{yylhsminor.yy447 = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy202, yymsp[-5].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy436);}
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy447 = yylhsminor.yy447;
         break;
-      case 256: /* trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt */
-{yylhsminor.yy207 = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy489, yymsp[-2].minor.yy392, yymsp[0].minor.yy392); /*yylhsminor.yy207-overwrites-yymsp[-1].minor.yy489*/}
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy207 = yylhsminor.yy207;
+      case 264: /* trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt */
+{yylhsminor.yy447 = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy539, yymsp[-2].minor.yy436, yymsp[0].minor.yy436); /*yylhsminor.yy447-overwrites-yymsp[-1].minor.yy539*/}
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy447 = yylhsminor.yy447;
         break;
-      case 257: /* expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
+      case 265: /* expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy18 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0); 
-  if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy18 ){
-    yymsp[-3].minor.yy18->affinity = OE_Ignore;
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy202 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy202 ){
+    yymsp[-3].minor.yy202->affExpr = OE_Ignore;
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 258: /* expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
+      case 266: /* expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy18 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_RAISE, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1); 
-  if( yymsp[-5].minor.yy18 ) {
-    yymsp[-5].minor.yy18->affinity = (char)yymsp[-3].minor.yy70;
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy202 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_RAISE, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1);
+  if( yymsp[-5].minor.yy202 ) {
+    yymsp[-5].minor.yy202->affExpr = (char)yymsp[-3].minor.yy192;
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 259: /* raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = OE_Rollback;}
+      case 267: /* raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = OE_Rollback;}
         break;
-      case 261: /* raisetype ::= FAIL */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = OE_Fail;}
+      case 269: /* raisetype ::= FAIL */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy192 = OE_Fail;}
         break;
-      case 262: /* cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
+      case 270: /* cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
 {
-  sqlite3DropTrigger(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy135,yymsp[-1].minor.yy70);
+  sqlite3DropTrigger(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy47,yymsp[-1].minor.yy192);
 }
         break;
-      case 263: /* cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
+      case 271: /* cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
 {
-  sqlite3Attach(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy18, yymsp[-1].minor.yy18, yymsp[0].minor.yy18);
+  sqlite3Attach(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy202, yymsp[-1].minor.yy202, yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
 }
         break;
-      case 264: /* cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
+      case 272: /* cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
 {
-  sqlite3Detach(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy18);
+  sqlite3Detach(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
 }
         break;
-      case 267: /* cmd ::= REINDEX */
+      case 275: /* cmd ::= REINDEX */
 {sqlite3Reindex(pParse, 0, 0);}
         break;
-      case 268: /* cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
+      case 276: /* cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
 {sqlite3Reindex(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 269: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE */
+      case 277: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE */
 {sqlite3Analyze(pParse, 0, 0);}
         break;
-      case 270: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
+      case 278: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
 {sqlite3Analyze(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 271: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
+      case 279: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
 {
-  sqlite3AlterRenameTable(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy135,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3AlterRenameTable(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy47,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 272: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
+      case 280: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
 {
   yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n = (int)(pParse->sLastToken.z-yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z) + pParse->sLastToken.n;
   sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 273: /* add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
+      case 281: /* add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
 {
   disableLookaside(pParse);
-  sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy135);
+  sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy47);
 }
         break;
-      case 274: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm TO nm */
+      case 282: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm TO nm */
 {
-  sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy135, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy47, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 275: /* cmd ::= create_vtab */
+      case 283: /* cmd ::= create_vtab */
 {sqlite3VtabFinishParse(pParse,0);}
         break;
-      case 276: /* cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
+      case 284: /* cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
 {sqlite3VtabFinishParse(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 277: /* create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
+      case 285: /* create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
 {
-    sqlite3VtabBeginParse(pParse, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy70);
+    sqlite3VtabBeginParse(pParse, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy192);
 }
         break;
-      case 278: /* vtabarg ::= */
+      case 286: /* vtabarg ::= */
 {sqlite3VtabArgInit(pParse);}
         break;
-      case 279: /* vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
-      case 280: /* vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==280);
-      case 281: /* lp ::= LP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==281);
+      case 287: /* vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
+      case 288: /* vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==288);
+      case 289: /* lp ::= LP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==289);
 {sqlite3VtabArgExtend(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 282: /* with ::= WITH wqlist */
-      case 283: /* with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==283);
-{ sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy449, 1); }
+      case 290: /* with ::= WITH wqlist */
+      case 291: /* with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==291);
+{ sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy131, 1); }
         break;
-      case 284: /* wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
+      case 292: /* wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy449 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy420, yymsp[-1].minor.yy489); /*A-overwrites-X*/
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy131 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy242, yymsp[-1].minor.yy539); /*A-overwrites-X*/
 }
         break;
-      case 285: /* wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
+      case 293: /* wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-7].minor.yy449 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, yymsp[-7].minor.yy449, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy420, yymsp[-1].minor.yy489);
+  yymsp[-7].minor.yy131 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, yymsp[-7].minor.yy131, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy242, yymsp[-1].minor.yy539);
 }
         break;
-      case 286: /* windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn */
-{ yylhsminor.yy327 = yymsp[0].minor.yy327; }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy327 = yylhsminor.yy327;
+      case 294: /* windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn */
+{ yylhsminor.yy303 = yymsp[0].minor.yy303; }
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy303 = yylhsminor.yy303;
         break;
-      case 287: /* windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn_list COMMA windowdefn */
+      case 295: /* windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn_list COMMA windowdefn */
 {
-  assert( yymsp[0].minor.yy327!=0 );
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy327->pNextWin = yymsp[-2].minor.yy327;
-  yylhsminor.yy327 = yymsp[0].minor.yy327;
+  assert( yymsp[0].minor.yy303!=0 );
+  sqlite3WindowChain(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy303, yymsp[-2].minor.yy303);
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy303->pNextWin = yymsp[-2].minor.yy303;
+  yylhsminor.yy303 = yymsp[0].minor.yy303;
 }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy327 = yylhsminor.yy327;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy303 = yylhsminor.yy303;
         break;
-      case 288: /* windowdefn ::= nm AS window */
+      case 296: /* windowdefn ::= nm AS LP window RP */
 {
-  if( ALWAYS(yymsp[0].minor.yy327) ){
-    yymsp[0].minor.yy327->zName = sqlite3DbStrNDup(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.n);
+  if( ALWAYS(yymsp[-1].minor.yy303) ){
+    yymsp[-1].minor.yy303->zName = sqlite3DbStrNDup(pParse->db, yymsp[-4].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[-4].minor.yy0.n);
   }
-  yylhsminor.yy327 = yymsp[0].minor.yy327;
+  yylhsminor.yy303 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy303;
 }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy327 = yylhsminor.yy327;
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy303 = yylhsminor.yy303;
         break;
-      case 289: /* window ::= LP part_opt orderby_opt frame_opt RP */
+      case 297: /* window ::= PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy327 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy327;
-  if( ALWAYS(yymsp[-4].minor.yy327) ){
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy327->pPartition = yymsp[-3].minor.yy420;
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy327->pOrderBy = yymsp[-2].minor.yy420;
-  }
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy303 = sqlite3WindowAssemble(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy303, yymsp[-2].minor.yy242, yymsp[-1].minor.yy242, 0);
+}
+        break;
+      case 298: /* window ::= nm PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
+{
+  yylhsminor.yy303 = sqlite3WindowAssemble(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy303, yymsp[-2].minor.yy242, yymsp[-1].minor.yy242, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0);
+}
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy303 = yylhsminor.yy303;
+        break;
+      case 299: /* window ::= ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
+{
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy303 = sqlite3WindowAssemble(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy303, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy242, 0);
 }
         break;
-      case 290: /* part_opt ::= PARTITION BY nexprlist */
-{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy420 = yymsp[0].minor.yy420; }
+      case 300: /* window ::= nm ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
+{
+  yylhsminor.yy303 = sqlite3WindowAssemble(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy303, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy242, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
+}
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy303 = yylhsminor.yy303;
+        break;
+      case 301: /* window ::= frame_opt */
+      case 320: /* filter_over ::= over_clause */ yytestcase(yyruleno==320);
+{
+  yylhsminor.yy303 = yymsp[0].minor.yy303;
+}
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy303 = yylhsminor.yy303;
         break;
-      case 291: /* part_opt ::= */
-{ yymsp[1].minor.yy420 = 0; }
+      case 302: /* window ::= nm frame_opt */
+{
+  yylhsminor.yy303 = sqlite3WindowAssemble(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy303, 0, 0, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
+}
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy303 = yylhsminor.yy303;
         break;
-      case 292: /* frame_opt ::= */
-{ 
-  yymsp[1].minor.yy327 = sqlite3WindowAlloc(pParse, TK_RANGE, TK_UNBOUNDED, 0, TK_CURRENT, 0);
+      case 303: /* frame_opt ::= */
+{
+  yymsp[1].minor.yy303 = sqlite3WindowAlloc(pParse, 0, TK_UNBOUNDED, 0, TK_CURRENT, 0, 0);
 }
         break;
-      case 293: /* frame_opt ::= range_or_rows frame_bound_s */
-{ 
-  yylhsminor.yy327 = sqlite3WindowAlloc(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy70, yymsp[0].minor.yy119.eType, yymsp[0].minor.yy119.pExpr, TK_CURRENT, 0);
+      case 304: /* frame_opt ::= range_or_rows frame_bound_s frame_exclude_opt */
+{
+  yylhsminor.yy303 = sqlite3WindowAlloc(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy192, yymsp[-1].minor.yy77.eType, yymsp[-1].minor.yy77.pExpr, TK_CURRENT, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy58);
 }
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy327 = yylhsminor.yy327;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy303 = yylhsminor.yy303;
         break;
-      case 294: /* frame_opt ::= range_or_rows BETWEEN frame_bound_s AND frame_bound_e */
-{ 
-  yylhsminor.yy327 = sqlite3WindowAlloc(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy70, yymsp[-2].minor.yy119.eType, yymsp[-2].minor.yy119.pExpr, yymsp[0].minor.yy119.eType, yymsp[0].minor.yy119.pExpr);
+      case 305: /* frame_opt ::= range_or_rows BETWEEN frame_bound_s AND frame_bound_e frame_exclude_opt */
+{
+  yylhsminor.yy303 = sqlite3WindowAlloc(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy192, yymsp[-3].minor.yy77.eType, yymsp[-3].minor.yy77.pExpr, yymsp[-1].minor.yy77.eType, yymsp[-1].minor.yy77.pExpr, yymsp[0].minor.yy58);
 }
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy327 = yylhsminor.yy327;
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy303 = yylhsminor.yy303;
         break;
-      case 295: /* range_or_rows ::= RANGE */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = TK_RANGE; }
+      case 307: /* frame_bound_s ::= frame_bound */
+      case 309: /* frame_bound_e ::= frame_bound */ yytestcase(yyruleno==309);
+{yylhsminor.yy77 = yymsp[0].minor.yy77;}
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy77 = yylhsminor.yy77;
         break;
-      case 296: /* range_or_rows ::= ROWS */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy70 = TK_ROWS;  }
+      case 308: /* frame_bound_s ::= UNBOUNDED PRECEDING */
+      case 310: /* frame_bound_e ::= UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==310);
+      case 312: /* frame_bound ::= CURRENT ROW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==312);
+{yylhsminor.yy77.eType = yymsp[-1].major; yylhsminor.yy77.pExpr = 0;}
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy77 = yylhsminor.yy77;
         break;
-      case 297: /* frame_bound_s ::= frame_bound */
-      case 299: /* frame_bound_e ::= frame_bound */ yytestcase(yyruleno==299);
-{ yylhsminor.yy119 = yymsp[0].minor.yy119; }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy119 = yylhsminor.yy119;
+      case 311: /* frame_bound ::= expr PRECEDING|FOLLOWING */
+{yylhsminor.yy77.eType = yymsp[0].major; yylhsminor.yy77.pExpr = yymsp[-1].minor.yy202;}
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy77 = yylhsminor.yy77;
         break;
-      case 298: /* frame_bound_s ::= UNBOUNDED PRECEDING */
-      case 300: /* frame_bound_e ::= UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==300);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy119.eType = TK_UNBOUNDED; yymsp[-1].minor.yy119.pExpr = 0;}
+      case 313: /* frame_exclude_opt ::= */
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy58 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 301: /* frame_bound ::= expr PRECEDING */
-{ yylhsminor.yy119.eType = TK_PRECEDING; yylhsminor.yy119.pExpr = yymsp[-1].minor.yy18; }
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy119 = yylhsminor.yy119;
+      case 314: /* frame_exclude_opt ::= EXCLUDE frame_exclude */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy58 = yymsp[0].minor.yy58;}
         break;
-      case 302: /* frame_bound ::= CURRENT ROW */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy119.eType = TK_CURRENT  ; yymsp[-1].minor.yy119.pExpr = 0; }
+      case 315: /* frame_exclude ::= NO OTHERS */
+      case 316: /* frame_exclude ::= CURRENT ROW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==316);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy58 = yymsp[-1].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 303: /* frame_bound ::= expr FOLLOWING */
-{ yylhsminor.yy119.eType = TK_FOLLOWING; yylhsminor.yy119.pExpr = yymsp[-1].minor.yy18; }
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy119 = yylhsminor.yy119;
+      case 317: /* frame_exclude ::= GROUP|TIES */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy58 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 304: /* window_clause ::= WINDOW windowdefn_list */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy327 = yymsp[0].minor.yy327; }
+      case 318: /* window_clause ::= WINDOW windowdefn_list */
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy303 = yymsp[0].minor.yy303; }
         break;
-      case 305: /* over_clause ::= filter_opt OVER window */
+      case 319: /* filter_over ::= filter_clause over_clause */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy327 = yymsp[0].minor.yy327;
-  assert( yylhsminor.yy327!=0 );
-  yylhsminor.yy327->pFilter = yymsp[-2].minor.yy18;
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy303->pFilter = yymsp[-1].minor.yy202;
+  yylhsminor.yy303 = yymsp[0].minor.yy303;
 }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy327 = yylhsminor.yy327;
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy303 = yylhsminor.yy303;
         break;
-      case 306: /* over_clause ::= filter_opt OVER nm */
+      case 321: /* filter_over ::= filter_clause */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy327 = (Window*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(Window));
-  if( yylhsminor.yy327 ){
-    yylhsminor.yy327->zName = sqlite3DbStrNDup(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n);
-    yylhsminor.yy327->pFilter = yymsp[-2].minor.yy18;
+  yylhsminor.yy303 = (Window*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(Window));
+  if( yylhsminor.yy303 ){
+    yylhsminor.yy303->eFrmType = TK_FILTER;
+    yylhsminor.yy303->pFilter = yymsp[0].minor.yy202;
   }else{
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy18);
+    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy202);
+  }
+}
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy303 = yylhsminor.yy303;
+        break;
+      case 322: /* over_clause ::= OVER LP window RP */
+{
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy303 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy303;
+  assert( yymsp[-3].minor.yy303!=0 );
+}
+        break;
+      case 323: /* over_clause ::= OVER nm */
+{
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy303 = (Window*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(Window));
+  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy303 ){
+    yymsp[-1].minor.yy303->zName = sqlite3DbStrNDup(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n);
   }
 }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy327 = yylhsminor.yy327;
         break;
-      case 308: /* filter_opt ::= FILTER LP WHERE expr RP */
-{ yymsp[-4].minor.yy18 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy18; }
+      case 324: /* filter_clause ::= FILTER LP WHERE expr RP */
+{ yymsp[-4].minor.yy202 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy202; }
         break;
       default:
-      /* (309) input ::= cmdlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==309);
-      /* (310) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */ yytestcase(yyruleno==310);
-      /* (311) cmdlist ::= ecmd (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=311);
-      /* (312) ecmd ::= SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==312);
-      /* (313) ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==313);
-      /* (314) ecmd ::= explain cmdx */ yytestcase(yyruleno==314);
-      /* (315) trans_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==315);
-      /* (316) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */ yytestcase(yyruleno==316);
-      /* (317) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==317);
-      /* (318) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==318);
-      /* (319) savepoint_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==319);
-      /* (320) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */ yytestcase(yyruleno==320);
-      /* (321) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==321);
-      /* (322) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==322);
-      /* (323) nm ::= ID|INDEXED */ yytestcase(yyruleno==323);
-      /* (324) nm ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==324);
-      /* (325) nm ::= JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==325);
-      /* (326) typetoken ::= typename */ yytestcase(yyruleno==326);
-      /* (327) typename ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==327);
-      /* (328) signed ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=328);
-      /* (329) signed ::= minus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=329);
-      /* (330) carglist ::= carglist ccons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==330);
-      /* (331) carglist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==331);
-      /* (332) ccons ::= NULL onconf */ yytestcase(yyruleno==332);
-      /* (333) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==333);
-      /* (334) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==334);
-      /* (335) conslist ::= tcons (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=335);
-      /* (336) tconscomma ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==336);
-      /* (337) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=337);
-      /* (338) resolvetype ::= raisetype (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=338);
-      /* (339) selectnowith ::= oneselect (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=339);
-      /* (340) oneselect ::= values */ yytestcase(yyruleno==340);
-      /* (341) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */ yytestcase(yyruleno==341);
-      /* (342) as ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==342);
-      /* (343) expr ::= term (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=343);
-      /* (344) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */ yytestcase(yyruleno==344);
-      /* (345) exprlist ::= nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==345);
-      /* (346) nmnum ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=346);
-      /* (347) nmnum ::= nm (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=347);
-      /* (348) nmnum ::= ON */ yytestcase(yyruleno==348);
-      /* (349) nmnum ::= DELETE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==349);
-      /* (350) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==350);
-      /* (351) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==351);
-      /* (352) foreach_clause ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==352);
-      /* (353) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==353);
-      /* (354) trnm ::= nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==354);
-      /* (355) tridxby ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==355);
-      /* (356) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==356);
-      /* (357) database_kw_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==357);
-      /* (358) kwcolumn_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==358);
-      /* (359) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==359);
-      /* (360) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==360);
-      /* (361) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==361);
-      /* (362) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */ yytestcase(yyruleno==362);
-      /* (363) anylist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==363);
-      /* (364) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==364);
-      /* (365) anylist ::= anylist ANY */ yytestcase(yyruleno==365);
-      /* (366) with ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==366);
+      /* (325) input ::= cmdlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==325);
+      /* (326) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */ yytestcase(yyruleno==326);
+      /* (327) cmdlist ::= ecmd (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=327);
+      /* (328) ecmd ::= SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==328);
+      /* (329) ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==329);
+      /* (330) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI (NEVER REDUCES) */ assert(yyruleno!=330);
+      /* (331) trans_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==331);
+      /* (332) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */ yytestcase(yyruleno==332);
+      /* (333) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==333);
+      /* (334) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==334);
+      /* (335) savepoint_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==335);
+      /* (336) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */ yytestcase(yyruleno==336);
+      /* (337) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==337);
+      /* (338) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==338);
+      /* (339) nm ::= ID|INDEXED */ yytestcase(yyruleno==339);
+      /* (340) nm ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==340);
+      /* (341) nm ::= JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==341);
+      /* (342) typetoken ::= typename */ yytestcase(yyruleno==342);
+      /* (343) typename ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==343);
+      /* (344) signed ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=344);
+      /* (345) signed ::= minus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=345);
+      /* (346) carglist ::= carglist ccons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==346);
+      /* (347) carglist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==347);
+      /* (348) ccons ::= NULL onconf */ yytestcase(yyruleno==348);
+      /* (349) ccons ::= GENERATED ALWAYS AS generated */ yytestcase(yyruleno==349);
+      /* (350) ccons ::= AS generated */ yytestcase(yyruleno==350);
+      /* (351) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==351);
+      /* (352) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==352);
+      /* (353) conslist ::= tcons (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=353);
+      /* (354) tconscomma ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==354);
+      /* (355) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=355);
+      /* (356) resolvetype ::= raisetype (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=356);
+      /* (357) selectnowith ::= oneselect (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=357);
+      /* (358) oneselect ::= values */ yytestcase(yyruleno==358);
+      /* (359) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */ yytestcase(yyruleno==359);
+      /* (360) as ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==360);
+      /* (361) expr ::= term (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=361);
+      /* (362) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */ yytestcase(yyruleno==362);
+      /* (363) exprlist ::= nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==363);
+      /* (364) nmnum ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=364);
+      /* (365) nmnum ::= nm (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=365);
+      /* (366) nmnum ::= ON */ yytestcase(yyruleno==366);
+      /* (367) nmnum ::= DELETE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==367);
+      /* (368) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==368);
+      /* (369) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==369);
+      /* (370) foreach_clause ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==370);
+      /* (371) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==371);
+      /* (372) trnm ::= nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==372);
+      /* (373) tridxby ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==373);
+      /* (374) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==374);
+      /* (375) database_kw_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==375);
+      /* (376) kwcolumn_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==376);
+      /* (377) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==377);
+      /* (378) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==378);
+      /* (379) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==379);
+      /* (380) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */ yytestcase(yyruleno==380);
+      /* (381) anylist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==381);
+      /* (382) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==382);
+      /* (383) anylist ::= anylist ANY */ yytestcase(yyruleno==383);
+      /* (384) with ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==384);
         break;
 /********** End reduce actions ************************************************/
   };
-  assert( yyruleno<sizeof(yyRuleInfo)/sizeof(yyRuleInfo[0]) );
-  yygoto = yyRuleInfo[yyruleno].lhs;
-  yysize = yyRuleInfo[yyruleno].nrhs;
+  assert( yyruleno<sizeof(yyRuleInfoLhs)/sizeof(yyRuleInfoLhs[0]) );
+  yygoto = yyRuleInfoLhs[yyruleno];
+  yysize = yyRuleInfoNRhs[yyruleno];
   yyact = yy_find_reduce_action(yymsp[yysize].stateno,(YYCODETYPE)yygoto);
 
   /* There are no SHIFTREDUCE actions on nonterminals because the table
@@ -150198,7 +159947,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Parser(
 #ifdef YYERRORSYMBOL
       /* A syntax error has occurred.
       ** The response to an error depends upon whether or not the
-      ** grammar defines an error token "ERROR".  
+      ** grammar defines an error token "ERROR".
       **
       ** This is what we do if the grammar does define ERROR:
       **
@@ -150230,10 +159979,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Parser(
         yymajor = YYNOCODE;
       }else{
         while( yypParser->yytos >= yypParser->yystack
-            && yymx != YYERRORSYMBOL
             && (yyact = yy_find_reduce_action(
                         yypParser->yytos->stateno,
-                        YYERRORSYMBOL)) >= YY_MIN_REDUCE
+                        YYERRORSYMBOL)) > YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE
         ){
           yy_pop_parser_stack(yypParser);
         }
@@ -150309,13 +160057,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Parser(
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParserFallback(int iToken){
 #ifdef YYFALLBACK
-  if( iToken<(int)(sizeof(yyFallback)/sizeof(yyFallback[0])) ){
-    return yyFallback[iToken];
-  }
+  assert( iToken<(int)(sizeof(yyFallback)/sizeof(yyFallback[0])) );
+  return yyFallback[iToken];
 #else
   (void)iToken;
-#endif
   return 0;
+#endif
 }
 
 /************** End of parse.c ***********************************************/
@@ -150424,7 +160171,7 @@ static const unsigned char aiClass[] = {
 ** lower-case ASCII equivalent.  On ASCII machines, this is just
 ** an upper-to-lower case map.  On EBCDIC machines we also need
 ** to adjust the encoding.  The mapping is only valid for alphabetics
-** which are the only characters for which this feature is used. 
+** which are the only characters for which this feature is used.
 **
 ** Used by keywordhash.h
 */
@@ -150456,7 +160203,7 @@ const unsigned char ebcdicToAscii[] = {
 
 /*
 ** The sqlite3KeywordCode function looks up an identifier to determine if
-** it is a keyword.  If it is a keyword, the token code of that keyword is 
+** it is a keyword.  If it is a keyword, the token code of that keyword is
 ** returned.  If the input is not a keyword, TK_ID is returned.
 **
 ** The implementation of this routine was generated by a program,
@@ -150480,145 +160227,279 @@ const unsigned char ebcdicToAscii[] = {
 ** is substantially reduced.  This is important for embedded applications
 ** on platforms with limited memory.
 */
-/* Hash score: 208 */
-/* zKWText[] encodes 923 bytes of keyword text in 614 bytes */
+/* Hash score: 227 */
+/* zKWText[] encodes 984 bytes of keyword text in 648 bytes */
 /*   REINDEXEDESCAPEACHECKEYBEFOREIGNOREGEXPLAINSTEADDATABASELECT       */
-/*   ABLEFTHENDEFERRABLELSEXCEPTRANSACTIONATURALTERAISEXCLUSIVE         */
-/*   XISTSAVEPOINTERSECTRIGGEREFERENCESCONSTRAINTOFFSETEMPORARY         */
-/*   UNIQUERYWITHOUTERELEASEATTACHAVINGROUPDATEBEGINNERANGEBETWEEN      */
-/*   OTHINGLOBYCASCADELETECASECOLLATECREATECURRENT_DATEDETACH           */
-/*   IMMEDIATEJOINSERTLIKEMATCHPLANALYZEPRAGMABORTVALUESVIRTUALIMIT     */
-/*   WHENOTNULLWHERECURSIVEAFTERENAMEANDEFAULTAUTOINCREMENTCAST         */
-/*   COLUMNCOMMITCONFLICTCROSSCURRENT_TIMESTAMPARTITIONDEFERRED         */
-/*   ISTINCTDROPRECEDINGFAILFILTEREPLACEFOLLOWINGFROMFULLIFISNULL       */
-/*   ORDERESTRICTOVERIGHTROLLBACKROWSUNBOUNDEDUNIONUSINGVACUUMVIEW      */
-/*   INDOWINITIALLYPRIMARY                                              */
-static const char zKWText[613] = {
+/*   ABLEFTHENDEFERRABLELSEXCLUDELETEMPORARYISNULLSAVEPOINTERSECT       */
+/*   IESNOTNULLIKEXCEPTRANSACTIONATURALTERAISEXCLUSIVEXISTS             */
+/*   CONSTRAINTOFFSETRIGGERANGENERATEDETACHAVINGLOBEGINNEREFERENCES     */
+/*   UNIQUERYWITHOUTERELEASEATTACHBETWEENOTHINGROUPSCASCADEFAULT        */
+/*   CASECOLLATECREATECURRENT_DATEIMMEDIATEJOINSERTMATCHPLANALYZE       */
+/*   PRAGMABORTUPDATEVALUESVIRTUALWAYSWHENWHERECURSIVEAFTERENAMEAND     */
+/*   EFERREDISTINCTAUTOINCREMENTCASTCOLUMNCOMMITCONFLICTCROSS           */
+/*   CURRENT_TIMESTAMPARTITIONDROPRECEDINGFAILASTFILTEREPLACEFIRST      */
+/*   FOLLOWINGFROMFULLIMITIFORDERESTRICTOTHERSOVERIGHTROLLBACKROWS      */
+/*   UNBOUNDEDUNIONUSINGVACUUMVIEWINDOWBYINITIALLYPRIMARY               */
+static const char zKWText[647] = {
   'R','E','I','N','D','E','X','E','D','E','S','C','A','P','E','A','C','H',
   'E','C','K','E','Y','B','E','F','O','R','E','I','G','N','O','R','E','G',
   'E','X','P','L','A','I','N','S','T','E','A','D','D','A','T','A','B','A',
   'S','E','L','E','C','T','A','B','L','E','F','T','H','E','N','D','E','F',
-  'E','R','R','A','B','L','E','L','S','E','X','C','E','P','T','R','A','N',
-  'S','A','C','T','I','O','N','A','T','U','R','A','L','T','E','R','A','I',
-  'S','E','X','C','L','U','S','I','V','E','X','I','S','T','S','A','V','E',
-  'P','O','I','N','T','E','R','S','E','C','T','R','I','G','G','E','R','E',
-  'F','E','R','E','N','C','E','S','C','O','N','S','T','R','A','I','N','T',
-  'O','F','F','S','E','T','E','M','P','O','R','A','R','Y','U','N','I','Q',
-  'U','E','R','Y','W','I','T','H','O','U','T','E','R','E','L','E','A','S',
-  'E','A','T','T','A','C','H','A','V','I','N','G','R','O','U','P','D','A',
-  'T','E','B','E','G','I','N','N','E','R','A','N','G','E','B','E','T','W',
-  'E','E','N','O','T','H','I','N','G','L','O','B','Y','C','A','S','C','A',
-  'D','E','L','E','T','E','C','A','S','E','C','O','L','L','A','T','E','C',
-  'R','E','A','T','E','C','U','R','R','E','N','T','_','D','A','T','E','D',
-  'E','T','A','C','H','I','M','M','E','D','I','A','T','E','J','O','I','N',
-  'S','E','R','T','L','I','K','E','M','A','T','C','H','P','L','A','N','A',
-  'L','Y','Z','E','P','R','A','G','M','A','B','O','R','T','V','A','L','U',
-  'E','S','V','I','R','T','U','A','L','I','M','I','T','W','H','E','N','O',
-  'T','N','U','L','L','W','H','E','R','E','C','U','R','S','I','V','E','A',
-  'F','T','E','R','E','N','A','M','E','A','N','D','E','F','A','U','L','T',
-  'A','U','T','O','I','N','C','R','E','M','E','N','T','C','A','S','T','C',
-  'O','L','U','M','N','C','O','M','M','I','T','C','O','N','F','L','I','C',
-  'T','C','R','O','S','S','C','U','R','R','E','N','T','_','T','I','M','E',
-  'S','T','A','M','P','A','R','T','I','T','I','O','N','D','E','F','E','R',
-  'R','E','D','I','S','T','I','N','C','T','D','R','O','P','R','E','C','E',
-  'D','I','N','G','F','A','I','L','F','I','L','T','E','R','E','P','L','A',
-  'C','E','F','O','L','L','O','W','I','N','G','F','R','O','M','F','U','L',
-  'L','I','F','I','S','N','U','L','L','O','R','D','E','R','E','S','T','R',
-  'I','C','T','O','V','E','R','I','G','H','T','R','O','L','L','B','A','C',
-  'K','R','O','W','S','U','N','B','O','U','N','D','E','D','U','N','I','O',
-  'N','U','S','I','N','G','V','A','C','U','U','M','V','I','E','W','I','N',
-  'D','O','W','I','N','I','T','I','A','L','L','Y','P','R','I','M','A','R',
-  'Y',
+  'E','R','R','A','B','L','E','L','S','E','X','C','L','U','D','E','L','E',
+  'T','E','M','P','O','R','A','R','Y','I','S','N','U','L','L','S','A','V',
+  'E','P','O','I','N','T','E','R','S','E','C','T','I','E','S','N','O','T',
+  'N','U','L','L','I','K','E','X','C','E','P','T','R','A','N','S','A','C',
+  'T','I','O','N','A','T','U','R','A','L','T','E','R','A','I','S','E','X',
+  'C','L','U','S','I','V','E','X','I','S','T','S','C','O','N','S','T','R',
+  'A','I','N','T','O','F','F','S','E','T','R','I','G','G','E','R','A','N',
+  'G','E','N','E','R','A','T','E','D','E','T','A','C','H','A','V','I','N',
+  'G','L','O','B','E','G','I','N','N','E','R','E','F','E','R','E','N','C',
+  'E','S','U','N','I','Q','U','E','R','Y','W','I','T','H','O','U','T','E',
+  'R','E','L','E','A','S','E','A','T','T','A','C','H','B','E','T','W','E',
+  'E','N','O','T','H','I','N','G','R','O','U','P','S','C','A','S','C','A',
+  'D','E','F','A','U','L','T','C','A','S','E','C','O','L','L','A','T','E',
+  'C','R','E','A','T','E','C','U','R','R','E','N','T','_','D','A','T','E',
+  'I','M','M','E','D','I','A','T','E','J','O','I','N','S','E','R','T','M',
+  'A','T','C','H','P','L','A','N','A','L','Y','Z','E','P','R','A','G','M',
+  'A','B','O','R','T','U','P','D','A','T','E','V','A','L','U','E','S','V',
+  'I','R','T','U','A','L','W','A','Y','S','W','H','E','N','W','H','E','R',
+  'E','C','U','R','S','I','V','E','A','F','T','E','R','E','N','A','M','E',
+  'A','N','D','E','F','E','R','R','E','D','I','S','T','I','N','C','T','A',
+  'U','T','O','I','N','C','R','E','M','E','N','T','C','A','S','T','C','O',
+  'L','U','M','N','C','O','M','M','I','T','C','O','N','F','L','I','C','T',
+  'C','R','O','S','S','C','U','R','R','E','N','T','_','T','I','M','E','S',
+  'T','A','M','P','A','R','T','I','T','I','O','N','D','R','O','P','R','E',
+  'C','E','D','I','N','G','F','A','I','L','A','S','T','F','I','L','T','E',
+  'R','E','P','L','A','C','E','F','I','R','S','T','F','O','L','L','O','W',
+  'I','N','G','F','R','O','M','F','U','L','L','I','M','I','T','I','F','O',
+  'R','D','E','R','E','S','T','R','I','C','T','O','T','H','E','R','S','O',
+  'V','E','R','I','G','H','T','R','O','L','L','B','A','C','K','R','O','W',
+  'S','U','N','B','O','U','N','D','E','D','U','N','I','O','N','U','S','I',
+  'N','G','V','A','C','U','U','M','V','I','E','W','I','N','D','O','W','B',
+  'Y','I','N','I','T','I','A','L','L','Y','P','R','I','M','A','R','Y',
 };
 /* aKWHash[i] is the hash value for the i-th keyword */
 static const unsigned char aKWHash[127] = {
-    74, 109, 124,  72, 106,  45,   0,   0,  81,   0,  76,  61,   0,
-    42,  12,  77,  15,   0, 123,  84,  54, 118, 125,  19,   0,   0,
-   130,   0, 128, 121,   0,  22,  96,   0,   9,   0,   0, 115,  69,
-     0,  67,   6,   0,  48,  93, 136,   0, 126, 104,   0,   0,  44,
-     0, 107,  24,   0,  17,   0, 131,  53,  23,   0,   5,  62, 132,
-    99,   0,   0, 135, 110,  60, 134,  57, 113,  55,   0,  94,   0,
-   103,  26,   0, 102,   0,   0,   0,  98,  95, 100, 105, 117,  14,
-    39, 116,   0,  80,   0, 133, 114,  92,  59,   0, 129,  79, 119,
-    86,  46,  83,   0,   0,  97,  40, 122, 120,   0, 127,   0,   0,
-    29,   0,  89,  87,  88,   0,  20,  85, 111,  56,
+    84, 102, 132,  82, 114,  29,   0,   0,  91,   0,  85,  72,   0,
+    53,  35,  86,  15,   0,  42,  94,  54, 126, 133,  19,   0,   0,
+   138,   0,  40, 128,   0,  22, 104,   0,   9,   0,   0, 122,  80,
+     0,  78,   6,   0,  65,  99, 145,   0, 134, 112,   0,   0,  48,
+     0, 100,  24,   0,  17,   0,  27,  70,  23,  26,   5,  60, 140,
+   107, 121,   0,  73, 101,  71, 143,  61, 119,  74,   0,  49,   0,
+    11,  41,   0, 110,   0,   0,   0, 106,  10, 108, 113, 124,  14,
+    50, 123,   0,  89,   0,  18, 120, 142,  56, 129, 137,  88,  83,
+    37,  30, 125,   0,   0, 105,  51, 130, 127,   0,  34,   0,   0,
+    44,   0,  95,  38,  39,   0,  20,  45, 116,  90,
 };
 /* aKWNext[] forms the hash collision chain.  If aKWHash[i]==0
 ** then the i-th keyword has no more hash collisions.  Otherwise,
 ** the next keyword with the same hash is aKWHash[i]-1. */
-static const unsigned char aKWNext[136] = {
-     0,   0,   0,   0,   4,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
-     0,   2,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  13,   0,   0,   0,   0,
-     0,   7,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
-     0,   0,   0,   0,  33,   0,  21,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  50,
-     0,  43,   3,  47,   0,   0,  32,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
-     0,   1,  64,   0,   0,  65,   0,  41,   0,  38,   0,   0,   0,
-     0,   0,  49,  75,   0,   0,  30,   0,  58,   0,   0,   0,  31,
-    63,  16,  34,  10,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  11,  70,
-    91,   0,   0,   8,   0, 108,   0, 101,  28,  52,  68,   0, 112,
-     0,  73,  51,   0,  90,  27,  37,   0,  71,  36,  82,   0,  35,
-    66,  25,  18,   0,   0,  78,
+static const unsigned char aKWNext[145] = {
+     0,   0,   0,   0,   4,   0,  43,   0,   0, 103, 111,   0,   0,
+     0,   2,   0,   0, 141,   0,   0,   0,  13,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+   139,   0,   0, 118,  52,   0,   0, 135,  12,   0,   0,  62,   0,
+   136,   0, 131,   0,   0,  36,   0,   0,  28,  77,   0,   0,   0,
+     0,  59,   0,  47,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+     0,  69,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, 144,   3,   0,  58,   0,   1,
+    75,   0,   0,   0,  31,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  64,  66,
+    63,   0,   0,   0,   0,  46,   0,  16,   0, 115,   0,   0,   0,
+     0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  81,  97,   0,   8,   0, 109,
+    21,   7,  67,   0,  79,  93, 117,   0,   0,  68,   0,   0,  96,
+     0,  55,   0,  76,   0,  92,  32,  33,  57,  25,   0,  98,   0,
+     0,  87,
 };
 /* aKWLen[i] is the length (in bytes) of the i-th keyword */
-static const unsigned char aKWLen[136] = {
+static const unsigned char aKWLen[145] = {
      7,   7,   5,   4,   6,   4,   5,   3,   6,   7,   3,   6,   6,
-     7,   7,   3,   8,   2,   6,   5,   4,   4,   3,  10,   4,   6,
-    11,   6,   2,   7,   5,   5,   9,   6,   9,   9,   7,  10,  10,
-     4,   6,   2,   3,   9,   4,   2,   6,   5,   7,   4,   5,   7,
-     6,   6,   5,   6,   5,   5,   5,   7,   7,   4,   2,   7,   3,
-     6,   4,   7,   6,  12,   6,   9,   4,   6,   4,   5,   4,   7,
-     6,   5,   6,   7,   5,   4,   7,   3,   2,   4,   5,   9,   5,
-     6,   3,   7,  13,   2,   2,   4,   6,   6,   8,   5,  17,  12,
-     7,   9,   8,   8,   2,   4,   9,   4,   6,   7,   9,   4,   4,
-     2,   6,   5,   8,   4,   5,   8,   4,   3,   9,   5,   5,   6,
-     4,   6,   2,   9,   3,   7,
+     7,   7,   3,   8,   2,   6,   5,   4,   4,   3,  10,   4,   7,
+     6,   9,   4,   2,   6,   5,   9,   9,   4,   7,   3,   2,   4,
+     4,   6,  11,   6,   2,   7,   5,   5,   9,   6,  10,   4,   6,
+     2,   3,   7,   5,   9,   6,   6,   4,   5,   5,  10,   6,   5,
+     7,   4,   5,   7,   6,   7,   7,   6,   5,   7,   3,   7,   4,
+     7,   6,  12,   9,   4,   6,   5,   4,   7,   6,   5,   6,   6,
+     7,   6,   4,   5,   9,   5,   6,   3,   8,   8,   2,  13,   2,
+     2,   4,   6,   6,   8,   5,  17,  12,   7,   9,   4,   9,   4,
+     4,   6,   7,   5,   9,   4,   4,   5,   2,   5,   8,   6,   4,
+     5,   8,   4,   3,   9,   5,   5,   6,   4,   6,   2,   2,   9,
+     3,   7,
 };
 /* aKWOffset[i] is the index into zKWText[] of the start of
 ** the text for the i-th keyword. */
-static const unsigned short int aKWOffset[136] = {
+static const unsigned short int aKWOffset[145] = {
      0,   2,   2,   8,   9,  14,  16,  20,  23,  25,  25,  29,  33,
     36,  41,  46,  48,  53,  54,  59,  62,  65,  67,  69,  78,  81,
-    86,  91,  95,  96, 101, 105, 109, 117, 122, 128, 136, 142, 152,
-   159, 162, 162, 165, 167, 167, 171, 176, 179, 184, 184, 188, 192,
-   199, 204, 209, 212, 218, 221, 225, 230, 236, 242, 245, 247, 248,
-   252, 258, 262, 269, 275, 287, 293, 302, 304, 310, 314, 319, 321,
-   328, 333, 338, 344, 350, 355, 358, 358, 358, 361, 365, 368, 377,
-   381, 387, 389, 396, 398, 400, 409, 413, 419, 425, 433, 438, 438,
-   438, 454, 463, 470, 471, 478, 481, 490, 494, 499, 506, 515, 519,
-   523, 525, 531, 535, 543, 546, 551, 559, 559, 563, 572, 577, 582,
-   588, 591, 594, 597, 602, 606,
+    86,  90,  90,  94,  99, 101, 105, 111, 119, 123, 123, 123, 126,
+   129, 132, 137, 142, 146, 147, 152, 156, 160, 168, 174, 181, 184,
+   184, 187, 189, 195, 198, 206, 211, 216, 219, 222, 226, 236, 239,
+   244, 244, 248, 252, 259, 265, 271, 277, 277, 283, 284, 288, 295,
+   299, 306, 312, 324, 333, 335, 341, 346, 348, 355, 360, 365, 371,
+   377, 382, 388, 392, 395, 404, 408, 414, 416, 423, 424, 431, 433,
+   435, 444, 448, 454, 460, 468, 473, 473, 473, 489, 498, 501, 510,
+   513, 517, 522, 529, 534, 543, 547, 550, 555, 557, 561, 569, 575,
+   578, 583, 591, 591, 595, 604, 609, 614, 620, 623, 626, 629, 631,
+   636, 640,
 };
 /* aKWCode[i] is the parser symbol code for the i-th keyword */
-static const unsigned char aKWCode[136] = {
-  TK_REINDEX,    TK_INDEXED,    TK_INDEX,      TK_DESC,       TK_ESCAPE,     
-  TK_EACH,       TK_CHECK,      TK_KEY,        TK_BEFORE,     TK_FOREIGN,    
-  TK_FOR,        TK_IGNORE,     TK_LIKE_KW,    TK_EXPLAIN,    TK_INSTEAD,    
-  TK_ADD,        TK_DATABASE,   TK_AS,         TK_SELECT,     TK_TABLE,      
-  TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_THEN,       TK_END,        TK_DEFERRABLE, TK_ELSE,       
-  TK_EXCEPT,     TK_TRANSACTION,TK_ACTION,     TK_ON,         TK_JOIN_KW,    
-  TK_ALTER,      TK_RAISE,      TK_EXCLUSIVE,  TK_EXISTS,     TK_SAVEPOINT,  
-  TK_INTERSECT,  TK_TRIGGER,    TK_REFERENCES, TK_CONSTRAINT, TK_INTO,       
-  TK_OFFSET,     TK_OF,         TK_SET,        TK_TEMP,       TK_TEMP,       
-  TK_OR,         TK_UNIQUE,     TK_QUERY,      TK_WITHOUT,    TK_WITH,       
-  TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_RELEASE,    TK_ATTACH,     TK_HAVING,     TK_GROUP,      
-  TK_UPDATE,     TK_BEGIN,      TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_RANGE,      TK_BETWEEN,    
-  TK_NOTHING,    TK_LIKE_KW,    TK_BY,         TK_CASCADE,    TK_ASC,        
-  TK_DELETE,     TK_CASE,       TK_COLLATE,    TK_CREATE,     TK_CTIME_KW,   
-  TK_DETACH,     TK_IMMEDIATE,  TK_JOIN,       TK_INSERT,     TK_LIKE_KW,    
-  TK_MATCH,      TK_PLAN,       TK_ANALYZE,    TK_PRAGMA,     TK_ABORT,      
-  TK_VALUES,     TK_VIRTUAL,    TK_LIMIT,      TK_WHEN,       TK_NOTNULL,    
-  TK_NOT,        TK_NO,         TK_NULL,       TK_WHERE,      TK_RECURSIVE,  
-  TK_AFTER,      TK_RENAME,     TK_AND,        TK_DEFAULT,    TK_AUTOINCR,   
-  TK_TO,         TK_IN,         TK_CAST,       TK_COLUMNKW,   TK_COMMIT,     
-  TK_CONFLICT,   TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_CURRENT,    
-  TK_PARTITION,  TK_DEFERRED,   TK_DISTINCT,   TK_IS,         TK_DROP,       
-  TK_PRECEDING,  TK_FAIL,       TK_FILTER,     TK_REPLACE,    TK_FOLLOWING,  
-  TK_FROM,       TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_IF,         TK_ISNULL,     TK_ORDER,      
-  TK_RESTRICT,   TK_OVER,       TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_ROLLBACK,   TK_ROWS,       
-  TK_ROW,        TK_UNBOUNDED,  TK_UNION,      TK_USING,      TK_VACUUM,     
-  TK_VIEW,       TK_WINDOW,     TK_DO,         TK_INITIALLY,  TK_ALL,        
-  TK_PRIMARY,    
+static const unsigned char aKWCode[145] = {
+  TK_REINDEX,    TK_INDEXED,    TK_INDEX,      TK_DESC,       TK_ESCAPE,
+  TK_EACH,       TK_CHECK,      TK_KEY,        TK_BEFORE,     TK_FOREIGN,
+  TK_FOR,        TK_IGNORE,     TK_LIKE_KW,    TK_EXPLAIN,    TK_INSTEAD,
+  TK_ADD,        TK_DATABASE,   TK_AS,         TK_SELECT,     TK_TABLE,
+  TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_THEN,       TK_END,        TK_DEFERRABLE, TK_ELSE,
+  TK_EXCLUDE,    TK_DELETE,     TK_TEMP,       TK_TEMP,       TK_OR,
+  TK_ISNULL,     TK_NULLS,      TK_SAVEPOINT,  TK_INTERSECT,  TK_TIES,
+  TK_NOTNULL,    TK_NOT,        TK_NO,         TK_NULL,       TK_LIKE_KW,
+  TK_EXCEPT,     TK_TRANSACTION,TK_ACTION,     TK_ON,         TK_JOIN_KW,
+  TK_ALTER,      TK_RAISE,      TK_EXCLUSIVE,  TK_EXISTS,     TK_CONSTRAINT,
+  TK_INTO,       TK_OFFSET,     TK_OF,         TK_SET,        TK_TRIGGER,
+  TK_RANGE,      TK_GENERATED,  TK_DETACH,     TK_HAVING,     TK_LIKE_KW,
+  TK_BEGIN,      TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_REFERENCES, TK_UNIQUE,     TK_QUERY,
+  TK_WITHOUT,    TK_WITH,       TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_RELEASE,    TK_ATTACH,
+  TK_BETWEEN,    TK_NOTHING,    TK_GROUPS,     TK_GROUP,      TK_CASCADE,
+  TK_ASC,        TK_DEFAULT,    TK_CASE,       TK_COLLATE,    TK_CREATE,
+  TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_IMMEDIATE,  TK_JOIN,       TK_INSERT,     TK_MATCH,
+  TK_PLAN,       TK_ANALYZE,    TK_PRAGMA,     TK_ABORT,      TK_UPDATE,
+  TK_VALUES,     TK_VIRTUAL,    TK_ALWAYS,     TK_WHEN,       TK_WHERE,
+  TK_RECURSIVE,  TK_AFTER,      TK_RENAME,     TK_AND,        TK_DEFERRED,
+  TK_DISTINCT,   TK_IS,         TK_AUTOINCR,   TK_TO,         TK_IN,
+  TK_CAST,       TK_COLUMNKW,   TK_COMMIT,     TK_CONFLICT,   TK_JOIN_KW,
+  TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_CURRENT,    TK_PARTITION,  TK_DROP,
+  TK_PRECEDING,  TK_FAIL,       TK_LAST,       TK_FILTER,     TK_REPLACE,
+  TK_FIRST,      TK_FOLLOWING,  TK_FROM,       TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_LIMIT,
+  TK_IF,         TK_ORDER,      TK_RESTRICT,   TK_OTHERS,     TK_OVER,
+  TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_ROLLBACK,   TK_ROWS,       TK_ROW,        TK_UNBOUNDED,
+  TK_UNION,      TK_USING,      TK_VACUUM,     TK_VIEW,       TK_WINDOW,
+  TK_DO,         TK_BY,         TK_INITIALLY,  TK_ALL,        TK_PRIMARY,
 };
+/* Hash table decoded:
+**   0: INSERT
+**   1: IS
+**   2: ROLLBACK TRIGGER
+**   3: IMMEDIATE
+**   4: PARTITION
+**   5: TEMP
+**   6:
+**   7:
+**   8: VALUES WITHOUT
+**   9:
+**  10: MATCH
+**  11: NOTHING
+**  12:
+**  13: OF
+**  14: TIES IGNORE
+**  15: PLAN
+**  16: INSTEAD INDEXED
+**  17:
+**  18: TRANSACTION RIGHT
+**  19: WHEN
+**  20: SET HAVING
+**  21: IF
+**  22: ROWS
+**  23: SELECT
+**  24:
+**  25:
+**  26: VACUUM SAVEPOINT
+**  27:
+**  28: LIKE UNION VIRTUAL REFERENCES
+**  29: RESTRICT
+**  30:
+**  31: THEN REGEXP
+**  32: TO
+**  33:
+**  34: BEFORE
+**  35:
+**  36:
+**  37: FOLLOWING COLLATE CASCADE
+**  38: CREATE
+**  39:
+**  40: CASE REINDEX
+**  41: EACH
+**  42:
+**  43: QUERY
+**  44: AND ADD
+**  45: PRIMARY ANALYZE
+**  46:
+**  47: ROW ASC DETACH
+**  48: CURRENT_TIME CURRENT_DATE
+**  49:
+**  50:
+**  51: EXCLUSIVE TEMPORARY
+**  52:
+**  53: DEFERRED
+**  54: DEFERRABLE
+**  55:
+**  56: DATABASE
+**  57:
+**  58: DELETE VIEW GENERATED
+**  59: ATTACH
+**  60: END
+**  61: EXCLUDE
+**  62: ESCAPE DESC
+**  63: GLOB
+**  64: WINDOW ELSE
+**  65: COLUMN
+**  66: FIRST
+**  67:
+**  68: GROUPS ALL
+**  69: DISTINCT DROP KEY
+**  70: BETWEEN
+**  71: INITIALLY
+**  72: BEGIN
+**  73: FILTER CHECK ACTION
+**  74: GROUP INDEX
+**  75:
+**  76: EXISTS DEFAULT
+**  77:
+**  78: FOR CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+**  79: EXCEPT
+**  80:
+**  81: CROSS
+**  82:
+**  83:
+**  84:
+**  85: CAST
+**  86: FOREIGN AUTOINCREMENT
+**  87: COMMIT
+**  88: CURRENT AFTER ALTER
+**  89: FULL FAIL CONFLICT
+**  90: EXPLAIN
+**  91: CONSTRAINT
+**  92: FROM ALWAYS
+**  93:
+**  94: ABORT
+**  95:
+**  96: AS DO
+**  97: REPLACE WITH RELEASE
+**  98: BY RENAME
+**  99: RANGE RAISE
+** 100: OTHERS
+** 101: USING NULLS
+** 102: PRAGMA
+** 103: JOIN ISNULL OFFSET
+** 104: NOT
+** 105: OR LAST LEFT
+** 106: LIMIT
+** 107:
+** 108:
+** 109: IN
+** 110: INTO
+** 111: OVER RECURSIVE
+** 112: ORDER OUTER
+** 113:
+** 114: INTERSECT UNBOUNDED
+** 115:
+** 116:
+** 117: ON
+** 118:
+** 119: WHERE
+** 120: NO INNER
+** 121: NULL
+** 122:
+** 123: TABLE
+** 124: NATURAL NOTNULL
+** 125: PRECEDING
+** 126: UPDATE UNIQUE
+*/
 /* Check to see if z[0..n-1] is a keyword. If it is, write the
 ** parser symbol code for that keyword into *pType.  Always
 ** return the integer n (the length of the token). */
@@ -150629,12 +160510,17 @@ static int keywordCode(const char *z, int n, int *pType){
     i = ((charMap(z[0])*4) ^ (charMap(z[n-1])*3) ^ n) % 127;
     for(i=((int)aKWHash[i])-1; i>=0; i=((int)aKWNext[i])-1){
       if( aKWLen[i]!=n ) continue;
-      j = 0;
       zKW = &zKWText[aKWOffset[i]];
 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
+      if( (z[0]&~0x20)!=zKW[0] ) continue;
+      if( (z[1]&~0x20)!=zKW[1] ) continue;
+      j = 2;
       while( j<n && (z[j]&~0x20)==zKW[j] ){ j++; }
 #endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
+      if( toupper(z[0])!=zKW[0] ) continue;
+      if( toupper(z[1])!=zKW[1] ) continue;
+      j = 2;
       while( j<n && toupper(z[j])==zKW[j] ){ j++; }
 #endif
       if( j<n ) continue;
@@ -150663,117 +160549,126 @@ static int keywordCode(const char *z, int n, int *pType){
       testcase( i==22 ); /* END */
       testcase( i==23 ); /* DEFERRABLE */
       testcase( i==24 ); /* ELSE */
-      testcase( i==25 ); /* EXCEPT */
-      testcase( i==26 ); /* TRANSACTION */
-      testcase( i==27 ); /* ACTION */
-      testcase( i==28 ); /* ON */
-      testcase( i==29 ); /* NATURAL */
-      testcase( i==30 ); /* ALTER */
-      testcase( i==31 ); /* RAISE */
-      testcase( i==32 ); /* EXCLUSIVE */
-      testcase( i==33 ); /* EXISTS */
-      testcase( i==34 ); /* SAVEPOINT */
-      testcase( i==35 ); /* INTERSECT */
-      testcase( i==36 ); /* TRIGGER */
-      testcase( i==37 ); /* REFERENCES */
-      testcase( i==38 ); /* CONSTRAINT */
-      testcase( i==39 ); /* INTO */
-      testcase( i==40 ); /* OFFSET */
-      testcase( i==41 ); /* OF */
-      testcase( i==42 ); /* SET */
-      testcase( i==43 ); /* TEMPORARY */
-      testcase( i==44 ); /* TEMP */
-      testcase( i==45 ); /* OR */
-      testcase( i==46 ); /* UNIQUE */
-      testcase( i==47 ); /* QUERY */
-      testcase( i==48 ); /* WITHOUT */
-      testcase( i==49 ); /* WITH */
-      testcase( i==50 ); /* OUTER */
-      testcase( i==51 ); /* RELEASE */
-      testcase( i==52 ); /* ATTACH */
-      testcase( i==53 ); /* HAVING */
-      testcase( i==54 ); /* GROUP */
-      testcase( i==55 ); /* UPDATE */
-      testcase( i==56 ); /* BEGIN */
-      testcase( i==57 ); /* INNER */
-      testcase( i==58 ); /* RANGE */
-      testcase( i==59 ); /* BETWEEN */
-      testcase( i==60 ); /* NOTHING */
-      testcase( i==61 ); /* GLOB */
-      testcase( i==62 ); /* BY */
-      testcase( i==63 ); /* CASCADE */
-      testcase( i==64 ); /* ASC */
-      testcase( i==65 ); /* DELETE */
-      testcase( i==66 ); /* CASE */
-      testcase( i==67 ); /* COLLATE */
-      testcase( i==68 ); /* CREATE */
-      testcase( i==69 ); /* CURRENT_DATE */
-      testcase( i==70 ); /* DETACH */
-      testcase( i==71 ); /* IMMEDIATE */
-      testcase( i==72 ); /* JOIN */
-      testcase( i==73 ); /* INSERT */
-      testcase( i==74 ); /* LIKE */
-      testcase( i==75 ); /* MATCH */
-      testcase( i==76 ); /* PLAN */
-      testcase( i==77 ); /* ANALYZE */
-      testcase( i==78 ); /* PRAGMA */
-      testcase( i==79 ); /* ABORT */
-      testcase( i==80 ); /* VALUES */
-      testcase( i==81 ); /* VIRTUAL */
-      testcase( i==82 ); /* LIMIT */
-      testcase( i==83 ); /* WHEN */
-      testcase( i==84 ); /* NOTNULL */
-      testcase( i==85 ); /* NOT */
-      testcase( i==86 ); /* NO */
-      testcase( i==87 ); /* NULL */
-      testcase( i==88 ); /* WHERE */
-      testcase( i==89 ); /* RECURSIVE */
-      testcase( i==90 ); /* AFTER */
-      testcase( i==91 ); /* RENAME */
-      testcase( i==92 ); /* AND */
-      testcase( i==93 ); /* DEFAULT */
-      testcase( i==94 ); /* AUTOINCREMENT */
-      testcase( i==95 ); /* TO */
-      testcase( i==96 ); /* IN */
-      testcase( i==97 ); /* CAST */
-      testcase( i==98 ); /* COLUMN */
-      testcase( i==99 ); /* COMMIT */
-      testcase( i==100 ); /* CONFLICT */
-      testcase( i==101 ); /* CROSS */
-      testcase( i==102 ); /* CURRENT_TIMESTAMP */
-      testcase( i==103 ); /* CURRENT_TIME */
-      testcase( i==104 ); /* CURRENT */
-      testcase( i==105 ); /* PARTITION */
-      testcase( i==106 ); /* DEFERRED */
-      testcase( i==107 ); /* DISTINCT */
-      testcase( i==108 ); /* IS */
-      testcase( i==109 ); /* DROP */
-      testcase( i==110 ); /* PRECEDING */
-      testcase( i==111 ); /* FAIL */
-      testcase( i==112 ); /* FILTER */
-      testcase( i==113 ); /* REPLACE */
-      testcase( i==114 ); /* FOLLOWING */
-      testcase( i==115 ); /* FROM */
-      testcase( i==116 ); /* FULL */
-      testcase( i==117 ); /* IF */
-      testcase( i==118 ); /* ISNULL */
-      testcase( i==119 ); /* ORDER */
-      testcase( i==120 ); /* RESTRICT */
-      testcase( i==121 ); /* OVER */
-      testcase( i==122 ); /* RIGHT */
-      testcase( i==123 ); /* ROLLBACK */
-      testcase( i==124 ); /* ROWS */
-      testcase( i==125 ); /* ROW */
-      testcase( i==126 ); /* UNBOUNDED */
-      testcase( i==127 ); /* UNION */
-      testcase( i==128 ); /* USING */
-      testcase( i==129 ); /* VACUUM */
-      testcase( i==130 ); /* VIEW */
-      testcase( i==131 ); /* WINDOW */
-      testcase( i==132 ); /* DO */
-      testcase( i==133 ); /* INITIALLY */
-      testcase( i==134 ); /* ALL */
-      testcase( i==135 ); /* PRIMARY */
+      testcase( i==25 ); /* EXCLUDE */
+      testcase( i==26 ); /* DELETE */
+      testcase( i==27 ); /* TEMPORARY */
+      testcase( i==28 ); /* TEMP */
+      testcase( i==29 ); /* OR */
+      testcase( i==30 ); /* ISNULL */
+      testcase( i==31 ); /* NULLS */
+      testcase( i==32 ); /* SAVEPOINT */
+      testcase( i==33 ); /* INTERSECT */
+      testcase( i==34 ); /* TIES */
+      testcase( i==35 ); /* NOTNULL */
+      testcase( i==36 ); /* NOT */
+      testcase( i==37 ); /* NO */
+      testcase( i==38 ); /* NULL */
+      testcase( i==39 ); /* LIKE */
+      testcase( i==40 ); /* EXCEPT */
+      testcase( i==41 ); /* TRANSACTION */
+      testcase( i==42 ); /* ACTION */
+      testcase( i==43 ); /* ON */
+      testcase( i==44 ); /* NATURAL */
+      testcase( i==45 ); /* ALTER */
+      testcase( i==46 ); /* RAISE */
+      testcase( i==47 ); /* EXCLUSIVE */
+      testcase( i==48 ); /* EXISTS */
+      testcase( i==49 ); /* CONSTRAINT */
+      testcase( i==50 ); /* INTO */
+      testcase( i==51 ); /* OFFSET */
+      testcase( i==52 ); /* OF */
+      testcase( i==53 ); /* SET */
+      testcase( i==54 ); /* TRIGGER */
+      testcase( i==55 ); /* RANGE */
+      testcase( i==56 ); /* GENERATED */
+      testcase( i==57 ); /* DETACH */
+      testcase( i==58 ); /* HAVING */
+      testcase( i==59 ); /* GLOB */
+      testcase( i==60 ); /* BEGIN */
+      testcase( i==61 ); /* INNER */
+      testcase( i==62 ); /* REFERENCES */
+      testcase( i==63 ); /* UNIQUE */
+      testcase( i==64 ); /* QUERY */
+      testcase( i==65 ); /* WITHOUT */
+      testcase( i==66 ); /* WITH */
+      testcase( i==67 ); /* OUTER */
+      testcase( i==68 ); /* RELEASE */
+      testcase( i==69 ); /* ATTACH */
+      testcase( i==70 ); /* BETWEEN */
+      testcase( i==71 ); /* NOTHING */
+      testcase( i==72 ); /* GROUPS */
+      testcase( i==73 ); /* GROUP */
+      testcase( i==74 ); /* CASCADE */
+      testcase( i==75 ); /* ASC */
+      testcase( i==76 ); /* DEFAULT */
+      testcase( i==77 ); /* CASE */
+      testcase( i==78 ); /* COLLATE */
+      testcase( i==79 ); /* CREATE */
+      testcase( i==80 ); /* CURRENT_DATE */
+      testcase( i==81 ); /* IMMEDIATE */
+      testcase( i==82 ); /* JOIN */
+      testcase( i==83 ); /* INSERT */
+      testcase( i==84 ); /* MATCH */
+      testcase( i==85 ); /* PLAN */
+      testcase( i==86 ); /* ANALYZE */
+      testcase( i==87 ); /* PRAGMA */
+      testcase( i==88 ); /* ABORT */
+      testcase( i==89 ); /* UPDATE */
+      testcase( i==90 ); /* VALUES */
+      testcase( i==91 ); /* VIRTUAL */
+      testcase( i==92 ); /* ALWAYS */
+      testcase( i==93 ); /* WHEN */
+      testcase( i==94 ); /* WHERE */
+      testcase( i==95 ); /* RECURSIVE */
+      testcase( i==96 ); /* AFTER */
+      testcase( i==97 ); /* RENAME */
+      testcase( i==98 ); /* AND */
+      testcase( i==99 ); /* DEFERRED */
+      testcase( i==100 ); /* DISTINCT */
+      testcase( i==101 ); /* IS */
+      testcase( i==102 ); /* AUTOINCREMENT */
+      testcase( i==103 ); /* TO */
+      testcase( i==104 ); /* IN */
+      testcase( i==105 ); /* CAST */
+      testcase( i==106 ); /* COLUMN */
+      testcase( i==107 ); /* COMMIT */
+      testcase( i==108 ); /* CONFLICT */
+      testcase( i==109 ); /* CROSS */
+      testcase( i==110 ); /* CURRENT_TIMESTAMP */
+      testcase( i==111 ); /* CURRENT_TIME */
+      testcase( i==112 ); /* CURRENT */
+      testcase( i==113 ); /* PARTITION */
+      testcase( i==114 ); /* DROP */
+      testcase( i==115 ); /* PRECEDING */
+      testcase( i==116 ); /* FAIL */
+      testcase( i==117 ); /* LAST */
+      testcase( i==118 ); /* FILTER */
+      testcase( i==119 ); /* REPLACE */
+      testcase( i==120 ); /* FIRST */
+      testcase( i==121 ); /* FOLLOWING */
+      testcase( i==122 ); /* FROM */
+      testcase( i==123 ); /* FULL */
+      testcase( i==124 ); /* LIMIT */
+      testcase( i==125 ); /* IF */
+      testcase( i==126 ); /* ORDER */
+      testcase( i==127 ); /* RESTRICT */
+      testcase( i==128 ); /* OTHERS */
+      testcase( i==129 ); /* OVER */
+      testcase( i==130 ); /* RIGHT */
+      testcase( i==131 ); /* ROLLBACK */
+      testcase( i==132 ); /* ROWS */
+      testcase( i==133 ); /* ROW */
+      testcase( i==134 ); /* UNBOUNDED */
+      testcase( i==135 ); /* UNION */
+      testcase( i==136 ); /* USING */
+      testcase( i==137 ); /* VACUUM */
+      testcase( i==138 ); /* VIEW */
+      testcase( i==139 ); /* WINDOW */
+      testcase( i==140 ); /* DO */
+      testcase( i==141 ); /* BY */
+      testcase( i==142 ); /* INITIALLY */
+      testcase( i==143 ); /* ALL */
+      testcase( i==144 ); /* PRIMARY */
       *pType = aKWCode[i];
       break;
     }
@@ -150785,7 +160680,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char *z, int n){
   keywordCode((char*)z, n, &id);
   return id;
 }
-#define SQLITE_N_KEYWORD 136
+#define SQLITE_N_KEYWORD 145
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_keyword_name(int i,const char **pzName,int *pnName){
   if( i<0 || i>=SQLITE_N_KEYWORD ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
   *pzName = zKWText + aKWOffset[i];
@@ -150806,14 +160701,14 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char *zName, int nName){
 ** IdChar(X) will be true.  Otherwise it is false.
 **
 ** For ASCII, any character with the high-order bit set is
-** allowed in an identifier.  For 7-bit characters, 
+** allowed in an identifier.  For 7-bit characters,
 ** sqlite3IsIdChar[X] must be 1.
 **
 ** For EBCDIC, the rules are more complex but have the same
 ** end result.
 **
 ** Ticket #1066.  the SQL standard does not allow '$' in the
-** middle of identifiers.  But many SQL implementations do. 
+** middle of identifiers.  But many SQL implementations do.
 ** SQLite will allow '$' in identifiers for compatibility.
 ** But the feature is undocumented.
 */
@@ -150853,12 +160748,12 @@ static int getToken(const unsigned char **pz){
   do {
     z += sqlite3GetToken(z, &t);
   }while( t==TK_SPACE );
-  if( t==TK_ID 
-   || t==TK_STRING 
-   || t==TK_JOIN_KW 
-   || t==TK_WINDOW 
-   || t==TK_OVER 
-   || sqlite3ParserFallback(t)==TK_ID 
+  if( t==TK_ID
+   || t==TK_STRING
+   || t==TK_JOIN_KW
+   || t==TK_WINDOW
+   || t==TK_OVER
+   || sqlite3ParserFallback(t)==TK_ID
   ){
     t = TK_ID;
   }
@@ -150875,8 +160770,8 @@ static int getToken(const unsigned char **pz){
 **
 **   SELECT sum(x) OVER ...
 **
-** In the above, "OVER" might be a keyword, or it might be an alias for the 
-** sum(x) expression. If a "%fallback ID OVER" directive were added to 
+** In the above, "OVER" might be a keyword, or it might be an alias for the
+** sum(x) expression. If a "%fallback ID OVER" directive were added to
 ** grammar, then SQLite would always treat "OVER" as an alias, making it
 ** impossible to call a window-function without a FILTER clause.
 **
@@ -150920,7 +160815,7 @@ static int analyzeFilterKeyword(const unsigned char *z, int lastToken){
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC */
 
 /*
-** Return the length (in bytes) of the token that begins at z[0]. 
+** Return the length (in bytes) of the token that begins at z[0].
 ** Store the token type in *tokenType before returning.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *z, int *tokenType){
@@ -151077,6 +160972,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *z, int *tokenType){
       }
       /* If the next character is a digit, this is a floating point
       ** number that begins with ".".  Fall thru into the next case */
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     }
     case CC_DIGIT: {
       testcase( z[0]=='0' );  testcase( z[0]=='1' );  testcase( z[0]=='2' );
@@ -151098,7 +160994,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *z, int *tokenType){
         *tokenType = TK_FLOAT;
       }
       if( (z[i]=='e' || z[i]=='E') &&
-           ( sqlite3Isdigit(z[i+1]) 
+           ( sqlite3Isdigit(z[i+1])
             || ((z[i+1]=='+' || z[i+1]=='-') && sqlite3Isdigit(z[i+2]))
            )
       ){
@@ -151181,6 +161077,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *z, int *tokenType){
 #endif
       /* If it is not a BLOB literal, then it must be an ID, since no
       ** SQL keywords start with the letter 'x'.  Fall through */
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     }
     case CC_ID: {
       i = 1;
@@ -151203,7 +161100,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *z, int *tokenType){
 /*
 ** Run the parser on the given SQL string.  The parser structure is
 ** passed in.  An SQLITE_ status code is returned.  If an error occurs
-** then an and attempt is made to write an error message into 
+** then an and attempt is made to write an error message into
 ** memory obtained from sqlite3_malloc() and to make *pzErrMsg point to that
 ** error message.
 */
@@ -151218,16 +161115,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunParser(Parse *pParse, const char *zSql, char **pzEr
 #ifdef sqlite3Parser_ENGINEALWAYSONSTACK
   yyParser sEngine;    /* Space to hold the Lemon-generated Parser object */
 #endif
+  VVA_ONLY( u8 startedWithOom = db->mallocFailed );
 
   assert( zSql!=0 );
   mxSqlLen = db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH];
   if( db->nVdbeActive==0 ){
-    db->u1.isInterrupted = 0;
+    AtomicStore(&db->u1.isInterrupted, 0);
   }
   pParse->rc = SQLITE_OK;
   pParse->zTail = zSql;
   assert( pzErrMsg!=0 );
-  /* sqlite3ParserTrace(stdout, "parser: "); */
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  if( db->flags & SQLITE_ParserTrace ){
+    printf("parser: [[[%s]]]\n", zSql);
+    sqlite3ParserTrace(stdout, "parser: ");
+  }else{
+    sqlite3ParserTrace(0, 0);
+  }
+#endif
 #ifdef sqlite3Parser_ENGINEALWAYSONSTACK
   pEngine = &sEngine;
   sqlite3ParserInit(pEngine, pParse);
@@ -151242,6 +161147,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunParser(Parse *pParse, const char *zSql, char **pzEr
   assert( pParse->pNewTrigger==0 );
   assert( pParse->nVar==0 );
   assert( pParse->pVList==0 );
+  pParse->pParentParse = db->pParse;
+  db->pParse = pParse;
   while( 1 ){
     n = sqlite3GetToken((u8*)zSql, &tokenType);
     mxSqlLen -= n;
@@ -151252,13 +161159,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunParser(Parse *pParse, const char *zSql, char **pzEr
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
     if( tokenType>=TK_WINDOW ){
       assert( tokenType==TK_SPACE || tokenType==TK_OVER || tokenType==TK_FILTER
-           || tokenType==TK_ILLEGAL || tokenType==TK_WINDOW 
+           || tokenType==TK_ILLEGAL || tokenType==TK_WINDOW
       );
 #else
     if( tokenType>=TK_SPACE ){
       assert( tokenType==TK_SPACE || tokenType==TK_ILLEGAL );
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC */
-      if( db->u1.isInterrupted ){
+      if( AtomicLoad(&db->u1.isInterrupted) ){
         pParse->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
         break;
       }
@@ -151298,7 +161205,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunParser(Parse *pParse, const char *zSql, char **pzEr
     sqlite3Parser(pEngine, tokenType, pParse->sLastToken);
     lastTokenParsed = tokenType;
     zSql += n;
-    if( pParse->rc!=SQLITE_OK || db->mallocFailed ) break;
+    assert( db->mallocFailed==0 || pParse->rc!=SQLITE_OK || startedWithOom );
+    if( pParse->rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
   }
   assert( nErr==0 );
 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
@@ -151322,7 +161230,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunParser(Parse *pParse, const char *zSql, char **pzEr
   assert( pzErrMsg!=0 );
   if( pParse->zErrMsg ){
     *pzErrMsg = pParse->zErrMsg;
-    sqlite3_log(pParse->rc, "%s in \"%s\"", 
+    sqlite3_log(pParse->rc, "%s in \"%s\"",
                 *pzErrMsg, pParse->zTail);
     pParse->zErrMsg = 0;
     nErr++;
@@ -151344,7 +161252,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunParser(Parse *pParse, const char *zSql, char **pzEr
 #endif
 
   if( !IN_SPECIAL_PARSE ){
-    /* If the pParse->declareVtab flag is set, do not delete any table 
+    /* If the pParse->declareVtab flag is set, do not delete any table
     ** structure built up in pParse->pNewTable. The calling code (see vtab.c)
     ** will take responsibility for freeing the Table structure.
     */
@@ -151366,10 +161274,147 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunParser(Parse *pParse, const char *zSql, char **pzEr
     pParse->pZombieTab = p->pNextZombie;
     sqlite3DeleteTable(db, p);
   }
+  db->pParse = pParse->pParentParse;
+  pParse->pParentParse = 0;
   assert( nErr==0 || pParse->rc!=SQLITE_OK );
   return nErr;
 }
 
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
+/*
+** Insert a single space character into pStr if the current string
+** ends with an identifier
+*/
+static void addSpaceSeparator(sqlite3_str *pStr){
+  if( pStr->nChar && sqlite3IsIdChar(pStr->zText[pStr->nChar-1]) ){
+    sqlite3_str_append(pStr, " ", 1);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Compute a normalization of the SQL given by zSql[0..nSql-1].  Return
+** the normalization in space obtained from sqlite3DbMalloc().  Or return
+** NULL if anything goes wrong or if zSql is NULL.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3Normalize(
+  Vdbe *pVdbe,       /* VM being reprepared */
+  const char *zSql   /* The original SQL string */
+){
+  sqlite3 *db;       /* The database connection */
+  int i;             /* Next unread byte of zSql[] */
+  int n;             /* length of current token */
+  int tokenType;     /* type of current token */
+  int prevType = 0;  /* Previous non-whitespace token */
+  int nParen;        /* Number of nested levels of parentheses */
+  int iStartIN;      /* Start of RHS of IN operator in z[] */
+  int nParenAtIN;    /* Value of nParent at start of RHS of IN operator */
+  u32 j;             /* Bytes of normalized SQL generated so far */
+  sqlite3_str *pStr; /* The normalized SQL string under construction */
+
+  db = sqlite3VdbeDb(pVdbe);
+  tokenType = -1;
+  nParen = iStartIN = nParenAtIN = 0;
+  pStr = sqlite3_str_new(db);
+  assert( pStr!=0 );  /* sqlite3_str_new() never returns NULL */
+  for(i=0; zSql[i] && pStr->accError==0; i+=n){
+    if( tokenType!=TK_SPACE ){
+      prevType = tokenType;
+    }
+    n = sqlite3GetToken((unsigned char*)zSql+i, &tokenType);
+    if( NEVER(n<=0) ) break;
+    switch( tokenType ){
+      case TK_SPACE: {
+        break;
+      }
+      case TK_NULL: {
+        if( prevType==TK_IS || prevType==TK_NOT ){
+          sqlite3_str_append(pStr, " NULL", 5);
+          break;
+        }
+        /* Fall through */
+      }
+      case TK_STRING:
+      case TK_INTEGER:
+      case TK_FLOAT:
+      case TK_VARIABLE:
+      case TK_BLOB: {
+        sqlite3_str_append(pStr, "?", 1);
+        break;
+      }
+      case TK_LP: {
+        nParen++;
+        if( prevType==TK_IN ){
+          iStartIN = pStr->nChar;
+          nParenAtIN = nParen;
+        }
+        sqlite3_str_append(pStr, "(", 1);
+        break;
+      }
+      case TK_RP: {
+        if( iStartIN>0 && nParen==nParenAtIN ){
+          assert( pStr->nChar>=(u32)iStartIN );
+          pStr->nChar = iStartIN+1;
+          sqlite3_str_append(pStr, "?,?,?", 5);
+          iStartIN = 0;
+        }
+        nParen--;
+        sqlite3_str_append(pStr, ")", 1);
+        break;
+      }
+      case TK_ID: {
+        iStartIN = 0;
+        j = pStr->nChar;
+        if( sqlite3Isquote(zSql[i]) ){
+          char *zId = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, zSql+i, n);
+          int nId;
+          int eType = 0;
+          if( zId==0 ) break;
+          sqlite3Dequote(zId);
+          if( zSql[i]=='"' && sqlite3VdbeUsesDoubleQuotedString(pVdbe, zId) ){
+            sqlite3_str_append(pStr, "?", 1);
+            sqlite3DbFree(db, zId);
+            break;
+          }
+          nId = sqlite3Strlen30(zId);
+          if( sqlite3GetToken((u8*)zId, &eType)==nId && eType==TK_ID ){
+            addSpaceSeparator(pStr);
+            sqlite3_str_append(pStr, zId, nId);
+          }else{
+            sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, "\"%w\"", zId);
+          }
+          sqlite3DbFree(db, zId);
+        }else{
+          addSpaceSeparator(pStr);
+          sqlite3_str_append(pStr, zSql+i, n);
+        }
+        while( j<pStr->nChar ){
+          pStr->zText[j] = sqlite3Tolower(pStr->zText[j]);
+          j++;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case TK_SELECT: {
+        iStartIN = 0;
+        /* fall through */
+      }
+      default: {
+        if( sqlite3IsIdChar(zSql[i]) ) addSpaceSeparator(pStr);
+        j = pStr->nChar;
+        sqlite3_str_append(pStr, zSql+i, n);
+        while( j<pStr->nChar ){
+          pStr->zText[j] = sqlite3Toupper(pStr->zText[j]);
+          j++;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if( tokenType!=TK_SEMI ) sqlite3_str_append(pStr, ";", 1);
+  return sqlite3_str_finish(pStr);
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE */
+
 /************** End of tokenize.c ********************************************/
 /************** Begin file complete.c ****************************************/
 /*
@@ -151440,7 +161485,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char sqlite3IsEbcdicIdChar[];
 **   (2) NORMAL    We are in the middle of statement which ends with a single
 **                 semicolon.
 **
-**   (3) EXPLAIN   The keyword EXPLAIN has been seen at the beginning of 
+**   (3) EXPLAIN   The keyword EXPLAIN has been seen at the beginning of
 **                 a statement.
 **
 **   (4) CREATE    The keyword CREATE has been seen at the beginning of a
@@ -151783,29 +161828,91 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IcuInit(sqlite3 *db);
 }  /* extern "C" */
 #endif  /* __cplusplus */
 
-
 /************** End of sqliteicu.h *******************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in main.c ***********************/
 #endif
+
+/*
+** This is an extension initializer that is a no-op and always
+** succeeds, except that it fails if the fault-simulation is set
+** to 500.
+*/
+static int sqlite3TestExtInit(sqlite3 *db){
+  (void)db;
+  return sqlite3FaultSim(500);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Forward declarations of external module initializer functions
+** for modules that need them.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS1
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts1Init(sqlite3*);
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS2
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts2Init(sqlite3*);
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts5Init(sqlite3*);
+#endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Json1Init(sqlite3*);
 #endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StmtVtabInit(sqlite3*);
 #endif
+
+/*
+** An array of pointers to extension initializer functions for
+** built-in extensions.
+*/
+static int (*const sqlite3BuiltinExtensions[])(sqlite3*) = {
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS1
+  sqlite3Fts1Init,
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS2
+  sqlite3Fts2Init,
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
+  sqlite3Fts3Init,
+#endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts5Init(sqlite3*);
+  sqlite3Fts5Init,
 #endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU_COLLATIONS)
+  sqlite3IcuInit,
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
+  sqlite3RtreeInit,
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB
+  sqlite3DbpageRegister,
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB
+  sqlite3DbstatRegister,
+#endif
+  sqlite3TestExtInit,
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1
+  sqlite3Json1Init,
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB
+  sqlite3StmtVtabInit,
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB
+  sqlite3VdbeBytecodeVtabInit,
+#endif
+};
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
 /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-46656-45156 The sqlite3_version[] string constant
-** contains the text of SQLITE_VERSION macro. 
+** contains the text of SQLITE_VERSION macro.
 */
 SQLITE_API const char sqlite3_version[] = SQLITE_VERSION;
 #endif
 
 /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-53536-42575 The sqlite3_libversion() function returns
-** a pointer to the to the sqlite3_version[] string constant. 
+** a pointer to the to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void){ return sqlite3_version; }
 
@@ -151869,13 +161976,13 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_temp_directory = 0;
 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_data_directory = 0;
 
 /*
-** Initialize SQLite.  
+** Initialize SQLite.
 **
 ** This routine must be called to initialize the memory allocation,
 ** VFS, and mutex subsystems prior to doing any serious work with
 ** SQLite.  But as long as you do not compile with SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
 ** this routine will be called automatically by key routines such as
-** sqlite3_open().  
+** sqlite3_open().
 **
 ** This routine is a no-op except on its very first call for the process,
 ** or for the first call after a call to sqlite3_shutdown.
@@ -151900,7 +162007,7 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_data_directory = 0;
 **       without blocking.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void){
-  MUTEX_LOGIC( sqlite3_mutex *pMaster; )       /* The main static mutex */
+  MUTEX_LOGIC( sqlite3_mutex *pMainMtx; )      /* The main static mutex */
   int rc;                                      /* Result code */
 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_INIT
   int bRunExtraInit = 0;                       /* Extra initialization needed */
@@ -151923,9 +162030,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void){
   ** must be complete.  So isInit must not be set until the very end
   ** of this routine.
   */
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit ) return SQLITE_OK;
+  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit ){
+    sqlite3MemoryBarrier();
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
 
-  /* Make sure the mutex subsystem is initialized.  If unable to 
+  /* Make sure the mutex subsystem is initialized.  If unable to
   ** initialize the mutex subsystem, return early with the error.
   ** If the system is so sick that we are unable to allocate a mutex,
   ** there is not much SQLite is going to be able to do.
@@ -151937,13 +162047,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void){
   if( rc ) return rc;
 
   /* Initialize the malloc() system and the recursive pInitMutex mutex.
-  ** This operation is protected by the STATIC_MASTER mutex.  Note that
+  ** This operation is protected by the STATIC_MAIN mutex.  Note that
   ** MutexAlloc() is called for a static mutex prior to initializing the
   ** malloc subsystem - this implies that the allocation of a static
   ** mutex must not require support from the malloc subsystem.
   */
-  MUTEX_LOGIC( pMaster = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER); )
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMaster);
+  MUTEX_LOGIC( pMainMtx = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN); )
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMainMtx);
   sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMutexInit = 1;
   if( !sqlite3GlobalConfig.isMallocInit ){
     rc = sqlite3MallocInit();
@@ -151961,7 +162071,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void){
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex++;
   }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMaster);
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMainMtx);
 
   /* If rc is not SQLITE_OK at this point, then either the malloc
   ** subsystem could not be initialized or the system failed to allocate
@@ -152007,8 +162117,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void){
     }
 #endif
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      sqlite3PCacheBufferSetup( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage, 
+      sqlite3PCacheBufferSetup( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage,
           sqlite3GlobalConfig.szPage, sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage);
+      sqlite3MemoryBarrier();
       sqlite3GlobalConfig.isInit = 1;
 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_INIT
       bRunExtraInit = 1;
@@ -152021,14 +162132,14 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void){
   /* Go back under the static mutex and clean up the recursive
   ** mutex to prevent a resource leak.
   */
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMaster);
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pMainMtx);
   sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex--;
   if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex<=0 ){
     assert( sqlite3GlobalConfig.nRefInitMutex==0 );
     sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex);
     sqlite3GlobalConfig.pInitMutex = 0;
   }
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMaster);
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pMainMtx);
 
   /* The following is just a sanity check to make sure SQLite has
   ** been compiled correctly.  It is important to run this code, but
@@ -152224,7 +162335,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int op, ...){
       ** a single parameter which is a pointer to an integer and writes into
       ** that integer the number of extra bytes per page required for each page
       ** in SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE. */
-      *va_arg(ap, int*) = 
+      *va_arg(ap, int*) =
           sqlite3HeaderSizeBtree() +
           sqlite3HeaderSizePcache() +
           sqlite3HeaderSizePcache1();
@@ -152311,7 +162422,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int op, ...){
       sqlite3GlobalConfig.nLookaside = va_arg(ap, int);
       break;
     }
-    
+
     /* Record a pointer to the logger function and its first argument.
     ** The default is NULL.  Logging is disabled if the function pointer is
     ** NULL.
@@ -152415,6 +162526,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int op, ...){
     }
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES */
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE
+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE: {
+      sqlite3GlobalConfig.mxMemdbSize = va_arg(ap, sqlite3_int64);
+      break;
+    }
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE */
+
     default: {
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
       break;
@@ -152426,7 +162544,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int op, ...){
 
 /*
 ** Set up the lookaside buffers for a database connection.
-** Return SQLITE_OK on success.  
+** Return SQLITE_OK on success.
 ** If lookaside is already active, return SQLITE_BUSY.
 **
 ** The sz parameter is the number of bytes in each lookaside slot.
@@ -152438,12 +162556,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int op, ...){
 static int setupLookaside(sqlite3 *db, void *pBuf, int sz, int cnt){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
   void *pStart;
-  
+  sqlite3_int64 szAlloc = sz*(sqlite3_int64)cnt;
+  int nBig;   /* Number of full-size slots */
+  int nSm;    /* Number smaller LOOKASIDE_SMALL-byte slots */
+
   if( sqlite3LookasideUsed(db,0)>0 ){
     return SQLITE_BUSY;
   }
   /* Free any existing lookaside buffer for this handle before
-  ** allocating a new one so we don't have to have space for 
+  ** allocating a new one so we don't have to have space for
   ** both at the same time.
   */
   if( db->lookaside.bMalloced ){
@@ -152460,37 +162581,71 @@ static int setupLookaside(sqlite3 *db, void *pBuf, int sz, int cnt){
     pStart = 0;
   }else if( pBuf==0 ){
     sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-    pStart = sqlite3Malloc( sz*cnt );  /* IMP: R-61949-35727 */
+    pStart = sqlite3Malloc( szAlloc );  /* IMP: R-61949-35727 */
     sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-    if( pStart ) cnt = sqlite3MallocSize(pStart)/sz;
+    if( pStart ) szAlloc = sqlite3MallocSize(pStart);
   }else{
     pStart = pBuf;
   }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
+  if( sz>=LOOKASIDE_SMALL*3 ){
+    nBig = szAlloc/(3*LOOKASIDE_SMALL+sz);
+    nSm = (szAlloc - sz*nBig)/LOOKASIDE_SMALL;
+  }else if( sz>=LOOKASIDE_SMALL*2 ){
+    nBig = szAlloc/(LOOKASIDE_SMALL+sz);
+    nSm = (szAlloc - sz*nBig)/LOOKASIDE_SMALL;
+  }else
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
+  if( sz>0 ){
+    nBig = szAlloc/sz;
+    nSm = 0;
+  }else{
+    nBig = nSm = 0;
+  }
   db->lookaside.pStart = pStart;
   db->lookaside.pInit = 0;
   db->lookaside.pFree = 0;
   db->lookaside.sz = (u16)sz;
+  db->lookaside.szTrue = (u16)sz;
   if( pStart ){
     int i;
     LookasideSlot *p;
     assert( sz > (int)sizeof(LookasideSlot*) );
-    db->lookaside.nSlot = cnt;
     p = (LookasideSlot*)pStart;
-    for(i=cnt-1; i>=0; i--){
+    for(i=0; i<nBig; i++){
       p->pNext = db->lookaside.pInit;
       db->lookaside.pInit = p;
       p = (LookasideSlot*)&((u8*)p)[sz];
     }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
+    db->lookaside.pSmallInit = 0;
+    db->lookaside.pSmallFree = 0;
+    db->lookaside.pMiddle = p;
+    for(i=0; i<nSm; i++){
+      p->pNext = db->lookaside.pSmallInit;
+      db->lookaside.pSmallInit = p;
+      p = (LookasideSlot*)&((u8*)p)[LOOKASIDE_SMALL];
+    }
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
+    assert( ((uptr)p)<=szAlloc + (uptr)pStart );
     db->lookaside.pEnd = p;
     db->lookaside.bDisable = 0;
     db->lookaside.bMalloced = pBuf==0 ?1:0;
+    db->lookaside.nSlot = nBig+nSm;
   }else{
     db->lookaside.pStart = db;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
+    db->lookaside.pSmallInit = 0;
+    db->lookaside.pSmallFree = 0;
+    db->lookaside.pMiddle = db;
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
     db->lookaside.pEnd = db;
     db->lookaside.bDisable = 1;
+    db->lookaside.sz = 0;
     db->lookaside.bMalloced = 0;
     db->lookaside.nSlot = 0;
   }
+  assert( sqlite3LookasideUsed(db,0)==0 );
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE */
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -152548,7 +162703,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3 *db){
   sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
   for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){
     Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-    if( pBt && sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pBt) ){
+    if( pBt && sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt)==SQLITE_TXN_WRITE ){
       Pager *pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt);
       rc = sqlite3PagerFlush(pPager);
       if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
@@ -152591,12 +162746,21 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3 *db, int op, ...){
       } aFlagOp[] = {
         { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY,           SQLITE_ForeignKeys    },
         { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER,        SQLITE_EnableTrigger  },
+        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW,           SQLITE_EnableView     },
         { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER, SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  },
         { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION, SQLITE_LoadExtension  },
         { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE,      SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  },
         { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG,           SQLITE_EnableQPSG     },
         { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP,           SQLITE_TriggerEQP     },
         { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE,        SQLITE_ResetDatabase  },
+        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE,             SQLITE_Defensive      },
+        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA,       SQLITE_WriteSchema|
+                                                 SQLITE_NoSchemaError  },
+        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE,    SQLITE_LegacyAlter    },
+        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL,               SQLITE_DqsDDL         },
+        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML,               SQLITE_DqsDML         },
+        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT,    SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  },
+        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA,        SQLITE_TrustedSchema  },
       };
       unsigned int i;
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR; /* IMP: R-42790-23372 */
@@ -152604,11 +162768,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3 *db, int op, ...){
         if( aFlagOp[i].op==op ){
           int onoff = va_arg(ap, int);
           int *pRes = va_arg(ap, int*);
-          u32 oldFlags = db->flags;
+          u64 oldFlags = db->flags;
           if( onoff>0 ){
             db->flags |= aFlagOp[i].mask;
           }else if( onoff==0 ){
-            db->flags &= ~aFlagOp[i].mask;
+            db->flags &= ~(u64)aFlagOp[i].mask;
           }
           if( oldFlags!=db->flags ){
             sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db, 0);
@@ -152627,28 +162791,17 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3 *db, int op, ...){
   return rc;
 }
 
-
-/*
-** Return true if the buffer z[0..n-1] contains all spaces.
-*/
-static int allSpaces(const char *z, int n){
-  while( n>0 && z[n-1]==' ' ){ n--; }
-  return n==0;
-}
-
 /*
 ** This is the default collating function named "BINARY" which is always
 ** available.
-**
-** If the padFlag argument is not NULL then space padding at the end
-** of strings is ignored.  This implements the RTRIM collation.
 */
 static int binCollFunc(
-  void *padFlag,
+  void *NotUsed,
   int nKey1, const void *pKey1,
   int nKey2, const void *pKey2
 ){
   int rc, n;
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
   n = nKey1<nKey2 ? nKey1 : nKey2;
   /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-65033-28449 The built-in BINARY collation compares
   ** strings byte by byte using the memcmp() function from the standard C
@@ -152656,33 +162809,37 @@ static int binCollFunc(
   assert( pKey1 && pKey2 );
   rc = memcmp(pKey1, pKey2, n);
   if( rc==0 ){
-    if( padFlag
-     && allSpaces(((char*)pKey1)+n, nKey1-n)
-     && allSpaces(((char*)pKey2)+n, nKey2-n)
-    ){
-      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-31624-24737 RTRIM is like BINARY except that extra
-      ** spaces at the end of either string do not change the result. In other
-      ** words, strings will compare equal to one another as long as they
-      ** differ only in the number of spaces at the end.
-      */
-    }else{
-      rc = nKey1 - nKey2;
-    }
+    rc = nKey1 - nKey2;
   }
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** This is the collating function named "RTRIM" which is always
+** available.  Ignore trailing spaces.
+*/
+static int rtrimCollFunc(
+  void *pUser,
+  int nKey1, const void *pKey1,
+  int nKey2, const void *pKey2
+){
+  const u8 *pK1 = (const u8*)pKey1;
+  const u8 *pK2 = (const u8*)pKey2;
+  while( nKey1 && pK1[nKey1-1]==' ' ) nKey1--;
+  while( nKey2 && pK2[nKey2-1]==' ' ) nKey2--;
+  return binCollFunc(pUser, nKey1, pKey1, nKey2, pKey2);
+}
+
 /*
 ** Return true if CollSeq is the default built-in BINARY.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsBinary(const CollSeq *p){
-  assert( p==0 || p->xCmp!=binCollFunc || p->pUser!=0
-            || strcmp(p->zName,"BINARY")==0 );
-  return p==0 || (p->xCmp==binCollFunc && p->pUser==0);
+  assert( p==0 || p->xCmp!=binCollFunc || strcmp(p->zName,"BINARY")==0 );
+  return p==0 || p->xCmp==binCollFunc;
 }
 
 /*
-** Another built-in collating sequence: NOCASE. 
+** Another built-in collating sequence: NOCASE.
 **
 ** This collating sequence is intended to be used for "case independent
 ** comparison". SQLite's knowledge of upper and lower case equivalents
@@ -152824,7 +162981,7 @@ static void disconnectAllVtab(sqlite3 *db){
 
 /*
 ** Return TRUE if database connection db has unfinalized prepared
-** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects.  
+** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects.
 */
 static int connectionIsBusy(sqlite3 *db){
   int j;
@@ -152851,7 +163008,7 @@ static int sqlite3Close(sqlite3 *db, int forceZombie){
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   if( db->mTrace & SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE ){
-    db->xTrace(SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE, db->pTraceArg, db, 0);
+    db->trace.xV2(SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE, db->pTraceArg, db, 0);
   }
 
   /* Force xDisconnect calls on all virtual tables */
@@ -152890,6 +163047,36 @@ static int sqlite3Close(sqlite3 *db, int forceZombie){
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
+/*
+** Return the transaction state for a single databse, or the maximum
+** transaction state over all attached databases if zSchema is null.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_txn_state(sqlite3 *db, const char *zSchema){
+  int iDb, nDb;
+  int iTxn = -1;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
+    (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+    return -1;
+  }
+#endif
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
+  if( zSchema ){
+    nDb = iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zSchema);
+    if( iDb<0 ) nDb--;
+  }else{
+    iDb = 0;
+    nDb = db->nDb-1;
+  }
+  for(; iDb<=nDb; iDb++){
+    Btree *pBt = db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
+    int x = pBt!=0 ? sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt) : SQLITE_TXN_NONE;
+    if( x>iTxn ) iTxn = x;
+  }
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
+  return iTxn;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Two variations on the public interface for closing a database
 ** connection. The sqlite3_close() version returns SQLITE_BUSY and
@@ -152991,11 +163178,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3 *db){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
   for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aModule); i; i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
     Module *pMod = (Module *)sqliteHashData(i);
-    if( pMod->xDestroy ){
-      pMod->xDestroy(pMod->pAux);
-    }
     sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(db, pMod);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pMod);
+    sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(db, pMod);
   }
   sqlite3HashClear(&db->aModule);
 #endif
@@ -153013,7 +163197,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3 *db){
   /* The temp-database schema is allocated differently from the other schema
   ** objects (using sqliteMalloc() directly, instead of sqlite3BtreeSchema()).
   ** So it needs to be freed here. Todo: Why not roll the temp schema into
-  ** the same sqliteMalloc() as the one that allocates the database 
+  ** the same sqliteMalloc() as the one that allocates the database
   ** structure?
   */
   sqlite3DbFree(db, db->aDb[1].pSchema);
@@ -153041,7 +163225,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3 *db, int tripCode){
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
   sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
 
-  /* Obtain all b-tree mutexes before making any calls to BtreeRollback(). 
+  /* Obtain all b-tree mutexes before making any calls to BtreeRollback().
   ** This is important in case the transaction being rolled back has
   ** modified the database schema. If the b-tree mutexes are not taken
   ** here, then another shared-cache connection might sneak in between
@@ -153053,7 +163237,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3 *db, int tripCode){
   for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
     Btree *p = db->aDb[i].pBt;
     if( p ){
-      if( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(p) ){
+      if( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(p)==SQLITE_TXN_WRITE ){
         inTrans = 1;
       }
       sqlite3BtreeRollback(p, tripCode, !schemaChange);
@@ -153071,7 +163255,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3 *db, int tripCode){
   /* Any deferred constraint violations have now been resolved. */
   db->nDeferredCons = 0;
   db->nDeferredImmCons = 0;
-  db->flags &= ~SQLITE_DeferFKs;
+  db->flags &= ~(u64)SQLITE_DeferFKs;
 
   /* If one has been configured, invoke the rollback-hook callback */
   if( db->xRollbackCallback && (inTrans || !db->autoCommit) ){
@@ -153145,6 +163329,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3ErrName(int rc){
       case SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR:     zName = "SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR";    break;
       case SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH:  zName = "SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH"; break;
       case SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH:  zName = "SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH"; break;
+      case SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK:   zName = "SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK";  break;
       case SQLITE_PROTOCOL:           zName = "SQLITE_PROTOCOL";          break;
       case SQLITE_EMPTY:              zName = "SQLITE_EMPTY";             break;
       case SQLITE_SCHEMA:             zName = "SQLITE_SCHEMA";            break;
@@ -153266,8 +163451,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int rc){
 */
 static int sqliteDefaultBusyCallback(
   void *ptr,               /* Database connection */
-  int count,               /* Number of times table has been busy */
-  sqlite3_file *pFile      /* The file on which the lock occurred */
+  int count                /* Number of times table has been busy */
 ){
 #if SQLITE_OS_WIN || HAVE_USLEEP
   /* This case is for systems that have support for sleeping for fractions of
@@ -153281,19 +163465,6 @@ static int sqliteDefaultBusyCallback(
   int tmout = db->busyTimeout;
   int delay, prior;
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
-  if( sqlite3OsFileControl(pFile,SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT,&tmout)==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( count ){
-      tmout = 0;
-      sqlite3OsFileControl(pFile, SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT, &tmout);
-      return 0;
-    }else{
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-#else
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pFile);
-#endif
   assert( count>=0 );
   if( count < NDELAY ){
     delay = delays[count];
@@ -153313,7 +163484,6 @@ static int sqliteDefaultBusyCallback(
   ** must be done in increments of whole seconds */
   sqlite3 *db = (sqlite3 *)ptr;
   int tmout = ((sqlite3 *)ptr)->busyTimeout;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pFile);
   if( (count+1)*1000 > tmout ){
     return 0;
   }
@@ -153331,25 +163501,16 @@ static int sqliteDefaultBusyCallback(
 ** If this routine returns non-zero, the lock is retried.  If it
 ** returns 0, the operation aborts with an SQLITE_BUSY error.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler *p, sqlite3_file *pFile){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler *p){
   int rc;
   if( p->xBusyHandler==0 || p->nBusy<0 ) return 0;
-  if( p->bExtraFileArg ){
-    /* Add an extra parameter with the pFile pointer to the end of the
-    ** callback argument list */
-    int (*xTra)(void*,int,sqlite3_file*);
-    xTra = (int(*)(void*,int,sqlite3_file*))p->xBusyHandler;
-    rc = xTra(p->pBusyArg, p->nBusy, pFile);
-  }else{
-    /* Legacy style busy handler callback */
-    rc = p->xBusyHandler(p->pBusyArg, p->nBusy);
-  }
+  rc = p->xBusyHandler(p->pBusyArg, p->nBusy);
   if( rc==0 ){
     p->nBusy = -1;
   }else{
     p->nBusy++;
   }
-  return rc; 
+  return rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -153368,7 +163529,6 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(
   db->busyHandler.xBusyHandler = xBusy;
   db->busyHandler.pBusyArg = pArg;
   db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
-  db->busyHandler.bExtraFileArg = 0;
   db->busyTimeout = 0;
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -153381,9 +163541,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(
 ** be invoked every nOps opcodes.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
+  sqlite3 *db,
   int nOps,
-  int (*xProgress)(void*), 
+  int (*xProgress)(void*),
   void *pArg
 ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
@@ -153419,7 +163579,6 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3 *db, int ms){
     sqlite3_busy_handler(db, (int(*)(void*,int))sqliteDefaultBusyCallback,
                              (void*)db);
     db->busyTimeout = ms;
-    db->busyHandler.bExtraFileArg = 1;
   }else{
     sqlite3_busy_handler(db, 0, 0);
   }
@@ -153436,7 +163595,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3 *db){
     return;
   }
 #endif
-  db->u1.isInterrupted = 1;
+  AtomicStore(&db->u1.isInterrupted, 1);
 }
 
 
@@ -153444,7 +163603,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3 *db){
 ** This function is exactly the same as sqlite3_create_function(), except
 ** that it is designed to be called by internal code. The difference is
 ** that if a malloc() fails in sqlite3_create_function(), an error code
-** is returned and the mallocFailed flag cleared. 
+** is returned and the mallocFailed flag cleared.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CreateFunc(
   sqlite3 *db,
@@ -153476,9 +163635,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CreateFunc(
   }
 
   assert( SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT==SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC );
-  extraFlags = enc &  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC;
+  assert( SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT==SQLITE_DIRECTONLY );
+  extraFlags = enc &  (SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY|
+                       SQLITE_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS);
   enc &= (SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK|SQLITE_ANY);
-  
+
+  /* The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag is the same bit as SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE.  But
+  ** the meaning is inverted.  So flip the bit. */
+  assert( SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE==SQLITE_INNOCUOUS );
+  extraFlags ^= SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE;
+
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
   /* If SQLITE_UTF16 is specified as the encoding type, transform this
   ** to one of SQLITE_UTF16LE or SQLITE_UTF16BE using the
@@ -153491,11 +163658,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CreateFunc(
     enc = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
   }else if( enc==SQLITE_ANY ){
     int rc;
-    rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunctionName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|extraFlags,
+    rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunctionName, nArg,
+         (SQLITE_UTF8|extraFlags)^SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE,
          pUserData, xSFunc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, pDestructor);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunctionName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF16LE|extraFlags,
-          pUserData, xSFunc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, pDestructor);
+      rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunctionName, nArg,
+           (SQLITE_UTF16LE|extraFlags)^SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE,
+           pUserData, xSFunc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, pDestructor);
     }
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       return rc;
@@ -153505,7 +163674,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CreateFunc(
 #else
   enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
 #endif
-  
+
   /* Check if an existing function is being overridden or deleted. If so,
   ** and there are active VMs, then return SQLITE_BUSY. If a function
   ** is being overridden/deleted but there are no active VMs, allow the
@@ -153514,7 +163683,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CreateFunc(
   p = sqlite3FindFunction(db, zFunctionName, nArg, (u8)enc, 0);
   if( p && (p->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK)==(u32)enc && p->nArg==nArg ){
     if( db->nVdbeActive ){
-      sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, SQLITE_BUSY, 
+      sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, SQLITE_BUSY,
         "unable to delete/modify user-function due to active statements");
       assert( !db->mallocFailed );
       return SQLITE_BUSY;
@@ -153539,6 +163708,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CreateFunc(
   p->u.pDestructor = pDestructor;
   p->funcFlags = (p->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK) | extraFlags;
   testcase( p->funcFlags & SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC );
+  testcase( p->funcFlags & SQLITE_DIRECTONLY );
   p->xSFunc = xSFunc ? xSFunc : xStep;
   p->xFinalize = xFinal;
   p->xValue = xValue;
@@ -153588,7 +163758,7 @@ static int createFunctionApi(
     pArg->xDestroy = xDestroy;
     pArg->pUserData = p;
   }
-  rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunc, nArg, enc, p, 
+  rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunc, nArg, enc, p,
       xSFunc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, pArg
   );
   if( pArg && pArg->nRef==0 ){
@@ -153705,7 +163875,7 @@ static void sqlite3InvalidFunction(
 **
 ** If the function already exists as a regular global function, then
 ** this routine is a no-op.  If the function does not exist, then create
-** a new one that always throws a run-time error.  
+** a new one that always throws a run-time error.
 **
 ** When virtual tables intend to provide an overloaded function, they
 ** should call this routine to make sure the global function exists.
@@ -153738,7 +163908,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_overload_function(
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
 /*
 ** Register a trace function.  The pArg from the previously registered trace
-** is returned.  
+** is returned.
 **
 ** A NULL trace function means that no tracing is executes.  A non-NULL
 ** trace is a pointer to a function that is invoked at the start of each
@@ -153757,7 +163927,7 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3 *db, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), vo
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   pOld = db->pTraceArg;
   db->mTrace = xTrace ? SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY : 0;
-  db->xTrace = (int(*)(u32,void*,void*,void*))xTrace;
+  db->trace.xLegacy = xTrace;
   db->pTraceArg = pArg;
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return pOld;
@@ -153781,7 +163951,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_trace_v2(
   if( mTrace==0 ) xTrace = 0;
   if( xTrace==0 ) mTrace = 0;
   db->mTrace = mTrace;
-  db->xTrace = xTrace;
+  db->trace.xV2 = xTrace;
   db->pTraceArg = pArg;
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -153789,8 +163959,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_trace_v2(
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
 /*
-** Register a profile function.  The pArg from the previously registered 
-** profile function is returned.  
+** Register a profile function.  The pArg from the previously registered
+** profile function is returned.
 **
 ** A NULL profile function means that no profiling is executes.  A non-NULL
 ** profile is a pointer to a function that is invoked at the conclusion of
@@ -153813,6 +163983,8 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_profile(
   pOld = db->pProfileArg;
   db->xProfile = xProfile;
   db->pProfileArg = pArg;
+  db->mTrace &= SQLITE_TRACE_NONLEGACY_MASK;
+  if( db->xProfile ) db->mTrace |= SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE;
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return pOld;
 }
@@ -153922,7 +164094,7 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
 ** Invoke sqlite3_wal_checkpoint if the number of frames in the log file
 ** is greater than sqlite3.pWalArg cast to an integer (the value configured by
 ** wal_autocheckpoint()).
-*/ 
+*/
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(
   void *pClientData,     /* Argument */
   sqlite3 *db,           /* Connection */
@@ -154045,7 +164217,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
   /* If there are no active statements, clear the interrupt flag at this
   ** point.  */
   if( db->nVdbeActive==0 ){
-    db->u1.isInterrupted = 0;
+    AtomicStore(&db->u1.isInterrupted, 0);
   }
 
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
@@ -154056,7 +164228,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
 
 /*
 ** Checkpoint database zDb. If zDb is NULL, or if the buffer zDb points
-** to contains a zero-length string, all attached databases are 
+** to contains a zero-length string, all attached databases are
 ** checkpointed.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb){
@@ -154070,9 +164242,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb){
 ** Run a checkpoint on database iDb. This is a no-op if database iDb is
 ** not currently open in WAL mode.
 **
-** If a transaction is open on the database being checkpointed, this 
-** function returns SQLITE_LOCKED and a checkpoint is not attempted. If 
-** an error occurs while running the checkpoint, an SQLite error code is 
+** If a transaction is open on the database being checkpointed, this
+** function returns SQLITE_LOCKED and a checkpoint is not attempted. If
+** an error occurs while running the checkpoint, an SQLite error code is
 ** returned (i.e. SQLITE_IOERR). Otherwise, SQLITE_OK.
 **
 ** The mutex on database handle db should be held by the caller. The mutex
@@ -154164,7 +164336,7 @@ SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3 *db){
     z = sqlite3ErrStr(SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT);
   }else{
     testcase( db->pErr==0 );
-    z = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(db->pErr);
+    z = db->errCode ? (char*)sqlite3_value_text(db->pErr) : 0;
     assert( !db->mallocFailed );
     if( z==0 ){
       z = sqlite3ErrStr(db->errCode);
@@ -154241,7 +164413,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db){
 }
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3 *db){
   return db ? db->iSysErrno : 0;
-}  
+}
 
 /*
 ** Return a string that describes the kind of error specified in the
@@ -154258,7 +164430,7 @@ SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errstr(int rc){
 */
 static int createCollation(
   sqlite3* db,
-  const char *zName, 
+  const char *zName,
   u8 enc,
   void* pCtx,
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
@@ -154266,7 +164438,7 @@ static int createCollation(
 ){
   CollSeq *pColl;
   int enc2;
-  
+
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
 
   /* If SQLITE_UTF16 is specified as the encoding type, transform this
@@ -154283,14 +164455,14 @@ static int createCollation(
     return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
   }
 
-  /* Check if this call is removing or replacing an existing collation 
+  /* Check if this call is removing or replacing an existing collation
   ** sequence. If so, and there are active VMs, return busy. If there
   ** are no active VMs, invalidate any pre-compiled statements.
   */
   pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, (u8)enc2, zName, 0);
   if( pColl && pColl->xCmp ){
     if( db->nVdbeActive ){
-      sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, SQLITE_BUSY, 
+      sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, SQLITE_BUSY,
         "unable to delete/modify collation sequence due to active statements");
       return SQLITE_BUSY;
     }
@@ -154301,7 +164473,7 @@ static int createCollation(
     ** then any copies made by synthCollSeq() need to be invalidated.
     ** Also, collation destructor - CollSeq.xDel() - function may need
     ** to be called.
-    */ 
+    */
     if( (pColl->enc & ~SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED)==enc2 ){
       CollSeq *aColl = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aCollSeq, zName);
       int j;
@@ -154450,17 +164622,19 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3 *db, int limitId, int newLimit){
 ** query parameter. The second argument contains the URI (or non-URI filename)
 ** itself. When this function is called the *pFlags variable should contain
 ** the default flags to open the database handle with. The value stored in
-** *pFlags may be updated before returning if the URI filename contains 
+** *pFlags may be updated before returning if the URI filename contains
 ** "cache=xxx" or "mode=xxx" query parameters.
 **
 ** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. In this case *ppVfs is set to point to
 ** the VFS that should be used to open the database file. *pzFile is set to
-** point to a buffer containing the name of the file to open. It is the 
-** responsibility of the caller to eventually call sqlite3_free() to release
-** this buffer.
+** point to a buffer containing the name of the file to open.  The value
+** stored in *pzFile is a database name acceptable to sqlite3_uri_parameter()
+** and is in the same format as names created using sqlite3_create_filename().
+** The caller must invoke sqlite3_free_filename() (not sqlite3_free()!) on
+** the value returned in *pzFile to avoid a memory leak.
 **
 ** If an error occurs, then an SQLite error code is returned and *pzErrMsg
-** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error 
+** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error
 ** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually release
 ** this buffer by calling sqlite3_free().
 */
@@ -154468,7 +164642,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(
   const char *zDefaultVfs,        /* VFS to use if no "vfs=xxx" query option */
   const char *zUri,               /* Nul-terminated URI to parse */
   unsigned int *pFlags,           /* IN/OUT: SQLITE_OPEN_XXX flags */
-  sqlite3_vfs **ppVfs,            /* OUT: VFS to use */ 
+  sqlite3_vfs **ppVfs,            /* OUT: VFS to use */
   char **pzFile,                  /* OUT: Filename component of URI */
   char **pzErrMsg                 /* OUT: Error message (if rc!=SQLITE_OK) */
 ){
@@ -154489,9 +164663,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(
     int eState;                   /* Parser state when parsing URI */
     int iIn;                      /* Input character index */
     int iOut = 0;                 /* Output character index */
-    u64 nByte = nUri+2;           /* Bytes of space to allocate */
+    u64 nByte = nUri+8;           /* Bytes of space to allocate */
 
-    /* Make sure the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set to indicate to the VFS xOpen 
+    /* Make sure the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set to indicate to the VFS xOpen
     ** method that there may be extra parameters following the file-name.  */
     flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_URI;
 
@@ -154499,6 +164673,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(
     zFile = sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
     if( !zFile ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
 
+    memset(zFile, 0, 4);  /* 4-byte of 0x00 is the start of DB name marker */
+    zFile += 4;
+
     iIn = 5;
 #ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_URI_AUTHORITY
     if( strncmp(zUri+5, "///", 3)==0 ){
@@ -154506,7 +164683,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(
       /* The following condition causes URIs with five leading / characters
       ** like file://///host/path to be converted into UNCs like //host/path.
       ** The correct URI for that UNC has only two or four leading / characters
-      ** file://host/path or file:////host/path.  But 5 leading slashes is a 
+      ** file://host/path or file:////host/path.  But 5 leading slashes is a
       ** common error, we are told, so we handle it as a special case. */
       if( strncmp(zUri+7, "///", 3)==0 ){ iIn++; }
     }else if( strncmp(zUri+5, "//localhost/", 12)==0 ){
@@ -154518,7 +164695,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(
       iIn = 7;
       while( zUri[iIn] && zUri[iIn]!='/' ) iIn++;
       if( iIn!=7 && (iIn!=16 || memcmp("localhost", &zUri[7], 9)) ){
-        *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("invalid uri authority: %.*s", 
+        *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("invalid uri authority: %.*s",
             iIn-7, &zUri[7]);
         rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
         goto parse_uri_out;
@@ -154526,8 +164703,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(
     }
 #endif
 
-    /* Copy the filename and any query parameters into the zFile buffer. 
-    ** Decode %HH escape codes along the way. 
+    /* Copy the filename and any query parameters into the zFile buffer.
+    ** Decode %HH escape codes along the way.
     **
     ** Within this loop, variable eState may be set to 0, 1 or 2, depending
     ** on the parsing context. As follows:
@@ -154539,9 +164716,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(
     eState = 0;
     while( (c = zUri[iIn])!=0 && c!='#' ){
       iIn++;
-      if( c=='%' 
-       && sqlite3Isxdigit(zUri[iIn]) 
-       && sqlite3Isxdigit(zUri[iIn+1]) 
+      if( c=='%'
+       && sqlite3Isxdigit(zUri[iIn])
+       && sqlite3Isxdigit(zUri[iIn+1])
       ){
         int octet = (sqlite3HexToInt(zUri[iIn++]) << 4);
         octet += sqlite3HexToInt(zUri[iIn++]);
@@ -154553,7 +164730,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(
           ** case we ignore all text in the remainder of the path, name or
           ** value currently being parsed. So ignore the current character
           ** and skip to the next "?", "=" or "&", as appropriate. */
-          while( (c = zUri[iIn])!=0 && c!='#' 
+          while( (c = zUri[iIn])!=0 && c!='#'
               && (eState!=0 || c!='?')
               && (eState!=1 || (c!='=' && c!='&'))
               && (eState!=2 || c!='&')
@@ -154588,10 +164765,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(
       zFile[iOut++] = c;
     }
     if( eState==1 ) zFile[iOut++] = '\0';
-    zFile[iOut++] = '\0';
-    zFile[iOut++] = '\0';
+    memset(zFile+iOut, 0, 4); /* end-of-options + empty journal filenames */
 
-    /* Check if there were any options specified that should be interpreted 
+    /* Check if there were any options specified that should be interpreted
     ** here. Options that are interpreted here include "vfs" and those that
     ** correspond to flags that may be passed to the sqlite3_open_v2()
     ** method. */
@@ -154627,7 +164803,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(
         if( nOpt==4 && memcmp("mode", zOpt, 4)==0 ){
           static struct OpenMode aOpenMode[] = {
             { "ro",  SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY },
-            { "rw",  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE }, 
+            { "rw",  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE },
             { "rwc", SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE },
             { "memory", SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY },
             { 0, 0 }
@@ -154669,13 +164845,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(
     }
 
   }else{
-    zFile = sqlite3_malloc64(nUri+2);
+    zFile = sqlite3_malloc64(nUri+8);
     if( !zFile ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+    memset(zFile, 0, 4);
+    zFile += 4;
     if( nUri ){
       memcpy(zFile, zUri, nUri);
     }
-    zFile[nUri] = '\0';
-    zFile[nUri+1] = '\0';
+    memset(zFile+nUri, 0, 4);
     flags &= ~SQLITE_OPEN_URI;
   }
 
@@ -154686,7 +164863,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(
   }
  parse_uri_out:
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_free(zFile);
+    sqlite3_free_filename(zFile);
     zFile = 0;
   }
   *pFlags = flags;
@@ -154694,10 +164871,26 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** This routine does the core work of extracting URI parameters from a
+** database filename for the sqlite3_uri_parameter() interface.
+*/
+static const char *uriParameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam){
+  zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
+  while( zFilename[0] ){
+    int x = strcmp(zFilename, zParam);
+    zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
+    if( x==0 ) return zFilename;
+    zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
 
 /*
 ** This routine does the work of opening a database on behalf of
-** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16(). The database filename "zFilename"  
+** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16(). The database filename "zFilename"
 ** is UTF-8 encoded.
 */
 static int openDatabase(
@@ -154711,6 +164904,7 @@ static int openDatabase(
   int isThreadsafe;               /* True for threadsafe connections */
   char *zOpen = 0;                /* Filename argument to pass to BtreeOpen() */
   char *zErrMsg = 0;              /* Error message from sqlite3ParseUri() */
+  int i;                          /* Loop counter */
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
   if( ppDb==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
@@ -154749,12 +164943,12 @@ static int openDatabase(
   flags &=  ~( SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE |
                SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE |
                SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB |
-               SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB | 
-               SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB | 
-               SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL | 
-               SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL | 
-               SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL | 
-               SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL |
+               SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB |
+               SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB |
+               SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL |
+               SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL |
+               SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL |
+               SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL |
                SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX |
                SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX |
                SQLITE_OPEN_WAL
@@ -154763,7 +164957,7 @@ static int openDatabase(
   /* Allocate the sqlite data structure */
   db = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(sqlite3) );
   if( db==0 ) goto opendb_out;
-  if( isThreadsafe 
+  if( isThreadsafe
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS
    || sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex
 #endif
@@ -154784,6 +164978,7 @@ static int openDatabase(
   db->magic = SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY;
   db->aDb = db->aDbStatic;
   db->lookaside.bDisable = 1;
+  db->lookaside.sz = 0;
 
   assert( sizeof(db->aLimit)==sizeof(aHardLimit) );
   memcpy(db->aLimit, aHardLimit, sizeof(db->aLimit));
@@ -154793,7 +164988,38 @@ static int openDatabase(
   db->szMmap = sqlite3GlobalConfig.szMmap;
   db->nextPagesize = 0;
   db->nMaxSorterMmap = 0x7FFFFFFF;
-  db->flags |= SQLITE_ShortColNames | SQLITE_EnableTrigger | SQLITE_CacheSpill
+  db->flags |= SQLITE_ShortColNames
+                 | SQLITE_EnableTrigger
+                 | SQLITE_EnableView
+                 | SQLITE_CacheSpill
+#if !defined(SQLITE_TRUSTED_SCHEMA) || SQLITE_TRUSTED_SCHEMA+0!=0
+                 | SQLITE_TrustedSchema
+#endif
+/* The SQLITE_DQS compile-time option determines the default settings
+** for SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL and SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML.
+**
+**    SQLITE_DQS     SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL    SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML
+**    ----------     -----------------------    -----------------------
+**     undefined               on                          on
+**         3                   on                          on
+**         2                   on                         off
+**         1                  off                          on
+**         0                  off                         off
+**
+** Legacy behavior is 3 (double-quoted string literals are allowed anywhere)
+** and so that is the default.  But developers are encouranged to use
+** -DSQLITE_DQS=0 (best) or -DSQLITE_DQS=1 (second choice) if possible.
+*/
+#if !defined(SQLITE_DQS)
+# define SQLITE_DQS 3
+#endif
+#if (SQLITE_DQS&1)==1
+                 | SQLITE_DqsDML
+#endif
+#if (SQLITE_DQS&2)==2
+                 | SQLITE_DqsDDL
+#endif
+
 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX) || SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
                  | SQLITE_AutoIndex
 #endif
@@ -154823,6 +165049,12 @@ static int openDatabase(
 #endif
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_QPSG)
                  | SQLITE_EnableQPSG
+#endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_DEFENSIVE)
+                 | SQLITE_Defensive
+#endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE)
+                 | SQLITE_LegacyAlter
 #endif
       ;
   sqlite3HashInit(&db->aCollSeq);
@@ -154841,19 +165073,14 @@ static int openDatabase(
   createCollation(db, sqlite3StrBINARY, SQLITE_UTF16BE, 0, binCollFunc, 0);
   createCollation(db, sqlite3StrBINARY, SQLITE_UTF16LE, 0, binCollFunc, 0);
   createCollation(db, "NOCASE", SQLITE_UTF8, 0, nocaseCollatingFunc, 0);
-  createCollation(db, "RTRIM", SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)1, binCollFunc, 0);
+  createCollation(db, "RTRIM", SQLITE_UTF8, 0, rtrimCollFunc, 0);
   if( db->mallocFailed ){
     goto opendb_out;
   }
-  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-08308-17224 The default collating function for all
-  ** strings is BINARY. 
-  */
-  db->pDfltColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, SQLITE_UTF8, sqlite3StrBINARY, 0);
-  assert( db->pDfltColl!=0 );
 
   /* Parse the filename/URI argument
   **
-  ** Only allow sensible combinations of bits in the flags argument.  
+  ** Only allow sensible combinations of bits in the flags argument.
   ** Throw an error if any non-sense combination is used.  If we
   ** do not block illegal combinations here, it could trigger
   ** assert() statements in deeper layers.  Sensible combinations
@@ -154871,7 +165098,7 @@ static int openDatabase(
   testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x04 ); /* READWRITE */
   testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x40 ); /* READWRITE | CREATE */
   if( ((1<<(flags&7)) & 0x46)==0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;  /* IMP: R-65497-44594 */
+    rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;  /* IMP: R-18321-05872 */
   }else{
     rc = sqlite3ParseUri(zVfs, zFilename, &flags, &db->pVfs, &zOpen, &zErrMsg);
   }
@@ -154894,12 +165121,14 @@ static int openDatabase(
   }
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(db->aDb[0].pBt);
   db->aDb[0].pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, db->aDb[0].pBt);
-  if( !db->mallocFailed ) ENC(db) = SCHEMA_ENC(db);
+  if( !db->mallocFailed ){
+    sqlite3SetTextEncoding(db, SCHEMA_ENC(db));
+  }
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(db->aDb[0].pBt);
   db->aDb[1].pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, 0);
 
   /* The default safety_level for the main database is FULL; for the temp
-  ** database it is OFF. This matches the pager layer defaults.  
+  ** database it is OFF. This matches the pager layer defaults.
   */
   db->aDb[0].zDbSName = "main";
   db->aDb[0].safety_level = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS+1;
@@ -154919,14 +165148,11 @@ static int openDatabase(
   sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(db);
   rc = sqlite3_errcode(db);
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
-  /* Register any built-in FTS5 module before loading the automatic
-  ** extensions. This allows automatic extensions to register FTS5 
-  ** tokenizers and auxiliary functions.  */
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3Fts5Init(db);
+
+  /* Load compiled-in extensions */
+  for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<ArraySize(sqlite3BuiltinExtensions); i++){
+    rc = sqlite3BuiltinExtensions[i](db);
   }
-#endif
 
   /* Load automatic extensions - extensions that have been registered
   ** using the sqlite3_automatic_extension() API.
@@ -154939,60 +165165,11 @@ static int openDatabase(
     }
   }
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS1
-  if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-    extern int sqlite3Fts1Init(sqlite3*);
-    rc = sqlite3Fts1Init(db);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS2
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    extern int sqlite3Fts2Init(sqlite3*);
-    rc = sqlite3Fts2Init(db);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 /* automatically defined by SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 */
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3Fts3Init(db);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU_COLLATIONS)
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3IcuInit(db);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK){
-    rc = sqlite3RtreeInit(db);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK){
-    rc = sqlite3DbpageRegister(db);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK){
-    rc = sqlite3DbstatRegister(db);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK){
-    rc = sqlite3Json1Init(db);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK){
-    rc = sqlite3StmtVtabInit(db);
-  }
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS
+  /* Testing use only!!! The -DSQLITE_ENABLE_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS=1 compile-time
+  ** option gives access to internal functions by default.
+  ** Testing use only!!! */
+  db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_InternalFunc;
 #endif
 
   /* -DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=1 makes EXCLUSIVE the default locking
@@ -155035,33 +165212,17 @@ opendb_out:
     sqlite3GlobalConfig.xSqllog(pArg, db, zFilename, 0);
   }
 #endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC)
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    const char *zKey;
-    if( (zKey = sqlite3_uri_parameter(zOpen, "hexkey"))!=0 && zKey[0] ){
-      u8 iByte;
-      int i;
-      char zDecoded[40];
-      for(i=0, iByte=0; i<sizeof(zDecoded)*2 && sqlite3Isxdigit(zKey[i]); i++){
-        iByte = (iByte<<4) + sqlite3HexToInt(zKey[i]);
-        if( (i&1)!=0 ) zDecoded[i/2] = iByte;
-      }
-      sqlite3_key_v2(db, 0, zDecoded, i/2);
-    }else if( (zKey = sqlite3_uri_parameter(zOpen, "key"))!=0 ){
-      sqlite3_key_v2(db, 0, zKey, sqlite3Strlen30(zKey));
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-  sqlite3_free(zOpen);
+  sqlite3_free_filename(zOpen);
   return rc & 0xff;
 }
 
+
 /*
 ** Open a new database handle.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
-  const char *zFilename, 
-  sqlite3 **ppDb 
+  const char *zFilename,
+  sqlite3 **ppDb
 ){
   return openDatabase(zFilename, ppDb,
                       SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, 0);
@@ -155080,7 +165241,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
 ** Open a new database handle.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
-  const void *zFilename, 
+  const void *zFilename,
   sqlite3 **ppDb
 ){
   char const *zFilename8;   /* zFilename encoded in UTF-8 instead of UTF-16 */
@@ -155119,9 +165280,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
 ** Register a new collation sequence with the database handle db.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
-  sqlite3* db, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int enc, 
+  sqlite3* db,
+  const char *zName,
+  int enc,
   void* pCtx,
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
 ){
@@ -155132,9 +165293,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
 ** Register a new collation sequence with the database handle db.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
-  sqlite3* db, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int enc, 
+  sqlite3* db,
+  const char *zName,
+  int enc,
   void* pCtx,
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
   void(*xDel)(void*)
@@ -155157,9 +165318,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
 ** Register a new collation sequence with the database handle db.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
-  sqlite3* db, 
+  sqlite3* db,
   const void *zName,
-  int enc, 
+  int enc,
   void* pCtx,
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
 ){
@@ -155187,8 +165348,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
 ** db. Replace any previously installed collation sequence factory.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  void *pCollNeededArg, 
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pCollNeededArg,
   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
 ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
@@ -155208,8 +165369,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
 ** db. Replace any previously installed collation sequence factory.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  void *pCollNeededArg, 
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pCollNeededArg,
   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
 ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
@@ -155278,13 +165439,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CantopenError(int lineno){
   testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
   return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN, lineno, "cannot open file");
 }
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CORRUPT_PGNO)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int lineno, Pgno pgno){
   char zMsg[100];
   sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zMsg), zMsg, "database corruption page %d", pgno);
   testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
   return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_CORRUPT, lineno, zMsg);
 }
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3NomemError(int lineno){
   testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
   return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_NOMEM, lineno, "OOM");
@@ -155379,13 +165542,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
   /* The following block stores the meta information that will be returned
   ** to the caller in local variables zDataType, zCollSeq, notnull, primarykey
   ** and autoinc. At this point there are two possibilities:
-  ** 
-  **     1. The specified column name was rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" 
-  **        and there is no explicitly declared IPK column. 
   **
-  **     2. The table is not a view and the column name identified an 
+  **     1. The specified column name was rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_"
+  **        and there is no explicitly declared IPK column.
+  **
+  **     2. The table is not a view and the column name identified an
   **        explicitly declared column. Copy meta information from *pCol.
-  */ 
+  */
   if( pCol ){
     zDataType = sqlite3ColumnType(pCol,0);
     zCollSeq = pCol->zColl;
@@ -155435,7 +165598,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int ms){
   pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
   if( pVfs==0 ) return 0;
 
-  /* This function works in milliseconds, but the underlying OsSleep() 
+  /* This function works in milliseconds, but the underlying OsSleep()
   ** API uses microseconds. Hence the 1000's.
   */
   rc = (sqlite3OsSleep(pVfs, 1000*ms)/1000);
@@ -155487,8 +165650,17 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName, int op, vo
     }else if( op==SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION ){
       *(unsigned int*)pArg = sqlite3PagerDataVersion(pPager);
       rc = SQLITE_OK;
+    }else if( op==SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES ){
+      int iNew = *(int*)pArg;
+      *(int*)pArg = sqlite3BtreeGetRequestedReserve(pBtree);
+      if( iNew>=0 && iNew<=255 ){
+        sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(pBtree, 0, iNew, 0);
+      }
+      rc = SQLITE_OK;
     }else{
+      int nSave = db->busyHandler.nBusy;
       rc = sqlite3OsFileControl(fd, op, pArg);
+      db->busyHandler.nBusy = nSave;
     }
     sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBtree);
   }
@@ -155526,15 +165698,38 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...){
       break;
     }
 
-    /*
-    ** Reset the PRNG back to its uninitialized state.  The next call
-    ** to sqlite3_randomness() will reseed the PRNG using a single call
-    ** to the xRandomness method of the default VFS.
+    /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED, int x, sqlite3 *db);
+    **
+    ** Control the seed for the pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) that
+    ** is built into SQLite.  Cases:
+    **
+    **    x!=0 && db!=0       Seed the PRNG to the current value of the
+    **                        schema cookie in the main database for db, or
+    **                        x if the schema cookie is zero.  This case
+    **                        is convenient to use with database fuzzers
+    **                        as it allows the fuzzer some control over the
+    **                        the PRNG seed.
+    **
+    **    x!=0 && db==0       Seed the PRNG to the value of x.
+    **
+    **    x==0 && db==0       Revert to default behavior of using the
+    **                        xRandomness method on the primary VFS.
+    **
+    ** This test-control also resets the PRNG so that the new seed will
+    ** be used for the next call to sqlite3_randomness().
     */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET: {
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
+    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED: {
+      int x = va_arg(ap, int);
+      int y;
+      sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
+      assert( db==0 || db->aDb[0].pSchema!=0 );
+      if( db && (y = db->aDb[0].pSchema->schema_cookie)!=0 ){ x = y; }
+      sqlite3Config.iPrngSeed = x;
       sqlite3_randomness(0,0);
       break;
     }
+#endif
 
     /*
     **  sqlite3_test_control(BITVEC_TEST, size, program)
@@ -155576,7 +165771,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...){
     /*
     **  sqlite3_test_control(BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS, xBegin, xEnd)
     **
-    ** Register hooks to call to indicate which malloc() failures 
+    ** Register hooks to call to indicate which malloc() failures
     ** are benign.
     */
     case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS: {
@@ -155674,29 +165869,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...){
     **      10     little-endian, determined at run-time
     **  432101     big-endian,    determined at compile-time
     **  123410     little-endian, determined at compile-time
-    */ 
+    */
     case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER: {
       rc = SQLITE_BYTEORDER*100 + SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN*10 + SQLITE_BIGENDIAN;
       break;
     }
 
-    /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE, sqlite3 *db, int N)
-    **
-    ** Set the nReserve size to N for the main database on the database
-    ** connection db.
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE: {
-      sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
-      int x = va_arg(ap,int);
-      sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
-      sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(db->aDb[0].pBt, 0, x, 0);
-      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-      break;
-    }
-
     /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS, sqlite3 *db, int N)
     **
-    ** Enable or disable various optimizations for testing purposes.  The 
+    ** Enable or disable various optimizations for testing purposes.  The
     ** argument N is a bitmask of optimizations to be disabled.  For normal
     ** operation N should be 0.  The idea is that a test program (like the
     ** SQL Logic Test or SLT test module) can run the same SQL multiple times
@@ -155711,15 +165892,25 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...){
 
     /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT, int onoff);
     **
-    ** If parameter onoff is non-zero, configure the wrappers so that all
-    ** subsequent calls to localtime() and variants fail. If onoff is zero,
-    ** undo this setting.
+    ** If parameter onoff is non-zero, subsequent calls to localtime()
+    ** and its variants fail. If onoff is zero, undo this setting.
     */
     case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT: {
       sqlite3GlobalConfig.bLocaltimeFault = va_arg(ap, int);
       break;
     }
 
+    /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS, sqlite3*);
+    **
+    ** Toggle the ability to use internal functions on or off for
+    ** the database connection given in the argument.
+    */
+    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS: {
+      sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
+      db->mDbFlags ^= DBFLAG_InternalFunc;
+      break;
+    }
+
     /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT, int);
     **
     ** Set or clear a flag that indicates that the database file is always well-
@@ -155733,6 +165924,23 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...){
       break;
     }
 
+    /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS, int);
+    **
+    ** Set or clear a flag that causes SQLite to verify that type, name,
+    ** and tbl_name fields of the sqlite_schema table.  This is normally
+    ** on, but it is sometimes useful to turn it off for testing.
+    **
+    ** 2020-07-22:  Disabling EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS also disables the
+    ** verification of rootpage numbers when parsing the schema.  This
+    ** is useful to make it easier to reach strange internal error states
+    ** during testing.  The EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS setting is always enabled
+    ** in production.
+    */
+    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS: {
+      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bExtraSchemaChecks = va_arg(ap, int);
+      break;
+    }
+
     /* Set the threshold at which OP_Once counters reset back to zero.
     ** By default this is 0x7ffffffe (over 2 billion), but that value is
     ** too big to test in a reasonable amount of time, so this control is
@@ -155745,7 +165953,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...){
 
     /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE, xCallback, ptr);
     **
-    ** Set the VDBE coverage callback function to xCallback with context 
+    ** Set the VDBE coverage callback function to xCallback with context
     ** pointer ptr.
     */
     case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE: {
@@ -155819,15 +166027,127 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...){
       break;
     }
 #endif /* defined(YYCOVERAGE) */
+
+    /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL, sqlite3_context*);
+    **
+    ** This test-control causes the most recent sqlite3_result_int64() value
+    ** to be interpreted as a MEM_IntReal instead of as an MEM_Int.  Normally,
+    ** MEM_IntReal values only arise during an INSERT operation of integer
+    ** values into a REAL column, so they can be challenging to test.  This
+    ** test-control enables us to write an intreal() SQL function that can
+    ** inject an intreal() value at arbitrary places in an SQL statement,
+    ** for testing purposes.
+    */
+    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL: {
+      sqlite3_context *pCtx = va_arg(ap, sqlite3_context*);
+      sqlite3ResultIntReal(pCtx);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT,
+    **    sqlite3 *db,    // Database connection
+    **    u64 *pnSeek     // Write seek count here
+    **  );
+    **
+    ** This test-control queries the seek-counter on the "main" database
+    ** file.  The seek-counter is written into *pnSeek and is then reset.
+    ** The seek-count is only available if compiled with SQLITE_DEBUG.
+    */
+    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT: {
+      sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
+      u64 *pn = va_arg(ap, sqlite3_uint64*);
+      *pn = sqlite3BtreeSeekCount(db->aDb->pBt);
+      (void)db;  /* Silence harmless unused variable warning */
+      break;
+    }
+
+
   }
   va_end(ap);
 #endif /* SQLITE_UNTESTABLE */
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** The Pager stores the Database filename, Journal filename, and WAL filename
+** consecutively in memory, in that order.  The database filename is prefixed
+** by four zero bytes.  Locate the start of the database filename by searching
+** backwards for the first byte following four consecutive zero bytes.
+**
+** This only works if the filename passed in was obtained from the Pager.
+*/
+static const char *databaseName(const char *zName){
+  while( zName[-1]!=0 || zName[-2]!=0 || zName[-3]!=0 || zName[-4]!=0 ){
+    zName--;
+  }
+  return zName;
+}
+
+/*
+** Append text z[] to the end of p[].  Return a pointer to the first
+** character after then zero terminator on the new text in p[].
+*/
+static char *appendText(char *p, const char *z){
+  size_t n = strlen(z);
+  memcpy(p, z, n+1);
+  return p+n+1;
+}
+
+/*
+** Allocate memory to hold names for a database, journal file, WAL file,
+** and query parameters.  The pointer returned is valid for use by
+** sqlite3_filename_database() and sqlite3_uri_parameter() and related
+** functions.
+**
+** Memory layout must be compatible with that generated by the pager
+** and expected by sqlite3_uri_parameter() and databaseName().
+*/
+SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_create_filename(
+  const char *zDatabase,
+  const char *zJournal,
+  const char *zWal,
+  int nParam,
+  const char **azParam
+){
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte;
+  int i;
+  char *pResult, *p;
+  nByte = strlen(zDatabase) + strlen(zJournal) + strlen(zWal) + 10;
+  for(i=0; i<nParam*2; i++){
+    nByte += strlen(azParam[i])+1;
+  }
+  pResult = p = sqlite3_malloc64( nByte );
+  if( p==0 ) return 0;
+  memset(p, 0, 4);
+  p += 4;
+  p = appendText(p, zDatabase);
+  for(i=0; i<nParam*2; i++){
+    p = appendText(p, azParam[i]);
+  }
+  *(p++) = 0;
+  p = appendText(p, zJournal);
+  p = appendText(p, zWal);
+  *(p++) = 0;
+  *(p++) = 0;
+  assert( (sqlite3_int64)(p - pResult)==nByte );
+  return pResult + 4;
+}
+
+/*
+** Free memory obtained from sqlite3_create_filename().  It is a severe
+** error to call this routine with any parameter other than a pointer
+** previously obtained from sqlite3_create_filename() or a NULL pointer.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_filename(char *p){
+  if( p==0 ) return;
+  p = (char*)databaseName(p);
+  sqlite3_free(p - 4);
+}
+
+
 /*
 ** This is a utility routine, useful to VFS implementations, that checks
-** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query 
+** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
 ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of the query parameter.
 **
 ** The zFilename argument is the filename pointer passed into the xOpen()
@@ -155838,14 +166158,22 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...){
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam){
   if( zFilename==0 || zParam==0 ) return 0;
+  zFilename = databaseName(zFilename);
+  return uriParameter(zFilename, zParam);
+}
+
+/*
+** Return a pointer to the name of Nth query parameter of the filename.
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_key(const char *zFilename, int N){
+  if( zFilename==0 || N<0 ) return 0;
+  zFilename = databaseName(zFilename);
   zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
-  while( zFilename[0] ){
-    int x = strcmp(zFilename, zParam);
+  while( zFilename[0] && (N--)>0 ){
     zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
-    if( x==0 ) return zFilename;
     zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
   }
-  return 0;
+  return zFilename[0] ? zFilename : 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -155873,6 +166201,38 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(
   return bDflt;
 }
 
+/*
+** Translate a filename that was handed to a VFS routine into the corresponding
+** database, journal, or WAL file.
+**
+** It is an error to pass this routine a filename string that was not
+** passed into the VFS from the SQLite core.  Doing so is similar to
+** passing free() a pointer that was not obtained from malloc() - it is
+** an error that we cannot easily detect but that will likely cause memory
+** corruption.
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_database(const char *zFilename){
+  return databaseName(zFilename);
+}
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_journal(const char *zFilename){
+  zFilename = databaseName(zFilename);
+  zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
+  while( zFilename[0] ){
+    zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
+    zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
+  }
+  return zFilename + 1;
+}
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_wal(const char *zFilename){
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
+  return 0;
+#else
+  zFilename = sqlite3_filename_journal(zFilename);
+  zFilename += sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename) + 1;
+  return zFilename;
+#endif
+}
+
 /*
 ** Return the Btree pointer identified by zDbName.  Return NULL if not found.
 */
@@ -155915,11 +166275,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName){
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
 /*
-** Obtain a snapshot handle for the snapshot of database zDb currently 
+** Obtain a snapshot handle for the snapshot of database zDb currently
 ** being read by handle db.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
+  sqlite3 *db,
   const char *zDb,
   sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
 ){
@@ -155937,7 +166297,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
     int iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDb);
     if( iDb==0 || iDb>1 ){
       Btree *pBt = db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
-      if( 0==sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pBt) ){
+      if( SQLITE_TXN_WRITE!=sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt) ){
         rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pBt, 0, 0);
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           rc = sqlite3PagerSnapshotGet(sqlite3BtreePager(pBt), ppSnapshot);
@@ -155955,8 +166315,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
 ** Open a read-transaction on the snapshot idendified by pSnapshot.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  const char *zDb, 
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  const char *zDb,
   sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
@@ -155973,10 +166333,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
     iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDb);
     if( iDb==0 || iDb>1 ){
       Btree *pBt = db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
-      if( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pBt)==0 ){
+      if( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt)!=SQLITE_TXN_WRITE ){
         Pager *pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt);
         int bUnlock = 0;
-        if( sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(pBt) ){
+        if( sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt)!=SQLITE_TXN_NONE ){
           if( db->nVdbeActive==0 ){
             rc = sqlite3PagerSnapshotCheck(pPager, pSnapshot);
             if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -156025,7 +166385,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb){
   iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDb);
   if( iDb==0 || iDb>1 ){
     Btree *pBt = db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
-    if( 0==sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(pBt) ){
+    if( SQLITE_TXN_NONE==sqlite3BtreeTxnState(pBt) ){
       rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pBt, 0, 0);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         rc = sqlite3PagerSnapshotRecover(sqlite3BtreePager(pBt));
@@ -156058,7 +166418,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName){
   int i, n;
   int nOpt;
   const char **azCompileOpt;
- 
+
 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
   if( zOptName==0 ){
     (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
@@ -156071,7 +166431,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName){
   if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zOptName, "SQLITE_", 7)==0 ) zOptName += 7;
   n = sqlite3Strlen30(zOptName);
 
-  /* Since nOpt is normally in single digits, a linear search is 
+  /* Since nOpt is normally in single digits, a linear search is
   ** adequate. No need for a binary search. */
   for(i=0; i<nOpt; i++){
     if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zOptName, azCompileOpt[i], n)==0
@@ -156131,25 +166491,25 @@ SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N){
 */
 
 #define assertMutexHeld() \
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER)) )
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN)) )
 
 /*
 ** Head of a linked list of all sqlite3 objects created by this process
 ** for which either sqlite3.pBlockingConnection or sqlite3.pUnlockConnection
-** is not NULL. This variable may only accessed while the STATIC_MASTER
+** is not NULL. This variable may only accessed while the STATIC_MAIN
 ** mutex is held.
 */
 static sqlite3 *SQLITE_WSD sqlite3BlockedList = 0;
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
 /*
-** This function is a complex assert() that verifies the following 
+** This function is a complex assert() that verifies the following
 ** properties of the blocked connections list:
 **
-**   1) Each entry in the list has a non-NULL value for either 
+**   1) Each entry in the list has a non-NULL value for either
 **      pUnlockConnection or pBlockingConnection, or both.
 **
-**   2) All entries in the list that share a common value for 
+**   2) All entries in the list that share a common value for
 **      xUnlockNotify are grouped together.
 **
 **   3) If the argument db is not NULL, then none of the entries in the
@@ -156201,8 +166561,8 @@ static void addToBlockedList(sqlite3 *db){
   sqlite3 **pp;
   assertMutexHeld();
   for(
-    pp=&sqlite3BlockedList; 
-    *pp && (*pp)->xUnlockNotify!=db->xUnlockNotify; 
+    pp=&sqlite3BlockedList;
+    *pp && (*pp)->xUnlockNotify!=db->xUnlockNotify;
     pp=&(*pp)->pNextBlocked
   );
   db->pNextBlocked = *pp;
@@ -156210,20 +166570,20 @@ static void addToBlockedList(sqlite3 *db){
 }
 
 /*
-** Obtain the STATIC_MASTER mutex.
+** Obtain the STATIC_MAIN mutex.
 */
 static void enterMutex(void){
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN));
   checkListProperties(0);
 }
 
 /*
-** Release the STATIC_MASTER mutex.
+** Release the STATIC_MAIN mutex.
 */
 static void leaveMutex(void){
   assertMutexHeld();
   checkListProperties(0);
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -156264,9 +166624,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
     db->xUnlockNotify = 0;
     db->pUnlockArg = 0;
   }else if( 0==db->pBlockingConnection ){
-    /* The blocking transaction has been concluded. Or there never was a 
+    /* The blocking transaction has been concluded. Or there never was a
     ** blocking transaction. In either case, invoke the notify callback
-    ** immediately. 
+    ** immediately.
     */
     xNotify(&pArg, 1);
   }else{
@@ -156292,7 +166652,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is called while stepping or preparing a statement 
+** This function is called while stepping or preparing a statement
 ** associated with connection db. The operation will return SQLITE_LOCKED
 ** to the user because it requires a lock that will not be available
 ** until connection pBlocker concludes its current transaction.
@@ -156308,7 +166668,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *db, sqlite3 *pBlocker){
 
 /*
 ** This function is called when
-** the transaction opened by database db has just finished. Locks held 
+** the transaction opened by database db has just finished. Locks held
 ** by database connection db have been released.
 **
 ** This function loops through each entry in the blocked connections
@@ -156334,7 +166694,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db){
   void *aStatic[16];         /* Starter space for aArg[].  No malloc required */
 
   aArg = aStatic;
-  enterMutex();         /* Enter STATIC_MASTER mutex */
+  enterMutex();         /* Enter STATIC_MAIN mutex */
 
   /* This loop runs once for each entry in the blocked-connections list. */
   for(pp=&sqlite3BlockedList; *pp; /* no-op */ ){
@@ -156368,7 +166728,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db){
         }else{
           /* This occurs when the array of context pointers that need to
           ** be passed to the unlock-notify callback is larger than the
-          ** aStatic[] array allocated on the stack and the attempt to 
+          ** aStatic[] array allocated on the stack and the attempt to
           ** allocate a larger array from the heap has failed.
           **
           ** This is a difficult situation to handle. Returning an error
@@ -156376,17 +166736,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db){
           ** is returned the transaction on connection db will still be
           ** closed and the unlock-notify callbacks on blocked connections
           ** will go unissued. This might cause the application to wait
-          ** indefinitely for an unlock-notify callback that will never 
+          ** indefinitely for an unlock-notify callback that will never
           ** arrive.
           **
           ** Instead, invoke the unlock-notify callback with the context
           ** array already accumulated. We can then clear the array and
-          ** begin accumulating any further context pointers without 
+          ** begin accumulating any further context pointers without
           ** requiring any dynamic allocation. This is sub-optimal because
           ** it means that instead of one callback with a large array of
           ** context pointers the application will receive two or more
           ** callbacks with smaller arrays of context pointers, which will
-          ** reduce the applications ability to prioritize multiple 
+          ** reduce the applications ability to prioritize multiple
           ** connections. But it is the best that can be done under the
           ** circumstances.
           */
@@ -156417,11 +166777,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db){
     xUnlockNotify(aArg, nArg);
   }
   sqlite3_free(aDyn);
-  leaveMutex();         /* Leave STATIC_MASTER mutex */
+  leaveMutex();         /* Leave STATIC_MAIN mutex */
 }
 
 /*
-** This is called when the database connection passed as an argument is 
+** This is called when the database connection passed as an argument is
 ** being closed. The connection is removed from the blocked list.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db){
@@ -156498,7 +166858,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db){
 ** A doclist (document list) holds a docid-sorted list of hits for a
 ** given term.  Doclists hold docids and associated token positions.
 ** A docid is the unique integer identifier for a single document.
-** A position is the index of a word within the document.  The first 
+** A position is the index of a word within the document.  The first
 ** word of the document has a position of 0.
 **
 ** FTS3 used to optionally store character offsets using a compile-time
@@ -156523,7 +166883,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db){
 **
 ** Here, array { X } means zero or more occurrences of X, adjacent in
 ** memory.  A "position" is an index of a token in the token stream
-** generated by the tokenizer. Note that POS_END and POS_COLUMN occur 
+** generated by the tokenizer. Note that POS_END and POS_COLUMN occur
 ** in the same logical place as the position element, and act as sentinals
 ** ending a position list array.  POS_END is 0.  POS_COLUMN is 1.
 ** The positions numbers are not stored literally but rather as two more
@@ -156547,7 +166907,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db){
 ** a document record consists of a docid followed by a position-list and
 ** a doclist consists of one or more document records.
 **
-** A bare doclist omits the position information, becoming an 
+** A bare doclist omits the position information, becoming an
 ** array of varint-encoded docids.
 **
 **** Segment leaf nodes ****
@@ -156743,7 +167103,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db){
 #ifndef _FTSINT_H
 #define _FTSINT_H
 
-#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) 
+#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
 # define NDEBUG 1
 #endif
 
@@ -156766,7 +167126,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db){
 
 /* If not building as part of the core, include sqlite3ext.h. */
 #ifndef SQLITE_CORE
-/* # include "sqlite3ext.h"  */
+/* # include "sqlite3ext.h" */
 SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT3
 #endif
 
@@ -156810,7 +167170,7 @@ SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT3
 ** When an fts3 table is created, it passes any arguments passed to
 ** the tokenizer clause of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement to the
 ** sqlite3_tokenizer_module.xCreate() function of the requested tokenizer
-** implementation. The xCreate() function in turn returns an 
+** implementation. The xCreate() function in turn returns an
 ** sqlite3_tokenizer structure representing the specific tokenizer to
 ** be used for the fts3 table (customized by the tokenizer clause arguments).
 **
@@ -156842,7 +167202,7 @@ struct sqlite3_tokenizer_module {
   ** then argc is set to 2, and the argv[] array contains pointers
   ** to the strings "arg1" and "arg2".
   **
-  ** This method should return either SQLITE_OK (0), or an SQLite error 
+  ** This method should return either SQLITE_OK (0), or an SQLite error
   ** code. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then *ppTokenizer should be set
   ** to point at the newly created tokenizer structure. The generic
   ** sqlite3_tokenizer.pModule variable should not be initialized by
@@ -156863,7 +167223,7 @@ struct sqlite3_tokenizer_module {
   /*
   ** Create a tokenizer cursor to tokenize an input buffer. The caller
   ** is responsible for ensuring that the input buffer remains valid
-  ** until the cursor is closed (using the xClose() method). 
+  ** until the cursor is closed (using the xClose() method).
   */
   int (*xOpen)(
     sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer,       /* Tokenizer object */
@@ -156872,7 +167232,7 @@ struct sqlite3_tokenizer_module {
   );
 
   /*
-  ** Destroy an existing tokenizer cursor. The fts3 module calls this 
+  ** Destroy an existing tokenizer cursor. The fts3 module calls this
   ** method exactly once for each successful call to xOpen().
   */
   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCursor);
@@ -156883,7 +167243,7 @@ struct sqlite3_tokenizer_module {
   ** "OUT" variables identified below, or SQLITE_DONE to indicate that
   ** the end of the buffer has been reached, or an SQLite error code.
   **
-  ** *ppToken should be set to point at a buffer containing the 
+  ** *ppToken should be set to point at a buffer containing the
   ** normalized version of the token (i.e. after any case-folding and/or
   ** stemming has been performed). *pnBytes should be set to the length
   ** of this buffer in bytes. The input text that generated the token is
@@ -156895,7 +167255,7 @@ struct sqlite3_tokenizer_module {
   **
   ** The buffer *ppToken is set to point at is managed by the tokenizer
   ** implementation. It is only required to be valid until the next call
-  ** to xNext() or xClose(). 
+  ** to xNext() or xClose().
   */
   /* TODO(shess) current implementation requires pInput to be
   ** nul-terminated.  This should either be fixed, or pInput/nBytes
@@ -156913,7 +167273,7 @@ struct sqlite3_tokenizer_module {
   ** Methods below this point are only available if iVersion>=1.
   */
 
-  /* 
+  /*
   ** Configure the language id of a tokenizer cursor.
   */
   int (*xLanguageid)(sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCsr, int iLangid);
@@ -156982,7 +167342,7 @@ struct Fts3Hash {
   } *ht;
 };
 
-/* Each element in the hash table is an instance of the following 
+/* Each element in the hash table is an instance of the following
 ** structure.  All elements are stored on a single doubly-linked list.
 **
 ** Again, this structure is intended to be opaque, but it can't really
@@ -157001,10 +167361,10 @@ struct Fts3HashElem {
 **                           (including the null-terminator, if any).  Case
 **                           is respected in comparisons.
 **
-**   FTS3_HASH_BINARY        pKey points to binary data nKey bytes long. 
+**   FTS3_HASH_BINARY        pKey points to binary data nKey bytes long.
 **                           memcmp() is used to compare keys.
 **
-** A copy of the key is made if the copyKey parameter to fts3HashInit is 1.  
+** A copy of the key is made if the copyKey parameter to fts3HashInit is 1.
 */
 #define FTS3_HASH_STRING    1
 #define FTS3_HASH_BINARY    2
@@ -157057,7 +167417,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Fts3HashElem *sqlite3Fts3HashFindElem(const Fts3Hash *, const voi
 
 /*
 ** This constant determines the maximum depth of an FTS expression tree
-** that the library will create and use. FTS uses recursion to perform 
+** that the library will create and use. FTS uses recursion to perform
 ** various operations on the query tree, so the disadvantage of a large
 ** limit is that it may allow very large queries to use large amounts
 ** of stack space (perhaps causing a stack overflow).
@@ -157075,11 +167435,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Fts3HashElem *sqlite3Fts3HashFindElem(const Fts3Hash *, const voi
 #define FTS3_MERGE_COUNT 16
 
 /*
-** This is the maximum amount of data (in bytes) to store in the 
+** This is the maximum amount of data (in bytes) to store in the
 ** Fts3Table.pendingTerms hash table. Normally, the hash table is
 ** populated as documents are inserted/updated/deleted in a transaction
 ** and used to create a new segment when the transaction is committed.
-** However if this limit is reached midway through a transaction, a new 
+** However if this limit is reached midway through a transaction, a new
 ** segment is created and the hash table cleared immediately.
 */
 #define FTS3_MAX_PENDING_DATA (1*1024*1024)
@@ -157105,10 +167465,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Fts3HashElem *sqlite3Fts3HashFindElem(const Fts3Hash *, const voi
 */
 #define FTS3_VARINT_MAX 10
 
+#define FTS3_BUFFER_PADDING 8
+
 /*
 ** FTS4 virtual tables may maintain multiple indexes - one index of all terms
 ** in the document set and zero or more prefix indexes. All indexes are stored
-** as one or more b+-trees in the %_segments and %_segdir tables. 
+** as one or more b+-trees in the %_segments and %_segdir tables.
 **
 ** It is possible to determine which index a b+-tree belongs to based on the
 ** value stored in the "%_segdir.level" column. Given this value L, the index
@@ -157116,8 +167478,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Fts3HashElem *sqlite3Fts3HashFindElem(const Fts3Hash *, const voi
 ** level values between 0 and 1023 (inclusive) belong to index 0, all levels
 ** between 1024 and 2047 to index 1, and so on.
 **
-** It is considered impossible for an index to use more than 1024 levels. In 
-** theory though this may happen, but only after at least 
+** It is considered impossible for an index to use more than 1024 levels. In
+** theory though this may happen, but only after at least
 ** (FTS3_MERGE_COUNT^1024) separate flushes of the pending-terms tables.
 */
 #define FTS3_SEGDIR_MAXLEVEL      1024
@@ -157135,11 +167497,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Fts3HashElem *sqlite3Fts3HashFindElem(const Fts3Hash *, const voi
 ** Terminator values for position-lists and column-lists.
 */
 #define POS_COLUMN  (1)     /* Column-list terminator */
-#define POS_END     (0)     /* Position-list terminator */ 
+#define POS_END     (0)     /* Position-list terminator */
+
+/*
+** The assert_fts3_nc() macro is similar to the assert() macro, except that it
+** is used for assert() conditions that are true only if it can be
+** guranteed that the database is not corrupt.
+*/
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
+SQLITE_API extern int sqlite3_fts3_may_be_corrupt;
+# define assert_fts3_nc(x) assert(sqlite3_fts3_may_be_corrupt || (x))
+#else
+# define assert_fts3_nc(x) assert(x)
+#endif
 
 /*
 ** This section provides definitions to allow the
-** FTS3 extension to be compiled outside of the 
+** FTS3 extension to be compiled outside of the
 ** amalgamation.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
@@ -157177,7 +167551,7 @@ typedef sqlite3_int64 i64;        /* 8-byte signed integer */
 /*
 ** Activate assert() only if SQLITE_TEST is enabled.
 */
-#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) 
+#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
 # define NDEBUG 1
 #endif
 
@@ -157192,6 +167566,11 @@ typedef sqlite3_int64 i64;        /* 8-byte signed integer */
 # define TESTONLY(X)
 #endif
 
+#define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
+#define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
+
+#define deliberate_fall_through
+
 #endif /* SQLITE_AMALGAMATION */
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
@@ -157235,9 +167614,10 @@ struct Fts3Table {
   char *zLanguageid;              /* languageid=xxx option, or NULL */
   int nAutoincrmerge;             /* Value configured by 'automerge' */
   u32 nLeafAdd;                   /* Number of leaf blocks added this trans */
+  int bLock;                      /* Used to prevent recursive content= tbls */
 
-  /* Precompiled statements used by the implementation. Each of these 
-  ** statements is run and reset within a single virtual table API call. 
+  /* Precompiled statements used by the implementation. Each of these
+  ** statements is run and reset within a single virtual table API call.
   */
   sqlite3_stmt *aStmt[40];
   sqlite3_stmt *pSeekStmt;        /* Cache for fts3CursorSeekStmt() */
@@ -157255,8 +167635,8 @@ struct Fts3Table {
   char *zSegmentsTbl;             /* Name of %_segments table */
   sqlite3_blob *pSegments;        /* Blob handle open on %_segments table */
 
-  /* 
-  ** The following array of hash tables is used to buffer pending index 
+  /*
+  ** The following array of hash tables is used to buffer pending index
   ** updates during transactions. All pending updates buffered at any one
   ** time must share a common language-id (see the FTS4 langid= feature).
   ** The current language id is stored in variable iPrevLangid.
@@ -157266,10 +167646,10 @@ struct Fts3Table {
   ** terms that appear in the document set. Each subsequent index in aIndex[]
   ** is an index of prefixes of a specific length.
   **
-  ** Variable nPendingData contains an estimate the memory consumed by the 
+  ** Variable nPendingData contains an estimate the memory consumed by the
   ** pending data structures, including hash table overhead, but not including
   ** malloc overhead.  When nPendingData exceeds nMaxPendingData, all hash
-  ** tables are flushed to disk. Variable iPrevDocid is the docid of the most 
+  ** tables are flushed to disk. Variable iPrevDocid is the docid of the most
   ** recently inserted record.
   */
   int nIndex;                     /* Size of aIndex[] */
@@ -157293,13 +167673,23 @@ struct Fts3Table {
   int mxSavepoint;       /* Largest valid xSavepoint integer */
 #endif
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
   /* True to disable the incremental doclist optimization. This is controled
   ** by special insert command 'test-no-incr-doclist'.  */
   int bNoIncrDoclist;
+
+  /* Number of segments in a level */
+  int nMergeCount;
 #endif
 };
 
+/* Macro to find the number of segments to merge */
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
+# define MergeCount(P) ((P)->nMergeCount)
+#else
+# define MergeCount(P) FTS3_MERGE_COUNT
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** When the core wants to read from the virtual table, it creates a
 ** virtual table cursor (an instance of the following structure) using
@@ -157342,10 +167732,10 @@ struct Fts3Cursor {
 **
 **     CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE ex1 USING fts3(a,b,c,d);
 **     SELECT docid FROM ex1 WHERE b MATCH 'one two three';
-** 
+**
 ** Because the LHS of the MATCH operator is 2nd column "b",
 ** Fts3Cursor.eSearch will be set to FTS3_FULLTEXT_SEARCH+1.  (+0 for a,
-** +1 for b, +2 for c, +3 for d.)  If the LHS of MATCH were "ex1" 
+** +1 for b, +2 for c, +3 for d.)  If the LHS of MATCH were "ex1"
 ** indicating that all columns should be searched,
 ** then eSearch would be set to FTS3_FULLTEXT_SEARCH+4.
 */
@@ -157404,8 +167794,8 @@ struct Fts3Phrase {
   char *pOrPoslist;
   i64 iOrDocid;
 
-  /* Variables below this point are populated by fts3_expr.c when parsing 
-  ** a MATCH expression. Everything above is part of the evaluation phase. 
+  /* Variables below this point are populated by fts3_expr.c when parsing
+  ** a MATCH expression. Everything above is part of the evaluation phase.
   */
   int nToken;                /* Number of tokens in the phrase */
   int iColumn;               /* Index of column this phrase must match */
@@ -157415,10 +167805,10 @@ struct Fts3Phrase {
 /*
 ** A tree of these objects forms the RHS of a MATCH operator.
 **
-** If Fts3Expr.eType is FTSQUERY_PHRASE and isLoaded is true, then aDoclist 
-** points to a malloced buffer, size nDoclist bytes, containing the results 
-** of this phrase query in FTS3 doclist format. As usual, the initial 
-** "Length" field found in doclists stored on disk is omitted from this 
+** If Fts3Expr.eType is FTSQUERY_PHRASE and isLoaded is true, then aDoclist
+** points to a malloced buffer, size nDoclist bytes, containing the results
+** of this phrase query in FTS3 doclist format. As usual, the initial
+** "Length" field found in doclists stored on disk is omitted from this
 ** buffer.
 **
 ** Variable aMI is used only for FTSQUERY_NEAR nodes to store the global
@@ -157430,7 +167820,7 @@ struct Fts3Phrase {
 **   aMI[iCol*3 + 1] = Number of occurrences
 **   aMI[iCol*3 + 2] = Number of rows containing at least one instance
 **
-** The aMI array is allocated using sqlite3_malloc(). It should be freed 
+** The aMI array is allocated using sqlite3_malloc(). It should be freed
 ** when the expression node is.
 */
 struct Fts3Expr {
@@ -157454,7 +167844,7 @@ struct Fts3Expr {
 
 /*
 ** Candidate values for Fts3Query.eType. Note that the order of the first
-** four values is in order of precedence when parsing expressions. For 
+** four values is in order of precedence when parsing expressions. For
 ** example, the following:
 **
 **   "a OR b AND c NOT d NEAR e"
@@ -157511,7 +167901,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStart(Fts3Table*, Fts3MultiSegReader*, Ft
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStep(Fts3Table *, Fts3MultiSegReader *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3SegReaderFinish(Fts3MultiSegReader *);
 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderCursor(Fts3Table *, 
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderCursor(Fts3Table *,
     int, int, int, const char *, int, int, int, Fts3MultiSegReader *);
 
 /* Flags allowed as part of the 4th argument to SegmentReaderIterate() */
@@ -157563,6 +167953,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Incrmerge(Fts3Table*,int,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3ErrMsg(char**,const char*,...);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(char *, sqlite3_int64);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(const char *, sqlite_int64 *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3GetVarintU(const char *, sqlite_uint64 *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3GetVarintBounded(const char*,const char*,sqlite3_int64*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(const char *, int *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(sqlite3_uint64);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Dequote(char *);
@@ -157571,11 +167963,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3EvalPhraseStats(Fts3Cursor *, Fts3Expr *, u32 *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3FirstFilter(sqlite3_int64, char *, int, char *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3CreateStatTable(int*, Fts3Table*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3EvalTestDeferred(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, int *pRc);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ReadInt(const char *z, int *pnOut);
 
 /* fts3_tokenizer.c */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3Fts3NextToken(const char *, int *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitHashTable(sqlite3 *, Fts3Hash *, const char *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitTokenizer(Fts3Hash *pHash, const char *, 
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitTokenizer(Fts3Hash *pHash, const char *,
     sqlite3_tokenizer **, char **
 );
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3IsIdChar(char);
@@ -157611,7 +168004,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MsrIncrStart(
     Fts3Table*, Fts3MultiSegReader*, int, const char*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MsrIncrNext(
     Fts3Table *, Fts3MultiSegReader *, sqlite3_int64 *, char **, int *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3EvalPhrasePoslist(Fts3Cursor *, Fts3Expr *, int iCol, char **); 
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3EvalPhrasePoslist(Fts3Cursor *, Fts3Expr *, int iCol, char **);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MsrOvfl(Fts3Cursor *, Fts3MultiSegReader *, int *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MsrIncrRestart(Fts3MultiSegReader *pCsr);
 
@@ -157644,7 +168037,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsdiacritic(int);
 /* #include <stdarg.h> */
 
 /* #include "fts3.h" */
-#ifndef SQLITE_CORE 
+#ifndef SQLITE_CORE
 /* # include "sqlite3ext.h" */
   SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
 #endif
@@ -157661,7 +168054,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Never(int b)  { assert( !b ); return b; }
 # endif
 #endif
 
-/* 
+/*
+** This variable is set to false when running tests for which the on disk
+** structures should not be corrupt. Otherwise, true. If it is false, extra
+** assert() conditions in the fts3 code are activated - conditions that are
+** only true if it is guaranteed that the fts3 database is not corrupt.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_fts3_may_be_corrupt = 1;
+
+/*
 ** Write a 64-bit variable-length integer to memory starting at p[0].
 ** The length of data written will be between 1 and FTS3_VARINT_MAX bytes.
 ** The number of bytes written is returned.
@@ -157679,18 +168080,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(char *p, sqlite_int64 v){
 }
 
 #define GETVARINT_STEP(v, ptr, shift, mask1, mask2, var, ret) \
-  v = (v & mask1) | ( (*ptr++) << shift );                    \
+  v = (v & mask1) | ( (*(const unsigned char*)(ptr++)) << shift );  \
   if( (v & mask2)==0 ){ var = v; return ret; }
 #define GETVARINT_INIT(v, ptr, shift, mask1, mask2, var, ret) \
   v = (*ptr++);                                               \
   if( (v & mask2)==0 ){ var = v; return ret; }
 
-/* 
-** Read a 64-bit variable-length integer from memory starting at p[0].
-** Return the number of bytes read, or 0 on error.
-** The value is stored in *v.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(const char *pBuf, sqlite_int64 *v){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3GetVarintU(const char *pBuf, sqlite_uint64 *v){
   const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char*)pBuf;
   const unsigned char *pStart = p;
   u32 a;
@@ -157713,24 +168109,60 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(const char *pBuf, sqlite_int64 *v){
 }
 
 /*
-** Similar to sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(), except that the output is truncated to 
+** Read a 64-bit variable-length integer from memory starting at p[0].
+** Return the number of bytes read, or 0 on error.
+** The value is stored in *v.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(const char *pBuf, sqlite_int64 *v){
+  return sqlite3Fts3GetVarintU(pBuf, (sqlite3_uint64*)v);
+}
+
+/*
+** Read a 64-bit variable-length integer from memory starting at p[0] and
+** not extending past pEnd[-1].
+** Return the number of bytes read, or 0 on error.
+** The value is stored in *v.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3GetVarintBounded(
+  const char *pBuf,
+  const char *pEnd,
+  sqlite_int64 *v
+){
+  const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char*)pBuf;
+  const unsigned char *pStart = p;
+  const unsigned char *pX = (const unsigned char*)pEnd;
+  u64 b = 0;
+  int shift;
+  for(shift=0; shift<=63; shift+=7){
+    u64 c = p<pX ? *p : 0;
+    p++;
+    b += (c&0x7F) << shift;
+    if( (c & 0x80)==0 ) break;
+  }
+  *v = b;
+  return (int)(p - pStart);
+}
+
+/*
+** Similar to sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(), except that the output is truncated to
 ** a non-negative 32-bit integer before it is returned.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3GetVarint32(const char *p, int *pi){
+  const unsigned char *ptr = (const unsigned char*)p;
   u32 a;
 
 #ifndef fts3GetVarint32
-  GETVARINT_INIT(a, p, 0,  0x00,     0x80, *pi, 1);
+  GETVARINT_INIT(a, ptr, 0,  0x00,     0x80, *pi, 1);
 #else
-  a = (*p++);
+  a = (*ptr++);
   assert( a & 0x80 );
 #endif
 
-  GETVARINT_STEP(a, p, 7,  0x7F,     0x4000, *pi, 2);
-  GETVARINT_STEP(a, p, 14, 0x3FFF,   0x200000, *pi, 3);
-  GETVARINT_STEP(a, p, 21, 0x1FFFFF, 0x10000000, *pi, 4);
+  GETVARINT_STEP(a, ptr, 7,  0x7F,     0x4000, *pi, 2);
+  GETVARINT_STEP(a, ptr, 14, 0x3FFF,   0x200000, *pi, 3);
+  GETVARINT_STEP(a, ptr, 21, 0x1FFFFF, 0x10000000, *pi, 4);
   a = (a & 0x0FFFFFFF );
-  *pi = (int)(a | ((u32)(*p & 0x07) << 28));
+  *pi = (int)(a | ((u32)(*ptr & 0x07) << 28));
   assert( 0==(a & 0x80000000) );
   assert( *pi>=0 );
   return 5;
@@ -157771,7 +168203,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Dequote(char *z){
     int iOut = 0;                 /* Index of next byte to write to output */
 
     /* If the first byte was a '[', then the close-quote character is a ']' */
-    if( quote=='[' ) quote = ']';  
+    if( quote=='[' ) quote = ']';
 
     while( z[iIn] ){
       if( z[iIn]==quote ){
@@ -157807,14 +168239,14 @@ static void fts3GetDeltaVarint(char **pp, sqlite3_int64 *pVal){
 ** varint is part of.
 */
 static void fts3GetReverseVarint(
-  char **pp, 
-  char *pStart, 
+  char **pp,
+  char *pStart,
   sqlite3_int64 *pVal
 ){
   sqlite3_int64 iVal;
   char *p;
 
-  /* Pointer p now points at the first byte past the varint we are 
+  /* Pointer p now points at the first byte past the varint we are
   ** interested in. So, unless the doclist is corrupt, the 0x80 bit is
   ** clear on character p[-1]. */
   for(p = (*pp)-2; p>=pStart && *p&0x80; p--);
@@ -157901,13 +168333,18 @@ static int fts3DestroyMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
   sqlite3 *db = p->db;             /* Database handle */
 
   /* Drop the shadow tables */
-  if( p->zContentTbl==0 ){
-    fts3DbExec(&rc, db, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_content'", zDb, p->zName);
-  }
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_segments'", zDb,p->zName);
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_segdir'", zDb, p->zName);
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_docsize'", zDb, p->zName);
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_stat'", zDb, p->zName);
+  fts3DbExec(&rc, db,
+    "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_segments';"
+    "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_segdir';"
+    "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_docsize';"
+    "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_stat';"
+    "%s DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_content';",
+    zDb, p->zName,
+    zDb, p->zName,
+    zDb, p->zName,
+    zDb, p->zName,
+    (p->zContentTbl ? "--" : ""), zDb,p->zName
+  );
 
   /* If everything has worked, invoke fts3DisconnectMethod() to free the
   ** memory associated with the Fts3Table structure and return SQLITE_OK.
@@ -157922,7 +168359,7 @@ static int fts3DestroyMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
 ** passed as the first argument. This is done as part of the xConnect()
 ** and xCreate() methods.
 **
-** If *pRc is non-zero when this function is called, it is a no-op. 
+** If *pRc is non-zero when this function is called, it is a no-op.
 ** Otherwise, if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is stored in *pRc
 ** before returning.
 */
@@ -157945,7 +168382,7 @@ static void fts3DeclareVtab(int *pRc, Fts3Table *p){
 
     /* Create the whole "CREATE TABLE" statement to pass to SQLite */
     zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-        "CREATE TABLE x(%s %Q HIDDEN, docid HIDDEN, %Q HIDDEN)", 
+        "CREATE TABLE x(%s %Q HIDDEN, docid HIDDEN, %Q HIDDEN)",
         zCols, p->zName, zLanguageid
     );
     if( !zCols || !zSql ){
@@ -157964,7 +168401,7 @@ static void fts3DeclareVtab(int *pRc, Fts3Table *p){
 ** Create the %_stat table if it does not already exist.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3CreateStatTable(int *pRc, Fts3Table *p){
-  fts3DbExec(pRc, p->db, 
+  fts3DbExec(pRc, p->db,
       "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS %Q.'%q_stat'"
           "(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value BLOB);",
       p->zDb, p->zName
@@ -158000,9 +168437,9 @@ static int fts3CreateTables(Fts3Table *p){
       zContentCols = sqlite3_mprintf("%z, langid", zContentCols, zLanguageid);
     }
     if( zContentCols==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  
+
     /* Create the content table */
-    fts3DbExec(&rc, db, 
+    fts3DbExec(&rc, db,
        "CREATE TABLE %Q.'%q_content'(%s)",
        p->zDb, p->zName, zContentCols
     );
@@ -158010,11 +168447,11 @@ static int fts3CreateTables(Fts3Table *p){
   }
 
   /* Create other tables */
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db, 
+  fts3DbExec(&rc, db,
       "CREATE TABLE %Q.'%q_segments'(blockid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, block BLOB);",
       p->zDb, p->zName
   );
-  fts3DbExec(&rc, db, 
+  fts3DbExec(&rc, db,
       "CREATE TABLE %Q.'%q_segdir'("
         "level INTEGER,"
         "idx INTEGER,"
@@ -158027,7 +168464,7 @@ static int fts3CreateTables(Fts3Table *p){
       p->zDb, p->zName
   );
   if( p->bHasDocsize ){
-    fts3DbExec(&rc, db, 
+    fts3DbExec(&rc, db,
         "CREATE TABLE %Q.'%q_docsize'(docid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, size BLOB);",
         p->zDb, p->zName
     );
@@ -158042,7 +168479,7 @@ static int fts3CreateTables(Fts3Table *p){
 /*
 ** Store the current database page-size in bytes in p->nPgsz.
 **
-** If *pRc is non-zero when this function is called, it is a no-op. 
+** If *pRc is non-zero when this function is called, it is a no-op.
 ** Otherwise, if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is stored in *pRc
 ** before returning.
 */
@@ -158051,7 +168488,7 @@ static void fts3DatabasePageSize(int *pRc, Fts3Table *p){
     int rc;                       /* Return code */
     char *zSql;                   /* SQL text "PRAGMA %Q.page_size" */
     sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;          /* Compiled "PRAGMA %Q.page_size" statement */
-  
+
     zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA %Q.page_size", p->zDb);
     if( !zSql ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -158077,11 +168514,11 @@ static void fts3DatabasePageSize(int *pRc, Fts3Table *p){
 **
 **   <key> = <value>
 **
-** There may not be whitespace surrounding the "=" character. The <value> 
+** There may not be whitespace surrounding the "=" character. The <value>
 ** term may be quoted, but the <key> may not.
 */
 static int fts3IsSpecialColumn(
-  const char *z, 
+  const char *z,
   int *pnKey,
   char **pzValue
 ){
@@ -158139,10 +168576,10 @@ static void fts3Appendf(
 ** memory.
 */
 static char *fts3QuoteId(char const *zInput){
-  int nRet;
+  sqlite3_int64 nRet;
   char *zRet;
   nRet = 2 + (int)strlen(zInput)*2 + 1;
-  zRet = sqlite3_malloc(nRet);
+  zRet = sqlite3_malloc64(nRet);
   if( zRet ){
     int i;
     char *z = zRet;
@@ -158158,7 +168595,7 @@ static char *fts3QuoteId(char const *zInput){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return a list of comma separated SQL expressions and a FROM clause that 
+** Return a list of comma separated SQL expressions and a FROM clause that
 ** could be used in a SELECT statement such as the following:
 **
 **     SELECT <list of expressions> FROM %_content AS x ...
@@ -158209,7 +168646,7 @@ static char *fts3ReadExprList(Fts3Table *p, const char *zFunc, int *pRc){
       fts3Appendf(pRc, &zRet, ", x.%Q", p->zLanguageid);
     }
   }
-  fts3Appendf(pRc, &zRet, " FROM '%q'.'%q%s' AS x", 
+  fts3Appendf(pRc, &zRet, " FROM '%q'.'%q%s' AS x",
       p->zDb,
       (p->zContentTbl ? p->zContentTbl : p->zName),
       (p->zContentTbl ? "" : "_content")
@@ -158224,7 +168661,7 @@ static char *fts3ReadExprList(Fts3Table *p, const char *zFunc, int *pRc){
 **
 ** If argument zFunc is not NULL, then all but the first question mark
 ** is preceded by zFunc and an open bracket, and followed by a closed
-** bracket. For example, if zFunc is "zip" and the FTS3 table has three 
+** bracket. For example, if zFunc is "zip" and the FTS3 table has three
 ** user-defined text columns, the following string is returned:
 **
 **     "?, zip(?), zip(?), zip(?)"
@@ -158259,13 +168696,29 @@ static char *fts3WriteExprList(Fts3Table *p, const char *zFunc, int *pRc){
   return zRet;
 }
 
+/*
+** Buffer z contains a positive integer value encoded as utf-8 text.
+** Decode this value and store it in *pnOut, returning the number of bytes
+** consumed. If an overflow error occurs return a negative value.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ReadInt(const char *z, int *pnOut){
+  u64 iVal = 0;
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; z[i]>='0' && z[i]<='9'; i++){
+    iVal = iVal*10 + (z[i] - '0');
+    if( iVal>0x7FFFFFFF ) return -1;
+  }
+  *pnOut = (int)iVal;
+  return i;
+}
+
 /*
 ** This function interprets the string at (*pp) as a non-negative integer
-** value. It reads the integer and sets *pnOut to the value read, then 
+** value. It reads the integer and sets *pnOut to the value read, then
 ** sets *pp to point to the byte immediately following the last byte of
 ** the integer value.
 **
-** Only decimal digits ('0'..'9') may be part of an integer value. 
+** Only decimal digits ('0'..'9') may be part of an integer value.
 **
 ** If *pp does not being with a decimal digit SQLITE_ERROR is returned and
 ** the output value undefined. Otherwise SQLITE_OK is returned.
@@ -158274,19 +168727,17 @@ static char *fts3WriteExprList(Fts3Table *p, const char *zFunc, int *pRc){
 */
 static int fts3GobbleInt(const char **pp, int *pnOut){
   const int MAX_NPREFIX = 10000000;
-  const char *p;                  /* Iterator pointer */
   int nInt = 0;                   /* Output value */
-
-  for(p=*pp; p[0]>='0' && p[0]<='9'; p++){
-    nInt = nInt * 10 + (p[0] - '0');
-    if( nInt>MAX_NPREFIX ){
-      nInt = 0;
-      break;
-    }
+  int nByte;
+  nByte = sqlite3Fts3ReadInt(*pp, &nInt);
+  if( nInt>MAX_NPREFIX ){
+    nInt = 0;
+  }
+  if( nByte==0 ){
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
-  if( p==*pp ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
   *pnOut = nInt;
-  *pp = p;
+  *pp += nByte;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -158323,7 +168774,7 @@ static int fts3PrefixParameter(
     }
   }
 
-  aIndex = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(struct Fts3Index) * nIndex);
+  aIndex = sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(struct Fts3Index) * nIndex);
   *apIndex = aIndex;
   if( !aIndex ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -158386,7 +168837,7 @@ static int fts3ContentColumns(
   char **pzErr                    /* OUT: error message */
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
-  char *zSql;                     /* "SELECT *" statement on zTbl */  
+  char *zSql;                     /* "SELECT *" statement on zTbl */
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;        /* Compiled version of zSql */
 
   zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT * FROM %Q.%Q", zDb, zTbl);
@@ -158402,7 +168853,7 @@ static int fts3ContentColumns(
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     const char **azCol;           /* Output array */
-    int nStr = 0;                 /* Size of all column names (incl. 0x00) */
+    sqlite3_int64 nStr = 0;       /* Size of all column names (incl. 0x00) */
     int nCol;                     /* Number of table columns */
     int i;                        /* Used to iterate through columns */
 
@@ -158412,11 +168863,11 @@ static int fts3ContentColumns(
     nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
     for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
       const char *zCol = sqlite3_column_name(pStmt, i);
-      nStr += (int)strlen(zCol) + 1;
+      nStr += strlen(zCol) + 1;
     }
 
     /* Allocate and populate the array to return. */
-    azCol = (const char **)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(char *) * nCol + nStr);
+    azCol = (const char **)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(char *) * nCol + nStr);
     if( azCol==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
@@ -158464,7 +168915,7 @@ static int fts3InitVtab(
   Fts3Table *p = 0;               /* Pointer to allocated vtab */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
   int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
-  int nByte;                      /* Size of allocation used for *p */
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte;            /* Size of allocation used for *p */
   int iCol;                       /* Column index */
   int nString = 0;                /* Bytes required to hold all column names */
   int nCol = 0;                   /* Number of columns in the FTS table */
@@ -158498,10 +168949,10 @@ static int fts3InitVtab(
   nName = (int)strlen(argv[2]) + 1;
 
   nByte = sizeof(const char *) * (argc-2);
-  aCol = (const char **)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+  aCol = (const char **)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
   if( aCol ){
     memset((void*)aCol, 0, nByte);
-    azNotindexed = (char **)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+    azNotindexed = (char **)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
   }
   if( azNotindexed ){
     memset(azNotindexed, 0, nByte);
@@ -158528,9 +168979,9 @@ static int fts3InitVtab(
     char *zVal;
 
     /* Check if this is a tokenizer specification */
-    if( !pTokenizer 
+    if( !pTokenizer
      && strlen(z)>8
-     && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(z, "tokenize", 8) 
+     && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(z, "tokenize", 8)
      && 0==sqlite3Fts3IsIdChar(z[8])
     ){
       rc = sqlite3Fts3InitTokenizer(pHash, &z[9], &pTokenizer, pzErr);
@@ -158590,8 +169041,8 @@ static int fts3InitVtab(
             break;
 
           case 4:               /* ORDER */
-            if( (strlen(zVal)!=3 || sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "asc", 3)) 
-             && (strlen(zVal)!=4 || sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "desc", 4)) 
+            if( (strlen(zVal)!=3 || sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "asc", 3))
+             && (strlen(zVal)!=4 || sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "desc", 4))
             ){
               sqlite3Fts3ErrMsg(pzErr, "unrecognized order: %s", zVal);
               rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
@@ -158642,17 +169093,17 @@ static int fts3InitVtab(
   **      TABLE statement, use all columns from the content table.
   */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && zContent ){
-    sqlite3_free(zCompress); 
-    sqlite3_free(zUncompress); 
+    sqlite3_free(zCompress);
+    sqlite3_free(zUncompress);
     zCompress = 0;
     zUncompress = 0;
     if( nCol==0 ){
-      sqlite3_free((void*)aCol); 
+      sqlite3_free((void*)aCol);
       aCol = 0;
       rc = fts3ContentColumns(db, argv[1], zContent,&aCol,&nCol,&nString,pzErr);
 
       /* If a languageid= option was specified, remove the language id
-      ** column from the aCol[] array. */ 
+      ** column from the aCol[] array. */
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK && zLanguageid ){
         int j;
         for(j=0; j<nCol; j++){
@@ -158696,7 +169147,7 @@ static int fts3InitVtab(
           nName +                              /* zName */
           nDb +                                /* zDb */
           nString;                             /* Space for azColumn strings */
-  p = (Fts3Table*)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+  p = (Fts3Table*)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
   if( p==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     goto fts3_init_out;
@@ -158739,7 +169190,7 @@ static int fts3InitVtab(
 
   /* Fill in the azColumn array */
   for(iCol=0; iCol<nCol; iCol++){
-    char *z; 
+    char *z;
     int n = 0;
     z = (char *)sqlite3Fts3NextToken(aCol[iCol], &n);
     if( n>0 ){
@@ -158758,7 +169209,7 @@ static int fts3InitVtab(
     for(i=0; i<nNotindexed; i++){
       char *zNot = azNotindexed[i];
       if( zNot && n==(int)strlen(zNot)
-       && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(p->azColumn[iCol], zNot, n) 
+       && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(p->azColumn[iCol], zNot, n)
       ){
         p->abNotindexed[iCol] = 1;
         sqlite3_free(zNot);
@@ -158782,7 +169233,7 @@ static int fts3InitVtab(
   p->zWriteExprlist = fts3WriteExprList(p, zCompress, &rc);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto fts3_init_out;
 
-  /* If this is an xCreate call, create the underlying tables in the 
+  /* If this is an xCreate call, create the underlying tables in the
   ** database. TODO: For xConnect(), it could verify that said tables exist.
   */
   if( isCreate ){
@@ -158801,6 +169252,10 @@ static int fts3InitVtab(
   fts3DatabasePageSize(&rc, p);
   p->nNodeSize = p->nPgsz-35;
 
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)||defined(SQLITE_TEST)
+  p->nMergeCount = FTS3_MERGE_COUNT;
+#endif
+
   /* Declare the table schema to SQLite. */
   fts3DeclareVtab(&rc, p);
 
@@ -158878,11 +169333,11 @@ static void fts3SetUniqueFlag(sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
 #endif
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Implementation of the xBestIndex method for FTS3 tables. There
 ** are three possible strategies, in order of preference:
 **
-**   1. Direct lookup by rowid or docid. 
+**   1. Direct lookup by rowid or docid.
 **   2. Full-text search using a MATCH operator on a non-docid column.
 **   3. Linear scan of %_content table.
 */
@@ -158896,8 +169351,12 @@ static int fts3BestIndexMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info *pInfo){
   int iDocidLe = -1;              /* Index of docid<=x constraint, if present */
   int iIdx;
 
+  if( p->bLock ){
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+
   /* By default use a full table scan. This is an expensive option,
-  ** so search through the constraints to see if a more efficient 
+  ** so search through the constraints to see if a more efficient
   ** strategy is possible.
   */
   pInfo->idxNum = FTS3_FULLSCAN_SEARCH;
@@ -158933,12 +169392,12 @@ static int fts3BestIndexMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info *pInfo){
     **
     ** If there is more than one MATCH constraint available, use the first
     ** one encountered. If there is both a MATCH constraint and a direct
-    ** rowid/docid lookup, prefer the MATCH strategy. This is done even 
+    ** rowid/docid lookup, prefer the MATCH strategy. This is done even
     ** though the rowid/docid lookup is faster than a MATCH query, selecting
-    ** it would lead to an "unable to use function MATCH in the requested 
+    ** it would lead to an "unable to use function MATCH in the requested
     ** context" error.
     */
-    if( pCons->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 
+    if( pCons->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH
      && pCons->iColumn>=0 && pCons->iColumn<=p->nColumn
     ){
       pInfo->idxNum = FTS3_FULLTEXT_SEARCH + pCons->iColumn;
@@ -158947,7 +169406,7 @@ static int fts3BestIndexMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info *pInfo){
     }
 
     /* Equality constraint on the langid column */
-    if( pCons->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ 
+    if( pCons->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ
      && pCons->iColumn==p->nColumn + 2
     ){
       iLangidCons = i;
@@ -158975,22 +169434,22 @@ static int fts3BestIndexMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info *pInfo){
   if( iCons>=0 ){
     pInfo->aConstraintUsage[iCons].argvIndex = iIdx++;
     pInfo->aConstraintUsage[iCons].omit = 1;
-  } 
+  }
   if( iLangidCons>=0 ){
     pInfo->idxNum |= FTS3_HAVE_LANGID;
     pInfo->aConstraintUsage[iLangidCons].argvIndex = iIdx++;
-  } 
+  }
   if( iDocidGe>=0 ){
     pInfo->idxNum |= FTS3_HAVE_DOCID_GE;
     pInfo->aConstraintUsage[iDocidGe].argvIndex = iIdx++;
-  } 
+  }
   if( iDocidLe>=0 ){
     pInfo->idxNum |= FTS3_HAVE_DOCID_LE;
     pInfo->aConstraintUsage[iDocidLe].argvIndex = iIdx++;
-  } 
+  }
 
   /* Regardless of the strategy selected, FTS can deliver rows in rowid (or
-  ** docid) order. Both ascending and descending are possible. 
+  ** docid) order. Both ascending and descending are possible.
   */
   if( pInfo->nOrderBy==1 ){
     struct sqlite3_index_orderby *pOrder = &pInfo->aOrderBy[0];
@@ -159017,7 +169476,7 @@ static int fts3OpenMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCsr){
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVTab);
 
   /* Allocate a buffer large enough for an Fts3Cursor structure. If the
-  ** allocation succeeds, zero it and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, 
+  ** allocation succeeds, zero it and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise,
   ** if the allocation fails, return SQLITE_NOMEM.
   */
   *ppCsr = pCsr = (sqlite3_vtab_cursor *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Fts3Cursor));
@@ -159094,7 +169553,11 @@ static int fts3CursorSeekStmt(Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
     }else{
       zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT %s WHERE rowid = ?", p->zReadExprlist);
       if( !zSql ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->db, zSql,-1,SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,&pCsr->pStmt,0);
+      p->bLock++;
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(
+          p->db, zSql,-1,SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,&pCsr->pStmt,0
+      );
+      p->bLock--;
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) pCsr->bSeekStmt = 1;
@@ -159105,18 +169568,22 @@ static int fts3CursorSeekStmt(Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
 /*
 ** Position the pCsr->pStmt statement so that it is on the row
 ** of the %_content table that contains the last match.  Return
-** SQLITE_OK on success.  
+** SQLITE_OK on success.
 */
 static int fts3CursorSeek(sqlite3_context *pContext, Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   if( pCsr->isRequireSeek ){
     rc = fts3CursorSeekStmt(pCsr);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      Fts3Table *pTab = (Fts3Table*)pCsr->base.pVtab;
+      pTab->bLock++;
       sqlite3_bind_int64(pCsr->pStmt, 1, pCsr->iPrevId);
       pCsr->isRequireSeek = 0;
       if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pCsr->pStmt) ){
+        pTab->bLock--;
         return SQLITE_OK;
       }else{
+        pTab->bLock--;
         rc = sqlite3_reset(pCsr->pStmt);
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK && ((Fts3Table *)pCsr->base.pVtab)->zContentTbl==0 ){
           /* If no row was found and no error has occurred, then the %_content
@@ -159137,7 +169604,7 @@ static int fts3CursorSeek(sqlite3_context *pContext, Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
 
 /*
 ** This function is used to process a single interior node when searching
-** a b-tree for a term or term prefix. The node data is passed to this 
+** a b-tree for a term or term prefix. The node data is passed to this
 ** function via the zNode/nNode parameters. The term to search for is
 ** passed in zTerm/nTerm.
 **
@@ -159162,13 +169629,14 @@ static int fts3ScanInteriorNode(
   const char *zCsr = zNode;       /* Cursor to iterate through node */
   const char *zEnd = &zCsr[nNode];/* End of interior node buffer */
   char *zBuffer = 0;              /* Buffer to load terms into */
-  int nAlloc = 0;                 /* Size of allocated buffer */
+  i64 nAlloc = 0;                 /* Size of allocated buffer */
   int isFirstTerm = 1;            /* True when processing first term on page */
   sqlite3_int64 iChild;           /* Block id of child node to descend to */
+  int nBuffer = 0;                /* Total term size */
 
-  /* Skip over the 'height' varint that occurs at the start of every 
+  /* Skip over the 'height' varint that occurs at the start of every
   ** interior node. Then load the blockid of the left-child of the b-tree
-  ** node into variable iChild.  
+  ** node into variable iChild.
   **
   ** Even if the data structure on disk is corrupted, this (reading two
   ** varints from the buffer) does not risk an overread. If zNode is a
@@ -159184,30 +169652,33 @@ static int fts3ScanInteriorNode(
   if( zCsr>zEnd ){
     return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
   }
-  
+
   while( zCsr<zEnd && (piFirst || piLast) ){
     int cmp;                      /* memcmp() result */
     int nSuffix;                  /* Size of term suffix */
     int nPrefix = 0;              /* Size of term prefix */
-    int nBuffer;                  /* Total term size */
-  
+
     /* Load the next term on the node into zBuffer. Use realloc() to expand
     ** the size of zBuffer if required.  */
     if( !isFirstTerm ){
       zCsr += fts3GetVarint32(zCsr, &nPrefix);
+      if( nPrefix>nBuffer ){
+        rc = FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+        goto finish_scan;
+      }
     }
     isFirstTerm = 0;
     zCsr += fts3GetVarint32(zCsr, &nSuffix);
-    
+
     assert( nPrefix>=0 && nSuffix>=0 );
-    if( &zCsr[nSuffix]>zEnd ){
+    if( nPrefix>zCsr-zNode || nSuffix>zEnd-zCsr || nSuffix==0 ){
       rc = FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
       goto finish_scan;
     }
-    if( nPrefix+nSuffix>nAlloc ){
+    if( (i64)nPrefix+nSuffix>nAlloc ){
       char *zNew;
-      nAlloc = (nPrefix+nSuffix) * 2;
-      zNew = (char *)sqlite3_realloc(zBuffer, nAlloc);
+      nAlloc = ((i64)nPrefix+nSuffix) * 2;
+      zNew = (char *)sqlite3_realloc64(zBuffer, nAlloc);
       if( !zNew ){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
         goto finish_scan;
@@ -159221,8 +169692,8 @@ static int fts3ScanInteriorNode(
 
     /* Compare the term we are searching for with the term just loaded from
     ** the interior node. If the specified term is greater than or equal
-    ** to the term from the interior node, then all terms on the sub-tree 
-    ** headed by node iChild are smaller than zTerm. No need to search 
+    ** to the term from the interior node, then all terms on the sub-tree
+    ** headed by node iChild are smaller than zTerm. No need to search
     ** iChild.
     **
     ** If the interior node term is larger than the specified term, then
@@ -159258,20 +169729,20 @@ static int fts3ScanInteriorNode(
 ** node for the range of leaf nodes that may contain the specified term
 ** or terms for which the specified term is a prefix.
 **
-** If piLeaf is not NULL, then *piLeaf is set to the blockid of the 
+** If piLeaf is not NULL, then *piLeaf is set to the blockid of the
 ** left-most leaf node in the tree that may contain the specified term.
 ** If piLeaf2 is not NULL, then *piLeaf2 is set to the blockid of the
 ** right-most leaf node that may contain a term for which the specified
 ** term is a prefix.
 **
-** It is possible that the range of returned leaf nodes does not contain 
-** the specified term or any terms for which it is a prefix. However, if the 
+** It is possible that the range of returned leaf nodes does not contain
+** the specified term or any terms for which it is a prefix. However, if the
 ** segment does contain any such terms, they are stored within the identified
 ** range. Because this function only inspects interior segment nodes (and
 ** never loads leaf nodes into memory), it is not possible to be sure.
 **
 ** If an error occurs, an error code other than SQLITE_OK is returned.
-*/ 
+*/
 static int fts3SelectLeaf(
   Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
   const char *zTerm,              /* Term to select leaves for */
@@ -159288,7 +169759,7 @@ static int fts3SelectLeaf(
 
   fts3GetVarint32(zNode, &iHeight);
   rc = fts3ScanInteriorNode(zTerm, nTerm, zNode, nNode, piLeaf, piLeaf2);
-  assert( !piLeaf2 || !piLeaf || rc!=SQLITE_OK || (*piLeaf<=*piLeaf2) );
+  assert_fts3_nc( !piLeaf2 || !piLeaf || rc!=SQLITE_OK || (*piLeaf<=*piLeaf2) );
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iHeight>1 ){
     char *zBlob = 0;              /* Blob read from %_segments table */
@@ -159308,7 +169779,13 @@ static int fts3SelectLeaf(
       rc = sqlite3Fts3ReadBlock(p, piLeaf?*piLeaf:*piLeaf2, &zBlob, &nBlob, 0);
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = fts3SelectLeaf(p, zTerm, nTerm, zBlob, nBlob, piLeaf, piLeaf2);
+      int iNewHeight = 0;
+      fts3GetVarint32(zBlob, &iNewHeight);
+      if( iNewHeight>=iHeight ){
+        rc = FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+      }else{
+        rc = fts3SelectLeaf(p, zTerm, nTerm, zBlob, nBlob, piLeaf, piLeaf2);
+      }
     }
     sqlite3_free(zBlob);
   }
@@ -159317,7 +169794,7 @@ static int fts3SelectLeaf(
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is used to create delta-encoded serialized lists of FTS3 
+** This function is used to create delta-encoded serialized lists of FTS3
 ** varints. Each call to this function appends a single varint to a list.
 */
 static void fts3PutDeltaVarint(
@@ -159325,17 +169802,17 @@ static void fts3PutDeltaVarint(
   sqlite3_int64 *piPrev,          /* IN/OUT: Previous value written to list */
   sqlite3_int64 iVal              /* Write this value to the list */
 ){
-  assert( iVal-*piPrev > 0 || (*piPrev==0 && iVal==0) );
+  assert_fts3_nc( iVal-*piPrev > 0 || (*piPrev==0 && iVal==0) );
   *pp += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(*pp, iVal-*piPrev);
   *piPrev = iVal;
 }
 
 /*
-** When this function is called, *ppPoslist is assumed to point to the 
+** When this function is called, *ppPoslist is assumed to point to the
 ** start of a position-list. After it returns, *ppPoslist points to the
 ** first byte after the position-list.
 **
-** A position list is list of positions (delta encoded) and columns for 
+** A position list is list of positions (delta encoded) and columns for
 ** a single document record of a doclist.  So, in other words, this
 ** routine advances *ppPoslist so that it points to the next docid in
 ** the doclist, or to the first byte past the end of the doclist.
@@ -159348,12 +169825,12 @@ static void fts3PoslistCopy(char **pp, char **ppPoslist){
   char *pEnd = *ppPoslist;
   char c = 0;
 
-  /* The end of a position list is marked by a zero encoded as an FTS3 
+  /* The end of a position list is marked by a zero encoded as an FTS3
   ** varint. A single POS_END (0) byte. Except, if the 0 byte is preceded by
   ** a byte with the 0x80 bit set, then it is not a varint 0, but the tail
   ** of some other, multi-byte, value.
   **
-  ** The following while-loop moves pEnd to point to the first byte that is not 
+  ** The following while-loop moves pEnd to point to the first byte that is not
   ** immediately preceded by a byte with the 0x80 bit set. Then increments
   ** pEnd once more so that it points to the byte immediately following the
   ** last byte in the position-list.
@@ -159375,7 +169852,7 @@ static void fts3PoslistCopy(char **pp, char **ppPoslist){
 }
 
 /*
-** When this function is called, *ppPoslist is assumed to point to the 
+** When this function is called, *ppPoslist is assumed to point to the
 ** start of a column-list. After it returns, *ppPoslist points to the
 ** to the terminator (POS_COLUMN or POS_END) byte of the column-list.
 **
@@ -159413,10 +169890,11 @@ static void fts3ColumnlistCopy(char **pp, char **ppPoslist){
 }
 
 /*
-** Value used to signify the end of an position-list. This is safe because
-** it is not possible to have a document with 2^31 terms.
+** Value used to signify the end of an position-list. This must be
+** as large or larger than any value that might appear on the
+** position-list, even a position list that has been corrupted.
 */
-#define POSITION_LIST_END 0x7fffffff
+#define POSITION_LIST_END LARGEST_INT64
 
 /*
 ** This function is used to help parse position-lists. When this function is
@@ -159425,7 +169903,7 @@ static void fts3ColumnlistCopy(char **pp, char **ppPoslist){
 ** (in which case **pp will be a terminator bytes POS_END (0) or
 ** (1)).
 **
-** If *pp points past the end of the current position-list, set *pi to 
+** If *pp points past the end of the current position-list, set *pi to
 ** POSITION_LIST_END and return. Otherwise, read the next varint from *pp,
 ** increment the current value of *pi by the value read, and set *pp to
 ** point to the next value before returning.
@@ -159441,7 +169919,9 @@ static void fts3ReadNextPos(
   sqlite3_int64 *pi             /* IN/OUT: Value read from position-list */
 ){
   if( (**pp)&0xFE ){
-    fts3GetDeltaVarint(pp, pi);
+    int iVal;
+    *pp += fts3GetVarint32((*pp), &iVal);
+    *pi += iVal;
     *pi -= 2;
   }else{
     *pi = POSITION_LIST_END;
@@ -159453,7 +169933,7 @@ static void fts3ReadNextPos(
 ** the value of iCol encoded as a varint to *pp.   This will start a new
 ** column list.
 **
-** Set *pp to point to the byte just after the last byte written before 
+** Set *pp to point to the byte just after the last byte written before
 ** returning (do not modify it if iCol==0). Return the total number of bytes
 ** written (0 if iCol==0).
 */
@@ -159475,7 +169955,7 @@ static int fts3PutColNumber(char **pp, int iCol){
 ** updated appropriately.   The caller is responsible for insuring
 ** that there is enough space in *pp to hold the complete output.
 */
-static void fts3PoslistMerge(
+static int fts3PoslistMerge(
   char **pp,                      /* Output buffer */
   char **pp1,                     /* Left input list */
   char **pp2                      /* Right input list */
@@ -159488,12 +169968,18 @@ static void fts3PoslistMerge(
     int iCol1;         /* The current column index in pp1 */
     int iCol2;         /* The current column index in pp2 */
 
-    if( *p1==POS_COLUMN ) fts3GetVarint32(&p1[1], &iCol1);
-    else if( *p1==POS_END ) iCol1 = POSITION_LIST_END;
+    if( *p1==POS_COLUMN ){
+      fts3GetVarint32(&p1[1], &iCol1);
+      if( iCol1==0 ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+    }
+    else if( *p1==POS_END ) iCol1 = 0x7fffffff;
     else iCol1 = 0;
 
-    if( *p2==POS_COLUMN ) fts3GetVarint32(&p2[1], &iCol2);
-    else if( *p2==POS_END ) iCol2 = POSITION_LIST_END;
+    if( *p2==POS_COLUMN ){
+      fts3GetVarint32(&p2[1], &iCol2);
+      if( iCol2==0 ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+    }
+    else if( *p2==POS_END ) iCol2 = 0x7fffffff;
     else iCol2 = 0;
 
     if( iCol1==iCol2 ){
@@ -159506,7 +169992,7 @@ static void fts3PoslistMerge(
 
       /* At this point, both p1 and p2 point to the start of column-lists
       ** for the same column (the column with index iCol1 and iCol2).
-      ** A column-list is a list of non-negative delta-encoded varints, each 
+      ** A column-list is a list of non-negative delta-encoded varints, each
       ** incremented by 2 before being stored. Each list is terminated by a
       ** POS_END (0) or POS_COLUMN (1). The following block merges the two lists
       ** and writes the results to buffer p. p is left pointing to the byte
@@ -159515,8 +170001,11 @@ static void fts3PoslistMerge(
       */
       fts3GetDeltaVarint(&p1, &i1);
       fts3GetDeltaVarint(&p2, &i2);
+      if( i1<2 || i2<2 ){
+        break;
+      }
       do {
-        fts3PutDeltaVarint(&p, &iPrev, (i1<i2) ? i1 : i2); 
+        fts3PutDeltaVarint(&p, &iPrev, (i1<i2) ? i1 : i2);
         iPrev -= 2;
         if( i1==i2 ){
           fts3ReadNextPos(&p1, &i1);
@@ -159540,6 +170029,7 @@ static void fts3PoslistMerge(
   *pp = p;
   *pp1 = p1 + 1;
   *pp2 = p2 + 1;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -159557,7 +170047,7 @@ static void fts3PoslistMerge(
 ** When this function returns, both *pp1 and *pp2 are left pointing to the
 ** byte following the 0x00 terminator of their respective position lists.
 **
-** If isSaveLeft is 0, an entry is added to the output position list for 
+** If isSaveLeft is 0, an entry is added to the output position list for
 ** each position in *pp2 for which there exists one or more positions in
 ** *pp1 so that (pos(*pp2)>pos(*pp1) && pos(*pp2)-pos(*pp1)<=nToken). i.e.
 ** when the *pp1 token appears before the *pp2 token, but not more than nToken
@@ -159582,12 +170072,12 @@ static int fts3PoslistPhraseMerge(
   /* Never set both isSaveLeft and isExact for the same invocation. */
   assert( isSaveLeft==0 || isExact==0 );
 
-  assert( p!=0 && *p1!=0 && *p2!=0 );
-  if( *p1==POS_COLUMN ){ 
+  assert_fts3_nc( p!=0 && *p1!=0 && *p2!=0 );
+  if( *p1==POS_COLUMN ){
     p1++;
     p1 += fts3GetVarint32(p1, &iCol1);
   }
-  if( *p2==POS_COLUMN ){ 
+  if( *p2==POS_COLUMN ){
     p2++;
     p2 += fts3GetVarint32(p2, &iCol2);
   }
@@ -159604,14 +170094,13 @@ static int fts3PoslistPhraseMerge(
         p += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(p, iCol1);
       }
 
-      assert( *p1!=POS_END && *p1!=POS_COLUMN );
-      assert( *p2!=POS_END && *p2!=POS_COLUMN );
       fts3GetDeltaVarint(&p1, &iPos1); iPos1 -= 2;
       fts3GetDeltaVarint(&p2, &iPos2); iPos2 -= 2;
+      if( iPos1<0 || iPos2<0 ) break;
 
       while( 1 ){
-        if( iPos2==iPos1+nToken 
-         || (isExact==0 && iPos2>iPos1 && iPos2<=iPos1+nToken) 
+        if( iPos2==iPos1+nToken
+         || (isExact==0 && iPos2>iPos1 && iPos2<=iPos1+nToken)
         ){
           sqlite3_int64 iSave;
           iSave = isSaveLeft ? iPos1 : iPos2;
@@ -159646,8 +170135,8 @@ static int fts3PoslistPhraseMerge(
 
     /* Advance pointer p1 or p2 (whichever corresponds to the smaller of
     ** iCol1 and iCol2) so that it points to either the 0x00 that marks the
-    ** end of the position list, or the 0x01 that precedes the next 
-    ** column-number in the position list. 
+    ** end of the position list, or the 0x01 that precedes the next
+    ** column-number in the position list.
     */
     else if( iCol1<iCol2 ){
       fts3ColumnlistCopy(0, &p1);
@@ -159676,14 +170165,14 @@ static int fts3PoslistPhraseMerge(
 
 /*
 ** Merge two position-lists as required by the NEAR operator. The argument
-** position lists correspond to the left and right phrases of an expression 
+** position lists correspond to the left and right phrases of an expression
 ** like:
 **
 **     "phrase 1" NEAR "phrase number 2"
 **
-** Position list *pp1 corresponds to the left-hand side of the NEAR 
-** expression and *pp2 to the right. As usual, the indexes in the position 
-** lists are the offsets of the last token in each phrase (tokens "1" and "2" 
+** Position list *pp1 corresponds to the left-hand side of the NEAR
+** expression and *pp2 to the right. As usual, the indexes in the position
+** lists are the offsets of the last token in each phrase (tokens "1" and "2"
 ** in the example above).
 **
 ** The output position list - written to *pp - is a copy of *pp2 with those
@@ -159723,7 +170212,7 @@ static int fts3PoslistNearMerge(
   return res;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** An instance of this function is used to merge together the (potentially
 ** large number of) doclists for each term that matches a prefix query.
 ** See function fts3TermSelectMerge() for details.
@@ -159744,7 +170233,7 @@ struct TermSelect {
 ** from *pp. *pp is then set to point 1 byte past the end of the read varint.
 **
 ** If bDescIdx is false, the value read is added to *pVal before returning.
-** If it is true, the value read is subtracted from *pVal before this 
+** If it is true, the value read is subtracted from *pVal before this
 ** function returns.
 */
 static void fts3GetDeltaVarint3(
@@ -159756,12 +170245,12 @@ static void fts3GetDeltaVarint3(
   if( *pp>=pEnd ){
     *pp = 0;
   }else{
-    sqlite3_int64 iVal;
-    *pp += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(*pp, &iVal);
+    u64 iVal;
+    *pp += sqlite3Fts3GetVarintU(*pp, &iVal);
     if( bDescIdx ){
-      *pVal -= iVal;
+      *pVal = (i64)((u64)*pVal - iVal);
     }else{
-      *pVal += iVal;
+      *pVal = (i64)((u64)*pVal + iVal);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -159772,9 +170261,9 @@ static void fts3GetDeltaVarint3(
 ** end of the value written.
 **
 ** If *pbFirst is zero when this function is called, the value written to
-** the buffer is that of parameter iVal. 
+** the buffer is that of parameter iVal.
 **
-** If *pbFirst is non-zero when this function is called, then the value 
+** If *pbFirst is non-zero when this function is called, then the value
 ** written is either (iVal-*piPrev) (if bDescIdx is zero) or (*piPrev-iVal)
 ** (if bDescIdx is non-zero).
 **
@@ -159788,14 +170277,16 @@ static void fts3PutDeltaVarint3(
   int *pbFirst,                   /* IN/OUT: True after first int written */
   sqlite3_int64 iVal              /* Write this value to the list */
 ){
-  sqlite3_int64 iWrite;
+  sqlite3_uint64 iWrite;
   if( bDescIdx==0 || *pbFirst==0 ){
-    iWrite = iVal - *piPrev;
+    assert_fts3_nc( *pbFirst==0 || iVal>=*piPrev );
+    iWrite = (u64)iVal - (u64)*piPrev;
   }else{
-    iWrite = *piPrev - iVal;
+    assert_fts3_nc( *piPrev>=iVal );
+    iWrite = (u64)*piPrev - (u64)iVal;
   }
   assert( *pbFirst || *piPrev==0 );
-  assert( *pbFirst==0 || iWrite>0 );
+  assert_fts3_nc( *pbFirst==0 || iWrite>0 );
   *pp += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(*pp, iWrite);
   *piPrev = iVal;
   *pbFirst = 1;
@@ -159805,17 +170296,18 @@ static void fts3PutDeltaVarint3(
 /*
 ** This macro is used by various functions that merge doclists. The two
 ** arguments are 64-bit docid values. If the value of the stack variable
-** bDescDoclist is 0 when this macro is invoked, then it returns (i1-i2). 
+** bDescDoclist is 0 when this macro is invoked, then it returns (i1-i2).
 ** Otherwise, (i2-i1).
 **
 ** Using this makes it easier to write code that can merge doclists that are
 ** sorted in either ascending or descending order.
 */
-#define DOCID_CMP(i1, i2) ((bDescDoclist?-1:1) * (i1-i2))
+/* #define DOCID_CMP(i1, i2) ((bDescDoclist?-1:1) * (i64)((u64)i1-i2)) */
+#define DOCID_CMP(i1, i2) ((bDescDoclist?-1:1) * (i1>i2?1:((i1==i2)?0:-1)))
 
 /*
 ** This function does an "OR" merge of two doclists (output contains all
-** positions contained in either argument doclist). If the docids in the 
+** positions contained in either argument doclist). If the docids in the
 ** input doclists are sorted in ascending order, parameter bDescDoclist
 ** should be false. If they are sorted in ascending order, it should be
 ** passed a non-zero value.
@@ -159833,6 +170325,7 @@ static int fts3DoclistOrMerge(
   char *a2, int n2,               /* Second doclist */
   char **paOut, int *pnOut        /* OUT: Malloc'd doclist */
 ){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   sqlite3_int64 i1 = 0;
   sqlite3_int64 i2 = 0;
   sqlite3_int64 iPrev = 0;
@@ -159854,12 +170347,12 @@ static int fts3DoclistOrMerge(
   ** current and previous docid (a positive number - since the list is in
   ** ascending order).
   **
-  ** The first docid written to the output is therefore encoded using the 
+  ** The first docid written to the output is therefore encoded using the
   ** same number of bytes as it is in whichever of the input lists it is
-  ** read from. And each subsequent docid read from the same input list 
+  ** read from. And each subsequent docid read from the same input list
   ** consumes either the same or less bytes as it did in the input (since
   ** the difference between it and the previous value in the output must
-  ** be a positive value less than or equal to the delta value read from 
+  ** be a positive value less than or equal to the delta value read from
   ** the input list). The same argument applies to all but the first docid
   ** read from the 'other' list. And to the contents of all position lists
   ** that will be copied and merged from the input to the output.
@@ -159871,12 +170364,12 @@ static int fts3DoclistOrMerge(
   **
   ** The space required to store the output is therefore the sum of the
   ** sizes of the two inputs, plus enough space for exactly one of the input
-  ** docids to grow. 
+  ** docids to grow.
   **
-  ** A symetric argument may be made if the doclists are in descending 
+  ** A symetric argument may be made if the doclists are in descending
   ** order.
   */
-  aOut = sqlite3_malloc(n1+n2+FTS3_VARINT_MAX-1);
+  aOut = sqlite3_malloc64((i64)n1+n2+FTS3_VARINT_MAX-1+FTS3_BUFFER_PADDING);
   if( !aOut ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
 
   p = aOut;
@@ -159887,7 +170380,8 @@ static int fts3DoclistOrMerge(
 
     if( p2 && p1 && iDiff==0 ){
       fts3PutDeltaVarint3(&p, bDescDoclist, &iPrev, &bFirstOut, i1);
-      fts3PoslistMerge(&p, &p1, &p2);
+      rc = fts3PoslistMerge(&p, &p1, &p2);
+      if( rc ) break;
       fts3GetDeltaVarint3(&p1, pEnd1, bDescDoclist, &i1);
       fts3GetDeltaVarint3(&p2, pEnd2, bDescDoclist, &i2);
     }else if( !p2 || (p1 && iDiff<0) ){
@@ -159899,12 +170393,20 @@ static int fts3DoclistOrMerge(
       fts3PoslistCopy(&p, &p2);
       fts3GetDeltaVarint3(&p2, pEnd2, bDescDoclist, &i2);
     }
+
+    assert( (p-aOut)<=((p1?(p1-a1):n1)+(p2?(p2-a2):n2)+FTS3_VARINT_MAX-1) );
   }
 
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_free(aOut);
+    p = aOut = 0;
+  }else{
+    assert( (p-aOut)<=n1+n2+FTS3_VARINT_MAX-1 );
+    memset(&aOut[(p-aOut)], 0, FTS3_BUFFER_PADDING);
+  }
   *paOut = aOut;
   *pnOut = (int)(p-aOut);
-  assert( *pnOut<=n1+n2+FTS3_VARINT_MAX-1 );
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+  return rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -159914,7 +170416,7 @@ static int fts3DoclistOrMerge(
 ** exactly nDist tokens before it.
 **
 ** If the docids in the input doclists are sorted in ascending order,
-** parameter bDescDoclist should be false. If they are sorted in ascending 
+** parameter bDescDoclist should be false. If they are sorted in ascending
 ** order, it should be passed a non-zero value.
 **
 ** The right-hand input doclist is overwritten by this function.
@@ -159939,7 +170441,7 @@ static int fts3DoclistPhraseMerge(
 
   assert( nDist>0 );
   if( bDescDoclist ){
-    aOut = sqlite3_malloc(*pnRight + FTS3_VARINT_MAX);
+    aOut = sqlite3_malloc64((sqlite3_int64)*pnRight + FTS3_VARINT_MAX);
     if( aOut==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }else{
     aOut = aRight;
@@ -160060,7 +170562,7 @@ static int fts3TermSelectFinishMerge(Fts3Table *p, TermSelect *pTS){
         int nNew;
         char *aNew;
 
-        int rc = fts3DoclistOrMerge(p->bDescIdx, 
+        int rc = fts3DoclistOrMerge(p->bDescIdx,
             pTS->aaOutput[i], pTS->anOutput[i], aOut, nOut, &aNew, &nNew
         );
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -160104,15 +170606,15 @@ static int fts3TermSelectMerge(
 ){
   if( pTS->aaOutput[0]==0 ){
     /* If this is the first term selected, copy the doclist to the output
-    ** buffer using memcpy(). 
+    ** buffer using memcpy().
     **
-    ** Add FTS3_VARINT_MAX bytes of unused space to the end of the 
+    ** Add FTS3_VARINT_MAX bytes of unused space to the end of the
     ** allocation. This is so as to ensure that the buffer is big enough
     ** to hold the current doclist AND'd with any other doclist. If the
     ** doclists are stored in order=ASC order, this padding would not be
     ** required (since the size of [doclistA AND doclistB] is always less
     ** than or equal to the size of [doclistA] in that case). But this is
-    ** not true for order=DESC. For example, a doclist containing (1, -1) 
+    ** not true for order=DESC. For example, a doclist containing (1, -1)
     ** may be smaller than (-1), as in the first example the -1 may be stored
     ** as a single-byte delta, whereas in the second it must be stored as a
     ** FTS3_VARINT_MAX byte varint.
@@ -160123,6 +170625,7 @@ static int fts3TermSelectMerge(
     pTS->anOutput[0] = nDoclist;
     if( pTS->aaOutput[0] ){
       memcpy(pTS->aaOutput[0], aDoclist, nDoclist);
+      memset(&pTS->aaOutput[0][nDoclist], 0, FTS3_VARINT_MAX);
     }else{
       return SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }
@@ -160141,7 +170644,7 @@ static int fts3TermSelectMerge(
         char *aNew;
         int nNew;
 
-        int rc = fts3DoclistOrMerge(p->bDescIdx, aMerge, nMerge, 
+        int rc = fts3DoclistOrMerge(p->bDescIdx, aMerge, nMerge,
             pTS->aaOutput[iOut], pTS->anOutput[iOut], &aNew, &nNew
         );
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -160152,7 +170655,7 @@ static int fts3TermSelectMerge(
         if( aMerge!=aDoclist ) sqlite3_free(aMerge);
         sqlite3_free(pTS->aaOutput[iOut]);
         pTS->aaOutput[iOut] = 0;
-  
+
         aMerge = aNew;
         nMerge = nNew;
         if( (iOut+1)==SizeofArray(pTS->aaOutput) ){
@@ -160169,13 +170672,13 @@ static int fts3TermSelectMerge(
 ** Append SegReader object pNew to the end of the pCsr->apSegment[] array.
 */
 static int fts3SegReaderCursorAppend(
-  Fts3MultiSegReader *pCsr, 
+  Fts3MultiSegReader *pCsr,
   Fts3SegReader *pNew
 ){
   if( (pCsr->nSegment%16)==0 ){
     Fts3SegReader **apNew;
-    int nByte = (pCsr->nSegment + 16)*sizeof(Fts3SegReader*);
-    apNew = (Fts3SegReader **)sqlite3_realloc(pCsr->apSegment, nByte);
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte = (pCsr->nSegment + 16)*sizeof(Fts3SegReader*);
+    apNew = (Fts3SegReader **)sqlite3_realloc64(pCsr->apSegment, nByte);
     if( !apNew ){
       sqlite3Fts3SegReaderFree(pNew);
       return SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -160208,13 +170711,13 @@ static int fts3SegReaderCursor(
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;        /* Statement to iterate through segments */
   int rc2;                        /* Result of sqlite3_reset() */
 
-  /* If iLevel is less than 0 and this is not a scan, include a seg-reader 
+  /* If iLevel is less than 0 and this is not a scan, include a seg-reader
   ** for the pending-terms. If this is a scan, then this call must be being
   ** made by an fts4aux module, not an FTS table. In this case calling
-  ** Fts3SegReaderPending might segfault, as the data structures used by 
+  ** Fts3SegReaderPending might segfault, as the data structures used by
   ** fts4aux are not completely populated. So it's easiest to filter these
   ** calls out here.  */
-  if( iLevel<0 && p->aIndex ){
+  if( iLevel<0 && p->aIndex && p->iPrevLangid==iLangid ){
     Fts3SegReader *pSeg = 0;
     rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderPending(p, iIndex, zTerm, nTerm, isPrefix||isScan, &pSeg);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pSeg ){
@@ -160239,16 +170742,16 @@ static int fts3SegReaderCursor(
 
       /* If zTerm is not NULL, and this segment is not stored entirely on its
       ** root node, the range of leaves scanned can be reduced. Do this. */
-      if( iStartBlock && zTerm ){
+      if( iStartBlock && zTerm && zRoot ){
         sqlite3_int64 *pi = (isPrefix ? &iLeavesEndBlock : 0);
         rc = fts3SelectLeaf(p, zTerm, nTerm, zRoot, nRoot, &iStartBlock, pi);
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished;
         if( isPrefix==0 && isScan==0 ) iLeavesEndBlock = iStartBlock;
       }
- 
-      rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderNew(pCsr->nSegment+1, 
+
+      rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderNew(pCsr->nSegment+1,
           (isPrefix==0 && isScan==0),
-          iStartBlock, iLeavesEndBlock, 
+          iStartBlock, iLeavesEndBlock,
           iEndBlock, zRoot, nRoot, &pSeg
       );
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished;
@@ -160264,7 +170767,7 @@ static int fts3SegReaderCursor(
 }
 
 /*
-** Set up a cursor object for iterating through a full-text index or a 
+** Set up a cursor object for iterating through a full-text index or a
 ** single level therein.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderCursor(
@@ -160280,7 +170783,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderCursor(
 ){
   assert( iIndex>=0 && iIndex<p->nIndex );
   assert( iLevel==FTS3_SEGCURSOR_ALL
-      ||  iLevel==FTS3_SEGCURSOR_PENDING 
+      ||  iLevel==FTS3_SEGCURSOR_PENDING
       ||  iLevel>=0
   );
   assert( iLevel<FTS3_SEGDIR_MAXLEVEL );
@@ -160306,20 +170809,20 @@ static int fts3SegReaderCursorAddZero(
   int nTerm,                      /* Number of bytes in zTerm */
   Fts3MultiSegReader *pCsr        /* Fts3MultiSegReader to modify */
 ){
-  return fts3SegReaderCursor(p, 
+  return fts3SegReaderCursor(p,
       iLangid, 0, FTS3_SEGCURSOR_ALL, zTerm, nTerm, 0, 0,pCsr
   );
 }
 
 /*
 ** Open an Fts3MultiSegReader to scan the doclist for term zTerm/nTerm. Or,
-** if isPrefix is true, to scan the doclist for all terms for which 
+** if isPrefix is true, to scan the doclist for all terms for which
 ** zTerm/nTerm is a prefix. If successful, return SQLITE_OK and write
 ** a pointer to the new Fts3MultiSegReader to *ppSegcsr. Otherwise, return
 ** an SQLite error code.
 **
 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to free this object by eventually
-** passing it to fts3SegReaderCursorFree() 
+** passing it to fts3SegReaderCursorFree()
 **
 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if no error occurs, otherwise an SQLite error code.
 ** Output parameter *ppSegcsr is set to 0 if an error occurs.
@@ -160344,7 +170847,7 @@ static int fts3TermSegReaderCursor(
       for(i=1; bFound==0 && i<p->nIndex; i++){
         if( p->aIndex[i].nPrefix==nTerm ){
           bFound = 1;
-          rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderCursor(p, pCsr->iLangid, 
+          rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderCursor(p, pCsr->iLangid,
               i, FTS3_SEGCURSOR_ALL, zTerm, nTerm, 0, 0, pSegcsr
           );
           pSegcsr->bLookup = 1;
@@ -160354,7 +170857,7 @@ static int fts3TermSegReaderCursor(
       for(i=1; bFound==0 && i<p->nIndex; i++){
         if( p->aIndex[i].nPrefix==nTerm+1 ){
           bFound = 1;
-          rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderCursor(p, pCsr->iLangid, 
+          rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderCursor(p, pCsr->iLangid,
               i, FTS3_SEGCURSOR_ALL, zTerm, nTerm, 1, 0, pSegcsr
           );
           if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -160367,7 +170870,7 @@ static int fts3TermSegReaderCursor(
     }
 
     if( bFound==0 ){
-      rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderCursor(p, pCsr->iLangid, 
+      rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderCursor(p, pCsr->iLangid,
           0, FTS3_SEGCURSOR_ALL, zTerm, nTerm, isPrefix, 0, pSegcsr
       );
       pSegcsr->bLookup = !isPrefix;
@@ -160415,7 +170918,7 @@ static int fts3TermSelect(
 
   rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStart(p, pSegcsr, &filter);
   while( SQLITE_OK==rc
-      && SQLITE_ROW==(rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStep(p, pSegcsr)) 
+      && SQLITE_ROW==(rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStep(p, pSegcsr))
   ){
     rc = fts3TermSelectMerge(p, &tsc, pSegcsr->aDoclist, pSegcsr->nDoclist);
   }
@@ -160444,7 +170947,7 @@ static int fts3TermSelect(
 **
 ** If the isPoslist argument is true, then it is assumed that the doclist
 ** contains a position-list following each docid. Otherwise, it is assumed
-** that the doclist is simply a list of docids stored as delta encoded 
+** that the doclist is simply a list of docids stored as delta encoded
 ** varints.
 */
 static int fts3DoclistCountDocids(char *aList, int nList){
@@ -160477,6 +170980,8 @@ static int fts3NextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
   int rc;
   Fts3Cursor *pCsr = (Fts3Cursor *)pCursor;
   if( pCsr->eSearch==FTS3_DOCID_SEARCH || pCsr->eSearch==FTS3_FULLSCAN_SEARCH ){
+    Fts3Table *pTab = (Fts3Table*)pCursor->pVtab;
+    pTab->bLock++;
     if( SQLITE_ROW!=sqlite3_step(pCsr->pStmt) ){
       pCsr->isEof = 1;
       rc = sqlite3_reset(pCsr->pStmt);
@@ -160484,6 +170989,7 @@ static int fts3NextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
       pCsr->iPrevId = sqlite3_column_int64(pCsr->pStmt, 0);
       rc = SQLITE_OK;
     }
+    pTab->bLock--;
   }else{
     rc = fts3EvalNext((Fts3Cursor *)pCursor);
   }
@@ -160491,18 +170997,6 @@ static int fts3NextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
   return rc;
 }
 
-/*
-** The following are copied from sqliteInt.h.
-**
-** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
-** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
-** compilers.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
-# define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((sqlite3_int64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
-# define SMALLEST_INT64 (((sqlite3_int64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
-#endif
-
 /*
 ** If the numeric type of argument pVal is "integer", then return it
 ** converted to a 64-bit signed integer. Otherwise, return a copy of
@@ -160556,6 +171050,10 @@ static int fts3FilterMethod(
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(idxStr);
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(nVal);
 
+  if( p->bLock ){
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+
   eSearch = (idxNum & 0x0000FFFF);
   assert( eSearch>=0 && eSearch<=(FTS3_FULLTEXT_SEARCH+p->nColumn) );
   assert( p->pSegments==0 );
@@ -160595,7 +171093,7 @@ static int fts3FilterMethod(
 
     assert( p->base.zErrMsg==0 );
     rc = sqlite3Fts3ExprParse(p->pTokenizer, pCsr->iLangid,
-        p->azColumn, p->bFts4, p->nColumn, iCol, zQuery, -1, &pCsr->pExpr, 
+        p->azColumn, p->bFts4, p->nColumn, iCol, zQuery, -1, &pCsr->pExpr,
         &p->base.zErrMsg
     );
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -160622,12 +171120,16 @@ static int fts3FilterMethod(
           (pCsr->bDesc ? "DESC" : "ASC")
       );
     }else{
-      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT %s ORDER BY rowid %s", 
+      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT %s ORDER BY rowid %s",
           p->zReadExprlist, (pCsr->bDesc ? "DESC" : "ASC")
       );
     }
     if( zSql ){
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->db,zSql,-1,SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,&pCsr->pStmt,0);
+      p->bLock++;
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(
+          p->db,zSql,-1,SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,&pCsr->pStmt,0
+      );
+      p->bLock--;
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
     }else{
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -160643,8 +171145,8 @@ static int fts3FilterMethod(
   return fts3NextMethod(pCursor);
 }
 
-/* 
-** This is the xEof method of the virtual table. SQLite calls this 
+/*
+** This is the xEof method of the virtual table. SQLite calls this
 ** routine to find out if it has reached the end of a result set.
 */
 static int fts3EofMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
@@ -160656,7 +171158,7 @@ static int fts3EofMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
   return pCsr->isEof;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** This is the xRowid method. The SQLite core calls this routine to
 ** retrieve the rowid for the current row of the result set. fts3
 ** exposes %_content.docid as the rowid for the virtual table. The
@@ -160668,7 +171170,7 @@ static int fts3RowidMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** This is the xColumn method, called by SQLite to request a value from
 ** the row that the supplied cursor currently points to.
 **
@@ -160711,7 +171213,7 @@ static int fts3ColumnMethod(
         break;
       }else{
         iCol = p->nColumn;
-        /* fall-through */
+        /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
       }
 
     default:
@@ -160728,8 +171230,8 @@ static int fts3ColumnMethod(
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
-** This function is the implementation of the xUpdate callback used by 
+/*
+** This function is the implementation of the xUpdate callback used by
 ** FTS3 virtual tables. It is invoked by SQLite each time a row is to be
 ** inserted, updated or deleted.
 */
@@ -160764,7 +171266,7 @@ static int fts3SyncMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
   **
   ** Of course, updating the input segments also involves deleting a bunch
   ** of blocks from the segments table. But this is not considered overhead
-  ** as it would also be required by a crisis-merge that used the same input 
+  ** as it would also be required by a crisis-merge that used the same input
   ** segments.
   */
   const u32 nMinMerge = 64;       /* Minimum amount of incr-merge work to do */
@@ -160774,8 +171276,8 @@ static int fts3SyncMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
   i64 iLastRowid = sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(p->db);
 
   rc = sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsFlush(p);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK 
-   && p->nLeafAdd>(nMinMerge/16) 
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK
+   && p->nLeafAdd>(nMinMerge/16)
    && p->nAutoincrmerge && p->nAutoincrmerge!=0xff
   ){
     int mxLevel = 0;              /* Maximum relative level value in db */
@@ -160814,7 +171316,7 @@ static int fts3SetHasStat(Fts3Table *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** Implementation of xBegin() method. 
+** Implementation of xBegin() method.
 */
 static int fts3BeginMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
   Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table*)pVtab;
@@ -160870,17 +171372,17 @@ static void fts3ReversePoslist(char *pStart, char **ppPoslist){
   /* Skip backwards passed any trailing 0x00 bytes added by NearTrim() */
   while( p>pStart && (c=*p--)==0 );
 
-  /* Search backwards for a varint with value zero (the end of the previous 
+  /* Search backwards for a varint with value zero (the end of the previous
   ** poslist). This is an 0x00 byte preceded by some byte that does not
   ** have the 0x80 bit set.  */
-  while( p>pStart && (*p & 0x80) | c ){ 
-    c = *p--; 
+  while( p>pStart && (*p & 0x80) | c ){
+    c = *p--;
   }
   assert( p==pStart || c==0 );
 
   /* At this point p points to that preceding byte without the 0x80 bit
   ** set. So to find the start of the poslist, skip forward 2 bytes then
-  ** over a varint. 
+  ** over a varint.
   **
   ** Normally. The other case is that p==pStart and the poslist to return
   ** is the first in the doclist. In this case do not skip forward 2 bytes.
@@ -160901,7 +171403,7 @@ static void fts3ReversePoslist(char *pStart, char **ppPoslist){
 ** offsets() and optimize() SQL functions.
 **
 ** If the value passed as the third argument is a blob of size
-** sizeof(Fts3Cursor*), then the blob contents are copied to the 
+** sizeof(Fts3Cursor*), then the blob contents are copied to the
 ** output variable *ppCsr and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an error
 ** message is written to context pContext and SQLITE_ERROR returned. The
 ** string passed via zFunc is used as part of the error message.
@@ -160946,7 +171448,7 @@ static void fts3SnippetFunc(
   assert( nVal>=1 );
 
   if( nVal>6 ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(pContext, 
+    sqlite3_result_error(pContext,
         "wrong number of arguments to function snippet()", -1);
     return;
   }
@@ -160954,9 +171456,13 @@ static void fts3SnippetFunc(
 
   switch( nVal ){
     case 6: nToken = sqlite3_value_int(apVal[5]);
+            /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     case 5: iCol = sqlite3_value_int(apVal[4]);
+            /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     case 4: zEllipsis = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[3]);
+            /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     case 3: zEnd = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[2]);
+            /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     case 2: zStart = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[1]);
   }
   if( !zEllipsis || !zEnd || !zStart ){
@@ -160988,8 +171494,8 @@ static void fts3OffsetsFunc(
   }
 }
 
-/* 
-** Implementation of the special optimize() function for FTS3. This 
+/*
+** Implementation of the special optimize() function for FTS3. This
 ** function merges all segments in the database to a single segment.
 ** Example usage is:
 **
@@ -161098,10 +171604,10 @@ static int fts3RenameMethod(
   /* At this point it must be known if the %_stat table exists or not.
   ** So bHasStat may not be 2.  */
   rc = fts3SetHasStat(p);
-  
+
   /* As it happens, the pending terms table is always empty here. This is
-  ** because an "ALTER TABLE RENAME TABLE" statement inside a transaction 
-  ** always opens a savepoint transaction. And the xSavepoint() method 
+  ** because an "ALTER TABLE RENAME TABLE" statement inside a transaction
+  ** always opens a savepoint transaction. And the xSavepoint() method
   ** flushes the pending terms table. But leave the (no-op) call to
   ** PendingTermsFlush() in in case that changes.
   */
@@ -161181,14 +171687,28 @@ static int fts3RollbackToMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
   Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table*)pVtab;
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(iSavepoint);
   assert( p->inTransaction );
-  assert( p->mxSavepoint >= iSavepoint );
   TESTONLY( p->mxSavepoint = iSavepoint );
   sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsClear(p);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
+/*
+** Return true if zName is the extension on one of the shadow tables used
+** by this module.
+*/
+static int fts3ShadowName(const char *zName){
+  static const char *azName[] = {
+    "content", "docsize", "segdir", "segments", "stat",
+  };
+  unsigned int i;
+  for(i=0; i<sizeof(azName)/sizeof(azName[0]); i++){
+    if( sqlite3_stricmp(zName, azName[i])==0 ) return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
 static const sqlite3_module fts3Module = {
-  /* iVersion      */ 2,
+  /* iVersion      */ 3,
   /* xCreate       */ fts3CreateMethod,
   /* xConnect      */ fts3ConnectMethod,
   /* xBestIndex    */ fts3BestIndexMethod,
@@ -161211,6 +171731,7 @@ static const sqlite3_module fts3Module = {
   /* xSavepoint    */ fts3SavepointMethod,
   /* xRelease      */ fts3ReleaseMethod,
   /* xRollbackTo   */ fts3RollbackToMethod,
+  /* xShadowName   */ fts3ShadowName,
 };
 
 /*
@@ -161225,7 +171746,7 @@ static void hashDestroy(void *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** The fts3 built-in tokenizers - "simple", "porter" and "icu"- are 
+** The fts3 built-in tokenizers - "simple", "porter" and "icu"- are
 ** implemented in files fts3_tokenizer1.c, fts3_porter.c and fts3_icu.c
 ** respectively. The following three forward declarations are for functions
 ** declared in these files used to retrieve the respective implementations.
@@ -161289,10 +171810,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Init(sqlite3 *db){
   /* Load the built-in tokenizers into the hash table */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     if( sqlite3Fts3HashInsert(pHash, "simple", 7, (void *)pSimple)
-     || sqlite3Fts3HashInsert(pHash, "porter", 7, (void *)pPorter) 
+     || sqlite3Fts3HashInsert(pHash, "porter", 7, (void *)pPorter)
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_FTS3_UNICODE
-     || sqlite3Fts3HashInsert(pHash, "unicode61", 10, (void *)pUnicode) 
+     || sqlite3Fts3HashInsert(pHash, "unicode61", 10, (void *)pUnicode)
 #endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
      || (pIcu && sqlite3Fts3HashInsert(pHash, "icu", 4, (void *)pIcu))
@@ -161308,11 +171829,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Init(sqlite3 *db){
   }
 #endif
 
-  /* Create the virtual table wrapper around the hash-table and overload 
+  /* Create the virtual table wrapper around the hash-table and overload
   ** the four scalar functions. If this is successful, register the
   ** module with sqlite.
   */
-  if( SQLITE_OK==rc 
+  if( SQLITE_OK==rc
    && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3Fts3InitHashTable(db, pHash, "fts3_tokenizer"))
    && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3_overload_function(db, "snippet", -1))
    && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3_overload_function(db, "offsets", 1))
@@ -161346,7 +171867,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Init(sqlite3 *db){
 
 /*
 ** Allocate an Fts3MultiSegReader for each token in the expression headed
-** by pExpr. 
+** by pExpr.
 **
 ** An Fts3SegReader object is a cursor that can seek or scan a range of
 ** entries within a single segment b-tree. An Fts3MultiSegReader uses multiple
@@ -161356,7 +171877,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Init(sqlite3 *db){
 ** If the allocated Fts3MultiSegReader just seeks to a single entry in a
 ** segment b-tree (if the term is not a prefix or it is a prefix for which
 ** there exists prefix b-tree of the right length) then it may be traversed
-** and merged incrementally. Otherwise, it has to be merged into an in-memory 
+** and merged incrementally. Otherwise, it has to be merged into an in-memory
 ** doclist and then traversed.
 */
 static void fts3EvalAllocateReaders(
@@ -161373,7 +171894,7 @@ static void fts3EvalAllocateReaders(
       *pnToken += nToken;
       for(i=0; i<nToken; i++){
         Fts3PhraseToken *pToken = &pExpr->pPhrase->aToken[i];
-        int rc = fts3TermSegReaderCursor(pCsr, 
+        int rc = fts3TermSegReaderCursor(pCsr,
             pToken->z, pToken->n, pToken->isPrefix, &pToken->pSegcsr
         );
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -161491,6 +172012,7 @@ static int fts3EvalPhraseLoad(
   return rc;
 }
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_FTS4_DEFERRED
 /*
 ** This function is called on each phrase after the position lists for
 ** any deferred tokens have been loaded into memory. It updates the phrases
@@ -161578,7 +172100,7 @@ static int fts3EvalDeferredPhrase(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, Fts3Phrase *pPhrase){
         sqlite3_free(aPoslist);
         return SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }
-      
+
       pPhrase->doclist.pList = aOut;
       if( fts3PoslistPhraseMerge(&aOut, nDistance, 0, 1, &p1, &p2) ){
         pPhrase->doclist.bFreeList = 1;
@@ -161594,6 +172116,7 @@ static int fts3EvalDeferredPhrase(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, Fts3Phrase *pPhrase){
 
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
+#endif /* SQLITE_DISABLE_FTS4_DEFERRED */
 
 /*
 ** Maximum number of tokens a phrase may have to be considered for the
@@ -161602,7 +172125,7 @@ static int fts3EvalDeferredPhrase(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, Fts3Phrase *pPhrase){
 #define MAX_INCR_PHRASE_TOKENS 4
 
 /*
-** This function is called for each Fts3Phrase in a full-text query 
+** This function is called for each Fts3Phrase in a full-text query
 ** expression to initialize the mechanism for returning rows. Once this
 ** function has been called successfully on an Fts3Phrase, it may be
 ** used with fts3EvalPhraseNext() to iterate through the matching docids.
@@ -161620,14 +172143,14 @@ static int fts3EvalPhraseStart(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, int bOptOk, Fts3Phrase *p){
 
   /* Determine if doclists may be loaded from disk incrementally. This is
   ** possible if the bOptOk argument is true, the FTS doclists will be
-  ** scanned in forward order, and the phrase consists of 
+  ** scanned in forward order, and the phrase consists of
   ** MAX_INCR_PHRASE_TOKENS or fewer tokens, none of which are are "^first"
   ** tokens or prefix tokens that cannot use a prefix-index.  */
   int bHaveIncr = 0;
-  int bIncrOk = (bOptOk 
-   && pCsr->bDesc==pTab->bDescIdx 
+  int bIncrOk = (bOptOk
+   && pCsr->bDesc==pTab->bDescIdx
    && p->nToken<=MAX_INCR_PHRASE_TOKENS && p->nToken>0
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
    && pTab->bNoIncrDoclist==0
 #endif
   );
@@ -161661,12 +172184,12 @@ static int fts3EvalPhraseStart(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, int bOptOk, Fts3Phrase *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is used to iterate backwards (from the end to start) 
+** This function is used to iterate backwards (from the end to start)
 ** through doclists. It is used by this module to iterate through phrase
 ** doclists in reverse and by the fts3_write.c module to iterate through
 ** pending-terms lists when writing to databases with "order=desc".
 **
-** The doclist may be sorted in ascending (parameter bDescIdx==0) or 
+** The doclist may be sorted in ascending (parameter bDescIdx==0) or
 ** descending (parameter bDescIdx==1) order of docid. Regardless, this
 ** function iterates from the end of the doclist to the beginning.
 */
@@ -161738,7 +172261,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3DoclistNext(
 
   assert( nDoclist>0 );
   assert( *pbEof==0 );
-  assert( p || *piDocid==0 );
+  assert_fts3_nc( p || *piDocid==0 );
   assert( !p || (p>=aDoclist && p<=&aDoclist[nDoclist]) );
 
   if( p==0 ){
@@ -161746,7 +172269,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3DoclistNext(
     p += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(p, piDocid);
   }else{
     fts3PoslistCopy(0, &p);
-    while( p<&aDoclist[nDoclist] && *p==0 ) p++; 
+    while( p<&aDoclist[nDoclist] && *p==0 ) p++;
     if( p>=&aDoclist[nDoclist] ){
       *pbEof = 1;
     }else{
@@ -161769,15 +172292,16 @@ static void fts3EvalDlPhraseNext(
   u8 *pbEof
 ){
   char *pIter;                            /* Used to iterate through aAll */
-  char *pEnd = &pDL->aAll[pDL->nAll];     /* 1 byte past end of aAll */
- 
+  char *pEnd;                             /* 1 byte past end of aAll */
+
   if( pDL->pNextDocid ){
     pIter = pDL->pNextDocid;
+    assert( pDL->aAll!=0 || pIter==0 );
   }else{
     pIter = pDL->aAll;
   }
 
-  if( pIter>=pEnd ){
+  if( pIter==0 || pIter>=(pEnd = pDL->aAll + pDL->nAll) ){
     /* We have already reached the end of this doclist. EOF. */
     *pbEof = 1;
   }else{
@@ -161818,12 +172342,12 @@ struct TokenDoclist {
 };
 
 /*
-** Token pToken is an incrementally loaded token that is part of a 
+** Token pToken is an incrementally loaded token that is part of a
 ** multi-token phrase. Advance it to the next matching document in the
 ** database and populate output variable *p with the details of the new
 ** entry. Or, if the iterator has reached EOF, set *pbEof to true.
 **
-** If an error occurs, return an SQLite error code. Otherwise, return 
+** If an error occurs, return an SQLite error code. Otherwise, return
 ** SQLITE_OK.
 */
 static int incrPhraseTokenNext(
@@ -161864,18 +172388,18 @@ static int incrPhraseTokenNext(
 /*
 ** The phrase iterator passed as the second argument:
 **
-**   * features at least one token that uses an incremental doclist, and 
+**   * features at least one token that uses an incremental doclist, and
 **
 **   * does not contain any deferred tokens.
 **
 ** Advance it to the next matching documnent in the database and populate
-** the Fts3Doclist.pList and nList fields. 
+** the Fts3Doclist.pList and nList fields.
 **
 ** If there is no "next" entry and no error occurs, then *pbEof is set to
 ** 1 before returning. Otherwise, if no error occurs and the iterator is
 ** successfully advanced, *pbEof is set to 0.
 **
-** If an error occurs, return an SQLite error code. Otherwise, return 
+** If an error occurs, return an SQLite error code. Otherwise, return
 ** SQLITE_OK.
 */
 static int fts3EvalIncrPhraseNext(
@@ -161893,7 +172417,7 @@ static int fts3EvalIncrPhraseNext(
   assert( p->bIncr==1 );
 
   if( p->nToken==1 ){
-    rc = sqlite3Fts3MsrIncrNext(pTab, p->aToken[0].pSegcsr, 
+    rc = sqlite3Fts3MsrIncrNext(pTab, p->aToken[0].pSegcsr,
         &pDL->iDocid, &pDL->pList, &pDL->nList
     );
     if( pDL->pList==0 ) bEof = 1;
@@ -161923,8 +172447,8 @@ static int fts3EvalIncrPhraseNext(
 
       /* Keep advancing iterators until they all point to the same document */
       for(i=0; i<p->nToken; i++){
-        while( rc==SQLITE_OK && bEof==0 
-            && a[i].bIgnore==0 && DOCID_CMP(a[i].iDocid, iMax)<0 
+        while( rc==SQLITE_OK && bEof==0
+            && a[i].bIgnore==0 && DOCID_CMP(a[i].iDocid, iMax)<0
         ){
           rc = incrPhraseTokenNext(pTab, p, i, &a[i], &bEof);
           if( DOCID_CMP(a[i].iDocid, iMax)>0 ){
@@ -161938,9 +172462,10 @@ static int fts3EvalIncrPhraseNext(
       if( bEof==0 ){
         int nList = 0;
         int nByte = a[p->nToken-1].nList;
-        char *aDoclist = sqlite3_malloc(nByte+1);
+        char *aDoclist = sqlite3_malloc(nByte+FTS3_BUFFER_PADDING);
         if( !aDoclist ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
         memcpy(aDoclist, a[p->nToken-1].pList, nByte+1);
+        memset(&aDoclist[nByte], 0, FTS3_BUFFER_PADDING);
 
         for(i=0; i<(p->nToken-1); i++){
           if( a[i].bIgnore==0 ){
@@ -161970,8 +172495,8 @@ static int fts3EvalIncrPhraseNext(
 }
 
 /*
-** Attempt to move the phrase iterator to point to the next matching docid. 
-** If an error occurs, return an SQLite error code. Otherwise, return 
+** Attempt to move the phrase iterator to point to the next matching docid.
+** If an error occurs, return an SQLite error code. Otherwise, return
 ** SQLITE_OK.
 **
 ** If there is no "next" entry and no error occurs, then *pbEof is set to
@@ -161990,7 +172515,7 @@ static int fts3EvalPhraseNext(
   if( p->bIncr ){
     rc = fts3EvalIncrPhraseNext(pCsr, p, pbEof);
   }else if( pCsr->bDesc!=pTab->bDescIdx && pDL->nAll ){
-    sqlite3Fts3DoclistPrev(pTab->bDescIdx, pDL->aAll, pDL->nAll, 
+    sqlite3Fts3DoclistPrev(pTab->bDescIdx, pDL->aAll, pDL->nAll,
         &pDL->pNextDocid, &pDL->iDocid, &pDL->nList, pbEof
     );
     pDL->pList = pDL->pNextDocid;
@@ -162050,7 +172575,7 @@ static void fts3EvalStartReaders(
 ** Tokens are divided into AND/NEAR clusters. All tokens in a cluster belong
 ** to phrases that are connected only by AND and NEAR operators (not OR or
 ** NOT). When determining tokens to defer, each AND/NEAR cluster is considered
-** separately. The root of a tokens AND/NEAR cluster is stored in 
+** separately. The root of a tokens AND/NEAR cluster is stored in
 ** Fts3TokenAndCost.pRoot.
 */
 typedef struct Fts3TokenAndCost Fts3TokenAndCost;
@@ -162118,7 +172643,7 @@ static void fts3EvalTokenCosts(
 ** write this value to *pnPage and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, return
 ** an SQLite error code.
 **
-** The average document size in pages is calculated by first calculating 
+** The average document size in pages is calculated by first calculating
 ** determining the average size in bytes, B. If B is less than the amount
 ** of data that will fit on a single leaf page of an intkey table in
 ** this database, then the average docsize is 1. Otherwise, it is 1 plus
@@ -162128,10 +172653,10 @@ static int fts3EvalAverageDocsize(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, int *pnPage){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   if( pCsr->nRowAvg==0 ){
     /* The average document size, which is required to calculate the cost
-    ** of each doclist, has not yet been determined. Read the required 
+    ** of each doclist, has not yet been determined. Read the required
     ** data from the %_stat table to calculate it.
     **
-    ** Entry 0 of the %_stat table is a blob containing (nCol+1) FTS3 
+    ** Entry 0 of the %_stat table is a blob containing (nCol+1) FTS3
     ** varints, where nCol is the number of columns in the FTS3 table.
     ** The first varint is the number of documents currently stored in
     ** the table. The following nCol varints contain the total amount of
@@ -162148,12 +172673,13 @@ static int fts3EvalAverageDocsize(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, int *pnPage){
     rc = sqlite3Fts3SelectDoctotal(p, &pStmt);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
     a = sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, 0);
-    assert( a );
-
-    pEnd = &a[sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 0)];
-    a += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(a, &nDoc);
-    while( a<pEnd ){
-      a += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(a, &nByte);
+    testcase( a==0 );  /* If %_stat.value set to X'' */
+    if( a ){
+      pEnd = &a[sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 0)];
+      a += sqlite3Fts3GetVarintBounded(a, pEnd, &nDoc);
+      while( a<pEnd ){
+        a += sqlite3Fts3GetVarintBounded(a, pEnd, &nByte);
+      }
     }
     if( nDoc==0 || nByte==0 ){
       sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
@@ -162162,7 +172688,7 @@ static int fts3EvalAverageDocsize(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, int *pnPage){
 
     pCsr->nDoc = nDoc;
     pCsr->nRowAvg = (int)(((nByte / nDoc) + p->nPgsz) / p->nPgsz);
-    assert( pCsr->nRowAvg>0 ); 
+    assert( pCsr->nRowAvg>0 );
     rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
   }
 
@@ -162171,11 +172697,11 @@ static int fts3EvalAverageDocsize(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, int *pnPage){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is called to select the tokens (if any) that will be 
+** This function is called to select the tokens (if any) that will be
 ** deferred. The array aTC[] has already been populated when this is
 ** called.
 **
-** This function is called once for each AND/NEAR cluster in the 
+** This function is called once for each AND/NEAR cluster in the
 ** expression. Each invocation determines which tokens to defer within
 ** the cluster with root node pRoot. See comments above the definition
 ** of struct Fts3TokenAndCost for more details.
@@ -162225,8 +172751,8 @@ static int fts3EvalSelectDeferred(
   assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || nDocSize>0 );
 
 
-  /* Iterate through all tokens in this AND/NEAR cluster, in ascending order 
-  ** of the number of overflow pages that will be loaded by the pager layer 
+  /* Iterate through all tokens in this AND/NEAR cluster, in ascending order
+  ** of the number of overflow pages that will be loaded by the pager layer
   ** to retrieve the entire doclist for the token from the full-text index.
   ** Load the doclists for tokens that are either:
   **
@@ -162237,7 +172763,7 @@ static int fts3EvalSelectDeferred(
   **
   ** After each token doclist is loaded, merge it with the others from the
   ** same phrase and count the number of documents that the merged doclist
-  ** contains. Set variable "nMinEst" to the smallest number of documents in 
+  ** contains. Set variable "nMinEst" to the smallest number of documents in
   ** any phrase doclist for which 1 or more token doclists have been loaded.
   ** Let nOther be the number of other phrases for which it is certain that
   ** one or more tokens will not be deferred.
@@ -162253,8 +172779,8 @@ static int fts3EvalSelectDeferred(
 
     /* Set pTC to point to the cheapest remaining token. */
     for(iTC=0; iTC<nTC; iTC++){
-      if( aTC[iTC].pToken && aTC[iTC].pRoot==pRoot 
-       && (!pTC || aTC[iTC].nOvfl<pTC->nOvfl) 
+      if( aTC[iTC].pToken && aTC[iTC].pRoot==pRoot
+       && (!pTC || aTC[iTC].nOvfl<pTC->nOvfl)
       ){
         pTC = &aTC[iTC];
       }
@@ -162263,7 +172789,7 @@ static int fts3EvalSelectDeferred(
 
     if( ii && pTC->nOvfl>=((nMinEst+(nLoad4/4)-1)/(nLoad4/4))*nDocSize ){
       /* The number of overflow pages to load for this (and therefore all
-      ** subsequent) tokens is greater than the estimated number of pages 
+      ** subsequent) tokens is greater than the estimated number of pages
       ** that will be loaded if all subsequent tokens are deferred.
       */
       Fts3PhraseToken *pToken = pTC->pToken;
@@ -162272,7 +172798,7 @@ static int fts3EvalSelectDeferred(
       pToken->pSegcsr = 0;
     }else{
       /* Set nLoad4 to the value of (4^nOther) for the next iteration of the
-      ** for-loop. Except, limit the value to 2^24 to prevent it from 
+      ** for-loop. Except, limit the value to 2^24 to prevent it from
       ** overflowing the 32-bit integer it is stored in. */
       if( ii<12 ) nLoad4 = nLoad4*4;
 
@@ -162331,7 +172857,7 @@ static int fts3EvalStart(Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nToken>1 && pTab->bFts4 ){
     Fts3TokenAndCost *aTC;
     Fts3Expr **apOr;
-    aTC = (Fts3TokenAndCost *)sqlite3_malloc(
+    aTC = (Fts3TokenAndCost *)sqlite3_malloc64(
         sizeof(Fts3TokenAndCost) * nToken
       + sizeof(Fts3Expr *) * nOr * 2
     );
@@ -162385,7 +172911,7 @@ static void fts3EvalInvalidatePoslist(Fts3Phrase *pPhrase){
 **
 ** Parameter nNear is passed the NEAR distance of the expression (5 in
 ** the example above). When this function is called, *paPoslist points to
-** the position list, and *pnToken is the number of phrase tokens in, the
+** the position list, and *pnToken is the number of phrase tokens in the
 ** phrase on the other side of the NEAR operator to pPhrase. For example,
 ** if pPhrase refers to the "def ghi" phrase, then *paPoslist points to
 ** the position list associated with phrase "abc".
@@ -162394,7 +172920,7 @@ static void fts3EvalInvalidatePoslist(Fts3Phrase *pPhrase){
 ** close to a position in the *paPoslist position list are removed. If this
 ** leaves 0 positions, zero is returned. Otherwise, non-zero.
 **
-** Before returning, *paPoslist is set to point to the position lsit 
+** Before returning, *paPoslist is set to point to the position lsit
 ** associated with pPhrase. And *pnToken is set to the number of tokens in
 ** pPhrase.
 */
@@ -162408,8 +172934,8 @@ static int fts3EvalNearTrim(
   int nParam1 = nNear + pPhrase->nToken;
   int nParam2 = nNear + *pnToken;
   int nNew;
-  char *p2; 
-  char *pOut; 
+  char *p2;
+  char *pOut;
   int res;
 
   assert( pPhrase->doclist.pList );
@@ -162420,10 +172946,12 @@ static int fts3EvalNearTrim(
   );
   if( res ){
     nNew = (int)(pOut - pPhrase->doclist.pList) - 1;
-    assert( pPhrase->doclist.pList[nNew]=='\0' );
-    assert( nNew<=pPhrase->doclist.nList && nNew>0 );
-    memset(&pPhrase->doclist.pList[nNew], 0, pPhrase->doclist.nList - nNew);
-    pPhrase->doclist.nList = nNew;
+    if( nNew>=0 ){
+      assert( pPhrase->doclist.pList[nNew]=='\0' );
+      assert( nNew<=pPhrase->doclist.nList && nNew>0 );
+      memset(&pPhrase->doclist.pList[nNew], 0, pPhrase->doclist.nList - nNew);
+      pPhrase->doclist.nList = nNew;
+    }
     *paPoslist = pPhrase->doclist.pList;
     *pnToken = pPhrase->nToken;
   }
@@ -162456,19 +172984,19 @@ static int fts3EvalNearTrim(
 **
 **   1. Deferred tokens are not taken into account. If a phrase consists
 **      entirely of deferred tokens, it is assumed to match every row in
-**      the db. In this case the position-list is not populated at all. 
+**      the db. In this case the position-list is not populated at all.
 **
 **      Or, if a phrase contains one or more deferred tokens and one or
-**      more non-deferred tokens, then the expression is advanced to the 
+**      more non-deferred tokens, then the expression is advanced to the
 **      next possible match, considering only non-deferred tokens. In other
 **      words, if the phrase is "A B C", and "B" is deferred, the expression
-**      is advanced to the next row that contains an instance of "A * C", 
+**      is advanced to the next row that contains an instance of "A * C",
 **      where "*" may match any single token. The position list in this case
 **      is populated as for "A * C" before returning.
 **
-**   2. NEAR is treated as AND. If the expression is "x NEAR y", it is 
+**   2. NEAR is treated as AND. If the expression is "x NEAR y", it is
 **      advanced to point to the next row that matches "x AND y".
-** 
+**
 ** See sqlite3Fts3EvalTestDeferred() for details on testing if a row is
 ** really a match, taking into account deferred tokens and NEAR operators.
 */
@@ -162532,11 +173060,12 @@ static void fts3EvalNextRow(
                 fts3EvalNextRow(pCsr, pLeft, pRc);
               }
             }
+            pRight->bEof = pLeft->bEof = 1;
           }
         }
         break;
       }
-  
+
       case FTSQUERY_OR: {
         Fts3Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
         Fts3Expr *pRight = pExpr->pRight;
@@ -162576,9 +173105,9 @@ static void fts3EvalNextRow(
 
         fts3EvalNextRow(pCsr, pLeft, pRc);
         if( pLeft->bEof==0 ){
-          while( !*pRc 
-              && !pRight->bEof 
-              && DOCID_CMP(pLeft->iDocid, pRight->iDocid)>0 
+          while( !*pRc
+              && !pRight->bEof
+              && DOCID_CMP(pLeft->iDocid, pRight->iDocid)>0
           ){
             fts3EvalNextRow(pCsr, pRight, pRc);
           }
@@ -162603,14 +173132,14 @@ static void fts3EvalNextRow(
 ** If *pRc is not SQLITE_OK, or if pExpr is not the root node of a NEAR
 ** cluster, then this function returns 1 immediately.
 **
-** Otherwise, it checks if the current row really does match the NEAR 
-** expression, using the data currently stored in the position lists 
-** (Fts3Expr->pPhrase.doclist.pList/nList) for each phrase in the expression. 
+** Otherwise, it checks if the current row really does match the NEAR
+** expression, using the data currently stored in the position lists
+** (Fts3Expr->pPhrase.doclist.pList/nList) for each phrase in the expression.
 **
 ** If the current row is a match, the position list associated with each
 ** phrase in the NEAR expression is edited in place to contain only those
 ** phrase instances sufficiently close to their peers to satisfy all NEAR
-** constraints. In this case it returns 1. If the NEAR expression does not 
+** constraints. In this case it returns 1. If the NEAR expression does not
 ** match the current row, 0 is returned. The position lists may or may not
 ** be edited if 0 is returned.
 */
@@ -162633,16 +173162,16 @@ static int fts3EvalNearTest(Fts3Expr *pExpr, int *pRc){
   **                |        |
   **               "w"      "x"
   **
-  ** The right-hand child of a NEAR node is always a phrase. The 
+  ** The right-hand child of a NEAR node is always a phrase. The
   ** left-hand child may be either a phrase or a NEAR node. There are
   ** no exceptions to this - it's the way the parser in fts3_expr.c works.
   */
-  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK 
-   && pExpr->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR 
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK
+   && pExpr->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR
    && (pExpr->pParent==0 || pExpr->pParent->eType!=FTSQUERY_NEAR)
   ){
-    Fts3Expr *p; 
-    int nTmp = 0;                 /* Bytes of temp space */
+    Fts3Expr *p;
+    sqlite3_int64 nTmp = 0;       /* Bytes of temp space */
     char *aTmp;                   /* Temp space for PoslistNearMerge() */
 
     /* Allocate temporary working space. */
@@ -162651,7 +173180,7 @@ static int fts3EvalNearTest(Fts3Expr *pExpr, int *pRc){
       nTmp += p->pRight->pPhrase->doclist.nList;
     }
     nTmp += p->pPhrase->doclist.nList;
-    aTmp = sqlite3_malloc(nTmp*2);
+    aTmp = sqlite3_malloc64(nTmp*2);
     if( !aTmp ){
       *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       res = 0;
@@ -162688,12 +173217,12 @@ static int fts3EvalNearTest(Fts3Expr *pExpr, int *pRc){
 /*
 ** This function is a helper function for sqlite3Fts3EvalTestDeferred().
 ** Assuming no error occurs or has occurred, It returns non-zero if the
-** expression passed as the second argument matches the row that pCsr 
+** expression passed as the second argument matches the row that pCsr
 ** currently points to, or zero if it does not.
 **
 ** If *pRc is not SQLITE_OK when this function is called, it is a no-op.
-** If an error occurs during execution of this function, *pRc is set to 
-** the appropriate SQLite error code. In this case the returned value is 
+** If an error occurs during execution of this function, *pRc is set to
+** the appropriate SQLite error code. In this case the returned value is
 ** undefined.
 */
 static int fts3EvalTestExpr(
@@ -162712,10 +173241,10 @@ static int fts3EvalTestExpr(
          && fts3EvalNearTest(pExpr, pRc)
         );
 
-        /* If the NEAR expression does not match any rows, zero the doclist for 
+        /* If the NEAR expression does not match any rows, zero the doclist for
         ** all phrases involved in the NEAR. This is because the snippet(),
-        ** offsets() and matchinfo() functions are not supposed to recognize 
-        ** any instances of phrases that are part of unmatched NEAR queries. 
+        ** offsets() and matchinfo() functions are not supposed to recognize
+        ** any instances of phrases that are part of unmatched NEAR queries.
         ** For example if this expression:
         **
         **    ... MATCH 'a OR (b NEAR c)'
@@ -162727,8 +173256,8 @@ static int fts3EvalTestExpr(
         ** then any snippet() should ony highlight the "a" term, not the "b"
         ** (as "b" is part of a non-matching NEAR clause).
         */
-        if( bHit==0 
-         && pExpr->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR 
+        if( bHit==0
+         && pExpr->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR
          && (pExpr->pParent==0 || pExpr->pParent->eType!=FTSQUERY_NEAR)
         ){
           Fts3Expr *p;
@@ -162760,7 +173289,7 @@ static int fts3EvalTestExpr(
 
       default: {
 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_FTS4_DEFERRED
-        if( pCsr->pDeferred 
+        if( pCsr->pDeferred
          && (pExpr->iDocid==pCsr->iPrevId || pExpr->bDeferred)
         ){
           Fts3Phrase *pPhrase = pExpr->pPhrase;
@@ -162774,7 +173303,10 @@ static int fts3EvalTestExpr(
         }else
 #endif
         {
-          bHit = (pExpr->bEof==0 && pExpr->iDocid==pCsr->iPrevId);
+          bHit = (
+              pExpr->bEof==0 && pExpr->iDocid==pCsr->iPrevId
+           && pExpr->pPhrase->doclist.nList>0
+          );
         }
         break;
       }
@@ -162816,7 +173348,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3EvalTestDeferred(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, int *pRc){
     ** memory and scan it to determine the position list for each deferred
     ** token. Then, see if this row is really a match, considering deferred
     ** tokens and NEAR operators (neither of which were taken into account
-    ** earlier, by fts3EvalNextRow()). 
+    ** earlier, by fts3EvalNextRow()).
     */
     if( pCsr->pDeferred ){
       rc = fts3CursorSeek(0, pCsr);
@@ -162871,7 +173403,7 @@ static int fts3EvalNext(Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
 
 /*
 ** Restart interation for expression pExpr so that the next call to
-** fts3EvalNext() visits the first row. Do not allow incremental 
+** fts3EvalNext() visits the first row. Do not allow incremental
 ** loading or merging of phrase doclists for this iteration.
 **
 ** If *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when this function is called, it is
@@ -162914,22 +173446,21 @@ static void fts3EvalRestart(
 }
 
 /*
-** After allocating the Fts3Expr.aMI[] array for each phrase in the 
+** After allocating the Fts3Expr.aMI[] array for each phrase in the
 ** expression rooted at pExpr, the cursor iterates through all rows matched
 ** by pExpr, calling this function for each row. This function increments
 ** the values in Fts3Expr.aMI[] according to the position-list currently
-** found in Fts3Expr.pPhrase->doclist.pList for each of the phrase 
+** found in Fts3Expr.pPhrase->doclist.pList for each of the phrase
 ** expression nodes.
 */
-static void fts3EvalUpdateCounts(Fts3Expr *pExpr){
+static void fts3EvalUpdateCounts(Fts3Expr *pExpr, int nCol){
   if( pExpr ){
     Fts3Phrase *pPhrase = pExpr->pPhrase;
     if( pPhrase && pPhrase->doclist.pList ){
       int iCol = 0;
       char *p = pPhrase->doclist.pList;
 
-      assert( *p );
-      while( 1 ){
+      do{
         u8 c = 0;
         int iCnt = 0;
         while( 0xFE & (*p | c) ){
@@ -162945,11 +173476,11 @@ static void fts3EvalUpdateCounts(Fts3Expr *pExpr){
         if( *p==0x00 ) break;
         p++;
         p += fts3GetVarint32(p, &iCol);
-      }
+      }while( iCol<nCol );
     }
 
-    fts3EvalUpdateCounts(pExpr->pLeft);
-    fts3EvalUpdateCounts(pExpr->pRight);
+    fts3EvalUpdateCounts(pExpr->pLeft, nCol);
+    fts3EvalUpdateCounts(pExpr->pRight, nCol);
   }
 }
 
@@ -162993,7 +173524,7 @@ static int fts3EvalGatherStats(
     for(p=pRoot; p; p=p->pLeft){
       Fts3Expr *pE = (p->eType==FTSQUERY_PHRASE?p:p->pRight);
       assert( pE->aMI==0 );
-      pE->aMI = (u32 *)sqlite3_malloc(pTab->nColumn * 3 * sizeof(u32));
+      pE->aMI = (u32 *)sqlite3_malloc64(pTab->nColumn * 3 * sizeof(u32));
       if( !pE->aMI ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
       memset(pE->aMI, 0, pTab->nColumn * 3 * sizeof(u32));
     }
@@ -163013,13 +173544,13 @@ static int fts3EvalGatherStats(
         pCsr->isRequireSeek = 1;
         pCsr->isMatchinfoNeeded = 1;
         pCsr->iPrevId = pRoot->iDocid;
-      }while( pCsr->isEof==0 
-           && pRoot->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR 
-           && sqlite3Fts3EvalTestDeferred(pCsr, &rc) 
+      }while( pCsr->isEof==0
+           && pRoot->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR
+           && sqlite3Fts3EvalTestDeferred(pCsr, &rc)
       );
 
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pCsr->isEof==0 ){
-        fts3EvalUpdateCounts(pRoot);
+        fts3EvalUpdateCounts(pRoot, pTab->nColumn);
       }
     }
 
@@ -163030,7 +173561,7 @@ static int fts3EvalGatherStats(
       pRoot->bEof = bEof;
     }else{
       /* Caution: pRoot may iterate through docids in ascending or descending
-      ** order. For this reason, even though it seems more defensive, the 
+      ** order. For this reason, even though it seems more defensive, the
       ** do loop can not be written:
       **
       **   do {...} while( pRoot->iDocid<iDocid && rc==SQLITE_OK );
@@ -163038,7 +173569,8 @@ static int fts3EvalGatherStats(
       fts3EvalRestart(pCsr, pRoot, &rc);
       do {
         fts3EvalNextRow(pCsr, pRoot, &rc);
-        assert( pRoot->bEof==0 );
+        assert_fts3_nc( pRoot->bEof==0 );
+        if( pRoot->bEof ) rc = FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
       }while( pRoot->iDocid!=iDocid && rc==SQLITE_OK );
     }
   }
@@ -163046,10 +173578,10 @@ static int fts3EvalGatherStats(
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is used by the matchinfo() module to query a phrase 
+** This function is used by the matchinfo() module to query a phrase
 ** expression node for the following information:
 **
-**   1. The total number of occurrences of the phrase in each column of 
+**   1. The total number of occurrences of the phrase in each column of
 **      the FTS table (considering all rows), and
 **
 **   2. For each column, the number of rows in the table for which the
@@ -163063,12 +173595,12 @@ static int fts3EvalGatherStats(
 **
 ** Caveats:
 **
-**   * If a phrase consists entirely of deferred tokens, then all output 
+**   * If a phrase consists entirely of deferred tokens, then all output
 **     values are set to the number of documents in the table. In other
-**     words we assume that very common tokens occur exactly once in each 
+**     words we assume that very common tokens occur exactly once in each
 **     column of each row of the table.
 **
-**   * If a phrase contains some deferred tokens (and some non-deferred 
+**   * If a phrase contains some deferred tokens (and some non-deferred
 **     tokens), count the potential occurrence identified by considering
 **     the non-deferred tokens instead of actual phrase occurrences.
 **
@@ -163106,14 +173638,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3EvalPhraseStats(
 
 /*
 ** The expression pExpr passed as the second argument to this function
-** must be of type FTSQUERY_PHRASE. 
+** must be of type FTSQUERY_PHRASE.
 **
 ** The returned value is either NULL or a pointer to a buffer containing
 ** a position-list indicating the occurrences of the phrase in column iCol
-** of the current row. 
+** of the current row.
 **
-** More specifically, the returned buffer contains 1 varint for each 
-** occurrence of the phrase in the column, stored using the normal (delta+2) 
+** More specifically, the returned buffer contains 1 varint for each
+** occurrence of the phrase in the column, stored using the normal (delta+2)
 ** compression and is terminated by either an 0x01 or 0x00 byte. For example,
 ** if the requested column contains "a b X c d X X" and the position-list
 ** for 'X' is requested, the buffer returned may contain:
@@ -163135,7 +173667,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3EvalPhrasePoslist(
   int iThis;
   sqlite3_int64 iDocid;
 
-  /* If this phrase is applies specifically to some column other than 
+  /* If this phrase is applies specifically to some column other than
   ** column iCol, return a NULL pointer.  */
   *ppOut = 0;
   assert( iCol>=0 && iCol<pTab->nColumn );
@@ -163154,8 +173686,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3EvalPhrasePoslist(
     Fts3Expr *pNear;              /* Most senior NEAR ancestor (or pExpr) */
     int bMatch;
 
-    /* Check if this phrase descends from an OR expression node. If not, 
-    ** return NULL. Otherwise, the entry that corresponds to docid 
+    /* Check if this phrase descends from an OR expression node. If not,
+    ** return NULL. Otherwise, the entry that corresponds to docid
     ** pCsr->iPrevId may lie earlier in the doclist buffer. Or, if the
     ** tree that the node is part of has been marked as EOF, but the node
     ** itself is not EOF, then it may point to an earlier entry. */
@@ -163203,7 +173735,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3EvalPhrasePoslist(
           (pIter >= (pPh->doclist.aAll + pPh->doclist.nAll));
         while( (pIter==0 || DOCID_CMP(iDocid, pCsr->iPrevId)<0 ) && bEof==0 ){
           sqlite3Fts3DoclistNext(
-              bDescDoclist, pPh->doclist.aAll, pPh->doclist.nAll, 
+              bDescDoclist, pPh->doclist.aAll, pPh->doclist.nAll,
               &pIter, &iDocid, &bEof
           );
         }
@@ -163212,7 +173744,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3EvalPhrasePoslist(
         while( (pIter==0 || DOCID_CMP(iDocid, pCsr->iPrevId)>0 ) && bEof==0 ){
           int dummy;
           sqlite3Fts3DoclistPrev(
-              bDescDoclist, pPh->doclist.aAll, pPh->doclist.nAll, 
+              bDescDoclist, pPh->doclist.aAll, pPh->doclist.nAll,
               &pIter, &iDocid, &dummy, &bEof
               );
         }
@@ -163288,7 +173820,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Corrupt(){
 __declspec(dllexport)
 #endif
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_fts3_init(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
+  sqlite3 *db,
   char **pzErrMsg,
   const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
 ){
@@ -163369,7 +173901,7 @@ static int fts3auxConnectMethod(
   char const *zFts3;              /* Name of fts3 table */
   int nDb;                        /* Result of strlen(zDb) */
   int nFts3;                      /* Result of strlen(zFts3) */
-  int nByte;                      /* Bytes of space to allocate here */
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte;            /* Bytes of space to allocate here */
   int rc;                         /* value returned by declare_vtab() */
   Fts3auxTable *p;                /* Virtual table object to return */
 
@@ -163382,11 +173914,11 @@ static int fts3auxConnectMethod(
   */
   if( argc!=4 && argc!=5 ) goto bad_args;
 
-  zDb = argv[1]; 
+  zDb = argv[1];
   nDb = (int)strlen(zDb);
   if( argc==5 ){
     if( nDb==4 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp("temp", zDb, 4) ){
-      zDb = argv[3]; 
+      zDb = argv[3];
       nDb = (int)strlen(zDb);
       zFts3 = argv[4];
     }else{
@@ -163401,7 +173933,7 @@ static int fts3auxConnectMethod(
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
 
   nByte = sizeof(Fts3auxTable) + sizeof(Fts3Table) + nDb + nFts3 + 2;
-  p = (Fts3auxTable *)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+  p = (Fts3auxTable *)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
   if( !p ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   memset(p, 0, nByte);
 
@@ -163450,7 +173982,7 @@ static int fts3auxDisconnectMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
 ** xBestIndex - Analyze a WHERE and ORDER BY clause.
 */
 static int fts3auxBestIndexMethod(
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, 
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVTab,
   sqlite3_index_info *pInfo
 ){
   int i;
@@ -163463,14 +173995,14 @@ static int fts3auxBestIndexMethod(
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVTab);
 
   /* This vtab delivers always results in "ORDER BY term ASC" order. */
-  if( pInfo->nOrderBy==1 
-   && pInfo->aOrderBy[0].iColumn==0 
+  if( pInfo->nOrderBy==1
+   && pInfo->aOrderBy[0].iColumn==0
    && pInfo->aOrderBy[0].desc==0
   ){
     pInfo->orderByConsumed = 1;
   }
 
-  /* Search for equality and range constraints on the "term" column. 
+  /* Search for equality and range constraints on the "term" column.
   ** And equality constraints on the hidden "languageid" column. */
   for(i=0; i<pInfo->nConstraint; i++){
     if( pInfo->aConstraint[i].usable ){
@@ -163551,11 +174083,11 @@ static int fts3auxCloseMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
 static int fts3auxGrowStatArray(Fts3auxCursor *pCsr, int nSize){
   if( nSize>pCsr->nStat ){
     struct Fts3auxColstats *aNew;
-    aNew = (struct Fts3auxColstats *)sqlite3_realloc(pCsr->aStat, 
+    aNew = (struct Fts3auxColstats *)sqlite3_realloc64(pCsr->aStat,
         sizeof(struct Fts3auxColstats) * nSize
     );
     if( aNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    memset(&aNew[pCsr->nStat], 0, 
+    memset(&aNew[pCsr->nStat], 0,
         sizeof(struct Fts3auxColstats) * (nSize - pCsr->nStat)
     );
     pCsr->aStat = aNew;
@@ -163615,8 +174147,8 @@ static int fts3auxNextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
 
         /* State 1. In this state we are expecting either a 1, indicating
         ** that the following integer will be a column number, or the
-        ** start of a position list for column 0.  
-        ** 
+        ** start of a position list for column 0.
+        **
         ** The only difference between state 1 and state 2 is that if the
         ** integer encountered in state 1 is not 0 or 1, then we need to
         ** increment the column 0 "nDoc" count for this term.
@@ -163719,17 +174251,17 @@ static int fts3auxFilterMethod(
     assert( (iEq==0 && iGe==-1) || (iEq==-1 && iGe==0) );
     if( zStr ){
       pCsr->filter.zTerm = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zStr);
-      pCsr->filter.nTerm = sqlite3_value_bytes(apVal[0]);
       if( pCsr->filter.zTerm==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      pCsr->filter.nTerm = (int)strlen(pCsr->filter.zTerm);
     }
   }
 
   if( iLe>=0 ){
     pCsr->zStop = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_value_text(apVal[iLe]));
-    pCsr->nStop = sqlite3_value_bytes(apVal[iLe]);
     if( pCsr->zStop==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    pCsr->nStop = (int)strlen(pCsr->zStop);
   }
-  
+
   if( iLangid>=0 ){
     iLangVal = sqlite3_value_int(apVal[iLangid]);
 
@@ -163842,7 +174374,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitAux(sqlite3 *db){
      0,                           /* xRename       */
      0,                           /* xSavepoint    */
      0,                           /* xRelease      */
-     0                            /* xRollbackTo   */
+     0,                           /* xRollbackTo   */
+     0                            /* xShadowName   */
   };
   int rc;                         /* Return code */
 
@@ -163867,15 +174400,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitAux(sqlite3 *db){
 ******************************************************************************
 **
 ** This module contains code that implements a parser for fts3 query strings
-** (the right-hand argument to the MATCH operator). Because the supported 
+** (the right-hand argument to the MATCH operator). Because the supported
 ** syntax is relatively simple, the whole tokenizer/parser system is
-** hand-coded. 
+** hand-coded.
 */
 /* #include "fts3Int.h" */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
 
 /*
-** By default, this module parses the legacy syntax that has been 
+** By default, this module parses the legacy syntax that has been
 ** traditionally used by fts3. Or, if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS
 ** is defined, then it uses the new syntax. The differences between
 ** the new and the old syntaxes are:
@@ -163884,7 +174417,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitAux(sqlite3 *db){
 **
 **  b) The new syntax supports the AND and NOT operators. The old does not.
 **
-**  c) The old syntax supports the "-" token qualifier. This is not 
+**  c) The old syntax supports the "-" token qualifier. This is not
 **     supported by the new syntax (it is replaced by the NOT operator).
 **
 **  d) When using the old syntax, the OR operator has a greater precedence
@@ -163893,7 +174426,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitAux(sqlite3 *db){
 **
 ** If compiled with SQLITE_TEST defined, then this module exports the
 ** symbol "int sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses". Setting this variable
-** to zero causes the module to use the old syntax. If it is set to 
+** to zero causes the module to use the old syntax. If it is set to
 ** non-zero the new syntax is activated. This is so both syntaxes can
 ** be tested using a single build of testfixture.
 **
@@ -163922,7 +174455,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitAux(sqlite3 *db){
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses = 0;
 #else
-# ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS 
+# ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS
 #  define sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses 1
 # else
 #  define sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses 0
@@ -163940,7 +174473,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses = 0;
 /*
 ** isNot:
 **   This variable is used by function getNextNode(). When getNextNode() is
-**   called, it sets ParseContext.isNot to true if the 'next node' is a 
+**   called, it sets ParseContext.isNot to true if the 'next node' is a
 **   FTSQUERY_PHRASE with a unary "-" attached to it. i.e. "mysql" in the
 **   FTS3 query "sqlite -mysql". Otherwise, ParseContext.isNot is set to
 **   zero.
@@ -163959,7 +174492,7 @@ struct ParseContext {
 };
 
 /*
-** This function is equivalent to the standard isspace() function. 
+** This function is equivalent to the standard isspace() function.
 **
 ** The standard isspace() can be awkward to use safely, because although it
 ** is defined to accept an argument of type int, its behavior when passed
@@ -163975,11 +174508,11 @@ static int fts3isspace(char c){
 
 /*
 ** Allocate nByte bytes of memory using sqlite3_malloc(). If successful,
-** zero the memory before returning a pointer to it. If unsuccessful, 
+** zero the memory before returning a pointer to it. If unsuccessful,
 ** return NULL.
 */
-static void *fts3MallocZero(int nByte){
-  void *pRet = sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+static void *fts3MallocZero(sqlite3_int64 nByte){
+  void *pRet = sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
   if( pRet ) memset(pRet, 0, nByte);
   return pRet;
 }
@@ -164023,7 +174556,7 @@ static int fts3ExprParse(ParseContext *, const char *, int, Fts3Expr **, int *);
 ** structure of type FTSQUERY_PHRASE containing a phrase consisting of this
 ** single token and set *ppExpr to point to it. If the end of the buffer is
 ** reached before a token is found, set *ppExpr to zero. It is the
-** responsibility of the caller to eventually deallocate the allocated 
+** responsibility of the caller to eventually deallocate the allocated
 ** Fts3Expr structure (if any) by passing it to sqlite3_free().
 **
 ** Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or SQLITE_NOMEM if a memory allocation
@@ -164054,7 +174587,7 @@ static int getNextToken(
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     const char *zToken;
     int nToken = 0, iStart = 0, iEnd = 0, iPosition = 0;
-    int nByte;                               /* total space to allocate */
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte;                    /* total space to allocate */
 
     rc = pModule->xNext(pCursor, &zToken, &nToken, &iStart, &iEnd, &iPosition);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -164077,8 +174610,8 @@ static int getNextToken(
         }
 
         while( 1 ){
-          if( !sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses 
-           && iStart>0 && z[iStart-1]=='-' 
+          if( !sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses
+           && iStart>0 && z[iStart-1]=='-'
           ){
             pParse->isNot = 1;
             iStart--;
@@ -164098,7 +174631,7 @@ static int getNextToken(
 
     pModule->xClose(pCursor);
   }
-  
+
   *ppExpr = pRet;
   return rc;
 }
@@ -164108,8 +174641,8 @@ static int getNextToken(
 ** Enlarge a memory allocation.  If an out-of-memory allocation occurs,
 ** then free the old allocation.
 */
-static void *fts3ReallocOrFree(void *pOrig, int nNew){
-  void *pRet = sqlite3_realloc(pOrig, nNew);
+static void *fts3ReallocOrFree(void *pOrig, sqlite3_int64 nNew){
+  void *pRet = sqlite3_realloc64(pOrig, nNew);
   if( !pRet ){
     sqlite3_free(pOrig);
   }
@@ -164120,7 +174653,7 @@ static void *fts3ReallocOrFree(void *pOrig, int nNew){
 ** Buffer zInput, length nInput, contains the contents of a quoted string
 ** that appeared as part of an fts3 query expression. Neither quote character
 ** is included in the buffer. This function attempts to tokenize the entire
-** input buffer and create an Fts3Expr structure of type FTSQUERY_PHRASE 
+** input buffer and create an Fts3Expr structure of type FTSQUERY_PHRASE
 ** containing the results.
 **
 ** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned and *ppExpr set to point at the
@@ -164145,7 +174678,7 @@ static int getNextString(
   int nToken = 0;
 
   /* The final Fts3Expr data structure, including the Fts3Phrase,
-  ** Fts3PhraseToken structures token buffers are all stored as a single 
+  ** Fts3PhraseToken structures token buffers are all stored as a single
   ** allocation so that the expression can be freed with a single call to
   ** sqlite3_free(). Setting this up requires a two pass approach.
   **
@@ -164154,7 +174687,7 @@ static int getNextString(
   ** to assemble data in two dynamic buffers:
   **
   **   Buffer p: Points to the Fts3Expr structure, followed by the Fts3Phrase
-  **             structure, followed by the array of Fts3PhraseToken 
+  **             structure, followed by the array of Fts3PhraseToken
   **             structures. This pass only populates the Fts3PhraseToken array.
   **
   **   Buffer zTemp: Contains copies of all tokens.
@@ -164239,7 +174772,7 @@ no_mem:
 }
 
 /*
-** The output variable *ppExpr is populated with an allocated Fts3Expr 
+** The output variable *ppExpr is populated with an allocated Fts3Expr
 ** structure, or set to 0 if the end of the input buffer is reached.
 **
 ** Returns an SQLite error code. SQLITE_OK if everything works, SQLITE_NOMEM
@@ -164275,7 +174808,7 @@ static int getNextNode(
   pParse->isNot = 0;
 
   /* Skip over any whitespace before checking for a keyword, an open or
-  ** close bracket, or a quoted string. 
+  ** close bracket, or a quoted string.
   */
   while( nInput>0 && fts3isspace(*zInput) ){
     nInput--;
@@ -164302,19 +174835,16 @@ static int getNextNode(
       if( pKey->eType==FTSQUERY_NEAR ){
         assert( nKey==4 );
         if( zInput[4]=='/' && zInput[5]>='0' && zInput[5]<='9' ){
-          nNear = 0;
-          for(nKey=5; zInput[nKey]>='0' && zInput[nKey]<='9'; nKey++){
-            nNear = nNear * 10 + (zInput[nKey] - '0');
-          }
+          nKey += 1+sqlite3Fts3ReadInt(&zInput[nKey+1], &nNear);
         }
       }
 
       /* At this point this is probably a keyword. But for that to be true,
       ** the next byte must contain either whitespace, an open or close
-      ** parenthesis, a quote character, or EOF. 
+      ** parenthesis, a quote character, or EOF.
       */
       cNext = zInput[nKey];
-      if( fts3isspace(cNext) 
+      if( fts3isspace(cNext)
        || cNext=='"' || cNext=='(' || cNext==')' || cNext==0
       ){
         pRet = (Fts3Expr *)fts3MallocZero(sizeof(Fts3Expr));
@@ -164353,7 +174883,6 @@ static int getNextNode(
       int nConsumed = 0;
       pParse->nNest++;
       rc = fts3ExprParse(pParse, zInput+1, nInput-1, ppExpr, &nConsumed);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !*ppExpr ){ rc = SQLITE_DONE; }
       *pnConsumed = (int)(zInput - z) + 1 + nConsumed;
       return rc;
     }else if( *zInput==')' ){
@@ -164364,15 +174893,15 @@ static int getNextNode(
     }
   }
 
-  /* If control flows to this point, this must be a regular token, or 
+  /* If control flows to this point, this must be a regular token, or
   ** the end of the input. Read a regular token using the sqlite3_tokenizer
   ** interface. Before doing so, figure out if there is an explicit
-  ** column specifier for the token. 
+  ** column specifier for the token.
   **
   ** TODO: Strangely, it is not possible to associate a column specifier
   ** with a quoted phrase, only with a single token. Not sure if this was
   ** an implementation artifact or an intentional decision when fts3 was
-  ** first implemented. Whichever it was, this module duplicates the 
+  ** first implemented. Whichever it was, this module duplicates the
   ** limitation.
   */
   iCol = pParse->iDefaultCol;
@@ -164380,8 +174909,8 @@ static int getNextNode(
   for(ii=0; ii<pParse->nCol; ii++){
     const char *zStr = pParse->azCol[ii];
     int nStr = (int)strlen(zStr);
-    if( nInput>nStr && zInput[nStr]==':' 
-     && sqlite3_strnicmp(zStr, zInput, nStr)==0 
+    if( nInput>nStr && zInput[nStr]==':'
+     && sqlite3_strnicmp(zStr, zInput, nStr)==0
     ){
       iCol = ii;
       iColLen = (int)((zInput - z) + nStr + 1);
@@ -164426,7 +174955,7 @@ static int opPrecedence(Fts3Expr *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** Argument ppHead contains a pointer to the current head of a query 
+** Argument ppHead contains a pointer to the current head of a query
 ** expression tree being parsed. pPrev is the expression node most recently
 ** inserted into the tree. This function adds pNew, which is always a binary
 ** operator node, into the expression tree based on the relative precedence
@@ -164456,7 +174985,7 @@ static void insertBinaryOperator(
 
 /*
 ** Parse the fts3 query expression found in buffer z, length n. This function
-** returns either when the end of the buffer is reached or an unmatched 
+** returns either when the end of the buffer is reached or an unmatched
 ** closing bracket - ')' - is encountered.
 **
 ** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned, *ppExpr is set to point to the
@@ -164488,8 +175017,8 @@ static int fts3ExprParse(
       if( p ){
         int isPhrase;
 
-        if( !sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses 
-            && p->eType==FTSQUERY_PHRASE && pParse->isNot 
+        if( !sqlite3_fts3_enable_parentheses
+            && p->eType==FTSQUERY_PHRASE && pParse->isNot
         ){
           /* Create an implicit NOT operator. */
           Fts3Expr *pNot = fts3MallocZero(sizeof(Fts3Expr));
@@ -164610,13 +175139,13 @@ exprparse_out:
 }
 
 /*
-** Return SQLITE_ERROR if the maximum depth of the expression tree passed 
+** Return SQLITE_ERROR if the maximum depth of the expression tree passed
 ** as the only argument is more than nMaxDepth.
 */
 static int fts3ExprCheckDepth(Fts3Expr *p, int nMaxDepth){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   if( p ){
-    if( nMaxDepth<0 ){ 
+    if( nMaxDepth<0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_TOOBIG;
     }else{
       rc = fts3ExprCheckDepth(p->pLeft, nMaxDepth-1);
@@ -164631,12 +175160,12 @@ static int fts3ExprCheckDepth(Fts3Expr *p, int nMaxDepth){
 /*
 ** This function attempts to transform the expression tree at (*pp) to
 ** an equivalent but more balanced form. The tree is modified in place.
-** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned and (*pp) set to point to the 
-** new root expression node. 
+** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned and (*pp) set to point to the
+** new root expression node.
 **
 ** nMaxDepth is the maximum allowable depth of the balanced sub-tree.
 **
-** Otherwise, if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and 
+** Otherwise, if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and
 ** expression (*pp) freed.
 */
 static int fts3ExprBalance(Fts3Expr **pp, int nMaxDepth){
@@ -164652,7 +175181,7 @@ static int fts3ExprBalance(Fts3Expr **pp, int nMaxDepth){
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     if( (eType==FTSQUERY_AND || eType==FTSQUERY_OR) ){
       Fts3Expr **apLeaf;
-      apLeaf = (Fts3Expr **)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Fts3Expr *) * nMaxDepth);
+      apLeaf = (Fts3Expr **)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(Fts3Expr *) * nMaxDepth);
       if( 0==apLeaf ){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }else{
@@ -164751,7 +175280,7 @@ static int fts3ExprBalance(Fts3Expr **pp, int nMaxDepth){
           }
           pRoot = p;
         }else{
-          /* An error occurred. Delete the contents of the apLeaf[] array 
+          /* An error occurred. Delete the contents of the apLeaf[] array
           ** and pFree list. Everything else is cleaned up by the call to
           ** sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(pRoot) below.  */
           Fts3Expr *pDel;
@@ -164793,7 +175322,7 @@ static int fts3ExprBalance(Fts3Expr **pp, int nMaxDepth){
       }
     }
   }
-  
+
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
     sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(pRoot);
     pRoot = 0;
@@ -164807,9 +175336,9 @@ static int fts3ExprBalance(Fts3Expr **pp, int nMaxDepth){
 ** differences:
 **
 **   1. It does not do expression rebalancing.
-**   2. It does not check that the expression does not exceed the 
+**   2. It does not check that the expression does not exceed the
 **      maximum allowable depth.
-**   3. Even if it fails, *ppExpr may still be set to point to an 
+**   3. Even if it fails, *ppExpr may still be set to point to an
 **      expression tree. It should be deleted using sqlite3Fts3ExprFree()
 **      in this case.
 */
@@ -164848,7 +175377,7 @@ static int fts3ExprParseUnbalanced(
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && sParse.nNest ){
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
-  
+
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -164867,7 +175396,7 @@ static int fts3ExprParseUnbalanced(
 ** The first parameter, pTokenizer, is passed the fts3 tokenizer module to
 ** use to normalize query tokens while parsing the expression. The azCol[]
 ** array, which is assumed to contain nCol entries, should contain the names
-** of each column in the target fts3 table, in order from left to right. 
+** of each column in the target fts3 table, in order from left to right.
 ** Column names must be nul-terminated strings.
 **
 ** The iDefaultCol parameter should be passed the index of the table column
@@ -164890,7 +175419,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ExprParse(
   int rc = fts3ExprParseUnbalanced(
       pTokenizer, iLangid, azCol, bFts4, nCol, iDefaultCol, z, n, ppExpr
   );
-  
+
   /* Rebalance the expression. And check that its depth does not exceed
   ** SQLITE_FTS3_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH.  */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && *ppExpr ){
@@ -164905,7 +175434,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ExprParse(
     *ppExpr = 0;
     if( rc==SQLITE_TOOBIG ){
       sqlite3Fts3ErrMsg(pzErr,
-          "FTS expression tree is too large (maximum depth %d)", 
+          "FTS expression tree is too large (maximum depth %d)",
           SQLITE_FTS3_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH
       );
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
@@ -164967,11 +175496,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(Fts3Expr *pDel){
 /*
 ** Return a pointer to a buffer containing a text representation of the
 ** expression passed as the first argument. The buffer is obtained from
-** sqlite3_malloc(). It is the responsibility of the caller to use 
+** sqlite3_malloc(). It is the responsibility of the caller to use
 ** sqlite3_free() to release the memory. If an OOM condition is encountered,
 ** NULL is returned.
 **
-** If the second argument is not NULL, then its contents are prepended to 
+** If the second argument is not NULL, then its contents are prepended to
 ** the returned expression text and then freed using sqlite3_free().
 */
 static char *exprToString(Fts3Expr *pExpr, char *zBuf){
@@ -164985,7 +175514,7 @@ static char *exprToString(Fts3Expr *pExpr, char *zBuf){
       zBuf = sqlite3_mprintf(
           "%zPHRASE %d 0", zBuf, pPhrase->iColumn);
       for(i=0; zBuf && i<pPhrase->nToken; i++){
-        zBuf = sqlite3_mprintf("%z %.*s%s", zBuf, 
+        zBuf = sqlite3_mprintf("%z %.*s%s", zBuf,
             pPhrase->aToken[i].n, pPhrase->aToken[i].z,
             (pPhrase->aToken[i].isPrefix?"+":"")
         );
@@ -165018,7 +175547,7 @@ static char *exprToString(Fts3Expr *pExpr, char *zBuf){
 }
 
 /*
-** This is the implementation of a scalar SQL function used to test the 
+** This is the implementation of a scalar SQL function used to test the
 ** expression parser. It should be called as follows:
 **
 **   fts3_exprtest(<tokenizer>, <expr>, <column 1>, ...);
@@ -165051,7 +175580,7 @@ static void fts3ExprTestCommon(
   char *zErr = 0;
 
   if( argc<3 ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(context, 
+    sqlite3_result_error(context,
         "Usage: fts3_exprtest(tokenizer, expr, col1, ...", -1
     );
     return;
@@ -165072,7 +175601,7 @@ static void fts3ExprTestCommon(
   zExpr = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
   nExpr = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]);
   nCol = argc-2;
-  azCol = (char **)sqlite3_malloc(nCol*sizeof(char *));
+  azCol = (char **)sqlite3_malloc64(nCol*sizeof(char *));
   if( !azCol ){
     sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
     goto exprtest_out;
@@ -165129,15 +175658,15 @@ static void fts3ExprTestRebalance(
 }
 
 /*
-** Register the query expression parser test function fts3_exprtest() 
-** with database connection db. 
+** Register the query expression parser test function fts3_exprtest()
+** with database connection db.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ExprInitTestInterface(sqlite3 *db, Fts3Hash *pHash){
   int rc = sqlite3_create_function(
       db, "fts3_exprtest", -1, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)pHash, fts3ExprTest, 0, 0
   );
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "fts3_exprtest_rebalance", 
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "fts3_exprtest_rebalance",
         -1, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)pHash, fts3ExprTestRebalance, 0, 0
     );
   }
@@ -165186,8 +175715,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ExprInitTestInterface(sqlite3 *db, Fts3Hash *pHash
 /*
 ** Malloc and Free functions
 */
-static void *fts3HashMalloc(int n){
-  void *p = sqlite3_malloc(n);
+static void *fts3HashMalloc(sqlite3_int64 n){
+  void *p = sqlite3_malloc64(n);
   if( p ){
     memset(p, 0, n);
   }
@@ -165201,8 +175730,8 @@ static void fts3HashFree(void *p){
 ** fields of the Hash structure.
 **
 ** "pNew" is a pointer to the hash table that is to be initialized.
-** keyClass is one of the constants 
-** FTS3_HASH_BINARY or FTS3_HASH_STRING.  The value of keyClass 
+** keyClass is one of the constants
+** FTS3_HASH_BINARY or FTS3_HASH_STRING.  The value of keyClass
 ** determines what kind of key the hash table will use.  "copyKey" is
 ** true if the hash table should make its own private copy of keys and
 ** false if it should just use the supplied pointer.
@@ -165279,7 +175808,7 @@ static int fts3BinCompare(const void *pKey1, int n1, const void *pKey2, int n2){
 /*
 ** Return a pointer to the appropriate hash function given the key class.
 **
-** The C syntax in this function definition may be unfamilar to some 
+** The C syntax in this function definition may be unfamilar to some
 ** programmers, so we provide the following additional explanation:
 **
 ** The name of the function is "ftsHashFunction".  The function takes a
@@ -165339,7 +175868,7 @@ static void fts3HashInsertElement(
 
 
 /* Resize the hash table so that it cantains "new_size" buckets.
-** "new_size" must be a power of 2.  The hash table might fail 
+** "new_size" must be a power of 2.  The hash table might fail
 ** to resize if sqliteMalloc() fails.
 **
 ** Return non-zero if a memory allocation error occurs.
@@ -165384,7 +175913,7 @@ static Fts3HashElem *fts3FindElementByHash(
     count = pEntry->count;
     xCompare = ftsCompareFunction(pH->keyClass);
     while( count-- && elem ){
-      if( (*xCompare)(elem->pKey,elem->nKey,pKey,nKey)==0 ){ 
+      if( (*xCompare)(elem->pKey,elem->nKey,pKey,nKey)==0 ){
         return elem;
       }
       elem = elem->next;
@@ -165403,7 +175932,7 @@ static void fts3RemoveElementByHash(
 ){
   struct _fts3ht *pEntry;
   if( elem->prev ){
-    elem->prev->next = elem->next; 
+    elem->prev->next = elem->next;
   }else{
     pH->first = elem->next;
   }
@@ -165431,8 +175960,8 @@ static void fts3RemoveElementByHash(
 }
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Fts3HashElem *sqlite3Fts3HashFindElem(
-  const Fts3Hash *pH, 
-  const void *pKey, 
+  const Fts3Hash *pH,
+  const void *pKey,
   int nKey
 ){
   int h;                          /* A hash on key */
@@ -165446,7 +175975,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Fts3HashElem *sqlite3Fts3HashFindElem(
   return fts3FindElementByHash(pH,pKey,nKey, h & (pH->htsize-1));
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Attempt to locate an element of the hash table pH with a key
 ** that matches pKey,nKey.  Return the data for this element if it is
 ** found, or NULL if there is no match.
@@ -165620,7 +176149,7 @@ static int porterDestroy(sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer){
 /*
 ** Prepare to begin tokenizing a particular string.  The input
 ** string to be tokenized is zInput[0..nInput-1].  A cursor
-** used to incrementally tokenize this string is returned in 
+** used to incrementally tokenize this string is returned in
 ** *ppCursor.
 */
 static int porterOpen(
@@ -165673,7 +176202,7 @@ static const char cType[] = {
 /*
 ** isConsonant() and isVowel() determine if their first character in
 ** the string they point to is a consonant or a vowel, according
-** to Porter ruls.  
+** to Porter ruls.
 **
 ** A consonate is any letter other than 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', or 'u'.
 ** 'Y' is a consonant unless it follows another consonant,
@@ -165793,11 +176322,11 @@ static int star_oh(const char *z){
 
 /*
 ** If the word ends with zFrom and xCond() is true for the stem
-** of the word that preceeds the zFrom ending, then change the 
+** of the word that preceeds the zFrom ending, then change the
 ** ending to zTo.
 **
 ** The input word *pz and zFrom are both in reverse order.  zTo
-** is in normal order. 
+** is in normal order.
 **
 ** Return TRUE if zFrom matches.  Return FALSE if zFrom does not
 ** match.  Not that TRUE is returned even if xCond() fails and
@@ -165866,9 +176395,9 @@ static void copy_stemmer(const char *zIn, int nIn, char *zOut, int *pnOut){
 ** word contains digits, 3 bytes are taken from the beginning and
 ** 3 bytes from the end.  For long words without digits, 10 bytes
 ** are taken from each end.  US-ASCII case folding still applies.
-** 
-** If the input word contains not digits but does characters not 
-** in [a-zA-Z] then no stemming is attempted and this routine just 
+**
+** If the input word contains not digits but does characters not
+** in [a-zA-Z] then no stemming is attempted and this routine just
 ** copies the input into the input into the output with US-ASCII
 ** case folding.
 **
@@ -165913,11 +176442,11 @@ static void porter_stemmer(const char *zIn, int nIn, char *zOut, int *pnOut){
     }
   }
 
-  /* Step 1b */  
+  /* Step 1b */
   z2 = z;
   if( stem(&z, "dee", "ee", m_gt_0) ){
     /* Do nothing.  The work was all in the test */
-  }else if( 
+  }else if(
      (stem(&z, "gni", "", hasVowel) || stem(&z, "de", "", hasVowel))
       && z!=z2
   ){
@@ -165956,7 +176485,7 @@ static void porter_stemmer(const char *zIn, int nIn, char *zOut, int *pnOut){
      stem(&z, "igol", "log", m_gt_0);
      break;
    case 'l':
-     if( !stem(&z, "ilb", "ble", m_gt_0) 
+     if( !stem(&z, "ilb", "ble", m_gt_0)
       && !stem(&z, "illa", "al", m_gt_0)
       && !stem(&z, "iltne", "ent", m_gt_0)
       && !stem(&z, "ile", "e", m_gt_0)
@@ -166244,7 +176773,7 @@ static int fts3TokenizerEnabled(sqlite3_context *context){
 }
 
 /*
-** Implementation of the SQL scalar function for accessing the underlying 
+** Implementation of the SQL scalar function for accessing the underlying
 ** hash table. This function may be called as follows:
 **
 **   SELECT <function-name>(<key-name>);
@@ -166281,7 +176810,7 @@ static void fts3TokenizerFunc(
   nName = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0])+1;
 
   if( argc==2 ){
-    if( fts3TokenizerEnabled(context) ){
+    if( fts3TokenizerEnabled(context) || sqlite3_value_frombind(argv[1]) ){
       void *pOld;
       int n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]);
       if( zName==0 || n!=sizeof(pPtr) ){
@@ -166308,7 +176837,9 @@ static void fts3TokenizerFunc(
       return;
     }
   }
-  sqlite3_result_blob(context, (void *)&pPtr, sizeof(pPtr), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  if( fts3TokenizerEnabled(context) || sqlite3_value_frombind(argv[0]) ){
+    sqlite3_result_blob(context, (void *)&pPtr, sizeof(pPtr), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  }
 }
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3IsIdChar(char c){
@@ -166396,8 +176927,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitTokenizer(
     int iArg = 0;
     z = &z[n+1];
     while( z<zEnd && (NULL!=(z = (char *)sqlite3Fts3NextToken(z, &n))) ){
-      int nNew = sizeof(char *)*(iArg+1);
-      char const **aNew = (const char **)sqlite3_realloc((void *)aArg, nNew);
+      sqlite3_int64 nNew = sizeof(char *)*(iArg+1);
+      char const **aNew = (const char **)sqlite3_realloc64((void *)aArg, nNew);
       if( !aNew ){
         sqlite3_free(zCopy);
         sqlite3_free((void *)aArg);
@@ -166414,7 +176945,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitTokenizer(
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       sqlite3Fts3ErrMsg(pzErr, "unknown tokenizer");
     }else{
-      (*ppTok)->pModule = m; 
+      (*ppTok)->pModule = m;
     }
     sqlite3_free((void *)aArg);
   }
@@ -166434,7 +176965,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitTokenizer(
 /* #include <string.h> */
 
 /*
-** Implementation of a special SQL scalar function for testing tokenizers 
+** Implementation of a special SQL scalar function for testing tokenizers
 ** designed to be used in concert with the Tcl testing framework. This
 ** function must be called with two or more arguments:
 **
@@ -166446,9 +176977,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitTokenizer(
 **
 ** The return value is a string that may be interpreted as a Tcl
 ** list. For each token in the <input-string>, three elements are
-** added to the returned list. The first is the token position, the 
+** added to the returned list. The first is the token position, the
 ** second is the token text (folded, stemmed, etc.) and the third is the
-** substring of <input-string> associated with the token. For example, 
+** substring of <input-string> associated with the token. For example,
 ** using the built-in "simple" tokenizer:
 **
 **   SELECT fts_tokenizer_test('simple', 'I don't see how');
@@ -166456,7 +176987,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitTokenizer(
 ** will return the string:
 **
 **   "{0 i I 1 dont don't 2 see see 3 how how}"
-**   
+**
 */
 static void testFunc(
   sqlite3_context *context,
@@ -166551,8 +177082,8 @@ finish:
 
 static
 int registerTokenizer(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  char *zName, 
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  char *zName,
   const sqlite3_tokenizer_module *p
 ){
   int rc;
@@ -166574,8 +177105,8 @@ int registerTokenizer(
 
 static
 int queryTokenizer(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  char *zName,  
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  char *zName,
   const sqlite3_tokenizer_module **pp
 ){
   int rc;
@@ -166590,7 +177121,9 @@ int queryTokenizer(
 
   sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, 1, zName, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
   if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
-    if( sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, 0)==SQLITE_BLOB ){
+    if( sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, 0)==SQLITE_BLOB
+     && sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 0)==sizeof(*pp)
+    ){
       memcpy((void *)pp, sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, 0), sizeof(*pp));
     }
   }
@@ -166658,28 +177191,28 @@ static void intTestFunc(
 /*
 ** Set up SQL objects in database db used to access the contents of
 ** the hash table pointed to by argument pHash. The hash table must
-** been initialized to use string keys, and to take a private copy 
+** been initialized to use string keys, and to take a private copy
 ** of the key when a value is inserted. i.e. by a call similar to:
 **
 **    sqlite3Fts3HashInit(pHash, FTS3_HASH_STRING, 1);
 **
 ** This function adds a scalar function (see header comment above
 ** fts3TokenizerFunc() in this file for details) and, if ENABLE_TABLE is
-** defined at compilation time, a temporary virtual table (see header 
-** comment above struct HashTableVtab) to the database schema. Both 
+** defined at compilation time, a temporary virtual table (see header
+** comment above struct HashTableVtab) to the database schema. Both
 ** provide read/write access to the contents of *pHash.
 **
 ** The third argument to this function, zName, is used as the name
 ** of both the scalar and, if created, the virtual table.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitHashTable(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  Fts3Hash *pHash, 
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  Fts3Hash *pHash,
   const char *zName
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   void *p = (void *)pHash;
-  const int any = SQLITE_ANY;
+  const int any = SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY;
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
   char *zTest = 0;
@@ -166828,7 +177361,7 @@ static int simpleDestroy(sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer){
 /*
 ** Prepare to begin tokenizing a particular string.  The input
 ** string to be tokenized is pInput[0..nBytes-1].  A cursor
-** used to incrementally tokenize this string is returned in 
+** used to incrementally tokenize this string is returned in
 ** *ppCursor.
 */
 static int simpleOpen(
@@ -166983,8 +177516,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3SimpleTokenizerModule(
 **
 **   input = <string>
 **
-** The virtual table module tokenizes this <string>, using the FTS3 
-** tokenizer specified by the arguments to the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE 
+** The virtual table module tokenizes this <string>, using the FTS3
+** tokenizer specified by the arguments to the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE
 ** statement and returns one row for each token in the result. With
 ** fields set as follows:
 **
@@ -167053,7 +177586,7 @@ static int fts3tokQueryTokenizer(
 
 /*
 ** The second argument, argv[], is an array of pointers to nul-terminated
-** strings. This function makes a copy of the array and strings into a 
+** strings. This function makes a copy of the array and strings into a
 ** single block of memory. It then dequotes any of the strings that appear
 ** to be quoted.
 **
@@ -167080,7 +177613,7 @@ static int fts3tokDequoteArray(
       nByte += (int)(strlen(argv[i]) + 1);
     }
 
-    *pazDequote = azDequote = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(char *)*argc + nByte);
+    *pazDequote = azDequote = sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(char *)*argc + nByte);
     if( azDequote==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
@@ -167109,7 +177642,7 @@ static int fts3tokDequoteArray(
 ** and xCreate are identical operations.
 **
 **   argv[0]: module name
-**   argv[1]: database name 
+**   argv[1]: database name
 **   argv[2]: table name
 **   argv[3]: first argument (tokenizer name)
 */
@@ -167146,7 +177679,8 @@ static int fts3tokConnectMethod(
 
   assert( (rc==SQLITE_OK)==(pMod!=0) );
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    const char * const *azArg = (const char * const *)&azDequote[1];
+    const char * const *azArg = 0;
+    if( nDequote>1 ) azArg = (const char * const *)&azDequote[1];
     rc = pMod->xCreate((nDequote>1 ? nDequote-1 : 0), azArg, &pTok);
   }
 
@@ -167189,16 +177723,16 @@ static int fts3tokDisconnectMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
 ** xBestIndex - Analyze a WHERE and ORDER BY clause.
 */
 static int fts3tokBestIndexMethod(
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, 
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVTab,
   sqlite3_index_info *pInfo
 ){
   int i;
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVTab);
 
   for(i=0; i<pInfo->nConstraint; i++){
-    if( pInfo->aConstraint[i].usable 
-     && pInfo->aConstraint[i].iColumn==0 
-     && pInfo->aConstraint[i].op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ 
+    if( pInfo->aConstraint[i].usable
+     && pInfo->aConstraint[i].iColumn==0
+     && pInfo->aConstraint[i].op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ
     ){
       pInfo->idxNum = 1;
       pInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = 1;
@@ -167304,11 +177838,11 @@ static int fts3tokFilterMethod(
   if( idxNum==1 ){
     const char *zByte = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]);
     int nByte = sqlite3_value_bytes(apVal[0]);
-    pCsr->zInput = sqlite3_malloc(nByte+1);
+    pCsr->zInput = sqlite3_malloc64(nByte+1);
     if( pCsr->zInput==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
-      memcpy(pCsr->zInput, zByte, nByte);
+      if( nByte>0 ) memcpy(pCsr->zInput, zByte, nByte);
       pCsr->zInput[nByte] = 0;
       rc = pTab->pMod->xOpen(pTab->pTok, pCsr->zInput, nByte, &pCsr->pCsr);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -167401,7 +177935,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitTok(sqlite3 *db, Fts3Hash *pHash){
      0,                           /* xRename       */
      0,                           /* xSavepoint    */
      0,                           /* xRelease      */
-     0                            /* xRollbackTo   */
+     0,                           /* xRollbackTo   */
+     0                            /* xShadowName   */
   };
   int rc;                         /* Return code */
 
@@ -167428,7 +177963,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitTok(sqlite3 *db, Fts3Hash *pHash){
 ** This file is part of the SQLite FTS3 extension module. Specifically,
 ** this file contains code to insert, update and delete rows from FTS3
 ** tables. It also contains code to merge FTS3 b-tree segments. Some
-** of the sub-routines used to merge segments are also used by the query 
+** of the sub-routines used to merge segments are also used by the query
 ** code in fts3.c.
 */
 
@@ -167438,13 +177973,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitTok(sqlite3 *db, Fts3Hash *pHash){
 /* #include <string.h> */
 /* #include <assert.h> */
 /* #include <stdlib.h> */
-
+/* #include <stdio.h> */
 
 #define FTS_MAX_APPENDABLE_HEIGHT 16
 
 /*
 ** When full-text index nodes are loaded from disk, the buffer that they
-** are loaded into has the following number of bytes of padding at the end 
+** are loaded into has the following number of bytes of padding at the end
 ** of it. i.e. if a full-text index node is 900 bytes in size, then a buffer
 ** of 920 bytes is allocated for it.
 **
@@ -167461,10 +177996,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitTok(sqlite3 *db, Fts3Hash *pHash){
 ** method before retrieving all query results (as may happen, for example,
 ** if a query has a LIMIT clause).
 **
-** Incremental loading is used for b-tree nodes FTS3_NODE_CHUNK_THRESHOLD 
+** Incremental loading is used for b-tree nodes FTS3_NODE_CHUNK_THRESHOLD
 ** bytes and larger. Nodes are loaded in chunks of FTS3_NODE_CHUNKSIZE bytes.
-** The code is written so that the hard lower-limit for each of these values 
-** is 1. Clearly such small values would be inefficient, but can be useful 
+** The code is written so that the hard lower-limit for each of these values
+** is 1. Clearly such small values would be inefficient, but can be useful
 ** for testing purposes.
 **
 ** If this module is built with SQLITE_TEST defined, these constants may
@@ -167477,12 +178012,12 @@ int test_fts3_node_chunk_threshold = (4*1024)*4;
 # define FTS3_NODE_CHUNKSIZE       test_fts3_node_chunksize
 # define FTS3_NODE_CHUNK_THRESHOLD test_fts3_node_chunk_threshold
 #else
-# define FTS3_NODE_CHUNKSIZE (4*1024) 
+# define FTS3_NODE_CHUNKSIZE (4*1024)
 # define FTS3_NODE_CHUNK_THRESHOLD (FTS3_NODE_CHUNKSIZE*4)
 #endif
 
 /*
-** The two values that may be meaningfully bound to the :1 parameter in
+** The values that may be meaningfully bound to the :1 parameter in
 ** statements SQL_REPLACE_STAT and SQL_SELECT_STAT.
 */
 #define FTS_STAT_DOCTOTAL      0
@@ -167491,7 +178026,7 @@ int test_fts3_node_chunk_threshold = (4*1024)*4;
 
 /*
 ** If FTS_LOG_MERGES is defined, call sqlite3_log() to report each automatic
-** and incremental merge operation that takes place. This is used for 
+** and incremental merge operation that takes place. This is used for
 ** debugging FTS only, it should not usually be turned on in production
 ** systems.
 */
@@ -167577,7 +178112,7 @@ struct Fts3SegReader {
   char *aDoclist;                 /* Pointer to doclist of current entry */
   int nDoclist;                   /* Size of doclist in current entry */
 
-  /* The following variables are used by fts3SegReaderNextDocid() to iterate 
+  /* The following variables are used by fts3SegReaderNextDocid() to iterate
   ** through the current doclist (aDoclist/nDoclist).
   */
   char *pOffsetList;
@@ -167622,11 +178157,11 @@ struct SegmentWriter {
 **   fts3NodeFree()
 **
 ** When a b+tree is written to the database (either as a result of a merge
-** or the pending-terms table being flushed), leaves are written into the 
+** or the pending-terms table being flushed), leaves are written into the
 ** database file as soon as they are completely populated. The interior of
 ** the tree is assembled in memory and written out only once all leaves have
 ** been populated and stored. This is Ok, as the b+-tree fanout is usually
-** very large, meaning that the interior of the tree consumes relatively 
+** very large, meaning that the interior of the tree consumes relatively
 ** little memory.
 */
 struct SegmentNode {
@@ -167647,7 +178182,7 @@ struct SegmentNode {
 */
 #define SQL_DELETE_CONTENT             0
 #define SQL_IS_EMPTY                   1
-#define SQL_DELETE_ALL_CONTENT         2 
+#define SQL_DELETE_ALL_CONTENT         2
 #define SQL_DELETE_ALL_SEGMENTS        3
 #define SQL_DELETE_ALL_SEGDIR          4
 #define SQL_DELETE_ALL_DOCSIZE         5
@@ -167695,7 +178230,7 @@ struct SegmentNode {
 ** Otherwise, an SQLite error code is returned and *pp is set to 0.
 **
 ** If argument apVal is not NULL, then it must point to an array with
-** at least as many entries as the requested statement has bound 
+** at least as many entries as the requested statement has bound
 ** parameters. The values are bound to the statements parameters before
 ** returning.
 */
@@ -167719,7 +178254,7 @@ static int fts3SqlStmt(
 /* 10 */  "SELECT coalesce((SELECT max(blockid) FROM %Q.'%q_segments') + 1, 1)",
 /* 11 */  "REPLACE INTO %Q.'%q_segdir' VALUES(?,?,?,?,?,?)",
 
-          /* Return segments in order from oldest to newest.*/ 
+          /* Return segments in order from oldest to newest.*/
 /* 12 */  "SELECT idx, start_block, leaves_end_block, end_block, root "
             "FROM %Q.'%q_segdir' WHERE level = ? ORDER BY idx ASC",
 /* 13 */  "SELECT idx, start_block, leaves_end_block, end_block, root "
@@ -167750,13 +178285,15 @@ static int fts3SqlStmt(
 ** returns zero rows.  */
 /* 28 */ "SELECT level, count(*) AS cnt FROM %Q.'%q_segdir' "
          "  GROUP BY level HAVING cnt>=?"
-         "  ORDER BY (level %% 1024) ASC LIMIT 1",
+         "  ORDER BY (level %% 1024) ASC, 2 DESC LIMIT 1",
 
 /* Estimate the upper limit on the number of leaf nodes in a new segment
-** created by merging the oldest :2 segments from absolute level :1. See 
+** created by merging the oldest :2 segments from absolute level :1. See
 ** function sqlite3Fts3Incrmerge() for details.  */
 /* 29 */ "SELECT 2 * total(1 + leaves_end_block - start_block) "
-         "  FROM %Q.'%q_segdir' WHERE level = ? AND idx < ?",
+         "  FROM (SELECT * FROM %Q.'%q_segdir' "
+         "        WHERE level = ? ORDER BY idx ASC LIMIT ?"
+         "  )",
 
 /* SQL_DELETE_SEGDIR_ENTRY
 **   Delete the %_segdir entry on absolute level :1 with index :2.  */
@@ -167768,7 +178305,7 @@ static int fts3SqlStmt(
 /* 31 */ "UPDATE %Q.'%q_segdir' SET idx = ? WHERE level=? AND idx=?",
 
 /* SQL_SELECT_SEGDIR
-**   Read a single entry from the %_segdir table. The entry from absolute 
+**   Read a single entry from the %_segdir table. The entry from absolute
 **   level :1 with index value :2.  */
 /* 32 */  "SELECT idx, start_block, leaves_end_block, end_block, root "
             "FROM %Q.'%q_segdir' WHERE level = ? AND idx = ?",
@@ -167792,7 +178329,7 @@ static int fts3SqlStmt(
 **   Return the largest relative level in the FTS index or indexes.  */
 /* 36 */  "SELECT max( level %% 1024 ) FROM %Q.'%q_segdir'",
 
-          /* Return segments in order from oldest to newest.*/ 
+          /* Return segments in order from oldest to newest.*/
 /* 37 */  "SELECT level, idx, end_block "
             "FROM %Q.'%q_segdir' WHERE level BETWEEN ? AND ? "
             "ORDER BY level DESC, idx ASC",
@@ -167808,13 +178345,15 @@ static int fts3SqlStmt(
 
   assert( SizeofArray(azSql)==SizeofArray(p->aStmt) );
   assert( eStmt<SizeofArray(azSql) && eStmt>=0 );
-  
+
   pStmt = p->aStmt[eStmt];
   if( !pStmt ){
+    int f = SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB;
     char *zSql;
     if( eStmt==SQL_CONTENT_INSERT ){
       zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azSql[eStmt], p->zDb, p->zName, p->zWriteExprlist);
     }else if( eStmt==SQL_SELECT_CONTENT_BY_ROWID ){
+      f &= ~SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB;
       zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azSql[eStmt], p->zReadExprlist);
     }else{
       zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azSql[eStmt], p->zDb, p->zName);
@@ -167822,8 +178361,7 @@ static int fts3SqlStmt(
     if( !zSql ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->db, zSql, -1, SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,
-                              &pStmt, NULL);
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->db, zSql, -1, f, &pStmt, NULL);
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
       assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pStmt==0 );
       p->aStmt[eStmt] = pStmt;
@@ -167912,7 +178450,7 @@ static void fts3SqlExec(
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
   int rc;
   if( *pRC ) return;
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, eStmt, &pStmt, apVal); 
+  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, eStmt, &pStmt, apVal);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     sqlite3_step(pStmt);
     rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
@@ -167922,22 +178460,22 @@ static void fts3SqlExec(
 
 
 /*
-** This function ensures that the caller has obtained an exclusive 
-** shared-cache table-lock on the %_segdir table. This is required before 
+** This function ensures that the caller has obtained an exclusive
+** shared-cache table-lock on the %_segdir table. This is required before
 ** writing data to the fts3 table. If this lock is not acquired first, then
 ** the caller may end up attempting to take this lock as part of committing
-** a transaction, causing SQLite to return SQLITE_LOCKED or 
+** a transaction, causing SQLite to return SQLITE_LOCKED or
 ** LOCKED_SHAREDCACHEto a COMMIT command.
 **
-** It is best to avoid this because if FTS3 returns any error when 
-** committing a transaction, the whole transaction will be rolled back. 
-** And this is not what users expect when they get SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. 
-** It can still happen if the user locks the underlying tables directly 
+** It is best to avoid this because if FTS3 returns any error when
+** committing a transaction, the whole transaction will be rolled back.
+** And this is not what users expect when they get SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE.
+** It can still happen if the user locks the underlying tables directly
 ** instead of accessing them via FTS.
 */
 static int fts3Writelock(Fts3Table *p){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  
+
   if( p->nPendingData==0 ){
     sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
     rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_DELETE_SEGDIR_LEVEL, &pStmt, 0);
@@ -167954,7 +178492,7 @@ static int fts3Writelock(Fts3Table *p){
 /*
 ** FTS maintains a separate indexes for each language-id (a 32-bit integer).
 ** Within each language id, a separate index is maintained to store the
-** document terms, and each configured prefix size (configured the FTS 
+** document terms, and each configured prefix size (configured the FTS
 ** "prefix=" option). And each index consists of multiple levels ("relative
 ** levels").
 **
@@ -167964,14 +178502,14 @@ static int fts3Writelock(Fts3Table *p){
 ** separate component values into the single 64-bit integer value that
 ** can be used to query the %_segdir table.
 **
-** Specifically, each language-id/index combination is allocated 1024 
+** Specifically, each language-id/index combination is allocated 1024
 ** 64-bit integer level values ("absolute levels"). The main terms index
 ** for language-id 0 is allocate values 0-1023. The first prefix index
 ** (if any) for language-id 0 is allocated values 1024-2047. And so on.
 ** Language 1 indexes are allocated immediately following language 0.
 **
 ** So, for a system with nPrefix prefix indexes configured, the block of
-** absolute levels that corresponds to language-id iLangid and index 
+** absolute levels that corresponds to language-id iLangid and index
 ** iIndex starts at absolute level ((iLangid * (nPrefix+1) + iIndex) * 1024).
 */
 static sqlite3_int64 getAbsoluteLevel(
@@ -167981,7 +178519,7 @@ static sqlite3_int64 getAbsoluteLevel(
   int iLevel                      /* Level of segments */
 ){
   sqlite3_int64 iBase;            /* First absolute level for iLangid/iIndex */
-  assert( iLangid>=0 );
+  assert_fts3_nc( iLangid>=0 );
   assert( p->nIndex>0 );
   assert( iIndex>=0 && iIndex<p->nIndex );
 
@@ -167992,7 +178530,7 @@ static sqlite3_int64 getAbsoluteLevel(
 /*
 ** Set *ppStmt to a statement handle that may be used to iterate through
 ** all rows in the %_segdir table, from oldest to newest. If successful,
-** return SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs while preparing the statement, 
+** return SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs while preparing the statement,
 ** return an SQLite error code.
 **
 ** There is only ever one instance of this SQL statement compiled for
@@ -168023,16 +178561,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3AllSegdirs(
   if( iLevel<0 ){
     /* "SELECT * FROM %_segdir WHERE level BETWEEN ? AND ? ORDER BY ..." */
     rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_SELECT_LEVEL_RANGE, &pStmt, 0);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){ 
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 1, getAbsoluteLevel(p, iLangid, iIndex, 0));
-      sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 2, 
+      sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 2,
           getAbsoluteLevel(p, iLangid, iIndex, FTS3_SEGDIR_MAXLEVEL-1)
       );
     }
   }else{
     /* "SELECT * FROM %_segdir WHERE level = ? ORDER BY ..." */
     rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_SELECT_LEVEL, &pStmt, 0);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){ 
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 1, getAbsoluteLevel(p, iLangid, iIndex,iLevel));
     }
   }
@@ -168110,7 +178648,7 @@ static int fts3PendingListAppend(
   assert( !p || p->iLastDocid<=iDocid );
 
   if( !p || p->iLastDocid!=iDocid ){
-    sqlite3_int64 iDelta = iDocid - (p ? p->iLastDocid : 0);
+    u64 iDelta = (u64)iDocid - (u64)(p ? p->iLastDocid : 0);
     if( p ){
       assert( p->nData<p->nSpace );
       assert( p->aData[p->nData]==0 );
@@ -168176,7 +178714,7 @@ static int fts3PendingTermsAddOne(
   }
   if( fts3PendingListAppend(&pList, p->iPrevDocid, iCol, iPos, &rc) ){
     if( pList==fts3HashInsert(pHash, zToken, nToken, pList) ){
-      /* Malloc failed while inserting the new entry. This can only 
+      /* Malloc failed while inserting the new entry. This can only
       ** happen if there was no previous entry for this token.
       */
       assert( 0==fts3HashFind(pHash, zToken, nToken) );
@@ -168222,7 +178760,7 @@ static int fts3PendingTermsAdd(
   assert( pTokenizer && pModule );
 
   /* If the user has inserted a NULL value, this function may be called with
-  ** zText==0. In this case, add zero token entries to the hash table and 
+  ** zText==0. In this case, add zero token entries to the hash table and
   ** return early. */
   if( zText==0 ){
     *pnWord = 0;
@@ -168253,8 +178791,8 @@ static int fts3PendingTermsAdd(
     rc = fts3PendingTermsAddOne(
         p, iCol, iPos, &p->aIndex[0].hPending, zToken, nToken
     );
-    
-    /* Add the term to each of the prefix indexes that it is not too 
+
+    /* Add the term to each of the prefix indexes that it is not too
     ** short for. */
     for(i=1; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<p->nIndex; i++){
       struct Fts3Index *pIndex = &p->aIndex[i];
@@ -168270,8 +178808,8 @@ static int fts3PendingTermsAdd(
   return (rc==SQLITE_DONE ? SQLITE_OK : rc);
 }
 
-/* 
-** Calling this function indicates that subsequent calls to 
+/*
+** Calling this function indicates that subsequent calls to
 ** fts3PendingTermsAdd() are to add term/position-list pairs for the
 ** contents of the document with docid iDocid.
 */
@@ -168290,10 +178828,10 @@ static int fts3PendingTermsDocid(
   ** buffer was half empty, that would let the less frequent terms
   ** generate longer doclists.
   */
-  if( iDocid<p->iPrevDocid 
+  if( iDocid<p->iPrevDocid
    || (iDocid==p->iPrevDocid && p->bPrevDelete==0)
    || p->iPrevLangid!=iLangid
-   || p->nPendingData>p->nMaxPendingData 
+   || p->nPendingData>p->nMaxPendingData
   ){
     int rc = sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsFlush(p);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
@@ -168305,7 +178843,7 @@ static int fts3PendingTermsDocid(
 }
 
 /*
-** Discard the contents of the pending-terms hash tables. 
+** Discard the contents of the pending-terms hash tables.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsClear(Fts3Table *p){
   int i;
@@ -168330,9 +178868,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsClear(Fts3Table *p){
 ** fts3InsertData(). Parameter iDocid is the docid of the new row.
 */
 static int fts3InsertTerms(
-  Fts3Table *p, 
-  int iLangid, 
-  sqlite3_value **apVal, 
+  Fts3Table *p,
+  int iLangid,
+  sqlite3_value **apVal,
   u32 *aSz
 ){
   int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
@@ -168395,7 +178933,7 @@ static int fts3InsertData(
   rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_CONTENT_INSERT, &pContentInsert, &apVal[1]);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && p->zLanguageid ){
     rc = sqlite3_bind_int(
-        pContentInsert, p->nColumn+2, 
+        pContentInsert, p->nColumn+2,
         sqlite3_value_int(apVal[p->nColumn+4])
     );
   }
@@ -168422,8 +178960,8 @@ static int fts3InsertData(
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
   }
 
-  /* Execute the statement to insert the record. Set *piDocid to the 
-  ** new docid value. 
+  /* Execute the statement to insert the record. Set *piDocid to the
+  ** new docid value.
   */
   sqlite3_step(pContentInsert);
   rc = sqlite3_reset(pContentInsert);
@@ -168473,7 +179011,7 @@ static int langidFromSelect(Fts3Table *p, sqlite3_stmt *pSelect){
 ** (an integer) of a row about to be deleted. Remove all terms from the
 ** full-text index.
 */
-static void fts3DeleteTerms( 
+static void fts3DeleteTerms(
   int *pRC,               /* Result code */
   Fts3Table *p,           /* The FTS table to delete from */
   sqlite3_value *pRowid,  /* The docid to be deleted */
@@ -168520,7 +179058,7 @@ static void fts3DeleteTerms(
 */
 static int fts3SegmentMerge(Fts3Table *, int, int, int);
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** This function allocates a new level iLevel index in the segdir table.
 ** Usually, indexes are allocated within a level sequentially starting
 ** with 0, so the allocated index is one greater than the value returned
@@ -168529,17 +179067,17 @@ static int fts3SegmentMerge(Fts3Table *, int, int, int);
 **   SELECT max(idx) FROM %_segdir WHERE level = :iLevel
 **
 ** However, if there are already FTS3_MERGE_COUNT indexes at the requested
-** level, they are merged into a single level (iLevel+1) segment and the 
+** level, they are merged into a single level (iLevel+1) segment and the
 ** allocated index is 0.
 **
 ** If successful, *piIdx is set to the allocated index slot and SQLITE_OK
 ** returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error code is returned.
 */
 static int fts3AllocateSegdirIdx(
-  Fts3Table *p, 
+  Fts3Table *p,
   int iLangid,                    /* Language id */
   int iIndex,                     /* Index for p->aIndex */
-  int iLevel, 
+  int iLevel,
   int *piIdx
 ){
   int rc;                         /* Return Code */
@@ -168567,7 +179105,7 @@ static int fts3AllocateSegdirIdx(
     ** segment and allocate (newly freed) index 0 at level iLevel. Otherwise,
     ** if iNext is less than FTS3_MERGE_COUNT, allocate index iNext.
     */
-    if( iNext>=FTS3_MERGE_COUNT ){
+    if( iNext>=MergeCount(p) ){
       fts3LogMerge(16, getAbsoluteLevel(p, iLangid, iIndex, iLevel));
       rc = fts3SegmentMerge(p, iLangid, iIndex, iLevel);
       *piIdx = 0;
@@ -168587,7 +179125,7 @@ static int fts3AllocateSegdirIdx(
 ** This function reads data from a single row of the %_segments table. The
 ** specific row is identified by the iBlockid parameter. If paBlob is not
 ** NULL, then a buffer is allocated using sqlite3_malloc() and populated
-** with the contents of the blob stored in the "block" column of the 
+** with the contents of the blob stored in the "block" column of the
 ** identified table row is. Whether or not paBlob is NULL, *pnBlob is set
 ** to the size of the blob in bytes before returning.
 **
@@ -168651,6 +179189,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ReadBlock(
       }
       *paBlob = aByte;
     }
+  }else if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR ){
+    rc = FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
   }
 
   return rc;
@@ -168664,14 +179204,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3SegmentsClose(Fts3Table *p){
   sqlite3_blob_close(p->pSegments);
   p->pSegments = 0;
 }
-    
+
 static int fts3SegReaderIncrRead(Fts3SegReader *pReader){
   int nRead;                      /* Number of bytes to read */
   int rc;                         /* Return code */
 
   nRead = MIN(pReader->nNode - pReader->nPopulate, FTS3_NODE_CHUNKSIZE);
   rc = sqlite3_blob_read(
-      pReader->pBlob, 
+      pReader->pBlob,
       &pReader->aNode[pReader->nPopulate],
       nRead,
       pReader->nPopulate
@@ -168691,10 +179231,10 @@ static int fts3SegReaderIncrRead(Fts3SegReader *pReader){
 
 static int fts3SegReaderRequire(Fts3SegReader *pReader, char *pFrom, int nByte){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  assert( !pReader->pBlob 
+  assert( !pReader->pBlob
        || (pFrom>=pReader->aNode && pFrom<&pReader->aNode[pReader->nNode])
   );
-  while( pReader->pBlob && rc==SQLITE_OK 
+  while( pReader->pBlob && rc==SQLITE_OK
      &&  (pFrom - pReader->aNode + nByte)>pReader->nPopulate
   ){
     rc = fts3SegReaderIncrRead(pReader);
@@ -168720,7 +179260,7 @@ static void fts3SegReaderSetEof(Fts3SegReader *pSeg){
 ** SQLITE_DONE. Otherwise, an SQLite error code.
 */
 static int fts3SegReaderNext(
-  Fts3Table *p, 
+  Fts3Table *p,
   Fts3SegReader *pReader,
   int bIncr
 ){
@@ -168760,15 +179300,17 @@ static int fts3SegReaderNext(
 
     fts3SegReaderSetEof(pReader);
 
-    /* If iCurrentBlock>=iLeafEndBlock, this is an EOF condition. All leaf 
+    /* If iCurrentBlock>=iLeafEndBlock, this is an EOF condition. All leaf
     ** blocks have already been traversed.  */
-    assert( pReader->iCurrentBlock<=pReader->iLeafEndBlock );
+#ifdef CORRUPT_DB
+    assert( pReader->iCurrentBlock<=pReader->iLeafEndBlock || CORRUPT_DB );
+#endif
     if( pReader->iCurrentBlock>=pReader->iLeafEndBlock ){
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
 
     rc = sqlite3Fts3ReadBlock(
-        p, ++pReader->iCurrentBlock, &pReader->aNode, &pReader->nNode, 
+        p, ++pReader->iCurrentBlock, &pReader->aNode, &pReader->nNode,
         (bIncr ? &pReader->nPopulate : 0)
     );
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
@@ -168784,20 +179326,24 @@ static int fts3SegReaderNext(
 
   rc = fts3SegReaderRequire(pReader, pNext, FTS3_VARINT_MAX*2);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
-  
-  /* Because of the FTS3_NODE_PADDING bytes of padding, the following is 
+
+  /* Because of the FTS3_NODE_PADDING bytes of padding, the following is
   ** safe (no risk of overread) even if the node data is corrupted. */
   pNext += fts3GetVarint32(pNext, &nPrefix);
   pNext += fts3GetVarint32(pNext, &nSuffix);
-  if( nPrefix<0 || nSuffix<=0 
-   || &pNext[nSuffix]>&pReader->aNode[pReader->nNode] 
+  if( nSuffix<=0
+   || (&pReader->aNode[pReader->nNode] - pNext)<nSuffix
+   || nPrefix>pReader->nTerm
   ){
     return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
   }
 
-  if( nPrefix+nSuffix>pReader->nTermAlloc ){
-    int nNew = (nPrefix+nSuffix)*2;
-    char *zNew = sqlite3_realloc(pReader->zTerm, nNew);
+  /* Both nPrefix and nSuffix were read by fts3GetVarint32() and so are
+  ** between 0 and 0x7FFFFFFF. But the sum of the two may cause integer
+  ** overflow - hence the (i64) casts.  */
+  if( (i64)nPrefix+nSuffix>(i64)pReader->nTermAlloc ){
+    i64 nNew = ((i64)nPrefix+nSuffix)*2;
+    char *zNew = sqlite3_realloc64(pReader->zTerm, nNew);
     if( !zNew ){
       return SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }
@@ -168816,11 +179362,12 @@ static int fts3SegReaderNext(
   pReader->pOffsetList = 0;
 
   /* Check that the doclist does not appear to extend past the end of the
-  ** b-tree node. And that the final byte of the doclist is 0x00. If either 
+  ** b-tree node. And that the final byte of the doclist is 0x00. If either
   ** of these statements is untrue, then the data structure is corrupt.
   */
-  if( &pReader->aDoclist[pReader->nDoclist]>&pReader->aNode[pReader->nNode] 
+  if( pReader->nDoclist > pReader->nNode-(pReader->aDoclist-pReader->aNode)
    || (pReader->nPopulate==0 && pReader->aDoclist[pReader->nDoclist-1])
+   || pReader->nDoclist==0
   ){
     return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
   }
@@ -168840,7 +179387,7 @@ static int fts3SegReaderFirstDocid(Fts3Table *pTab, Fts3SegReader *pReader){
     pReader->iDocid = 0;
     pReader->nOffsetList = 0;
     sqlite3Fts3DoclistPrev(0,
-        pReader->aDoclist, pReader->nDoclist, &pReader->pOffsetList, 
+        pReader->aDoclist, pReader->nDoclist, &pReader->pOffsetList,
         &pReader->iDocid, &pReader->nOffsetList, &bEof
     );
   }else{
@@ -168856,8 +179403,8 @@ static int fts3SegReaderFirstDocid(Fts3Table *pTab, Fts3SegReader *pReader){
 /*
 ** Advance the SegReader to point to the next docid in the doclist
 ** associated with the current term.
-** 
-** If arguments ppOffsetList and pnOffsetList are not NULL, then 
+**
+** If arguments ppOffsetList and pnOffsetList are not NULL, then
 ** *ppOffsetList is set to point to the first column-offset list
 ** in the doclist entry (i.e. immediately past the docid varint).
 ** *pnOffsetList is set to the length of the set of column-offset
@@ -168900,22 +179447,22 @@ static int fts3SegReaderNextDocid(
     ** following block advances it to point one byte past the end of
     ** the same offset list. */
     while( 1 ){
-  
+
       /* The following line of code (and the "p++" below the while() loop) is
-      ** normally all that is required to move pointer p to the desired 
+      ** normally all that is required to move pointer p to the desired
       ** position. The exception is if this node is being loaded from disk
       ** incrementally and pointer "p" now points to the first byte past
       ** the populated part of pReader->aNode[].
       */
       while( *p | c ) c = *p++ & 0x80;
       assert( *p==0 );
-  
+
       if( pReader->pBlob==0 || p<&pReader->aNode[pReader->nPopulate] ) break;
       rc = fts3SegReaderIncrRead(pReader);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
     }
     p++;
-  
+
     /* If required, populate the output variables with a pointer to and the
     ** size of the previous offset-list.
     */
@@ -168926,7 +179473,7 @@ static int fts3SegReaderNextDocid(
 
     /* List may have been edited in place by fts3EvalNearTrim() */
     while( p<pEnd && *p==0 ) p++;
-  
+
     /* If there are no more entries in the doclist, set pOffsetList to
     ** NULL. Otherwise, set Fts3SegReader.iDocid to the next docid and
     ** Fts3SegReader.pOffsetList to point to the next offset list before
@@ -168937,23 +179484,23 @@ static int fts3SegReaderNextDocid(
     }else{
       rc = fts3SegReaderRequire(pReader, p, FTS3_VARINT_MAX);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        sqlite3_int64 iDelta;
-        pReader->pOffsetList = p + sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(p, &iDelta);
+        u64 iDelta;
+        pReader->pOffsetList = p + sqlite3Fts3GetVarintU(p, &iDelta);
         if( pTab->bDescIdx ){
-          pReader->iDocid -= iDelta;
+          pReader->iDocid = (i64)((u64)pReader->iDocid - iDelta);
         }else{
-          pReader->iDocid += iDelta;
+          pReader->iDocid = (i64)((u64)pReader->iDocid + iDelta);
         }
       }
     }
   }
 
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+  return rc;
 }
 
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MsrOvfl(
-  Fts3Cursor *pCsr, 
+  Fts3Cursor *pCsr,
   Fts3MultiSegReader *pMsr,
   int *pnOvfl
 ){
@@ -168968,8 +179515,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MsrOvfl(
 
   for(ii=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<pMsr->nSegment; ii++){
     Fts3SegReader *pReader = pMsr->apSegment[ii];
-    if( !fts3SegReaderIsPending(pReader) 
-     && !fts3SegReaderIsRootOnly(pReader) 
+    if( !fts3SegReaderIsPending(pReader)
+     && !fts3SegReaderIsRootOnly(pReader)
     ){
       sqlite3_int64 jj;
       for(jj=pReader->iStartBlock; jj<=pReader->iLeafEndBlock; jj++){
@@ -168987,7 +179534,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MsrOvfl(
 }
 
 /*
-** Free all allocations associated with the iterator passed as the 
+** Free all allocations associated with the iterator passed as the
 ** second argument.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3SegReaderFree(Fts3SegReader *pReader){
@@ -169019,8 +179566,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderNew(
   Fts3SegReader *pReader;         /* Newly allocated SegReader object */
   int nExtra = 0;                 /* Bytes to allocate segment root node */
 
-  assert( iStartLeaf<=iEndLeaf );
+  assert( zRoot!=0 || nRoot==0 );
+#ifdef CORRUPT_DB
+  assert( zRoot!=0 || CORRUPT_DB );
+#endif
+
   if( iStartLeaf==0 ){
+    if( iEndLeaf!=0 ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
     nExtra = nRoot + FTS3_NODE_PADDING;
   }
 
@@ -169040,7 +179592,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderNew(
     pReader->aNode = (char *)&pReader[1];
     pReader->rootOnly = 1;
     pReader->nNode = nRoot;
-    memcpy(pReader->aNode, zRoot, nRoot);
+    if( nRoot ) memcpy(pReader->aNode, zRoot, nRoot);
     memset(&pReader->aNode[nRoot], 0, FTS3_NODE_PADDING);
   }else{
     pReader->iCurrentBlock = iStartLeaf-1;
@@ -169141,7 +179693,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderPending(
 
   }else{
     /* The query is a simple term lookup that matches at most one term in
-    ** the index. All that is required is a straight hash-lookup. 
+    ** the index. All that is required is a straight hash-lookup.
     **
     ** Because the stack address of pE may be accessed via the aElem pointer
     ** below, the "Fts3HashElem *pE" must be declared so that it is valid
@@ -169155,8 +179707,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderPending(
   }
 
   if( nElem>0 ){
-    int nByte = sizeof(Fts3SegReader) + (nElem+1)*sizeof(Fts3HashElem *);
-    pReader = (Fts3SegReader *)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte;
+    nByte = sizeof(Fts3SegReader) + (nElem+1)*sizeof(Fts3HashElem *);
+    pReader = (Fts3SegReader *)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
     if( !pReader ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
@@ -169175,7 +179728,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderPending(
 }
 
 /*
-** Compare the entries pointed to by two Fts3SegReader structures. 
+** Compare the entries pointed to by two Fts3SegReader structures.
 ** Comparison is as follows:
 **
 **   1) EOF is greater than not EOF.
@@ -169246,7 +179799,7 @@ static int fts3SegReaderDoclistCmpRev(Fts3SegReader *pLhs, Fts3SegReader *pRhs){
 
 /*
 ** Compare the term that the Fts3SegReader object passed as the first argument
-** points to with the term specified by arguments zTerm and nTerm. 
+** points to with the term specified by arguments zTerm and nTerm.
 **
 ** If the pSeg iterator is already at EOF, return 0. Otherwise, return
 ** -ve if the pSeg term is less than zTerm/nTerm, 0 if the two terms are
@@ -169307,7 +179860,7 @@ static void fts3SegReaderSort(
 #endif
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Insert a record into the %_segments table.
 */
 static int fts3WriteSegment(
@@ -169349,7 +179902,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MaxLevel(Fts3Table *p, int *pnMax){
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Insert a record into the %_segdir table.
 */
 static int fts3WriteSegdir(
@@ -169387,7 +179940,7 @@ static int fts3WriteSegdir(
 
 /*
 ** Return the size of the common prefix (if any) shared by zPrev and
-** zNext, in bytes. For example, 
+** zNext, in bytes. For example,
 **
 **   fts3PrefixCompress("abc", 3, "abcdef", 6)   // returns 3
 **   fts3PrefixCompress("abX", 3, "abcdef", 6)   // returns 2
@@ -169411,7 +179964,7 @@ static int fts3PrefixCompress(
 */
 static int fts3NodeAddTerm(
   Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  SegmentNode **ppTree,           /* IN/OUT: SegmentNode handle */ 
+  SegmentNode **ppTree,           /* IN/OUT: SegmentNode handle */
   int isCopyTerm,                 /* True if zTerm/nTerm is transient */
   const char *zTerm,              /* Pointer to buffer containing term */
   int nTerm                       /* Size of term in bytes */
@@ -169420,7 +179973,7 @@ static int fts3NodeAddTerm(
   int rc;
   SegmentNode *pNew;
 
-  /* First try to append the term to the current node. Return early if 
+  /* First try to append the term to the current node. Return early if
   ** this is possible.
   */
   if( pTree ){
@@ -169432,6 +179985,11 @@ static int fts3NodeAddTerm(
     nPrefix = fts3PrefixCompress(pTree->zTerm, pTree->nTerm, zTerm, nTerm);
     nSuffix = nTerm-nPrefix;
 
+    /* If nSuffix is zero or less, then zTerm/nTerm must be a prefix of
+    ** pWriter->zTerm/pWriter->nTerm. i.e. must be equal to or less than when
+    ** compared with BINARY collation. This indicates corruption.  */
+    if( nSuffix<=0 ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+
     nReq += sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(nPrefix)+sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(nSuffix)+nSuffix;
     if( nReq<=p->nNodeSize || !pTree->zTerm ){
 
@@ -169440,8 +179998,8 @@ static int fts3NodeAddTerm(
         ** and the static node buffer (p->nNodeSize bytes) is not large
         ** enough. Use a separately malloced buffer instead This wastes
         ** p->nNodeSize bytes, but since this scenario only comes about when
-        ** the database contain two terms that share a prefix of almost 2KB, 
-        ** this is not expected to be a serious problem. 
+        ** the database contain two terms that share a prefix of almost 2KB,
+        ** this is not expected to be a serious problem.
         */
         assert( pTree->aData==(char *)&pTree[1] );
         pTree->aData = (char *)sqlite3_malloc(nReq);
@@ -169485,7 +180043,7 @@ static int fts3NodeAddTerm(
   ** If this is the first node in the tree, the term is added to it.
   **
   ** Otherwise, the term is not added to the new node, it is left empty for
-  ** now. Instead, the term is inserted into the parent of pTree. If pTree 
+  ** now. Instead, the term is inserted into the parent of pTree. If pTree
   ** has no parent, one is created here.
   */
   pNew = (SegmentNode *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(SegmentNode) + p->nNodeSize);
@@ -169510,7 +180068,7 @@ static int fts3NodeAddTerm(
     pTree->zMalloc = 0;
   }else{
     pNew->pLeftmost = pNew;
-    rc = fts3NodeAddTerm(p, &pNew, isCopyTerm, zTerm, nTerm); 
+    rc = fts3NodeAddTerm(p, &pNew, isCopyTerm, zTerm, nTerm);
   }
 
   *ppTree = pNew;
@@ -169521,8 +180079,8 @@ static int fts3NodeAddTerm(
 ** Helper function for fts3NodeWrite().
 */
 static int fts3TreeFinishNode(
-  SegmentNode *pTree, 
-  int iHeight, 
+  SegmentNode *pTree,
+  int iHeight,
   sqlite3_int64 iLeftChild
 ){
   int nStart;
@@ -169535,15 +180093,15 @@ static int fts3TreeFinishNode(
 
 /*
 ** Write the buffer for the segment node pTree and all of its peers to the
-** database. Then call this function recursively to write the parent of 
-** pTree and its peers to the database. 
+** database. Then call this function recursively to write the parent of
+** pTree and its peers to the database.
 **
 ** Except, if pTree is a root node, do not write it to the database. Instead,
 ** set output variables *paRoot and *pnRoot to contain the root node.
 **
 ** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned and output variable *piLast is
 ** set to the largest blockid written to the database (or zero if no
-** blocks were written to the db). Otherwise, an SQLite error code is 
+** blocks were written to the db). Otherwise, an SQLite error code is
 ** returned.
 */
 static int fts3NodeWrite(
@@ -169571,7 +180129,7 @@ static int fts3NodeWrite(
     for(pIter=pTree->pLeftmost; pIter && rc==SQLITE_OK; pIter=pIter->pRight){
       int nStart = fts3TreeFinishNode(pIter, iHeight, iNextLeaf);
       int nWrite = pIter->nData - nStart;
-  
+
       rc = fts3WriteSegment(p, iNextFree, &pIter->aData[nStart], nWrite);
       iNextFree++;
       iNextLeaf += (pIter->nEntry+1);
@@ -169617,7 +180175,7 @@ static void fts3NodeFree(SegmentNode *pTree){
 */
 static int fts3SegWriterAdd(
   Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
-  SegmentWriter **ppWriter,       /* IN/OUT: SegmentWriter handle */ 
+  SegmentWriter **ppWriter,       /* IN/OUT: SegmentWriter handle */
   int isCopyTerm,                 /* True if buffer zTerm must be copied */
   const char *zTerm,              /* Pointer to buffer containing term */
   int nTerm,                      /* Size of term in bytes */
@@ -169660,6 +180218,11 @@ static int fts3SegWriterAdd(
   nPrefix = fts3PrefixCompress(pWriter->zTerm, pWriter->nTerm, zTerm, nTerm);
   nSuffix = nTerm-nPrefix;
 
+  /* If nSuffix is zero or less, then zTerm/nTerm must be a prefix of
+  ** pWriter->zTerm/pWriter->nTerm. i.e. must be equal to or less than when
+  ** compared with BINARY collation. This indicates corruption.  */
+  if( nSuffix<=0 ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+
   /* Figure out how many bytes are required by this new entry */
   nReq = sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(nPrefix) +    /* varint containing prefix size */
     sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(nSuffix) +         /* varint containing suffix size */
@@ -169671,6 +180234,7 @@ static int fts3SegWriterAdd(
     int rc;
 
     /* The current leaf node is full. Write it out to the database. */
+    if( pWriter->iFree==LARGEST_INT64 ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
     rc = fts3WriteSegment(p, pWriter->iFree++, pWriter->aData, nData);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
     p->nLeafAdd++;
@@ -169720,9 +180284,11 @@ static int fts3SegWriterAdd(
   /* Append the prefix-compressed term and doclist to the buffer. */
   nData += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(&pWriter->aData[nData], nPrefix);
   nData += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(&pWriter->aData[nData], nSuffix);
+  assert( nSuffix>0 );
   memcpy(&pWriter->aData[nData], &zTerm[nPrefix], nSuffix);
   nData += nSuffix;
   nData += sqlite3Fts3PutVarint(&pWriter->aData[nData], nDoclist);
+  assert( nDoclist>0 );
   memcpy(&pWriter->aData[nData], aDoclist, nDoclist);
   pWriter->nData = nData + nDoclist;
 
@@ -169742,6 +180308,7 @@ static int fts3SegWriterAdd(
       pWriter->zTerm = zNew;
     }
     assert( pWriter->zTerm==pWriter->zMalloc );
+    assert( nTerm>0 );
     memcpy(pWriter->zTerm, zTerm, nTerm);
   }else{
     pWriter->zTerm = (char *)zTerm;
@@ -169777,12 +180344,12 @@ static int fts3SegWriterFlush(
           pWriter->iFirst, pWriter->iFree, &iLast, &zRoot, &nRoot);
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = fts3WriteSegdir(p, iLevel, iIdx, 
+      rc = fts3WriteSegdir(p, iLevel, iIdx,
           pWriter->iFirst, iLastLeaf, iLast, pWriter->nLeafData, zRoot, nRoot);
     }
   }else{
     /* The entire tree fits on the root node. Write it to the segdir table. */
-    rc = fts3WriteSegdir(p, iLevel, iIdx, 
+    rc = fts3WriteSegdir(p, iLevel, iIdx,
         0, 0, 0, pWriter->nLeafData, pWriter->aData, pWriter->nData);
   }
   p->nLeafAdd++;
@@ -169790,7 +180357,7 @@ static int fts3SegWriterFlush(
 }
 
 /*
-** Release all memory held by the SegmentWriter object passed as the 
+** Release all memory held by the SegmentWriter object passed as the
 ** first argument.
 */
 static void fts3SegWriterFree(SegmentWriter *pWriter){
@@ -169840,9 +180407,9 @@ static int fts3IsEmpty(Fts3Table *p, sqlite3_value *pRowid, int *pisEmpty){
 ** Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code if not.
 */
 static int fts3SegmentMaxLevel(
-  Fts3Table *p, 
+  Fts3Table *p,
   int iLangid,
-  int iIndex, 
+  int iIndex,
   sqlite3_int64 *pnMax
 ){
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
@@ -169858,7 +180425,7 @@ static int fts3SegmentMaxLevel(
   rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_SELECT_SEGDIR_MAX_LEVEL, &pStmt, 0);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
   sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 1, getAbsoluteLevel(p, iLangid, iIndex, 0));
-  sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 2, 
+  sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 2,
       getAbsoluteLevel(p, iLangid, iIndex, FTS3_SEGDIR_MAXLEVEL-1)
   );
   if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
@@ -169887,8 +180454,8 @@ static int fts3SegmentIsMaxLevel(Fts3Table *p, i64 iAbsLevel, int *pbMax){
   int rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_SELECT_SEGDIR_MAX_LEVEL, &pStmt, 0);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
   sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 1, iAbsLevel+1);
-  sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 2, 
-      ((iAbsLevel/FTS3_SEGDIR_MAXLEVEL)+1) * FTS3_SEGDIR_MAXLEVEL
+  sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 2,
+      (((u64)iAbsLevel/FTS3_SEGDIR_MAXLEVEL)+1) * FTS3_SEGDIR_MAXLEVEL
   );
 
   *pbMax = 0;
@@ -169925,9 +180492,9 @@ static int fts3DeleteSegment(
 ** This function is used after merging multiple segments into a single large
 ** segment to delete the old, now redundant, segment b-trees. Specifically,
 ** it:
-** 
-**   1) Deletes all %_segments entries for the segments associated with 
-**      each of the SegReader objects in the array passed as the third 
+**
+**   1) Deletes all %_segments entries for the segments associated with
+**      each of the SegReader objects in the array passed as the third
 **      argument, and
 **
 **   2) deletes all %_segdir entries with level iLevel, or all %_segdir
@@ -169959,7 +180526,7 @@ static int fts3DeleteSegdir(
     rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_DELETE_SEGDIR_RANGE, &pDelete, 0);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       sqlite3_bind_int64(pDelete, 1, getAbsoluteLevel(p, iLangid, iIndex, 0));
-      sqlite3_bind_int64(pDelete, 2, 
+      sqlite3_bind_int64(pDelete, 2,
           getAbsoluteLevel(p, iLangid, iIndex, FTS3_SEGDIR_MAXLEVEL-1)
       );
     }
@@ -169981,7 +180548,7 @@ static int fts3DeleteSegdir(
 }
 
 /*
-** When this function is called, buffer *ppList (size *pnList bytes) contains 
+** When this function is called, buffer *ppList (size *pnList bytes) contains
 ** a position list that may (or may not) feature multiple columns. This
 ** function adjusts the pointer *ppList and the length *pnList so that they
 ** identify the subset of the position list that corresponds to column iCol.
@@ -170008,7 +180575,7 @@ static void fts3ColumnFilter(
   while( 1 ){
     char c = 0;
     while( p<pEnd && (c | *p)&0xFE ) c = *p++ & 0x80;
-  
+
     if( iCol==iCurrent ){
       nList = (int)(p - pList);
       break;
@@ -170016,14 +180583,14 @@ static void fts3ColumnFilter(
 
     nList -= (int)(p - pList);
     pList = p;
-    if( nList==0 ){
+    if( nList<=0 ){
       break;
     }
     p = &pList[1];
     p += fts3GetVarint32(p, &iCurrent);
   }
 
-  if( bZero && &pList[nList]!=pEnd ){
+  if( bZero && (pEnd - &pList[nList])>0){
     memset(&pList[nList], 0, pEnd - &pList[nList]);
   }
   *ppList = pList;
@@ -170050,6 +180617,7 @@ static int fts3MsrBufferData(
     pMsr->aBuffer = pNew;
   }
 
+  assert( nList>0 );
   memcpy(pMsr->aBuffer, pList, nList);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -170088,7 +180656,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MsrIncrNext(
 
       rc = fts3SegReaderNextDocid(p, apSegment[0], &pList, &nList);
       j = 1;
-      while( rc==SQLITE_OK 
+      while( rc==SQLITE_OK
         && j<nMerge
         && apSegment[j]->pOffsetList
         && apSegment[j]->iDocid==iDocid
@@ -170131,7 +180699,7 @@ static int fts3SegReaderStart(
   int i;
   int nSeg = pCsr->nSegment;
 
-  /* If the Fts3SegFilter defines a specific term (or term prefix) to search 
+  /* If the Fts3SegFilter defines a specific term (or term prefix) to search
   ** for, then advance each segment iterator until it points to a term of
   ** equal or greater value than the specified term. This prevents many
   ** unnecessary merge/sort operations for the case where single segment
@@ -170215,7 +180783,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MsrIncrStart(
 **   sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStart()
 **   sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStep()
 **
-** then the entire doclist for the term is available in 
+** then the entire doclist for the term is available in
 ** MultiSegReader.aDoclist/nDoclist.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MsrIncrRestart(Fts3MultiSegReader *pCsr){
@@ -170237,6 +180805,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3MsrIncrRestart(Fts3MultiSegReader *pCsr){
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
+static int fts3GrowSegReaderBuffer(Fts3MultiSegReader *pCsr, int nReq){
+  if( nReq>pCsr->nBuffer ){
+    char *aNew;
+    pCsr->nBuffer = nReq*2;
+    aNew = sqlite3_realloc(pCsr->aBuffer, pCsr->nBuffer);
+    if( !aNew ){
+      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+    pCsr->aBuffer = aNew;
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStep(
   Fts3Table *p,                   /* Virtual table handle */
@@ -170263,9 +180844,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStep(
   do {
     int nMerge;
     int i;
-  
+
     /* Advance the first pCsr->nAdvance entries in the apSegment[] array
-    ** forward. Then sort the list in order of current term again.  
+    ** forward. Then sort the list in order of current term again.
     */
     for(i=0; i<pCsr->nAdvance; i++){
       Fts3SegReader *pSeg = apSegment[i];
@@ -170287,34 +180868,34 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStep(
     pCsr->zTerm = apSegment[0]->zTerm;
 
     /* If this is a prefix-search, and if the term that apSegment[0] points
-    ** to does not share a suffix with pFilter->zTerm/nTerm, then all 
+    ** to does not share a suffix with pFilter->zTerm/nTerm, then all
     ** required callbacks have been made. In this case exit early.
     **
     ** Similarly, if this is a search for an exact match, and the first term
     ** of segment apSegment[0] is not a match, exit early.
     */
     if( pFilter->zTerm && !isScan ){
-      if( pCsr->nTerm<pFilter->nTerm 
+      if( pCsr->nTerm<pFilter->nTerm
        || (!isPrefix && pCsr->nTerm>pFilter->nTerm)
-       || memcmp(pCsr->zTerm, pFilter->zTerm, pFilter->nTerm) 
+       || memcmp(pCsr->zTerm, pFilter->zTerm, pFilter->nTerm)
       ){
         break;
       }
     }
 
     nMerge = 1;
-    while( nMerge<nSegment 
+    while( nMerge<nSegment
         && apSegment[nMerge]->aNode
-        && apSegment[nMerge]->nTerm==pCsr->nTerm 
+        && apSegment[nMerge]->nTerm==pCsr->nTerm
         && 0==memcmp(pCsr->zTerm, apSegment[nMerge]->zTerm, pCsr->nTerm)
     ){
       nMerge++;
     }
 
     assert( isIgnoreEmpty || (isRequirePos && !isColFilter) );
-    if( nMerge==1 
-     && !isIgnoreEmpty 
-     && !isFirst 
+    if( nMerge==1
+     && !isIgnoreEmpty
+     && !isFirst
      && (p->bDescIdx==0 || fts3SegReaderIsPending(apSegment[0])==0)
     ){
       pCsr->nDoclist = apSegment[0]->nDoclist;
@@ -170359,32 +180940,26 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStep(
 
         if( !isIgnoreEmpty || nList>0 ){
 
-          /* Calculate the 'docid' delta value to write into the merged 
+          /* Calculate the 'docid' delta value to write into the merged
           ** doclist. */
           sqlite3_int64 iDelta;
           if( p->bDescIdx && nDoclist>0 ){
-            iDelta = iPrev - iDocid;
+            if( iPrev<=iDocid ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+            iDelta = (i64)((u64)iPrev - (u64)iDocid);
           }else{
-            iDelta = iDocid - iPrev;
+            if( nDoclist>0 && iPrev>=iDocid ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+            iDelta = (i64)((u64)iDocid - (u64)iPrev);
           }
-          assert( iDelta>0 || (nDoclist==0 && iDelta==iDocid) );
-          assert( nDoclist>0 || iDelta==iDocid );
 
           nByte = sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(iDelta) + (isRequirePos?nList+1:0);
-          if( nDoclist+nByte>pCsr->nBuffer ){
-            char *aNew;
-            pCsr->nBuffer = (nDoclist+nByte)*2;
-            aNew = sqlite3_realloc(pCsr->aBuffer, pCsr->nBuffer);
-            if( !aNew ){
-              return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-            }
-            pCsr->aBuffer = aNew;
-          }
+
+          rc = fts3GrowSegReaderBuffer(pCsr, nByte+nDoclist);
+          if( rc ) return rc;
 
           if( isFirst ){
             char *a = &pCsr->aBuffer[nDoclist];
             int nWrite;
-           
+
             nWrite = sqlite3Fts3FirstFilter(iDelta, pList, nList, a);
             if( nWrite ){
               iPrev = iDocid;
@@ -170404,6 +180979,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStep(
         fts3SegReaderSort(apSegment, nMerge, j, xCmp);
       }
       if( nDoclist>0 ){
+        rc = fts3GrowSegReaderBuffer(pCsr, nDoclist+FTS3_NODE_PADDING);
+        if( rc ) return rc;
+        memset(&pCsr->aBuffer[nDoclist], 0, FTS3_NODE_PADDING);
         pCsr->aDoclist = pCsr->aBuffer;
         pCsr->nDoclist = nDoclist;
         rc = SQLITE_ROW;
@@ -170434,18 +181012,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3SegReaderFinish(
 }
 
 /*
-** Decode the "end_block" field, selected by column iCol of the SELECT 
-** statement passed as the first argument. 
+** Decode the "end_block" field, selected by column iCol of the SELECT
+** statement passed as the first argument.
 **
 ** The "end_block" field may contain either an integer, or a text field
-** containing the text representation of two non-negative integers separated 
-** by one or more space (0x20) characters. In the first case, set *piEndBlock 
-** to the integer value and *pnByte to zero before returning. In the second, 
+** containing the text representation of two non-negative integers separated
+** by one or more space (0x20) characters. In the first case, set *piEndBlock
+** to the integer value and *pnByte to zero before returning. In the second,
 ** set *piEndBlock to the first value and *pnByte to the second.
 */
 static void fts3ReadEndBlockField(
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
-  int iCol, 
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,
+  int iCol,
   i64 *piEndBlock,
   i64 *pnByte
 ){
@@ -170453,11 +181031,11 @@ static void fts3ReadEndBlockField(
   if( zText ){
     int i;
     int iMul = 1;
-    i64 iVal = 0;
+    u64 iVal = 0;
     for(i=0; zText[i]>='0' && zText[i]<='9'; i++){
       iVal = iVal*10 + (zText[i] - '0');
     }
-    *piEndBlock = iVal;
+    *piEndBlock = (i64)iVal;
     while( zText[i]==' ' ) i++;
     iVal = 0;
     if( zText[i]=='-' ){
@@ -170467,7 +181045,7 @@ static void fts3ReadEndBlockField(
     for(/* no-op */; zText[i]>='0' && zText[i]<='9'; i++){
       iVal = iVal*10 + (zText[i] - '0');
     }
-    *pnByte = (iVal * (i64)iMul);
+    *pnByte = ((i64)iVal * (i64)iMul);
   }
 }
 
@@ -170491,10 +181069,10 @@ static int fts3PromoteSegments(
     i64 iLast = (iAbsLevel/FTS3_SEGDIR_MAXLEVEL + 1) * FTS3_SEGDIR_MAXLEVEL - 1;
     i64 nLimit = (nByte*3)/2;
 
-    /* Loop through all entries in the %_segdir table corresponding to 
+    /* Loop through all entries in the %_segdir table corresponding to
     ** segments in this index on levels greater than iAbsLevel. If there is
-    ** at least one such segment, and it is possible to determine that all 
-    ** such segments are smaller than nLimit bytes in size, they will be 
+    ** at least one such segment, and it is possible to determine that all
+    ** such segments are smaller than nLimit bytes in size, they will be
     ** promoted to level iAbsLevel.  */
     sqlite3_bind_int64(pRange, 1, iAbsLevel+1);
     sqlite3_bind_int64(pRange, 2, iLast);
@@ -170502,7 +181080,7 @@ static int fts3PromoteSegments(
       i64 nSize = 0, dummy;
       fts3ReadEndBlockField(pRange, 2, &dummy, &nSize);
       if( nSize<=0 || nSize>nLimit ){
-        /* If nSize==0, then the %_segdir.end_block field does not not 
+        /* If nSize==0, then the %_segdir.end_block field does not not
         ** contain a size value. This happens if it was written by an
         ** old version of FTS. In this case it is not possible to determine
         ** the size of the segment, and so segment promotion does not
@@ -170568,18 +181146,18 @@ static int fts3PromoteSegments(
 }
 
 /*
-** Merge all level iLevel segments in the database into a single 
+** Merge all level iLevel segments in the database into a single
 ** iLevel+1 segment. Or, if iLevel<0, merge all segments into a
-** single segment with a level equal to the numerically largest level 
+** single segment with a level equal to the numerically largest level
 ** currently present in the database.
 **
 ** If this function is called with iLevel<0, but there is only one
-** segment in the database, SQLITE_DONE is returned immediately. 
-** Otherwise, if successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error occurs, 
+** segment in the database, SQLITE_DONE is returned immediately.
+** Otherwise, if successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error occurs,
 ** an SQLite error code is returned.
 */
 static int fts3SegmentMerge(
-  Fts3Table *p, 
+  Fts3Table *p,
   int iLangid,                    /* Language id to merge */
   int iIndex,                     /* Index in p->aIndex[] to merge */
   int iLevel                      /* Level to merge */
@@ -170623,7 +181201,7 @@ static int fts3SegmentMerge(
   }else{
     /* This call is to merge all segments at level iLevel. find the next
     ** available segment index at level iLevel+1. The call to
-    ** fts3AllocateSegdirIdx() will merge the segments at level iLevel+1 to 
+    ** fts3AllocateSegdirIdx() will merge the segments at level iLevel+1 to
     ** a single iLevel+2 segment if necessary.  */
     assert( FTS3_SEGCURSOR_PENDING==-1 );
     iNewLevel = getAbsoluteLevel(p, iLangid, iIndex, iLevel+1);
@@ -170633,8 +181211,10 @@ static int fts3SegmentMerge(
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished;
 
   assert( csr.nSegment>0 );
-  assert( iNewLevel>=getAbsoluteLevel(p, iLangid, iIndex, 0) );
-  assert( iNewLevel<getAbsoluteLevel(p, iLangid, iIndex,FTS3_SEGDIR_MAXLEVEL) );
+  assert_fts3_nc( iNewLevel>=getAbsoluteLevel(p, iLangid, iIndex, 0) );
+  assert_fts3_nc(
+    iNewLevel<getAbsoluteLevel(p, iLangid, iIndex,FTS3_SEGDIR_MAXLEVEL)
+  );
 
   memset(&filter, 0, sizeof(Fts3SegFilter));
   filter.flags = FTS3_SEGMENT_REQUIRE_POS;
@@ -170644,11 +181224,11 @@ static int fts3SegmentMerge(
   while( SQLITE_OK==rc ){
     rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStep(p, &csr);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ) break;
-    rc = fts3SegWriterAdd(p, &pWriter, 1, 
+    rc = fts3SegWriterAdd(p, &pWriter, 1,
         csr.zTerm, csr.nTerm, csr.aDoclist, csr.nDoclist);
   }
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished;
-  assert( pWriter || bIgnoreEmpty );
+  assert_fts3_nc( pWriter || bIgnoreEmpty );
 
   if( iLevel!=FTS3_SEGCURSOR_PENDING ){
     rc = fts3DeleteSegdir(
@@ -170672,13 +181252,13 @@ static int fts3SegmentMerge(
 }
 
 
-/* 
-** Flush the contents of pendingTerms to level 0 segments. 
+/*
+** Flush the contents of pendingTerms to level 0 segments.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsFlush(Fts3Table *p){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int i;
-        
+
   for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<p->nIndex; i++){
     rc = fts3SegmentMerge(p, p->iPrevLangid, i, FTS3_SEGCURSOR_PENDING);
     if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -170733,14 +181313,16 @@ static void fts3DecodeIntArray(
   const char *zBuf,  /* The BLOB containing the varints */
   int nBuf           /* size of the BLOB */
 ){
-  int i, j;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nBuf);
-  for(i=j=0; i<N; i++){
-    sqlite3_int64 x;
-    j += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(&zBuf[j], &x);
-    assert(j<=nBuf);
-    a[i] = (u32)(x & 0xffffffff);
+  int i = 0;
+  if( nBuf && (zBuf[nBuf-1]&0x80)==0 ){
+    int j;
+    for(i=j=0; i<N && j<nBuf; i++){
+      sqlite3_int64 x;
+      j += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(&zBuf[j], &x);
+      a[i] = (u32)(x & 0xffffffff);
+    }
   }
+  while( i<N ) a[i++] = 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -170759,7 +181341,7 @@ static void fts3InsertDocsize(
   int rc;                  /* Result code from subfunctions */
 
   if( *pRC ) return;
-  pBlob = sqlite3_malloc( 10*p->nColumn );
+  pBlob = sqlite3_malloc64( 10*(sqlite3_int64)p->nColumn );
   if( pBlob==0 ){
     *pRC = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     return;
@@ -170780,7 +181362,7 @@ static void fts3InsertDocsize(
 /*
 ** Record 0 of the %_stat table contains a blob consisting of N varints,
 ** where N is the number of user defined columns in the fts3 table plus
-** two. If nCol is the number of user defined columns, then values of the 
+** two. If nCol is the number of user defined columns, then values of the
 ** varints are set as follows:
 **
 **   Varint 0:       Total number of rows in the table.
@@ -170809,7 +181391,7 @@ static void fts3UpdateDocTotals(
   const int nStat = p->nColumn+2;
 
   if( *pRC ) return;
-  a = sqlite3_malloc( (sizeof(u32)+10)*nStat );
+  a = sqlite3_malloc64( (sizeof(u32)+10)*(sqlite3_int64)nStat );
   if( a==0 ){
     *pRC = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     return;
@@ -170865,7 +181447,7 @@ static void fts3UpdateDocTotals(
 }
 
 /*
-** Merge the entire database so that there is one segment for each 
+** Merge the entire database so that there is one segment for each
 ** iIndex/iLangid combination.
 */
 static int fts3DoOptimize(Fts3Table *p, int bReturnDone){
@@ -170873,7 +181455,10 @@ static int fts3DoOptimize(Fts3Table *p, int bReturnDone){
   int rc;
   sqlite3_stmt *pAllLangid = 0;
 
-  rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_SELECT_ALL_LANGID, &pAllLangid, 0);
+  rc = sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsFlush(p);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_SELECT_ALL_LANGID, &pAllLangid, 0);
+  }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     int rc2;
     sqlite3_bind_int(pAllLangid, 1, p->iPrevLangid);
@@ -170894,7 +181479,6 @@ static int fts3DoOptimize(Fts3Table *p, int bReturnDone){
   }
 
   sqlite3Fts3SegmentsClose(p);
-  sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsClear(p);
 
   return (rc==SQLITE_OK && bReturnDone && bSeenDone) ? SQLITE_DONE : rc;
 }
@@ -170904,7 +181488,7 @@ static int fts3DoOptimize(Fts3Table *p, int bReturnDone){
 **
 **     INSERT INTO <tbl>(<tbl>) VALUES('rebuild');
 **
-** The entire FTS index is discarded and rebuilt. If the table is one 
+** The entire FTS index is discarded and rebuilt. If the table is one
 ** created using the content=xxx option, then the new index is based on
 ** the current contents of the xxx table. Otherwise, it is rebuilt based
 ** on the contents of the %_content table.
@@ -170930,8 +181514,8 @@ static int fts3DoRebuild(Fts3Table *p){
     }
 
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      int nByte = sizeof(u32) * (p->nColumn+1)*3;
-      aSz = (u32 *)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+      sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(u32) * ((sqlite3_int64)p->nColumn+1)*3;
+      aSz = (u32 *)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
       if( aSz==0 ){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }else{
@@ -170984,9 +181568,9 @@ static int fts3DoRebuild(Fts3Table *p){
 
 
 /*
-** This function opens a cursor used to read the input data for an 
+** This function opens a cursor used to read the input data for an
 ** incremental merge operation. Specifically, it opens a cursor to scan
-** the oldest nSeg segments (idx=0 through idx=(nSeg-1)) in absolute 
+** the oldest nSeg segments (idx=0 through idx=(nSeg-1)) in absolute
 ** level iAbsLevel.
 */
 static int fts3IncrmergeCsr(
@@ -170996,13 +181580,13 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeCsr(
   Fts3MultiSegReader *pCsr        /* Cursor object to populate */
 ){
   int rc;                         /* Return Code */
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;        /* Statement used to read %_segdir entry */  
-  int nByte;                      /* Bytes allocated at pCsr->apSegment[] */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;        /* Statement used to read %_segdir entry */
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte;            /* Bytes allocated at pCsr->apSegment[] */
 
   /* Allocate space for the Fts3MultiSegReader.aCsr[] array */
   memset(pCsr, 0, sizeof(*pCsr));
   nByte = sizeof(Fts3SegReader *) * nSeg;
-  pCsr->apSegment = (Fts3SegReader **)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+  pCsr->apSegment = (Fts3SegReader **)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
 
   if( pCsr->apSegment==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -171051,7 +181635,7 @@ struct Blob {
 };
 
 /*
-** This structure is used to build up buffers containing segment b-tree 
+** This structure is used to build up buffers containing segment b-tree
 ** nodes (blocks).
 */
 struct NodeWriter {
@@ -171120,12 +181704,12 @@ static void blobGrowBuffer(Blob *pBlob, int nMin, int *pRc){
 
 /*
 ** Attempt to advance the node-reader object passed as the first argument to
-** the next entry on the node. 
+** the next entry on the node.
 **
-** Return an error code if an error occurs (SQLITE_NOMEM is possible). 
+** Return an error code if an error occurs (SQLITE_NOMEM is possible).
 ** Otherwise return SQLITE_OK. If there is no next entry on the node
 ** (e.g. because the current entry is the last) set NodeReader->aNode to
-** NULL to indicate EOF. Otherwise, populate the NodeReader structure output 
+** NULL to indicate EOF. Otherwise, populate the NodeReader structure output
 ** variables for the new entry.
 */
 static int nodeReaderNext(NodeReader *p){
@@ -171145,6 +181729,9 @@ static int nodeReaderNext(NodeReader *p){
     }
     p->iOff += fts3GetVarint32(&p->aNode[p->iOff], &nSuffix);
 
+    if( nPrefix>p->term.n || nSuffix>p->nNode-p->iOff || nSuffix==0 ){
+      return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+    }
     blobGrowBuffer(&p->term, nPrefix+nSuffix, &rc);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       memcpy(&p->term.a[nPrefix], &p->aNode[p->iOff], nSuffix);
@@ -171152,14 +181739,16 @@ static int nodeReaderNext(NodeReader *p){
       p->iOff += nSuffix;
       if( p->iChild==0 ){
         p->iOff += fts3GetVarint32(&p->aNode[p->iOff], &p->nDoclist);
+        if( (p->nNode-p->iOff)<p->nDoclist ){
+          return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+        }
         p->aDoclist = &p->aNode[p->iOff];
         p->iOff += p->nDoclist;
       }
     }
   }
 
-  assert( p->iOff<=p->nNode );
-
+  assert_fts3_nc( p->iOff<=p->nNode );
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -171173,7 +181762,7 @@ static void nodeReaderRelease(NodeReader *p){
 /*
 ** Initialize a node-reader object to read the node in buffer aNode/nNode.
 **
-** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned and the NodeReader object set to 
+** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned and the NodeReader object set to
 ** point to the first entry on the node (if any). Otherwise, an SQLite
 ** error code is returned.
 */
@@ -171183,14 +181772,14 @@ static int nodeReaderInit(NodeReader *p, const char *aNode, int nNode){
   p->nNode = nNode;
 
   /* Figure out if this is a leaf or an internal node. */
-  if( p->aNode[0] ){
+  if( aNode && aNode[0] ){
     /* An internal node. */
     p->iOff = 1 + sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(&p->aNode[1], &p->iChild);
   }else{
     p->iOff = 1;
   }
 
-  return nodeReaderNext(p);
+  return aNode ? nodeReaderNext(p) : SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -171222,17 +181811,18 @@ static int fts3IncrmergePush(
     int nSpace;
 
     /* Figure out how much space the key will consume if it is written to
-    ** the current node of layer iLayer. Due to the prefix compression, 
+    ** the current node of layer iLayer. Due to the prefix compression,
     ** the space required changes depending on which node the key is to
     ** be added to.  */
     nPrefix = fts3PrefixCompress(pNode->key.a, pNode->key.n, zTerm, nTerm);
     nSuffix = nTerm - nPrefix;
+    if(nSuffix<=0 ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
     nSpace  = sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(nPrefix);
     nSpace += sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(nSuffix) + nSuffix;
 
-    if( pNode->key.n==0 || (pNode->block.n + nSpace)<=p->nNodeSize ){ 
+    if( pNode->key.n==0 || (pNode->block.n + nSpace)<=p->nNodeSize ){
       /* If the current node of layer iLayer contains zero keys, or if adding
-      ** the key to it will not cause it to grow to larger than nNodeSize 
+      ** the key to it will not cause it to grow to larger than nNodeSize
       ** bytes in size, write the key here.  */
 
       Blob *pBlk = &pNode->block;
@@ -171288,12 +181878,12 @@ static int fts3IncrmergePush(
 ** A node header is a single 0x00 byte for a leaf node, or a height varint
 ** followed by the left-hand-child varint for an internal node.
 **
-** The term to be appended is passed via arguments zTerm/nTerm. For a 
+** The term to be appended is passed via arguments zTerm/nTerm. For a
 ** leaf node, the doclist is passed as aDoclist/nDoclist. For an internal
 ** node, both aDoclist and nDoclist must be passed 0.
 **
 ** If the size of the value in blob pPrev is zero, then this is the first
-** term written to the node. Otherwise, pPrev contains a copy of the 
+** term written to the node. Otherwise, pPrev contains a copy of the
 ** previous term. Before this function returns, it is updated to contain a
 ** copy of zTerm/nTerm.
 **
@@ -171310,7 +181900,7 @@ static int fts3AppendToNode(
   const char *zTerm,              /* New term to write */
   int nTerm,                      /* Size of zTerm in bytes */
   const char *aDoclist,           /* Doclist (or NULL) to write */
-  int nDoclist                    /* Size of aDoclist in bytes */ 
+  int nDoclist                    /* Size of aDoclist in bytes */
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
   int bFirst = (pPrev->n==0);     /* True if this is the first term written */
@@ -171320,13 +181910,14 @@ static int fts3AppendToNode(
   /* Node must have already been started. There must be a doclist for a
   ** leaf node, and there must not be a doclist for an internal node.  */
   assert( pNode->n>0 );
-  assert( (pNode->a[0]=='\0')==(aDoclist!=0) );
+  assert_fts3_nc( (pNode->a[0]=='\0')==(aDoclist!=0) );
 
   blobGrowBuffer(pPrev, nTerm, &rc);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
 
   nPrefix = fts3PrefixCompress(pPrev->a, pPrev->n, zTerm, nTerm);
   nSuffix = nTerm - nPrefix;
+  if( nSuffix<=0 ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
   memcpy(pPrev->a, zTerm, nTerm);
   pPrev->n = nTerm;
 
@@ -171384,7 +181975,7 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeAppend(
     rc = fts3WriteSegment(p, pLeaf->iBlock, pLeaf->block.a, pLeaf->block.n);
     pWriter->nWork++;
 
-    /* Add the current term to the parent node. The term added to the 
+    /* Add the current term to the parent node. The term added to the
     ** parent must:
     **
     **   a) be greater than the largest term on the leaf node just written
@@ -171449,7 +182040,7 @@ static void fts3IncrmergeRelease(
   NodeWriter *pRoot;              /* NodeWriter for root node */
   int rc = *pRc;                  /* Error code */
 
-  /* Set iRoot to the index in pWriter->aNodeWriter[] of the output segment 
+  /* Set iRoot to the index in pWriter->aNodeWriter[] of the output segment
   ** root node. If the segment fits entirely on a single leaf node, iRoot
   ** will be set to 0. If the root node is the parent of the leaves, iRoot
   ** will be 1. And so on.  */
@@ -171467,17 +182058,17 @@ static void fts3IncrmergeRelease(
 
   /* The entire output segment fits on a single node. Normally, this means
   ** the node would be stored as a blob in the "root" column of the %_segdir
-  ** table. However, this is not permitted in this case. The problem is that 
-  ** space has already been reserved in the %_segments table, and so the 
-  ** start_block and end_block fields of the %_segdir table must be populated. 
-  ** And, by design or by accident, released versions of FTS cannot handle 
+  ** table. However, this is not permitted in this case. The problem is that
+  ** space has already been reserved in the %_segments table, and so the
+  ** start_block and end_block fields of the %_segdir table must be populated.
+  ** And, by design or by accident, released versions of FTS cannot handle
   ** segments that fit entirely on the root node with start_block!=0.
   **
-  ** Instead, create a synthetic root node that contains nothing but a 
+  ** Instead, create a synthetic root node that contains nothing but a
   ** pointer to the single content node. So that the segment consists of a
   ** single leaf and a single interior (root) node.
   **
-  ** Todo: Better might be to defer allocating space in the %_segments 
+  ** Todo: Better might be to defer allocating space in the %_segments
   ** table until we are sure it is needed.
   */
   if( iRoot==0 ){
@@ -171505,7 +182096,7 @@ static void fts3IncrmergeRelease(
 
   /* Write the %_segdir record. */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = fts3WriteSegdir(p, 
+    rc = fts3WriteSegdir(p,
         pWriter->iAbsLevel+1,               /* level */
         pWriter->iIdx,                      /* idx */
         pWriter->iStart,                    /* start_block */
@@ -171536,7 +182127,7 @@ static int fts3TermCmp(
   int nCmp = MIN(nLhs, nRhs);
   int res;
 
-  res = memcmp(zLhs, zRhs, nCmp);
+  res = (nCmp ? memcmp(zLhs, zRhs, nCmp) : 0);
   if( res==0 ) res = nLhs - nRhs;
 
   return res;
@@ -171544,11 +182135,11 @@ static int fts3TermCmp(
 
 
 /*
-** Query to see if the entry in the %_segments table with blockid iEnd is 
+** Query to see if the entry in the %_segments table with blockid iEnd is
 ** NULL. If no error occurs and the entry is NULL, set *pbRes 1 before
-** returning. Otherwise, set *pbRes to 0. 
+** returning. Otherwise, set *pbRes to 0.
 **
-** Or, if an error occurs while querying the database, return an SQLite 
+** Or, if an error occurs while querying the database, return an SQLite
 ** error code. The final value of *pbRes is undefined in this case.
 **
 ** This is used to test if a segment is an "appendable" segment. If it
@@ -171566,14 +182157,14 @@ static int fts3IsAppendable(Fts3Table *p, sqlite3_int64 iEnd, int *pbRes){
     if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pCheck) ) bRes = 1;
     rc = sqlite3_reset(pCheck);
   }
-  
+
   *pbRes = bRes;
   return rc;
 }
 
 /*
 ** This function is called when initializing an incremental-merge operation.
-** It checks if the existing segment with index value iIdx at absolute level 
+** It checks if the existing segment with index value iIdx at absolute level
 ** (iAbsLevel+1) can be appended to by the incremental merge. If it can, the
 ** merge-writer object *pWriter is initialized to write to it.
 **
@@ -171582,7 +182173,7 @@ static int fts3IsAppendable(Fts3Table *p, sqlite3_int64 iEnd, int *pbRes){
 **   * It was initially created as an appendable segment (with all required
 **     space pre-allocated), and
 **
-**   * The first key read from the input (arguments zKey and nKey) is 
+**   * The first key read from the input (arguments zKey and nKey) is
 **     greater than the largest key currently stored in the potential
 **     output segment.
 */
@@ -171620,6 +182211,10 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeLoad(
       pWriter->bNoLeafData = (pWriter->nLeafData==0);
       nRoot = sqlite3_column_bytes(pSelect, 4);
       aRoot = sqlite3_column_blob(pSelect, 4);
+      if( aRoot==0 ){
+        sqlite3_reset(pSelect);
+        return nRoot ? SQLITE_NOMEM : FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+      }
     }else{
       return sqlite3_reset(pSelect);
     }
@@ -171655,6 +182250,10 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeLoad(
       int i;
       int nHeight = (int)aRoot[0];
       NodeWriter *pNode;
+      if( nHeight<1 || nHeight>=FTS_MAX_APPENDABLE_HEIGHT ){
+        sqlite3_reset(pSelect);
+        return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+      }
 
       pWriter->nLeafEst = (int)((iEnd - iStart) + 1)/FTS_MAX_APPENDABLE_HEIGHT;
       pWriter->iStart = iStart;
@@ -171668,34 +182267,42 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeLoad(
 
       pNode = &pWriter->aNodeWriter[nHeight];
       pNode->iBlock = pWriter->iStart + pWriter->nLeafEst*nHeight;
-      blobGrowBuffer(&pNode->block, MAX(nRoot, p->nNodeSize), &rc);
+      blobGrowBuffer(&pNode->block,
+          MAX(nRoot, p->nNodeSize)+FTS3_NODE_PADDING, &rc
+      );
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         memcpy(pNode->block.a, aRoot, nRoot);
         pNode->block.n = nRoot;
+        memset(&pNode->block.a[nRoot], 0, FTS3_NODE_PADDING);
       }
 
       for(i=nHeight; i>=0 && rc==SQLITE_OK; i--){
         NodeReader reader;
         pNode = &pWriter->aNodeWriter[i];
 
-        rc = nodeReaderInit(&reader, pNode->block.a, pNode->block.n);
-        while( reader.aNode && rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = nodeReaderNext(&reader);
-        blobGrowBuffer(&pNode->key, reader.term.n, &rc);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          memcpy(pNode->key.a, reader.term.a, reader.term.n);
-          pNode->key.n = reader.term.n;
-          if( i>0 ){
-            char *aBlock = 0;
-            int nBlock = 0;
-            pNode = &pWriter->aNodeWriter[i-1];
-            pNode->iBlock = reader.iChild;
-            rc = sqlite3Fts3ReadBlock(p, reader.iChild, &aBlock, &nBlock, 0);
-            blobGrowBuffer(&pNode->block, MAX(nBlock, p->nNodeSize), &rc);
-            if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-              memcpy(pNode->block.a, aBlock, nBlock);
-              pNode->block.n = nBlock;
+        if( pNode->block.a){
+          rc = nodeReaderInit(&reader, pNode->block.a, pNode->block.n);
+          while( reader.aNode && rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = nodeReaderNext(&reader);
+          blobGrowBuffer(&pNode->key, reader.term.n, &rc);
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            memcpy(pNode->key.a, reader.term.a, reader.term.n);
+            pNode->key.n = reader.term.n;
+            if( i>0 ){
+              char *aBlock = 0;
+              int nBlock = 0;
+              pNode = &pWriter->aNodeWriter[i-1];
+              pNode->iBlock = reader.iChild;
+              rc = sqlite3Fts3ReadBlock(p, reader.iChild, &aBlock, &nBlock, 0);
+              blobGrowBuffer(&pNode->block,
+                  MAX(nBlock, p->nNodeSize)+FTS3_NODE_PADDING, &rc
+              );
+              if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+                memcpy(pNode->block.a, aBlock, nBlock);
+                pNode->block.n = nBlock;
+                memset(&pNode->block.a[nBlock], 0, FTS3_NODE_PADDING);
+              }
+              sqlite3_free(aBlock);
             }
-            sqlite3_free(aBlock);
           }
         }
         nodeReaderRelease(&reader);
@@ -171712,13 +182319,13 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeLoad(
 /*
 ** Determine the largest segment index value that exists within absolute
 ** level iAbsLevel+1. If no error occurs, set *piIdx to this value plus
-** one before returning SQLITE_OK. Or, if there are no segments at all 
+** one before returning SQLITE_OK. Or, if there are no segments at all
 ** within level iAbsLevel, set *piIdx to zero.
 **
 ** If an error occurs, return an SQLite error code. The final value of
 ** *piIdx is undefined in this case.
 */
-static int fts3IncrmergeOutputIdx( 
+static int fts3IncrmergeOutputIdx(
   Fts3Table *p,                   /* FTS Table handle */
   sqlite3_int64 iAbsLevel,        /* Absolute index of input segments */
   int *piIdx                      /* OUT: Next free index at iAbsLevel+1 */
@@ -171737,7 +182344,7 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeOutputIdx(
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Allocate an appendable output segment on absolute level iAbsLevel+1
 ** with idx value iIdx.
 **
@@ -171751,7 +182358,7 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeOutputIdx(
 ** When an appendable segment is allocated, it is estimated that the
 ** maximum number of leaf blocks that may be required is the sum of the
 ** number of leaf blocks consumed by the input segments, plus the number
-** of input segments, multiplied by two. This value is stored in stack 
+** of input segments, multiplied by two. This value is stored in stack
 ** variable nLeafEst.
 **
 ** A total of 16*nLeafEst blocks are allocated when an appendable segment
@@ -171760,10 +182367,10 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeOutputIdx(
 ** of interior nodes that are parents of the leaf nodes start at block
 ** (start_block + (1 + end_block - start_block) / 16). And so on.
 **
-** In the actual code below, the value "16" is replaced with the 
+** In the actual code below, the value "16" is replaced with the
 ** pre-processor macro FTS_MAX_APPENDABLE_HEIGHT.
 */
-static int fts3IncrmergeWriter( 
+static int fts3IncrmergeWriter(
   Fts3Table *p,                   /* Fts3 table handle */
   sqlite3_int64 iAbsLevel,        /* Absolute level of input segments */
   int iIdx,                       /* Index of new output segment */
@@ -171801,7 +182408,7 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeWriter(
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
 
   /* Insert the marker in the %_segments table to make sure nobody tries
-  ** to steal the space just allocated. This is also used to identify 
+  ** to steal the space just allocated. This is also used to identify
   ** appendable segments.  */
   rc = fts3WriteSegment(p, pWriter->iEnd, 0, 0);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
@@ -171818,13 +182425,13 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeWriter(
 }
 
 /*
-** Remove an entry from the %_segdir table. This involves running the 
+** Remove an entry from the %_segdir table. This involves running the
 ** following two statements:
 **
 **   DELETE FROM %_segdir WHERE level = :iAbsLevel AND idx = :iIdx
 **   UPDATE %_segdir SET idx = idx - 1 WHERE level = :iAbsLevel AND idx > :iIdx
 **
-** The DELETE statement removes the specific %_segdir level. The UPDATE 
+** The DELETE statement removes the specific %_segdir level. The UPDATE
 ** statement ensures that the remaining segments have contiguously allocated
 ** idx values.
 */
@@ -171938,7 +182545,10 @@ static int fts3TruncateNode(
   NodeReader reader;              /* Reader object */
   Blob prev = {0, 0, 0};          /* Previous term written to new node */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
-  int bLeaf = aNode[0]=='\0';     /* True for a leaf node */
+  int bLeaf;                       /* True for a leaf node */
+
+  if( nNode<1 ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+  bLeaf = aNode[0]=='\0';
 
   /* Allocate required output space */
   blobGrowBuffer(pNew, nNode, &rc);
@@ -171946,8 +182556,8 @@ static int fts3TruncateNode(
   pNew->n = 0;
 
   /* Populate new node buffer */
-  for(rc = nodeReaderInit(&reader, aNode, nNode); 
-      rc==SQLITE_OK && reader.aNode; 
+  for(rc = nodeReaderInit(&reader, aNode, nNode);
+      rc==SQLITE_OK && reader.aNode;
       rc = nodeReaderNext(&reader)
   ){
     if( pNew->n==0 ){
@@ -171974,7 +182584,7 @@ static int fts3TruncateNode(
 }
 
 /*
-** Remove all terms smaller than zTerm/nTerm from segment iIdx in absolute 
+** Remove all terms smaller than zTerm/nTerm from segment iIdx in absolute
 ** level iAbsLevel. This may involve deleting entries from the %_segments
 ** table, and modifying existing entries in both the %_segments and %_segdir
 ** tables.
@@ -172098,9 +182708,9 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeChomp(
       }
       *pnRem = 0;
     }else{
-      /* The incremental merge did not copy all the data from this 
+      /* The incremental merge did not copy all the data from this
       ** segment to the upper level. The segment is modified in place
-      ** so that it contains no keys smaller than zTerm/nTerm. */ 
+      ** so that it contains no keys smaller than zTerm/nTerm. */
       const char *zTerm = pSeg->zTerm;
       int nTerm = pSeg->nTerm;
       rc = fts3TruncateSegment(p, iAbsLevel, pSeg->iIdx, zTerm, nTerm);
@@ -172136,7 +182746,7 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeHintStore(Fts3Table *p, Blob *pHint){
 }
 
 /*
-** Load an incr-merge hint from the database. The incr-merge hint, if one 
+** Load an incr-merge hint from the database. The incr-merge hint, if one
 ** exists, is stored in the rowid==1 row of the %_stat table.
 **
 ** If successful, populate blob *pHint with the value read from the %_stat
@@ -172173,7 +182783,7 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeHintLoad(Fts3Table *p, Blob *pHint){
 /*
 ** If *pRc is not SQLITE_OK when this function is called, it is a no-op.
 ** Otherwise, append an entry to the hint stored in blob *pHint. Each entry
-** consists of two varints, the absolute level number of the input segments 
+** consists of two varints, the absolute level number of the input segments
 ** and the number of input segments.
 **
 ** If successful, leave *pRc set to SQLITE_OK and return. If an error occurs,
@@ -172194,7 +182804,7 @@ static void fts3IncrmergeHintPush(
 
 /*
 ** Read the last entry (most recently pushed) from the hint blob *pHint
-** and then remove the entry. Write the two values read to *piAbsLevel and 
+** and then remove the entry. Write the two values read to *piAbsLevel and
 ** *pnInput before returning.
 **
 ** If no error occurs, return SQLITE_OK. If the hint blob in *pHint does
@@ -172204,13 +182814,17 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeHintPop(Blob *pHint, i64 *piAbsLevel, int *pnInput){
   const int nHint = pHint->n;
   int i;
 
-  i = pHint->n-2;
+  i = pHint->n-1;
+  if( (pHint->a[i] & 0x80) ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
   while( i>0 && (pHint->a[i-1] & 0x80) ) i--;
+  if( i==0 ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+  i--;
   while( i>0 && (pHint->a[i-1] & 0x80) ) i--;
 
   pHint->n = i;
   i += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(&pHint->a[i], piAbsLevel);
   i += fts3GetVarint32(&pHint->a[i], pnInput);
+  assert( i<=nHint );
   if( i!=nHint ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
 
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -172220,10 +182834,10 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeHintPop(Blob *pHint, i64 *piAbsLevel, int *pnInput){
 /*
 ** Attempt an incremental merge that writes nMerge leaf blocks.
 **
-** Incremental merges happen nMin segments at a time. The segments 
-** to be merged are the nMin oldest segments (the ones with the smallest 
-** values for the _segdir.idx field) in the highest level that contains 
-** at least nMin segments. Multiple merges might occur in an attempt to 
+** Incremental merges happen nMin segments at a time. The segments
+** to be merged are the nMin oldest segments (the ones with the smallest
+** values for the _segdir.idx field) in the highest level that contains
+** at least nMin segments. Multiple merges might occur in an attempt to
 ** write the quota of nMerge leaf blocks.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Incrmerge(Fts3Table *p, int nMerge, int nMin){
@@ -172254,7 +182868,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Incrmerge(Fts3Table *p, int nMerge, int nMin){
     /* Search the %_segdir table for the absolute level with the smallest
     ** relative level number that contains at least nMin segments, if any.
     ** If one is found, set iAbsLevel to the absolute level number and
-    ** nSeg to nMin. If no level with at least nMin segments can be found, 
+    ** nSeg to nMin. If no level with at least nMin segments can be found,
     ** set nSeg to -1.
     */
     rc = fts3SqlStmt(p, SQL_FIND_MERGE_LEVEL, &pFindLevel, 0);
@@ -172270,7 +182884,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Incrmerge(Fts3Table *p, int nMerge, int nMin){
 
     /* If the hint read from the %_stat table is not empty, check if the
     ** last entry in it specifies a relative level smaller than or equal
-    ** to the level identified by the block above (if any). If so, this 
+    ** to the level identified by the block above (if any). If so, this
     ** iteration of the loop will work on merging at the hinted level.
     */
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && hint.n ){
@@ -172280,8 +182894,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Incrmerge(Fts3Table *p, int nMerge, int nMin){
 
       rc = fts3IncrmergeHintPop(&hint, &iHintAbsLevel, &nHintSeg);
       if( nSeg<0 || (iAbsLevel % nMod) >= (iHintAbsLevel % nMod) ){
+        /* Based on the scan in the block above, it is known that there
+        ** are no levels with a relative level smaller than that of
+        ** iAbsLevel with more than nSeg segments, or if nSeg is -1,
+        ** no levels with more than nMin segments. Use this to limit the
+        ** value of nHintSeg to avoid a large memory allocation in case the
+        ** merge-hint is corrupt*/
         iAbsLevel = iHintAbsLevel;
-        nSeg = nHintSeg;
+        nSeg = MIN(MAX(nMin,nSeg), nHintSeg);
         bUseHint = 1;
         bDirtyHint = 1;
       }else{
@@ -172294,13 +182914,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Incrmerge(Fts3Table *p, int nMerge, int nMin){
     /* If nSeg is less that zero, then there is no level with at least
     ** nMin segments and no hint in the %_stat table. No work to do.
     ** Exit early in this case.  */
-    if( nSeg<0 ) break;
+    if( nSeg<=0 ) break;
+
+    assert( nMod<=0x7FFFFFFF );
+    if( iAbsLevel<0 || iAbsLevel>(nMod<<32) ){
+      rc = FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+      break;
+    }
 
-    /* Open a cursor to iterate through the contents of the oldest nSeg 
-    ** indexes of absolute level iAbsLevel. If this cursor is opened using 
+    /* Open a cursor to iterate through the contents of the oldest nSeg
+    ** indexes of absolute level iAbsLevel. If this cursor is opened using
     ** the 'hint' parameters, it is possible that there are less than nSeg
     ** segments available in level iAbsLevel. In this case, no work is
-    ** done on iAbsLevel - fall through to the next iteration of the loop 
+    ** done on iAbsLevel - fall through to the next iteration of the loop
     ** to start work on some other level.  */
     memset(pWriter, 0, nAlloc);
     pFilter->flags = FTS3_SEGMENT_REQUIRE_POS;
@@ -172322,8 +182948,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Incrmerge(Fts3Table *p, int nMerge, int nMin){
     }
     if( SQLITE_OK==rc && pCsr->nSegment==nSeg
      && SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStart(p, pCsr, pFilter))
-     && SQLITE_ROW==(rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStep(p, pCsr))
     ){
+      int bEmpty = 0;
+      rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStep(p, pCsr);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        bEmpty = 1;
+      }else if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ){
+        sqlite3Fts3SegReaderFinish(pCsr);
+        break;
+      }
       if( bUseHint && iIdx>0 ){
         const char *zKey = pCsr->zTerm;
         int nKey = pCsr->nTerm;
@@ -172334,11 +182967,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Incrmerge(Fts3Table *p, int nMerge, int nMin){
 
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pWriter->nLeafEst ){
         fts3LogMerge(nSeg, iAbsLevel);
-        do {
-          rc = fts3IncrmergeAppend(p, pWriter, pCsr);
-          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStep(p, pCsr);
-          if( pWriter->nWork>=nRem && rc==SQLITE_ROW ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
-        }while( rc==SQLITE_ROW );
+        if( bEmpty==0 ){
+          do {
+            rc = fts3IncrmergeAppend(p, pWriter, pCsr);
+            if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3Fts3SegReaderStep(p, pCsr);
+            if( pWriter->nWork>=nRem && rc==SQLITE_ROW ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
+          }while( rc==SQLITE_ROW );
+        }
 
         /* Update or delete the input segments */
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -172379,7 +183014,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Incrmerge(Fts3Table *p, int nMerge, int nMin){
 ** the integer.
 **
 ** This function used for parameters to merge= and incrmerge=
-** commands. 
+** commands.
 */
 static int fts3Getint(const char **pz){
   const char *z = *pz;
@@ -172403,7 +183038,7 @@ static int fts3DoIncrmerge(
   const char *zParam              /* Nul-terminated string containing "A,B" */
 ){
   int rc;
-  int nMin = (FTS3_MERGE_COUNT / 2);
+  int nMin = (MergeCount(p) / 2);
   int nMerge = 0;
   const char *z = zParam;
 
@@ -172448,7 +183083,7 @@ static int fts3DoAutoincrmerge(
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
   p->nAutoincrmerge = fts3Getint(&zParam);
-  if( p->nAutoincrmerge==1 || p->nAutoincrmerge>FTS3_MERGE_COUNT ){
+  if( p->nAutoincrmerge==1 || p->nAutoincrmerge>MergeCount(p) ){
     p->nAutoincrmerge = 8;
   }
   if( !p->bHasStat ){
@@ -172531,12 +183166,12 @@ static u64 fts3ChecksumIndex(
 
       i64 iDocid = 0;
       i64 iCol = 0;
-      i64 iPos = 0;
+      u64 iPos = 0;
 
       pCsr += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(pCsr, &iDocid);
       while( pCsr<pEnd ){
-        i64 iVal = 0;
-        pCsr += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(pCsr, &iVal);
+        u64 iVal = 0;
+        pCsr += sqlite3Fts3GetVarintU(pCsr, &iVal);
         if( pCsr<pEnd ){
           if( iVal==0 || iVal==1 ){
             iCol = 0;
@@ -172544,8 +183179,12 @@ static u64 fts3ChecksumIndex(
             if( iVal ){
               pCsr += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(pCsr, &iCol);
             }else{
-              pCsr += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(pCsr, &iVal);
-              iDocid += iVal;
+              pCsr += sqlite3Fts3GetVarintU(pCsr, &iVal);
+              if( p->bDescIdx ){
+                iDocid = (i64)((u64)iDocid - iVal);
+              }else{
+                iDocid = (i64)((u64)iDocid + iVal);
+              }
             }
           }else{
             iPos += (iVal - 2);
@@ -172570,7 +183209,7 @@ static u64 fts3ChecksumIndex(
 ** to true and return SQLITE_OK. Or if the contents do not match, set *pbOk
 ** to false before returning.
 **
-** If an error occurs (e.g. an OOM or IO error), return an SQLite error 
+** If an error occurs (e.g. an OOM or IO error), return an SQLite error
 ** code. The final value of *pbOk is undefined in this case.
 */
 static int fts3IntegrityCheck(Fts3Table *p, int *pbOk){
@@ -172601,7 +183240,7 @@ static int fts3IntegrityCheck(Fts3Table *p, int *pbOk){
     sqlite3_tokenizer_module const *pModule = p->pTokenizer->pModule;
     sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
     char *zSql;
-   
+
     zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT %s" , p->zReadExprlist);
     if( !zSql ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -172618,10 +183257,9 @@ static int fts3IntegrityCheck(Fts3Table *p, int *pbOk){
       for(iCol=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && iCol<p->nColumn; iCol++){
         if( p->abNotindexed[iCol]==0 ){
           const char *zText = (const char *)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, iCol+1);
-          int nText = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, iCol+1);
           sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pT = 0;
 
-          rc = sqlite3Fts3OpenTokenizer(p->pTokenizer, iLang, zText, nText,&pT);
+          rc = sqlite3Fts3OpenTokenizer(p->pTokenizer, iLang, zText, -1, &pT);
           while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
             char const *zToken;       /* Buffer containing token */
             int nToken = 0;           /* Number of bytes in token */
@@ -172661,7 +183299,7 @@ static int fts3IntegrityCheck(Fts3Table *p, int *pbOk){
 ** the FTS index are correct, return SQLITE_OK. Or, if the contents of the
 ** FTS index are incorrect, return SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB.
 **
-** Or, if an error (e.g. an OOM or IO error) occurs, return an SQLite 
+** Or, if an error (e.g. an OOM or IO error) occurs, return an SQLite
 ** error code.
 **
 ** The integrity-check works as follows. For each token and indexed token
@@ -172670,7 +183308,7 @@ static int fts3IntegrityCheck(Fts3Table *p, int *pbOk){
 **
 **     + The index number (0 for the main index, 1 for the first prefix
 **       index etc.),
-**     + The token (or token prefix) text itself, 
+**     + The token (or token prefix) text itself,
 **     + The language-id of the row it appears in,
 **     + The docid of the row it appears in,
 **     + The column it appears in, and
@@ -172681,7 +183319,7 @@ static int fts3IntegrityCheck(Fts3Table *p, int *pbOk){
 **
 ** The integrity-check code calculates the same checksum in two ways:
 **
-**     1. By scanning the contents of the FTS index, and 
+**     1. By scanning the contents of the FTS index, and
 **     2. By scanning and tokenizing the content table.
 **
 ** If the two checksums are identical, the integrity-check is deemed to have
@@ -172702,11 +183340,11 @@ static int fts3DoIntegrityCheck(
 **
 **   "INSERT INTO tbl(tbl) VALUES(<expr>)"
 **
-** Argument pVal contains the result of <expr>. Currently the only 
+** Argument pVal contains the result of <expr>. Currently the only
 ** meaningful value to insert is the text 'optimize'.
 */
 static int fts3SpecialInsert(Fts3Table *p, sqlite3_value *pVal){
-  int rc;                         /* Return Code */
+  int rc = SQLITE_ERROR;           /* Return Code */
   const char *zVal = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
   int nVal = sqlite3_value_bytes(pVal);
 
@@ -172722,21 +183360,27 @@ static int fts3SpecialInsert(Fts3Table *p, sqlite3_value *pVal){
     rc = fts3DoIncrmerge(p, &zVal[6]);
   }else if( nVal>10 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "automerge=", 10) ){
     rc = fts3DoAutoincrmerge(p, &zVal[10]);
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  }else if( nVal>9 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "nodesize=", 9) ){
-    p->nNodeSize = atoi(&zVal[9]);
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }else if( nVal>11 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "maxpending=", 9) ){
-    p->nMaxPendingData = atoi(&zVal[11]);
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }else if( nVal>21 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "test-no-incr-doclist=", 21) ){
-    p->bNoIncrDoclist = atoi(&zVal[21]);
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-#endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
   }else{
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    int v;
+    if( nVal>9 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "nodesize=", 9) ){
+      v = atoi(&zVal[9]);
+      if( v>=24 && v<=p->nPgsz-35 ) p->nNodeSize = v;
+      rc = SQLITE_OK;
+    }else if( nVal>11 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "maxpending=", 9) ){
+      v = atoi(&zVal[11]);
+      if( v>=64 && v<=FTS3_MAX_PENDING_DATA ) p->nMaxPendingData = v;
+      rc = SQLITE_OK;
+    }else if( nVal>21 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal,"test-no-incr-doclist=",21) ){
+      p->bNoIncrDoclist = atoi(&zVal[21]);
+      rc = SQLITE_OK;
+    }else if( nVal>11 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal,"mergecount=",11) ){
+      v = atoi(&zVal[11]);
+      if( v>=4 && v<=FTS3_MERGE_COUNT && (v&1)==0 ) p->nMergeCount = v;
+      rc = SQLITE_OK;
+    }
+#endif
   }
-
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -172754,7 +183398,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3FreeDeferredDoclists(Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
 }
 
 /*
-** Free all entries in the pCsr->pDeffered list. Entries are added to 
+** Free all entries in the pCsr->pDeffered list. Entries are added to
 ** this list using sqlite3Fts3DeferToken().
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3FreeDeferredTokens(Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
@@ -172782,14 +183426,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3CacheDeferredDoclists(Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
     int i;                        /* Used to iterate through table columns */
     sqlite3_int64 iDocid;         /* Docid of the row pCsr points to */
     Fts3DeferredToken *pDef;      /* Used to iterate through deferred tokens */
-  
+
     Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table *)pCsr->base.pVtab;
     sqlite3_tokenizer *pT = p->pTokenizer;
     sqlite3_tokenizer_module const *pModule = pT->pModule;
-   
+
     assert( pCsr->isRequireSeek==0 );
     iDocid = sqlite3_column_int64(pCsr->pStmt, 0);
-  
+
     for(i=0; i<p->nColumn && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
       if( p->abNotindexed[i]==0 ){
         const char *zText = (const char *)sqlite3_column_text(pCsr->pStmt, i+1);
@@ -172830,8 +183474,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3CacheDeferredDoclists(Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
 }
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3DeferredTokenList(
-  Fts3DeferredToken *p, 
-  char **ppData, 
+  Fts3DeferredToken *p,
+  char **ppData,
   int *pnData
 ){
   char *pRet;
@@ -172851,7 +183495,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3DeferredTokenList(
   nSkip = sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(p->pList->aData, &dummy);
   *pnData = p->pList->nData - nSkip;
   *ppData = pRet;
-  
+
   memcpy(pRet, &p->pList->aData[nSkip], *pnData);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -172871,7 +183515,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3DeferToken(
   }
   memset(pDeferred, 0, sizeof(*pDeferred));
   pDeferred->pToken = pToken;
-  pDeferred->pNext = pCsr->pDeferred; 
+  pDeferred->pNext = pCsr->pDeferred;
   pDeferred->iCol = iCol;
   pCsr->pDeferred = pDeferred;
 
@@ -172888,8 +183532,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3DeferToken(
 ** of subsiduary data structures accordingly.
 */
 static int fts3DeleteByRowid(
-  Fts3Table *p, 
-  sqlite3_value *pRowid, 
+  Fts3Table *p,
+  sqlite3_value *pRowid,
   int *pnChng,                    /* IN/OUT: Decrement if row is deleted */
   u32 *aSzDel
 ){
@@ -172927,14 +183571,14 @@ static int fts3DeleteByRowid(
 ** This function does the work for the xUpdate method of FTS3 virtual
 ** tables. The schema of the virtual table being:
 **
-**     CREATE TABLE <table name>( 
+**     CREATE TABLE <table name>(
 **       <user columns>,
-**       <table name> HIDDEN, 
-**       docid HIDDEN, 
+**       <table name> HIDDEN,
+**       docid HIDDEN,
 **       <langid> HIDDEN
 **     );
 **
-** 
+**
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3UpdateMethod(
   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,            /* FTS3 vtab object */
@@ -172954,7 +183598,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3UpdateMethod(
   assert( p->bHasStat==0 || p->bHasStat==1 );
 
   assert( p->pSegments==0 );
-  assert( 
+  assert(
       nArg==1                     /* DELETE operations */
    || nArg==(2 + p->nColumn + 3)  /* INSERT or UPDATE operations */
   );
@@ -172963,9 +183607,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3UpdateMethod(
   **
   **   INSERT INTO xyz(xyz) VALUES('command');
   */
-  if( nArg>1 
-   && sqlite3_value_type(apVal[0])==SQLITE_NULL 
-   && sqlite3_value_type(apVal[p->nColumn+2])!=SQLITE_NULL 
+  if( nArg>1
+   && sqlite3_value_type(apVal[0])==SQLITE_NULL
+   && sqlite3_value_type(apVal[p->nColumn+2])!=SQLITE_NULL
   ){
     rc = fts3SpecialInsert(p, apVal[p->nColumn+2]);
     goto update_out;
@@ -172977,7 +183621,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3UpdateMethod(
   }
 
   /* Allocate space to hold the change in document sizes */
-  aSzDel = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(aSzDel[0])*(p->nColumn+1)*2 );
+  aSzDel = sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(aSzDel[0])*((sqlite3_int64)p->nColumn+1)*2);
   if( aSzDel==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     goto update_out;
@@ -173004,24 +183648,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3UpdateMethod(
       pNewRowid = apVal[1];
     }
 
-    if( sqlite3_value_type(pNewRowid)!=SQLITE_NULL && ( 
+    if( sqlite3_value_type(pNewRowid)!=SQLITE_NULL && (
         sqlite3_value_type(apVal[0])==SQLITE_NULL
      || sqlite3_value_int64(apVal[0])!=sqlite3_value_int64(pNewRowid)
     )){
       /* The new rowid is not NULL (in this case the rowid will be
-      ** automatically assigned and there is no chance of a conflict), and 
+      ** automatically assigned and there is no chance of a conflict), and
       ** the statement is either an INSERT or an UPDATE that modifies the
       ** rowid column. So if the conflict mode is REPLACE, then delete any
-      ** existing row with rowid=pNewRowid. 
+      ** existing row with rowid=pNewRowid.
       **
-      ** Or, if the conflict mode is not REPLACE, insert the new record into 
+      ** Or, if the conflict mode is not REPLACE, insert the new record into
       ** the %_content table. If we hit the duplicate rowid constraint (or any
       ** other error) while doing so, return immediately.
       **
       ** This branch may also run if pNewRowid contains a value that cannot
-      ** be losslessly converted to an integer. In this case, the eventual 
+      ** be losslessly converted to an integer. In this case, the eventual
       ** call to fts3InsertData() (either just below or further on in this
-      ** function) will return SQLITE_MISMATCH. If fts3DeleteByRowid is 
+      ** function) will return SQLITE_MISMATCH. If fts3DeleteByRowid is
       ** invoked, it will delete zero rows (since no row will have
       ** docid=$pNewRowid if $pNewRowid is not an integer value).
       */
@@ -173042,7 +183686,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3UpdateMethod(
     assert( sqlite3_value_type(apVal[0])==SQLITE_INTEGER );
     rc = fts3DeleteByRowid(p, apVal[0], &nChng, aSzDel);
   }
-  
+
   /* If this is an INSERT or UPDATE operation, insert the new record. */
   if( nArg>1 && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     int iLangid = sqlite3_value_int(apVal[2 + p->nColumn + 2]);
@@ -173075,10 +183719,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3UpdateMethod(
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Flush any data in the pending-terms hash table to disk. If successful,
-** merge all segments in the database (including the new segment, if 
-** there was any data to flush) into a single segment. 
+** merge all segments in the database (including the new segment, if
+** there was any data to flush) into a single segment.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Optimize(Fts3Table *p){
   int rc;
@@ -173134,7 +183778,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3Optimize(Fts3Table *p){
 #define FTS3_MATCHINFO_LHITS_BM  'b'        /* nCol*nPhrase values */
 
 /*
-** The default value for the second argument to matchinfo(). 
+** The default value for the second argument to matchinfo().
 */
 #define FTS3_MATCHINFO_DEFAULT   "pcx"
 
@@ -173151,7 +183795,7 @@ struct LoadDoclistCtx {
 };
 
 /*
-** The following types are used as part of the implementation of the 
+** The following types are used as part of the implementation of the
 ** fts3BestSnippet() routine.
 */
 typedef struct SnippetIter SnippetIter;
@@ -173184,7 +183828,7 @@ struct SnippetFragment {
 };
 
 /*
-** This type is used as an fts3ExprIterate() context object while 
+** This type is used as an fts3ExprIterate() context object while
 ** accumulating the data returned by the matchinfo() function.
 */
 typedef struct MatchInfo MatchInfo;
@@ -173231,17 +183875,19 @@ struct StrBuffer {
 /*
 ** Allocate a two-slot MatchinfoBuffer object.
 */
-static MatchinfoBuffer *fts3MIBufferNew(int nElem, const char *zMatchinfo){
+static MatchinfoBuffer *fts3MIBufferNew(size_t nElem, const char *zMatchinfo){
   MatchinfoBuffer *pRet;
-  int nByte = sizeof(u32) * (2*nElem + 1) + sizeof(MatchinfoBuffer);
-  int nStr = (int)strlen(zMatchinfo);
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(u32) * (2*(sqlite3_int64)nElem + 1)
+                           + sizeof(MatchinfoBuffer);
+  sqlite3_int64 nStr = strlen(zMatchinfo);
 
-  pRet = sqlite3_malloc(nByte + nStr+1);
+  pRet = sqlite3_malloc64(nByte + nStr+1);
   if( pRet ){
     memset(pRet, 0, nByte);
     pRet->aMatchinfo[0] = (u8*)(&pRet->aMatchinfo[1]) - (u8*)pRet;
-    pRet->aMatchinfo[1+nElem] = pRet->aMatchinfo[0] + sizeof(u32)*(nElem+1);
-    pRet->nElem = nElem;
+    pRet->aMatchinfo[1+nElem] = pRet->aMatchinfo[0]
+                                      + sizeof(u32)*((int)nElem+1);
+    pRet->nElem = (int)nElem;
     pRet->zMatchinfo = ((char*)pRet) + nByte;
     memcpy(pRet->zMatchinfo, zMatchinfo, nStr+1);
     pRet->aRef[0] = 1;
@@ -173253,8 +183899,8 @@ static MatchinfoBuffer *fts3MIBufferNew(int nElem, const char *zMatchinfo){
 static void fts3MIBufferFree(void *p){
   MatchinfoBuffer *pBuf = (MatchinfoBuffer*)((u8*)p - ((u32*)p)[-1]);
 
-  assert( (u32*)p==&pBuf->aMatchinfo[1] 
-       || (u32*)p==&pBuf->aMatchinfo[pBuf->nElem+2] 
+  assert( (u32*)p==&pBuf->aMatchinfo[1]
+       || (u32*)p==&pBuf->aMatchinfo[pBuf->nElem+2]
   );
   if( (u32*)p==&pBuf->aMatchinfo[1] ){
     pBuf->aRef[1] = 0;
@@ -173281,7 +183927,7 @@ static void (*fts3MIBufferAlloc(MatchinfoBuffer *p, u32 **paOut))(void*){
     aOut = &p->aMatchinfo[p->nElem+2];
     xRet = fts3MIBufferFree;
   }else{
-    aOut = (u32*)sqlite3_malloc(p->nElem * sizeof(u32));
+    aOut = (u32*)sqlite3_malloc64(p->nElem * sizeof(u32));
     if( aOut ){
       xRet = sqlite3_free;
       if( p->bGlobal ) memcpy(aOut, &p->aMatchinfo[1], p->nElem*sizeof(u32));
@@ -173310,7 +183956,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3MIBufferFree(MatchinfoBuffer *p){
   }
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** End of MatchinfoBuffer code.
 *************************************************************************/
 
@@ -173371,7 +184017,7 @@ static int fts3ExprIterate2(
 ** are part of a sub-tree that is the right-hand-side of a NOT operator.
 ** For each phrase node found, the supplied callback function is invoked.
 **
-** If the callback function returns anything other than SQLITE_OK, 
+** If the callback function returns anything other than SQLITE_OK,
 ** the iteration is abandoned and the error code returned immediately.
 ** Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is returned after a callback has been made for
 ** all eligible phrase nodes.
@@ -173406,11 +184052,11 @@ static int fts3ExprLoadDoclistsCb(Fts3Expr *pExpr, int iPhrase, void *ctx){
 
 /*
 ** Load the doclists for each phrase in the query associated with FTS3 cursor
-** pCsr. 
+** pCsr.
 **
-** If pnPhrase is not NULL, then *pnPhrase is set to the number of matchable 
-** phrases in the expression (all phrases except those directly or 
-** indirectly descended from the right-hand-side of a NOT operator). If 
+** If pnPhrase is not NULL, then *pnPhrase is set to the number of matchable
+** phrases in the expression (all phrases except those directly or
+** indirectly descended from the right-hand-side of a NOT operator). If
 ** pnToken is not NULL, then it is set to the number of tokens in all
 ** matchable phrases of the expression.
 */
@@ -173440,7 +184086,7 @@ static int fts3ExprPhraseCount(Fts3Expr *pExpr){
 }
 
 /*
-** Advance the position list iterator specified by the first two 
+** Advance the position list iterator specified by the first two
 ** arguments so that it points to the first element with a value greater
 ** than or equal to parameter iNext.
 */
@@ -173509,7 +184155,7 @@ static int fts3SnippetNextCandidate(SnippetIter *pIter){
 }
 
 /*
-** Retrieve information about the current candidate snippet of snippet 
+** Retrieve information about the current candidate snippet of snippet
 ** iterator pIter.
 */
 static void fts3SnippetDetails(
@@ -173532,11 +184178,12 @@ static void fts3SnippetDetails(
       char *pCsr = pPhrase->pTail;
       int iCsr = pPhrase->iTail;
 
-      while( iCsr<(iStart+pIter->nSnippet) ){
+      while( iCsr<(iStart+pIter->nSnippet) && iCsr>=iStart ){
         int j;
-        u64 mPhrase = (u64)1 << i;
+        u64 mPhrase = (u64)1 << (i%64);
         u64 mPos = (u64)1 << (iCsr - iStart);
-        assert( iCsr>=iStart );
+        assert( iCsr>=iStart && (iCsr - iStart)<=64 );
+        assert( i>=0 );
         if( (mCover|mCovered)&mPhrase ){
           iScore++;
         }else{
@@ -173578,14 +184225,17 @@ static int fts3SnippetFindPositions(Fts3Expr *pExpr, int iPhrase, void *ctx){
     int iFirst = 0;
     pPhrase->pList = pCsr;
     fts3GetDeltaPosition(&pCsr, &iFirst);
-    assert( iFirst>=0 );
-    pPhrase->pHead = pCsr;
-    pPhrase->pTail = pCsr;
-    pPhrase->iHead = iFirst;
-    pPhrase->iTail = iFirst;
+    if( iFirst<0 ){
+      rc = FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+    }else{
+      pPhrase->pHead = pCsr;
+      pPhrase->pTail = pCsr;
+      pPhrase->iHead = iFirst;
+      pPhrase->iTail = iFirst;
+    }
   }else{
     assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || (
-       pPhrase->pList==0 && pPhrase->pHead==0 && pPhrase->pTail==0 
+       pPhrase->pList==0 && pPhrase->pHead==0 && pPhrase->pTail==0
     ));
   }
 
@@ -173593,14 +184243,14 @@ static int fts3SnippetFindPositions(Fts3Expr *pExpr, int iPhrase, void *ctx){
 }
 
 /*
-** Select the fragment of text consisting of nFragment contiguous tokens 
+** Select the fragment of text consisting of nFragment contiguous tokens
 ** from column iCol that represent the "best" snippet. The best snippet
 ** is the snippet with the highest score, where scores are calculated
 ** by adding:
 **
 **   (a) +1 point for each occurrence of a matchable phrase in the snippet.
 **
-**   (b) +1000 points for the first occurrence of each matchable phrase in 
+**   (b) +1000 points for the first occurrence of each matchable phrase in
 **       the snippet for which the corresponding mCovered bit is not set.
 **
 ** The selected snippet parameters are stored in structure *pFragment before
@@ -173619,7 +184269,7 @@ static int fts3BestSnippet(
   int rc;                         /* Return Code */
   int nList;                      /* Number of phrases in expression */
   SnippetIter sIter;              /* Iterates through snippet candidates */
-  int nByte;                      /* Number of bytes of space to allocate */
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte;            /* Number of bytes of space to allocate */
   int iBestScore = -1;            /* Best snippet score found so far */
   int i;                          /* Loop counter */
 
@@ -173637,7 +184287,7 @@ static int fts3BestSnippet(
   ** the required space using malloc().
   */
   nByte = sizeof(SnippetPhrase) * nList;
-  sIter.aPhrase = (SnippetPhrase *)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+  sIter.aPhrase = (SnippetPhrase *)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
   if( !sIter.aPhrase ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
@@ -173657,11 +184307,11 @@ static int fts3BestSnippet(
     /* Set the *pmSeen output variable. */
     for(i=0; i<nList; i++){
       if( sIter.aPhrase[i].pHead ){
-        *pmSeen |= (u64)1 << i;
+        *pmSeen |= (u64)1 << (i%64);
       }
     }
 
-    /* Loop through all candidate snippets. Store the best snippet in 
+    /* Loop through all candidate snippets. Store the best snippet in
      ** *pFragment. Store its associated 'score' in iBestScore.
      */
     pFragment->iCol = iCol;
@@ -173707,8 +184357,8 @@ static int fts3StringAppend(
   ** appended data.
   */
   if( pStr->n+nAppend+1>=pStr->nAlloc ){
-    int nAlloc = pStr->nAlloc+nAppend+100;
-    char *zNew = sqlite3_realloc(pStr->z, nAlloc);
+    sqlite3_int64 nAlloc = pStr->nAlloc+(sqlite3_int64)nAppend+100;
+    char *zNew = sqlite3_realloc64(pStr->z, nAlloc);
     if( !zNew ){
       return SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }
@@ -173733,8 +184383,8 @@ static int fts3StringAppend(
 **
 **     ........X.....X
 **
-** This function "shifts" the beginning of the snippet forward in the 
-** document so that there are approximately the same number of 
+** This function "shifts" the beginning of the snippet forward in the
+** document so that there are approximately the same number of
 ** non-highlighted terms to the right of the final highlighted term as there
 ** are to the left of the first highlighted term. For example, to this:
 **
@@ -173742,8 +184392,8 @@ static int fts3StringAppend(
 **
 ** This is done as part of extracting the snippet text, not when selecting
 ** the snippet. Snippet selection is done based on doclists only, so there
-** is no way for fts3BestSnippet() to know whether or not the document 
-** actually contains terms that follow the final highlighted term. 
+** is no way for fts3BestSnippet() to know whether or not the document
+** actually contains terms that follow the final highlighted term.
 */
 static int fts3SnippetShift(
   Fts3Table *pTab,                /* FTS3 table snippet comes from */
@@ -173763,6 +184413,7 @@ static int fts3SnippetShift(
 
     for(nLeft=0; !(hlmask & ((u64)1 << nLeft)); nLeft++);
     for(nRight=0; !(hlmask & ((u64)1 << (nSnippet-1-nRight))); nRight++);
+    assert( (nSnippet-1-nRight)<=63 && (nSnippet-1-nRight)>=0 );
     nDesired = (nLeft-nRight)/2;
 
     /* Ideally, the start of the snippet should be pushed forward in the
@@ -173832,7 +184483,7 @@ static int fts3SnippetText(
   int iCol = pFragment->iCol+1;   /* Query column to extract text from */
   sqlite3_tokenizer_module *pMod; /* Tokenizer module methods object */
   sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pC;   /* Tokenizer cursor open on zDoc/nDoc */
-  
+
   zDoc = (const char *)sqlite3_column_text(pCsr->pStmt, iCol);
   if( zDoc==0 ){
     if( sqlite3_column_type(pCsr->pStmt, iCol)!=SQLITE_NULL ){
@@ -173872,7 +184523,7 @@ static int fts3SnippetText(
       if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
         /* Special case - the last token of the snippet is also the last token
         ** of the column. Append any punctuation that occurred between the end
-        ** of the previous token and the end of the document to the output. 
+        ** of the previous token and the end of the document to the output.
         ** Then break out of the loop. */
         rc = fts3StringAppend(pOut, &zDoc[iEnd], -1);
       }
@@ -173889,7 +184540,7 @@ static int fts3SnippetText(
 
       /* Now that the shift has been done, check if the initial "..." are
       ** required. They are required if (a) this is not the first fragment,
-      ** or (b) this fragment does not begin at position 0 of its column. 
+      ** or (b) this fragment does not begin at position 0 of its column.
       */
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         if( iPos>0 || iFragment>0 ){
@@ -173925,8 +184576,8 @@ static int fts3SnippetText(
 
 
 /*
-** This function is used to count the entries in a column-list (a 
-** delta-encoded list of term offsets within a single column of a single 
+** This function is used to count the entries in a column-list (a
+** delta-encoded list of term offsets within a single column of a single
 ** row). When this function is called, *ppCollist should point to the
 ** beginning of the first varint in the column-list (the varint that
 ** contains the position of the first matching term in the column data).
@@ -173955,7 +184606,7 @@ static int fts3ColumnlistCount(char **ppCollist){
 /*
 ** This function gathers 'y' or 'b' data for a single phrase.
 */
-static void fts3ExprLHits(
+static int fts3ExprLHits(
   Fts3Expr *pExpr,                /* Phrase expression node */
   MatchInfo *p                    /* Matchinfo context */
 ){
@@ -173972,7 +184623,7 @@ static void fts3ExprLHits(
     iStart = pExpr->iPhrase * ((p->nCol + 31) / 32);
   }
 
-  while( 1 ){
+  if( pIter ) while( 1 ){
     int nHit = fts3ColumnlistCount(&pIter);
     if( (pPhrase->iColumn>=pTab->nColumn || pPhrase->iColumn==iCol) ){
       if( p->flag==FTS3_MATCHINFO_LHITS ){
@@ -173985,34 +184636,38 @@ static void fts3ExprLHits(
     if( *pIter!=0x01 ) break;
     pIter++;
     pIter += fts3GetVarint32(pIter, &iCol);
+    if( iCol>=p->nCol ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
   }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Gather the results for matchinfo directives 'y' and 'b'.
 */
-static void fts3ExprLHitGather(
+static int fts3ExprLHitGather(
   Fts3Expr *pExpr,
   MatchInfo *p
 ){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   assert( (pExpr->pLeft==0)==(pExpr->pRight==0) );
   if( pExpr->bEof==0 && pExpr->iDocid==p->pCursor->iPrevId ){
     if( pExpr->pLeft ){
-      fts3ExprLHitGather(pExpr->pLeft, p);
-      fts3ExprLHitGather(pExpr->pRight, p);
+      rc = fts3ExprLHitGather(pExpr->pLeft, p);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = fts3ExprLHitGather(pExpr->pRight, p);
     }else{
-      fts3ExprLHits(pExpr, p);
+      rc = fts3ExprLHits(pExpr, p);
     }
   }
+  return rc;
 }
 
 /*
 ** fts3ExprIterate() callback used to collect the "global" matchinfo stats
-** for a single query. 
+** for a single query.
 **
 ** fts3ExprIterate() callback to load the 'global' elements of a
-** FTS3_MATCHINFO_HITS matchinfo array. The global stats are those elements 
-** of the matchinfo array that are constant for all rows returned by the 
+** FTS3_MATCHINFO_HITS matchinfo array. The global stats are those elements
+** of the matchinfo array that are constant for all rows returned by the
 ** current query.
 **
 ** Argument pCtx is actually a pointer to a struct of type MatchInfo. This
@@ -174028,7 +184683,7 @@ static void fts3ExprLHitGather(
 ** at least one instance of phrase iPhrase.
 **
 ** If the phrase pExpr consists entirely of deferred tokens, then all X and
-** Y values are set to nDoc, where nDoc is the number of documents in the 
+** Y values are set to nDoc, where nDoc is the number of documents in the
 ** file system. This is done because the full-text index doclist is required
 ** to calculate these values properly, and the full-text index doclist is
 ** not available for deferred tokens.
@@ -174046,7 +184701,7 @@ static int fts3ExprGlobalHitsCb(
 
 /*
 ** fts3ExprIterate() callback used to collect the "local" part of the
-** FTS3_MATCHINFO_HITS array. The local stats are those elements of the 
+** FTS3_MATCHINFO_HITS array. The local stats are those elements of the
 ** array that are different for each row returned by the query.
 */
 static int fts3ExprLocalHitsCb(
@@ -174073,7 +184728,7 @@ static int fts3ExprLocalHitsCb(
 }
 
 static int fts3MatchinfoCheck(
-  Fts3Table *pTab, 
+  Fts3Table *pTab,
   char cArg,
   char **pzErr
 ){
@@ -174093,13 +184748,13 @@ static int fts3MatchinfoCheck(
   return SQLITE_ERROR;
 }
 
-static int fts3MatchinfoSize(MatchInfo *pInfo, char cArg){
-  int nVal;                       /* Number of integers output by cArg */
+static size_t fts3MatchinfoSize(MatchInfo *pInfo, char cArg){
+  size_t nVal;                      /* Number of integers output by cArg */
 
   switch( cArg ){
     case FTS3_MATCHINFO_NDOC:
-    case FTS3_MATCHINFO_NPHRASE: 
-    case FTS3_MATCHINFO_NCOL: 
+    case FTS3_MATCHINFO_NPHRASE:
+    case FTS3_MATCHINFO_NCOL:
       nVal = 1;
       break;
 
@@ -174130,11 +184785,15 @@ static int fts3MatchinfoSelectDoctotal(
   Fts3Table *pTab,
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,
   sqlite3_int64 *pnDoc,
-  const char **paLen
+  const char **paLen,
+  const char **ppEnd
 ){
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
   const char *a;
+  const char *pEnd;
   sqlite3_int64 nDoc;
+  int n;
+
 
   if( !*ppStmt ){
     int rc = sqlite3Fts3SelectDoctotal(pTab, ppStmt);
@@ -174143,17 +184802,25 @@ static int fts3MatchinfoSelectDoctotal(
   pStmt = *ppStmt;
   assert( sqlite3_data_count(pStmt)==1 );
 
+  n = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 0);
   a = sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, 0);
-  a += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(a, &nDoc);
-  if( nDoc==0 ) return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
-  *pnDoc = (u32)nDoc;
+  if( a==0 ){
+    return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+  }
+  pEnd = a + n;
+  a += sqlite3Fts3GetVarintBounded(a, pEnd, &nDoc);
+  if( nDoc<=0 || a>pEnd ){
+    return FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+  }
+  *pnDoc = nDoc;
 
   if( paLen ) *paLen = a;
+  if( ppEnd ) *ppEnd = pEnd;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
-** An instance of the following structure is used to store state while 
+** An instance of the following structure is used to store state while
 ** iterating through a multi-column position-list corresponding to the
 ** hits for a single phrase on a single row in order to calculate the
 ** values for a matchinfo() FTS3_MATCHINFO_LCS request.
@@ -174166,7 +184833,7 @@ struct LcsIterator {
   int iPos;                       /* Current position */
 };
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** If LcsIterator.iCol is set to the following value, the iterator has
 ** finished iterating through all offsets for all columns.
 */
@@ -174203,16 +184870,16 @@ static int fts3LcsIteratorAdvance(LcsIterator *pIter){
   pIter->pRead = pRead;
   return rc;
 }
-  
+
 /*
-** This function implements the FTS3_MATCHINFO_LCS matchinfo() flag. 
+** This function implements the FTS3_MATCHINFO_LCS matchinfo() flag.
 **
 ** If the call is successful, the longest-common-substring lengths for each
-** column are written into the first nCol elements of the pInfo->aMatchinfo[] 
+** column are written into the first nCol elements of the pInfo->aMatchinfo[]
 ** array before returning. SQLITE_OK is returned in this case.
 **
 ** Otherwise, if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the
-** data written to the first nCol elements of pInfo->aMatchinfo[] is 
+** data written to the first nCol elements of pInfo->aMatchinfo[] is
 ** undefined.
 */
 static int fts3MatchinfoLcs(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, MatchInfo *pInfo){
@@ -174220,11 +184887,12 @@ static int fts3MatchinfoLcs(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, MatchInfo *pInfo){
   int i;
   int iCol;
   int nToken = 0;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
   /* Allocate and populate the array of LcsIterator objects. The array
   ** contains one element for each matchable phrase in the query.
   **/
-  aIter = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(LcsIterator) * pCsr->nPhrase);
+  aIter = sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(LcsIterator) * pCsr->nPhrase);
   if( !aIter ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   memset(aIter, 0, sizeof(LcsIterator) * pCsr->nPhrase);
   (void)fts3ExprIterate(pCsr->pExpr, fts3MatchinfoLcsCb, (void*)aIter);
@@ -174240,13 +184908,16 @@ static int fts3MatchinfoLcs(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, MatchInfo *pInfo){
     int nLive = 0;                /* Number of iterators in aIter not at EOF */
 
     for(i=0; i<pInfo->nPhrase; i++){
-      int rc;
       LcsIterator *pIt = &aIter[i];
       rc = sqlite3Fts3EvalPhrasePoslist(pCsr, pIt->pExpr, iCol, &pIt->pRead);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto matchinfo_lcs_out;
       if( pIt->pRead ){
         pIt->iPos = pIt->iPosOffset;
-        fts3LcsIteratorAdvance(&aIter[i]);
+        fts3LcsIteratorAdvance(pIt);
+        if( pIt->pRead==0 ){
+          rc = FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+          goto matchinfo_lcs_out;
+        }
         nLive++;
       }
     }
@@ -174278,13 +184949,14 @@ static int fts3MatchinfoLcs(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, MatchInfo *pInfo){
     pInfo->aMatchinfo[iCol] = nLcs;
   }
 
+ matchinfo_lcs_out:
   sqlite3_free(aIter);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+  return rc;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Populate the buffer pInfo->aMatchinfo[] with an array of integers to
-** be returned by the matchinfo() function. Argument zArg contains the 
+** be returned by the matchinfo() function. Argument zArg contains the
 ** format string passed as the second argument to matchinfo (or the
 ** default value "pcx" if no second argument was specified). The format
 ** string has already been validated and the pInfo->aMatchinfo[] array
@@ -174295,7 +184967,7 @@ static int fts3MatchinfoLcs(Fts3Cursor *pCsr, MatchInfo *pInfo){
 ** rows (i.e. FTS3_MATCHINFO_NPHRASE, NCOL, NDOC, AVGLENGTH and part of HITS)
 ** have already been populated.
 **
-** Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code if an error 
+** Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code if an error
 ** occurs. If a value other than SQLITE_OK is returned, the state the
 ** pInfo->aMatchinfo[] buffer is left in is undefined.
 */
@@ -174320,27 +184992,32 @@ static int fts3MatchinfoValues(
       case FTS3_MATCHINFO_NCOL:
         if( bGlobal ) pInfo->aMatchinfo[0] = pInfo->nCol;
         break;
-        
+
       case FTS3_MATCHINFO_NDOC:
         if( bGlobal ){
           sqlite3_int64 nDoc = 0;
-          rc = fts3MatchinfoSelectDoctotal(pTab, &pSelect, &nDoc, 0);
+          rc = fts3MatchinfoSelectDoctotal(pTab, &pSelect, &nDoc, 0, 0);
           pInfo->aMatchinfo[0] = (u32)nDoc;
         }
         break;
 
-      case FTS3_MATCHINFO_AVGLENGTH: 
+      case FTS3_MATCHINFO_AVGLENGTH:
         if( bGlobal ){
           sqlite3_int64 nDoc;     /* Number of rows in table */
           const char *a;          /* Aggregate column length array */
+          const char *pEnd;       /* First byte past end of length array */
 
-          rc = fts3MatchinfoSelectDoctotal(pTab, &pSelect, &nDoc, &a);
+          rc = fts3MatchinfoSelectDoctotal(pTab, &pSelect, &nDoc, &a, &pEnd);
           if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
             int iCol;
             for(iCol=0; iCol<pInfo->nCol; iCol++){
               u32 iVal;
               sqlite3_int64 nToken;
               a += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(a, &nToken);
+              if( a>pEnd ){
+                rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+                break;
+              }
               iVal = (u32)(((u32)(nToken&0xffffffff)+nDoc/2)/nDoc);
               pInfo->aMatchinfo[iCol] = iVal;
             }
@@ -174354,9 +185031,14 @@ static int fts3MatchinfoValues(
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           int iCol;
           const char *a = sqlite3_column_blob(pSelectDocsize, 0);
+          const char *pEnd = a + sqlite3_column_bytes(pSelectDocsize, 0);
           for(iCol=0; iCol<pInfo->nCol; iCol++){
             sqlite3_int64 nToken;
-            a += sqlite3Fts3GetVarint(a, &nToken);
+            a += sqlite3Fts3GetVarintBounded(a, pEnd, &nToken);
+            if( a>pEnd ){
+              rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+              break;
+            }
             pInfo->aMatchinfo[iCol] = (u32)nToken;
           }
         }
@@ -174373,9 +185055,9 @@ static int fts3MatchinfoValues(
 
       case FTS3_MATCHINFO_LHITS_BM:
       case FTS3_MATCHINFO_LHITS: {
-        int nZero = fts3MatchinfoSize(pInfo, zArg[i]) * sizeof(u32);
+        size_t nZero = fts3MatchinfoSize(pInfo, zArg[i]) * sizeof(u32);
         memset(pInfo->aMatchinfo, 0, nZero);
-        fts3ExprLHitGather(pCsr->pExpr, pInfo);
+        rc = fts3ExprLHitGather(pCsr->pExpr, pInfo);
         break;
       }
 
@@ -174387,7 +185069,7 @@ static int fts3MatchinfoValues(
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
         if( bGlobal ){
           if( pCsr->pDeferred ){
-            rc = fts3MatchinfoSelectDoctotal(pTab, &pSelect, &pInfo->nDoc, 0);
+            rc = fts3MatchinfoSelectDoctotal(pTab, &pSelect, &pInfo->nDoc,0,0);
             if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
           }
           rc = fts3ExprIterate(pExpr, fts3ExprGlobalHitsCb,(void*)pInfo);
@@ -174408,7 +185090,7 @@ static int fts3MatchinfoValues(
 
 
 /*
-** Populate pCsr->aMatchinfo[] with data for the current row. The 
+** Populate pCsr->aMatchinfo[] with data for the current row. The
 ** 'matchinfo' data is an array of 32-bit unsigned integers (C type u32).
 */
 static void fts3GetMatchinfo(
@@ -174428,8 +185110,8 @@ static void fts3GetMatchinfo(
   sInfo.pCursor = pCsr;
   sInfo.nCol = pTab->nColumn;
 
-  /* If there is cached matchinfo() data, but the format string for the 
-  ** cache does not match the format string for this request, discard 
+  /* If there is cached matchinfo() data, but the format string for the
+  ** cache does not match the format string for this request, discard
   ** the cached data. */
   if( pCsr->pMIBuffer && strcmp(pCsr->pMIBuffer->zMatchinfo, zArg) ){
     sqlite3Fts3MIBufferFree(pCsr->pMIBuffer);
@@ -174437,12 +185119,12 @@ static void fts3GetMatchinfo(
   }
 
   /* If Fts3Cursor.pMIBuffer is NULL, then this is the first time the
-  ** matchinfo function has been called for this query. In this case 
+  ** matchinfo function has been called for this query. In this case
   ** allocate the array used to accumulate the matchinfo data and
   ** initialize those elements that are constant for every row.
   */
   if( pCsr->pMIBuffer==0 ){
-    int nMatchinfo = 0;           /* Number of u32 elements in match-info */
+    size_t nMatchinfo = 0;        /* Number of u32 elements in match-info */
     int i;                        /* Used to iterate through zArg */
 
     /* Determine the number of phrases in the query */
@@ -174512,7 +185194,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Snippet(
 
   /* The returned text includes up to four fragments of text extracted from
   ** the data in the current row. The first iteration of the for(...) loop
-  ** below attempts to locate a single fragment of text nToken tokens in 
+  ** below attempts to locate a single fragment of text nToken tokens in
   ** size that contains at least one instance of all phrases in the query
   ** expression that appear in the current row. If such a fragment of text
   ** cannot be found, the second iteration of the loop attempts to locate
@@ -174527,6 +185209,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Snippet(
     return;
   }
 
+  /* Limit the snippet length to 64 tokens. */
+  if( nToken<-64 ) nToken = -64;
+  if( nToken>+64 ) nToken = +64;
+
   for(nSnippet=1; 1; nSnippet++){
 
     int iSnip;                    /* Loop counter 0..nSnippet-1 */
@@ -174579,7 +185265,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Snippet(
   assert( nFToken>0 );
 
   for(i=0; i<nSnippet && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
-    rc = fts3SnippetText(pCsr, &aSnippet[i], 
+    rc = fts3SnippetText(pCsr, &aSnippet[i],
         i, (i==nSnippet-1), nFToken, zStart, zEnd, zEllipsis, &res
     );
   }
@@ -174628,7 +185314,7 @@ static int fts3ExprTermOffsetInit(Fts3Expr *pExpr, int iPhrase, void *ctx){
   nTerm = pExpr->pPhrase->nToken;
   if( pList ){
     fts3GetDeltaPosition(&pList, &iPos);
-    assert( iPos>=0 );
+    assert_fts3_nc( iPos>=0 );
   }
 
   for(iTerm=0; iTerm<nTerm; iTerm++){
@@ -174669,7 +185355,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Offsets(
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto offsets_out;
 
   /* Allocate the array of TermOffset iterators. */
-  sCtx.aTerm = (TermOffset *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(TermOffset)*nToken);
+  sCtx.aTerm = (TermOffset *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(TermOffset)*nToken);
   if( 0==sCtx.aTerm ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     goto offsets_out;
@@ -174677,7 +185363,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Offsets(
   sCtx.iDocid = pCsr->iPrevId;
   sCtx.pCsr = pCsr;
 
-  /* Loop through the table columns, appending offset information to 
+  /* Loop through the table columns, appending offset information to
   ** string-buffer res for each column.
   */
   for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nColumn; iCol++){
@@ -174690,7 +185376,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Offsets(
     const char *zDoc;
     int nDoc;
 
-    /* Initialize the contents of sCtx.aTerm[] for column iCol. There is 
+    /* Initialize the contents of sCtx.aTerm[] for column iCol. There is
     ** no way that this operation can fail, so the return code from
     ** fts3ExprIterate() can be discarded.
     */
@@ -174698,11 +185384,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Offsets(
     sCtx.iTerm = 0;
     (void)fts3ExprIterate(pCsr->pExpr, fts3ExprTermOffsetInit, (void*)&sCtx);
 
-    /* Retreive the text stored in column iCol. If an SQL NULL is stored 
+    /* Retreive the text stored in column iCol. If an SQL NULL is stored
     ** in column iCol, jump immediately to the next iteration of the loop.
     ** If an OOM occurs while retrieving the data (this can happen if SQLite
-    ** needs to transform the data from utf-16 to utf-8), return SQLITE_NOMEM 
-    ** to the caller. 
+    ** needs to transform the data from utf-16 to utf-8), return SQLITE_NOMEM
+    ** to the caller.
     */
     zDoc = (const char *)sqlite3_column_text(pCsr->pStmt, iCol+1);
     nDoc = sqlite3_column_bytes(pCsr->pStmt, iCol+1);
@@ -174738,7 +185424,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Offsets(
         /* All offsets for this column have been gathered. */
         rc = SQLITE_DONE;
       }else{
-        assert( iCurrent<=iMinPos );
+        assert_fts3_nc( iCurrent<=iMinPos );
         if( 0==(0xFE&*pTerm->pList) ){
           pTerm->pList = 0;
         }else{
@@ -174749,7 +185435,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3Offsets(
         }
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           char aBuffer[64];
-          sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(aBuffer), aBuffer, 
+          sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(aBuffer), aBuffer,
               "%d %d %d %d ", iCol, pTerm-sCtx.aTerm, iStart, iEnd-iStart
           );
           rc = fts3StringAppend(&res, aBuffer, -1);
@@ -174894,7 +185580,7 @@ typedef struct unicode_cursor unicode_cursor;
 
 struct unicode_tokenizer {
   sqlite3_tokenizer base;
-  int bRemoveDiacritic;
+  int eRemoveDiacritic;
   int nException;
   int *aiException;
 };
@@ -174930,7 +185616,7 @@ static int unicodeDestroy(sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer){
 **
 ** For each codepoint in the zIn/nIn string, this function checks if the
 ** sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsalnum() function already returns the desired result.
-** If so, no action is taken. Otherwise, the codepoint is added to the 
+** If so, no action is taken. Otherwise, the codepoint is added to the
 ** unicode_tokenizer.aiException[] array. For the purposes of tokenization,
 ** the return value of sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsalnum() is inverted for all
 ** codepoints in the aiException[] array.
@@ -174956,8 +185642,8 @@ static int unicodeAddExceptions(
   while( z<zTerm ){
     READ_UTF8(z, zTerm, iCode);
     assert( (sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsalnum((int)iCode) & 0xFFFFFFFE)==0 );
-    if( sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsalnum((int)iCode)!=bAlnum 
-     && sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsdiacritic((int)iCode)==0 
+    if( sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsalnum((int)iCode)!=bAlnum
+     && sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsdiacritic((int)iCode)==0
     ){
       nEntry++;
     }
@@ -174967,14 +185653,14 @@ static int unicodeAddExceptions(
     int *aNew;                    /* New aiException[] array */
     int nNew;                     /* Number of valid entries in array aNew[] */
 
-    aNew = sqlite3_realloc(p->aiException, (p->nException+nEntry)*sizeof(int));
+    aNew = sqlite3_realloc64(p->aiException,(p->nException+nEntry)*sizeof(int));
     if( aNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
     nNew = p->nException;
 
     z = (const unsigned char *)zIn;
     while( z<zTerm ){
       READ_UTF8(z, zTerm, iCode);
-      if( sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsalnum((int)iCode)!=bAlnum 
+      if( sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsalnum((int)iCode)!=bAlnum
        && sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsdiacritic((int)iCode)==0
       ){
         int i, j;
@@ -175039,17 +185725,20 @@ static int unicodeCreate(
   pNew = (unicode_tokenizer *) sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(unicode_tokenizer));
   if( pNew==NULL ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(unicode_tokenizer));
-  pNew->bRemoveDiacritic = 1;
+  pNew->eRemoveDiacritic = 1;
 
   for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<nArg; i++){
     const char *z = azArg[i];
     int n = (int)strlen(z);
 
     if( n==19 && memcmp("remove_diacritics=1", z, 19)==0 ){
-      pNew->bRemoveDiacritic = 1;
+      pNew->eRemoveDiacritic = 1;
     }
     else if( n==19 && memcmp("remove_diacritics=0", z, 19)==0 ){
-      pNew->bRemoveDiacritic = 0;
+      pNew->eRemoveDiacritic = 0;
+    }
+    else if( n==19 && memcmp("remove_diacritics=2", z, 19)==0 ){
+      pNew->eRemoveDiacritic = 2;
     }
     else if( n>=11 && memcmp("tokenchars=", z, 11)==0 ){
       rc = unicodeAddExceptions(pNew, 1, &z[11], n-11);
@@ -175074,7 +185763,7 @@ static int unicodeCreate(
 /*
 ** Prepare to begin tokenizing a particular string.  The input
 ** string to be tokenized is pInput[0..nBytes-1].  A cursor
-** used to incrementally tokenize this string is returned in 
+** used to incrementally tokenize this string is returned in
 ** *ppCursor.
 */
 static int unicodeOpen(
@@ -175138,7 +185827,7 @@ static int unicodeNext(
   const unsigned char *zTerm = &pCsr->aInput[pCsr->nInput];
 
   /* Scan past any delimiter characters before the start of the next token.
-  ** Return SQLITE_DONE early if this takes us all the way to the end of 
+  ** Return SQLITE_DONE early if this takes us all the way to the end of
   ** the input.  */
   while( z<zTerm ){
     READ_UTF8(z, zTerm, iCode);
@@ -175153,7 +185842,7 @@ static int unicodeNext(
 
     /* Grow the output buffer if required. */
     if( (zOut-pCsr->zToken)>=(pCsr->nAlloc-4) ){
-      char *zNew = sqlite3_realloc(pCsr->zToken, pCsr->nAlloc+64);
+      char *zNew = sqlite3_realloc64(pCsr->zToken, pCsr->nAlloc+64);
       if( !zNew ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
       zOut = &zNew[zOut - pCsr->zToken];
       pCsr->zToken = zNew;
@@ -175162,7 +185851,7 @@ static int unicodeNext(
 
     /* Write the folded case of the last character read to the output */
     zEnd = z;
-    iOut = sqlite3FtsUnicodeFold((int)iCode, p->bRemoveDiacritic);
+    iOut = sqlite3FtsUnicodeFold((int)iCode, p->eRemoveDiacritic);
     if( iOut ){
       WRITE_UTF8(zOut, iOut);
     }
@@ -175170,7 +185859,7 @@ static int unicodeNext(
     /* If the cursor is not at EOF, read the next character */
     if( z>=zTerm ) break;
     READ_UTF8(z, zTerm, iCode);
-  }while( unicodeIsAlnum(p, (int)iCode) 
+  }while( unicodeIsAlnum(p, (int)iCode)
        || sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsdiacritic((int)iCode)
   );
 
@@ -175185,7 +185874,7 @@ static int unicodeNext(
 }
 
 /*
-** Set *ppModule to a pointer to the sqlite3_tokenizer_module 
+** Set *ppModule to a pointer to the sqlite3_tokenizer_module
 ** structure for the unicode tokenizer.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3UnicodeTokenizer(sqlite3_tokenizer_module const **ppModule){
@@ -175207,7 +185896,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3UnicodeTokenizer(sqlite3_tokenizer_module const *
 /************** End of fts3_unicode.c ****************************************/
 /************** Begin file fts3_unicode2.c ***********************************/
 /*
-** 2012 May 25
+** 2012-05-25
 **
 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
@@ -175240,11 +185929,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsalnum(int c){
   ** range of unicode codepoints that are not either letters or numbers (i.e.
   ** codepoints for which this function should return 0).
   **
-  ** The most significant 22 bits in each 32-bit value contain the first 
+  ** The most significant 22 bits in each 32-bit value contain the first
   ** codepoint in the range. The least significant 10 bits are used to store
-  ** the size of the range (always at least 1). In other words, the value 
-  ** ((C<<22) + N) represents a range of N codepoints starting with codepoint 
-  ** C. It is not possible to represent a range larger than 1023 codepoints 
+  ** the size of the range (always at least 1). In other words, the value
+  ** ((C<<22) + N) represents a range of N codepoints starting with codepoint
+  ** C. It is not possible to represent a range larger than 1023 codepoints
   ** using this format.
   */
   static const unsigned int aEntry[] = {
@@ -175367,32 +186056,48 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsalnum(int c){
 ** E"). The resuls of passing a codepoint that corresponds to an
 ** uppercase letter are undefined.
 */
-static int remove_diacritic(int c){
+static int remove_diacritic(int c, int bComplex){
   unsigned short aDia[] = {
-        0,  1797,  1848,  1859,  1891,  1928,  1940,  1995, 
-     2024,  2040,  2060,  2110,  2168,  2206,  2264,  2286, 
-     2344,  2383,  2472,  2488,  2516,  2596,  2668,  2732, 
-     2782,  2842,  2894,  2954,  2984,  3000,  3028,  3336, 
-     3456,  3696,  3712,  3728,  3744,  3896,  3912,  3928, 
-     3968,  4008,  4040,  4106,  4138,  4170,  4202,  4234, 
-     4266,  4296,  4312,  4344,  4408,  4424,  4472,  4504, 
-     6148,  6198,  6264,  6280,  6360,  6429,  6505,  6529, 
-    61448, 61468, 61534, 61592, 61642, 61688, 61704, 61726, 
-    61784, 61800, 61836, 61880, 61914, 61948, 61998, 62122, 
-    62154, 62200, 62218, 62302, 62364, 62442, 62478, 62536, 
-    62554, 62584, 62604, 62640, 62648, 62656, 62664, 62730, 
-    62924, 63050, 63082, 63274, 63390, 
+        0,  1797,  1848,  1859,  1891,  1928,  1940,  1995,
+     2024,  2040,  2060,  2110,  2168,  2206,  2264,  2286,
+     2344,  2383,  2472,  2488,  2516,  2596,  2668,  2732,
+     2782,  2842,  2894,  2954,  2984,  3000,  3028,  3336,
+     3456,  3696,  3712,  3728,  3744,  3766,  3832,  3896,
+     3912,  3928,  3944,  3968,  4008,  4040,  4056,  4106,
+     4138,  4170,  4202,  4234,  4266,  4296,  4312,  4344,
+     4408,  4424,  4442,  4472,  4488,  4504,  6148,  6198,
+     6264,  6280,  6360,  6429,  6505,  6529, 61448, 61468,
+    61512, 61534, 61592, 61610, 61642, 61672, 61688, 61704,
+    61726, 61784, 61800, 61816, 61836, 61880, 61896, 61914,
+    61948, 61998, 62062, 62122, 62154, 62184, 62200, 62218,
+    62252, 62302, 62364, 62410, 62442, 62478, 62536, 62554,
+    62584, 62604, 62640, 62648, 62656, 62664, 62730, 62766,
+    62830, 62890, 62924, 62974, 63032, 63050, 63082, 63118,
+    63182, 63242, 63274, 63310, 63368, 63390,
   };
-  char aChar[] = {
-    '\0', 'a',  'c',  'e',  'i',  'n',  'o',  'u',  'y',  'y',  'a',  'c',  
-    'd',  'e',  'e',  'g',  'h',  'i',  'j',  'k',  'l',  'n',  'o',  'r',  
-    's',  't',  'u',  'u',  'w',  'y',  'z',  'o',  'u',  'a',  'i',  'o',  
-    'u',  'g',  'k',  'o',  'j',  'g',  'n',  'a',  'e',  'i',  'o',  'r',  
-    'u',  's',  't',  'h',  'a',  'e',  'o',  'y',  '\0', '\0', '\0', '\0', 
-    '\0', '\0', '\0', '\0', 'a',  'b',  'd',  'd',  'e',  'f',  'g',  'h',  
-    'h',  'i',  'k',  'l',  'l',  'm',  'n',  'p',  'r',  'r',  's',  't',  
-    'u',  'v',  'w',  'w',  'x',  'y',  'z',  'h',  't',  'w',  'y',  'a',  
-    'e',  'i',  'o',  'u',  'y',  
+#define HIBIT ((unsigned char)0x80)
+  unsigned char aChar[] = {
+    '\0',      'a',       'c',       'e',       'i',       'n',
+    'o',       'u',       'y',       'y',       'a',       'c',
+    'd',       'e',       'e',       'g',       'h',       'i',
+    'j',       'k',       'l',       'n',       'o',       'r',
+    's',       't',       'u',       'u',       'w',       'y',
+    'z',       'o',       'u',       'a',       'i',       'o',
+    'u',       'u'|HIBIT, 'a'|HIBIT, 'g',       'k',       'o',
+    'o'|HIBIT, 'j',       'g',       'n',       'a'|HIBIT, 'a',
+    'e',       'i',       'o',       'r',       'u',       's',
+    't',       'h',       'a',       'e',       'o'|HIBIT, 'o',
+    'o'|HIBIT, 'y',       '\0',      '\0',      '\0',      '\0',
+    '\0',      '\0',      '\0',      '\0',      'a',       'b',
+    'c'|HIBIT, 'd',       'd',       'e'|HIBIT, 'e',       'e'|HIBIT,
+    'f',       'g',       'h',       'h',       'i',       'i'|HIBIT,
+    'k',       'l',       'l'|HIBIT, 'l',       'm',       'n',
+    'o'|HIBIT, 'p',       'r',       'r'|HIBIT, 'r',       's',
+    's'|HIBIT, 't',       'u',       'u'|HIBIT, 'v',       'w',
+    'w',       'x',       'y',       'z',       'h',       't',
+    'w',       'y',       'a',       'a'|HIBIT, 'a'|HIBIT, 'a'|HIBIT,
+    'e',       'e'|HIBIT, 'e'|HIBIT, 'i',       'o',       'o'|HIBIT,
+    'o'|HIBIT, 'o'|HIBIT, 'u',       'u'|HIBIT, 'u'|HIBIT, 'y',
   };
 
   unsigned int key = (((unsigned int)c)<<3) | 0x00000007;
@@ -175409,7 +186114,8 @@ static int remove_diacritic(int c){
     }
   }
   assert( key>=aDia[iRes] );
-  return ((c > (aDia[iRes]>>3) + (aDia[iRes]&0x07)) ? c : (int)aChar[iRes]);
+  if( bComplex==0 && (aChar[iRes] & 0x80) ) return c;
+  return (c > (aDia[iRes]>>3) + (aDia[iRes]&0x07)) ? c : ((int)aChar[iRes] & 0x7F);
 }
 
 
@@ -175422,8 +186128,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsdiacritic(int c){
   unsigned int mask1 = 0x000361F8;
   if( c<768 || c>817 ) return 0;
   return (c < 768+32) ?
-      (mask0 & (1 << (c-768))) :
-      (mask1 & (1 << (c-768-32)));
+      (mask0 & ((unsigned int)1 << (c-768))) :
+      (mask1 & ((unsigned int)1 << (c-768-32)));
 }
 
 
@@ -175436,7 +186142,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsdiacritic(int c){
 ** The results are undefined if the value passed to this function
 ** is less than zero.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FtsUnicodeFold(int c, int bRemoveDiacritic){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FtsUnicodeFold(int c, int eRemoveDiacritic){
   /* Each entry in the following array defines a rule for folding a range
   ** of codepoints to lower case. The rule applies to a range of nRange
   ** codepoints starting at codepoint iCode.
@@ -175513,19 +186219,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FtsUnicodeFold(int c, int bRemoveDiacritic){
     {42802, 1, 62},        {42873, 1, 4},         {42877, 76, 1},
     {42878, 1, 10},        {42891, 0, 1},         {42893, 74, 1},
     {42896, 1, 4},         {42912, 1, 10},        {42922, 72, 1},
-    {65313, 14, 26},       
+    {65313, 14, 26},
   };
   static const unsigned short aiOff[] = {
-   1,     2,     8,     15,    16,    26,    28,    32,    
-   37,    38,    40,    48,    63,    64,    69,    71,    
-   79,    80,    116,   202,   203,   205,   206,   207,   
-   209,   210,   211,   213,   214,   217,   218,   219,   
-   775,   7264,  10792, 10795, 23228, 23256, 30204, 54721, 
-   54753, 54754, 54756, 54787, 54793, 54809, 57153, 57274, 
-   57921, 58019, 58363, 61722, 65268, 65341, 65373, 65406, 
-   65408, 65410, 65415, 65424, 65436, 65439, 65450, 65462, 
-   65472, 65476, 65478, 65480, 65482, 65488, 65506, 65511, 
-   65514, 65521, 65527, 65528, 65529, 
+   1,     2,     8,     15,    16,    26,    28,    32,
+   37,    38,    40,    48,    63,    64,    69,    71,
+   79,    80,    116,   202,   203,   205,   206,   207,
+   209,   210,   211,   213,   214,   217,   218,   219,
+   775,   7264,  10792, 10795, 23228, 23256, 30204, 54721,
+   54753, 54754, 54756, 54787, 54793, 54809, 57153, 57274,
+   57921, 58019, 58363, 61722, 65268, 65341, 65373, 65406,
+   65408, 65410, 65415, 65424, 65436, 65439, 65450, 65462,
+   65472, 65476, 65478, 65480, 65482, 65488, 65506, 65511,
+   65514, 65521, 65527, 65528, 65529,
   };
 
   int ret = c;
@@ -175559,9 +186265,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FtsUnicodeFold(int c, int bRemoveDiacritic){
       assert( ret>0 );
     }
 
-    if( bRemoveDiacritic ) ret = remove_diacritic(ret);
+    if( eRemoveDiacritic ){
+      ret = remove_diacritic(ret, eRemoveDiacritic==2);
+    }
   }
-  
+
   else if( c>=66560 && c<66600 ){
     ret = c + 40;
   }
@@ -175617,6 +186325,10 @@ SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
 # define SMALLEST_INT64 (((sqlite3_int64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
 #endif
 
+#ifndef deliberate_fall_through
+# define deliberate_fall_through
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Versions of isspace(), isalnum() and isdigit() to which it is safe
 ** to pass signed char values.
@@ -175790,7 +186502,7 @@ static void jsonReset(JsonString *p){
 }
 
 
-/* Report an out-of-memory (OOM) condition 
+/* Report an out-of-memory (OOM) condition
 */
 static void jsonOom(JsonString *p){
   p->bErr = 1;
@@ -175829,6 +186541,7 @@ static int jsonGrow(JsonString *p, u32 N){
 /* Append N bytes from zIn onto the end of the JsonString string.
 */
 static void jsonAppendRaw(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
+  if( N==0 ) return;
   if( (N+p->nUsed >= p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p,N)!=0 ) return;
   memcpy(p->zBuf+p->nUsed, zIn, N);
   p->nUsed += N;
@@ -175907,7 +186620,7 @@ static void jsonAppendString(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
 }
 
 /*
-** Append a function parameter value to the JSON string under 
+** Append a function parameter value to the JSON string under
 ** construction.
 */
 static void jsonAppendValue(
@@ -175952,7 +186665,7 @@ static void jsonAppendValue(
 */
 static void jsonResult(JsonString *p){
   if( p->bErr==0 ){
-    sqlite3_result_text64(p->pCtx, p->zBuf, p->nUsed, 
+    sqlite3_result_text64(p->pCtx, p->zBuf, p->nUsed,
                           p->bStatic ? SQLITE_TRANSIENT : sqlite3_free,
                           SQLITE_UTF8);
     jsonZero(p);
@@ -176034,7 +186747,7 @@ static void jsonRenderNode(
         jsonAppendString(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
         break;
       }
-      /* Fall through into the next case */
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     }
     case JSON_REAL:
     case JSON_INT: {
@@ -176097,6 +186810,37 @@ static void jsonReturnJson(
   sqlite3_result_subtype(pCtx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
 }
 
+/*
+** Translate a single byte of Hex into an integer.
+** This routine only works if h really is a valid hexadecimal
+** character:  0..9a..fA..F
+*/
+static u8 jsonHexToInt(int h){
+  assert( (h>='0' && h<='9') ||  (h>='a' && h<='f') ||  (h>='A' && h<='F') );
+#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
+  h += 9*(1&~(h>>4));
+#else
+  h += 9*(1&(h>>6));
+#endif
+  return (u8)(h & 0xf);
+}
+
+/*
+** Convert a 4-byte hex string into an integer
+*/
+static u32 jsonHexToInt4(const char *z){
+  u32 v;
+  assert( safe_isxdigit(z[0]) );
+  assert( safe_isxdigit(z[1]) );
+  assert( safe_isxdigit(z[2]) );
+  assert( safe_isxdigit(z[3]) );
+  v = (jsonHexToInt(z[0])<<12)
+    + (jsonHexToInt(z[1])<<8)
+    + (jsonHexToInt(z[2])<<4)
+    + jsonHexToInt(z[3]);
+  return v;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Make the JsonNode the return value of the function.
 */
@@ -176144,7 +186888,7 @@ static void jsonReturn(
       sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, i);
       int_done:
       break;
-      int_as_real: /* fall through to real */;
+      int_as_real: i=0; /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     }
     case JSON_REAL: {
       double r;
@@ -176164,7 +186908,7 @@ static void jsonReturn(
       if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
         sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n,
                             SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-      }else 
+      }else
 #endif
       assert( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW)==0 );
       if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_ESCAPE)==0 ){
@@ -176190,15 +186934,8 @@ static void jsonReturn(
           }else{
             c = z[++i];
             if( c=='u' ){
-              u32 v = 0, k;
-              for(k=0; k<4; i++, k++){
-                assert( i<n-2 );
-                c = z[i+1];
-                assert( safe_isxdigit(c) );
-                if( c<='9' ) v = v*16 + c - '0';
-                else if( c<='F' ) v = v*16 + c - 'A' + 10;
-                else v = v*16 + c - 'a' + 10;
-              }
+              u32 v = jsonHexToInt4(z+i+1);
+              i += 4;
               if( v==0 ) break;
               if( v<=0x7f ){
                 zOut[j++] = (char)v;
@@ -176206,9 +186943,25 @@ static void jsonReturn(
                 zOut[j++] = (char)(0xc0 | (v>>6));
                 zOut[j++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
               }else{
-                zOut[j++] = (char)(0xe0 | (v>>12));
-                zOut[j++] = 0x80 | ((v>>6)&0x3f);
-                zOut[j++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
+                u32 vlo;
+                if( (v&0xfc00)==0xd800
+                  && i<n-6
+                  && z[i+1]=='\\'
+                  && z[i+2]=='u'
+                  && ((vlo = jsonHexToInt4(z+i+3))&0xfc00)==0xdc00
+                ){
+                  /* We have a surrogate pair */
+                  v = ((v&0x3ff)<<10) + (vlo&0x3ff) + 0x10000;
+                  i += 6;
+                  zOut[j++] = 0xf0 | (v>>18);
+                  zOut[j++] = 0x80 | ((v>>12)&0x3f);
+                  zOut[j++] = 0x80 | ((v>>6)&0x3f);
+                  zOut[j++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
+                }else{
+                  zOut[j++] = 0xe0 | (v>>12);
+                  zOut[j++] = 0x80 | ((v>>6)&0x3f);
+                  zOut[j++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
+                }
               }
             }else{
               if( c=='b' ){
@@ -176266,7 +187019,7 @@ static JSON_NOINLINE int jsonParseAddNodeExpand(
   assert( pParse->nNode>=pParse->nAlloc );
   if( pParse->oom ) return -1;
   nNew = pParse->nAlloc*2 + 10;
-  pNew = sqlite3_realloc(pParse->aNode, sizeof(JsonNode)*nNew);
+  pNew = sqlite3_realloc64(pParse->aNode, sizeof(JsonNode)*nNew);
   if( pNew==0 ){
     pParse->oom = 1;
     return -1;
@@ -176540,7 +187293,7 @@ static void jsonParseFillInParentage(JsonParse *pParse, u32 i, u32 iParent){
 static int jsonParseFindParents(JsonParse *pParse){
   u32 *aUp;
   assert( pParse->aUp==0 );
-  aUp = pParse->aUp = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(u32)*pParse->nNode );
+  aUp = pParse->aUp = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(u32)*pParse->nNode );
   if( aUp==0 ){
     pParse->oom = 1;
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -176602,7 +187355,7 @@ static JsonParse *jsonParseCached(
     pMatch->iHold = iMaxHold+1;
     return pMatch;
   }
-  p = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*p) + nJson + 1 );
+  p = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(*p) + nJson + 1 );
   if( p==0 ){
     sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
     return 0;
@@ -176658,6 +187411,7 @@ static JsonNode *jsonLookupStep(
   const char *zKey;
   JsonNode *pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
   if( zPath[0]==0 ) return pRoot;
+  if( pRoot->jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE ) return 0;
   if( zPath[0]=='.' ){
     if( pRoot->eType!=JSON_OBJECT ) return 0;
     zPath++;
@@ -176698,7 +187452,7 @@ static JsonNode *jsonLookupStep(
       u32 iStart, iLabel;
       JsonNode *pNode;
       iStart = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 2, 0);
-      iLabel = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_STRING, i, zPath);
+      iLabel = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_STRING, nKey, zKey);
       zPath += i;
       pNode = jsonLookupAppend(pParse, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
       if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
@@ -176710,18 +187464,49 @@ static JsonNode *jsonLookupStep(
       }
       return pNode;
     }
-  }else if( zPath[0]=='[' && safe_isdigit(zPath[1]) ){
-    if( pRoot->eType!=JSON_ARRAY ) return 0;
+  }else if( zPath[0]=='[' ){
     i = 0;
     j = 1;
     while( safe_isdigit(zPath[j]) ){
       i = i*10 + zPath[j] - '0';
       j++;
     }
-    if( zPath[j]!=']' ){
-      *pzErr = zPath;
-      return 0;
+    if( j<2 || zPath[j]!=']' ){
+      if( zPath[1]=='#' ){
+        JsonNode *pBase = pRoot;
+        int iBase = iRoot;
+        if( pRoot->eType!=JSON_ARRAY ) return 0;
+        for(;;){
+          while( j<=pBase->n ){
+            if( (pBase[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ) i++;
+            j += jsonNodeSize(&pBase[j]);
+          }
+          if( (pBase->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
+          iBase += pBase->u.iAppend;
+          pBase = &pParse->aNode[iBase];
+          j = 1;
+        }
+        j = 2;
+        if( zPath[2]=='-' && safe_isdigit(zPath[3]) ){
+          unsigned int x = 0;
+          j = 3;
+          do{
+            x = x*10 + zPath[j] - '0';
+            j++;
+          }while( safe_isdigit(zPath[j]) );
+          if( x>i ) return 0;
+          i -= x;
+        }
+        if( zPath[j]!=']' ){
+          *pzErr = zPath;
+          return 0;
+        }
+      }else{
+        *pzErr = zPath;
+        return 0;
+      }
     }
+    if( pRoot->eType!=JSON_ARRAY ) return 0;
     zPath += j + 1;
     j = 1;
     for(;;){
@@ -176844,7 +187629,7 @@ static void jsonWrongNumArgs(
   char *zMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("json_%s() needs an odd number of arguments",
                                zFuncName);
   sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zMsg, -1);
-  sqlite3_free(zMsg);     
+  sqlite3_free(zMsg);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -176931,7 +187716,7 @@ static void jsonTest1Func(
 
 /*
 ** Implementation of the json_QUOTE(VALUE) function.  Return a JSON value
-** corresponding to the SQL value input.  Mostly this means putting 
+** corresponding to the SQL value input.  Mostly this means putting
 ** double-quotes around strings and returning the unquoted string "null"
 ** when given a NULL input.
 */
@@ -176978,7 +187763,7 @@ static void jsonArrayFunc(
 ** json_array_length(JSON)
 ** json_array_length(JSON, PATH)
 **
-** Return the number of elements in the top-level JSON array.  
+** Return the number of elements in the top-level JSON array.
 ** Return 0 if the input is not a well-formed JSON array.
 */
 static void jsonArrayLengthFunc(
@@ -177394,7 +188179,7 @@ static void jsonArrayStep(
     if( pStr->zBuf==0 ){
       jsonInit(pStr, ctx);
       jsonAppendChar(pStr, '[');
-    }else{
+    }else if( pStr->nUsed>1 ){
       jsonAppendChar(pStr, ',');
       pStr->pCtx = ctx;
     }
@@ -177442,9 +188227,11 @@ static void jsonGroupInverse(
   int argc,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
-  int i;
+  unsigned int i;
   int inStr = 0;
+  int nNest = 0;
   char *z;
+  char c;
   JsonString *pStr;
   UNUSED_PARAM(argc);
   UNUSED_PARAM(argv);
@@ -177455,15 +188242,21 @@ static void jsonGroupInverse(
   if( NEVER(!pStr) ) return;
 #endif
   z = pStr->zBuf;
-  for(i=1; z[i]!=',' || inStr; i++){
-    assert( i<pStr->nUsed );
-    if( z[i]=='"' ){
+  for(i=1; (c = z[i])!=',' || inStr || nNest; i++){
+    if( i>=pStr->nUsed ){
+      pStr->nUsed = 1;
+      return;
+    }
+    if( c=='"' ){
       inStr = !inStr;
-    }else if( z[i]=='\\' ){
+    }else if( c=='\\' ){
       i++;
+    }else if( !inStr ){
+      if( c=='{' || c=='[' ) nNest++;
+      if( c=='}' || c==']' ) nNest--;
     }
   }
-  pStr->nUsed -= i;      
+  pStr->nUsed -= i;
   memmove(&z[1], &z[i+1], (size_t)pStr->nUsed-1);
 }
 #else
@@ -177490,7 +188283,7 @@ static void jsonObjectStep(
     if( pStr->zBuf==0 ){
       jsonInit(pStr, ctx);
       jsonAppendChar(pStr, '{');
-    }else{
+    }else if( pStr->nUsed>1 ){
       jsonAppendChar(pStr, ',');
       pStr->pCtx = ctx;
     }
@@ -177569,6 +188362,9 @@ static int jsonEachConnect(
 #define JEACH_PARENT  5
 #define JEACH_FULLKEY 6
 #define JEACH_PATH    7
+/* The xBestIndex method assumes that the JSON and ROOT columns are
+** the last two columns in the table.  Should this ever changes, be
+** sure to update the xBestIndex method. */
 #define JEACH_JSON    8
 #define JEACH_ROOT    9
 
@@ -177576,13 +188372,14 @@ static int jsonEachConnect(
   UNUSED_PARAM(argv);
   UNUSED_PARAM(argc);
   UNUSED_PARAM(pAux);
-  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, 
+  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db,
      "CREATE TABLE x(key,value,type,atom,id,parent,fullkey,path,"
                     "json HIDDEN,root HIDDEN)");
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     pNew = *ppVtab = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
     if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
     memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
+    sqlite3_vtab_config(db, SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS);
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -177754,7 +188551,7 @@ static int jsonEachColumn(
       break;
     }
     case JEACH_ID: {
-      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, 
+      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx,
          (sqlite3_int64)p->i + ((pThis->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL)!=0));
       break;
     }
@@ -177794,6 +188591,7 @@ static int jsonEachColumn(
       }
       /* For json_each() path and root are the same so fall through
       ** into the root case */
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
     }
     default: {
       const char *zRoot = p->zRoot;
@@ -177826,35 +188624,54 @@ static int jsonEachBestIndex(
   sqlite3_vtab *tab,
   sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
 ){
-  int i;
-  int jsonIdx = -1;
-  int rootIdx = -1;
+  int i;                     /* Loop counter or computed array index */
+  int aIdx[2];               /* Index of constraints for JSON and ROOT */
+  int unusableMask = 0;      /* Mask of unusable JSON and ROOT constraints */
+  int idxMask = 0;           /* Mask of usable == constraints JSON and ROOT */
   const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pConstraint;
 
+  /* This implementation assumes that JSON and ROOT are the last two
+  ** columns in the table */
+  assert( JEACH_ROOT == JEACH_JSON+1 );
   UNUSED_PARAM(tab);
+  aIdx[0] = aIdx[1] = -1;
   pConstraint = pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
   for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){
-    if( pConstraint->usable==0 ) continue;
-    if( pConstraint->op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
-    switch( pConstraint->iColumn ){
-      case JEACH_JSON:   jsonIdx = i;    break;
-      case JEACH_ROOT:   rootIdx = i;    break;
-      default:           /* no-op */     break;
-    }
-  }
-  if( jsonIdx<0 ){
+    int iCol;
+    int iMask;
+    if( pConstraint->iColumn < JEACH_JSON ) continue;
+    iCol = pConstraint->iColumn - JEACH_JSON;
+    assert( iCol==0 || iCol==1 );
+    iMask = 1 << iCol;
+    if( pConstraint->usable==0 ){
+      unusableMask |= iMask;
+    }else if( pConstraint->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ){
+      aIdx[iCol] = i;
+      idxMask |= iMask;
+    }
+  }
+  if( (unusableMask & ~idxMask)!=0 ){
+    /* If there are any unusable constraints on JSON or ROOT, then reject
+    ** this entire plan */
+    return SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+  }
+  if( aIdx[0]<0 ){
+    /* No JSON input.  Leave estimatedCost at the huge value that it was
+    ** initialized to to discourage the query planner from selecting this
+    ** plan. */
     pIdxInfo->idxNum = 0;
-    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1e99;
   }else{
     pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1.0;
-    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[jsonIdx].argvIndex = 1;
-    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[jsonIdx].omit = 1;
-    if( rootIdx<0 ){
-      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 1;
+    i = aIdx[0];
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = 1;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].omit = 1;
+    if( aIdx[1]<0 ){
+      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 1;  /* Only JSON supplied.  Plan 1 */
     }else{
-      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[rootIdx].argvIndex = 2;
-      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[rootIdx].omit = 1;
-      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 3;
+      i = aIdx[1];
+      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = 2;
+      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].omit = 1;
+      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 3;  /* Both JSON and ROOT are supplied.  Plan 3 */
     }
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -177963,7 +188780,8 @@ static sqlite3_module jsonEachModule = {
   0,                         /* xRename */
   0,                         /* xSavepoint */
   0,                         /* xRelease */
-  0                          /* xRollbackTo */
+  0,                         /* xRollbackTo */
+  0                          /* xShadowName */
 };
 
 /* The methods of the json_tree virtual table. */
@@ -177990,7 +188808,8 @@ static sqlite3_module jsonTreeModule = {
   0,                         /* xRename */
   0,                         /* xSavepoint */
   0,                         /* xRelease */
-  0                          /* xRollbackTo */
+  0,                         /* xRollbackTo */
+  0                          /* xShadowName */
 };
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
 
@@ -178052,16 +188871,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Json1Init(sqlite3 *db){
     { "json_tree",            &jsonTreeModule               },
   };
 #endif
+  static const int enc =
+       SQLITE_UTF8 |
+       SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC |
+       SQLITE_INNOCUOUS;
   for(i=0; i<sizeof(aFunc)/sizeof(aFunc[0]) && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
-    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, aFunc[i].zName, aFunc[i].nArg,
-                                 SQLITE_UTF8 | SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC, 
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, aFunc[i].zName, aFunc[i].nArg, enc,
                                  (void*)&aFunc[i].flag,
                                  aFunc[i].xFunc, 0, 0);
   }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
   for(i=0; i<sizeof(aAgg)/sizeof(aAgg[0]) && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
     rc = sqlite3_create_window_function(db, aAgg[i].zName, aAgg[i].nArg,
-                                 SQLITE_UTF8 | SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC, 0,
+                                 SQLITE_SUBTYPE | enc, 0,
                                  aAgg[i].xStep, aAgg[i].xFinal,
                                  aAgg[i].xValue, jsonGroupInverse, 0);
   }
@@ -178080,8 +188902,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Json1Init(sqlite3 *db){
 __declspec(dllexport)
 #endif
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_json_init(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  char **pzErrMsg, 
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  char **pzErrMsg,
   const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
 ){
   SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
@@ -178112,7 +188934,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_json_init(
 ** Database Format of R-Tree Tables
 ** --------------------------------
 **
-** The data structure for a single virtual r-tree table is stored in three 
+** The data structure for a single virtual r-tree table is stored in three
 ** native SQLite tables declared as follows. In each case, the '%' character
 ** in the table name is replaced with the user-supplied name of the r-tree
 ** table.
@@ -178138,7 +188960,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_json_init(
 **      of the node contain the tree depth as a big-endian integer.
 **      For non-root nodes, the first 2 bytes are left unused.
 **
-**   2. The next 2 bytes contain the number of entries currently 
+**   2. The next 2 bytes contain the number of entries currently
 **      stored in the node.
 **
 **   3. The remainder of the node contains the node entries. Each entry
@@ -178157,10 +188979,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_json_init(
 #else
 /*   #include "sqlite3.h" */
 #endif
-
-/* #include <string.h> */
-/* #include <assert.h> */
-/* #include <stdio.h> */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char*,int*); /* In the SQLite core */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
 #include "sqlite3rtree.h"
@@ -178169,8 +188988,19 @@ typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64;
 typedef unsigned char u8;
 typedef unsigned short u16;
 typedef unsigned int u32;
+#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
+# define NDEBUG 1
+#endif
+#if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
+# undef NDEBUG
+#endif
 #endif
 
+/* #include <string.h> */
+/* #include <stdio.h> */
+/* #include <assert.h> */
+/* #include <stdlib.h> */
+
 /*  The following macro is used to suppress compiler warnings.
 */
 #ifndef UNUSED_PARAMETER
@@ -178194,7 +189024,7 @@ typedef struct RtreeSearchPoint RtreeSearchPoint;
 #define RTREE_MAX_AUX_COLUMN 100
 
 /* Size of hash table Rtree.aHash. This hash table is not expected to
-** ever contain very many entries, so a fixed number of buckets is 
+** ever contain very many entries, so a fixed number of buckets is
 ** used.
 */
 #define HASHSIZE 97
@@ -178203,13 +189033,13 @@ typedef struct RtreeSearchPoint RtreeSearchPoint;
 ** the number of rows in the virtual table to calculate the costs of
 ** various strategies. If possible, this estimate is loaded from the
 ** sqlite_stat1 table (with RTREE_MIN_ROWEST as a hard-coded minimum).
-** Otherwise, if no sqlite_stat1 entry is available, use 
+** Otherwise, if no sqlite_stat1 entry is available, use
 ** RTREE_DEFAULT_ROWEST.
 */
 #define RTREE_DEFAULT_ROWEST 1048576
 #define RTREE_MIN_ROWEST         100
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** An rtree virtual-table object.
 */
 struct Rtree {
@@ -178223,9 +189053,12 @@ struct Rtree {
   u8 inWrTrans;               /* True if inside write transaction */
   u8 nAux;                    /* # of auxiliary columns in %_rowid */
   u8 nAuxNotNull;             /* Number of initial not-null aux columns */
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  u8 bCorrupt;                /* Shadow table corruption detected */
+#endif
   int iDepth;                 /* Current depth of the r-tree structure */
   char *zDb;                  /* Name of database containing r-tree table */
-  char *zName;                /* Name of r-tree table */ 
+  char *zName;                /* Name of r-tree table */
   u32 nBusy;                  /* Current number of users of this structure */
   i64 nRowEst;                /* Estimated number of rows in this table */
   u32 nCursor;                /* Number of open cursors */
@@ -178234,7 +189067,7 @@ struct Rtree {
 
   /* List of nodes removed during a CondenseTree operation. List is
   ** linked together via the pointer normally used for hash chains -
-  ** RtreeNode.pNext. RtreeNode.iNode stores the depth of the sub-tree 
+  ** RtreeNode.pNext. RtreeNode.iNode stores the depth of the sub-tree
   ** headed by the node (leaf nodes have RtreeNode.iNode==0).
   */
   RtreeNode *pDeleted;
@@ -178260,7 +189093,7 @@ struct Rtree {
   /* Statement for writing to the "aux:" fields, if there are any */
   sqlite3_stmt *pWriteAux;
 
-  RtreeNode *aHash[HASHSIZE]; /* Hash table of in-memory nodes. */ 
+  RtreeNode *aHash[HASHSIZE]; /* Hash table of in-memory nodes. */
 };
 
 /* Possible values for Rtree.eCoordType: */
@@ -178282,6 +189115,15 @@ struct Rtree {
 # define RTREE_ZERO 0.0
 #endif
 
+/*
+** Set the Rtree.bCorrupt flag
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+# define RTREE_IS_CORRUPT(X) ((X)->bCorrupt = 1)
+#else
+# define RTREE_IS_CORRUPT(X)
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** When doing a search of an r-tree, instances of the following structure
 ** record intermediate results from the tree walk.
@@ -178300,7 +189142,7 @@ struct RtreeSearchPoint {
 };
 
 /*
-** The minimum number of cells allowed for a node is a third of the 
+** The minimum number of cells allowed for a node is a third of the
 ** maximum. In Gutman's notation:
 **
 **     m = M/3
@@ -178315,7 +189157,7 @@ struct RtreeSearchPoint {
 /*
 ** The smallest possible node-size is (512-64)==448 bytes. And the largest
 ** supported cell size is 48 bytes (8 byte rowid + ten 4 byte coordinates).
-** Therefore all non-root nodes must contain at least 3 entries. Since 
+** Therefore all non-root nodes must contain at least 3 entries. Since
 ** 3^40 is greater than 2^64, an r-tree structure always has a depth of
 ** 40 or less.
 */
@@ -178329,7 +189171,7 @@ struct RtreeSearchPoint {
 */
 #define RTREE_CACHE_SZ  5
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** An rtree cursor object.
 */
 struct RtreeCursor {
@@ -178402,8 +189244,14 @@ struct RtreeConstraint {
 #define RTREE_MATCH 0x46  /* F: Old-style sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback() */
 #define RTREE_QUERY 0x47  /* G: New-style sqlite3_rtree_query_callback() */
 
+/* Special operators available only on cursors.  Needs to be consecutive
+** with the normal values above, but must be less than RTREE_MATCH.  These
+** are used in the cursor for contraints such as x=NULL (RTREE_FALSE) or
+** x<'xyz' (RTREE_TRUE) */
+#define RTREE_TRUE  0x3f  /* ? */
+#define RTREE_FALSE 0x40  /* @ */
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** An rtree structure node.
 */
 struct RtreeNode {
@@ -178418,7 +189266,7 @@ struct RtreeNode {
 /* Return the number of cells in a node  */
 #define NCELL(pNode) readInt16(&(pNode)->zData[2])
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** A single cell from a node, deserialized
 */
 struct RtreeCell {
@@ -178433,11 +189281,11 @@ struct RtreeCell {
 ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback() and which appear on the right of MATCH
 ** operators in order to constrain a search.
 **
-** xGeom and xQueryFunc are the callback functions.  Exactly one of 
+** xGeom and xQueryFunc are the callback functions.  Exactly one of
 ** xGeom and xQueryFunc fields is non-NULL, depending on whether the
 ** SQL function was created using sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback() or
 ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
-** 
+**
 ** This object is deleted automatically by the destructor mechanism in
 ** sqlite3_create_function_v2().
 */
@@ -178489,6 +189337,23 @@ struct RtreeMatchArg {
 # define testcase(X)
 #endif
 
+/*
+** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
+** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
+** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
+*/
+#if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
+#  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
+#    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
+/* #      include <intrin.h> */
+#      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
+#      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
+#    else
+/* #      include <cmnintrin.h> */
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
@@ -178538,9 +189403,9 @@ static void readCoord(u8 *p, RtreeCoord *pCoord){
   pCoord->u = *(u32*)p;
 #else
   pCoord->u = (
-    (((u32)p[0]) << 24) + 
-    (((u32)p[1]) << 16) + 
-    (((u32)p[2]) <<  8) + 
+    (((u32)p[0]) << 24) +
+    (((u32)p[1]) << 16) +
+    (((u32)p[2]) <<  8) +
     (((u32)p[3]) <<  0)
   );
 #endif
@@ -178560,13 +189425,13 @@ static i64 readInt64(u8 *p){
   return x;
 #else
   return (i64)(
-    (((u64)p[0]) << 56) + 
-    (((u64)p[1]) << 48) + 
-    (((u64)p[2]) << 40) + 
-    (((u64)p[3]) << 32) + 
-    (((u64)p[4]) << 24) + 
-    (((u64)p[5]) << 16) + 
-    (((u64)p[6]) <<  8) + 
+    (((u64)p[0]) << 56) +
+    (((u64)p[1]) << 48) +
+    (((u64)p[2]) << 40) +
+    (((u64)p[3]) << 32) +
+    (((u64)p[4]) << 24) +
+    (((u64)p[5]) << 16) +
+    (((u64)p[6]) <<  8) +
     (((u64)p[7]) <<  0)
   );
 #endif
@@ -178648,8 +189513,8 @@ static void nodeZero(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *p){
 ** Given a node number iNode, return the corresponding key to use
 ** in the Rtree.aHash table.
 */
-static int nodeHash(i64 iNode){
-  return iNode % HASHSIZE;
+static unsigned int nodeHash(i64 iNode){
+  return ((unsigned)iNode) % HASHSIZE;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -178694,7 +189559,7 @@ static void nodeHashDelete(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
 */
 static RtreeNode *nodeNew(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pParent){
   RtreeNode *pNode;
-  pNode = (RtreeNode *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(RtreeNode) + pRtree->iNodeSize);
+  pNode = (RtreeNode *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(RtreeNode) + pRtree->iNodeSize);
   if( pNode ){
     memset(pNode, 0, sizeof(RtreeNode) + pRtree->iNodeSize);
     pNode->zData = (u8 *)&pNode[1];
@@ -178718,6 +189583,18 @@ static void nodeBlobReset(Rtree *pRtree){
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** Check to see if pNode is the same as pParent or any of the parents
+** of pParent.
+*/
+static int nodeInParentChain(const RtreeNode *pNode, const RtreeNode *pParent){
+  do{
+    if( pNode==pParent ) return 1;
+    pParent = pParent->pParent;
+  }while( pParent );
+  return 0;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Obtain a reference to an r-tree node.
 */
@@ -178734,10 +189611,16 @@ static int nodeAcquire(
   ** increase its reference count and return it.
   */
   if( (pNode = nodeHashLookup(pRtree, iNode))!=0 ){
-    assert( !pParent || !pNode->pParent || pNode->pParent==pParent );
     if( pParent && !pNode->pParent ){
+      if( nodeInParentChain(pNode, pParent) ){
+        RTREE_IS_CORRUPT(pRtree);
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+      }
       pParent->nRef++;
       pNode->pParent = pParent;
+    }else if( pParent && pNode->pParent && pParent!=pNode->pParent ){
+      RTREE_IS_CORRUPT(pRtree);
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
     }
     pNode->nRef++;
     *ppNode = pNode;
@@ -178766,9 +189649,12 @@ static int nodeAcquire(
     *ppNode = 0;
     /* If unable to open an sqlite3_blob on the desired row, that can only
     ** be because the shadow tables hold erroneous data. */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR ) rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+    if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR ){
+      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+      RTREE_IS_CORRUPT(pRtree);
+    }
   }else if( pRtree->iNodeSize==sqlite3_blob_bytes(pRtree->pNodeBlob) ){
-    pNode = (RtreeNode *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(RtreeNode)+pRtree->iNodeSize);
+    pNode = (RtreeNode *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(RtreeNode)+pRtree->iNodeSize);
     if( !pNode ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
@@ -178781,7 +189667,6 @@ static int nodeAcquire(
       pNode->pNext = 0;
       rc = sqlite3_blob_read(pRtree->pNodeBlob, pNode->zData,
                              pRtree->iNodeSize, 0);
-      nodeReference(pParent);
     }
   }
 
@@ -178791,28 +189676,32 @@ static int nodeAcquire(
   ** are the leaves, and so on. If the depth as specified on the root node
   ** is greater than RTREE_MAX_DEPTH, the r-tree structure must be corrupt.
   */
-  if( pNode && iNode==1 ){
+  if( pNode && rc==SQLITE_OK && iNode==1 ){
     pRtree->iDepth = readInt16(pNode->zData);
     if( pRtree->iDepth>RTREE_MAX_DEPTH ){
       rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+      RTREE_IS_CORRUPT(pRtree);
     }
   }
 
   /* If no error has occurred so far, check if the "number of entries"
-  ** field on the node is too large. If so, set the return code to 
+  ** field on the node is too large. If so, set the return code to
   ** SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB.
   */
   if( pNode && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     if( NCELL(pNode)>((pRtree->iNodeSize-4)/pRtree->nBytesPerCell) ){
       rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+      RTREE_IS_CORRUPT(pRtree);
     }
   }
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     if( pNode!=0 ){
+      nodeReference(pParent);
       nodeHashInsert(pRtree, pNode);
     }else{
       rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+      RTREE_IS_CORRUPT(pRtree);
     }
     *ppNode = pNode;
   }else{
@@ -178995,7 +189884,7 @@ static int rtreeInit(
   sqlite3 *, void *, int, const char *const*, sqlite3_vtab **, char **, int
 );
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Rtree virtual table module xCreate method.
 */
 static int rtreeCreate(
@@ -179008,7 +189897,7 @@ static int rtreeCreate(
   return rtreeInit(db, pAux, argc, argv, ppVtab, pzErr, 1);
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Rtree virtual table module xConnect method.
 */
 static int rtreeConnect(
@@ -179038,7 +189927,7 @@ static void rtreeRelease(Rtree *pRtree){
     pRtree->inWrTrans = 0;
     assert( pRtree->nCursor==0 );
     nodeBlobReset(pRtree);
-    assert( pRtree->nNodeRef==0 );
+    assert( pRtree->nNodeRef==0 || pRtree->bCorrupt );
     sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pWriteNode);
     sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pDeleteNode);
     sqlite3_finalize(pRtree->pReadRowid);
@@ -179053,7 +189942,7 @@ static void rtreeRelease(Rtree *pRtree){
   }
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Rtree virtual table module xDisconnect method.
 */
 static int rtreeDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
@@ -179061,7 +189950,7 @@ static int rtreeDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Rtree virtual table module xDestroy method.
 */
 static int rtreeDestroy(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
@@ -179071,7 +189960,7 @@ static int rtreeDestroy(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
     "DROP TABLE '%q'.'%q_node';"
     "DROP TABLE '%q'.'%q_rowid';"
     "DROP TABLE '%q'.'%q_parent';",
-    pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName, 
+    pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName,
     pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName,
     pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName
   );
@@ -179089,7 +189978,7 @@ static int rtreeDestroy(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Rtree virtual table module xOpen method.
 */
 static int rtreeOpen(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
@@ -179097,7 +189986,7 @@ static int rtreeOpen(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
   Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)pVTab;
   RtreeCursor *pCsr;
 
-  pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(RtreeCursor));
+  pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(RtreeCursor));
   if( pCsr ){
     memset(pCsr, 0, sizeof(RtreeCursor));
     pCsr->base.pVtab = pVTab;
@@ -179111,9 +190000,12 @@ static int rtreeOpen(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
 
 
 /*
-** Free the RtreeCursor.aConstraint[] array and its contents.
+** Reset a cursor back to its initial state.
 */
-static void freeCursorConstraints(RtreeCursor *pCsr){
+static void resetCursor(RtreeCursor *pCsr){
+  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
+  int ii;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
   if( pCsr->aConstraint ){
     int i;                        /* Used to iterate through constraint array */
     for(i=0; i<pCsr->nConstraint; i++){
@@ -179126,20 +190018,24 @@ static void freeCursorConstraints(RtreeCursor *pCsr){
     sqlite3_free(pCsr->aConstraint);
     pCsr->aConstraint = 0;
   }
+  for(ii=0; ii<RTREE_CACHE_SZ; ii++) nodeRelease(pRtree, pCsr->aNode[ii]);
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aPoint);
+  pStmt = pCsr->pReadAux;
+  memset(pCsr, 0, sizeof(RtreeCursor));
+  pCsr->base.pVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pRtree;
+  pCsr->pReadAux = pStmt;
+
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Rtree virtual table module xClose method.
 */
 static int rtreeClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
   Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)(cur->pVtab);
-  int ii;
   RtreeCursor *pCsr = (RtreeCursor *)cur;
   assert( pRtree->nCursor>0 );
-  freeCursorConstraints(pCsr);
+  resetCursor(pCsr);
   sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pReadAux);
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aPoint);
-  for(ii=0; ii<RTREE_CACHE_SZ; ii++) nodeRelease(pRtree, pCsr->aNode[ii]);
   sqlite3_free(pCsr);
   pRtree->nCursor--;
   nodeBlobReset(pRtree);
@@ -179149,7 +190045,7 @@ static int rtreeClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
 /*
 ** Rtree virtual table module xEof method.
 **
-** Return non-zero if the cursor does not currently point to a valid 
+** Return non-zero if the cursor does not currently point to a valid
 ** record (i.e if the scan has finished), or zero otherwise.
 */
 static int rtreeEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
@@ -179205,7 +190101,7 @@ static int rtreeEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
 
 /*
 ** Check the RTree node or entry given by pCellData and p against the MATCH
-** constraint pConstraint.  
+** constraint pConstraint.
 */
 static int rtreeCallbackConstraint(
   RtreeConstraint *pConstraint,  /* The constraint to test */
@@ -179278,7 +190174,7 @@ static int rtreeCallbackConstraint(
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Check the internal RTree node given by pCellData against constraint p.
 ** If this constraint cannot be satisfied by any child within the node,
 ** set *peWithin to NOT_WITHIN.
@@ -179296,10 +190192,13 @@ static void rtreeNonleafConstraint(
   */
   pCellData += 8 + 4*(p->iCoord&0xfe);
 
-  assert(p->op==RTREE_LE || p->op==RTREE_LT || p->op==RTREE_GE 
-      || p->op==RTREE_GT || p->op==RTREE_EQ );
+  assert(p->op==RTREE_LE || p->op==RTREE_LT || p->op==RTREE_GE
+      || p->op==RTREE_GT || p->op==RTREE_EQ || p->op==RTREE_TRUE
+      || p->op==RTREE_FALSE );
   assert( ((((char*)pCellData) - (char*)0)&3)==0 );  /* 4-byte aligned */
   switch( p->op ){
+    case RTREE_TRUE:  return;   /* Always satisfied */
+    case RTREE_FALSE: break;    /* Never satisfied */
     case RTREE_LE:
     case RTREE_LT:
     case RTREE_EQ:
@@ -179336,28 +190235,31 @@ static void rtreeLeafConstraint(
 ){
   RtreeDValue xN;      /* Coordinate value converted to a double */
 
-  assert(p->op==RTREE_LE || p->op==RTREE_LT || p->op==RTREE_GE 
-      || p->op==RTREE_GT || p->op==RTREE_EQ );
+  assert(p->op==RTREE_LE || p->op==RTREE_LT || p->op==RTREE_GE
+      || p->op==RTREE_GT || p->op==RTREE_EQ || p->op==RTREE_TRUE
+      || p->op==RTREE_FALSE );
   pCellData += 8 + p->iCoord*4;
   assert( ((((char*)pCellData) - (char*)0)&3)==0 );  /* 4-byte aligned */
   RTREE_DECODE_COORD(eInt, pCellData, xN);
   switch( p->op ){
-    case RTREE_LE: if( xN <= p->u.rValue ) return;  break;
-    case RTREE_LT: if( xN <  p->u.rValue ) return;  break;
-    case RTREE_GE: if( xN >= p->u.rValue ) return;  break;
-    case RTREE_GT: if( xN >  p->u.rValue ) return;  break;
-    default:       if( xN == p->u.rValue ) return;  break;
+    case RTREE_TRUE:  return;   /* Always satisfied */
+    case RTREE_FALSE: break;    /* Never satisfied */
+    case RTREE_LE:    if( xN <= p->u.rValue ) return;  break;
+    case RTREE_LT:    if( xN <  p->u.rValue ) return;  break;
+    case RTREE_GE:    if( xN >= p->u.rValue ) return;  break;
+    case RTREE_GT:    if( xN >  p->u.rValue ) return;  break;
+    default:          if( xN == p->u.rValue ) return;  break;
   }
   *peWithin = NOT_WITHIN;
 }
 
 /*
-** One of the cells in node pNode is guaranteed to have a 64-bit 
+** One of the cells in node pNode is guaranteed to have a 64-bit
 ** integer value equal to iRowid. Return the index of this cell.
 */
 static int nodeRowidIndex(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  RtreeNode *pNode, 
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeNode *pNode,
   i64 iRowid,
   int *piIndex
 ){
@@ -179370,6 +190272,7 @@ static int nodeRowidIndex(
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
   }
+  RTREE_IS_CORRUPT(pRtree);
   return SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
 }
 
@@ -179463,7 +190366,7 @@ static RtreeSearchPoint *rtreeEnqueue(
   RtreeSearchPoint *pNew;
   if( pCur->nPoint>=pCur->nPointAlloc ){
     int nNew = pCur->nPointAlloc*2 + 8;
-    pNew = sqlite3_realloc(pCur->aPoint, nNew*sizeof(pCur->aPoint[0]));
+    pNew = sqlite3_realloc64(pCur->aPoint, nNew*sizeof(pCur->aPoint[0]));
     if( pNew==0 ) return 0;
     pCur->aPoint = pNew;
     pCur->nPointAlloc = nNew;
@@ -179498,7 +190401,7 @@ static RtreeSearchPoint *rtreeSearchPointNew(
   pFirst = rtreeSearchPointFirst(pCur);
   pCur->anQueue[iLevel]++;
   if( pFirst==0
-   || pFirst->rScore>rScore 
+   || pFirst->rScore>rScore
    || (pFirst->rScore==rScore && pFirst->iLevel>iLevel)
   ){
     if( pCur->bPoint ){
@@ -179618,13 +190521,14 @@ static int rtreeStepToLeaf(RtreeCursor *pCur){
 
   eInt = pRtree->eCoordType==RTREE_COORD_INT32;
   while( (p = rtreeSearchPointFirst(pCur))!=0 && p->iLevel>0 ){
+    u8 *pCellData;
     pNode = rtreeNodeOfFirstSearchPoint(pCur, &rc);
     if( rc ) return rc;
     nCell = NCELL(pNode);
     assert( nCell<200 );
+    pCellData = pNode->zData + (4+pRtree->nBytesPerCell*p->iCell);
     while( p->iCell<nCell ){
       sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore = (sqlite3_rtree_dbl)-1;
-      u8 *pCellData = pNode->zData + (4+pRtree->nBytesPerCell*p->iCell);
       eWithin = FULLY_WITHIN;
       for(ii=0; ii<nConstraint; ii++){
         RtreeConstraint *pConstraint = pCur->aConstraint + ii;
@@ -179637,13 +190541,23 @@ static int rtreeStepToLeaf(RtreeCursor *pCur){
         }else{
           rtreeNonleafConstraint(pConstraint, eInt, pCellData, &eWithin);
         }
-        if( eWithin==NOT_WITHIN ) break;
+        if( eWithin==NOT_WITHIN ){
+          p->iCell++;
+          pCellData += pRtree->nBytesPerCell;
+          break;
+        }
       }
-      p->iCell++;
       if( eWithin==NOT_WITHIN ) continue;
+      p->iCell++;
       x.iLevel = p->iLevel - 1;
       if( x.iLevel ){
         x.id = readInt64(pCellData);
+        for(ii=0; ii<pCur->nPoint; ii++){
+          if( pCur->aPoint[ii].id==x.id ){
+            RTREE_IS_CORRUPT(pRtree);
+            return SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+          }
+        }
         x.iCell = 0;
       }else{
         x.id = p->id;
@@ -179671,7 +190585,7 @@ static int rtreeStepToLeaf(RtreeCursor *pCur){
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Rtree virtual table module xNext method.
 */
 static int rtreeNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor){
@@ -179689,7 +190603,7 @@ static int rtreeNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor){
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Rtree virtual table module xRowid method.
 */
 static int rtreeRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
@@ -179703,7 +190617,7 @@ static int rtreeRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Rtree virtual table module xColumn method.
 */
 static int rtreeColumn(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite3_context *ctx, int i){
@@ -179736,7 +190650,7 @@ static int rtreeColumn(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite3_context *ctx, int i){
                                 &pCsr->pReadAux, 0);
         if( rc ) return rc;
       }
-      sqlite3_bind_int64(pCsr->pReadAux, 1, 
+      sqlite3_bind_int64(pCsr->pReadAux, 1,
           nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pNode, p->iCell));
       rc = sqlite3_step(pCsr->pReadAux);
       if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
@@ -179749,12 +190663,12 @@ static int rtreeColumn(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite3_context *ctx, int i){
     }
     sqlite3_result_value(ctx,
          sqlite3_column_value(pCsr->pReadAux, i - pRtree->nDim2 + 1));
-  }  
+  }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-/* 
-** Use nodeAcquire() to obtain the leaf node containing the record with 
+/*
+** Use nodeAcquire() to obtain the leaf node containing the record with
 ** rowid iRowid. If successful, set *ppLeaf to point to the node and
 ** return SQLITE_OK. If there is no such record in the table, set
 ** *ppLeaf to 0 and return SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs, set *ppLeaf
@@ -179813,11 +190727,11 @@ static int deserializeGeometry(sqlite3_value *pValue, RtreeConstraint *pCons){
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Rtree virtual table module xFilter method.
 */
 static int rtreeFilter(
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, 
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor,
   int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
   int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
@@ -179827,17 +190741,11 @@ static int rtreeFilter(
   int ii;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int iCell = 0;
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
 
   rtreeReference(pRtree);
 
   /* Reset the cursor to the same state as rtreeOpen() leaves it in. */
-  freeCursorConstraints(pCsr);
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aPoint);
-  pStmt = pCsr->pReadAux;
-  memset(pCsr, 0, sizeof(RtreeCursor));
-  pCsr->base.pVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pRtree;
-  pCsr->pReadAux = pStmt;
+  resetCursor(pCsr);
 
   pCsr->iStrategy = idxNum;
   if( idxNum==1 ){
@@ -179846,7 +190754,15 @@ static int rtreeFilter(
     RtreeSearchPoint *p;     /* Search point for the leaf */
     i64 iRowid = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[0]);
     i64 iNode = 0;
-    rc = findLeafNode(pRtree, iRowid, &pLeaf, &iNode);
+    int eType = sqlite3_value_numeric_type(argv[0]);
+    if( eType==SQLITE_INTEGER
+     || (eType==SQLITE_FLOAT && sqlite3_value_double(argv[0])==iRowid)
+    ){
+      rc = findLeafNode(pRtree, iRowid, &pLeaf, &iNode);
+    }else{
+      rc = SQLITE_OK;
+      pLeaf = 0;
+    }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pLeaf!=0 ){
       p = rtreeSearchPointNew(pCsr, RTREE_ZERO, 0);
       assert( p!=0 );  /* Always returns pCsr->sPoint */
@@ -179860,12 +190776,12 @@ static int rtreeFilter(
       pCsr->atEOF = 1;
     }
   }else{
-    /* Normal case - r-tree scan. Set up the RtreeCursor.aConstraint array 
-    ** with the configured constraints. 
+    /* Normal case - r-tree scan. Set up the RtreeCursor.aConstraint array
+    ** with the configured constraints.
     */
     rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, 1, 0, &pRoot);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && argc>0 ){
-      pCsr->aConstraint = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(RtreeConstraint)*argc);
+      pCsr->aConstraint = sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(RtreeConstraint)*argc);
       pCsr->nConstraint = argc;
       if( !pCsr->aConstraint ){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -179876,6 +190792,7 @@ static int rtreeFilter(
                 || (idxStr && (int)strlen(idxStr)==argc*2) );
         for(ii=0; ii<argc; ii++){
           RtreeConstraint *p = &pCsr->aConstraint[ii];
+          int eType = sqlite3_value_numeric_type(argv[ii]);
           p->op = idxStr[ii*2];
           p->iCoord = idxStr[ii*2+1]-'0';
           if( p->op>=RTREE_MATCH ){
@@ -179890,12 +190807,21 @@ static int rtreeFilter(
             p->pInfo->nCoord = pRtree->nDim2;
             p->pInfo->anQueue = pCsr->anQueue;
             p->pInfo->mxLevel = pRtree->iDepth + 1;
-          }else{
+          }else if( eType==SQLITE_INTEGER || eType==SQLITE_FLOAT ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
             p->u.rValue = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[ii]);
 #else
             p->u.rValue = sqlite3_value_double(argv[ii]);
 #endif
+          }else{
+            p->u.rValue = RTREE_ZERO;
+            if( eType==SQLITE_NULL ){
+              p->op = RTREE_FALSE;
+            }else if( p->op==RTREE_LT || p->op==RTREE_LE ){
+              p->op = RTREE_TRUE;
+            }else{
+              p->op = RTREE_FALSE;
+            }
           }
         }
       }
@@ -179922,7 +190848,7 @@ static int rtreeFilter(
 
 /*
 ** Rtree virtual table module xBestIndex method. There are three
-** table scan strategies to choose from (in order from most to 
+** table scan strategies to choose from (in order from most to
 ** least desirable):
 **
 **   idxNum     idxStr        Strategy
@@ -179932,8 +190858,8 @@ static int rtreeFilter(
 **   ------------------------------------------------
 **
 ** If strategy 1 is used, then idxStr is not meaningful. If strategy
-** 2 is used, idxStr is formatted to contain 2 bytes for each 
-** constraint used. The first two bytes of idxStr correspond to 
+** 2 is used, idxStr is formatted to contain 2 bytes for each
+** constraint used. The first two bytes of idxStr correspond to
 ** the constraint in sqlite3_index_info.aConstraintUsage[] with
 ** (argvIndex==1) etc.
 **
@@ -179979,8 +190905,8 @@ static int rtreeBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
   for(ii=0; ii<pIdxInfo->nConstraint && iIdx<(int)(sizeof(zIdxStr)-1); ii++){
     struct sqlite3_index_constraint *p = &pIdxInfo->aConstraint[ii];
 
-    if( bMatch==0 && p->usable 
-     && p->iColumn==0 && p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ 
+    if( bMatch==0 && p->usable
+     && p->iColumn==0 && p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ
     ){
       /* We have an equality constraint on the rowid. Use strategy 1. */
       int jj;
@@ -179993,11 +190919,11 @@ static int rtreeBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
       pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[jj].omit = 1;
 
       /* This strategy involves a two rowid lookups on an B-Tree structures
-      ** and then a linear search of an R-Tree node. This should be 
-      ** considered almost as quick as a direct rowid lookup (for which 
+      ** and then a linear search of an R-Tree node. This should be
+      ** considered almost as quick as a direct rowid lookup (for which
       ** sqlite uses an internal cost of 0.0). It is expected to return
       ** a single row.
-      */ 
+      */
       pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 30.0;
       pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 1;
       pIdxInfo->idxFlags = SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE;
@@ -180010,20 +190936,20 @@ static int rtreeBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
     ){
       u8 op;
       switch( p->op ){
-        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ: op = RTREE_EQ; break;
-        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT: op = RTREE_GT; break;
-        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE: op = RTREE_LE; break;
-        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT: op = RTREE_LT; break;
-        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE: op = RTREE_GE; break;
-        default:
-          assert( p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH );
-          op = RTREE_MATCH; 
-          break;
+        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ:    op = RTREE_EQ;    break;
+        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT:    op = RTREE_GT;    break;
+        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE:    op = RTREE_LE;    break;
+        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT:    op = RTREE_LT;    break;
+        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE:    op = RTREE_GE;    break;
+        case SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH: op = RTREE_MATCH; break;
+        default:                            op = 0;           break;
+      }
+      if( op ){
+        zIdxStr[iIdx++] = op;
+        zIdxStr[iIdx++] = (char)(p->iColumn - 1 + '0');
+        pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[ii].argvIndex = (iIdx/2);
+        pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[ii].omit = 1;
       }
-      zIdxStr[iIdx++] = op;
-      zIdxStr[iIdx++] = (char)(p->iColumn - 1 + '0');
-      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[ii].argvIndex = (iIdx/2);
-      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[ii].omit = 1;
     }
   }
 
@@ -180059,11 +190985,11 @@ static RtreeDValue cellArea(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCell *p){
 #endif
   {
     switch( pRtree->nDim ){
-      case 5:  area  = p->aCoord[9].i - p->aCoord[8].i;
-      case 4:  area *= p->aCoord[7].i - p->aCoord[6].i;
-      case 3:  area *= p->aCoord[5].i - p->aCoord[4].i;
-      case 2:  area *= p->aCoord[3].i - p->aCoord[2].i;
-      default: area *= p->aCoord[1].i - p->aCoord[0].i;
+      case 5:  area  = (i64)p->aCoord[9].i - (i64)p->aCoord[8].i;
+      case 4:  area *= (i64)p->aCoord[7].i - (i64)p->aCoord[6].i;
+      case 3:  area *= (i64)p->aCoord[5].i - (i64)p->aCoord[4].i;
+      case 2:  area *= (i64)p->aCoord[3].i - (i64)p->aCoord[2].i;
+      default: area *= (i64)p->aCoord[1].i - (i64)p->aCoord[0].i;
     }
   }
   return area;
@@ -180113,8 +191039,8 @@ static int cellContains(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCell *p1, RtreeCell *p2){
   for(ii=0; ii<pRtree->nDim2; ii+=2){
     RtreeCoord *a1 = &p1->aCoord[ii];
     RtreeCoord *a2 = &p2->aCoord[ii];
-    if( (!isInt && (a2[0].f<a1[0].f || a2[1].f>a1[1].f)) 
-     || ( isInt && (a2[0].i<a1[0].i || a2[1].i>a1[1].i)) 
+    if( (!isInt && (a2[0].f<a1[0].f || a2[1].f>a1[1].f))
+     || ( isInt && (a2[0].i<a1[0].i || a2[1].i>a1[1].i))
     ){
       return 0;
     }
@@ -180135,9 +191061,9 @@ static RtreeDValue cellGrowth(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCell *p, RtreeCell *pCell){
 }
 
 static RtreeDValue cellOverlap(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  RtreeCell *p, 
-  RtreeCell *aCell, 
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeCell *p,
+  RtreeCell *aCell,
   int nCell
 ){
   int ii;
@@ -180232,12 +191158,14 @@ static int AdjustTree(
   RtreeCell *pCell                  /* This cell was just inserted */
 ){
   RtreeNode *p = pNode;
+  int cnt = 0;
   while( p->pParent ){
     RtreeNode *pParent = p->pParent;
     RtreeCell cell;
     int iCell;
 
-    if( nodeParentIndex(pRtree, p, &iCell) ){
+    if( (++cnt)>1000 || nodeParentIndex(pRtree, p, &iCell)  ){
+      RTREE_IS_CORRUPT(pRtree);
       return SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
     }
 
@@ -180246,7 +191174,7 @@ static int AdjustTree(
       cellUnion(pRtree, &cell, pCell);
       nodeOverwriteCell(pRtree, pParent, &cell, iCell);
     }
- 
+
     p = pParent;
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -180277,7 +191205,7 @@ static int rtreeInsertCell(Rtree *, RtreeNode *, RtreeCell *, int);
 
 /*
 ** Arguments aIdx, aDistance and aSpare all point to arrays of size
-** nIdx. The aIdx array contains the set of integers from 0 to 
+** nIdx. The aIdx array contains the set of integers from 0 to
 ** (nIdx-1) in no particular order. This function sorts the values
 ** in aIdx according to the indexed values in aDistance. For
 ** example, assuming the inputs:
@@ -180293,9 +191221,9 @@ static int rtreeInsertCell(Rtree *, RtreeNode *, RtreeCell *, int);
 ** sorting algorithm.
 */
 static void SortByDistance(
-  int *aIdx, 
-  int nIdx, 
-  RtreeDValue *aDistance, 
+  int *aIdx,
+  int nIdx,
+  RtreeDValue *aDistance,
   int *aSpare
 ){
   if( nIdx>1 ){
@@ -180349,7 +191277,7 @@ static void SortByDistance(
 
 /*
 ** Arguments aIdx, aCell and aSpare all point to arrays of size
-** nIdx. The aIdx array contains the set of integers from 0 to 
+** nIdx. The aIdx array contains the set of integers from 0 to
 ** (nIdx-1) in no particular order. This function sorts the values
 ** in aIdx according to dimension iDim of the cells in aCell. The
 ** minimum value of dimension iDim is considered first, the
@@ -180360,10 +191288,10 @@ static void SortByDistance(
 */
 static void SortByDimension(
   Rtree *pRtree,
-  int *aIdx, 
-  int nIdx, 
-  int iDim, 
-  RtreeCell *aCell, 
+  int *aIdx,
+  int nIdx,
+  int iDim,
+  RtreeCell *aCell,
   int *aSpare
 ){
   if( nIdx>1 ){
@@ -180434,9 +191362,9 @@ static int splitNodeStartree(
   int iBestSplit = 0;
   RtreeDValue fBestMargin = RTREE_ZERO;
 
-  int nByte = (pRtree->nDim+1)*(sizeof(int*)+nCell*sizeof(int));
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte = (pRtree->nDim+1)*(sizeof(int*)+nCell*sizeof(int));
 
-  aaSorted = (int **)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+  aaSorted = (int **)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
   if( !aaSorted ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
@@ -180460,8 +191388,8 @@ static int splitNodeStartree(
     int nLeft;
 
     for(
-      nLeft=RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree); 
-      nLeft<=(nCell-RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree)); 
+      nLeft=RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree);
+      nLeft<=(nCell-RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree));
       nLeft++
     ){
       RtreeCell left;
@@ -180516,9 +191444,9 @@ static int splitNodeStartree(
 
 
 static int updateMapping(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  i64 iRowid, 
-  RtreeNode *pNode, 
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  i64 iRowid,
+  RtreeNode *pNode,
   int iHeight
 ){
   int (*xSetMapping)(Rtree *, sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64);
@@ -180554,10 +191482,10 @@ static int SplitNode(
   RtreeCell leftbbox;
   RtreeCell rightbbox;
 
-  /* Allocate an array and populate it with a copy of pCell and 
+  /* Allocate an array and populate it with a copy of pCell and
   ** all cells from node pLeft. Then zero the original node.
   */
-  aCell = sqlite3_malloc((sizeof(RtreeCell)+sizeof(int))*(nCell+1));
+  aCell = sqlite3_malloc64((sizeof(RtreeCell)+sizeof(int))*(nCell+1));
   if( !aCell ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     goto splitnode_out;
@@ -180671,14 +191599,14 @@ splitnode_out:
 }
 
 /*
-** If node pLeaf is not the root of the r-tree and its pParent pointer is 
+** If node pLeaf is not the root of the r-tree and its pParent pointer is
 ** still NULL, load all ancestor nodes of pLeaf into memory and populate
 ** the pLeaf->pParent chain all the way up to the root node.
 **
 ** This operation is required when a row is deleted (or updated - an update
 ** is implemented as a delete followed by an insert). SQLite provides the
 ** rowid of the row to delete, which can be used to find the leaf on which
-** the entry resides (argument pLeaf). Once the leaf is located, this 
+** the entry resides (argument pLeaf). Once the leaf is located, this
 ** function is called to determine its ancestry.
 */
 static int fixLeafParent(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pLeaf){
@@ -180705,7 +191633,10 @@ static int fixLeafParent(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pLeaf){
     }
     rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pReadParent);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = rc2;
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !pChild->pParent ) rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !pChild->pParent ){
+      RTREE_IS_CORRUPT(pRtree);
+      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+    }
     pChild = pChild->pParent;
   }
   return rc;
@@ -180749,7 +191680,7 @@ static int removeNode(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode, int iHeight){
   if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3_reset(pRtree->pDeleteParent)) ){
     return rc;
   }
-  
+
   /* Remove the node from the in-memory hash table and link it into
   ** the Rtree.pDeleted list. Its contents will be re-inserted later on.
   */
@@ -180764,9 +191695,9 @@ static int removeNode(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode, int iHeight){
 
 static int fixBoundingBox(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode){
   RtreeNode *pParent = pNode->pParent;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK; 
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   if( pParent ){
-    int ii; 
+    int ii;
     int nCell = NCELL(pNode);
     RtreeCell box;                            /* Bounding box for pNode */
     nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, 0, &box);
@@ -180821,9 +191752,9 @@ static int deleteCell(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode, int iCell, int iHeight){
 }
 
 static int Reinsert(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  RtreeNode *pNode, 
-  RtreeCell *pCell, 
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  RtreeNode *pNode,
+  RtreeCell *pCell,
   int iHeight
 ){
   int *aOrder;
@@ -180845,7 +191776,7 @@ static int Reinsert(
   /* Allocate the buffers used by this operation. The allocation is
   ** relinquished before this function returns.
   */
-  aCell = (RtreeCell *)sqlite3_malloc(n * (
+  aCell = (RtreeCell *)sqlite3_malloc64(n * (
     sizeof(RtreeCell)     +         /* aCell array */
     sizeof(int)           +         /* aOrder array */
     sizeof(int)           +         /* aSpare array */
@@ -180877,7 +191808,7 @@ static int Reinsert(
   for(ii=0; ii<nCell; ii++){
     aDistance[ii] = RTREE_ZERO;
     for(iDim=0; iDim<pRtree->nDim; iDim++){
-      RtreeDValue coord = (DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[iDim*2+1]) - 
+      RtreeDValue coord = (DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[iDim*2+1]) -
                                DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[iDim*2]));
       aDistance[ii] += (coord-aCenterCoord[iDim])*(coord-aCenterCoord[iDim]);
     }
@@ -180922,7 +191853,7 @@ static int Reinsert(
 }
 
 /*
-** Insert cell pCell into node pNode. Node pNode is the head of a 
+** Insert cell pCell into node pNode. Node pNode is the head of a
 ** subtree iHeight high (leaf nodes have iHeight==0).
 */
 static int rtreeInsertCell(
@@ -181012,15 +191943,19 @@ static int rtreeDeleteRowid(Rtree *pRtree, sqlite3_int64 iDelete){
   /* Obtain a reference to the root node to initialize Rtree.iDepth */
   rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, 1, 0, &pRoot);
 
-  /* Obtain a reference to the leaf node that contains the entry 
-  ** about to be deleted. 
+  /* Obtain a reference to the leaf node that contains the entry
+  ** about to be deleted.
   */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = findLeafNode(pRtree, iDelete, &pLeaf, 0);
   }
 
+#ifdef CORRUPT_DB
+  assert( pLeaf!=0 || rc!=SQLITE_OK || CORRUPT_DB );
+#endif
+
   /* Delete the cell in question from the leaf node. */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pLeaf ){
     int rc2;
     rc = nodeRowidIndex(pRtree, pLeaf, iDelete, &iCell);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -181040,11 +191975,11 @@ static int rtreeDeleteRowid(Rtree *pRtree, sqlite3_int64 iDelete){
   }
 
   /* Check if the root node now has exactly one child. If so, remove
-  ** it, schedule the contents of the child for reinsertion and 
+  ** it, schedule the contents of the child for reinsertion and
   ** reduce the tree height by one.
   **
   ** This is equivalent to copying the contents of the child into
-  ** the root node (the operation that Gutman's paper says to perform 
+  ** the root node (the operation that Gutman's paper says to perform
   ** in this scenario).
   */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pRtree->iDepth>0 && NCELL(pRoot)==1 ){
@@ -181114,8 +192049,8 @@ static RtreeValue rtreeValueUp(sqlite3_value *v){
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY) */
 
 /*
-** A constraint has failed while inserting a row into an rtree table. 
-** Assuming no OOM error occurs, this function sets the error message 
+** A constraint has failed while inserting a row into an rtree table.
+** Assuming no OOM error occurs, this function sets the error message
 ** (at pRtree->base.zErrMsg) to an appropriate value and returns
 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT.
 **
@@ -181128,7 +192063,7 @@ static RtreeValue rtreeValueUp(sqlite3_value *v){
 */
 static int rtreeConstraintError(Rtree *pRtree, int iCol){
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
-  char *zSql; 
+  char *zSql;
   int rc;
 
   assert( iCol==0 || iCol%2 );
@@ -181165,9 +192100,9 @@ static int rtreeConstraintError(Rtree *pRtree, int iCol){
 ** The xUpdate method for rtree module virtual tables.
 */
 static int rtreeUpdate(
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, 
-  int nData, 
-  sqlite3_value **aData, 
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,
+  int nData,
+  sqlite3_value **aData,
   sqlite_int64 *pRowid
 ){
   Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)pVtab;
@@ -181234,7 +192169,7 @@ static int rtreeUpdate(
       }
     }
 
-    /* If a rowid value was supplied, check if it is already present in 
+    /* If a rowid value was supplied, check if it is already present in
     ** the table. If so, the constraint has failed. */
     if( sqlite3_value_type(aData[2])!=SQLITE_NULL ){
       cell.iRowid = sqlite3_value_int64(aData[2]);
@@ -181292,7 +192227,7 @@ static int rtreeUpdate(
         rc = rc2;
       }
     }
-    if( pRtree->nAux ){
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pRtree->nAux ){
       sqlite3_stmt *pUp = pRtree->pWriteAux;
       int jj;
       sqlite3_bind_int64(pUp, 1, *pRowid);
@@ -181340,8 +192275,8 @@ static int rtreeRename(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNewName){
     "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_node'   RENAME TO \"%w_node\";"
     "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_parent' RENAME TO \"%w_parent\";"
     "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_rowid'  RENAME TO \"%w_rowid\";"
-    , pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName, zNewName 
-    , pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName, zNewName 
+    , pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName, zNewName
+    , pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName, zNewName
     , pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName, zNewName
   );
   if( zSql ){
@@ -181356,8 +192291,8 @@ static int rtreeRename(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNewName){
 ** The xSavepoint method.
 **
 ** This module does not need to do anything to support savepoints. However,
-** it uses this hook to close any open blob handle. This is done because a 
-** DROP TABLE command - which fortunately always opens a savepoint - cannot 
+** it uses this hook to close any open blob handle. This is done because a
+** DROP TABLE command - which fortunately always opens a savepoint - cannot
 ** succeed if there are any open blob handles. i.e. if the blob handle were
 ** not closed here, the following would fail:
 **
@@ -181420,8 +192355,24 @@ static int rtreeQueryStat1(sqlite3 *db, Rtree *pRtree){
   return rc;
 }
 
+
+/*
+** Return true if zName is the extension on one of the shadow tables used
+** by this module.
+*/
+static int rtreeShadowName(const char *zName){
+  static const char *azName[] = {
+    "node", "parent", "rowid"
+  };
+  unsigned int i;
+  for(i=0; i<sizeof(azName)/sizeof(azName[0]); i++){
+    if( sqlite3_stricmp(zName, azName[i])==0 ) return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
 static sqlite3_module rtreeModule = {
-  2,                          /* iVersion */
+  3,                          /* iVersion */
   rtreeCreate,                /* xCreate - create a table */
   rtreeConnect,               /* xConnect - connect to an existing table */
   rtreeBestIndex,             /* xBestIndex - Determine search strategy */
@@ -181444,13 +192395,14 @@ static sqlite3_module rtreeModule = {
   rtreeSavepoint,             /* xSavepoint */
   0,                          /* xRelease */
   0,                          /* xRollbackTo */
+  rtreeShadowName             /* xShadowName */
 };
 
 static int rtreeSqlInit(
-  Rtree *pRtree, 
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  const char *zDb, 
-  const char *zPrefix, 
+  Rtree *pRtree,
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  const char *zDb,
+  const char *zPrefix,
   int isCreate
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -181473,6 +192425,7 @@ static int rtreeSqlInit(
   };
   sqlite3_stmt **appStmt[N_STATEMENT];
   int i;
+  const int f = SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB;
 
   pRtree->db = db;
 
@@ -181529,8 +192482,7 @@ static int rtreeSqlInit(
     }
     zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(zFormat, zDb, zPrefix);
     if( zSql ){
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(db, zSql, -1, SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,
-                              appStmt[i], 0); 
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(db, zSql, -1, f, appStmt[i], 0);
     }else{
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }
@@ -181560,8 +192512,7 @@ static int rtreeSqlInit(
       if( zSql==0 ){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }else{
-        rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(db, zSql, -1, SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,
-                                &pRtree->pWriteAux, 0); 
+        rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(db, zSql, -1, f, &pRtree->pWriteAux, 0);
         sqlite3_free(zSql);
       }
     }
@@ -181602,9 +192553,9 @@ static int getIntFromStmt(sqlite3 *db, const char *zSql, int *piVal){
 ** table already exists. In this case the node-size is determined by inspecting
 ** the root node of the tree.
 **
-** Otherwise, for an xCreate(), use 64 bytes less than the database page-size. 
-** This ensures that each node is stored on a single database page. If the 
-** database page-size is so large that more than RTREE_MAXCELLS entries 
+** Otherwise, for an xCreate(), use 64 bytes less than the database page-size.
+** This ensures that each node is stored on a single database page. If the
+** database page-size is so large that more than RTREE_MAXCELLS entries
 ** would fit in a single node, use a smaller node-size.
 */
 static int getNodeSize(
@@ -181637,6 +192588,7 @@ static int getNodeSize(
       *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
     }else if( pRtree->iNodeSize<(512-64) ){
       rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+      RTREE_IS_CORRUPT(pRtree);
       *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("undersize RTree blobs in \"%q_node\"",
                                pRtree->zName);
     }
@@ -181646,7 +192598,15 @@ static int getNodeSize(
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
+** Return the length of a token
+*/
+static int rtreeTokenLength(const char *z){
+  int dummy = 0;
+  return sqlite3GetToken((const unsigned char*)z,&dummy);
+}
+
+/*
 ** This function is the implementation of both the xConnect and xCreate
 ** methods of the r-tree virtual table.
 **
@@ -181682,8 +192642,8 @@ static int rtreeInit(
   };
 
   assert( RTREE_MAX_AUX_COLUMN<256 ); /* Aux columns counted by a u8 */
-  if( argc>RTREE_MAX_AUX_COLUMN+3 ){
-    *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", aErrMsg[3]);
+  if( argc<6 || argc>RTREE_MAX_AUX_COLUMN+3 ){
+    *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", aErrMsg[2 + (argc>=6)]);
     return SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
 
@@ -181692,7 +192652,7 @@ static int rtreeInit(
   /* Allocate the sqlite3_vtab structure */
   nDb = (int)strlen(argv[1]);
   nName = (int)strlen(argv[2]);
-  pRtree = (Rtree *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName+2);
+  pRtree = (Rtree *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName+2);
   if( !pRtree ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
@@ -181711,16 +192671,20 @@ static int rtreeInit(
   ** the r-tree table schema.
   */
   pSql = sqlite3_str_new(db);
-  sqlite3_str_appendf(pSql, "CREATE TABLE x(%s", argv[3]);
+  sqlite3_str_appendf(pSql, "CREATE TABLE x(%.*s INT",
+                      rtreeTokenLength(argv[3]), argv[3]);
   for(ii=4; ii<argc; ii++){
-    if( argv[ii][0]=='+' ){
+    const char *zArg = argv[ii];
+    if( zArg[0]=='+' ){
       pRtree->nAux++;
-      sqlite3_str_appendf(pSql, ",%s", argv[ii]+1);
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(pSql, ",%.*s", rtreeTokenLength(zArg+1), zArg+1);
     }else if( pRtree->nAux>0 ){
       break;
     }else{
+      static const char *azFormat[] = {",%.*s REAL", ",%.*s INT"};
       pRtree->nDim2++;
-      sqlite3_str_appendf(pSql, ",%s", argv[ii]);
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(pSql, azFormat[eCoordType],
+                          rtreeTokenLength(zArg), zArg);
     }
   }
   sqlite3_str_appendf(pSql, ");");
@@ -181785,53 +192749,49 @@ rtreeInit_fail:
 **
 ** The human readable string takes the form of a Tcl list with one
 ** entry for each cell in the r-tree node. Each entry is itself a
-** list, containing the 8-byte rowid/pageno followed by the 
+** list, containing the 8-byte rowid/pageno followed by the
 ** <num-dimension>*2 coordinates.
 */
 static void rtreenode(sqlite3_context *ctx, int nArg, sqlite3_value **apArg){
-  char *zText = 0;
   RtreeNode node;
   Rtree tree;
   int ii;
+  int nData;
+  int errCode;
+  sqlite3_str *pOut;
 
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(nArg);
   memset(&node, 0, sizeof(RtreeNode));
   memset(&tree, 0, sizeof(Rtree));
   tree.nDim = (u8)sqlite3_value_int(apArg[0]);
+  if( tree.nDim<1 || tree.nDim>5 ) return;
   tree.nDim2 = tree.nDim*2;
   tree.nBytesPerCell = 8 + 8 * tree.nDim;
   node.zData = (u8 *)sqlite3_value_blob(apArg[1]);
+  nData = sqlite3_value_bytes(apArg[1]);
+  if( nData<4 ) return;
+  if( nData<NCELL(&node)*tree.nBytesPerCell ) return;
 
+  pOut = sqlite3_str_new(0);
   for(ii=0; ii<NCELL(&node); ii++){
-    char zCell[512];
-    int nCell = 0;
     RtreeCell cell;
     int jj;
 
     nodeGetCell(&tree, &node, ii, &cell);
-    sqlite3_snprintf(512-nCell,&zCell[nCell],"%lld", cell.iRowid);
-    nCell = (int)strlen(zCell);
+    if( ii>0 ) sqlite3_str_append(pOut, " ", 1);
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(pOut, "{%lld", cell.iRowid);
     for(jj=0; jj<tree.nDim2; jj++){
 #ifndef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
-      sqlite3_snprintf(512-nCell,&zCell[nCell], " %g",
-                       (double)cell.aCoord[jj].f);
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(pOut, " %g", (double)cell.aCoord[jj].f);
 #else
-      sqlite3_snprintf(512-nCell,&zCell[nCell], " %d",
-                       cell.aCoord[jj].i);
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(pOut, " %d", cell.aCoord[jj].i);
 #endif
-      nCell = (int)strlen(zCell);
-    }
-
-    if( zText ){
-      char *zTextNew = sqlite3_mprintf("%s {%s}", zText, zCell);
-      sqlite3_free(zText);
-      zText = zTextNew;
-    }else{
-      zText = sqlite3_mprintf("{%s}", zCell);
     }
+    sqlite3_str_append(pOut, "}", 1);
   }
-  
-  sqlite3_result_text(ctx, zText, -1, sqlite3_free);
+  errCode = sqlite3_str_errcode(pOut);
+  sqlite3_result_text(ctx, sqlite3_str_finish(pOut), -1, sqlite3_free);
+  sqlite3_result_error_code(ctx, errCode);
 }
 
 /* This routine implements an SQL function that returns the "depth" parameter
@@ -181845,10 +192805,10 @@ static void rtreenode(sqlite3_context *ctx, int nArg, sqlite3_value **apArg){
 */
 static void rtreedepth(sqlite3_context *ctx, int nArg, sqlite3_value **apArg){
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(nArg);
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(apArg[0])!=SQLITE_BLOB 
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(apArg[0])!=SQLITE_BLOB
    || sqlite3_value_bytes(apArg[0])<2
   ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "Invalid argument to rtreedepth()", -1); 
+    sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "Invalid argument to rtreedepth()", -1);
   }else{
     u8 *zBlob = (u8 *)sqlite3_value_blob(apArg[0]);
     sqlite3_result_int(ctx, readInt16(zBlob));
@@ -181931,7 +192891,7 @@ static void rtreeCheckAppendMsg(RtreeCheck *pCheck, const char *zFmt, ...){
     if( z==0 ){
       pCheck->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
-      pCheck->zReport = sqlite3_mprintf("%z%s%z", 
+      pCheck->zReport = sqlite3_mprintf("%z%s%z",
           pCheck->zReport, (pCheck->zReport ? "\n" : ""), z
       );
       if( pCheck->zReport==0 ){
@@ -181960,10 +192920,9 @@ static void rtreeCheckAppendMsg(RtreeCheck *pCheck, const char *zFmt, ...){
 static u8 *rtreeCheckGetNode(RtreeCheck *pCheck, i64 iNode, int *pnNode){
   u8 *pRet = 0;                   /* Return value */
 
-  assert( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK );
-  if( pCheck->pGetNode==0 ){
+  if( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK && pCheck->pGetNode==0 ){
     pCheck->pGetNode = rtreeCheckPrepare(pCheck,
-        "SELECT data FROM %Q.'%q_node' WHERE nodeno=?", 
+        "SELECT data FROM %Q.'%q_node' WHERE nodeno=?",
         pCheck->zDb, pCheck->zTab
     );
   }
@@ -181973,7 +192932,7 @@ static u8 *rtreeCheckGetNode(RtreeCheck *pCheck, i64 iNode, int *pnNode){
     if( sqlite3_step(pCheck->pGetNode)==SQLITE_ROW ){
       int nNode = sqlite3_column_bytes(pCheck->pGetNode, 0);
       const u8 *pNode = (const u8*)sqlite3_column_blob(pCheck->pGetNode, 0);
-      pRet = sqlite3_malloc(nNode);
+      pRet = sqlite3_malloc64(nNode);
       if( pRet==0 ){
         pCheck->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }else{
@@ -182033,7 +192992,7 @@ static void rtreeCheckMapping(
   }else if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
     i64 ii = sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, 0);
     if( ii!=iVal ){
-      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, 
+      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck,
           "Found (%lld -> %lld) in %s table, expected (%lld -> %lld)",
           iKey, ii, (bLeaf ? "%_rowid" : "%_parent"), iKey, iVal
       );
@@ -182049,13 +193008,13 @@ static void rtreeCheckMapping(
 ** if they are not.
 **
 ** Additionally, if pParent is not NULL, then it is assumed to point to
-** the array of coordinates on the parent page that bound the page 
+** the array of coordinates on the parent page that bound the page
 ** containing pCell. In this case it is also verified that the two
 ** sets of coordinates are mutually consistent and an error message added
 ** to the RtreeCheck object if they are not.
 */
 static void rtreeCheckCellCoord(
-  RtreeCheck *pCheck, 
+  RtreeCheck *pCheck,
   i64 iNode,                      /* Node id to use in error messages */
   int iCell,                      /* Cell number to use in error messages */
   u8 *pCell,                      /* Pointer to cell coordinates */
@@ -182071,7 +193030,7 @@ static void rtreeCheckCellCoord(
 
     /* printf("%e, %e\n", c1.u.f, c2.u.f); */
     if( pCheck->bInt ? c1.i>c2.i : c1.f>c2.f ){
-      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, 
+      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck,
           "Dimension %d of cell %d on node %lld is corrupt", i, iCell, iNode
       );
     }
@@ -182080,10 +193039,10 @@ static void rtreeCheckCellCoord(
       readCoord(&pParent[4*2*i], &p1);
       readCoord(&pParent[4*(2*i + 1)], &p2);
 
-      if( (pCheck->bInt ? c1.i<p1.i : c1.f<p1.f) 
+      if( (pCheck->bInt ? c1.i<p1.i : c1.f<p1.f)
        || (pCheck->bInt ? c2.i>p2.i : c2.f>p2.f)
       ){
-        rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, 
+        rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck,
             "Dimension %d of cell %d on node %lld is corrupt relative to parent"
             , i, iCell, iNode
         );
@@ -182115,7 +193074,7 @@ static void rtreeCheckNode(
   aNode = rtreeCheckGetNode(pCheck, iNode, &nNode);
   if( aNode ){
     if( nNode<4 ){
-      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, 
+      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck,
           "Node %lld is too small (%d bytes)", iNode, nNode
       );
     }else{
@@ -182131,8 +193090,8 @@ static void rtreeCheckNode(
       }
       nCell = readInt16(&aNode[2]);
       if( (4 + nCell*(8 + pCheck->nDim*2*4))>nNode ){
-        rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, 
-            "Node %lld is too small for cell count of %d (%d bytes)", 
+        rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck,
+            "Node %lld is too small for cell count of %d (%d bytes)",
             iNode, nCell, nNode
         );
       }else{
@@ -182275,11 +193234,11 @@ static int rtreeCheckTable(
 **       b) unless the cell is on the root node, that the cell is bounded
 **          by the parent cell on the parent node.
 **
-**       c) for leaf nodes, that there is an entry in the %_rowid 
-**          table corresponding to the cell's rowid value that 
+**       c) for leaf nodes, that there is an entry in the %_rowid
+**          table corresponding to the cell's rowid value that
 **          points to the correct node.
 **
-**       d) for cells on non-leaf nodes, that there is an entry in the 
+**       d) for cells on non-leaf nodes, that there is an entry in the
 **          %_parent table mapping from the cell's child node to the
 **          node that it resides on.
 **
@@ -182288,17 +193247,17 @@ static int rtreeCheckTable(
 **      is a leaf cell that corresponds to each entry in the %_rowid table.
 **
 **   3. That there are the same number of entries in the %_parent table
-**      as there are non-leaf cells in the r-tree structure, and that 
-**      there is a non-leaf cell that corresponds to each entry in the 
+**      as there are non-leaf cells in the r-tree structure, and that
+**      there is a non-leaf cell that corresponds to each entry in the
 **      %_parent table.
 */
 static void rtreecheck(
-  sqlite3_context *ctx, 
-  int nArg, 
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,
+  int nArg,
   sqlite3_value **apArg
 ){
   if( nArg!=1 && nArg!=2 ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(ctx, 
+    sqlite3_result_error(ctx,
         "wrong number of arguments to function rtreecheck()", -1
     );
   }else{
@@ -182434,14 +193393,32 @@ typedef float GeoCoord;
 **
 **      encoding    (1 byte)   0=big-endian, 1=little-endian
 **      nvertex     (3 bytes)  Number of vertexes as a big-endian integer
+**
+** Enough space is allocated for 4 coordinates, to work around over-zealous
+** warnings coming from some compiler (notably, clang). In reality, the size
+** of each GeoPoly memory allocate is adjusted as necessary so that the
+** GeoPoly.a[] array at the end is the appropriate size.
 */
 typedef struct GeoPoly GeoPoly;
 struct GeoPoly {
   int nVertex;          /* Number of vertexes */
   unsigned char hdr[4]; /* Header for on-disk representation */
-  GeoCoord a[2];    /* 2*nVertex values. X (longitude) first, then Y */
+  GeoCoord a[8];        /* 2*nVertex values. X (longitude) first, then Y */
 };
 
+/* The size of a memory allocation needed for a GeoPoly object sufficient
+** to hold N coordinate pairs.
+*/
+#define GEOPOLY_SZ(N)  (sizeof(GeoPoly) + sizeof(GeoCoord)*2*((N)-4))
+
+/* Macros to access coordinates of a GeoPoly.
+** We have to use these macros, rather than just say p->a[i] in order
+** to silence (incorrect) UBSAN warnings if the array index is too large.
+*/
+#define GeoX(P,I)  (((GeoCoord*)(P)->a)[(I)*2])
+#define GeoY(P,I)  (((GeoCoord*)(P)->a)[(I)*2+1])
+
+
 /*
 ** State of a parse of a GeoJSON input.
 */
@@ -182466,7 +193443,7 @@ static void geopolySwab32(unsigned char *a){
 
 /* Skip whitespace.  Return the next non-whitespace character. */
 static char geopolySkipSpace(GeoParse *p){
-  while( p->z[0] && safe_isspace(p->z[0]) ) p->z++;
+  while( safe_isspace(p->z[0]) ) p->z++;
   return p->z[0];
 }
 
@@ -182486,7 +193463,7 @@ static int geopolyParseNumber(GeoParse *p, GeoCoord *pVal){
   if( c=='0' && z[j+1]>='0' && z[j+1]<='9' ) return 0;
   for(;; j++){
     c = z[j];
-    if( c>='0' && c<='9' ) continue;
+    if( safe_isdigit(c) ) continue;
     if( c=='.' ){
       if( z[j-1]=='-' ) return 0;
       if( seenDP ) return 0;
@@ -182508,7 +193485,17 @@ static int geopolyParseNumber(GeoParse *p, GeoCoord *pVal){
     break;
   }
   if( z[j-1]<'0' ) return 0;
-  if( pVal ) *pVal = (GeoCoord)atof((const char*)p->z);
+  if( pVal ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
+     /* The sqlite3AtoF() routine is much much faster than atof(), if it
+     ** is available */
+     double r;
+     (void)sqlite3AtoF((const char*)p->z, &r, j, SQLITE_UTF8);
+     *pVal = r;
+#else
+     *pVal = (GeoCoord)atof((const char*)p->z);
+#endif
+  }
   p->z += j;
   return 1;
 }
@@ -182566,12 +193553,10 @@ static GeoPoly *geopolyParseJson(const unsigned char *z, int *pRc){
      && s.a[1]==s.a[s.nVertex*2-1]
      && (s.z++, geopolySkipSpace(&s)==0)
     ){
-      int nByte;
       GeoPoly *pOut;
       int x = 1;
       s.nVertex--;  /* Remove the redundant vertex at the end */
-      nByte = sizeof(GeoPoly) * s.nVertex*2*sizeof(GeoCoord);
-      pOut = sqlite3_malloc64( nByte );
+      pOut = sqlite3_malloc64( GEOPOLY_SZ((sqlite3_int64)s.nVertex) );
       x = 1;
       if( pOut==0 ) goto parse_json_err;
       pOut->nVertex = s.nVertex;
@@ -182626,8 +193611,9 @@ static GeoPoly *geopolyFuncParam(
         memcpy(p->hdr, a, nByte);
         if( a[0] != *(unsigned char*)&x ){
           int ii;
-          for(ii=0; ii<nVertex*2; ii++){
-            geopolySwab32((unsigned char*)&p->a[ii]);
+          for(ii=0; ii<nVertex; ii++){
+            geopolySwab32((unsigned char*)&GeoX(p,ii));
+            geopolySwab32((unsigned char*)&GeoY(p,ii));
           }
           p->hdr[0] ^= 1;
         }
@@ -182662,7 +193648,7 @@ static void geopolyBlobFunc(
 ){
   GeoPoly *p = geopolyFuncParam(context, argv[0], 0);
   if( p ){
-    sqlite3_result_blob(context, p->hdr, 
+    sqlite3_result_blob(context, p->hdr,
        4+8*p->nVertex, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
     sqlite3_free(p);
   }
@@ -182686,9 +193672,9 @@ static void geopolyJsonFunc(
     int i;
     sqlite3_str_append(x, "[", 1);
     for(i=0; i<p->nVertex; i++){
-      sqlite3_str_appendf(x, "[%!g,%!g],", p->a[i*2], p->a[i*2+1]);
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(x, "[%!g,%!g],", GeoX(p,i), GeoY(p,i));
     }
-    sqlite3_str_appendf(x, "[%!g,%!g]]", p->a[0], p->a[1]);
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(x, "[%!g,%!g]]", GeoX(p,0), GeoY(p,0));
     sqlite3_result_text(context, sqlite3_str_finish(x), -1, sqlite3_free);
     sqlite3_free(p);
   }
@@ -182705,7 +193691,9 @@ static void geopolySvgFunc(
   int argc,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
-  GeoPoly *p = geopolyFuncParam(context, argv[0], 0);
+  GeoPoly *p;
+  if( argc<1 ) return;
+  p = geopolyFuncParam(context, argv[0], 0);
   if( p ){
     sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
     sqlite3_str *x = sqlite3_str_new(db);
@@ -182713,10 +193701,10 @@ static void geopolySvgFunc(
     char cSep = '\'';
     sqlite3_str_appendf(x, "<polyline points=");
     for(i=0; i<p->nVertex; i++){
-      sqlite3_str_appendf(x, "%c%g,%g", cSep, p->a[i*2], p->a[i*2+1]);
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(x, "%c%g,%g", cSep, GeoX(p,i), GeoY(p,i));
       cSep = ' ';
     }
-    sqlite3_str_appendf(x, " %g,%g'", p->a[0], p->a[1]);
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(x, " %g,%g'", GeoX(p,0), GeoY(p,0));
     for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
       const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
       if( z && z[0] ){
@@ -182761,19 +193749,40 @@ static void geopolyXformFunc(
   int ii;
   if( p ){
     for(ii=0; ii<p->nVertex; ii++){
-      x0 = p->a[ii*2];
-      y0 = p->a[ii*2+1];
+      x0 = GeoX(p,ii);
+      y0 = GeoY(p,ii);
       x1 = (GeoCoord)(A*x0 + B*y0 + E);
       y1 = (GeoCoord)(C*x0 + D*y0 + F);
-      p->a[ii*2] = x1;
-      p->a[ii*2+1] = y1;
+      GeoX(p,ii) = x1;
+      GeoY(p,ii) = y1;
     }
-    sqlite3_result_blob(context, p->hdr, 
+    sqlite3_result_blob(context, p->hdr,
        4+8*p->nVertex, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
     sqlite3_free(p);
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** Compute the area enclosed by the polygon.
+**
+** This routine can also be used to detect polygons that rotate in
+** the wrong direction.  Polygons are suppose to be counter-clockwise (CCW).
+** This routine returns a negative value for clockwise (CW) polygons.
+*/
+static double geopolyArea(GeoPoly *p){
+  double rArea = 0.0;
+  int ii;
+  for(ii=0; ii<p->nVertex-1; ii++){
+    rArea += (GeoX(p,ii) - GeoX(p,ii+1))           /* (x0 - x1) */
+              * (GeoY(p,ii) + GeoY(p,ii+1))        /* (y0 + y1) */
+              * 0.5;
+  }
+  rArea += (GeoX(p,ii) - GeoX(p,0))                /* (xN - x0) */
+           * (GeoY(p,ii) + GeoY(p,0))              /* (yN + y0) */
+           * 0.5;
+  return rArea;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Implementation of the geopoly_area(X) function.
 **
@@ -182789,19 +193798,104 @@ static void geopolyAreaFunc(
 ){
   GeoPoly *p = geopolyFuncParam(context, argv[0], 0);
   if( p ){
-    double rArea = 0.0;
-    int ii;
-    for(ii=0; ii<p->nVertex-1; ii++){
-      rArea += (p->a[ii*2] - p->a[ii*2+2])           /* (x0 - x1) */
-                * (p->a[ii*2+1] + p->a[ii*2+3])      /* (y0 + y1) */
-                * 0.5;
-    }
-    rArea += (p->a[ii*2] - p->a[0])                  /* (xN - x0) */
-             * (p->a[ii*2+1] + p->a[1])              /* (yN + y0) */
-             * 0.5;
-    sqlite3_result_double(context, rArea);
+    sqlite3_result_double(context, geopolyArea(p));
     sqlite3_free(p);
-  }            
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the geopoly_ccw(X) function.
+**
+** If the rotation of polygon X is clockwise (incorrect) instead of
+** counter-clockwise (the correct winding order according to RFC7946)
+** then reverse the order of the vertexes in polygon X.
+**
+** In other words, this routine returns a CCW polygon regardless of the
+** winding order of its input.
+**
+** Use this routine to sanitize historical inputs that that sometimes
+** contain polygons that wind in the wrong direction.
+*/
+static void geopolyCcwFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  GeoPoly *p = geopolyFuncParam(context, argv[0], 0);
+  if( p ){
+    if( geopolyArea(p)<0.0 ){
+      int ii, jj;
+      for(ii=1, jj=p->nVertex-1; ii<jj; ii++, jj--){
+        GeoCoord t = GeoX(p,ii);
+        GeoX(p,ii) = GeoX(p,jj);
+        GeoX(p,jj) = t;
+        t = GeoY(p,ii);
+        GeoY(p,ii) = GeoY(p,jj);
+        GeoY(p,jj) = t;
+      }
+    }
+    sqlite3_result_blob(context, p->hdr,
+       4+8*p->nVertex, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+    sqlite3_free(p);
+  }
+}
+
+#define GEOPOLY_PI 3.1415926535897932385
+
+/* Fast approximation for sine(X) for X between -0.5*pi and 2*pi
+*/
+static double geopolySine(double r){
+  assert( r>=-0.5*GEOPOLY_PI && r<=2.0*GEOPOLY_PI );
+  if( r>=1.5*GEOPOLY_PI ){
+    r -= 2.0*GEOPOLY_PI;
+  }
+  if( r>=0.5*GEOPOLY_PI ){
+    return -geopolySine(r-GEOPOLY_PI);
+  }else{
+    double r2 = r*r;
+    double r3 = r2*r;
+    double r5 = r3*r2;
+    return 0.9996949*r - 0.1656700*r3 + 0.0075134*r5;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Function:   geopoly_regular(X,Y,R,N)
+**
+** Construct a simple, convex, regular polygon centered at X, Y
+** with circumradius R and with N sides.
+*/
+static void geopolyRegularFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  double x = sqlite3_value_double(argv[0]);
+  double y = sqlite3_value_double(argv[1]);
+  double r = sqlite3_value_double(argv[2]);
+  int n = sqlite3_value_int(argv[3]);
+  int i;
+  GeoPoly *p;
+
+  if( n<3 || r<=0.0 ) return;
+  if( n>1000 ) n = 1000;
+  p = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(*p) + (n-1)*2*sizeof(GeoCoord) );
+  if( p==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
+    return;
+  }
+  i = 1;
+  p->hdr[0] = *(unsigned char*)&i;
+  p->hdr[1] = 0;
+  p->hdr[2] = (n>>8)&0xff;
+  p->hdr[3] = n&0xff;
+  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
+    double rAngle = 2.0*GEOPOLY_PI*i/n;
+    GeoX(p,i) = x - r*geopolySine(rAngle-0.5*GEOPOLY_PI);
+    GeoY(p,i) = y + r*geopolySine(rAngle);
+  }
+  sqlite3_result_blob(context, p->hdr, 4+8*n, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  sqlite3_free(p);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -182835,20 +193929,20 @@ static GeoPoly *geopolyBBox(
   }
   if( p ){
     int ii;
-    mnX = mxX = p->a[0];
-    mnY = mxY = p->a[1];
+    mnX = mxX = GeoX(p,0);
+    mnY = mxY = GeoY(p,0);
     for(ii=1; ii<p->nVertex; ii++){
-      double r = p->a[ii*2];
+      double r = GeoX(p,ii);
       if( r<mnX ) mnX = (float)r;
       else if( r>mxX ) mxX = (float)r;
-      r = p->a[ii*2+1];
+      r = GeoY(p,ii);
       if( r<mnY ) mnY = (float)r;
       else if( r>mxY ) mxY = (float)r;
     }
     if( pRc ) *pRc = SQLITE_OK;
     if( aCoord==0 ){
       geopolyBboxFill:
-      pOut = sqlite3_realloc(p, sizeof(GeoPoly)+sizeof(GeoCoord)*6);
+      pOut = sqlite3_realloc64(p, GEOPOLY_SZ(4));
       if( pOut==0 ){
         sqlite3_free(p);
         if( context ) sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
@@ -182861,14 +193955,14 @@ static GeoPoly *geopolyBBox(
       pOut->hdr[1] = 0;
       pOut->hdr[2] = 0;
       pOut->hdr[3] = 4;
-      pOut->a[0] = mnX;
-      pOut->a[1] = mnY;
-      pOut->a[2] = mxX;
-      pOut->a[3] = mnY;
-      pOut->a[4] = mxX;
-      pOut->a[5] = mxY;
-      pOut->a[6] = mnX;
-      pOut->a[7] = mxY;
+      GeoX(pOut,0) = mnX;
+      GeoY(pOut,0) = mnY;
+      GeoX(pOut,1) = mxX;
+      GeoY(pOut,1) = mnY;
+      GeoX(pOut,2) = mxX;
+      GeoY(pOut,2) = mxY;
+      GeoX(pOut,3) = mnX;
+      GeoY(pOut,3) = mxY;
     }else{
       sqlite3_free(p);
       aCoord[0].f = mnX;
@@ -182876,6 +193970,8 @@ static GeoPoly *geopolyBBox(
       aCoord[2].f = mnY;
       aCoord[3].f = mxY;
     }
+  }else{
+    memset(aCoord, 0, sizeof(RtreeCoord)*4);
   }
   return pOut;
 }
@@ -182890,7 +193986,7 @@ static void geopolyBBoxFunc(
 ){
   GeoPoly *p = geopolyBBox(context, argv[0], 0, 0);
   if( p ){
-    sqlite3_result_blob(context, p->hdr, 
+    sqlite3_result_blob(context, p->hdr,
        4+8*p->nVertex, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
     sqlite3_free(p);
   }
@@ -182941,7 +194037,7 @@ static void geopolyBBoxFinal(
   if( pBBox==0 ) return;
   p = geopolyBBox(context, 0, pBBox->a, 0);
   if( p ){
-    sqlite3_result_blob(context, p->hdr, 
+    sqlite3_result_blob(context, p->hdr,
        4+8*p->nVertex, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
     sqlite3_free(p);
   }
@@ -183006,14 +194102,14 @@ static void geopolyContainsPointFunc(
   int ii;
   if( p1==0 ) return;
   for(ii=0; ii<p1->nVertex-1; ii++){
-    v = pointBeneathLine(x0,y0,p1->a[ii*2],p1->a[ii*2+1],
-                               p1->a[ii*2+2],p1->a[ii*2+3]);
+    v = pointBeneathLine(x0,y0,GeoX(p1,ii), GeoY(p1,ii),
+                               GeoX(p1,ii+1),GeoY(p1,ii+1));
     if( v==2 ) break;
     cnt += v;
   }
   if( v!=2 ){
-    v = pointBeneathLine(x0,y0,p1->a[ii*2],p1->a[ii*2+1],
-                               p1->a[0],p1->a[1]);
+    v = pointBeneathLine(x0,y0,GeoX(p1,ii), GeoY(p1,ii),
+                               GeoX(p1,0),  GeoY(p1,0));
   }
   if( v==2 ){
     sqlite3_result_int(context, 1);
@@ -183121,7 +194217,7 @@ static void geopolyAddOneSegment(
   pEvent->eType = 1;
   pEvent->pSeg = pSeg;
 }
-  
+
 
 
 /*
@@ -183135,10 +194231,10 @@ static void geopolyAddSegments(
   unsigned int i;
   GeoCoord *x;
   for(i=0; i<(unsigned)pPoly->nVertex-1; i++){
-    x = pPoly->a + (i*2);
+    x = &GeoX(pPoly,i);
     geopolyAddOneSegment(p, x[0], x[1], x[2], x[3], side, i);
   }
-  x = pPoly->a + (i*2);
+  x = &GeoX(pPoly,i);
   geopolyAddOneSegment(p, x[0], x[1], pPoly->a[0], pPoly->a[1], side, i);
 }
 
@@ -183161,7 +194257,7 @@ static GeoEvent *geopolyEventMerge(GeoEvent *pLeft, GeoEvent *pRight){
     }
   }
   pLast->pNext = pRight ? pRight : pLeft;
-  return head.pNext;  
+  return head.pNext;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -183210,7 +194306,7 @@ static GeoSegment *geopolySegmentMerge(GeoSegment *pLeft, GeoSegment *pRight){
     }
   }
   pLast->pNext = pRight ? pRight : pLeft;
-  return head.pNext;  
+  return head.pNext;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -183244,9 +194340,9 @@ static GeoSegment *geopolySortSegmentsByYAndC(GeoSegment *pList){
 ** Determine the overlap between two polygons
 */
 static int geopolyOverlap(GeoPoly *p1, GeoPoly *p2){
-  int nVertex = p1->nVertex + p2->nVertex + 2;
+  sqlite3_int64 nVertex = p1->nVertex + p2->nVertex + 2;
   GeoOverlap *p;
-  int nByte;
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte;
   GeoEvent *pThisEvent;
   double rX;
   int rc = 0;
@@ -183255,10 +194351,10 @@ static int geopolyOverlap(GeoPoly *p1, GeoPoly *p2){
   GeoSegment *pSeg;
   unsigned char aOverlap[4];
 
-  nByte = sizeof(GeoEvent)*nVertex*2 
-           + sizeof(GeoSegment)*nVertex 
+  nByte = sizeof(GeoEvent)*nVertex*2
+           + sizeof(GeoSegment)*nVertex
            + sizeof(GeoOverlap);
-  p = sqlite3_malloc( nByte );
+  p = sqlite3_malloc64( nByte );
   if( p==0 ) return -1;
   p->aEvent = (GeoEvent*)&p[1];
   p->aSegment = (GeoSegment*)&p->aEvent[nVertex*2];
@@ -183266,7 +194362,7 @@ static int geopolyOverlap(GeoPoly *p1, GeoPoly *p2){
   geopolyAddSegments(p, p1, 1);
   geopolyAddSegments(p, p2, 2);
   pThisEvent = geopolySortEventsByX(p->aEvent, p->nEvent);
-  rX = pThisEvent->x==0.0 ? -1.0 : 0.0;
+  rX = pThisEvent && pThisEvent->x==0.0 ? -1.0 : 0.0;
   memset(aOverlap, 0, sizeof(aOverlap));
   while( pThisEvent ){
     if( pThisEvent->x!=rX ){
@@ -183398,7 +194494,7 @@ static void geopolyDebugFunc(
 #endif
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** This function is the implementation of both the xConnect and xCreate
 ** methods of the geopoly virtual table.
 **
@@ -183417,8 +194513,8 @@ static int geopolyInit(
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   Rtree *pRtree;
-  int nDb;              /* Length of string argv[1] */
-  int nName;            /* Length of string argv[2] */
+  sqlite3_int64 nDb;              /* Length of string argv[1] */
+  sqlite3_int64 nName;            /* Length of string argv[2] */
   sqlite3_str *pSql;
   char *zSql;
   int ii;
@@ -183426,9 +194522,9 @@ static int geopolyInit(
   sqlite3_vtab_config(db, SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT, 1);
 
   /* Allocate the sqlite3_vtab structure */
-  nDb = (int)strlen(argv[1]);
-  nName = (int)strlen(argv[2]);
-  pRtree = (Rtree *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName+2);
+  nDb = strlen(argv[1]);
+  nName = strlen(argv[2]);
+  pRtree = (Rtree *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName+2);
   if( !pRtree ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
@@ -183488,7 +194584,7 @@ geopolyInit_fail:
 }
 
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** GEOPOLY virtual table module xCreate method.
 */
 static int geopolyCreate(
@@ -183501,7 +194597,7 @@ static int geopolyCreate(
   return geopolyInit(db, pAux, argc, argv, ppVtab, pzErr, 1);
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** GEOPOLY virtual table module xConnect method.
 */
 static int geopolyConnect(
@@ -183515,7 +194611,7 @@ static int geopolyConnect(
 }
 
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** GEOPOLY virtual table module xFilter method.
 **
 ** Query plans:
@@ -183538,17 +194634,11 @@ static int geopolyFilter(
   RtreeNode *pRoot = 0;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int iCell = 0;
-  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
 
   rtreeReference(pRtree);
 
   /* Reset the cursor to the same state as rtreeOpen() leaves it in. */
-  freeCursorConstraints(pCsr);
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aPoint);
-  pStmt = pCsr->pReadAux;
-  memset(pCsr, 0, sizeof(RtreeCursor));
-  pCsr->base.pVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pRtree;
-  pCsr->pReadAux = pStmt;
+  resetCursor(pCsr);
 
   pCsr->iStrategy = idxNum;
   if( idxNum==1 ){
@@ -183571,8 +194661,8 @@ static int geopolyFilter(
       pCsr->atEOF = 1;
     }
   }else{
-    /* Normal case - r-tree scan. Set up the RtreeCursor.aConstraint array 
-    ** with the configured constraints. 
+    /* Normal case - r-tree scan. Set up the RtreeCursor.aConstraint array
+    ** with the configured constraints.
     */
     rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, 1, 0, &pRoot);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && idxNum<=3 ){
@@ -183653,7 +194743,7 @@ geopoly_filter_end:
 
 /*
 ** Rtree virtual table module xBestIndex method. There are three
-** table scan strategies to choose from (in order from most to 
+** table scan strategies to choose from (in order from most to
 ** least desirable):
 **
 **   idxNum     idxStr        Strategy
@@ -183713,7 +194803,7 @@ static int geopolyBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
 }
 
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** GEOPOLY virtual table module xColumn method.
 */
 static int geopolyColumn(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite3_context *ctx, int i){
@@ -183733,7 +194823,7 @@ static int geopolyColumn(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite3_context *ctx, int i){
                                 &pCsr->pReadAux, 0);
         if( rc ) return rc;
       }
-      sqlite3_bind_int64(pCsr->pReadAux, 1, 
+      sqlite3_bind_int64(pCsr->pReadAux, 1,
           nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pNode, p->iCell));
       rc = sqlite3_step(pCsr->pReadAux);
       if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
@@ -183772,9 +194862,9 @@ static int geopolyColumn(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite3_context *ctx, int i){
 **     argv[3] = new value for first application-defined column....
 */
 static int geopolyUpdate(
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, 
-  int nData, 
-  sqlite3_value **aData, 
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,
+  int nData,
+  sqlite3_value **aData,
   sqlite_int64 *pRowid
 ){
   Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)pVtab;
@@ -183816,7 +194906,7 @@ static int geopolyUpdate(
     }
     coordChange = 1;
 
-    /* If a rowid value was supplied, check if it is already present in 
+    /* If a rowid value was supplied, check if it is already present in
     ** the table. If so, the constraint has failed. */
     if( newRowidValid && (!oldRowidValid || oldRowid!=newRowid) ){
       int steprc;
@@ -183876,7 +194966,16 @@ static int geopolyUpdate(
     if( sqlite3_value_nochange(aData[2]) ){
       sqlite3_bind_null(pUp, 2);
     }else{
-      sqlite3_bind_value(pUp, 2, aData[2]);
+      GeoPoly *p = 0;
+      if( sqlite3_value_type(aData[2])==SQLITE_TEXT
+       && (p = geopolyFuncParam(0, aData[2], &rc))!=0
+       && rc==SQLITE_OK
+      ){
+        sqlite3_bind_blob(pUp, 2, p->hdr, 4+8*p->nVertex, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_bind_value(pUp, 2, aData[2]);
+      }
+      sqlite3_free(p);
       nChange = 1;
     }
     for(jj=1; jj<pRtree->nAux; jj++){
@@ -183920,7 +195019,7 @@ static int geopolyFindFunction(
 
 
 static sqlite3_module geopolyModule = {
-  2,                          /* iVersion */
+  3,                          /* iVersion */
   geopolyCreate,              /* xCreate - create a table */
   geopolyConnect,             /* xConnect - connect to an existing table */
   geopolyBestIndex,           /* xBestIndex - Determine search strategy */
@@ -183943,25 +195042,29 @@ static sqlite3_module geopolyModule = {
   rtreeSavepoint,             /* xSavepoint */
   0,                          /* xRelease */
   0,                          /* xRollbackTo */
+  rtreeShadowName             /* xShadowName */
 };
 
 static int sqlite3_geopoly_init(sqlite3 *db){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   static const struct {
     void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
-    int nArg;
+    signed char nArg;
+    unsigned char bPure;
     const char *zName;
   } aFunc[] = {
-     { geopolyAreaFunc,          1,    "geopoly_area"             },
-     { geopolyBlobFunc,          1,    "geopoly_blob"             },
-     { geopolyJsonFunc,          1,    "geopoly_json"             },
-     { geopolySvgFunc,          -1,    "geopoly_svg"              },
-     { geopolyWithinFunc,        2,    "geopoly_within"           },
-     { geopolyContainsPointFunc, 3,    "geopoly_contains_point"   },
-     { geopolyOverlapFunc,       2,    "geopoly_overlap"          },
-     { geopolyDebugFunc,         1,    "geopoly_debug"            },
-     { geopolyBBoxFunc,          1,    "geopoly_bbox"             },
-     { geopolyXformFunc,         7,    "geopoly_xform"            },
+     { geopolyAreaFunc,          1, 1,    "geopoly_area"             },
+     { geopolyBlobFunc,          1, 1,    "geopoly_blob"             },
+     { geopolyJsonFunc,          1, 1,    "geopoly_json"             },
+     { geopolySvgFunc,          -1, 1,    "geopoly_svg"              },
+     { geopolyWithinFunc,        2, 1,    "geopoly_within"           },
+     { geopolyContainsPointFunc, 3, 1,    "geopoly_contains_point"   },
+     { geopolyOverlapFunc,       2, 1,    "geopoly_overlap"          },
+     { geopolyDebugFunc,         1, 0,    "geopoly_debug"            },
+     { geopolyBBoxFunc,          1, 1,    "geopoly_bbox"             },
+     { geopolyXformFunc,         7, 1,    "geopoly_xform"            },
+     { geopolyRegularFunc,       4, 1,    "geopoly_regular"          },
+     { geopolyCcwFunc,           1, 1,    "geopoly_ccw"              },
   };
   static const struct {
     void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
@@ -183972,13 +195075,20 @@ static int sqlite3_geopoly_init(sqlite3 *db){
   };
   int i;
   for(i=0; i<sizeof(aFunc)/sizeof(aFunc[0]) && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
+    int enc;
+    if( aFunc[i].bPure ){
+      enc = SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS;
+    }else{
+      enc = SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY;
+    }
     rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, aFunc[i].zName, aFunc[i].nArg,
-                                 SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                                 enc, 0,
                                  aFunc[i].xFunc, 0, 0);
   }
   for(i=0; i<sizeof(aAgg)/sizeof(aAgg[0]) && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
-    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, aAgg[i].zName, 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                                 0, aAgg[i].xStep, aAgg[i].xFinal);
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, aAgg[i].zName, 1,
+              SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS, 0,
+              0, aAgg[i].xStep, aAgg[i].xFinal);
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sqlite3_create_module_v2(db, "geopoly", &geopolyModule, 0, 0);
@@ -183992,7 +195102,7 @@ static int sqlite3_geopoly_init(sqlite3 *db){
 
 /*
 ** Register the r-tree module with database handle db. This creates the
-** virtual table module "rtree" and the debugging/analysis scalar 
+** virtual table module "rtree" and the debugging/analysis scalar
 ** function "rtreenode".
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RtreeInit(sqlite3 *db){
@@ -184069,12 +195179,12 @@ static void rtreeMatchArgFree(void *pArg){
 static void geomCallback(sqlite3_context *ctx, int nArg, sqlite3_value **aArg){
   RtreeGeomCallback *pGeomCtx = (RtreeGeomCallback *)sqlite3_user_data(ctx);
   RtreeMatchArg *pBlob;
-  int nBlob;
+  sqlite3_int64 nBlob;
   int memErr = 0;
 
   nBlob = sizeof(RtreeMatchArg) + (nArg-1)*sizeof(RtreeDValue)
            + nArg*sizeof(sqlite3_value*);
-  pBlob = (RtreeMatchArg *)sqlite3_malloc(nBlob);
+  pBlob = (RtreeMatchArg *)sqlite3_malloc64(nBlob);
   if( !pBlob ){
     sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
   }else{
@@ -184119,7 +195229,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
   pGeomCtx->xQueryFunc = 0;
   pGeomCtx->xDestructor = 0;
   pGeomCtx->pContext = pContext;
-  return sqlite3_create_function_v2(db, zGeom, -1, SQLITE_ANY, 
+  return sqlite3_create_function_v2(db, zGeom, -1, SQLITE_ANY,
       (void *)pGeomCtx, geomCallback, 0, 0, rtreeFreeCallback
   );
 }
@@ -184144,7 +195254,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
   pGeomCtx->xQueryFunc = xQueryFunc;
   pGeomCtx->xDestructor = xDestructor;
   pGeomCtx->pContext = pContext;
-  return sqlite3_create_function_v2(db, zQueryFunc, -1, SQLITE_ANY, 
+  return sqlite3_create_function_v2(db, zQueryFunc, -1, SQLITE_ANY,
       (void *)pGeomCtx, geomCallback, 0, 0, rtreeFreeCallback
   );
 }
@@ -184180,9 +195290,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_init(
 *************************************************************************
 ** $Id: icu.c,v 1.7 2007/12/13 21:54:11 drh Exp $
 **
-** This file implements an integration between the ICU library 
-** ("International Components for Unicode", an open-source library 
-** for handling unicode data) and SQLite. The integration uses 
+** This file implements an integration between the ICU library
+** ("International Components for Unicode", an open-source library
+** for handling unicode data) and SQLite. The integration uses
 ** ICU to provide the following to SQLite:
 **
 **   * An implementation of the SQL regexp() function (and hence REGEXP
@@ -184193,7 +195303,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_init(
 **
 **   * Integration of ICU and SQLite collation sequences.
 **
-**   * An implementation of the LIKE operator that uses ICU to 
+**   * An implementation of the LIKE operator that uses ICU to
 **     provide case-independent matching.
 */
 
@@ -184220,7 +195330,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_init(
 ** This function is called when an ICU function called from within
 ** the implementation of an SQL scalar function returns an error.
 **
-** The scalar function context passed as the first argument is 
+** The scalar function context passed as the first argument is
 ** loaded with an error message based on the following two args.
 */
 static void icuFunctionError(
@@ -184285,7 +195395,7 @@ static const unsigned char icuUtf8Trans1[] = {
 
 /*
 ** Compare two UTF-8 strings for equality where the first string is
-** a "LIKE" expression. Return true (1) if they are the same and 
+** a "LIKE" expression. Return true (1) if they are the same and
 ** false (0) if they are different.
 */
 static int icuLikeCompare(
@@ -184312,12 +195422,12 @@ static int icuLikeCompare(
     **     3. uPattern is an unescaped escape character, or
     **     4. uPattern is to be handled as an ordinary character
     */
-    if( !prevEscape && uPattern==MATCH_ALL ){
+    if( uPattern==MATCH_ALL && !prevEscape && uPattern!=(uint32_t)uEsc ){
       /* Case 1. */
       uint8_t c;
 
       /* Skip any MATCH_ALL or MATCH_ONE characters that follow a
-      ** MATCH_ALL. For each MATCH_ONE, skip one character in the 
+      ** MATCH_ALL. For each MATCH_ONE, skip one character in the
       ** test string.
       */
       while( (c=*zPattern) == MATCH_ALL || c == MATCH_ONE ){
@@ -184338,12 +195448,12 @@ static int icuLikeCompare(
       }
       return 0;
 
-    }else if( !prevEscape && uPattern==MATCH_ONE ){
+    }else if( uPattern==MATCH_ONE && !prevEscape && uPattern!=(uint32_t)uEsc ){
       /* Case 2. */
       if( *zString==0 ) return 0;
       SQLITE_ICU_SKIP_UTF8(zString);
 
-    }else if( !prevEscape && uPattern==(uint32_t)uEsc){
+    }else if( uPattern==(uint32_t)uEsc && !prevEscape ){
       /* Case 3. */
       prevEscape = 1;
 
@@ -184370,15 +195480,15 @@ static int icuLikeCompare(
 **
 **       A LIKE B
 **
-** is implemented as like(B, A). If there is an escape character E, 
+** is implemented as like(B, A). If there is an escape character E,
 **
 **       A LIKE B ESCAPE E
 **
 ** is mapped to like(B, A, E).
 */
 static void icuLikeFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context, 
-  int argc, 
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
   const unsigned char *zA = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
@@ -184404,7 +195514,7 @@ static void icuLikeFunc(
     if( zE==0 ) return;
     U8_NEXT(zE, i, nE, uEsc);
     if( i!=nE){
-      sqlite3_result_error(context, 
+      sqlite3_result_error(context,
           "ESCAPE expression must be a single character", -1);
       return;
     }
@@ -184427,7 +195537,7 @@ static void icuRegexpDelete(void *p){
 /*
 ** Implementation of SQLite REGEXP operator. This scalar function takes
 ** two arguments. The first is a regular expression pattern to compile
-** the second is a string to match against that pattern. If either 
+** the second is a string to match against that pattern. If either
 ** argument is an SQL NULL, then NULL Is returned. Otherwise, the result
 ** is 1 if the string matches the pattern, or 0 otherwise.
 **
@@ -184451,8 +195561,8 @@ static void icuRegexpFunc(sqlite3_context *p, int nArg, sqlite3_value **apArg){
 
   (void)nArg;  /* Unused parameter */
 
-  /* If the left hand side of the regexp operator is NULL, 
-  ** then the result is also NULL. 
+  /* If the left hand side of the regexp operator is NULL,
+  ** then the result is also NULL.
   */
   if( !zString ){
     return;
@@ -184490,7 +195600,7 @@ static void icuRegexpFunc(sqlite3_context *p, int nArg, sqlite3_value **apArg){
   }
 
   /* Set the text that the regular expression operates on to a NULL
-  ** pointer. This is not really necessary, but it is tidier than 
+  ** pointer. This is not really necessary, but it is tidier than
   ** leaving the regular expression object configured with an invalid
   ** pointer after this function returns.
   */
@@ -184501,7 +195611,7 @@ static void icuRegexpFunc(sqlite3_context *p, int nArg, sqlite3_value **apArg){
 }
 
 /*
-** Implementations of scalar functions for case mapping - upper() and 
+** Implementations of scalar functions for case mapping - upper() and
 ** lower(). Function upper() converts its input to upper-case (ABC).
 ** Function lower() converts to lower-case (abc).
 **
@@ -184509,7 +195619,7 @@ static void icuRegexpFunc(sqlite3_context *p, int nArg, sqlite3_value **apArg){
 ** "language specific". Refer to ICU documentation for the differences
 ** between the two.
 **
-** To utilise "general" case mapping, the upper() or lower() scalar 
+** To utilise "general" case mapping, the upper() or lower() scalar
 ** functions are invoked with one argument:
 **
 **     upper('ABC') -> 'abc'
@@ -184617,7 +195727,7 @@ static int icuCollationColl(
 /*
 ** Implementation of the scalar function icu_load_collation().
 **
-** This scalar function is used to add ICU collation based collation 
+** This scalar function is used to add ICU collation based collation
 ** types to an SQLite database connection. It is intended to be called
 ** as follows:
 **
@@ -184628,8 +195738,8 @@ static int icuCollationColl(
 ** collation sequence to create.
 */
 static void icuLoadCollation(
-  sqlite3_context *p, 
-  int nArg, 
+  sqlite3_context *p,
+  int nArg,
   sqlite3_value **apArg
 ){
   sqlite3 *db = (sqlite3 *)sqlite3_user_data(p);
@@ -184655,7 +195765,7 @@ static void icuLoadCollation(
   }
   assert(p);
 
-  rc = sqlite3_create_collation_v2(db, zName, SQLITE_UTF16, (void *)pUCollator, 
+  rc = sqlite3_create_collation_v2(db, zName, SQLITE_UTF16, (void *)pUCollator,
       icuCollationColl, icuCollationDel
   );
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -184668,35 +195778,36 @@ static void icuLoadCollation(
 ** Register the ICU extension functions with database db.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IcuInit(sqlite3 *db){
+# define SQLITEICU_EXTRAFLAGS (SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS)
   static const struct IcuScalar {
     const char *zName;                        /* Function name */
     unsigned char nArg;                       /* Number of arguments */
-    unsigned short enc;                       /* Optimal text encoding */
+    unsigned int enc;                         /* Optimal text encoding */
     unsigned char iContext;                   /* sqlite3_user_data() context */
     void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
   } scalars[] = {
-    {"icu_load_collation",  2, SQLITE_UTF8,                1, icuLoadCollation},
+    {"icu_load_collation",2,SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY,1, icuLoadCollation},
 #if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU)
-    {"regexp", 2, SQLITE_ANY|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,         0, icuRegexpFunc},
-    {"lower",  1, SQLITE_UTF16|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,       0, icuCaseFunc16},
-    {"lower",  2, SQLITE_UTF16|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,       0, icuCaseFunc16},
-    {"upper",  1, SQLITE_UTF16|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,       1, icuCaseFunc16},
-    {"upper",  2, SQLITE_UTF16|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,       1, icuCaseFunc16},
-    {"lower",  1, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,        0, icuCaseFunc16},
-    {"lower",  2, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,        0, icuCaseFunc16},
-    {"upper",  1, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,        1, icuCaseFunc16},
-    {"upper",  2, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,        1, icuCaseFunc16},
-    {"like",   2, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,        0, icuLikeFunc},
-    {"like",   3, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,        0, icuLikeFunc},
+    {"regexp", 2, SQLITE_ANY|SQLITEICU_EXTRAFLAGS,         0, icuRegexpFunc},
+    {"lower",  1, SQLITE_UTF16|SQLITEICU_EXTRAFLAGS,       0, icuCaseFunc16},
+    {"lower",  2, SQLITE_UTF16|SQLITEICU_EXTRAFLAGS,       0, icuCaseFunc16},
+    {"upper",  1, SQLITE_UTF16|SQLITEICU_EXTRAFLAGS,       1, icuCaseFunc16},
+    {"upper",  2, SQLITE_UTF16|SQLITEICU_EXTRAFLAGS,       1, icuCaseFunc16},
+    {"lower",  1, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITEICU_EXTRAFLAGS,        0, icuCaseFunc16},
+    {"lower",  2, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITEICU_EXTRAFLAGS,        0, icuCaseFunc16},
+    {"upper",  1, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITEICU_EXTRAFLAGS,        1, icuCaseFunc16},
+    {"upper",  2, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITEICU_EXTRAFLAGS,        1, icuCaseFunc16},
+    {"like",   2, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITEICU_EXTRAFLAGS,        0, icuLikeFunc},
+    {"like",   3, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITEICU_EXTRAFLAGS,        0, icuLikeFunc},
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU) */
   };
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int i;
-  
+
   for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<(int)(sizeof(scalars)/sizeof(scalars[0])); i++){
     const struct IcuScalar *p = &scalars[i];
     rc = sqlite3_create_function(
-        db, p->zName, p->nArg, p->enc, 
+        db, p->zName, p->nArg, p->enc,
         p->iContext ? (void*)db : (void*)0,
         p->xFunc, 0, 0
     );
@@ -184710,7 +195821,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IcuInit(sqlite3 *db){
 __declspec(dllexport)
 #endif
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_icu_init(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
+  sqlite3 *db,
   char **pzErrMsg,
   const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
 ){
@@ -184785,7 +195896,7 @@ static int icuCreate(
   if( argc>0 ){
     n = strlen(argv[0])+1;
   }
-  p = (IcuTokenizer *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(IcuTokenizer)+n);
+  p = (IcuTokenizer *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(IcuTokenizer)+n);
   if( !p ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
@@ -184813,7 +195924,7 @@ static int icuDestroy(sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer){
 /*
 ** Prepare to begin tokenizing a particular string.  The input
 ** string to be tokenized is pInput[0..nBytes-1].  A cursor
-** used to incrementally tokenize this string is returned in 
+** used to incrementally tokenize this string is returned in
 ** *ppCursor.
 */
 static int icuOpen(
@@ -184842,7 +195953,7 @@ static int icuOpen(
     nInput = strlen(zInput);
   }
   nChar = nInput+1;
-  pCsr = (IcuCursor *)sqlite3_malloc(
+  pCsr = (IcuCursor *)sqlite3_malloc64(
       sizeof(IcuCursor) +                /* IcuCursor */
       ((nChar+3)&~3) * sizeof(UChar) +   /* IcuCursor.aChar[] */
       (nChar+1) * sizeof(int)            /* IcuCursor.aOffset[] */
@@ -184855,7 +195966,7 @@ static int icuOpen(
   pCsr->aOffset = (int *)&pCsr->aChar[(nChar+3)&~3];
 
   pCsr->aOffset[iOut] = iInput;
-  U8_NEXT(zInput, iInput, nInput, c); 
+  U8_NEXT(zInput, iInput, nInput, c);
   while( c>0 ){
     int isError = 0;
     c = u_foldCase(c, opt);
@@ -185001,7 +196112,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3IcuTokenizerModule(
 *************************************************************************
 **
 **
-** OVERVIEW 
+** OVERVIEW
 **
 **  The RBU extension requires that the RBU update be packaged as an
 **  SQLite database. The tables it expects to find are described in
@@ -185009,34 +196120,34 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3IcuTokenizerModule(
 **  that the user wishes to write to, a corresponding data_xyz table is
 **  created in the RBU database and populated with one row for each row to
 **  update, insert or delete from the target table.
-** 
+**
 **  The update proceeds in three stages:
-** 
+**
 **  1) The database is updated. The modified database pages are written
 **     to a *-oal file. A *-oal file is just like a *-wal file, except
 **     that it is named "<database>-oal" instead of "<database>-wal".
 **     Because regular SQLite clients do not look for file named
 **     "<database>-oal", they go on using the original database in
 **     rollback mode while the *-oal file is being generated.
-** 
+**
 **     During this stage RBU does not update the database by writing
 **     directly to the target tables. Instead it creates "imposter"
 **     tables using the SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER interface that it uses
 **     to update each b-tree individually. All updates required by each
 **     b-tree are completed before moving on to the next, and all
 **     updates are done in sorted key order.
-** 
+**
 **  2) The "<database>-oal" file is moved to the equivalent "<database>-wal"
 **     location using a call to rename(2). Before doing this the RBU
 **     module takes an EXCLUSIVE lock on the database file, ensuring
 **     that there are no other active readers.
-** 
+**
 **     Once the EXCLUSIVE lock is released, any other database readers
 **     detect the new *-wal file and read the database in wal mode. At
 **     this point they see the new version of the database - including
 **     the updates made as part of the RBU update.
-** 
-**  3) The new *-wal file is checkpointed. This proceeds in the same way 
+**
+**  3) The new *-wal file is checkpointed. This proceeds in the same way
 **     as a regular database checkpoint, except that a single frame is
 **     checkpointed each time sqlite3rbu_step() is called. If the RBU
 **     handle is closed before the entire *-wal file is checkpointed,
@@ -185045,7 +196156,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3IcuTokenizerModule(
 **     the future.
 **
 ** POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
-** 
+**
 **  The rename() call might not be portable. And RBU is not currently
 **  syncing the directory after renaming the file.
 **
@@ -185067,7 +196178,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3IcuTokenizerModule(
 **  fields are collected.  This means we're probably writing a lot more
 **  data to disk when saving the state of an ongoing update to the RBU
 **  update database than is strictly necessary.
-** 
+**
 */
 
 /* #include <assert.h> */
@@ -185091,42 +196202,42 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3IcuTokenizerModule(
 **
 *************************************************************************
 **
-** This file contains the public interface for the RBU extension. 
+** This file contains the public interface for the RBU extension.
 */
 
 /*
 ** SUMMARY
 **
-** Writing a transaction containing a large number of operations on 
+** Writing a transaction containing a large number of operations on
 ** b-tree indexes that are collectively larger than the available cache
-** memory can be very inefficient. 
+** memory can be very inefficient.
 **
 ** The problem is that in order to update a b-tree, the leaf page (at least)
 ** containing the entry being inserted or deleted must be modified. If the
-** working set of leaves is larger than the available cache memory, then a 
-** single leaf that is modified more than once as part of the transaction 
+** working set of leaves is larger than the available cache memory, then a
+** single leaf that is modified more than once as part of the transaction
 ** may be loaded from or written to the persistent media multiple times.
 ** Additionally, because the index updates are likely to be applied in
-** random order, access to pages within the database is also likely to be in 
+** random order, access to pages within the database is also likely to be in
 ** random order, which is itself quite inefficient.
 **
 ** One way to improve the situation is to sort the operations on each index
 ** by index key before applying them to the b-tree. This leads to an IO
 ** pattern that resembles a single linear scan through the index b-tree,
-** and all but guarantees each modified leaf page is loaded and stored 
+** and all but guarantees each modified leaf page is loaded and stored
 ** exactly once. SQLite uses this trick to improve the performance of
 ** CREATE INDEX commands. This extension allows it to be used to improve
 ** the performance of large transactions on existing databases.
 **
-** Additionally, this extension allows the work involved in writing the 
-** large transaction to be broken down into sub-transactions performed 
-** sequentially by separate processes. This is useful if the system cannot 
-** guarantee that a single update process will run for long enough to apply 
-** the entire update, for example because the update is being applied on a 
-** mobile device that is frequently rebooted. Even after the writer process 
+** Additionally, this extension allows the work involved in writing the
+** large transaction to be broken down into sub-transactions performed
+** sequentially by separate processes. This is useful if the system cannot
+** guarantee that a single update process will run for long enough to apply
+** the entire update, for example because the update is being applied on a
+** mobile device that is frequently rebooted. Even after the writer process
 ** has committed one or more sub-transactions, other database clients continue
-** to read from the original database snapshot. In other words, partially 
-** applied transactions are not visible to other clients. 
+** to read from the original database snapshot. In other words, partially
+** applied transactions are not visible to other clients.
 **
 ** "RBU" stands for "Resumable Bulk Update". As in a large database update
 ** transmitted via a wireless network to a mobile device. A transaction
@@ -185142,9 +196253,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3IcuTokenizerModule(
 **
 **   * INSERT statements may not use any default values.
 **
-**   * UPDATE and DELETE statements must identify their target rows by 
+**   * UPDATE and DELETE statements must identify their target rows by
 **     non-NULL PRIMARY KEY values. Rows with NULL values stored in PRIMARY
-**     KEY fields may not be updated or deleted. If the table being written 
+**     KEY fields may not be updated or deleted. If the table being written
 **     has no PRIMARY KEY, affected rows must be identified by rowid.
 **
 **   * UPDATE statements may not modify PRIMARY KEY columns.
@@ -185161,10 +196272,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3IcuTokenizerModule(
 ** PREPARATION
 **
 ** An "RBU update" is stored as a separate SQLite database. A database
-** containing an RBU update is an "RBU database". For each table in the 
+** containing an RBU update is an "RBU database". For each table in the
 ** target database to be updated, the RBU database should contain a table
 ** named "data_<target name>" containing the same set of columns as the
-** target table, and one more - "rbu_control". The data_% table should 
+** target table, and one more - "rbu_control". The data_% table should
 ** have no PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraints, but each column should have
 ** the same type as the corresponding column in the target database.
 ** The "rbu_control" column should have no type at all. For example, if
@@ -185179,22 +196290,22 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3IcuTokenizerModule(
 ** The order of the columns in the data_% table does not matter.
 **
 ** Instead of a regular table, the RBU database may also contain virtual
-** tables or view named using the data_<target> naming scheme. 
+** tables or view named using the data_<target> naming scheme.
 **
-** Instead of the plain data_<target> naming scheme, RBU database tables 
+** Instead of the plain data_<target> naming scheme, RBU database tables
 ** may also be named data<integer>_<target>, where <integer> is any sequence
 ** of zero or more numeric characters (0-9). This can be significant because
-** tables within the RBU database are always processed in order sorted by 
+** tables within the RBU database are always processed in order sorted by
 ** name. By judicious selection of the <integer> portion of the names
 ** of the RBU tables the user can therefore control the order in which they
 ** are processed. This can be useful, for example, to ensure that "external
 ** content" FTS4 tables are updated before their underlying content tables.
 **
 ** If the target database table is a virtual table or a table that has no
-** PRIMARY KEY declaration, the data_% table must also contain a column 
-** named "rbu_rowid". This column is mapped to the tables implicit primary 
-** key column - "rowid". Virtual tables for which the "rowid" column does 
-** not function like a primary key value cannot be updated using RBU. For 
+** PRIMARY KEY declaration, the data_% table must also contain a column
+** named "rbu_rowid". This column is mapped to the tables implicit primary
+** key column - "rowid". Virtual tables for which the "rowid" column does
+** not function like a primary key value cannot be updated using RBU. For
 ** example, if the target db contains either of the following:
 **
 **   CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x1 USING fts3(a, b);
@@ -185217,35 +196328,35 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3IcuTokenizerModule(
 **   CREATE TABLE data_ft1(a, b, langid, rbu_rowid, rbu_control);
 **   CREATE TABLE data_ft1(a, b, rbu_rowid, rbu_control);
 **
-** For each row to INSERT into the target database as part of the RBU 
+** For each row to INSERT into the target database as part of the RBU
 ** update, the corresponding data_% table should contain a single record
 ** with the "rbu_control" column set to contain integer value 0. The
-** other columns should be set to the values that make up the new record 
-** to insert. 
+** other columns should be set to the values that make up the new record
+** to insert.
 **
-** If the target database table has an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, it is not 
-** possible to insert a NULL value into the IPK column. Attempting to 
+** If the target database table has an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, it is not
+** possible to insert a NULL value into the IPK column. Attempting to
 ** do so results in an SQLITE_MISMATCH error.
 **
-** For each row to DELETE from the target database as part of the RBU 
+** For each row to DELETE from the target database as part of the RBU
 ** update, the corresponding data_% table should contain a single record
 ** with the "rbu_control" column set to contain integer value 1. The
 ** real primary key values of the row to delete should be stored in the
 ** corresponding columns of the data_% table. The values stored in the
 ** other columns are not used.
 **
-** For each row to UPDATE from the target database as part of the RBU 
+** For each row to UPDATE from the target database as part of the RBU
 ** update, the corresponding data_% table should contain a single record
 ** with the "rbu_control" column set to contain a value of type text.
-** The real primary key values identifying the row to update should be 
+** The real primary key values identifying the row to update should be
 ** stored in the corresponding columns of the data_% table row, as should
-** the new values of all columns being update. The text value in the 
+** the new values of all columns being update. The text value in the
 ** "rbu_control" column must contain the same number of characters as
 ** there are columns in the target database table, and must consist entirely
-** of 'x' and '.' characters (or in some special cases 'd' - see below). For 
+** of 'x' and '.' characters (or in some special cases 'd' - see below). For
 ** each column that is being updated, the corresponding character is set to
 ** 'x'. For those that remain as they are, the corresponding character of the
-** rbu_control value should be set to '.'. For example, given the tables 
+** rbu_control value should be set to '.'. For example, given the tables
 ** above, the update statement:
 **
 **   UPDATE t1 SET c = 'usa' WHERE a = 4;
@@ -185259,30 +196370,30 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3IcuTokenizerModule(
 ** target table with the value stored in the corresponding data_% column, the
 ** user-defined SQL function "rbu_delta()" is invoked and the result stored in
 ** the target table column. rbu_delta() is invoked with two arguments - the
-** original value currently stored in the target table column and the 
+** original value currently stored in the target table column and the
 ** value specified in the data_xxx table.
 **
 ** For example, this row:
 **
 **   INSERT INTO data_t1(a, b, c, rbu_control) VALUES(4, NULL, 'usa', '..d');
 **
-** is similar to an UPDATE statement such as: 
+** is similar to an UPDATE statement such as:
 **
 **   UPDATE t1 SET c = rbu_delta(c, 'usa') WHERE a = 4;
 **
-** Finally, if an 'f' character appears in place of a 'd' or 's' in an 
+** Finally, if an 'f' character appears in place of a 'd' or 's' in an
 ** ota_control string, the contents of the data_xxx table column is assumed
 ** to be a "fossil delta" - a patch to be applied to a blob value in the
 ** format used by the fossil source-code management system. In this case
-** the existing value within the target database table must be of type BLOB. 
+** the existing value within the target database table must be of type BLOB.
 ** It is replaced by the result of applying the specified fossil delta to
 ** itself.
 **
 ** If the target database table is a virtual table or a table with no PRIMARY
-** KEY, the rbu_control value should not include a character corresponding 
+** KEY, the rbu_control value should not include a character corresponding
 ** to the rbu_rowid value. For example, this:
 **
-**   INSERT INTO data_ft1(a, b, rbu_rowid, rbu_control) 
+**   INSERT INTO data_ft1(a, b, rbu_rowid, rbu_control)
 **       VALUES(NULL, 'usa', 12, '.x');
 **
 ** causes a result similar to:
@@ -185292,14 +196403,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3IcuTokenizerModule(
 ** The data_xxx tables themselves should have no PRIMARY KEY declarations.
 ** However, RBU is more efficient if reading the rows in from each data_xxx
 ** table in "rowid" order is roughly the same as reading them sorted by
-** the PRIMARY KEY of the corresponding target database table. In other 
-** words, rows should be sorted using the destination table PRIMARY KEY 
+** the PRIMARY KEY of the corresponding target database table. In other
+** words, rows should be sorted using the destination table PRIMARY KEY
 ** fields before they are inserted into the data_xxx tables.
 **
 ** USAGE
 **
-** The API declared below allows an application to apply an RBU update 
-** stored on disk to an existing target database. Essentially, the 
+** The API declared below allows an application to apply an RBU update
+** stored on disk to an existing target database. Essentially, the
 ** application:
 **
 **     1) Opens an RBU handle using the sqlite3rbu_open() function.
@@ -185310,24 +196421,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Fts3IcuTokenizerModule(
 **
 **     3) Calls the sqlite3rbu_step() function one or more times on
 **        the new handle. Each call to sqlite3rbu_step() performs a single
-**        b-tree operation, so thousands of calls may be required to apply 
+**        b-tree operation, so thousands of calls may be required to apply
 **        a complete update.
 **
 **     4) Calls sqlite3rbu_close() to close the RBU update handle. If
 **        sqlite3rbu_step() has been called enough times to completely
 **        apply the update to the target database, then the RBU database
-**        is marked as fully applied. Otherwise, the state of the RBU 
-**        update application is saved in the RBU database for later 
+**        is marked as fully applied. Otherwise, the state of the RBU
+**        update application is saved in the RBU database for later
 **        resumption.
 **
 ** See comments below for more detail on APIs.
 **
 ** If an update is only partially applied to the target database by the
-** time sqlite3rbu_close() is called, various state information is saved 
+** time sqlite3rbu_close() is called, various state information is saved
 ** within the RBU database. This allows subsequent processes to automatically
 ** resume the RBU update from where it left off.
 **
-** To remove all RBU extension state information, returning an RBU database 
+** To remove all RBU extension state information, returning an RBU database
 ** to its original contents, it is sufficient to drop all tables that begin
 ** with the prefix "rbu_"
 **
@@ -185363,21 +196474,21 @@ typedef struct sqlite3rbu sqlite3rbu;
 ** the path to the RBU database. Each call to this function must be matched
 ** by a call to sqlite3rbu_close(). When opening the databases, RBU passes
 ** the SQLITE_CONFIG_URI flag to sqlite3_open_v2(). So if either zTarget
-** or zRbu begin with "file:", it will be interpreted as an SQLite 
+** or zRbu begin with "file:", it will be interpreted as an SQLite
 ** database URI, not a regular file name.
 **
-** If the zState argument is passed a NULL value, the RBU extension stores 
-** the current state of the update (how many rows have been updated, which 
+** If the zState argument is passed a NULL value, the RBU extension stores
+** the current state of the update (how many rows have been updated, which
 ** indexes are yet to be updated etc.) within the RBU database itself. This
 ** can be convenient, as it means that the RBU application does not need to
-** organize removing a separate state file after the update is concluded. 
-** Or, if zState is non-NULL, it must be a path to a database file in which 
+** organize removing a separate state file after the update is concluded.
+** Or, if zState is non-NULL, it must be a path to a database file in which
 ** the RBU extension can store the state of the update.
 **
 ** When resuming an RBU update, the zState argument must be passed the same
 ** value as when the RBU update was started.
 **
-** Once the RBU update is finished, the RBU extension does not 
+** Once the RBU update is finished, the RBU extension does not
 ** automatically remove any zState database file, even if it created it.
 **
 ** By default, RBU uses the default VFS to access the files on disk. To
@@ -185390,7 +196501,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3rbu sqlite3rbu;
 ** the zipvfs_create_vfs() API below for details on using RBU with zipvfs.
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3rbu *sqlite3rbu_open(
-  const char *zTarget, 
+  const char *zTarget,
   const char *zRbu,
   const char *zState
 );
@@ -185400,13 +196511,13 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3rbu *sqlite3rbu_open(
 ** An RBU vacuum is similar to SQLite's built-in VACUUM command, except
 ** that it can be suspended and resumed like an RBU update.
 **
-** The second argument to this function identifies a database in which 
-** to store the state of the RBU vacuum operation if it is suspended. The 
+** The second argument to this function identifies a database in which
+** to store the state of the RBU vacuum operation if it is suspended. The
 ** first time sqlite3rbu_vacuum() is called, to start an RBU vacuum
 ** operation, the state database should either not exist or be empty
-** (contain no tables). If an RBU vacuum is suspended by calling 
+** (contain no tables). If an RBU vacuum is suspended by calling
 ** sqlite3rbu_close() on the RBU handle before sqlite3rbu_step() has
-** returned SQLITE_DONE, the vacuum state is stored in the state database. 
+** returned SQLITE_DONE, the vacuum state is stored in the state database.
 ** The vacuum can be resumed by calling this function to open a new RBU
 ** handle specifying the same target and state databases.
 **
@@ -185416,20 +196527,24 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3rbu *sqlite3rbu_open(
 ** state database is not already present in the file-system, it is created
 ** with the same permissions as the target db is made.
 **
+** With an RBU vacuum, it is an SQLITE_MISUSE error if the name of the
+** state database ends with "-vactmp". This name is reserved for internal
+** use.
+**
 ** This function does not delete the state database after an RBU vacuum
 ** is completed, even if it created it. However, if the call to
 ** sqlite3rbu_close() returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the contents
 ** of the state tables within the state database are zeroed. This way,
-** the next call to sqlite3rbu_vacuum() opens a handle that starts a 
+** the next call to sqlite3rbu_vacuum() opens a handle that starts a
 ** new RBU vacuum operation.
 **
 ** As with sqlite3rbu_open(), Zipvfs users should rever to the comment
-** describing the sqlite3rbu_create_vfs() API function below for 
-** a description of the complications associated with using RBU with 
+** describing the sqlite3rbu_create_vfs() API function below for
+** a description of the complications associated with using RBU with
 ** zipvfs databases.
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3rbu *sqlite3rbu_vacuum(
-  const char *zTarget, 
+  const char *zTarget,
   const char *zState
 );
 
@@ -185441,7 +196556,7 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3rbu *sqlite3rbu_vacuum(
 ** is removed entirely. If the second parameter is negative, the limit is
 ** not modified (this is useful for querying the current limit).
 **
-** In all cases the returned value is the current limit in bytes (zero 
+** In all cases the returned value is the current limit in bytes (zero
 ** indicates unlimited).
 **
 ** If the temp space limit is exceeded during operation, an SQLITE_FULL
@@ -185450,13 +196565,13 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3rbu *sqlite3rbu_vacuum(
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_temp_size_limit(sqlite3rbu*, sqlite3_int64);
 
 /*
-** Return the current amount of temp file space, in bytes, currently used by 
+** Return the current amount of temp file space, in bytes, currently used by
 ** the RBU handle passed as the only argument.
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_temp_size(sqlite3rbu*);
 
 /*
-** Internally, each RBU connection uses a separate SQLite database 
+** Internally, each RBU connection uses a separate SQLite database
 ** connection to access the target and rbu update databases. This
 ** API allows the application direct access to these database handles.
 **
@@ -185467,10 +196582,10 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_temp_size(sqlite3rbu*);
 ** following scenarios:
 **
 **   * If any target tables are virtual tables, it may be necessary to
-**     call sqlite3_create_module() on the target database handle to 
+**     call sqlite3_create_module() on the target database handle to
 **     register the required virtual table implementations.
 **
-**   * If the data_xxx tables in the RBU source database are virtual 
+**   * If the data_xxx tables in the RBU source database are virtual
 **     tables, the application may need to call sqlite3_create_module() on
 **     the rbu update db handle to any required virtual table
 **     implementations.
@@ -185489,12 +196604,12 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_temp_size(sqlite3rbu*);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3rbu_db(sqlite3rbu*, int bRbu);
 
 /*
-** Do some work towards applying the RBU update to the target db. 
+** Do some work towards applying the RBU update to the target db.
 **
-** Return SQLITE_DONE if the update has been completely applied, or 
+** Return SQLITE_DONE if the update has been completely applied, or
 ** SQLITE_OK if no error occurs but there remains work to do to apply
-** the RBU update. If an error does occur, some other error code is 
-** returned. 
+** the RBU update. If an error does occur, some other error code is
+** returned.
 **
 ** Once a call to sqlite3rbu_step() has returned a value other than
 ** SQLITE_OK, all subsequent calls on the same RBU handle are no-ops
@@ -185507,7 +196622,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_step(sqlite3rbu *pRbu);
 **
 ** If a power failure or application crash occurs during an update, following
 ** system recovery RBU may resume the update from the point at which the state
-** was last saved. In other words, from the most recent successful call to 
+** was last saved. In other words, from the most recent successful call to
 ** sqlite3rbu_close() or this function.
 **
 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
@@ -185515,7 +196630,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_step(sqlite3rbu *pRbu);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_savestate(sqlite3rbu *pRbu);
 
 /*
-** Close an RBU handle. 
+** Close an RBU handle.
 **
 ** If the RBU update has been completely applied, mark the RBU database
 ** as fully applied. Otherwise, assuming no error has occurred, save the
@@ -185529,20 +196644,20 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_savestate(sqlite3rbu *pRbu);
 ** eventually free any such buffer using sqlite3_free().
 **
 ** Otherwise, if no error occurs, this function returns SQLITE_OK if the
-** update has been partially applied, or SQLITE_DONE if it has been 
+** update has been partially applied, or SQLITE_DONE if it has been
 ** completely applied.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_close(sqlite3rbu *pRbu, char **pzErrmsg);
 
 /*
-** Return the total number of key-value operations (inserts, deletes or 
+** Return the total number of key-value operations (inserts, deletes or
 ** updates) that have been performed on the target database since the
 ** current RBU update was started.
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_progress(sqlite3rbu *pRbu);
 
 /*
-** Obtain permyriadage (permyriadage is to 10000 as percentage is to 100) 
+** Obtain permyriadage (permyriadage is to 10000 as percentage is to 100)
 ** progress indications for the two stages of an RBU update. This API may
 ** be useful for driving GUI progress indicators and similar.
 **
@@ -185555,16 +196670,16 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_progress(sqlite3rbu *pRbu);
 ** The update is visible to non-RBU clients during stage 2. During stage 1
 ** non-RBU reader clients may see the original database.
 **
-** If this API is called during stage 2 of the update, output variable 
+** If this API is called during stage 2 of the update, output variable
 ** (*pnOne) is set to 10000 to indicate that stage 1 has finished and (*pnTwo)
 ** to a value between 0 and 10000 to indicate the permyriadage progress of
-** stage 2. A value of 5000 indicates that stage 2 is half finished, 
+** stage 2. A value of 5000 indicates that stage 2 is half finished,
 ** 9000 indicates that it is 90% finished, and so on.
 **
-** If this API is called during stage 1 of the update, output variable 
+** If this API is called during stage 1 of the update, output variable
 ** (*pnTwo) is set to 0 to indicate that stage 2 has not yet started. The
-** value to which (*pnOne) is set depends on whether or not the RBU 
-** database contains an "rbu_count" table. The rbu_count table, if it 
+** value to which (*pnOne) is set depends on whether or not the RBU
+** database contains an "rbu_count" table. The rbu_count table, if it
 ** exists, must contain the same columns as the following:
 **
 **   CREATE TABLE rbu_count(tbl TEXT PRIMARY KEY, cnt INTEGER) WITHOUT ROWID;
@@ -185623,20 +196738,20 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_state(sqlite3rbu *pRbu);
 
 /*
 ** Create an RBU VFS named zName that accesses the underlying file-system
-** via existing VFS zParent. Or, if the zParent parameter is passed NULL, 
+** via existing VFS zParent. Or, if the zParent parameter is passed NULL,
 ** then the new RBU VFS uses the default system VFS to access the file-system.
-** The new object is registered as a non-default VFS with SQLite before 
+** The new object is registered as a non-default VFS with SQLite before
 ** returning.
 **
 ** Part of the RBU implementation uses a custom VFS object. Usually, this
-** object is created and deleted automatically by RBU. 
+** object is created and deleted automatically by RBU.
 **
 ** The exception is for applications that also use zipvfs. In this case,
 ** the custom VFS must be explicitly created by the user before the RBU
 ** handle is opened. The RBU VFS should be installed so that the zipvfs
-** VFS uses the RBU VFS, which in turn uses any other VFS layers in use 
+** VFS uses the RBU VFS, which in turn uses any other VFS layers in use
 ** (for example multiplexor) to access the file-system. For example,
-** to assemble an RBU enabled VFS stack that uses both zipvfs and 
+** to assemble an RBU enabled VFS stack that uses both zipvfs and
 ** multiplexor (error checking omitted):
 **
 **     // Create a VFS named "multiplex" (not the default).
@@ -185658,9 +196773,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_state(sqlite3rbu *pRbu);
 ** may be used by RBU clients. Attempting to use RBU with a zipvfs VFS stack
 ** that does not include the RBU layer results in an error.
 **
-** The overhead of adding the "rbu" VFS to the system is negligible for 
-** non-RBU users. There is no harm in an application accessing the 
-** file-system via "rbu" all the time, even if it only uses RBU functionality 
+** The overhead of adding the "rbu" VFS to the system is negligible for
+** non-RBU users. There is no harm in an application accessing the
+** file-system via "rbu" all the time, even if it only uses RBU functionality
 ** occasionally.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_create_vfs(const char *zName, const char *zParent);
@@ -185713,17 +196828,17 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3rbu_destroy_vfs(const char *zName);
 ** RBU_STATE_STAGE:
 **   May be set to integer values 1, 2, 4 or 5. As follows:
 **       1: the *-rbu file is currently under construction.
-**       2: the *-rbu file has been constructed, but not yet moved 
+**       2: the *-rbu file has been constructed, but not yet moved
 **          to the *-wal path.
 **       4: the checkpoint is underway.
 **       5: the rbu update has been checkpointed.
 **
 ** RBU_STATE_TBL:
-**   Only valid if STAGE==1. The target database name of the table 
+**   Only valid if STAGE==1. The target database name of the table
 **   currently being written.
 **
 ** RBU_STATE_IDX:
-**   Only valid if STAGE==1. The target database name of the index 
+**   Only valid if STAGE==1. The target database name of the index
 **   currently being written, or NULL if the main table is currently being
 **   updated.
 **
@@ -185743,14 +196858,14 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3rbu_destroy_vfs(const char *zName);
 **   be continued if this happens).
 **
 ** RBU_STATE_COOKIE:
-**   Valid if STAGE==1. The current change-counter cookie value in the 
+**   Valid if STAGE==1. The current change-counter cookie value in the
 **   target db file.
 **
 ** RBU_STATE_OALSZ:
 **   Valid if STAGE==1. The size in bytes of the *-oal file.
 **
 ** RBU_STATE_DATATBL:
-**   Only valid if STAGE==1. The RBU database name of the table 
+**   Only valid if STAGE==1. The RBU database name of the table
 **   currently being read.
 */
 #define RBU_STATE_STAGE        1
@@ -185777,6 +196892,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3rbu_destroy_vfs(const char *zName);
 typedef struct RbuFrame RbuFrame;
 typedef struct RbuObjIter RbuObjIter;
 typedef struct RbuState RbuState;
+typedef struct RbuSpan RbuSpan;
 typedef struct rbu_vfs rbu_vfs;
 typedef struct rbu_file rbu_file;
 typedef struct RbuUpdateStmt RbuUpdateStmt;
@@ -185821,12 +196937,17 @@ struct RbuUpdateStmt {
   RbuUpdateStmt *pNext;
 };
 
+struct RbuSpan {
+  const char *zSpan;
+  int nSpan;
+};
+
 /*
 ** An iterator of this type is used to iterate through all objects in
 ** the target database that require updating. For each such table, the
 ** iterator visits, in order:
 **
-**     * the table itself, 
+**     * the table itself,
 **     * each index of the table (zero or more points to visit), and
 **     * a special "cleanup table" state.
 **
@@ -185835,7 +196956,12 @@ struct RbuUpdateStmt {
 **   it points to an array of flags nTblCol elements in size. The flag is
 **   set for each column that is either a part of the PK or a part of an
 **   index. Or clear otherwise.
-**   
+**
+**   If there are one or more partial indexes on the table, all fields of
+**   this array set set to 1. This is because in that case, the module has
+**   no way to tell which fields will be required to add and remove entries
+**   from the partial indexes.
+**
 */
 struct RbuObjIter {
   sqlite3_stmt *pTblIter;         /* Iterate through tables */
@@ -185865,6 +196991,9 @@ struct RbuObjIter {
   sqlite3_stmt *pInsert;          /* Statement for INSERT operations */
   sqlite3_stmt *pDelete;          /* Statement for DELETE ops */
   sqlite3_stmt *pTmpInsert;       /* Insert into rbu_tmp_$zDataTbl */
+  int nIdxCol;
+  RbuSpan *aIdxCol;
+  char *zIdxSql;
 
   /* Last UPDATE used (for PK b-tree updates only), or NULL. */
   RbuUpdateStmt *pRbuUpdate;
@@ -185914,7 +197043,7 @@ struct RbuFrame {
 **
 ** nPhaseOneStep:
 **   If the RBU database contains an rbu_count table, this value is set to
-**   a running estimate of the number of b-tree operations required to 
+**   a running estimate of the number of b-tree operations required to
 **   finish populating the *-oal file. This allows the sqlite3_bp_progress()
 **   API to calculate the permyriadage progress of populating the *-oal file
 **   using the formula:
@@ -185934,7 +197063,7 @@ struct RbuFrame {
 **
 **     * the RBU update contains any UPDATE operations. If the PK specified
 **       for an UPDATE operation does not exist in the target table, then
-**       no b-tree operations are required on index b-trees. Or if the 
+**       no b-tree operations are required on index b-trees. Or if the
 **       specified PK does exist, then (nIndex*2) such operations are
 **       required (one delete and one insert on each index b-tree).
 **
@@ -186000,7 +197129,8 @@ struct rbu_vfs {
   sqlite3_vfs *pRealVfs;          /* Underlying VFS */
   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;           /* Mutex to protect pMain */
   sqlite3rbu *pRbu;               /* Owner RBU object */
-  rbu_file *pMain;                /* Linked list of main db files */
+  rbu_file *pMain;                /* List of main db files */
+  rbu_file *pMainRbu;             /* List of main db files with pRbu!=0 */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -186029,6 +197159,7 @@ struct rbu_file {
   const char *zWal;               /* Wal filename for this main db file */
   rbu_file *pWalFd;               /* Wal file descriptor for this main db */
   rbu_file *pMainNext;            /* Next MAIN_DB file */
+  rbu_file *pMainRbuNext;         /* Next MAIN_DB file with pRbu!=0 */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -186277,6 +197408,7 @@ static void rbuFossilDeltaFunc(
   }else{
     nOut2 = rbuDeltaApply(aOrig, nOrig, aDelta, nDelta, aOut);
     if( nOut2!=nOut ){
+      sqlite3_free(aOut);
       sqlite3_result_error(context, "corrupt fossil delta", -1);
     }else{
       sqlite3_result_blob(context, aOut, nOut, sqlite3_free);
@@ -186288,7 +197420,7 @@ static void rbuFossilDeltaFunc(
 /*
 ** Prepare the SQL statement in buffer zSql against database handle db.
 ** If successful, set *ppStmt to point to the new statement and return
-** SQLITE_OK. 
+** SQLITE_OK.
 **
 ** Otherwise, if an error does occur, set *ppStmt to NULL and return
 ** an SQLite error code. Additionally, set output variable *pzErrmsg to
@@ -186296,7 +197428,7 @@ static void rbuFossilDeltaFunc(
 ** of the caller to (eventually) free this buffer using sqlite3_free().
 */
 static int prepareAndCollectError(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
+  sqlite3 *db,
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,
   char **pzErrmsg,
   const char *zSql
@@ -186328,9 +197460,9 @@ static int resetAndCollectError(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, char **pzErrmsg){
 /*
 ** Unless it is NULL, argument zSql points to a buffer allocated using
 ** sqlite3_malloc containing an SQL statement. This function prepares the SQL
-** statement against database db and frees the buffer. If statement 
-** compilation is successful, *ppStmt is set to point to the new statement 
-** handle and SQLITE_OK is returned. 
+** statement against database db and frees the buffer. If statement
+** compilation is successful, *ppStmt is set to point to the new statement
+** handle and SQLITE_OK is returned.
 **
 ** Otherwise, if an error occurs, *ppStmt is set to NULL and an error code
 ** returned. In this case, *pzErrmsg may also be set to point to an error
@@ -186341,7 +197473,7 @@ static int resetAndCollectError(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, char **pzErrmsg){
 ** In this case SQLITE_NOMEM is returned and *ppStmt set to NULL.
 */
 static int prepareFreeAndCollectError(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
+  sqlite3 *db,
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,
   char **pzErrmsg,
   char *zSql
@@ -186396,13 +197528,18 @@ static void rbuObjIterClearStatements(RbuObjIter *pIter){
     sqlite3_free(pUp);
     pUp = pTmp;
   }
-  
+  sqlite3_free(pIter->aIdxCol);
+  sqlite3_free(pIter->zIdxSql);
+
   pIter->pSelect = 0;
   pIter->pInsert = 0;
   pIter->pDelete = 0;
   pIter->pRbuUpdate = 0;
   pIter->pTmpInsert = 0;
   pIter->nCol = 0;
+  pIter->nIdxCol = 0;
+  pIter->aIdxCol = 0;
+  pIter->zIdxSql = 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -186420,16 +197557,16 @@ static void rbuObjIterFinalize(RbuObjIter *pIter){
 /*
 ** Advance the iterator to the next position.
 **
-** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned and the iterator is left 
-** pointing to the next entry. Otherwise, an error code and message is 
-** left in the RBU handle passed as the first argument. A copy of the 
+** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned and the iterator is left
+** pointing to the next entry. Otherwise, an error code and message is
+** left in the RBU handle passed as the first argument. A copy of the
 ** error code is returned.
 */
 static int rbuObjIterNext(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
   int rc = p->rc;
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
 
-    /* Free any SQLite statements used while processing the previous object */ 
+    /* Free any SQLite statements used while processing the previous object */
     rbuObjIterClearStatements(pIter);
     if( pIter->zIdx==0 ){
       rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbMain,
@@ -186488,7 +197625,7 @@ static int rbuObjIterNext(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
 ** The implementation of the rbu_target_name() SQL function. This function
 ** accepts one or two arguments. The first argument is the name of a table -
 ** the name of a table in the RBU database.  The second, if it is present, is 1
-** for a view or 0 for a table. 
+** for a view or 0 for a table.
 **
 ** For a non-vacuum RBU handle, if the table name matches the pattern:
 **
@@ -186517,6 +197654,7 @@ static void rbuTargetNameFunc(
   zIn = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
   if( zIn ){
     if( rbuIsVacuum(p) ){
+      assert( argc==2 || argc==1 );
       if( argc==1 || 0==sqlite3_value_int(argv[1]) ){
         sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, zIn, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
       }
@@ -186535,19 +197673,19 @@ static void rbuTargetNameFunc(
 /*
 ** Initialize the iterator structure passed as the second argument.
 **
-** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned and the iterator is left 
-** pointing to the first entry. Otherwise, an error code and message is 
-** left in the RBU handle passed as the first argument. A copy of the 
+** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned and the iterator is left
+** pointing to the first entry. Otherwise, an error code and message is
+** left in the RBU handle passed as the first argument. A copy of the
 ** error code is returned.
 */
 static int rbuObjIterFirst(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
   int rc;
   memset(pIter, 0, sizeof(RbuObjIter));
 
-  rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pIter->pTblIter, &p->zErrmsg, 
+  rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pIter->pTblIter, &p->zErrmsg,
     sqlite3_mprintf(
       "SELECT rbu_target_name(name, type='view') AS target, name "
-      "FROM sqlite_master "
+      "FROM sqlite_schema "
       "WHERE type IN ('table', 'view') AND target IS NOT NULL "
       " %s "
       "ORDER BY name"
@@ -186556,7 +197694,7 @@ static int rbuObjIterFirst(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = prepareAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pIter->pIdxIter, &p->zErrmsg,
         "SELECT name, rootpage, sql IS NULL OR substr(8, 6)=='UNIQUE' "
-        "  FROM main.sqlite_master "
+        "  FROM main.sqlite_schema "
         "  WHERE type='index' AND tbl_name = ?"
     );
   }
@@ -186572,7 +197710,7 @@ static int rbuObjIterFirst(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
 **
 ** If an error has already occurred (p->rc is already set to something other
 ** than SQLITE_OK), then this function returns NULL without modifying the
-** stored error code. In this case it still calls sqlite3_free() on any 
+** stored error code. In this case it still calls sqlite3_free() on any
 ** printf() parameters associated with %z conversions.
 */
 static char *rbuMPrintf(sqlite3rbu *p, const char *zFmt, ...){
@@ -186618,16 +197756,16 @@ static int rbuMPrintfExec(sqlite3rbu *p, sqlite3 *db, const char *zFmt, ...){
 }
 
 /*
-** Attempt to allocate and return a pointer to a zeroed block of nByte 
-** bytes. 
+** Attempt to allocate and return a pointer to a zeroed block of nByte
+** bytes.
 **
-** If an error (i.e. an OOM condition) occurs, return NULL and leave an 
-** error code in the rbu handle passed as the first argument. Or, if an 
-** error has already occurred when this function is called, return NULL 
+** If an error (i.e. an OOM condition) occurs, return NULL and leave an
+** error code in the rbu handle passed as the first argument. Or, if an
+** error has already occurred when this function is called, return NULL
 ** immediately without attempting the allocation or modifying the stored
 ** error code.
 */
-static void *rbuMalloc(sqlite3rbu *p, int nByte){
+static void *rbuMalloc(sqlite3rbu *p, sqlite3_int64 nByte){
   void *pRet = 0;
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     assert( nByte>0 );
@@ -186648,7 +197786,7 @@ static void *rbuMalloc(sqlite3rbu *p, int nByte){
 ** error code in the RBU handle passed as the first argument.
 */
 static void rbuAllocateIterArrays(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter, int nCol){
-  int nByte = (2*sizeof(char*) + sizeof(int) + 3*sizeof(u8)) * nCol;
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte = (2*sizeof(char*) + sizeof(int) + 3*sizeof(u8)) * nCol;
   char **azNew;
 
   azNew = (char**)rbuMalloc(p, nByte);
@@ -186675,14 +197813,15 @@ static void rbuAllocateIterArrays(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter, int nCol){
 static char *rbuStrndup(const char *zStr, int *pRc){
   char *zRet = 0;
 
-  assert( *pRc==SQLITE_OK );
-  if( zStr ){
-    size_t nCopy = strlen(zStr) + 1;
-    zRet = (char*)sqlite3_malloc64(nCopy);
-    if( zRet ){
-      memcpy(zRet, zStr, nCopy);
-    }else{
-      *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( zStr ){
+      size_t nCopy = strlen(zStr) + 1;
+      zRet = (char*)sqlite3_malloc64(nCopy);
+      if( zRet ){
+        memcpy(zRet, zStr, nCopy);
+      }else{
+        *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -186719,7 +197858,7 @@ static void rbuFinalize(sqlite3rbu *p, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
 **     RBU_PK_VTAB:          Table is a virtual table.
 **
 **   Argument *piPk is also of type (int*), and also points to an output
-**   parameter. Unless the table has an external primary key index 
+**   parameter. Unless the table has an external primary key index
 **   (i.e. unless *peType is set to 3), then *piPk is set to zero. Or,
 **   if the table does have an external primary key index, then *piPk
 **   is set to the root page number of the primary key index before
@@ -186727,12 +197866,12 @@ static void rbuFinalize(sqlite3rbu *p, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
 **
 ** ALGORITHM:
 **
-**   if( no entry exists in sqlite_master ){
+**   if( no entry exists in sqlite_schema ){
 **     return RBU_PK_NOTABLE
 **   }else if( sql for the entry starts with "CREATE VIRTUAL" ){
 **     return RBU_PK_VTAB
 **   }else if( "PRAGMA index_list()" for the table contains a "pk" index ){
-**     if( the index that is the pk exists in sqlite_master ){
+**     if( the index that is the pk exists in sqlite_schema ){
 **       *piPK = rootpage of that index.
 **       return RBU_PK_EXTERNAL
 **     }else{
@@ -186752,9 +197891,9 @@ static void rbuTableType(
   int *piPk
 ){
   /*
-  ** 0) SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_master where name=%Q AND IsVirtual(%Q)
+  ** 0) SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_schema where name=%Q AND IsVirtual(%Q)
   ** 1) PRAGMA index_list = ?
-  ** 2) SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_master where name=%Q 
+  ** 2) SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_schema where name=%Q
   ** 3) PRAGMA table_info = ?
   */
   sqlite3_stmt *aStmt[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
@@ -186763,10 +197902,10 @@ static void rbuTableType(
   *piPk = 0;
 
   assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK );
-  p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &aStmt[0], &p->zErrmsg, 
+  p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &aStmt[0], &p->zErrmsg,
     sqlite3_mprintf(
           "SELECT (sql LIKE 'create virtual%%'), rootpage"
-          "  FROM sqlite_master"
+          "  FROM sqlite_schema"
           " WHERE name=%Q", zTab
   ));
   if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK || sqlite3_step(aStmt[0])!=SQLITE_ROW ){
@@ -186779,7 +197918,7 @@ static void rbuTableType(
   }
   *piTnum = sqlite3_column_int(aStmt[0], 1);
 
-  p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &aStmt[1], &p->zErrmsg, 
+  p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &aStmt[1], &p->zErrmsg,
     sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA index_list=%Q",zTab)
   );
   if( p->rc ) goto rbuTableType_end;
@@ -186787,9 +197926,9 @@ static void rbuTableType(
     const u8 *zOrig = sqlite3_column_text(aStmt[1], 3);
     const u8 *zIdx = sqlite3_column_text(aStmt[1], 1);
     if( zOrig && zIdx && zOrig[0]=='p' ){
-      p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &aStmt[2], &p->zErrmsg, 
+      p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &aStmt[2], &p->zErrmsg,
           sqlite3_mprintf(
-            "SELECT rootpage FROM sqlite_master WHERE name = %Q", zIdx
+            "SELECT rootpage FROM sqlite_schema WHERE name = %Q", zIdx
       ));
       if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         if( sqlite3_step(aStmt[2])==SQLITE_ROW ){
@@ -186803,7 +197942,7 @@ static void rbuTableType(
     }
   }
 
-  p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &aStmt[3], &p->zErrmsg, 
+  p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &aStmt[3], &p->zErrmsg,
     sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA table_info=%Q",zTab)
   );
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -186842,14 +197981,21 @@ static void rbuObjIterCacheIndexedCols(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
   pIter->nIndex = 0;
   while( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pList) ){
     const char *zIdx = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pList, 1);
+    int bPartial = sqlite3_column_int(pList, 4);
     sqlite3_stmt *pXInfo = 0;
     if( zIdx==0 ) break;
+    if( bPartial ){
+      memset(pIter->abIndexed, 0x01, sizeof(u8)*pIter->nTblCol);
+    }
     p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pXInfo, &p->zErrmsg,
         sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA main.index_xinfo = %Q", zIdx)
     );
     while( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pXInfo) ){
       int iCid = sqlite3_column_int(pXInfo, 1);
       if( iCid>=0 ) pIter->abIndexed[iCid] = 1;
+      if( iCid==-2 ){
+        memset(pIter->abIndexed, 0x01, sizeof(u8)*pIter->nTblCol);
+      }
     }
     rbuFinalize(p, pXInfo);
     bIndex = 1;
@@ -186872,7 +198018,7 @@ static void rbuObjIterCacheIndexedCols(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
 ** the table (not index) that the iterator currently points to.
 **
 ** Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise. If
-** an error does occur, an error code and error message are also left in 
+** an error does occur, an error code and error message are also left in
 ** the RBU handle.
 */
 static int rbuObjIterCacheTableInfo(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
@@ -186894,7 +198040,7 @@ static int rbuObjIterCacheTableInfo(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
     if( p->rc ) return p->rc;
     if( pIter->zIdx==0 ) pIter->iTnum = iTnum;
 
-    assert( pIter->eType==RBU_PK_NONE || pIter->eType==RBU_PK_IPK 
+    assert( pIter->eType==RBU_PK_NONE || pIter->eType==RBU_PK_IPK
          || pIter->eType==RBU_PK_EXTERNAL || pIter->eType==RBU_PK_WITHOUT_ROWID
          || pIter->eType==RBU_PK_VTAB
     );
@@ -186902,7 +198048,7 @@ static int rbuObjIterCacheTableInfo(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
     /* Populate the azTblCol[] and nTblCol variables based on the columns
     ** of the input table. Ignore any input table columns that begin with
     ** "rbu_".  */
-    p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pStmt, &p->zErrmsg, 
+    p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pStmt, &p->zErrmsg,
         sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT * FROM '%q'", pIter->zDataTbl)
     );
     if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -186938,7 +198084,7 @@ static int rbuObjIterCacheTableInfo(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
     ** present in the input table. Populate the abTblPk[], azTblType[] and
     ** aiTblOrder[] arrays at the same time.  */
     if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pStmt, &p->zErrmsg, 
+      p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pStmt, &p->zErrmsg,
           sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA table_info(%Q)", pIter->zTbl)
       );
     }
@@ -186964,7 +198110,8 @@ static int rbuObjIterCacheTableInfo(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
         }
 
         pIter->azTblType[iOrder] = rbuStrndup(zType, &p->rc);
-        pIter->abTblPk[iOrder] = (iPk!=0);
+        assert( iPk>=0 );
+        pIter->abTblPk[iOrder] = (u8)iPk;
         pIter->abNotNull[iOrder] = (u8)bNotNull || (iPk!=0);
         iOrder++;
       }
@@ -186980,8 +198127,8 @@ static int rbuObjIterCacheTableInfo(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function constructs and returns a pointer to a nul-terminated 
-** string containing some SQL clause or list based on one or more of the 
+** This function constructs and returns a pointer to a nul-terminated
+** string containing some SQL clause or list based on one or more of the
 ** column names currently stored in the pIter->azTblCol[] array.
 */
 static char *rbuObjIterGetCollist(
@@ -187000,23 +198147,230 @@ static char *rbuObjIterGetCollist(
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is used to create a SELECT list (the list of SQL 
-** expressions that follows a SELECT keyword) for a SELECT statement 
-** used to read from an data_xxx or rbu_tmp_xxx table while updating the 
-** index object currently indicated by the iterator object passed as the 
-** second argument. A "PRAGMA index_xinfo = <idxname>" statement is used 
+** Return a comma separated list of the quoted PRIMARY KEY column names,
+** in order, for the current table. Before each column name, add the text
+** zPre. After each column name, add the zPost text. Use zSeparator as
+** the separator text (usually ", ").
+*/
+static char *rbuObjIterGetPkList(
+  sqlite3rbu *p,                  /* RBU object */
+  RbuObjIter *pIter,              /* Object iterator for column names */
+  const char *zPre,               /* Before each quoted column name */
+  const char *zSeparator,         /* Separator to use between columns */
+  const char *zPost               /* After each quoted column name */
+){
+  int iPk = 1;
+  char *zRet = 0;
+  const char *zSep = "";
+  while( 1 ){
+    int i;
+    for(i=0; i<pIter->nTblCol; i++){
+      if( (int)pIter->abTblPk[i]==iPk ){
+        const char *zCol = pIter->azTblCol[i];
+        zRet = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s%s\"%w\"%s", zRet, zSep, zPre, zCol, zPost);
+        zSep = zSeparator;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if( i==pIter->nTblCol ) break;
+    iPk++;
+  }
+  return zRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is called as part of restarting an RBU vacuum within
+** stage 1 of the process (while the *-oal file is being built) while
+** updating a table (not an index). The table may be a rowid table or
+** a WITHOUT ROWID table. It queries the target database to find the
+** largest key that has already been written to the target table and
+** constructs a WHERE clause that can be used to extract the remaining
+** rows from the source table. For a rowid table, the WHERE clause
+** is of the form:
+**
+**     "WHERE _rowid_ > ?"
+**
+** and for WITHOUT ROWID tables:
+**
+**     "WHERE (key1, key2) > (?, ?)"
+**
+** Instead of "?" placeholders, the actual WHERE clauses created by
+** this function contain literal SQL values.
+*/
+static char *rbuVacuumTableStart(
+  sqlite3rbu *p,                  /* RBU handle */
+  RbuObjIter *pIter,              /* RBU iterator object */
+  int bRowid,                     /* True for a rowid table */
+  const char *zWrite              /* Target table name prefix */
+){
+  sqlite3_stmt *pMax = 0;
+  char *zRet = 0;
+  if( bRowid ){
+    p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pMax, &p->zErrmsg,
+        sqlite3_mprintf(
+          "SELECT max(_rowid_) FROM \"%s%w\"", zWrite, pIter->zTbl
+        )
+    );
+    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pMax) ){
+      sqlite3_int64 iMax = sqlite3_column_int64(pMax, 0);
+      zRet = rbuMPrintf(p, " WHERE _rowid_ > %lld ", iMax);
+    }
+    rbuFinalize(p, pMax);
+  }else{
+    char *zOrder = rbuObjIterGetPkList(p, pIter, "", ", ", " DESC");
+    char *zSelect = rbuObjIterGetPkList(p, pIter, "quote(", "||','||", ")");
+    char *zList = rbuObjIterGetPkList(p, pIter, "", ", ", "");
+
+    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pMax, &p->zErrmsg,
+          sqlite3_mprintf(
+            "SELECT %s FROM \"%s%w\" ORDER BY %s LIMIT 1",
+                zSelect, zWrite, pIter->zTbl, zOrder
+          )
+      );
+      if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pMax) ){
+        const char *zVal = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pMax, 0);
+        zRet = rbuMPrintf(p, " WHERE (%s) > (%s) ", zList, zVal);
+      }
+      rbuFinalize(p, pMax);
+    }
+
+    sqlite3_free(zOrder);
+    sqlite3_free(zSelect);
+    sqlite3_free(zList);
+  }
+  return zRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is called as part of restating an RBU vacuum when the
+** current operation is writing content to an index. If possible, it
+** queries the target index b-tree for the largest key already written to
+** it, then composes and returns an expression that can be used in a WHERE
+** clause to select the remaining required rows from the source table.
+** It is only possible to return such an expression if:
+**
+**   * The index contains no DESC columns, and
+**   * The last key written to the index before the operation was
+**     suspended does not contain any NULL values.
+**
+** The expression is of the form:
+**
+**   (index-field1, index-field2, ...) > (?, ?, ...)
+**
+** except that the "?" placeholders are replaced with literal values.
+**
+** If the expression cannot be created, NULL is returned. In this case,
+** the caller has to use an OFFSET clause to extract only the required
+** rows from the sourct table, just as it does for an RBU update operation.
+*/
+char *rbuVacuumIndexStart(
+  sqlite3rbu *p,                  /* RBU handle */
+  RbuObjIter *pIter               /* RBU iterator object */
+){
+  char *zOrder = 0;
+  char *zLhs = 0;
+  char *zSelect = 0;
+  char *zVector = 0;
+  char *zRet = 0;
+  int bFailed = 0;
+  const char *zSep = "";
+  int iCol = 0;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pXInfo = 0;
+
+  p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pXInfo, &p->zErrmsg,
+      sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA main.index_xinfo = %Q", pIter->zIdx)
+  );
+  while( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pXInfo) ){
+    int iCid = sqlite3_column_int(pXInfo, 1);
+    const char *zCollate = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pXInfo, 4);
+    const char *zCol;
+    if( sqlite3_column_int(pXInfo, 3) ){
+      bFailed = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if( iCid<0 ){
+      if( pIter->eType==RBU_PK_IPK ){
+        int i;
+        for(i=0; pIter->abTblPk[i]==0; i++);
+        assert( i<pIter->nTblCol );
+        zCol = pIter->azTblCol[i];
+      }else{
+        zCol = "_rowid_";
+      }
+    }else{
+      zCol = pIter->azTblCol[iCid];
+    }
+
+    zLhs = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s \"%w\" COLLATE %Q",
+        zLhs, zSep, zCol, zCollate
+        );
+    zOrder = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s \"rbu_imp_%d%w\" COLLATE %Q DESC",
+        zOrder, zSep, iCol, zCol, zCollate
+        );
+    zSelect = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s quote(\"rbu_imp_%d%w\")",
+        zSelect, zSep, iCol, zCol
+        );
+    zSep = ", ";
+    iCol++;
+  }
+  rbuFinalize(p, pXInfo);
+  if( bFailed ) goto index_start_out;
+
+  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_stmt *pSel = 0;
+
+    p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pSel, &p->zErrmsg,
+        sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT %s FROM \"rbu_imp_%w\" ORDER BY %s LIMIT 1",
+          zSelect, pIter->zTbl, zOrder
+        )
+    );
+    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSel) ){
+      zSep = "";
+      for(iCol=0; iCol<pIter->nCol; iCol++){
+        const char *zQuoted = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pSel, iCol);
+        if( zQuoted[0]=='N' ){
+          bFailed = 1;
+          break;
+        }
+        zVector = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s%s", zVector, zSep, zQuoted);
+        zSep = ", ";
+      }
+
+      if( !bFailed ){
+        zRet = rbuMPrintf(p, "(%s) > (%s)", zLhs, zVector);
+      }
+    }
+    rbuFinalize(p, pSel);
+  }
+
+ index_start_out:
+  sqlite3_free(zOrder);
+  sqlite3_free(zSelect);
+  sqlite3_free(zVector);
+  sqlite3_free(zLhs);
+  return zRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is used to create a SELECT list (the list of SQL
+** expressions that follows a SELECT keyword) for a SELECT statement
+** used to read from an data_xxx or rbu_tmp_xxx table while updating the
+** index object currently indicated by the iterator object passed as the
+** second argument. A "PRAGMA index_xinfo = <idxname>" statement is used
 ** to obtain the required information.
 **
 ** If the index is of the following form:
 **
 **   CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(c, b COLLATE nocase);
 **
-** and "t1" is a table with an explicit INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column 
+** and "t1" is a table with an explicit INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column
 ** "ipk", the returned string is:
 **
 **   "`c` COLLATE 'BINARY', `b` COLLATE 'NOCASE', `ipk` COLLATE 'BINARY'"
 **
-** As well as the returned string, three other malloc'd strings are 
+** As well as the returned string, three other malloc'd strings are
 ** returned via output parameters. As follows:
 **
 **   pzImposterCols: ...
@@ -187053,36 +198407,44 @@ static char *rbuObjIterGetIndexCols(
     int iCid = sqlite3_column_int(pXInfo, 1);
     int bDesc = sqlite3_column_int(pXInfo, 3);
     const char *zCollate = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pXInfo, 4);
-    const char *zCol;
+    const char *zCol = 0;
     const char *zType;
 
-    if( iCid<0 ){
-      /* An integer primary key. If the table has an explicit IPK, use
-      ** its name. Otherwise, use "rbu_rowid".  */
-      if( pIter->eType==RBU_PK_IPK ){
-        int i;
-        for(i=0; pIter->abTblPk[i]==0; i++);
-        assert( i<pIter->nTblCol );
-        zCol = pIter->azTblCol[i];
-      }else if( rbuIsVacuum(p) ){
-        zCol = "_rowid_";
+    if( iCid==-2 ){
+      int iSeq = sqlite3_column_int(pXInfo, 0);
+      zRet = sqlite3_mprintf("%z%s(%.*s) COLLATE %Q", zRet, zCom,
+          pIter->aIdxCol[iSeq].nSpan, pIter->aIdxCol[iSeq].zSpan, zCollate
+      );
+      zType = "";
+    }else {
+      if( iCid<0 ){
+        /* An integer primary key. If the table has an explicit IPK, use
+        ** its name. Otherwise, use "rbu_rowid".  */
+        if( pIter->eType==RBU_PK_IPK ){
+          int i;
+          for(i=0; pIter->abTblPk[i]==0; i++);
+          assert( i<pIter->nTblCol );
+          zCol = pIter->azTblCol[i];
+        }else if( rbuIsVacuum(p) ){
+          zCol = "_rowid_";
+        }else{
+          zCol = "rbu_rowid";
+        }
+        zType = "INTEGER";
       }else{
-        zCol = "rbu_rowid";
+        zCol = pIter->azTblCol[iCid];
+        zType = pIter->azTblType[iCid];
       }
-      zType = "INTEGER";
-    }else{
-      zCol = pIter->azTblCol[iCid];
-      zType = pIter->azTblType[iCid];
+      zRet = sqlite3_mprintf("%z%s\"%w\" COLLATE %Q", zRet, zCom,zCol,zCollate);
     }
 
-    zRet = sqlite3_mprintf("%z%s\"%w\" COLLATE %Q", zRet, zCom, zCol, zCollate);
     if( pIter->bUnique==0 || sqlite3_column_int(pXInfo, 5) ){
       const char *zOrder = (bDesc ? " DESC" : "");
-      zImpPK = sqlite3_mprintf("%z%s\"rbu_imp_%d%w\"%s", 
+      zImpPK = sqlite3_mprintf("%z%s\"rbu_imp_%d%w\"%s",
           zImpPK, zCom, nBind, zCol, zOrder
       );
     }
-    zImpCols = sqlite3_mprintf("%z%s\"rbu_imp_%d%w\" %s COLLATE %Q", 
+    zImpCols = sqlite3_mprintf("%z%s\"rbu_imp_%d%w\" %s COLLATE %Q",
         zImpCols, zCom, nBind, zCol, zType, zCollate
     );
     zWhere = sqlite3_mprintf(
@@ -187128,7 +198490,7 @@ static char *rbuObjIterGetIndexCols(
 ** the text ", old._rowid_" to the returned value.
 */
 static char *rbuObjIterGetOldlist(
-  sqlite3rbu *p, 
+  sqlite3rbu *p,
   RbuObjIter *pIter,
   const char *zObj
 ){
@@ -187169,7 +198531,7 @@ static char *rbuObjIterGetOldlist(
 **   "b = ?1 AND c = ?2"
 */
 static char *rbuObjIterGetWhere(
-  sqlite3rbu *p, 
+  sqlite3rbu *p,
   RbuObjIter *pIter
 ){
   char *zList = 0;
@@ -187184,7 +198546,7 @@ static char *rbuObjIterGetWhere(
         zSep = " AND ";
       }
     }
-    zList = rbuMPrintf(p, 
+    zList = rbuMPrintf(p,
         "_rowid_ = (SELECT id FROM rbu_imposter2 WHERE %z)", zList
     );
 
@@ -187224,7 +198586,7 @@ static void rbuBadControlError(sqlite3rbu *p){
 **
 ** The memory for the returned string is obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually free it using
-** sqlite3_free(). 
+** sqlite3_free().
 **
 ** If an OOM error is encountered when allocating space for the new
 ** string, an error code is left in the rbu handle passed as the first
@@ -187248,19 +198610,19 @@ static char *rbuObjIterGetSetlist(
       for(i=0; i<pIter->nTblCol; i++){
         char c = zMask[pIter->aiSrcOrder[i]];
         if( c=='x' ){
-          zList = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s\"%w\"=?%d", 
+          zList = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s\"%w\"=?%d",
               zList, zSep, pIter->azTblCol[i], i+1
           );
           zSep = ", ";
         }
         else if( c=='d' ){
-          zList = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s\"%w\"=rbu_delta(\"%w\", ?%d)", 
+          zList = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s\"%w\"=rbu_delta(\"%w\", ?%d)",
               zList, zSep, pIter->azTblCol[i], pIter->azTblCol[i], i+1
           );
           zSep = ", ";
         }
         else if( c=='f' ){
-          zList = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s\"%w\"=rbu_fossil_delta(\"%w\", ?%d)", 
+          zList = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s\"%w\"=rbu_fossil_delta(\"%w\", ?%d)",
               zList, zSep, pIter->azTblCol[i], pIter->azTblCol[i], i+1
           );
           zSep = ", ";
@@ -187278,7 +198640,7 @@ static char *rbuObjIterGetSetlist(
 **
 ** The memory for the returned string is obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually free it using
-** sqlite3_free(). 
+** sqlite3_free().
 **
 ** If an OOM error is encountered when allocating space for the new
 ** string, an error code is left in the rbu handle passed as the first
@@ -187288,7 +198650,7 @@ static char *rbuObjIterGetSetlist(
 */
 static char *rbuObjIterGetBindlist(sqlite3rbu *p, int nBind){
   char *zRet = 0;
-  int nByte = nBind*2 + 1;
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte = 2*(sqlite3_int64)nBind + 1;
 
   zRet = (char*)rbuMalloc(p, nByte);
   if( zRet ){
@@ -187302,8 +198664,8 @@ static char *rbuObjIterGetBindlist(sqlite3rbu *p, int nBind){
 }
 
 /*
-** The iterator currently points to a table (not index) of type 
-** RBU_PK_WITHOUT_ROWID. This function creates the PRIMARY KEY 
+** The iterator currently points to a table (not index) of type
+** RBU_PK_WITHOUT_ROWID. This function creates the PRIMARY KEY
 ** declaration for the corresponding imposter table. For example,
 ** if the iterator points to a table created as:
 **
@@ -187320,7 +198682,7 @@ static char *rbuWithoutRowidPK(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
     const char *zSep = "PRIMARY KEY(";
     sqlite3_stmt *pXList = 0;     /* PRAGMA index_list = (pIter->zTbl) */
     sqlite3_stmt *pXInfo = 0;     /* PRAGMA index_xinfo = <pk-index> */
-   
+
     p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pXList, &p->zErrmsg,
         sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA main.index_list = %Q", pIter->zTbl)
     );
@@ -187358,7 +198720,7 @@ static char *rbuWithoutRowidPK(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
 ** a table b-tree where the table has an external primary key. If the
 ** iterator passed as the second argument does not currently point to
 ** a table (not index) with an external primary key, this function is a
-** no-op. 
+** no-op.
 **
 ** Assuming the iterator does point to a table with an external PK, this
 ** function creates a WITHOUT ROWID imposter table named "rbu_imposter2"
@@ -187385,8 +198747,8 @@ static void rbuCreateImposterTable2(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
     /* Figure out the name of the primary key index for the current table.
     ** This is needed for the argument to "PRAGMA index_xinfo". Set
     ** zIdx to point to a nul-terminated string containing this name. */
-    p->rc = prepareAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pQuery, &p->zErrmsg, 
-        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE rootpage = ?"
+    p->rc = prepareAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pQuery, &p->zErrmsg,
+        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_schema WHERE rootpage = ?"
     );
     if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       sqlite3_bind_int(pQuery, 1, tnum);
@@ -187407,7 +198769,7 @@ static void rbuCreateImposterTable2(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
         int iCid = sqlite3_column_int(pXInfo, 1);
         int bDesc = sqlite3_column_int(pXInfo, 3);
         const char *zCollate = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pXInfo, 4);
-        zCols = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%sc%d %s COLLATE %Q", zCols, zComma, 
+        zCols = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%sc%d %s COLLATE %Q", zCols, zComma,
             iCid, pIter->azTblType[iCid], zCollate
         );
         zPk = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%sc%d%s", zPk, zComma, iCid, bDesc?" DESC":"");
@@ -187419,7 +198781,7 @@ static void rbuCreateImposterTable2(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
 
     sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER, p->dbMain, "main", 1, tnum);
     rbuMPrintfExec(p, p->dbMain,
-        "CREATE TABLE rbu_imposter2(%z, PRIMARY KEY(%z)) WITHOUT ROWID", 
+        "CREATE TABLE rbu_imposter2(%z, PRIMARY KEY(%z)) WITHOUT ROWID",
         zCols, zPk
     );
     sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER, p->dbMain, "main", 0, 0);
@@ -187427,7 +198789,7 @@ static void rbuCreateImposterTable2(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
 }
 
 /*
-** If an error has already occurred when this function is called, it 
+** If an error has already occurred when this function is called, it
 ** immediately returns zero (without doing any work). Or, if an error
 ** occurs during the execution of this function, it sets the error code
 ** in the sqlite3rbu object indicated by the first argument and returns
@@ -187440,9 +198802,9 @@ static void rbuCreateImposterTable2(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
 ** an imposter table are created, or zero otherwise.
 **
 ** An imposter table is required in all cases except RBU_PK_VTAB. Only
-** virtual tables are written to directly. The imposter table has the 
-** same schema as the actual target table (less any UNIQUE constraints). 
-** More precisely, the "same schema" means the same columns, types, 
+** virtual tables are written to directly. The imposter table has the
+** same schema as the actual target table (less any UNIQUE constraints).
+** More precisely, the "same schema" means the same columns, types,
 ** collation sequences. For tables that do not have an external PRIMARY
 ** KEY, it also means the same PRIMARY KEY declaration.
 */
@@ -187468,7 +198830,7 @@ static void rbuCreateImposterTable(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
         ** "PRIMARY KEY" to the imposter table column declaration. */
         zPk = "PRIMARY KEY ";
       }
-      zSql = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s\"%w\" %s %sCOLLATE %Q%s", 
+      zSql = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s\"%w\" %s %sCOLLATE %Q%s",
           zSql, zComma, zCol, pIter->azTblType[iCol], zPk, zColl,
           (pIter->abNotNull[iCol] ? " NOT NULL" : "")
       );
@@ -187483,8 +198845,8 @@ static void rbuCreateImposterTable(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
     }
 
     sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER, p->dbMain, "main", 1, tnum);
-    rbuMPrintfExec(p, p->dbMain, "CREATE TABLE \"rbu_imp_%w\"(%z)%s", 
-        pIter->zTbl, zSql, 
+    rbuMPrintfExec(p, p->dbMain, "CREATE TABLE \"rbu_imp_%w\"(%z)%s",
+        pIter->zTbl, zSql,
         (pIter->eType==RBU_PK_WITHOUT_ROWID ? " WITHOUT ROWID" : "")
     );
     sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER, p->dbMain, "main", 0, 0);
@@ -187498,12 +198860,12 @@ static void rbuCreateImposterTable(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
 **     INSERT INTO rbu_tmp_xxx VALUES(?, ?, ? ...);
 **
 ** The number of bound variables is equal to the number of columns in
-** the target table, plus one (for the rbu_control column), plus one more 
-** (for the rbu_rowid column) if the target table is an implicit IPK or 
+** the target table, plus one (for the rbu_control column), plus one more
+** (for the rbu_rowid column) if the target table is an implicit IPK or
 ** virtual table.
 */
 static void rbuObjIterPrepareTmpInsert(
-  sqlite3rbu *p, 
+  sqlite3rbu *p,
   RbuObjIter *pIter,
   const char *zCollist,
   const char *zRbuRowid
@@ -187514,14 +198876,14 @@ static void rbuObjIterPrepareTmpInsert(
     assert( pIter->pTmpInsert==0 );
     p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(
         p->dbRbu, &pIter->pTmpInsert, &p->zErrmsg, sqlite3_mprintf(
-          "INSERT INTO %s.'rbu_tmp_%q'(rbu_control,%s%s) VALUES(%z)", 
+          "INSERT INTO %s.'rbu_tmp_%q'(rbu_control,%s%s) VALUES(%z)",
           p->zStateDb, pIter->zDataTbl, zCollist, zRbuRowid, zBind
     ));
   }
 }
 
 static void rbuTmpInsertFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
   int nVal,
   sqlite3_value **apVal
 ){
@@ -187530,8 +198892,8 @@ static void rbuTmpInsertFunc(
   int i;
 
   assert( sqlite3_value_int(apVal[0])!=0
-      || p->objiter.eType==RBU_PK_EXTERNAL 
-      || p->objiter.eType==RBU_PK_NONE 
+      || p->objiter.eType==RBU_PK_EXTERNAL
+      || p->objiter.eType==RBU_PK_NONE
   );
   if( sqlite3_value_int(apVal[0])!=0 ){
     p->nPhaseOneStep += p->objiter.nIndex;
@@ -187550,13 +198912,108 @@ static void rbuTmpInsertFunc(
   }
 }
 
+static char *rbuObjIterGetIndexWhere(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
+  int rc = p->rc;
+  char *zRet = 0;
+
+  assert( pIter->zIdxSql==0 && pIter->nIdxCol==0 && pIter->aIdxCol==0 );
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = prepareAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pStmt, &p->zErrmsg,
+        "SELECT trim(sql) FROM sqlite_schema WHERE type='index' AND name=?"
+    );
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    int rc2;
+    rc = sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, 1, pIter->zIdx, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
+      char *zSql = (char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0);
+      if( zSql ){
+        pIter->zIdxSql = zSql = rbuStrndup(zSql, &rc);
+      }
+      if( zSql ){
+        int nParen = 0;           /* Number of open parenthesis */
+        int i;
+        int iIdxCol = 0;
+        int nIdxAlloc = 0;
+        for(i=0; zSql[i]; i++){
+          char c = zSql[i];
+
+          /* If necessary, grow the pIter->aIdxCol[] array */
+          if( iIdxCol==nIdxAlloc ){
+            RbuSpan *aIdxCol = (RbuSpan*)sqlite3_realloc(
+                pIter->aIdxCol, (nIdxAlloc+16)*sizeof(RbuSpan)
+            );
+            if( aIdxCol==0 ){
+              rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+              break;
+            }
+            pIter->aIdxCol = aIdxCol;
+            nIdxAlloc += 16;
+          }
+
+          if( c=='(' ){
+            if( nParen==0 ){
+              assert( iIdxCol==0 );
+              pIter->aIdxCol[0].zSpan = &zSql[i+1];
+            }
+            nParen++;
+          }
+          else if( c==')' ){
+            nParen--;
+            if( nParen==0 ){
+              int nSpan = &zSql[i] - pIter->aIdxCol[iIdxCol].zSpan;
+              pIter->aIdxCol[iIdxCol++].nSpan = nSpan;
+              i++;
+              break;
+            }
+          }else if( c==',' && nParen==1 ){
+            int nSpan = &zSql[i] - pIter->aIdxCol[iIdxCol].zSpan;
+            pIter->aIdxCol[iIdxCol++].nSpan = nSpan;
+            pIter->aIdxCol[iIdxCol].zSpan = &zSql[i+1];
+          }else if( c=='"' || c=='\'' || c=='`' ){
+            for(i++; 1; i++){
+              if( zSql[i]==c ){
+                if( zSql[i+1]!=c ) break;
+                i++;
+              }
+            }
+          }else if( c=='[' ){
+            for(i++; 1; i++){
+              if( zSql[i]==']' ) break;
+            }
+          }else if( c=='-' && zSql[i+1]=='-' ){
+            for(i=i+2; zSql[i] && zSql[i]!='\n'; i++);
+            if( zSql[i]=='\0' ) break;
+          }else if( c=='/' && zSql[i+1]=='*' ){
+            for(i=i+2; zSql[i] && (zSql[i]!='*' || zSql[i+1]!='/'); i++);
+            if( zSql[i]=='\0' ) break;
+            i++;
+          }
+        }
+        if( zSql[i] ){
+          zRet = rbuStrndup(&zSql[i], &rc);
+        }
+        pIter->nIdxCol = iIdxCol;
+      }
+    }
+
+    rc2 = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = rc2;
+  }
+
+  p->rc = rc;
+  return zRet;
+}
+
 /*
-** Ensure that the SQLite statement handles required to update the 
-** target database object currently indicated by the iterator passed 
+** Ensure that the SQLite statement handles required to update the
+** target database object currently indicated by the iterator passed
 ** as the second argument are available.
 */
 static int rbuObjIterPrepareAll(
-  sqlite3rbu *p, 
+  sqlite3rbu *p,
   RbuObjIter *pIter,
   int nOffset                     /* Add "LIMIT -1 OFFSET $nOffset" to SELECT */
 ){
@@ -187579,9 +199036,11 @@ static int rbuObjIterPrepareAll(
       char *zImposterPK = 0;      /* Primary key declaration for imposter */
       char *zWhere = 0;           /* WHERE clause on PK columns */
       char *zBind = 0;
+      char *zPart = 0;
       int nBind = 0;
 
       assert( pIter->eType!=RBU_PK_VTAB );
+      zPart = rbuObjIterGetIndexWhere(p, pIter);
       zCollist = rbuObjIterGetIndexCols(
           p, pIter, &zImposterCols, &zImposterPK, &zWhere, &nBind
       );
@@ -187617,39 +199076,58 @@ static int rbuObjIterPrepareAll(
       if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         char *zSql;
         if( rbuIsVacuum(p) ){
+          char *zStart = 0;
+          if( nOffset ){
+            zStart = rbuVacuumIndexStart(p, pIter);
+            if( zStart ){
+              sqlite3_free(zLimit);
+              zLimit = 0;
+            }
+          }
+
           zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-              "SELECT %s, 0 AS rbu_control FROM '%q' ORDER BY %s%s",
-              zCollist, 
+              "SELECT %s, 0 AS rbu_control FROM '%q' %s %s %s ORDER BY %s%s",
+              zCollist,
               pIter->zDataTbl,
+              zPart,
+              (zStart ? (zPart ? "AND" : "WHERE") : ""), zStart,
               zCollist, zLimit
           );
+          sqlite3_free(zStart);
         }else
 
         if( pIter->eType==RBU_PK_EXTERNAL || pIter->eType==RBU_PK_NONE ){
           zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-              "SELECT %s, rbu_control FROM %s.'rbu_tmp_%q' ORDER BY %s%s",
+              "SELECT %s, rbu_control FROM %s.'rbu_tmp_%q' %s ORDER BY %s%s",
               zCollist, p->zStateDb, pIter->zDataTbl,
-              zCollist, zLimit
+              zPart, zCollist, zLimit
           );
         }else{
           zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-              "SELECT %s, rbu_control FROM %s.'rbu_tmp_%q' "
+              "SELECT %s, rbu_control FROM %s.'rbu_tmp_%q' %s "
               "UNION ALL "
               "SELECT %s, rbu_control FROM '%q' "
-              "WHERE typeof(rbu_control)='integer' AND rbu_control!=1 "
+              "%s %s typeof(rbu_control)='integer' AND rbu_control!=1 "
               "ORDER BY %s%s",
-              zCollist, p->zStateDb, pIter->zDataTbl, 
-              zCollist, pIter->zDataTbl, 
+              zCollist, p->zStateDb, pIter->zDataTbl, zPart,
+              zCollist, pIter->zDataTbl,
+              zPart,
+              (zPart ? "AND" : "WHERE"),
               zCollist, zLimit
           );
         }
-        p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pIter->pSelect, pz, zSql);
+        if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbRbu,&pIter->pSelect,pz,zSql);
+        }else{
+          sqlite3_free(zSql);
+        }
       }
 
       sqlite3_free(zImposterCols);
       sqlite3_free(zImposterPK);
       sqlite3_free(zWhere);
       sqlite3_free(zBind);
+      sqlite3_free(zPart);
     }else{
       int bRbuRowid = (pIter->eType==RBU_PK_VTAB)
                     ||(pIter->eType==RBU_PK_NONE)
@@ -187674,7 +199152,7 @@ static int rbuObjIterPrepareAll(
       if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pIter->pInsert, pz,
             sqlite3_mprintf(
-              "INSERT INTO \"%s%w\"(%s%s) VALUES(%s)", 
+              "INSERT INTO \"%s%w\"(%s%s) VALUES(%s)",
               zWrite, zTbl, zCollist, (bRbuRowid ? ", _rowid_" : ""), zBindings
             )
         );
@@ -187742,18 +199220,42 @@ static int rbuObjIterPrepareAll(
       /* Create the SELECT statement to read keys from data_xxx */
       if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         const char *zRbuRowid = "";
+        char *zStart = 0;
+        char *zOrder = 0;
         if( bRbuRowid ){
           zRbuRowid = rbuIsVacuum(p) ? ",_rowid_ " : ",rbu_rowid";
         }
-        p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pIter->pSelect, pz,
-            sqlite3_mprintf(
-              "SELECT %s,%s rbu_control%s FROM '%q'%s", 
-              zCollist, 
-              (rbuIsVacuum(p) ? "0 AS " : ""),
-              zRbuRowid,
-              pIter->zDataTbl, zLimit
-            )
-        );
+
+        if( rbuIsVacuum(p) ){
+          if( nOffset ){
+            zStart = rbuVacuumTableStart(p, pIter, bRbuRowid, zWrite);
+            if( zStart ){
+              sqlite3_free(zLimit);
+              zLimit = 0;
+            }
+          }
+          if( bRbuRowid ){
+            zOrder = rbuMPrintf(p, "_rowid_");
+          }else{
+            zOrder = rbuObjIterGetPkList(p, pIter, "", ", ", "");
+          }
+        }
+
+        if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pIter->pSelect, pz,
+              sqlite3_mprintf(
+                "SELECT %s,%s rbu_control%s FROM '%q'%s %s %s %s",
+                zCollist,
+                (rbuIsVacuum(p) ? "0 AS " : ""),
+                zRbuRowid,
+                pIter->zDataTbl, (zStart ? zStart : ""),
+                (zOrder ? "ORDER BY" : ""), zOrder,
+                zLimit
+              )
+          );
+        }
+        sqlite3_free(zStart);
+        sqlite3_free(zOrder);
       }
 
       sqlite3_free(zWhere);
@@ -187764,16 +199266,16 @@ static int rbuObjIterPrepareAll(
     sqlite3_free(zCollist);
     sqlite3_free(zLimit);
   }
-  
+
   return p->rc;
 }
 
 /*
 ** Set output variable *ppStmt to point to an UPDATE statement that may
 ** be used to update the imposter table for the main table b-tree of the
-** table object that pIter currently points to, assuming that the 
+** table object that pIter currently points to, assuming that the
 ** rbu_control column of the data_xyz table contains zMask.
-** 
+**
 ** If the zMask string does not specify any columns to update, then this
 ** is not an error. Output variable *ppStmt is set to NULL in this case.
 */
@@ -187800,7 +199302,7 @@ static int rbuGetUpdateStmt(
       *pp = pUp->pNext;
       pUp->pNext = pIter->pRbuUpdate;
       pIter->pRbuUpdate = pUp;
-      *ppStmt = pUp->pUpdate; 
+      *ppStmt = pUp->pUpdate;
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
     nUp++;
@@ -187830,7 +199332,7 @@ static int rbuGetUpdateStmt(
       const char *zPrefix = "";
 
       if( pIter->eType!=RBU_PK_VTAB ) zPrefix = "rbu_imp_";
-      zUpdate = sqlite3_mprintf("UPDATE \"%s%w\" SET %s WHERE %s", 
+      zUpdate = sqlite3_mprintf("UPDATE \"%s%w\" SET %s WHERE %s",
           zPrefix, pIter->zTbl, zSet, zWhere
       );
       p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(
@@ -187846,8 +199348,8 @@ static int rbuGetUpdateStmt(
 }
 
 static sqlite3 *rbuOpenDbhandle(
-  sqlite3rbu *p, 
-  const char *zName, 
+  sqlite3rbu *p,
+  const char *zName,
   int bUseVfs
 ){
   sqlite3 *db = 0;
@@ -187876,8 +199378,8 @@ static void rbuFreeState(RbuState *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** Allocate an RbuState object and load the contents of the rbu_state 
-** table into it. Return a pointer to the new object. It is the 
+** Allocate an RbuState object and load the contents of the rbu_state
+** table into it. Return a pointer to the new object. It is the
 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the object using
 ** sqlite3_free().
 **
@@ -187893,7 +199395,7 @@ static RbuState *rbuLoadState(sqlite3rbu *p){
   pRet = (RbuState*)rbuMalloc(p, sizeof(RbuState));
   if( pRet==0 ) return 0;
 
-  rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pStmt, &p->zErrmsg, 
+  rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pStmt, &p->zErrmsg,
       sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT k, v FROM %s.rbu_state", p->zStateDb)
   );
   while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
@@ -188001,9 +199503,9 @@ static void rbuOpenDatabase(sqlite3rbu *p, int *pbRetry){
       int bOk = 0;
       sqlite3_stmt *pCnt = 0;
       p->rc = prepareAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pCnt, &p->zErrmsg,
-          "SELECT count(*) FROM stat.sqlite_master"
+          "SELECT count(*) FROM stat.sqlite_schema"
       );
-      if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK 
+      if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK
        && sqlite3_step(pCnt)==SQLITE_ROW
        && 1==sqlite3_column_int(pCnt, 0)
       ){
@@ -188016,7 +199518,7 @@ static void rbuOpenDatabase(sqlite3rbu *p, int *pbRetry){
         p->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
         p->zErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf("invalid state database");
       }
-    
+
       if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         p->rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbRbu, "COMMIT", 0, 0, 0);
       }
@@ -188070,7 +199572,7 @@ static void rbuOpenDatabase(sqlite3rbu *p, int *pbRetry){
         if( *zExtra=='\0' ) zExtra = 0;
       }
 
-      zTarget = sqlite3_mprintf("file:%s-vacuum?rbu_memory=1%s%s", 
+      zTarget = sqlite3_mprintf("file:%s-vactmp?rbu_memory=1%s%s",
           sqlite3_db_filename(p->dbRbu, "main"),
           (zExtra==0 ? "" : "&"), (zExtra==0 ? "" : zExtra)
       );
@@ -188085,19 +199587,19 @@ static void rbuOpenDatabase(sqlite3rbu *p, int *pbRetry){
   }
 
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    p->rc = sqlite3_create_function(p->dbMain, 
+    p->rc = sqlite3_create_function(p->dbMain,
         "rbu_tmp_insert", -1, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)p, rbuTmpInsertFunc, 0, 0
     );
   }
 
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    p->rc = sqlite3_create_function(p->dbMain, 
+    p->rc = sqlite3_create_function(p->dbMain,
         "rbu_fossil_delta", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0, rbuFossilDeltaFunc, 0, 0
     );
   }
 
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    p->rc = sqlite3_create_function(p->dbRbu, 
+    p->rc = sqlite3_create_function(p->dbRbu,
         "rbu_target_name", -1, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)p, rbuTargetNameFunc, 0, 0
     );
   }
@@ -188105,9 +199607,9 @@ static void rbuOpenDatabase(sqlite3rbu *p, int *pbRetry){
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     p->rc = sqlite3_file_control(p->dbMain, "main", SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU, (void*)p);
   }
-  rbuMPrintfExec(p, p->dbMain, "SELECT * FROM sqlite_master");
+  rbuMPrintfExec(p, p->dbMain, "SELECT * FROM sqlite_schema");
 
-  /* Mark the database file just opened as an RBU target database. If 
+  /* Mark the database file just opened as an RBU target database. If
   ** this call returns SQLITE_NOTFOUND, then the RBU vfs is not in use.
   ** This is an error.  */
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -188155,10 +199657,10 @@ static void rbuFileSuffix3(const char *zBase, char *z){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return the current wal-index header checksum for the target database 
+** Return the current wal-index header checksum for the target database
 ** as a 64-bit integer.
 **
-** The checksum is store in the first page of xShmMap memory as an 8-byte 
+** The checksum is store in the first page of xShmMap memory as an 8-byte
 ** blob starting at byte offset 40.
 */
 static i64 rbuShmChecksum(sqlite3rbu *p){
@@ -188176,11 +199678,11 @@ static i64 rbuShmChecksum(sqlite3rbu *p){
 
 /*
 ** This function is called as part of initializing or reinitializing an
-** incremental checkpoint. 
+** incremental checkpoint.
 **
-** It populates the sqlite3rbu.aFrame[] array with the set of 
-** (wal frame -> db page) copy operations required to checkpoint the 
-** current wal file, and obtains the set of shm locks required to safely 
+** It populates the sqlite3rbu.aFrame[] array with the set of
+** (wal frame -> db page) copy operations required to checkpoint the
+** current wal file, and obtains the set of shm locks required to safely
 ** perform the copy operations directly on the file-system.
 **
 ** If argument pState is not NULL, then the incremental checkpoint is
@@ -188198,7 +199700,7 @@ static void rbuSetupCheckpoint(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuState *pState){
   if( pState==0 ){
     p->eStage = 0;
     if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      p->rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbMain, "SELECT * FROM sqlite_master", 0, 0, 0);
+      p->rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbMain, "SELECT * FROM sqlite_schema", 0, 0, 0);
     }
   }
 
@@ -188215,19 +199717,19 @@ static void rbuSetupCheckpoint(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuState *pState){
   **     would be read/written are recorded in the sqlite3rbu.aFrame[]
   **     array.
   **
-  **   * Calls to xShmLock(UNLOCK) to release the exclusive shm WRITER, 
+  **   * Calls to xShmLock(UNLOCK) to release the exclusive shm WRITER,
   **     READ0 and CHECKPOINT locks taken as part of the checkpoint are
   **     no-ops. These locks will not be released until the connection
   **     is closed.
   **
-  **   * Attempting to xSync() the database file causes an SQLITE_INTERNAL 
+  **   * Attempting to xSync() the database file causes an SQLITE_INTERNAL
   **     error.
   **
   ** As a result, unless an error (i.e. OOM or SQLITE_BUSY) occurs, the
   ** checkpoint below fails with SQLITE_INTERNAL, and leaves the aFrame[]
-  ** array populated with a set of (frame -> page) mappings. Because the 
-  ** WRITER, CHECKPOINT and READ0 locks are still held, it is safe to copy 
-  ** data from the wal file into the database file according to the 
+  ** array populated with a set of (frame -> page) mappings. Because the
+  ** WRITER, CHECKPOINT and READ0 locks are still held, it is safe to copy
+  ** data from the wal file into the database file according to the
   ** contents of aFrame[].
   */
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -188260,9 +199762,9 @@ static void rbuSetupCheckpoint(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuState *pState){
         p->nPagePerSector = 1;
       }
 
-      /* Call xSync() on the wal file. This causes SQLite to sync the 
-      ** directory in which the target database and the wal file reside, in 
-      ** case it has not been synced since the rename() call in 
+      /* Call xSync() on the wal file. This causes SQLite to sync the
+      ** directory in which the target database and the wal file reside, in
+      ** case it has not been synced since the rename() call in
       ** rbuMoveOalFile(). */
       p->rc = pWal->pMethods->xSync(pWal, SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL);
     }
@@ -188303,7 +199805,7 @@ static int rbuCaptureWalRead(sqlite3rbu *pRbu, i64 iOff, int iAmt){
 
 /*
 ** Called when a page of data is written to offset iOff of the database
-** file while the rbu handle is in capture mode. Record the page number 
+** file while the rbu handle is in capture mode. Record the page number
 ** of the page being written in the aFrame[] array.
 */
 static int rbuCaptureDbWrite(sqlite3rbu *pRbu, i64 iOff){
@@ -188371,7 +199873,7 @@ static LPWSTR rbuWinUtf8ToUnicode(const char *zFilename){
 ** The RBU handle is currently in RBU_STAGE_OAL state, with a SHARED lock
 ** on the database file. This proc moves the *-oal file to the *-wal path,
 ** then reopens the database file (this time in vanilla, non-oal, WAL mode).
-** If an error occurs, leave an error code and error message in the rbu 
+** If an error occurs, leave an error code and error message in the rbu
 ** handle.
 */
 static void rbuMoveOalFile(sqlite3rbu *p){
@@ -188393,7 +199895,7 @@ static void rbuMoveOalFile(sqlite3rbu *p){
   }else{
     /* Move the *-oal file to *-wal. At this point connection p->db is
     ** holding a SHARED lock on the target database file (because it is
-    ** in WAL mode). So no other connection may be writing the db. 
+    ** in WAL mode). So no other connection may be writing the db.
     **
     ** In order to ensure that there are no database readers, an EXCLUSIVE
     ** lock is obtained here before the *-oal is moved to *-wal.
@@ -188551,8 +200053,8 @@ static void rbuStepOneOp(sqlite3rbu *p, int eType){
     /* If this is an INSERT into a table b-tree and the table has an
     ** explicit INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, check that this is not an attempt
     ** to write a NULL into the IPK column. That is not permitted.  */
-    if( eType==RBU_INSERT 
-     && pIter->zIdx==0 && pIter->eType==RBU_PK_IPK && pIter->abTblPk[i] 
+    if( eType==RBU_INSERT
+     && pIter->zIdx==0 && pIter->eType==RBU_PK_IPK && pIter->abTblPk[i]
      && sqlite3_column_type(pIter->pSelect, i)==SQLITE_NULL
     ){
       p->rc = SQLITE_MISMATCH;
@@ -188569,18 +200071,18 @@ static void rbuStepOneOp(sqlite3rbu *p, int eType){
     if( p->rc ) return;
   }
   if( pIter->zIdx==0 ){
-    if( pIter->eType==RBU_PK_VTAB 
-     || pIter->eType==RBU_PK_NONE 
-     || (pIter->eType==RBU_PK_EXTERNAL && rbuIsVacuum(p)) 
+    if( pIter->eType==RBU_PK_VTAB
+     || pIter->eType==RBU_PK_NONE
+     || (pIter->eType==RBU_PK_EXTERNAL && rbuIsVacuum(p))
     ){
-      /* For a virtual table, or a table with no primary key, the 
+      /* For a virtual table, or a table with no primary key, the
       ** SELECT statement is:
       **
       **   SELECT <cols>, rbu_control, rbu_rowid FROM ....
       **
       ** Hence column_value(pIter->nCol+1).
       */
-      assertColumnName(pIter->pSelect, pIter->nCol+1, 
+      assertColumnName(pIter->pSelect, pIter->nCol+1,
           rbuIsVacuum(p) ? "rowid" : "rbu_rowid"
       );
       pVal = sqlite3_column_value(pIter->pSelect, pIter->nCol+1);
@@ -188644,8 +200146,8 @@ static int rbuStep(sqlite3rbu *p){
             p->rc = sqlite3_bind_value(pUpdate, i+1, pVal);
           }
         }
-        if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK 
-         && (pIter->eType==RBU_PK_VTAB || pIter->eType==RBU_PK_NONE) 
+        if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK
+         && (pIter->eType==RBU_PK_VTAB || pIter->eType==RBU_PK_NONE)
         ){
           /* Bind the rbu_rowid value to column _rowid_ */
           assertColumnName(pIter->pSelect, pIter->nCol+1, "rbu_rowid");
@@ -188675,7 +200177,7 @@ static void rbuIncrSchemaCookie(sqlite3rbu *p){
     int iCookie = 1000000;
     sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
 
-    p->rc = prepareAndCollectError(dbread, &pStmt, &p->zErrmsg, 
+    p->rc = prepareAndCollectError(dbread, &pStmt, &p->zErrmsg,
         "PRAGMA schema_version"
     );
     if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -188707,7 +200209,7 @@ static void rbuSaveState(sqlite3rbu *p, int eStage){
     int rc;
 
     assert( p->zErrmsg==0 );
-    rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pInsert, &p->zErrmsg, 
+    rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pInsert, &p->zErrmsg,
         sqlite3_mprintf(
           "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO %s.rbu_state(k, v) VALUES "
           "(%d, %d), "
@@ -188722,9 +200224,9 @@ static void rbuSaveState(sqlite3rbu *p, int eStage){
           "(%d, %Q)  ",
           p->zStateDb,
           RBU_STATE_STAGE, eStage,
-          RBU_STATE_TBL, p->objiter.zTbl, 
-          RBU_STATE_IDX, p->objiter.zIdx, 
-          RBU_STATE_ROW, p->nStep, 
+          RBU_STATE_TBL, p->objiter.zTbl,
+          RBU_STATE_IDX, p->objiter.zIdx,
+          RBU_STATE_ROW, p->nStep,
           RBU_STATE_PROGRESS, p->nProgress,
           RBU_STATE_CKPT, p->iWalCksum,
           RBU_STATE_COOKIE, (i64)pFd->iCookie,
@@ -188745,7 +200247,7 @@ static void rbuSaveState(sqlite3rbu *p, int eStage){
 
 
 /*
-** The second argument passed to this function is the name of a PRAGMA 
+** The second argument passed to this function is the name of a PRAGMA
 ** setting - "page_size", "auto_vacuum", "user_version" or "application_id".
 ** This function executes the following on sqlite3rbu.dbRbu:
 **
@@ -188764,7 +200266,7 @@ static void rbuSaveState(sqlite3rbu *p, int eStage){
 static void rbuCopyPragma(sqlite3rbu *p, const char *zPragma){
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     sqlite3_stmt *pPragma = 0;
-    p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pPragma, &p->zErrmsg, 
+    p->rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pPragma, &p->zErrmsg,
         sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA main.%s", zPragma)
     );
     if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pPragma) ){
@@ -188777,7 +200279,7 @@ static void rbuCopyPragma(sqlite3rbu *p, const char *zPragma){
 }
 
 /*
-** The RBU handle passed as the only argument has just been opened and 
+** The RBU handle passed as the only argument has just been opened and
 ** the state database is empty. If this RBU handle was opened for an
 ** RBU vacuum operation, create the schema in the target db.
 */
@@ -188788,8 +200290,8 @@ static void rbuCreateTargetSchema(sqlite3rbu *p){
   assert( rbuIsVacuum(p) );
   p->rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbMain, "PRAGMA writable_schema=1", 0,0, &p->zErrmsg);
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    p->rc = prepareAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pSql, &p->zErrmsg, 
-      "SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE sql!='' AND rootpage!=0"
+    p->rc = prepareAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pSql, &p->zErrmsg,
+      "SELECT sql FROM sqlite_schema WHERE sql!='' AND rootpage!=0"
       " AND name!='sqlite_sequence' "
       " ORDER BY type DESC"
     );
@@ -188803,14 +200305,14 @@ static void rbuCreateTargetSchema(sqlite3rbu *p){
   if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return;
 
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    p->rc = prepareAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pSql, &p->zErrmsg, 
-        "SELECT * FROM sqlite_master WHERE rootpage=0 OR rootpage IS NULL" 
+    p->rc = prepareAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pSql, &p->zErrmsg,
+        "SELECT * FROM sqlite_schema WHERE rootpage=0 OR rootpage IS NULL"
     );
   }
 
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    p->rc = prepareAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pInsert, &p->zErrmsg, 
-        "INSERT INTO sqlite_master VALUES(?,?,?,?,?)"
+    p->rc = prepareAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pInsert, &p->zErrmsg,
+        "INSERT INTO sqlite_schema VALUES(?,?,?,?,?)"
     );
   }
 
@@ -188850,11 +200352,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_step(sqlite3rbu *p){
         while( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && pIter->zTbl ){
 
           if( pIter->bCleanup ){
-            /* Clean up the rbu_tmp_xxx table for the previous table. It 
+            /* Clean up the rbu_tmp_xxx table for the previous table. It
             ** cannot be dropped as there are currently active SQL statements.
             ** But the contents can be deleted.  */
             if( rbuIsVacuum(p)==0 && pIter->abIndexed ){
-              rbuMPrintfExec(p, p->dbRbu, 
+              rbuMPrintfExec(p, p->dbRbu,
                   "DELETE FROM %s.'rbu_tmp_%q'", p->zStateDb, pIter->zDataTbl
               );
             }
@@ -188904,10 +200406,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_step(sqlite3rbu *p){
         if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           if( p->nStep>=p->nFrame ){
             sqlite3_file *pDb = p->pTargetFd->pReal;
-  
+
             /* Sync the db file */
             p->rc = pDb->pMethods->xSync(pDb, SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL);
-  
+
             /* Update nBackfill */
             if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
               void volatile *ptr;
@@ -188916,7 +200418,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_step(sqlite3rbu *p){
                 ((u32 volatile*)ptr)[24] = p->iMaxFrame;
               }
             }
-  
+
             if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
               p->eStage = RBU_STAGE_DONE;
               p->rc = SQLITE_DONE;
@@ -188924,7 +200426,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_step(sqlite3rbu *p){
           }else{
             /* At one point the following block copied a single frame from the
             ** wal file to the database file. So that one call to sqlite3rbu_step()
-            ** checkpointed a single frame. 
+            ** checkpointed a single frame.
             **
             ** However, if the sector-size is larger than the page-size, and the
             ** application calls sqlite3rbu_savestate() or close() immediately
@@ -188938,7 +200440,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_step(sqlite3rbu *p){
               iSector = (pFrame->iDbPage-1) / p->nPagePerSector;
               rbuCheckpointFrame(p, pFrame);
               p->nStep++;
-            }while( p->nStep<p->nFrame 
+            }while( p->nStep<p->nFrame
                  && iSector==((p->aFrame[p->nStep].iDbPage-1) / p->nPagePerSector)
                  && p->rc==SQLITE_OK
             );
@@ -188984,7 +200486,7 @@ static void rbuSetupOal(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuState *pState){
     RbuObjIter *pIter = &p->objiter;
     int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
-    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && pIter->zTbl && (pIter->bCleanup 
+    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && pIter->zTbl && (pIter->bCleanup
        || rbuStrCompare(pIter->zIdx, pState->zIdx)
        || (pState->zDataTbl==0 && rbuStrCompare(pIter->zTbl, pState->zTbl))
        || (pState->zDataTbl && rbuStrCompare(pIter->zDataTbl, pState->zDataTbl))
@@ -189060,7 +200562,7 @@ static void rbuDeleteVfs(sqlite3rbu *p){
 ** the number of auxilliary indexes on the table.
 */
 static void rbuIndexCntFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
   int nVal,
   sqlite3_value **apVal
 ){
@@ -189068,11 +200570,12 @@ static void rbuIndexCntFunc(
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
   char *zErrmsg = 0;
   int rc;
+  sqlite3 *db = (rbuIsVacuum(p) ? p->dbRbu : p->dbMain);
 
   assert( nVal==1 );
-  
-  rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(p->dbMain, &pStmt, &zErrmsg, 
-      sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_master "
+
+  rc = prepareFreeAndCollectError(db, &pStmt, &zErrmsg,
+      sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_schema "
         "WHERE type='index' AND tbl_name = %Q", sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]))
   );
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -189086,7 +200589,7 @@ static void rbuIndexCntFunc(
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, nIndex);
     }else{
-      sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, sqlite3_errmsg(p->dbMain), -1);
+      sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, sqlite3_errmsg(db), -1);
     }
   }
 
@@ -189105,7 +200608,7 @@ static void rbuIndexCntFunc(
 ** and the cnt column the number of rows it contains.
 **
 ** sqlite3rbu.nPhaseOneStep is initialized to the sum of (1 + nIndex) * cnt
-** for all rows in the rbu_count table, where nIndex is the number of 
+** for all rows in the rbu_count table, where nIndex is the number of
 ** indexes on the corresponding target database table.
 */
 static void rbuInitPhaseOneSteps(sqlite3rbu *p){
@@ -189115,15 +200618,15 @@ static void rbuInitPhaseOneSteps(sqlite3rbu *p){
 
     p->nPhaseOneStep = -1;
 
-    p->rc = sqlite3_create_function(p->dbRbu, 
+    p->rc = sqlite3_create_function(p->dbRbu,
         "rbu_index_cnt", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)p, rbuIndexCntFunc, 0, 0
     );
-  
+
     /* Check for the rbu_count table. If it does not exist, or if an error
     ** occurs, nPhaseOneStep will be left set to -1. */
     if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       p->rc = prepareAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pStmt, &p->zErrmsg,
-          "SELECT 1 FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name = 'rbu_count'"
+          "SELECT 1 FROM sqlite_schema WHERE tbl_name = 'rbu_count'"
       );
     }
     if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -189132,7 +200635,7 @@ static void rbuInitPhaseOneSteps(sqlite3rbu *p){
       }
       p->rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
     }
-  
+
     if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && bExists ){
       p->rc = prepareAndCollectError(p->dbRbu, &pStmt, &p->zErrmsg,
           "SELECT sum(cnt * (1 + rbu_index_cnt(rbu_target_name(tbl))))"
@@ -189150,7 +200653,7 @@ static void rbuInitPhaseOneSteps(sqlite3rbu *p){
 
 
 static sqlite3rbu *openRbuHandle(
-  const char *zTarget, 
+  const char *zTarget,
   const char *zRbu,
   const char *zState
 ){
@@ -189188,7 +200691,7 @@ static sqlite3rbu *openRbuHandle(
       ** to be a wal-mode db. But, this may have happened due to an earlier
       ** RBU vacuum operation leaving an old wal file in the directory.
       ** If this is the case, it will have been checkpointed and deleted
-      ** when the handle was closed and a second attempt to open the 
+      ** when the handle was closed and a second attempt to open the
       ** database may succeed.  */
       rbuOpenDatabase(p, &bRetry);
       if( bRetry ){
@@ -189201,7 +200704,7 @@ static sqlite3rbu *openRbuHandle(
       assert( pState || p->rc!=SQLITE_OK );
       if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
 
-        if( pState->eStage==0 ){ 
+        if( pState->eStage==0 ){
           rbuDeleteOalFile(p);
           rbuInitPhaseOneSteps(p);
           p->eStage = RBU_STAGE_OAL;
@@ -189225,15 +200728,15 @@ static sqlite3rbu *openRbuHandle(
       }
     }
 
-    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK 
+    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK
      && (p->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL || p->eStage==RBU_STAGE_MOVE)
      && pState->eStage!=0
     ){
       rbu_file *pFd = (rbuIsVacuum(p) ? p->pRbuFd : p->pTargetFd);
-      if( pFd->iCookie!=pState->iCookie ){   
+      if( pFd->iCookie!=pState->iCookie ){
         /* At this point (pTargetFd->iCookie) contains the value of the
-        ** change-counter cookie (the thing that gets incremented when a 
-        ** transaction is committed in rollback mode) currently stored on 
+        ** change-counter cookie (the thing that gets incremented when a
+        ** transaction is committed in rollback mode) currently stored on
         ** page 1 of the database file. */
         p->rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
         p->zErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf("database modified during rbu %s",
@@ -189270,7 +200773,7 @@ static sqlite3rbu *openRbuHandle(
           }
 
           /* Check if the main database is a zipvfs db. If it is, set the upper
-          ** level pager to use "journal_mode=off". This prevents it from 
+          ** level pager to use "journal_mode=off". This prevents it from
           ** generating a large journal using a temp file.  */
           if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
             int frc = sqlite3_file_control(db, "main", SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS, 0);
@@ -189316,10 +200819,10 @@ static sqlite3rbu *rbuMisuseError(void){
 }
 
 /*
-** Open and return a new RBU handle. 
+** Open and return a new RBU handle.
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3rbu *sqlite3rbu_open(
-  const char *zTarget, 
+  const char *zTarget,
   const char *zRbu,
   const char *zState
 ){
@@ -189332,10 +200835,16 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3rbu *sqlite3rbu_open(
 ** Open a handle to begin or resume an RBU VACUUM operation.
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3rbu *sqlite3rbu_vacuum(
-  const char *zTarget, 
+  const char *zTarget,
   const char *zState
 ){
   if( zTarget==0 ){ return rbuMisuseError(); }
+  if( zState ){
+    int n = strlen(zState);
+    if( n>=7 && 0==memcmp("-vactmp", &zState[n-7], 7) ){
+      return rbuMisuseError();
+    }
+  }
   /* TODO: Check that both arguments are non-NULL */
   return openRbuHandle(0, zTarget, zState);
 }
@@ -189400,8 +200909,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_close(sqlite3rbu *p, char **pzErrmsg){
     rbuObjIterFinalize(&p->objiter);
 
     /* If this is an RBU vacuum handle and the vacuum has either finished
-    ** successfully or encountered an error, delete the contents of the 
-    ** state table. This causes the next call to sqlite3rbu_vacuum() 
+    ** successfully or encountered an error, delete the contents of the
+    ** state table. This causes the next call to sqlite3rbu_vacuum()
     ** specifying the current target and state databases to start a new
     ** vacuum from scratch.  */
     if( rbuIsVacuum(p) && p->rc!=SQLITE_OK && p->dbRbu ){
@@ -189434,7 +200943,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_close(sqlite3rbu *p, char **pzErrmsg){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return the total number of key-value operations (inserts, deletes or 
+** Return the total number of key-value operations (inserts, deletes or
 ** updates) that have been performed on the target database since the
 ** current RBU update was started.
 */
@@ -189532,7 +201041,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_savestate(sqlite3rbu *p){
   if( p->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL ){
     assert( rc!=SQLITE_DONE );
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbRbu, "COMMIT", 0, 0, 0);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbRbu, "BEGIN IMMEDIATE", 0, 0, 0);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      const char *zBegin = rbuIsVacuum(p) ? "BEGIN" : "BEGIN IMMEDIATE";
+      rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbRbu, zBegin, 0, 0, 0);
+    }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbMain, "BEGIN IMMEDIATE", 0, 0,0);
   }
 
@@ -189544,7 +201056,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_savestate(sqlite3rbu *p){
 ** Beginning of RBU VFS shim methods. The VFS shim modifies the behaviour
 ** of a standard VFS in the following ways:
 **
-** 1. Whenever the first page of a main database file is read or 
+** 1. Whenever the first page of a main database file is read or
 **    written, the value of the change-counter cookie is stored in
 **    rbu_file.iCookie. Similarly, the value of the "write-version"
 **    database header field is stored in rbu_file.iWriteVer. This ensures
@@ -189552,15 +201064,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_savestate(sqlite3rbu *p){
 **
 ** 2. Whenever an SQLITE_OPEN_WAL file is opened, the (rbu_file.pWalFd)
 **    member variable of the associated database file descriptor is set
-**    to point to the new file. A mutex protected linked list of all main 
-**    db fds opened using a particular RBU VFS is maintained at 
+**    to point to the new file. A mutex protected linked list of all main
+**    db fds opened using a particular RBU VFS is maintained at
 **    rbu_vfs.pMain to facilitate this.
 **
-** 3. Using a new file-control "SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU", a main db rbu_file 
+** 3. Using a new file-control "SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU", a main db rbu_file
 **    object can be marked as the target database of an RBU update. This
 **    turns on the following extra special behaviour:
 **
-** 3a. If xAccess() is called to check if there exists a *-wal file 
+** 3a. If xAccess() is called to check if there exists a *-wal file
 **     associated with an RBU target database currently in RBU_STAGE_OAL
 **     stage (preparing the *-oal file), the following special handling
 **     applies:
@@ -189573,26 +201085,26 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rbu_savestate(sqlite3rbu *p){
 **
 **     Then, when xOpen() is called to open the *-wal file associated with
 **     the RBU target in RBU_STAGE_OAL stage, instead of opening the *-wal
-**     file, the rbu vfs opens the corresponding *-oal file instead. 
+**     file, the rbu vfs opens the corresponding *-oal file instead.
 **
 ** 3b. The *-shm pages returned by xShmMap() for a target db file in
 **     RBU_STAGE_OAL mode are actually stored in heap memory. This is to
 **     avoid creating a *-shm file on disk. Additionally, xShmLock() calls
 **     are no-ops on target database files in RBU_STAGE_OAL mode. This is
-**     because assert() statements in some VFS implementations fail if 
+**     because assert() statements in some VFS implementations fail if
 **     xShmLock() is called before xShmMap().
 **
 ** 3c. If an EXCLUSIVE lock is attempted on a target database file in any
-**     mode except RBU_STAGE_DONE (all work completed and checkpointed), it 
+**     mode except RBU_STAGE_DONE (all work completed and checkpointed), it
 **     fails with an SQLITE_BUSY error. This is to stop RBU connections
 **     from automatically checkpointing a *-wal (or *-oal) file from within
 **     sqlite3_close().
 **
 ** 3d. In RBU_STAGE_CAPTURE mode, all xRead() calls on the wal file, and
-**     all xWrite() calls on the target database file perform no IO. 
+**     all xWrite() calls on the target database file perform no IO.
 **     Instead the frame and page numbers that would be read and written
 **     are recorded. Additionally, successful attempts to obtain exclusive
-**     xShmLock() WRITER, CHECKPOINTER and READ0 locks on the target 
+**     xShmLock() WRITER, CHECKPOINTER and READ0 locks on the target
 **     database file are recorded. xShmLock() calls to unlock the same
 **     locks are no-ops (so that once obtained, these locks are never
 **     relinquished). Finally, calls to xSync() on the target database
@@ -189625,6 +201137,69 @@ static int rbuUpdateTempSize(rbu_file *pFd, sqlite3_int64 nNew){
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
+/*
+** Add an item to the main-db lists, if it is not already present.
+**
+** There are two main-db lists. One for all file descriptors, and one
+** for all file descriptors with rbu_file.pDb!=0. If the argument has
+** rbu_file.pDb!=0, then it is assumed to already be present on the
+** main list and is only added to the pDb!=0 list.
+*/
+static void rbuMainlistAdd(rbu_file *p){
+  rbu_vfs *pRbuVfs = p->pRbuVfs;
+  rbu_file *pIter;
+  assert( (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB) );
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pRbuVfs->mutex);
+  if( p->pRbu==0 ){
+    for(pIter=pRbuVfs->pMain; pIter; pIter=pIter->pMainNext);
+    p->pMainNext = pRbuVfs->pMain;
+    pRbuVfs->pMain = p;
+  }else{
+    for(pIter=pRbuVfs->pMainRbu; pIter && pIter!=p; pIter=pIter->pMainRbuNext){}
+    if( pIter==0 ){
+      p->pMainRbuNext = pRbuVfs->pMainRbu;
+      pRbuVfs->pMainRbu = p;
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pRbuVfs->mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+** Remove an item from the main-db lists.
+*/
+static void rbuMainlistRemove(rbu_file *p){
+  rbu_file **pp;
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->pRbuVfs->mutex);
+  for(pp=&p->pRbuVfs->pMain; *pp && *pp!=p; pp=&((*pp)->pMainNext)){}
+  if( *pp ) *pp = p->pMainNext;
+  p->pMainNext = 0;
+  for(pp=&p->pRbuVfs->pMainRbu; *pp && *pp!=p; pp=&((*pp)->pMainRbuNext)){}
+  if( *pp ) *pp = p->pMainRbuNext;
+  p->pMainRbuNext = 0;
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->pRbuVfs->mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+** Given that zWal points to a buffer containing a wal file name passed to
+** either the xOpen() or xAccess() VFS method, search the main-db list for
+** a file-handle opened by the same database connection on the corresponding
+** database file.
+**
+** If parameter bRbu is true, only search for file-descriptors with
+** rbu_file.pDb!=0.
+*/
+static rbu_file *rbuFindMaindb(rbu_vfs *pRbuVfs, const char *zWal, int bRbu){
+  rbu_file *pDb;
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pRbuVfs->mutex);
+  if( bRbu ){
+    for(pDb=pRbuVfs->pMainRbu; pDb && pDb->zWal!=zWal; pDb=pDb->pMainRbuNext){}
+  }else{
+    for(pDb=pRbuVfs->pMain; pDb && pDb->zWal!=zWal; pDb=pDb->pMainNext){}
+  }
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pRbuVfs->mutex);
+  return pDb;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Close an rbu file.
 */
@@ -189642,17 +201217,14 @@ static int rbuVfsClose(sqlite3_file *pFile){
   sqlite3_free(p->zDel);
 
   if( p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB ){
-    rbu_file **pp;
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->pRbuVfs->mutex);
-    for(pp=&p->pRbuVfs->pMain; *pp!=p; pp=&((*pp)->pMainNext));
-    *pp = p->pMainNext;
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->pRbuVfs->mutex);
+    rbuMainlistRemove(p);
     rbuUnlockShm(p);
     p->pReal->pMethods->xShmUnmap(p->pReal, 0);
   }
   else if( (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE) && p->pRbu ){
     rbuUpdateTempSize(p, 0);
   }
+  assert( p->pMainNext==0 && p->pRbuVfs->pMain!=p );
 
   /* Close the underlying file handle */
   rc = p->pReal->pMethods->xClose(p->pReal);
@@ -189661,7 +201233,7 @@ static int rbuVfsClose(sqlite3_file *pFile){
 
 
 /*
-** Read and return an unsigned 32-bit big-endian integer from the buffer 
+** Read and return an unsigned 32-bit big-endian integer from the buffer
 ** passed as the only argument.
 */
 static u32 rbuGetU32(u8 *aBuf){
@@ -189691,9 +201263,9 @@ static void rbuPutU16(u8 *aBuf, u16 iVal){
 ** Read data from an rbuVfs-file.
 */
 static int rbuVfsRead(
-  sqlite3_file *pFile, 
-  void *zBuf, 
-  int iAmt, 
+  sqlite3_file *pFile,
+  void *zBuf,
+  int iAmt,
   sqlite_int64 iOfst
 ){
   rbu_file *p = (rbu_file*)pFile;
@@ -189704,20 +201276,20 @@ static int rbuVfsRead(
     assert( p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_WAL );
     rc = rbuCaptureWalRead(p->pRbu, iOfst, iAmt);
   }else{
-    if( pRbu && pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL 
-     && (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_WAL) 
-     && iOfst>=pRbu->iOalSz 
+    if( pRbu && pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL
+     && (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_WAL)
+     && iOfst>=pRbu->iOalSz
     ){
       rc = SQLITE_OK;
       memset(zBuf, 0, iAmt);
     }else{
       rc = p->pReal->pMethods->xRead(p->pReal, zBuf, iAmt, iOfst);
 #if 1
-      /* If this is being called to read the first page of the target 
-      ** database as part of an rbu vacuum operation, synthesize the 
+      /* If this is being called to read the first page of the target
+      ** database as part of an rbu vacuum operation, synthesize the
       ** contents of the first page if it does not yet exist. Otherwise,
       ** SQLite will not check for a *-wal file.  */
-      if( pRbu && rbuIsVacuum(pRbu) 
+      if( pRbu && rbuIsVacuum(pRbu)
           && rc==SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ && iOfst==0
           && (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB)
           && pRbu->rc==SQLITE_OK
@@ -189757,9 +201329,9 @@ static int rbuVfsRead(
 ** Write data to an rbuVfs-file.
 */
 static int rbuVfsWrite(
-  sqlite3_file *pFile, 
-  const void *zBuf, 
-  int iAmt, 
+  sqlite3_file *pFile,
+  const void *zBuf,
+  int iAmt,
   sqlite_int64 iOfst
 ){
   rbu_file *p = (rbu_file*)pFile;
@@ -189771,8 +201343,8 @@ static int rbuVfsWrite(
     rc = rbuCaptureDbWrite(p->pRbu, iOfst);
   }else{
     if( pRbu ){
-      if( pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL 
-       && (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_WAL) 
+      if( pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL
+       && (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_WAL)
        && iOfst>=pRbu->iOalSz
       ){
         pRbu->iOalSz = iAmt + iOfst;
@@ -189832,10 +201404,10 @@ static int rbuVfsFileSize(sqlite3_file *pFile, sqlite_int64 *pSize){
 
   /* If this is an RBU vacuum operation and this is the target database,
   ** pretend that it has at least one page. Otherwise, SQLite will not
-  ** check for the existance of a *-wal file. rbuVfsRead() contains 
+  ** check for the existance of a *-wal file. rbuVfsRead() contains
   ** similar logic.  */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && *pSize==0 
-   && p->pRbu && rbuIsVacuum(p->pRbu) 
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && *pSize==0
+   && p->pRbu && rbuIsVacuum(p->pRbu)
    && (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB)
   ){
     *pSize = 1024;
@@ -189852,10 +201424,10 @@ static int rbuVfsLock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int eLock){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
   assert( p->openFlags & (SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB|SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB) );
-  if( eLock==SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE 
+  if( eLock==SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE
    && (p->bNolock || (pRbu && pRbu->eStage!=RBU_STAGE_DONE))
   ){
-    /* Do not allow EXCLUSIVE locks. Preventing SQLite from taking this 
+    /* Do not allow EXCLUSIVE locks. Preventing SQLite from taking this
     ** prevents it from checkpointing the database from sqlite3_close(). */
     rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
   }else{
@@ -189911,6 +201483,7 @@ static int rbuVfsFileControl(sqlite3_file *pFile, int op, void *pArg){
       }else if( rc==SQLITE_NOTFOUND ){
         pRbu->pTargetFd = p;
         p->pRbu = pRbu;
+        rbuMainlistAdd(p);
         if( p->pWalFd ) p->pWalFd->pRbu = pRbu;
         rc = SQLITE_OK;
       }
@@ -189967,16 +201540,13 @@ static int rbuVfsShmLock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int ofst, int n, int flags){
   assert( p->openFlags & (SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB|SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB) );
   if( pRbu && (pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL || pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_MOVE) ){
     /* Magic number 1 is the WAL_CKPT_LOCK lock. Preventing SQLite from
-    ** taking this lock also prevents any checkpoints from occurring. 
-    ** todo: really, it's not clear why this might occur, as 
+    ** taking this lock also prevents any checkpoints from occurring.
+    ** todo: really, it's not clear why this might occur, as
     ** wal_autocheckpoint ought to be turned off.  */
     if( ofst==WAL_LOCK_CKPT && n==1 ) rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
   }else{
     int bCapture = 0;
-    if( n==1 && (flags & SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE)
-     && pRbu && pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_CAPTURE
-     && (ofst==WAL_LOCK_WRITE || ofst==WAL_LOCK_CKPT || ofst==WAL_LOCK_READ0)
-    ){
+    if( pRbu && pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_CAPTURE ){
       bCapture = 1;
     }
 
@@ -189995,10 +201565,10 @@ static int rbuVfsShmLock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int ofst, int n, int flags){
 ** Obtain a pointer to a mapping of a single 32KiB page of the *-shm file.
 */
 static int rbuVfsShmMap(
-  sqlite3_file *pFile, 
-  int iRegion, 
-  int szRegion, 
-  int isWrite, 
+  sqlite3_file *pFile,
+  int iRegion,
+  int szRegion,
+  int isWrite,
   void volatile **pp
 ){
   rbu_file *p = (rbu_file*)pFile;
@@ -190006,23 +201576,27 @@ static int rbuVfsShmMap(
   int eStage = (p->pRbu ? p->pRbu->eStage : 0);
 
   /* If not in RBU_STAGE_OAL, allow this call to pass through. Or, if this
-  ** rbu is in the RBU_STAGE_OAL state, use heap memory for *-shm space 
+  ** rbu is in the RBU_STAGE_OAL state, use heap memory for *-shm space
   ** instead of a file on disk.  */
   assert( p->openFlags & (SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB|SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB) );
-  if( eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL || eStage==RBU_STAGE_MOVE ){
-    if( iRegion<=p->nShm ){
-      int nByte = (iRegion+1) * sizeof(char*);
-      char **apNew = (char**)sqlite3_realloc64(p->apShm, nByte);
-      if( apNew==0 ){
-        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }else{
-        memset(&apNew[p->nShm], 0, sizeof(char*) * (1 + iRegion - p->nShm));
-        p->apShm = apNew;
-        p->nShm = iRegion+1;
-      }
+  if( eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL ){
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte = (iRegion+1) * sizeof(char*);
+    char **apNew = (char**)sqlite3_realloc64(p->apShm, nByte);
+
+    /* This is an RBU connection that uses its own heap memory for the
+    ** pages of the *-shm file. Since no other process can have run
+    ** recovery, the connection must request *-shm pages in order
+    ** from start to finish.  */
+    assert( iRegion==p->nShm );
+    if( apNew==0 ){
+      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      memset(&apNew[p->nShm], 0, sizeof(char*) * (1 + iRegion - p->nShm));
+      p->apShm = apNew;
+      p->nShm = iRegion+1;
     }
 
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && p->apShm[iRegion]==0 ){
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       char *pNew = (char*)sqlite3_malloc64(szRegion);
       if( pNew==0 ){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -190072,47 +201646,6 @@ static int rbuVfsShmUnmap(sqlite3_file *pFile, int delFlag){
   return rc;
 }
 
-/*
-** Given that zWal points to a buffer containing a wal file name passed to 
-** either the xOpen() or xAccess() VFS method, return a pointer to the
-** file-handle opened by the same database connection on the corresponding
-** database file.
-*/
-static rbu_file *rbuFindMaindb(rbu_vfs *pRbuVfs, const char *zWal){
-  rbu_file *pDb;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pRbuVfs->mutex);
-  for(pDb=pRbuVfs->pMain; pDb && pDb->zWal!=zWal; pDb=pDb->pMainNext){}
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pRbuVfs->mutex);
-  return pDb;
-}
-
-/* 
-** A main database named zName has just been opened. The following 
-** function returns a pointer to a buffer owned by SQLite that contains
-** the name of the *-wal file this db connection will use. SQLite
-** happens to pass a pointer to this buffer when using xAccess()
-** or xOpen() to operate on the *-wal file.  
-*/
-static const char *rbuMainToWal(const char *zName, int flags){
-  int n = (int)strlen(zName);
-  const char *z = &zName[n];
-  if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_URI ){
-    int odd = 0;
-    while( 1 ){
-      if( z[0]==0 ){
-        odd = 1 - odd;
-        if( odd && z[1]==0 ) break;
-      }
-      z++;
-    }
-    z += 2;
-  }else{
-    while( *z==0 ) z++;
-  }
-  z += (n + 8 + 1);
-  return z;
-}
-
 /*
 ** Open an rbu file handle.
 */
@@ -190161,22 +201694,22 @@ static int rbuVfsOpen(
       ** the name of the *-wal file this db connection will use. SQLite
       ** happens to pass a pointer to this buffer when using xAccess()
       ** or xOpen() to operate on the *-wal file.  */
-      pFd->zWal = rbuMainToWal(zName, flags);
+      pFd->zWal = sqlite3_filename_wal(zName);
     }
     else if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_WAL ){
-      rbu_file *pDb = rbuFindMaindb(pRbuVfs, zName);
+      rbu_file *pDb = rbuFindMaindb(pRbuVfs, zName, 0);
       if( pDb ){
         if( pDb->pRbu && pDb->pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL ){
           /* This call is to open a *-wal file. Intead, open the *-oal. This
           ** code ensures that the string passed to xOpen() is terminated by a
-          ** pair of '\0' bytes in case the VFS attempts to extract a URI 
+          ** pair of '\0' bytes in case the VFS attempts to extract a URI
           ** parameter from it.  */
           const char *zBase = zName;
           size_t nCopy;
           char *zCopy;
           if( rbuIsVacuum(pDb->pRbu) ){
             zBase = sqlite3_db_filename(pDb->pRbu->dbRbu, "main");
-            zBase = rbuMainToWal(zBase, SQLITE_OPEN_URI);
+            zBase = sqlite3_filename_wal(zBase);
           }
           nCopy = strlen(zBase);
           zCopy = sqlite3_malloc64(nCopy+2);
@@ -190198,8 +201731,8 @@ static int rbuVfsOpen(
     pFd->pRbu = pRbuVfs->pRbu;
   }
 
-  if( oflags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB 
-   && sqlite3_uri_boolean(zName, "rbu_memory", 0) 
+  if( oflags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB
+   && sqlite3_uri_boolean(zName, "rbu_memory", 0)
   ){
     assert( oflags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB );
     oflags =  SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB | SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE |
@@ -190216,10 +201749,7 @@ static int rbuVfsOpen(
     ** mutex protected linked list of all such files.  */
     pFile->pMethods = &rbuvfs_io_methods;
     if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB ){
-      sqlite3_mutex_enter(pRbuVfs->mutex);
-      pFd->pMainNext = pRbuVfs->pMain;
-      pRbuVfs->pMain = pFd;
-      sqlite3_mutex_leave(pRbuVfs->mutex);
+      rbuMainlistAdd(pFd);
     }
   }else{
     sqlite3_free(pFd->zDel);
@@ -190241,9 +201771,9 @@ static int rbuVfsDelete(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath, int dirSync){
 ** is available, or false otherwise.
 */
 static int rbuVfsAccess(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, 
-  const char *zPath, 
-  int flags, 
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
+  const char *zPath,
+  int flags,
   int *pResOut
 ){
   rbu_vfs *pRbuVfs = (rbu_vfs*)pVfs;
@@ -190259,7 +201789,7 @@ static int rbuVfsAccess(
   **   a) if the *-wal file does exist, return SQLITE_CANTOPEN. This
   **      ensures that the RBU extension never tries to update a database
   **      in wal mode, even if the first page of the database file has
-  **      been damaged. 
+  **      been damaged.
   **
   **   b) if the *-wal file does not exist, claim that it does anyway,
   **      causing SQLite to call xOpen() to open it. This call will also
@@ -190267,8 +201797,9 @@ static int rbuVfsAccess(
   **      file opened instead.
   */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && flags==SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS ){
-    rbu_file *pDb = rbuFindMaindb(pRbuVfs, zPath);
-    if( pDb && pDb->pRbu && pDb->pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL ){
+    rbu_file *pDb = rbuFindMaindb(pRbuVfs, zPath, 1);
+    if( pDb && pDb->pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL ){
+      assert( pDb->pRbu );
       if( *pResOut ){
         rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
       }else{
@@ -190288,9 +201819,9 @@ static int rbuVfsAccess(
 ** of at least (DEVSYM_MAX_PATHNAME+1) bytes.
 */
 static int rbuVfsFullPathname(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, 
-  const char *zPath, 
-  int nOut, 
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
+  const char *zPath,
+  int nOut,
   char *zOut
 ){
   sqlite3_vfs *pRealVfs = ((rbu_vfs*)pVfs)->pRealVfs;
@@ -190308,7 +201839,7 @@ static void *rbuVfsDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath){
 
 /*
 ** Populate the buffer zErrMsg (size nByte bytes) with a human readable
-** utf-8 string describing the most recent error encountered associated 
+** utf-8 string describing the most recent error encountered associated
 ** with dynamic libraries.
 */
 static void rbuVfsDlError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zErrMsg){
@@ -190320,8 +201851,8 @@ static void rbuVfsDlError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zErrMsg){
 ** Return a pointer to the symbol zSymbol in the dynamic library pHandle.
 */
 static void (*rbuVfsDlSym(
-  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, 
-  void *pArg, 
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
+  void *pArg,
   const char *zSym
 ))(void){
   sqlite3_vfs *pRealVfs = ((rbu_vfs*)pVfs)->pRealVfs;
@@ -190338,7 +201869,7 @@ static void rbuVfsDlClose(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle){
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION */
 
 /*
-** Populate the buffer pointed to by zBufOut with nByte bytes of 
+** Populate the buffer pointed to by zBufOut with nByte bytes of
 ** random data.
 */
 static int rbuVfsRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zBufOut){
@@ -190347,7 +201878,7 @@ static int rbuVfsRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zBufOut){
 }
 
 /*
-** Sleep for nMicro microseconds. Return the number of microseconds 
+** Sleep for nMicro microseconds. Return the number of microseconds
 ** actually slept.
 */
 static int rbuVfsSleep(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nMicro){
@@ -190498,7 +202029,7 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_temp_size(sqlite3rbu *pRbu){
 **
 ** This file contains an implementation of the "dbstat" virtual table.
 **
-** The dbstat virtual table is used to extract low-level formatting
+** The dbstat virtual table is used to extract low-level storage
 ** information from an SQLite database in order to implement the
 ** "sqlite3_analyzer" utility.  See the ../tool/spaceanal.tcl script
 ** for an example implementation.
@@ -190513,22 +202044,22 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_temp_size(sqlite3rbu *pRbu){
 
 /*
 ** Page paths:
-** 
-**   The value of the 'path' column describes the path taken from the 
-**   root-node of the b-tree structure to each page. The value of the 
+**
+**   The value of the 'path' column describes the path taken from the
+**   root-node of the b-tree structure to each page. The value of the
 **   root-node path is '/'.
 **
 **   The value of the path for the left-most child page of the root of
 **   a b-tree is '/000/'. (Btrees store content ordered from left to right
 **   so the pages to the left have smaller keys than the pages to the right.)
 **   The next to left-most child of the root page is
-**   '/001', and so on, each sibling page identified by a 3-digit hex 
+**   '/001', and so on, each sibling page identified by a 3-digit hex
 **   value. The children of the 451st left-most sibling have paths such
 **   as '/1c2/000/, '/1c2/001/' etc.
 **
-**   Overflow pages are specified by appending a '+' character and a 
+**   Overflow pages are specified by appending a '+' character and a
 **   six-digit hexadecimal value to the path to the cell they are linked
-**   from. For example, the three overflow pages in a chain linked from 
+**   from. For example, the three overflow pages in a chain linked from
 **   the left-most cell of the 450th child of the root page are identified
 **   by the paths:
 **
@@ -190542,27 +202073,30 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_temp_size(sqlite3rbu *pRbu){
 **
 **      '/1c2/000/'               // Left-most child of 451st child of root
 */
-#define VTAB_SCHEMA                                                         \
-  "CREATE TABLE xx( "                                                       \
-  "  name       TEXT,             /* Name of table or index */"             \
-  "  path       TEXT,             /* Path to page from root */"             \
-  "  pageno     INTEGER,          /* Page number */"                        \
-  "  pagetype   TEXT,             /* 'internal', 'leaf' or 'overflow' */"   \
-  "  ncell      INTEGER,          /* Cells on page (0 for overflow) */"     \
-  "  payload    INTEGER,          /* Bytes of payload on this page */"      \
-  "  unused     INTEGER,          /* Bytes of unused space on this page */" \
-  "  mx_payload INTEGER,          /* Largest payload size of all cells */"  \
-  "  pgoffset   INTEGER,          /* Offset of page in file */"             \
-  "  pgsize     INTEGER,          /* Size of the page */"                   \
-  "  schema     TEXT HIDDEN       /* Database schema being analyzed */"     \
-  ");"
-
-
+static const char zDbstatSchema[] =
+  "CREATE TABLE x("
+  " name       TEXT,"          /*  0 Name of table or index */
+  " path       TEXT,"          /*  1 Path to page from root (NULL for agg) */
+  " pageno     INTEGER,"       /*  2 Page number (page count for aggregates) */
+  " pagetype   TEXT,"          /*  3 'internal', 'leaf', 'overflow', or NULL */
+  " ncell      INTEGER,"       /*  4 Cells on page (0 for overflow) */
+  " payload    INTEGER,"       /*  5 Bytes of payload on this page */
+  " unused     INTEGER,"       /*  6 Bytes of unused space on this page */
+  " mx_payload INTEGER,"       /*  7 Largest payload size of all cells */
+  " pgoffset   INTEGER,"       /*  8 Offset of page in file (NULL for agg) */
+  " pgsize     INTEGER,"       /*  9 Size of the page (sum for aggregate) */
+  " schema     TEXT HIDDEN,"   /* 10 Database schema being analyzed */
+  " aggregate  BOOLEAN HIDDEN" /* 11 aggregate info for each table */
+  ")"
+;
+
+/* Forward reference to data structured used in this module */
 typedef struct StatTable StatTable;
 typedef struct StatCursor StatCursor;
 typedef struct StatPage StatPage;
 typedef struct StatCell StatCell;
 
+/* Size information for a single cell within a btree page */
 struct StatCell {
   int nLocal;                     /* Bytes of local payload */
   u32 iChildPg;                   /* Child node (or 0 if this is a leaf) */
@@ -190572,10 +202106,11 @@ struct StatCell {
   int iOvfl;                      /* Iterates through aOvfl[] */
 };
 
+/* Size information for a single btree page */
 struct StatPage {
-  u32 iPgno;
-  DbPage *pPg;
-  int iCell;
+  u32 iPgno;                      /* Page number */
+  DbPage *pPg;                    /* Page content */
+  int iCell;                      /* Current cell */
 
   char *zPath;                    /* Path to this page */
 
@@ -190585,34 +202120,38 @@ struct StatPage {
   int nUnused;                    /* Number of unused bytes on page */
   StatCell *aCell;                /* Array of parsed cells */
   u32 iRightChildPg;              /* Right-child page number (or 0) */
-  int nMxPayload;                 /* Largest payload of any cell on this page */
+  int nMxPayload;                 /* Largest payload of any cell on the page */
 };
 
+/* The cursor for scanning the dbstat virtual table */
 struct StatCursor {
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;       /* base class.  MUST BE FIRST! */
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;            /* Iterates through set of root pages */
-  int isEof;                      /* After pStmt has returned SQLITE_DONE */
+  u8 isEof;                       /* After pStmt has returned SQLITE_DONE */
+  u8 isAgg;                       /* Aggregate results for each table */
   int iDb;                        /* Schema used for this query */
 
-  StatPage aPage[32];
+  StatPage aPage[32];             /* Pages in path to current page */
   int iPage;                      /* Current entry in aPage[] */
 
   /* Values to return. */
+  u32 iPageno;                    /* Value of 'pageno' column */
   char *zName;                    /* Value of 'name' column */
   char *zPath;                    /* Value of 'path' column */
-  u32 iPageno;                    /* Value of 'pageno' column */
   char *zPagetype;                /* Value of 'pagetype' column */
+  int nPage;                      /* Number of pages in current btree */
   int nCell;                      /* Value of 'ncell' column */
-  int nPayload;                   /* Value of 'payload' column */
-  int nUnused;                    /* Value of 'unused' column */
   int nMxPayload;                 /* Value of 'mx_payload' column */
+  i64 nUnused;                    /* Value of 'unused' column */
+  i64 nPayload;                   /* Value of 'payload' column */
   i64 iOffset;                    /* Value of 'pgOffset' column */
-  int szPage;                     /* Value of 'pgSize' column */
+  i64 szPage;                     /* Value of 'pgSize' column */
 };
 
+/* An instance of the DBSTAT virtual table */
 struct StatTable {
-  sqlite3_vtab base;
-  sqlite3 *db;
+  sqlite3_vtab base;              /* base class.  MUST BE FIRST! */
+  sqlite3 *db;                    /* Database connection that owns this vtab */
   int iDb;                        /* Index of database to analyze */
 };
 
@@ -190621,7 +202160,7 @@ struct StatTable {
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Connect to or create a statvfs virtual table.
+** Connect to or create a new DBSTAT virtual table.
 */
 static int statConnect(
   sqlite3 *db,
@@ -190645,7 +202184,8 @@ static int statConnect(
   }else{
     iDb = 0;
   }
-  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, VTAB_SCHEMA);
+  sqlite3_vtab_config(db, SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY);
+  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, zDbstatSchema);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     pTab = (StatTable *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(StatTable));
     if( pTab==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
@@ -190663,7 +202203,7 @@ static int statConnect(
 }
 
 /*
-** Disconnect from or destroy a statvfs virtual table.
+** Disconnect from or destroy the DBSTAT virtual table.
 */
 static int statDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
   sqlite3_free(pVtab);
@@ -190671,16 +202211,20 @@ static int statDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
 }
 
 /*
-** There is no "best-index". This virtual table always does a linear
-** scan.  However, a schema=? constraint should cause this table to
-** operate on a different database schema, so check for it.
+** Compute the best query strategy and return the result in idxNum.
 **
-** idxNum is normally 0, but will be 1 if a schema=? constraint exists.
+**   idxNum-Bit        Meaning
+**   ----------        ----------------------------------------------
+**      0x01           There is a schema=? term in the WHERE clause
+**      0x02           There is a name=? term in the WHERE clause
+**      0x04           There is an aggregate=? term in the WHERE clause
+**      0x08           Output should be ordered by name and path
 */
 static int statBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
   int i;
-
-  pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1.0e6;  /* Initial cost estimate */
+  int iSchema = -1;
+  int iName = -1;
+  int iAgg = -1;
 
   /* Look for a valid schema=? constraint.  If found, change the idxNum to
   ** 1 and request the value of that constraint be sent to xFilter.  And
@@ -190688,19 +202232,44 @@ static int statBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
   ** used.
   */
   for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++){
-    if( pIdxInfo->aConstraint[i].usable==0 ) continue;
     if( pIdxInfo->aConstraint[i].op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
-    if( pIdxInfo->aConstraint[i].iColumn!=10 ) continue;
-    pIdxInfo->idxNum = 1;
-    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1.0;
-    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = 1;
-    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].omit = 1;
-    break;
+    if( pIdxInfo->aConstraint[i].usable==0 ){
+      /* Force DBSTAT table should always be the right-most table in a join */
+      return SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+    }
+    switch( pIdxInfo->aConstraint[i].iColumn ){
+      case 0: {    /* name */
+        iName = i;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 10: {   /* schema */
+        iSchema = i;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 11: {   /* aggregate */
+        iAgg = i;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
   }
+  i = 0;
+  if( iSchema>=0 ){
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[iSchema].argvIndex = ++i;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[iSchema].omit = 1;
+    pIdxInfo->idxNum |= 0x01;
+  }
+  if( iName>=0 ){
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[iName].argvIndex = ++i;
+    pIdxInfo->idxNum |= 0x02;
+  }
+  if( iAgg>=0 ){
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[iAgg].argvIndex = ++i;
+    pIdxInfo->idxNum |= 0x04;
+  }
+  pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1.0;
 
-
-  /* Records are always returned in ascending order of (name, path). 
-  ** If this will satisfy the client, set the orderByConsumed flag so that 
+  /* Records are always returned in ascending order of (name, path).
+  ** If this will satisfy the client, set the orderByConsumed flag so that
   ** SQLite does not do an external sort.
   */
   if( ( pIdxInfo->nOrderBy==1
@@ -190715,13 +202284,14 @@ static int statBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
      )
   ){
     pIdxInfo->orderByConsumed = 1;
+    pIdxInfo->idxNum |= 0x08;
   }
 
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
-** Open a new statvfs cursor.
+** Open a new DBSTAT cursor.
 */
 static int statOpen(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
   StatTable *pTab = (StatTable *)pVTab;
@@ -190740,7 +202310,7 @@ static int statOpen(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-static void statClearPage(StatPage *p){
+static void statClearCells(StatPage *p){
   int i;
   if( p->aCell ){
     for(i=0; i<p->nCell; i++){
@@ -190748,6 +202318,12 @@ static void statClearPage(StatPage *p){
     }
     sqlite3_free(p->aCell);
   }
+  p->nCell = 0;
+  p->aCell = 0;
+}
+
+static void statClearPage(StatPage *p){
+  statClearCells(p);
   sqlite3PagerUnref(p->pPg);
   sqlite3_free(p->zPath);
   memset(p, 0, sizeof(StatPage));
@@ -190765,8 +202341,18 @@ static void statResetCsr(StatCursor *pCsr){
   pCsr->isEof = 0;
 }
 
+/* Resize the space-used counters inside of the cursor */
+static void statResetCounts(StatCursor *pCsr){
+  pCsr->nCell = 0;
+  pCsr->nMxPayload = 0;
+  pCsr->nUnused = 0;
+  pCsr->nPayload = 0;
+  pCsr->szPage = 0;
+  pCsr->nPage = 0;
+}
+
 /*
-** Close a statvfs cursor.
+** Close a DBSTAT cursor.
 */
 static int statClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
   StatCursor *pCsr = (StatCursor *)pCursor;
@@ -190776,16 +202362,20 @@ static int statClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-static void getLocalPayload(
+/*
+** For a single cell on a btree page, compute the number of bytes of
+** content (payload) stored on that page.  That is to say, compute the
+** number of bytes of content not found on overflow pages.
+*/
+static int getLocalPayload(
   int nUsable,                    /* Usable bytes per page */
   u8 flags,                       /* Page flags */
-  int nTotal,                     /* Total record (payload) size */
-  int *pnLocal                    /* OUT: Bytes stored locally */
+  int nTotal                      /* Total record (payload) size */
 ){
   int nLocal;
   int nMinLocal;
   int nMaxLocal;
- 
+
   if( flags==0x0D ){              /* Table leaf node */
     nMinLocal = (nUsable - 12) * 32 / 255 - 23;
     nMaxLocal = nUsable - 35;
@@ -190796,9 +202386,12 @@ static void getLocalPayload(
 
   nLocal = nMinLocal + (nTotal - nMinLocal) % (nUsable - 4);
   if( nLocal>nMaxLocal ) nLocal = nMinLocal;
-  *pnLocal = nLocal;
+  return nLocal;
 }
 
+/* Populate the StatPage object with information about the all
+** cells found on the page currently under analysis.
+*/
 static int statDecodePage(Btree *pBt, StatPage *p){
   int nUnused;
   int iOff;
@@ -190810,22 +202403,33 @@ static int statDecodePage(Btree *pBt, StatPage *p){
   u8 *aHdr = &aData[p->iPgno==1 ? 100 : 0];
 
   p->flags = aHdr[0];
+  if( p->flags==0x0A || p->flags==0x0D ){
+    isLeaf = 1;
+    nHdr = 8;
+  }else if( p->flags==0x05 || p->flags==0x02 ){
+    isLeaf = 0;
+    nHdr = 12;
+  }else{
+    goto statPageIsCorrupt;
+  }
+  if( p->iPgno==1 ) nHdr += 100;
   p->nCell = get2byte(&aHdr[3]);
   p->nMxPayload = 0;
-
-  isLeaf = (p->flags==0x0A || p->flags==0x0D);
-  nHdr = 12 - isLeaf*4 + (p->iPgno==1)*100;
+  szPage = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pBt);
 
   nUnused = get2byte(&aHdr[5]) - nHdr - 2*p->nCell;
   nUnused += (int)aHdr[7];
   iOff = get2byte(&aHdr[1]);
   while( iOff ){
+    int iNext;
+    if( iOff>=szPage ) goto statPageIsCorrupt;
     nUnused += get2byte(&aData[iOff+2]);
-    iOff = get2byte(&aData[iOff]);
+    iNext = get2byte(&aData[iOff]);
+    if( iNext<iOff+4 && iNext>0 ) goto statPageIsCorrupt;
+    iOff = iNext;
   }
   p->nUnused = nUnused;
   p->iRightChildPg = isLeaf ? 0 : sqlite3Get4byte(&aHdr[8]);
-  szPage = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pBt);
 
   if( p->nCell ){
     int i;                        /* Used to iterate through cells */
@@ -190842,6 +202446,7 @@ static int statDecodePage(Btree *pBt, StatPage *p){
       StatCell *pCell = &p->aCell[i];
 
       iOff = get2byte(&aData[nHdr+i*2]);
+      if( iOff<nHdr || iOff>=szPage ) goto statPageIsCorrupt;
       if( !isLeaf ){
         pCell->iChildPg = sqlite3Get4byte(&aData[iOff]);
         iOff += 4;
@@ -190857,14 +202462,17 @@ static int statDecodePage(Btree *pBt, StatPage *p){
           iOff += sqlite3GetVarint(&aData[iOff], &dummy);
         }
         if( nPayload>(u32)p->nMxPayload ) p->nMxPayload = nPayload;
-        getLocalPayload(nUsable, p->flags, nPayload, &nLocal);
+        nLocal = getLocalPayload(nUsable, p->flags, nPayload);
+        if( nLocal<0 ) goto statPageIsCorrupt;
         pCell->nLocal = nLocal;
-        assert( nLocal>=0 );
         assert( nPayload>=(u32)nLocal );
         assert( nLocal<=(nUsable-35) );
         if( nPayload>(u32)nLocal ){
           int j;
           int nOvfl = ((nPayload - nLocal) + nUsable-4 - 1) / (nUsable - 4);
+          if( iOff+nLocal>nUsable || nPayload>0x7fffffff ){
+            goto statPageIsCorrupt;
+          }
           pCell->nLastOvfl = (nPayload-nLocal) - (nOvfl-1) * (nUsable-4);
           pCell->nOvfl = nOvfl;
           pCell->aOvfl = sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(u32)*nOvfl);
@@ -190878,7 +202486,7 @@ static int statDecodePage(Btree *pBt, StatPage *p){
             if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
               assert( pPg==0 );
               return rc;
-            } 
+            }
             pCell->aOvfl[j] = sqlite3Get4byte(sqlite3PagerGetData(pPg));
             sqlite3PagerUnref(pPg);
           }
@@ -190888,6 +202496,11 @@ static int statDecodePage(Btree *pBt, StatPage *p){
   }
 
   return SQLITE_OK;
+
+statPageIsCorrupt:
+  p->flags = 0;
+  statClearCells(p);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -190901,23 +202514,25 @@ static void statSizeAndOffset(StatCursor *pCsr){
   sqlite3_file *fd;
   sqlite3_int64 x[2];
 
-  /* The default page size and offset */
-  pCsr->szPage = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pBt);
-  pCsr->iOffset = (i64)pCsr->szPage * (pCsr->iPageno - 1);
-
-  /* If connected to a ZIPVFS backend, override the page size and
-  ** offset with actual values obtained from ZIPVFS.
+  /* If connected to a ZIPVFS backend, find the page size and
+  ** offset from ZIPVFS.
   */
   fd = sqlite3PagerFile(pPager);
   x[0] = pCsr->iPageno;
   if( sqlite3OsFileControl(fd, 230440, &x)==SQLITE_OK ){
     pCsr->iOffset = x[0];
-    pCsr->szPage = (int)x[1];
+    pCsr->szPage += x[1];
+  }else{
+    /* Not ZIPVFS: The default page size and offset */
+    pCsr->szPage += sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pBt);
+    pCsr->iOffset = (i64)pCsr->szPage * (pCsr->iPageno - 1);
   }
 }
 
 /*
-** Move a statvfs cursor to the next entry in the file.
+** Move a DBSTAT cursor to the next entry.  Normally, the next
+** entry will be the next page, but in aggregated mode (pCsr->isAgg!=0),
+** the next entry is the next btree.
 */
 static int statNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
   int rc;
@@ -190933,6 +202548,8 @@ static int statNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
 
 statNextRestart:
   if( pCsr->aPage[0].pPg==0 ){
+    /* Start measuring space on the next btree */
+    statResetCounts(pCsr);
     rc = sqlite3_step(pCsr->pStmt);
     if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
       int nPage;
@@ -190945,44 +202562,47 @@ statNextRestart:
       rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pPager, iRoot, &pCsr->aPage[0].pPg, 0);
       pCsr->aPage[0].iPgno = iRoot;
       pCsr->aPage[0].iCell = 0;
-      pCsr->aPage[0].zPath = z = sqlite3_mprintf("/");
+      if( !pCsr->isAgg ){
+        pCsr->aPage[0].zPath = z = sqlite3_mprintf("/");
+        if( z==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+      }
       pCsr->iPage = 0;
-      if( z==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+      pCsr->nPage = 1;
     }else{
       pCsr->isEof = 1;
       return sqlite3_reset(pCsr->pStmt);
     }
   }else{
-
-    /* Page p itself has already been visited. */
+    /* Continue analyzing the btree previously started */
     StatPage *p = &pCsr->aPage[pCsr->iPage];
-
+    if( !pCsr->isAgg ) statResetCounts(pCsr);
     while( p->iCell<p->nCell ){
       StatCell *pCell = &p->aCell[p->iCell];
-      if( pCell->iOvfl<pCell->nOvfl ){
-        int nUsable;
+      while( pCell->iOvfl<pCell->nOvfl ){
+        int nUsable, iOvfl;
         sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBt);
-        nUsable = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pBt) - 
+        nUsable = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pBt) -
                         sqlite3BtreeGetReserveNoMutex(pBt);
         sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBt);
-        pCsr->zName = (char *)sqlite3_column_text(pCsr->pStmt, 0);
-        pCsr->iPageno = pCell->aOvfl[pCell->iOvfl];
-        pCsr->zPagetype = "overflow";
-        pCsr->nCell = 0;
-        pCsr->nMxPayload = 0;
-        pCsr->zPath = z = sqlite3_mprintf(
-            "%s%.3x+%.6x", p->zPath, p->iCell, pCell->iOvfl
-        );
+        pCsr->nPage++;
+        statSizeAndOffset(pCsr);
         if( pCell->iOvfl<pCell->nOvfl-1 ){
-          pCsr->nUnused = 0;
-          pCsr->nPayload = nUsable - 4;
+          pCsr->nPayload += nUsable - 4;
         }else{
-          pCsr->nPayload = pCell->nLastOvfl;
-          pCsr->nUnused = nUsable - 4 - pCsr->nPayload;
+          pCsr->nPayload += pCell->nLastOvfl;
+          pCsr->nUnused += nUsable - 4 - pCell->nLastOvfl;
         }
+        iOvfl = pCell->iOvfl;
         pCell->iOvfl++;
-        statSizeAndOffset(pCsr);
-        return z==0 ? SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT : SQLITE_OK;
+        if( !pCsr->isAgg ){
+          pCsr->zName = (char *)sqlite3_column_text(pCsr->pStmt, 0);
+          pCsr->iPageno = pCell->aOvfl[iOvfl];
+          pCsr->zPagetype = "overflow";
+          pCsr->zPath = z = sqlite3_mprintf(
+              "%s%.3x+%.6x", p->zPath, p->iCell, iOvfl
+          );
+          return z==0 ? SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT : SQLITE_OK;
+        }
       }
       if( p->iRightChildPg ) break;
       p->iCell++;
@@ -190990,11 +202610,20 @@ statNextRestart:
 
     if( !p->iRightChildPg || p->iCell>p->nCell ){
       statClearPage(p);
-      if( pCsr->iPage==0 ) return statNext(pCursor);
-      pCsr->iPage--;
+      if( pCsr->iPage>0 ){
+        pCsr->iPage--;
+      }else if( pCsr->isAgg ){
+        /* label-statNext-done:  When computing aggregate space usage over
+        ** an entire btree, this is the exit point from this function */
+        return SQLITE_OK;
+      }
       goto statNextRestart; /* Tail recursion */
     }
     pCsr->iPage++;
+    if( pCsr->iPage>=ArraySize(pCsr->aPage) ){
+      statResetCsr(pCsr);
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    }
     assert( p==&pCsr->aPage[pCsr->iPage-1] );
 
     if( p->iCell==p->nCell ){
@@ -191003,10 +202632,13 @@ statNextRestart:
       p[1].iPgno = p->aCell[p->iCell].iChildPg;
     }
     rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pPager, p[1].iPgno, &p[1].pPg, 0);
+    pCsr->nPage++;
     p[1].iCell = 0;
-    p[1].zPath = z = sqlite3_mprintf("%s%.3x/", p->zPath, p->iCell);
+    if( !pCsr->isAgg ){
+      p[1].zPath = z = sqlite3_mprintf("%s%.3x/", p->zPath, p->iCell);
+      if( z==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+    }
     p->iCell++;
-    if( z==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
 
 
@@ -191036,16 +202668,23 @@ statNextRestart:
           pCsr->zPagetype = "corrupted";
           break;
       }
-      pCsr->nCell = p->nCell;
-      pCsr->nUnused = p->nUnused;
-      pCsr->nMxPayload = p->nMxPayload;
-      pCsr->zPath = z = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", p->zPath);
-      if( z==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+      pCsr->nCell += p->nCell;
+      pCsr->nUnused += p->nUnused;
+      if( p->nMxPayload>pCsr->nMxPayload ) pCsr->nMxPayload = p->nMxPayload;
+      if( !pCsr->isAgg ){
+        pCsr->zPath = z = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", p->zPath);
+        if( z==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+      }
       nPayload = 0;
       for(i=0; i<p->nCell; i++){
         nPayload += p->aCell[i].nLocal;
       }
-      pCsr->nPayload = nPayload;
+      pCsr->nPayload += nPayload;
+
+      /* If computing aggregate space usage by btree, continue with the
+      ** next page.  The loop will exit via the return at label-statNext-done
+      */
+      if( pCsr->isAgg ) goto statNextRestart;
     }
   }
 
@@ -191057,38 +202696,63 @@ static int statEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
   return pCsr->isEof;
 }
 
+/* Initialize a cursor according to the query plan idxNum using the
+** arguments in argv[0].  See statBestIndex() for a description of the
+** meaning of the bits in idxNum.
+*/
 static int statFilter(
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor, 
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor,
   int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
   int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
   StatCursor *pCsr = (StatCursor *)pCursor;
   StatTable *pTab = (StatTable*)(pCursor->pVtab);
-  char *zSql;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  char *zMaster;
+  sqlite3_str *pSql;      /* Query of btrees to analyze */
+  char *zSql;             /* String value of pSql */
+  int iArg = 0;           /* Count of argv[] parameters used so far */
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;     /* Result of this operation */
+  const char *zName = 0;  /* Only provide analysis of this table */
 
-  if( idxNum==1 ){
-    const char *zDbase = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+  statResetCsr(pCsr);
+  sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pStmt);
+  pCsr->pStmt = 0;
+  if( idxNum & 0x01 ){
+    /* schema=? constraint is present.  Get its value */
+    const char *zDbase = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[iArg++]);
     pCsr->iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(pTab->db, zDbase);
     if( pCsr->iDb<0 ){
-      sqlite3_free(pCursor->pVtab->zErrMsg);
-      pCursor->pVtab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("no such schema: %s", zDbase);
-      return pCursor->pVtab->zErrMsg ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+      pCsr->iDb = 0;
+      pCsr->isEof = 1;
+      return SQLITE_OK;
     }
   }else{
     pCsr->iDb = pTab->iDb;
   }
-  statResetCsr(pCsr);
-  sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pStmt);
-  pCsr->pStmt = 0;
-  zMaster = pCsr->iDb==1 ? "sqlite_temp_master" : "sqlite_master";
-  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-      "SELECT 'sqlite_master' AS name, 1 AS rootpage, 'table' AS type"
-      "  UNION ALL  "
-      "SELECT name, rootpage, type"
-      "  FROM \"%w\".%s WHERE rootpage!=0"
-      "  ORDER BY name", pTab->db->aDb[pCsr->iDb].zDbSName, zMaster);
+  if( idxNum & 0x02 ){
+    /* name=? constraint is present */
+    zName = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[iArg++]);
+  }
+  if( idxNum & 0x04 ){
+    /* aggregate=? constraint is present */
+    pCsr->isAgg = sqlite3_value_double(argv[iArg++])!=0.0;
+  }else{
+    pCsr->isAgg = 0;
+  }
+  pSql = sqlite3_str_new(pTab->db);
+  sqlite3_str_appendf(pSql,
+      "SELECT * FROM ("
+        "SELECT 'sqlite_schema' AS name,1 AS rootpage,'table' AS type"
+        " UNION ALL "
+        "SELECT name,rootpage,type"
+        " FROM \"%w\".sqlite_schema WHERE rootpage!=0)",
+      pTab->db->aDb[pCsr->iDb].zDbSName);
+  if( zName ){
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(pSql, "WHERE name=%Q", zName);
+  }
+  if( idxNum & 0x08 ){
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(pSql, " ORDER BY name");
+  }
+  zSql = sqlite3_str_finish(pSql);
   if( zSql==0 ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }else{
@@ -191103,8 +202767,8 @@ static int statFilter(
 }
 
 static int statColumn(
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor, 
-  sqlite3_context *ctx, 
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor,
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,
   int i
 ){
   StatCursor *pCsr = (StatCursor *)pCursor;
@@ -191113,13 +202777,21 @@ static int statColumn(
       sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCsr->zName, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
       break;
     case 1:            /* path */
-      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCsr->zPath, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      if( !pCsr->isAgg ){
+        sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCsr->zPath, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      }
       break;
     case 2:            /* pageno */
-      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->iPageno);
+      if( pCsr->isAgg ){
+        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->nPage);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->iPageno);
+      }
       break;
     case 3:            /* pagetype */
-      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCsr->zPagetype, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      if( !pCsr->isAgg ){
+        sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCsr->zPagetype, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      }
       break;
     case 4:            /* ncell */
       sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pCsr->nCell);
@@ -191134,17 +202806,23 @@ static int statColumn(
       sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pCsr->nMxPayload);
       break;
     case 8:            /* pgoffset */
-      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->iOffset);
+      if( !pCsr->isAgg ){
+        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->iOffset);
+      }
       break;
     case 9:            /* pgsize */
       sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pCsr->szPage);
       break;
-    default: {          /* schema */
+    case 10: {         /* schema */
       sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(ctx);
       int iDb = pCsr->iDb;
       sqlite3_result_text(ctx, db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
       break;
     }
+    default: {         /* aggregate */
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pCsr->isAgg);
+      break;
+    }
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -191183,6 +202861,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3 *db){
     0,                            /* xSavepoint */
     0,                            /* xRelease */
     0,                            /* xRollbackTo */
+    0                             /* xShadowName */
   };
   return sqlite3_create_module(db, "dbstat", &dbstat_module, 0);
 }
@@ -191207,7 +202886,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3 *db){ return SQLITE_OK; }
 ** This file contains an implementation of the "sqlite_dbpage" virtual table.
 **
 ** The sqlite_dbpage virtual table is used to read or write whole raw
-** pages of the database file.  The pager interface is used so that 
+** pages of the database file.  The pager interface is used so that
 ** uncommitted changes and changes recorded in the WAL file are correctly
 ** retrieved.
 **
@@ -191267,7 +202946,8 @@ static int dbpageConnect(
   DbpageTable *pTab = 0;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
-  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, 
+  sqlite3_vtab_config(db, SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY);
+  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db,
           "CREATE TABLE x(pgno INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, data BLOB, schema HIDDEN)");
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     pTab = (DbpageTable *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(DbpageTable));
@@ -191313,9 +202993,8 @@ static int dbpageBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
     if( p->iColumn!=DBPAGE_COLUMN_SCHEMA ) continue;
     if( p->op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
     if( !p->usable ){
-      /* No solution.  Use the default SQLITE_BIG_DBL cost */
-      pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 0x7fffffff;
-      return SQLITE_OK;
+      /* No solution. */
+      return SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
     }
     iPlan = 2;
     pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = 1;
@@ -191408,7 +203087,7 @@ static int dbpageEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
 ** idxStr is not used
 */
 static int dbpageFilter(
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor, 
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor,
   int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
   int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
@@ -191419,7 +203098,7 @@ static int dbpageFilter(
   Btree *pBt;
 
   /* Default setting is no rows of result */
-  pCsr->pgno = 1; 
+  pCsr->pgno = 1;
   pCsr->mxPgno = 0;
 
   if( idxNum & 2 ){
@@ -191454,8 +203133,8 @@ static int dbpageFilter(
 }
 
 static int dbpageColumn(
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor, 
-  sqlite3_context *ctx, 
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor,
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,
   int i
 ){
   DbpageCursor *pCsr = (DbpageCursor *)pCursor;
@@ -191507,6 +203186,10 @@ static int dbpageUpdate(
   Pager *pPager;
   int szPage;
 
+  if( pTab->db->flags & SQLITE_Defensive ){
+    zErr = "read-only";
+    goto update_fail;
+  }
   if( argc==1 ){
     zErr = "cannot delete";
     goto update_fail;
@@ -191528,7 +203211,7 @@ static int dbpageUpdate(
     goto update_fail;
   }
   szPage = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pBt);
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[3])!=SQLITE_BLOB 
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[3])!=SQLITE_BLOB
    || sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[3])!=szPage
   ){
     zErr = "bad page value";
@@ -191597,6 +203280,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3 *db){
     0,                            /* xSavepoint */
     0,                            /* xRelease */
     0,                            /* xRollbackTo */
+    0                             /* xShadowName */
   };
   return sqlite3_create_module(db, "sqlite_dbpage", &dbpage_module, 0);
 }
@@ -191633,6 +203317,8 @@ typedef struct SessionInput SessionInput;
 # endif
 #endif
 
+static int sessions_strm_chunk_size = SESSIONS_STRM_CHUNK_SIZE;
+
 typedef struct SessionHook SessionHook;
 struct SessionHook {
   void *pCtx;
@@ -191670,7 +203356,7 @@ struct SessionBuffer {
 };
 
 /*
-** An object of this type is used internally as an abstraction for 
+** An object of this type is used internally as an abstraction for
 ** input data. Input data may be supplied either as a single large buffer
 ** (e.g. sqlite3changeset_start()) or using a stream function (e.g.
 **  sqlite3changeset_start_strm()).
@@ -191695,6 +203381,7 @@ struct sqlite3_changeset_iter {
   SessionInput in;                /* Input buffer or stream */
   SessionBuffer tblhdr;           /* Buffer to hold apValue/zTab/abPK/ */
   int bPatchset;                  /* True if this is a patchset */
+  int bInvert;                    /* True to invert changeset */
   int rc;                         /* Iterator error code */
   sqlite3_stmt *pConflict;        /* Points to conflicting row, if any */
   char *zTab;                     /* Current table */
@@ -191730,11 +203417,11 @@ struct SessionTable {
   SessionChange **apChange;       /* Hash table buckets */
 };
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** RECORD FORMAT:
 **
-** The following record format is similar to (but not compatible with) that 
-** used in SQLite database files. This format is used as part of the 
+** The following record format is similar to (but not compatible with) that
+** used in SQLite database files. This format is used as part of the
 ** change-set binary format, and so must be architecture independent.
 **
 ** Unlike the SQLite database record format, each field is self-contained -
@@ -191768,7 +203455,7 @@ struct SessionTable {
 **   Real values:
 **     An 8-byte big-endian IEEE 754-2008 real value.
 **
-** Varint values are encoded in the same way as varints in the SQLite 
+** Varint values are encoded in the same way as varints in the SQLite
 ** record format.
 **
 ** CHANGESET FORMAT:
@@ -191800,7 +203487,7 @@ struct SessionTable {
 **
 ** The new.* record that is part of each INSERT change contains the values
 ** that make up the new row. Similarly, the old.* record that is part of each
-** DELETE change contains the values that made up the row that was deleted 
+** DELETE change contains the values that made up the row that was deleted
 ** from the database. In the changeset format, the records that are part
 ** of INSERT or DELETE changes never contain any undefined (type byte 0x00)
 ** fields.
@@ -191809,8 +203496,8 @@ struct SessionTable {
 ** associated with table columns that are not PRIMARY KEY columns and are
 ** not modified by the UPDATE change are set to "undefined". Other fields
 ** are set to the values that made up the row before the UPDATE that the
-** change records took place. Within the new.* record, fields associated 
-** with table columns modified by the UPDATE change contain the new 
+** change records took place. Within the new.* record, fields associated
+** with table columns modified by the UPDATE change contain the new
 ** values. Fields associated with table columns that are not modified
 ** are set to "undefined".
 **
@@ -191836,7 +203523,7 @@ struct SessionTable {
 **
 ** As in the changeset format, each field of the single record that is part
 ** of a patchset change is associated with the correspondingly positioned
-** table column, counting from left to right within the CREATE TABLE 
+** table column, counting from left to right within the CREATE TABLE
 ** statement.
 **
 ** For a DELETE change, all fields within the record except those associated
@@ -191851,6 +203538,42 @@ struct SessionTable {
 ** The records associated with INSERT changes are in the same format as for
 ** changesets. It is not possible for a record associated with an INSERT
 ** change to contain a field set to "undefined".
+**
+** REBASE BLOB FORMAT:
+**
+** A rebase blob may be output by sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() and its
+** streaming equivalent for use with the sqlite3_rebaser APIs to rebase
+** existing changesets. A rebase blob contains one entry for each conflict
+** resolved using either the OMIT or REPLACE strategies within the apply_v2()
+** call.
+**
+** The format used for a rebase blob is very similar to that used for
+** changesets. All entries related to a single table are grouped together.
+**
+** Each group of entries begins with a table header in changeset format:
+**
+**   1 byte: Constant 0x54 (capital 'T')
+**   Varint: Number of columns in the table.
+**   nCol bytes: 0x01 for PK columns, 0x00 otherwise.
+**   N bytes: Unqualified table name (encoded using UTF-8). Nul-terminated.
+**
+** Followed by one or more entries associated with the table.
+**
+**   1 byte: Either SQLITE_INSERT (0x12), DELETE (0x09).
+**   1 byte: Flag. 0x01 for REPLACE, 0x00 for OMIT.
+**   record: (in the record format defined above).
+**
+** In a rebase blob, the first field is set to SQLITE_INSERT if the change
+** that caused the conflict was an INSERT or UPDATE, or to SQLITE_DELETE if
+** it was a DELETE. The second field is set to 0x01 if the conflict
+** resolution strategy was REPLACE, or 0x00 if it was OMIT.
+**
+** If the change that caused the conflict was a DELETE, then the single
+** record is a copy of the old.* record from the original changeset. If it
+** was an INSERT, then the single record is a copy of the new.* record. If
+** the conflicting change was an UPDATE, then the single record is a copy
+** of the new.* record with the PK fields filled in based on the original
+** old.* record.
 */
 
 /*
@@ -191866,7 +203589,7 @@ struct SessionChange {
 };
 
 /*
-** Write a varint with value iVal into the buffer at aBuf. Return the 
+** Write a varint with value iVal into the buffer at aBuf. Return the
 ** number of bytes written.
 */
 static int sessionVarintPut(u8 *aBuf, int iVal){
@@ -191881,7 +203604,7 @@ static int sessionVarintLen(int iVal){
 }
 
 /*
-** Read a varint value from aBuf[] into *piVal. Return the number of 
+** Read a varint value from aBuf[] into *piVal. Return the number of
 ** bytes read.
 */
 static int sessionVarintGet(u8 *aBuf, int *piVal){
@@ -191920,34 +203643,34 @@ static void sessionPutI64(u8 *aBuf, sqlite3_int64 i){
 ** This function is used to serialize the contents of value pValue (see
 ** comment titled "RECORD FORMAT" above).
 **
-** If it is non-NULL, the serialized form of the value is written to 
+** If it is non-NULL, the serialized form of the value is written to
 ** buffer aBuf. *pnWrite is set to the number of bytes written before
 ** returning. Or, if aBuf is NULL, the only thing this function does is
 ** set *pnWrite.
 **
 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned. Or, if an OOM error occurs
-** within a call to sqlite3_value_text() (may fail if the db is utf-16)) 
+** within a call to sqlite3_value_text() (may fail if the db is utf-16))
 ** SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
 */
 static int sessionSerializeValue(
   u8 *aBuf,                       /* If non-NULL, write serialized value here */
   sqlite3_value *pValue,          /* Value to serialize */
-  int *pnWrite                    /* IN/OUT: Increment by bytes written */
+  sqlite3_int64 *pnWrite          /* IN/OUT: Increment by bytes written */
 ){
   int nByte;                      /* Size of serialized value in bytes */
 
   if( pValue ){
     int eType;                    /* Value type (SQLITE_NULL, TEXT etc.) */
-  
+
     eType = sqlite3_value_type(pValue);
     if( aBuf ) aBuf[0] = eType;
-  
+
     switch( eType ){
-      case SQLITE_NULL: 
+      case SQLITE_NULL:
         nByte = 1;
         break;
-  
-      case SQLITE_INTEGER: 
+
+      case SQLITE_INTEGER:
       case SQLITE_FLOAT:
         if( aBuf ){
           /* TODO: SQLite does something special to deal with mixed-endian
@@ -191964,14 +203687,14 @@ static int sessionSerializeValue(
           }
           sessionPutI64(&aBuf[1], i);
         }
-        nByte = 9; 
+        nByte = 9;
         break;
-  
+
       default: {
         u8 *z;
         int n;
         int nVarint;
-  
+
         assert( eType==SQLITE_TEXT || eType==SQLITE_BLOB );
         if( eType==SQLITE_TEXT ){
           z = (u8 *)sqlite3_value_text(pValue);
@@ -191981,12 +203704,12 @@ static int sessionSerializeValue(
         n = sqlite3_value_bytes(pValue);
         if( z==0 && (eType!=SQLITE_BLOB || n>0) ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
         nVarint = sessionVarintLen(n);
-  
+
         if( aBuf ){
           sessionVarintPut(&aBuf[1], n);
           if( n ) memcpy(&aBuf[nVarint + 1], z, n);
         }
-  
+
         nByte = 1 + nVarint + n;
         break;
       }
@@ -192028,7 +203751,7 @@ static unsigned int sessionHashAppendI64(unsigned int h, i64 i){
 }
 
 /*
-** Append the hash of the blob passed via the second and third arguments to 
+** Append the hash of the blob passed via the second and third arguments to
 ** the hash-key value passed as the first. Return the new hash-key value.
 */
 static unsigned int sessionHashAppendBlob(unsigned int h, int n, const u8 *z){
@@ -192047,7 +203770,7 @@ static unsigned int sessionHashAppendType(unsigned int h, int eType){
 
 /*
 ** This function may only be called from within a pre-update callback.
-** It calculates a hash based on the primary key values of the old.* or 
+** It calculates a hash based on the primary key values of the old.* or
 ** new.* row currently available and, assuming no error occurs, writes it to
 ** *piHash before returning. If the primary key contains one or more NULL
 ** values, *pbNullPK is set to true before returning.
@@ -192154,12 +203877,12 @@ static unsigned int sessionChangeHash(
     int isPK = pTab->abPK[i];
     if( bPkOnly && isPK==0 ) continue;
 
-    /* It is not possible for eType to be SQLITE_NULL here. The session 
+    /* It is not possible for eType to be SQLITE_NULL here. The session
     ** module does not record changes for rows with NULL values stored in
     ** primary key columns. */
-    assert( eType==SQLITE_INTEGER || eType==SQLITE_FLOAT 
-         || eType==SQLITE_TEXT || eType==SQLITE_BLOB 
-         || eType==SQLITE_NULL || eType==0 
+    assert( eType==SQLITE_INTEGER || eType==SQLITE_FLOAT
+         || eType==SQLITE_TEXT || eType==SQLITE_BLOB
+         || eType==SQLITE_NULL || eType==0
     );
     assert( !isPK || (eType!=0 && eType!=SQLITE_NULL) );
 
@@ -192170,7 +203893,7 @@ static unsigned int sessionChangeHash(
         h = sessionHashAppendI64(h, sessionGetI64(a));
         a += 8;
       }else{
-        int n; 
+        int n;
         a += sessionVarintGet(a, &n);
         h = sessionHashAppendBlob(h, n, a);
         a += n;
@@ -192185,7 +203908,7 @@ static unsigned int sessionChangeHash(
 /*
 ** Arguments aLeft and aRight are pointers to change records for table pTab.
 ** This function returns true if the two records apply to the same row (i.e.
-** have the same values stored in the primary key columns), or false 
+** have the same values stored in the primary key columns), or false
 ** otherwise.
 */
 static int sessionChangeEqual(
@@ -192222,17 +203945,17 @@ static int sessionChangeEqual(
 ** Arguments aLeft and aRight both point to buffers containing change
 ** records with nCol columns. This function "merges" the two records into
 ** a single records which is written to the buffer at *paOut. *paOut is
-** then set to point to one byte after the last byte written before 
+** then set to point to one byte after the last byte written before
 ** returning.
 **
-** The merging of records is done as follows: For each column, if the 
+** The merging of records is done as follows: For each column, if the
 ** aRight record contains a value for the column, copy the value from
 ** their. Otherwise, if aLeft contains a value, copy it. If neither
 ** record contains a value for a given column, then neither does the
 ** output record.
 */
 static void sessionMergeRecord(
-  u8 **paOut, 
+  u8 **paOut,
   int nCol,
   u8 *aLeft,
   u8 *aRight
@@ -192262,13 +203985,13 @@ static void sessionMergeRecord(
 /*
 ** This is a helper function used by sessionMergeUpdate().
 **
-** When this function is called, both *paOne and *paTwo point to a value 
-** within a change record. Before it returns, both have been advanced so 
+** When this function is called, both *paOne and *paTwo point to a value
+** within a change record. Before it returns, both have been advanced so
 ** as to point to the next value in the record.
 **
 ** If, when this function is called, *paTwo points to a valid value (i.e.
 ** *paTwo[0] is not 0x00 - the "no value" placeholder), a copy of the *paTwo
-** pointer is returned and *pnVal is set to the number of bytes in the 
+** pointer is returned and *pnVal is set to the number of bytes in the
 ** serialized value. Otherwise, a copy of *paOne is returned and *pnVal
 ** set to the number of bytes in the value at *paOne. If *paOne points
 ** to the "no value" placeholder, *pnVal is set to 1. In other words:
@@ -192367,8 +204090,8 @@ static int sessionMergeUpdate(
 
     aOld = sessionMergeValue(&aOld1, &aOld2, &nOld);
     aNew = sessionMergeValue(&aNew1, &aNew2, &nNew);
-    if( bPatchset==0 
-     && (pTab->abPK[i] || (nOld==nNew && 0==memcmp(aOld, aNew, nNew))) 
+    if( bPatchset==0
+     && (pTab->abPK[i] || (nOld==nNew && 0==memcmp(aOld, aNew, nNew)))
     ){
       *(aOut++) = '\0';
     }else{
@@ -192457,7 +204180,7 @@ static int sessionPreupdateEqual(
 }
 
 /*
-** If required, grow the hash table used to store changes on table pTab 
+** If required, grow the hash table used to store changes on table pTab
 ** (part of the session pSession). If a fatal OOM error occurs, set the
 ** session object to failed and return SQLITE_ERROR. Otherwise, return
 ** SQLITE_OK.
@@ -192471,9 +204194,9 @@ static int sessionGrowHash(int bPatchset, SessionTable *pTab){
   if( pTab->nChange==0 || pTab->nEntry>=(pTab->nChange/2) ){
     int i;
     SessionChange **apNew;
-    int nNew = (pTab->nChange ? pTab->nChange : 128) * 2;
+    sqlite3_int64 nNew = 2*(sqlite3_int64)(pTab->nChange ? pTab->nChange : 128);
 
-    apNew = (SessionChange **)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(SessionChange *) * nNew);
+    apNew = (SessionChange **)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(SessionChange *) * nNew);
     if( apNew==0 ){
       if( pTab->nChange==0 ){
         return SQLITE_ERROR;
@@ -192539,7 +204262,7 @@ static int sessionTableInfo(
   char *zPragma;
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
   int rc;
-  int nByte;
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte;
   int nDbCol = 0;
   int nThis;
   int i;
@@ -192582,7 +204305,7 @@ static int sessionTableInfo(
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     nByte += nDbCol * (sizeof(const char *) + sizeof(u8) + 1);
-    pAlloc = sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+    pAlloc = sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
     if( pAlloc==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }
@@ -192597,7 +204320,7 @@ static int sessionTableInfo(
       *pzTab = (char *)pAlloc;
       pAlloc += nThis+1;
     }
-  
+
     i = 0;
     while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
       int nName = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 1);
@@ -192610,7 +204333,7 @@ static int sessionTableInfo(
       i++;
     }
     rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
-  
+
   }
 
   /* If successful, populate the output variables. Otherwise, zero them and
@@ -192640,14 +204363,14 @@ static int sessionTableInfo(
 ** If an error occurs, an error code is stored in sqlite3_session.rc and
 ** non-zero returned. Or, if no error occurs but the table has no primary
 ** key, sqlite3_session.rc is left set to SQLITE_OK and non-zero returned to
-** indicate that updates on this table should be ignored. SessionTable.abPK 
+** indicate that updates on this table should be ignored. SessionTable.abPK
 ** is set to NULL in this case.
 */
 static int sessionInitTable(sqlite3_session *pSession, SessionTable *pTab){
   if( pTab->nCol==0 ){
     u8 *abPK;
     assert( pTab->azCol==0 || pTab->abPK==0 );
-    pSession->rc = sessionTableInfo(pSession->db, pSession->zDb, 
+    pSession->rc = sessionTableInfo(pSession->db, pSession->zDb,
         pTab->zName, &pTab->nCol, 0, &pTab->azCol, &abPK
     );
     if( pSession->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -192708,7 +204431,7 @@ static int sessionStat1Depth(void *pCtx){
 
 
 /*
-** This function is only called from with a pre-update-hook reporting a 
+** This function is only called from with a pre-update-hook reporting a
 ** change on table pTab (attached to session pSession). The type of change
 ** (UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE) is specified by the first argument.
 **
@@ -192720,17 +204443,17 @@ static void sessionPreupdateOneChange(
   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object pTab is attached to */
   SessionTable *pTab              /* Table that change applies to */
 ){
-  int iHash; 
-  int bNull = 0; 
+  int iHash;
+  int bNull = 0;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  SessionStat1Ctx stat1 = {0};
+  SessionStat1Ctx stat1 = {{0,0,0,0,0},0};
 
   if( pSession->rc ) return;
 
   /* Load table details if required */
   if( sessionInitTable(pSession, pTab) ) return;
 
-  /* Check the number of columns in this xPreUpdate call matches the 
+  /* Check the number of columns in this xPreUpdate call matches the
   ** number of columns in the table.  */
   if( pTab->nCol!=pSession->hook.xCount(pSession->hook.pCtx) ){
     pSession->rc = SQLITE_SCHEMA;
@@ -192780,12 +204503,12 @@ static void sessionPreupdateOneChange(
       ** this is an SQLITE_UPDATE or SQLITE_DELETE), or just the PK
       ** values (if this is an INSERT). */
       SessionChange *pChange; /* New change object */
-      int nByte;              /* Number of bytes to allocate */
+      sqlite3_int64 nByte;    /* Number of bytes to allocate */
       int i;                  /* Used to iterate through columns */
-  
+
       assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
       pTab->nEntry++;
-  
+
       /* Figure out how large an allocation is required */
       nByte = sizeof(SessionChange);
       for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
@@ -192803,9 +204526,9 @@ static void sessionPreupdateOneChange(
         rc = sessionSerializeValue(0, p, &nByte);
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto error_out;
       }
-  
+
       /* Allocate the change object */
-      pChange = (SessionChange *)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+      pChange = (SessionChange *)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
       if( !pChange ){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
         goto error_out;
@@ -192813,7 +204536,7 @@ static void sessionPreupdateOneChange(
         memset(pChange, 0, sizeof(SessionChange));
         pChange->aRecord = (u8 *)&pChange[1];
       }
-  
+
       /* Populate the change object. None of the preupdate_old(),
       ** preupdate_new() or SerializeValue() calls below may fail as all
       ** required values and encodings have already been cached in memory.
@@ -192841,8 +204564,8 @@ static void sessionPreupdateOneChange(
     }else if( pC->bIndirect ){
       /* If the existing change is considered "indirect", but this current
       ** change is "direct", mark the change object as direct. */
-      if( pSession->hook.xDepth(pSession->hook.pCtx)==0 
-       && pSession->bIndirect==0 
+      if( pSession->hook.xDepth(pSession->hook.pCtx)==0
+       && pSession->bIndirect==0
       ){
         pC->bIndirect = 0;
       }
@@ -192860,7 +204583,7 @@ static void sessionPreupdateOneChange(
 }
 
 static int sessionFindTable(
-  sqlite3_session *pSession, 
+  sqlite3_session *pSession,
   const char *zName,
   SessionTable **ppTab
 ){
@@ -192877,7 +204600,7 @@ static int sessionFindTable(
     /* If there is a table-filter configured, invoke it. If it returns 0,
     ** do not automatically add the new table. */
     if( pSession->xTableFilter==0
-     || pSession->xTableFilter(pSession->pFilterCtx, zName) 
+     || pSession->xTableFilter(pSession->pFilterCtx, zName)
     ){
       rc = sqlite3session_attach(pSession, zName);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -192912,8 +204635,8 @@ static void xPreUpdate(
   for(pSession=(sqlite3_session *)pCtx; pSession; pSession=pSession->pNext){
     SessionTable *pTab;
 
-    /* If this session is attached to a different database ("main", "temp" 
-    ** etc.), or if it is not currently enabled, there is nothing to do. Skip 
+    /* If this session is attached to a different database ("main", "temp"
+    ** etc.), or if it is not currently enabled, there is nothing to do. Skip
     ** to the next session object attached to this database. */
     if( pSession->bEnable==0 ) continue;
     if( pSession->rc ) continue;
@@ -193004,7 +204727,7 @@ static void sessionDiffHooks(
 
 static char *sessionExprComparePK(
   int nCol,
-  const char *zDb1, const char *zDb2, 
+  const char *zDb1, const char *zDb2,
   const char *zTab,
   const char **azCol, u8 *abPK
 ){
@@ -193027,7 +204750,7 @@ static char *sessionExprComparePK(
 
 static char *sessionExprCompareOther(
   int nCol,
-  const char *zDb1, const char *zDb2, 
+  const char *zDb1, const char *zDb2,
   const char *zTab,
   const char **azCol, u8 *abPK
 ){
@@ -193104,9 +204827,9 @@ static int sessionDiffFindNew(
 }
 
 static int sessionDiffFindModified(
-  sqlite3_session *pSession, 
-  SessionTable *pTab, 
-  const char *zFrom, 
+  sqlite3_session *pSession,
+  SessionTable *pTab,
+  const char *zFrom,
   const char *zExpr
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -193193,7 +204916,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_diff(
       }
       sqlite3_free((char*)azCol);
       if( bMismatch ){
-        *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("table schemas do not match");
+        if( pzErrMsg ){
+          *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("table schemas do not match");
+        }
         rc = SQLITE_SCHEMA;
       }
       if( bHasPk==0 ){
@@ -193203,7 +204928,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_diff(
     }
 
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      zExpr = sessionExprComparePK(pTo->nCol, 
+      zExpr = sessionExprComparePK(pTo->nCol,
           zDb, zFrom, pTo->zName, pTo->azCol, pTo->abPK
       );
     }
@@ -193249,7 +204974,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_create(
   *ppSession = 0;
 
   /* Allocate and populate the new session object. */
-  pNew = (sqlite3_session *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(sqlite3_session) + nDb + 1);
+  pNew = (sqlite3_session *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(sqlite3_session) + nDb + 1);
   if( !pNew ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(sqlite3_session));
   pNew->db = db;
@@ -193258,7 +204983,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_create(
   memcpy(pNew->zDb, zDb, nDb+1);
   sessionPreupdateHooks(pNew);
 
-  /* Add the new session object to the linked list of session objects 
+  /* Add the new session object to the linked list of session objects
   ** attached to database handle $db. Do this under the cover of the db
   ** handle mutex.  */
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_db_mutex(db));
@@ -193317,7 +205042,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession){
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_db_mutex(db));
   sqlite3ValueFree(pSession->pZeroBlob);
 
-  /* Delete all attached table objects. And the contents of their 
+  /* Delete all attached table objects. And the contents of their
   ** associated hash-tables. */
   sessionDeleteTable(pSession->pTable);
 
@@ -193329,7 +205054,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession){
 ** Set a table filter on a Session Object.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
-  sqlite3_session *pSession, 
+  sqlite3_session *pSession,
   int(*xFilter)(void*, const char*),
   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xFilter */
 ){
@@ -193368,12 +205093,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_attach(
 
     if( !pTab ){
       /* Allocate new SessionTable object. */
-      pTab = (SessionTable *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(SessionTable) + nName + 1);
+      pTab = (SessionTable *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(SessionTable) + nName + 1);
       if( !pTab ){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }else{
         /* Populate the new SessionTable object and link it into the list.
-        ** The new object must be linked onto the end of the list, not 
+        ** The new object must be linked onto the end of the list, not
         ** simply added to the start of it in order to ensure that tables
         ** appear in the correct order when a changeset or patchset is
         ** eventually generated. */
@@ -193398,15 +205123,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_attach(
 ** If successful, return zero. Otherwise, if an OOM condition is encountered,
 ** set *pRc to SQLITE_NOMEM and return non-zero.
 */
-static int sessionBufferGrow(SessionBuffer *p, int nByte, int *pRc){
-  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK && p->nAlloc-p->nBuf<nByte ){
+static int sessionBufferGrow(SessionBuffer *p, size_t nByte, int *pRc){
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK && (size_t)(p->nAlloc-p->nBuf)<nByte ){
     u8 *aNew;
-    int nNew = p->nAlloc ? p->nAlloc : 128;
+    i64 nNew = p->nAlloc ? p->nAlloc : 128;
     do {
       nNew = nNew*2;
-    }while( nNew<(p->nBuf+nByte) );
+    }while( (size_t)(nNew-p->nBuf)<nByte );
 
-    aNew = (u8 *)sqlite3_realloc(p->aBuf, nNew);
+    aNew = (u8 *)sqlite3_realloc64(p->aBuf, nNew);
     if( 0==aNew ){
       *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
@@ -193428,7 +205153,7 @@ static int sessionBufferGrow(SessionBuffer *p, int nByte, int *pRc){
 static void sessionAppendValue(SessionBuffer *p, sqlite3_value *pVal, int *pRc){
   int rc = *pRc;
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    int nByte = 0;
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte = 0;
     rc = sessionSerializeValue(0, pVal, &nByte);
     sessionBufferGrow(p, nByte, &rc);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -193441,8 +205166,8 @@ static void sessionAppendValue(SessionBuffer *p, sqlite3_value *pVal, int *pRc){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is 
-** called. Otherwise, append a single byte to the buffer. 
+** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is
+** called. Otherwise, append a single byte to the buffer.
 **
 ** If an OOM condition is encountered, set *pRc to SQLITE_NOMEM before
 ** returning.
@@ -193454,8 +205179,8 @@ static void sessionAppendByte(SessionBuffer *p, u8 v, int *pRc){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is 
-** called. Otherwise, append a single varint to the buffer. 
+** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is
+** called. Otherwise, append a single varint to the buffer.
 **
 ** If an OOM condition is encountered, set *pRc to SQLITE_NOMEM before
 ** returning.
@@ -193467,16 +205192,16 @@ static void sessionAppendVarint(SessionBuffer *p, int v, int *pRc){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is 
-** called. Otherwise, append a blob of data to the buffer. 
+** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is
+** called. Otherwise, append a blob of data to the buffer.
 **
 ** If an OOM condition is encountered, set *pRc to SQLITE_NOMEM before
 ** returning.
 */
 static void sessionAppendBlob(
-  SessionBuffer *p, 
-  const u8 *aBlob, 
-  int nBlob, 
+  SessionBuffer *p,
+  const u8 *aBlob,
+  int nBlob,
   int *pRc
 ){
   if( nBlob>0 && 0==sessionBufferGrow(p, nBlob, pRc) ){
@@ -193486,7 +205211,7 @@ static void sessionAppendBlob(
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is 
+** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is
 ** called. Otherwise, append a string to the buffer. All bytes in the string
 ** up to (but not including) the nul-terminator are written to the buffer.
 **
@@ -193494,8 +205219,8 @@ static void sessionAppendBlob(
 ** returning.
 */
 static void sessionAppendStr(
-  SessionBuffer *p, 
-  const char *zStr, 
+  SessionBuffer *p,
+  const char *zStr,
   int *pRc
 ){
   int nStr = sqlite3Strlen30(zStr);
@@ -193506,7 +205231,7 @@ static void sessionAppendStr(
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is 
+** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is
 ** called. Otherwise, append the string representation of integer iVal
 ** to the buffer. No nul-terminator is written.
 **
@@ -193524,9 +205249,9 @@ static void sessionAppendInteger(
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is 
+** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is
 ** called. Otherwise, append the string zStr enclosed in quotes (") and
-** with any embedded quote characters escaped to the buffer. No 
+** with any embedded quote characters escaped to the buffer. No
 ** nul-terminator byte is written.
 **
 ** If an OOM condition is encountered, set *pRc to SQLITE_NOMEM before
@@ -193599,8 +205324,8 @@ static void sessionAppendCol(
 
 /*
 **
-** This function appends an update change to the buffer (see the comments 
-** under "CHANGESET FORMAT" at the top of the file). An update change 
+** This function appends an update change to the buffer (see the comments
+** under "CHANGESET FORMAT" at the top of the file). An update change
 ** consists of:
 **
 **   1 byte:  SQLITE_UPDATE (0x17)
@@ -193615,10 +205340,10 @@ static void sessionAppendCol(
 ** If all of the old.* values are equal to their corresponding new.* value
 ** (i.e. nothing has changed), then no data at all is appended to the buffer.
 **
-** Otherwise, the old.* record contains all primary key values and the 
-** original values of any fields that have been modified. The new.* record 
+** Otherwise, the old.* record contains all primary key values and the
+** original values of any fields that have been modified. The new.* record
 ** contains the new values of only those fields that have been modified.
-*/ 
+*/
 static int sessionAppendUpdate(
   SessionBuffer *pBuf,            /* Buffer to append to */
   int bPatchset,                  /* True for "patchset", 0 for "changeset" */
@@ -193669,8 +205394,8 @@ static int sessionAppendUpdate(
         int nHdr = 1 + sessionVarintGet(&pCsr[1], &n);
         assert( eType==SQLITE_TEXT || eType==SQLITE_BLOB );
         nAdvance = nHdr + n;
-        if( eType==sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, i) 
-         && n==sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, i) 
+        if( eType==sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, i)
+         && n==sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, i)
          && (n==0 || 0==memcmp(&pCsr[nHdr], sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, i), n))
         ){
           break;
@@ -193897,7 +205622,7 @@ static int sessionSelectBind(
 
 /*
 ** This function is a no-op if *pRc is set to other than SQLITE_OK when it
-** is called. Otherwise, append a serialized table header (part of the binary 
+** is called. Otherwise, append a serialized table header (part of the binary
 ** changeset format) to buffer *pBuf. If an error occurs, set *pRc to an
 ** SQLite error code before returning.
 */
@@ -193921,7 +205646,7 @@ static void sessionAppendTableHdr(
 **
 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned and the new changeset/patchset
 ** stored in output variables *pnChangeset and *ppChangeset. Or, if an error
-** occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and both output variables set 
+** occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and both output variables set
 ** to 0.
 */
 static int sessionGenerateChangeset(
@@ -194004,12 +205729,12 @@ static int sessionGenerateChangeset(
             rc = sqlite3_reset(pSel);
           }
 
-          /* If the buffer is now larger than SESSIONS_STRM_CHUNK_SIZE, pass
+          /* If the buffer is now larger than sessions_strm_chunk_size, pass
           ** its contents to the xOutput() callback. */
-          if( xOutput 
-           && rc==SQLITE_OK 
-           && buf.nBuf>nNoop 
-           && buf.nBuf>SESSIONS_STRM_CHUNK_SIZE 
+          if( xOutput
+           && rc==SQLITE_OK
+           && buf.nBuf>nNoop
+           && buf.nBuf>sessions_strm_chunk_size
           ){
             rc = xOutput(pOut, (void*)buf.aBuf, buf.nBuf);
             nNoop = -1;
@@ -194044,10 +205769,10 @@ static int sessionGenerateChangeset(
 }
 
 /*
-** Obtain a changeset object containing all changes recorded by the 
+** Obtain a changeset object containing all changes recorded by the
 ** session object passed as the first argument.
 **
-** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer 
+** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer
 ** using sqlite3_free().
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset(
@@ -194081,10 +205806,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset_strm(
 }
 
 /*
-** Obtain a patchset object containing all changes recorded by the 
+** Obtain a patchset object containing all changes recorded by the
 ** session object passed as the first argument.
 **
-** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer 
+** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer
 ** using sqlite3_free().
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset(
@@ -194148,7 +205873,8 @@ static int sessionChangesetStart(
   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
   void *pIn,
   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of buffer pChangeset in bytes */
-  void *pChangeset                /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset */
+  void *pChangeset,               /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset */
+  int bInvert                     /* True to invert changeset */
 ){
   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pRet;   /* Iterator to return */
   int nByte;                      /* Number of bytes to allocate for iterator */
@@ -194168,6 +205894,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetStart(
   pRet->in.xInput = xInput;
   pRet->in.pIn = pIn;
   pRet->in.bEof = (xInput ? 0 : 1);
+  pRet->bInvert = bInvert;
 
   /* Populate the output variable and return success. */
   *pp = pRet;
@@ -194182,7 +205909,16 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start(
   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of buffer pChangeset in bytes */
   void *pChangeset                /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset */
 ){
-  return sessionChangesetStart(pp, 0, 0, nChangeset, pChangeset);
+  return sessionChangesetStart(pp, 0, 0, nChangeset, pChangeset, 0);
+}
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_v2(
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: Changeset iterator handle */
+  int nChangeset,                 /* Size of buffer pChangeset in bytes */
+  void *pChangeset,               /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset */
+  int flags
+){
+  int bInvert = !!(flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT);
+  return sessionChangesetStart(pp, 0, 0, nChangeset, pChangeset, bInvert);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -194193,7 +205929,16 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_strm(
   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
   void *pIn
 ){
-  return sessionChangesetStart(pp, xInput, pIn, 0, 0);
+  return sessionChangesetStart(pp, xInput, pIn, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_v2_strm(
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: Changeset iterator handle */
+  int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
+  void *pIn,
+  int flags
+){
+  int bInvert = !!(flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT);
+  return sessionChangesetStart(pp, xInput, pIn, 0, 0, bInvert);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -194201,7 +205946,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_strm(
 ** object and the buffer is full, discard some data to free up space.
 */
 static void sessionDiscardData(SessionInput *pIn){
-  if( pIn->xInput && pIn->iNext>=SESSIONS_STRM_CHUNK_SIZE ){
+  if( pIn->xInput && pIn->iNext>=sessions_strm_chunk_size ){
     int nMove = pIn->buf.nBuf - pIn->iNext;
     assert( nMove>=0 );
     if( nMove>0 ){
@@ -194224,7 +205969,7 @@ static int sessionInputBuffer(SessionInput *pIn, int nByte){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   if( pIn->xInput ){
     while( !pIn->bEof && (pIn->iNext+nByte)>=pIn->nData && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      int nNew = SESSIONS_STRM_CHUNK_SIZE;
+      int nNew = sessions_strm_chunk_size;
 
       if( pIn->bNoDiscard==0 ) sessionDiscardData(pIn);
       if( SQLITE_OK==sessionBufferGrow(&pIn->buf, nNew, &rc) ){
@@ -194270,7 +206015,7 @@ static void sessionSkipRecord(
 
 /*
 ** This function sets the value of the sqlite3_value object passed as the
-** first argument to a copy of the string or blob held in the aData[] 
+** first argument to a copy of the string or blob held in the aData[]
 ** buffer. SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or SQLITE_NOMEM if an OOM
 ** error occurs.
 */
@@ -194281,10 +206026,10 @@ static int sessionValueSetStr(
   u8 enc                          /* String encoding (0 for blobs) */
 ){
   /* In theory this code could just pass SQLITE_TRANSIENT as the final
-  ** argument to sqlite3ValueSetStr() and have the copy created 
+  ** argument to sqlite3ValueSetStr() and have the copy created
   ** automatically. But doing so makes it difficult to detect any OOM
   ** error. Hence the code to create the copy externally. */
-  u8 *aCopy = sqlite3_malloc(nData+1);
+  u8 *aCopy = sqlite3_malloc64((sqlite3_int64)nData+1);
   if( aCopy==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   memcpy(aCopy, aData, nData);
   sqlite3ValueSetStr(pVal, nData, (char*)aCopy, enc, sqlite3_free);
@@ -194382,7 +206127,7 @@ static int sessionReadRecord(
 **   + array of PK flags (1 byte per column),
 **   + table name (nul terminated).
 **
-** This function ensures that all of the above is present in the input 
+** This function ensures that all of the above is present in the input
 ** buffer (i.e. that it can be accessed without any calls to xInput()).
 ** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error code.
 ** The input pointer is not moved.
@@ -194396,11 +206141,11 @@ static int sessionChangesetBufferTblhdr(SessionInput *pIn, int *pnByte){
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     nRead += sessionVarintGet(&pIn->aData[pIn->iNext + nRead], &nCol);
     /* The hard upper limit for the number of columns in an SQLite
-    ** database table is, according to sqliteLimit.h, 32676. So 
-    ** consider any table-header that purports to have more than 65536 
-    ** columns to be corrupt. This is convenient because otherwise, 
-    ** if the (nCol>65536) condition below were omitted, a sufficiently 
-    ** large value for nCol may cause nRead to wrap around and become 
+    ** database table is, according to sqliteLimit.h, 32676. So
+    ** consider any table-header that purports to have more than 65536
+    ** columns to be corrupt. This is convenient because otherwise,
+    ** if the (nCol>65536) condition below were omitted, a sufficiently
+    ** large value for nCol may cause nRead to wrap around and become
     ** negative. Leading to a crash. */
     if( nCol<0 || nCol>65536 ){
       rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
@@ -194465,8 +206210,8 @@ static int sessionChangesetBufferRecord(
 **   + array of PK flags (1 byte per column),
 **   + table name (nul terminated).
 **
-** This function decodes the table-header and populates the p->nCol, 
-** p->zTab and p->abPK[] variables accordingly. The p->apValue[] array is 
+** This function decodes the table-header and populates the p->nCol,
+** p->zTab and p->abPK[] variables accordingly. The p->apValue[] array is
 ** also allocated or resized according to the new value of p->nCol. The
 ** input pointer is left pointing to the byte following the table header.
 **
@@ -194496,15 +206241,20 @@ static int sessionChangesetReadTblhdr(sqlite3_changeset_iter *p){
   }
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    int iPK = sizeof(sqlite3_value*)*p->nCol*2;
+    size_t iPK = sizeof(sqlite3_value*)*p->nCol*2;
     memset(p->tblhdr.aBuf, 0, iPK);
     memcpy(&p->tblhdr.aBuf[iPK], &p->in.aData[p->in.iNext], nCopy);
     p->in.iNext += nCopy;
   }
 
   p->apValue = (sqlite3_value**)p->tblhdr.aBuf;
-  p->abPK = (u8*)&p->apValue[p->nCol*2];
-  p->zTab = (char*)&p->abPK[p->nCol];
+  if( p->apValue==0 ){
+    p->abPK = 0;
+    p->zTab = 0;
+  }else{
+    p->abPK = (u8*)&p->apValue[p->nCol*2];
+    p->zTab = p->abPK ? (char*)&p->abPK[p->nCol] : 0;
+  }
   return (p->rc = rc);
 }
 
@@ -194519,9 +206269,9 @@ static int sessionChangesetReadTblhdr(sqlite3_changeset_iter *p){
 ** record is written to *paRec before returning and the number of bytes in
 ** the record to *pnRec.
 **
-** Either way, this function returns SQLITE_ROW if the iterator is 
-** successfully advanced to the next change in the changeset, an SQLite 
-** error code if an error occurs, or SQLITE_DONE if there are no further 
+** Either way, this function returns SQLITE_ROW if the iterator is
+** successfully advanced to the next change in the changeset, an SQLite
+** error code if an error occurs, or SQLITE_DONE if there are no further
 ** changes in the changeset.
 */
 static int sessionChangesetNext(
@@ -194572,10 +206322,10 @@ static int sessionChangesetNext(
     op = p->in.aData[p->in.iNext++];
   }
 
-  if( p->zTab==0 ){
+  if( p->zTab==0 || (p->bPatchset && p->bInvert) ){
     /* The first record in the changeset is not a table header. Must be a
     ** corrupt changeset. */
-    assert( p->in.iNext==1 );
+    assert( p->in.iNext==1 || p->zTab );
     return (p->rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT);
   }
 
@@ -194585,7 +206335,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetNext(
     return (p->rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT);
   }
 
-  if( paRec ){ 
+  if( paRec ){
     int nVal;                     /* Number of values to buffer */
     if( p->bPatchset==0 && op==SQLITE_UPDATE ){
       nVal = p->nCol * 2;
@@ -194600,33 +206350,39 @@ static int sessionChangesetNext(
     *paRec = &p->in.aData[p->in.iNext];
     p->in.iNext += *pnRec;
   }else{
+    sqlite3_value **apOld = (p->bInvert ? &p->apValue[p->nCol] : p->apValue);
+    sqlite3_value **apNew = (p->bInvert ? p->apValue : &p->apValue[p->nCol]);
 
     /* If this is an UPDATE or DELETE, read the old.* record. */
     if( p->op!=SQLITE_INSERT && (p->bPatchset==0 || p->op==SQLITE_DELETE) ){
       u8 *abPK = p->bPatchset ? p->abPK : 0;
-      p->rc = sessionReadRecord(&p->in, p->nCol, abPK, p->apValue);
+      p->rc = sessionReadRecord(&p->in, p->nCol, abPK, apOld);
       if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return p->rc;
     }
 
     /* If this is an INSERT or UPDATE, read the new.* record. */
     if( p->op!=SQLITE_DELETE ){
-      p->rc = sessionReadRecord(&p->in, p->nCol, 0, &p->apValue[p->nCol]);
+      p->rc = sessionReadRecord(&p->in, p->nCol, 0, apNew);
       if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return p->rc;
     }
 
-    if( p->bPatchset && p->op==SQLITE_UPDATE ){
+    if( (p->bPatchset || p->bInvert) && p->op==SQLITE_UPDATE ){
       /* If this is an UPDATE that is part of a patchset, then all PK and
       ** modified fields are present in the new.* record. The old.* record
       ** is currently completely empty. This block shifts the PK fields from
       ** new.* to old.*, to accommodate the code that reads these arrays.  */
       for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++){
-        assert( p->apValue[i]==0 );
+        assert( p->bPatchset==0 || p->apValue[i]==0 );
         if( p->abPK[i] ){
+          assert( p->apValue[i]==0 );
           p->apValue[i] = p->apValue[i+p->nCol];
           if( p->apValue[i]==0 ) return (p->rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT);
           p->apValue[i+p->nCol] = 0;
         }
       }
+    }else if( p->bInvert ){
+      if( p->op==SQLITE_INSERT ) p->op = SQLITE_DELETE;
+      else if( p->op==SQLITE_DELETE ) p->op = SQLITE_INSERT;
     }
   }
 
@@ -194746,7 +206502,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_new(
 
 /*
 ** This function may only be called with a changeset iterator that has been
-** passed to an SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT 
+** passed to an SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT
 ** conflict-handler function. Otherwise, SQLITE_MISUSE is returned.
 **
 ** If successful, *ppValue is set to point to an sqlite3_value structure
@@ -194891,7 +206647,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetInvert(
         int iCol;
 
         if( 0==apVal ){
-          apVal = (sqlite3_value **)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(apVal[0])*nCol*2);
+          apVal = (sqlite3_value **)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(apVal[0])*nCol*2);
           if( 0==apVal ){
             rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
             goto finished_invert;
@@ -194943,7 +206699,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetInvert(
     }
 
     assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-    if( xOutput && sOut.nBuf>=SESSIONS_STRM_CHUNK_SIZE ){
+    if( xOutput && sOut.nBuf>=sessions_strm_chunk_size ){
       rc = xOutput(pOut, sOut.aBuf, sOut.nBuf);
       sOut.nBuf = 0;
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto finished_invert;
@@ -195020,9 +206776,11 @@ struct SessionApplyCtx {
   u8 *abPK;                       /* Boolean array - true if column is in PK */
   int bStat1;                     /* True if table is sqlite_stat1 */
   int bDeferConstraints;          /* True to defer constraints */
+  int bInvertConstraints;         /* Invert when iterating constraints buffer */
   SessionBuffer constraints;      /* Deferred constraints are stored here */
   SessionBuffer rebase;           /* Rebase information (if any) here */
-  int bRebaseStarted;             /* If table header is already in rebase */
+  u8 bRebaseStarted;              /* If table header is already in rebase */
+  u8 bRebase;                     /* True to collect rebase information */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -195053,7 +206811,7 @@ static int sessionDeleteRow(
   SessionBuffer buf = {0, 0, 0};
   int nPk = 0;
 
-  sessionAppendStr(&buf, "DELETE FROM ", &rc);
+  sessionAppendStr(&buf, "DELETE FROM main.", &rc);
   sessionAppendIdent(&buf, zTab, &rc);
   sessionAppendStr(&buf, " WHERE ", &rc);
 
@@ -195095,7 +206853,7 @@ static int sessionDeleteRow(
 }
 
 /*
-** Formulate and prepare a statement to UPDATE a row from database db. 
+** Formulate and prepare a statement to UPDATE a row from database db.
 ** Assuming a table structure like this:
 **
 **     CREATE TABLE x(a, b, c, d, PRIMARY KEY(a, c));
@@ -195107,7 +206865,7 @@ static int sessionDeleteRow(
 **     b = CASE WHEN ?5  THEN ?6  ELSE b END,
 **     c = CASE WHEN ?8  THEN ?9  ELSE c END,
 **     d = CASE WHEN ?11 THEN ?12 ELSE d END
-**     WHERE a = ?1 AND c = ?7 AND (?13 OR 
+**     WHERE a = ?1 AND c = ?7 AND (?13 OR
 **       (?5==0 OR b IS ?4) AND (?11==0 OR d IS ?10) AND
 **     )
 **
@@ -195136,7 +206894,7 @@ static int sessionUpdateRow(
   SessionBuffer buf = {0, 0, 0};
 
   /* Append "UPDATE tbl SET " */
-  sessionAppendStr(&buf, "UPDATE ", &rc);
+  sessionAppendStr(&buf, "UPDATE main.", &rc);
   sessionAppendIdent(&buf, zTab, &rc);
   sessionAppendStr(&buf, " SET ", &rc);
 
@@ -195259,7 +207017,7 @@ static int sessionPrepare(sqlite3 *db, sqlite3_stmt **pp, const char *zSql){
 /*
 ** Prepare statements for applying changes to the sqlite_stat1 table.
 ** These are similar to those created by sessionSelectRow(),
-** sessionInsertRow(), sessionUpdateRow() and sessionDeleteRow() for 
+** sessionInsertRow(), sessionUpdateRow() and sessionDeleteRow() for
 ** other tables.
 */
 static int sessionStat1Sql(sqlite3 *db, SessionApplyCtx *p){
@@ -195293,7 +207051,7 @@ static int sessionStat1Sql(sqlite3 *db, SessionApplyCtx *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** A wrapper around sqlite3_bind_value() that detects an extra problem. 
+** A wrapper around sqlite3_bind_value() that detects an extra problem.
 ** See comments in the body of this function for details.
 */
 static int sessionBindValue(
@@ -195316,15 +207074,15 @@ static int sessionBindValue(
 }
 
 /*
-** Iterator pIter must point to an SQLITE_INSERT entry. This function 
+** Iterator pIter must point to an SQLITE_INSERT entry. This function
 ** transfers new.* values from the current iterator entry to statement
 ** pStmt. The table being inserted into has nCol columns.
 **
-** New.* value $i from the iterator is bound to variable ($i+1) of 
+** New.* value $i from the iterator is bound to variable ($i+1) of
 ** statement pStmt. If parameter abPK is NULL, all values from 0 to (nCol-1)
 ** are transfered to the statement. Otherwise, if abPK is not NULL, it points
-** to an array nCol elements in size. In this case only those values for 
-** which abPK[$i] is true are read from the iterator and bound to the 
+** to an array nCol elements in size. In this case only those values for
+** which abPK[$i] is true are read from the iterator and bound to the
 ** statement.
 **
 ** An SQLite error code is returned if an error occurs. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK.
@@ -195340,8 +207098,8 @@ static int sessionBindRow(
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
   /* Neither sqlite3changeset_old or sqlite3changeset_new can fail if the
-  ** argument iterator points to a suitable entry. Make sure that xValue 
-  ** is one of these to guarantee that it is safe to ignore the return 
+  ** argument iterator points to a suitable entry. Make sure that xValue
+  ** is one of these to guarantee that it is safe to ignore the return
   ** in the code below. */
   assert( xValue==sqlite3changeset_old || xValue==sqlite3changeset_new );
 
@@ -195365,18 +207123,18 @@ static int sessionBindRow(
 ** SQL statement pSelect is as generated by the sessionSelectRow() function.
 ** This function binds the primary key values from the change that changeset
 ** iterator pIter points to to the SELECT and attempts to seek to the table
-** entry. If a row is found, the SELECT statement left pointing at the row 
+** entry. If a row is found, the SELECT statement left pointing at the row
 ** and SQLITE_ROW is returned. Otherwise, if no row is found and no error
 ** has occured, the statement is reset and SQLITE_OK is returned. If an
 ** error occurs, the statement is reset and an SQLite error code is returned.
 **
-** If this function returns SQLITE_ROW, the caller must eventually reset() 
+** If this function returns SQLITE_ROW, the caller must eventually reset()
 ** statement pSelect. If any other value is returned, the statement does
 ** not require a reset().
 **
 ** If the iterator currently points to an INSERT record, bind values from the
 ** new.* record to the SELECT statement. Or, if it points to a DELETE or
-** UPDATE, bind values from the old.* record. 
+** UPDATE, bind values from the old.* record.
 */
 static int sessionSeekToRow(
   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
@@ -195390,7 +207148,7 @@ static int sessionSeekToRow(
   const char *zDummy;             /* Unused */
 
   sqlite3changeset_op(pIter, &zDummy, &nCol, &op, 0);
-  rc = sessionBindRow(pIter, 
+  rc = sessionBindRow(pIter,
       op==SQLITE_INSERT ? sqlite3changeset_new : sqlite3changeset_old,
       nCol, abPK, pSelect
   );
@@ -195404,10 +207162,10 @@ static int sessionSeekToRow(
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is called from within sqlite3changset_apply_v2() when
+** This function is called from within sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() when
 ** a conflict is encountered and resolved using conflict resolution
 ** mode eType (either SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT or SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE)..
-** It adds a conflict resolution record to the buffer in 
+** It adds a conflict resolution record to the buffer in
 ** SessionApplyCtx.rebase, which will eventually be returned to the caller
 ** of apply_v2() as the "rebase" buffer.
 **
@@ -195419,35 +207177,36 @@ static int sessionRebaseAdd(
   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter   /* Iterator pointing at current change */
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int i;
-  int eOp = pIter->op;
-  if( p->bRebaseStarted==0 ){
-    /* Append a table-header to the rebase buffer */
-    const char *zTab = pIter->zTab;
-    sessionAppendByte(&p->rebase, 'T', &rc);
-    sessionAppendVarint(&p->rebase, p->nCol, &rc);
-    sessionAppendBlob(&p->rebase, p->abPK, p->nCol, &rc);
-    sessionAppendBlob(&p->rebase, (u8*)zTab, (int)strlen(zTab)+1, &rc);
-    p->bRebaseStarted = 1;
-  }
-
-  assert( eType==SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE||eType==SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT );
-  assert( eOp==SQLITE_DELETE || eOp==SQLITE_INSERT || eOp==SQLITE_UPDATE );
-
-  sessionAppendByte(&p->rebase, 
-      (eOp==SQLITE_DELETE ? SQLITE_DELETE : SQLITE_INSERT), &rc
-  );
-  sessionAppendByte(&p->rebase, (eType==SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE), &rc);
-  for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++){
-    sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
-    if( eOp==SQLITE_DELETE || (eOp==SQLITE_UPDATE && p->abPK[i]) ){
-      sqlite3changeset_old(pIter, i, &pVal);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3changeset_new(pIter, i, &pVal);
+  if( p->bRebase ){
+    int i;
+    int eOp = pIter->op;
+    if( p->bRebaseStarted==0 ){
+      /* Append a table-header to the rebase buffer */
+      const char *zTab = pIter->zTab;
+      sessionAppendByte(&p->rebase, 'T', &rc);
+      sessionAppendVarint(&p->rebase, p->nCol, &rc);
+      sessionAppendBlob(&p->rebase, p->abPK, p->nCol, &rc);
+      sessionAppendBlob(&p->rebase, (u8*)zTab, (int)strlen(zTab)+1, &rc);
+      p->bRebaseStarted = 1;
     }
-    sessionAppendValue(&p->rebase, pVal, &rc);
-  }
 
+    assert( eType==SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE||eType==SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT );
+    assert( eOp==SQLITE_DELETE || eOp==SQLITE_INSERT || eOp==SQLITE_UPDATE );
+
+    sessionAppendByte(&p->rebase,
+        (eOp==SQLITE_DELETE ? SQLITE_DELETE : SQLITE_INSERT), &rc
+        );
+    sessionAppendByte(&p->rebase, (eType==SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE), &rc);
+    for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++){
+      sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
+      if( eOp==SQLITE_DELETE || (eOp==SQLITE_UPDATE && p->abPK[i]) ){
+        sqlite3changeset_old(pIter, i, &pVal);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3changeset_new(pIter, i, &pVal);
+      }
+      sessionAppendValue(&p->rebase, pVal, &rc);
+    }
+  }
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -195482,7 +207241,7 @@ static int sessionRebaseAdd(
 ** is set to non-zero before returning SQLITE_OK.
 **
 ** If the conflict handler returns SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT, SQLITE_ABORT is
-** returned. Or, if the conflict handler returns an invalid value, 
+** returned. Or, if the conflict handler returns an invalid value,
 ** SQLITE_MISUSE. If the conflict handler returns SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT,
 ** this function returns SQLITE_OK.
 */
@@ -195572,16 +207331,16 @@ static int sessionConflictHandler(
 ** to true before returning. In this case the caller will invoke this function
 ** again, this time with pbRetry set to NULL.
 **
-** If argument pbReplace is NULL and a CHANGESET_CONFLICT conflict is 
+** If argument pbReplace is NULL and a CHANGESET_CONFLICT conflict is
 ** encountered invoke the conflict handler with CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT instead.
 ** Or, if pbReplace is not NULL, invoke it with CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If such
 ** an invocation returns SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE, set *pbReplace to true
 ** before retrying. In this case the caller attempts to remove the conflicting
-** row before invoking this function again, this time with pbReplace set 
+** row before invoking this function again, this time with pbReplace set
 ** to NULL.
 **
 ** If any conflict handler returns SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT, this function
-** returns SQLITE_ABORT. Otherwise, if no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is 
+** returns SQLITE_ABORT. Otherwise, if no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is
 ** returned.
 */
 static int sessionApplyOneOp(
@@ -195681,7 +207440,7 @@ static int sessionApplyOneOp(
     assert( op==SQLITE_INSERT );
     if( p->bStat1 ){
       /* Check if there is a conflicting row. For sqlite_stat1, this needs
-      ** to be done using a SELECT, as there is no PRIMARY KEY in the 
+      ** to be done using a SELECT, as there is no PRIMARY KEY in the
       ** database schema to throw an exception if a duplicate is inserted.  */
       rc = sessionSeekToRow(p->db, pIter, p->abPK, p->pSelect);
       if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
@@ -195714,7 +207473,7 @@ static int sessionApplyOneOp(
 ** the conflict handler callback.
 **
 ** The difference between this function and sessionApplyOne() is that this
-** function handles the case where the conflict-handler is invoked and 
+** function handles the case where the conflict-handler is invoked and
 ** returns SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE - indicating that the change should be
 ** retried in some manner.
 */
@@ -195734,7 +207493,7 @@ static int sessionApplyOneWithRetry(
     /* If the bRetry flag is set, the change has not been applied due to an
     ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA problem (i.e. this is an UPDATE or DELETE and
     ** a row with the correct PK is present in the db, but one or more other
-    ** fields do not contain the expected values) and the conflict handler 
+    ** fields do not contain the expected values) and the conflict handler
     ** returned SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE. In this case retry the operation,
     ** but pass NULL as the final argument so that sessionApplyOneOp() ignores
     ** the SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA problem.  */
@@ -195752,7 +207511,7 @@ static int sessionApplyOneWithRetry(
       assert( pIter->op==SQLITE_INSERT );
       rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "SAVEPOINT replace_op", 0, 0, 0);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = sessionBindRow(pIter, 
+        rc = sessionBindRow(pIter,
             sqlite3changeset_new, pApply->nCol, pApply->abPK, pApply->pDelete);
         sqlite3_bind_int(pApply->pDelete, pApply->nCol+1, 1);
       }
@@ -195776,7 +207535,7 @@ static int sessionApplyOneWithRetry(
 ** Retry the changes accumulated in the pApply->constraints buffer.
 */
 static int sessionRetryConstraints(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
+  sqlite3 *db,
   int bPatchset,
   const char *zTab,
   SessionApplyCtx *pApply,
@@ -195790,9 +207549,11 @@ static int sessionRetryConstraints(
     SessionBuffer cons = pApply->constraints;
     memset(&pApply->constraints, 0, sizeof(SessionBuffer));
 
-    rc = sessionChangesetStart(&pIter2, 0, 0, cons.nBuf, cons.aBuf);
+    rc = sessionChangesetStart(
+        &pIter2, 0, 0, cons.nBuf, cons.aBuf, pApply->bInvertConstraints
+    );
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      int nByte = 2*pApply->nCol*sizeof(sqlite3_value*);
+      size_t nByte = 2*pApply->nCol*sizeof(sqlite3_value*);
       int rc2;
       pIter2->bPatchset = bPatchset;
       pIter2->zTab = (char*)zTab;
@@ -195824,7 +207585,7 @@ static int sessionRetryConstraints(
 
 /*
 ** Argument pIter is a changeset iterator that has been initialized, but
-** not yet passed to sqlite3changeset_next(). This function applies the 
+** not yet passed to sqlite3changeset_next(). This function applies the
 ** changeset to the main database attached to handle "db". The supplied
 ** conflict handler callback is invoked to resolve any conflicts encountered
 ** while applying the change.
@@ -195856,6 +207617,8 @@ static int sessionChangesetApply(
 
   pIter->in.bNoDiscard = 1;
   memset(&sApply, 0, sizeof(sApply));
+  sApply.bRebase = (ppRebase && pnRebase);
+  sApply.bInvertConstraints = !!(flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT);
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_db_mutex(db));
   if( (flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT)==0 ){
     rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "SAVEPOINT changeset_apply", 0, 0, 0);
@@ -195867,7 +207630,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetApply(
     int nCol;
     int op;
     const char *zNew;
-    
+
     sqlite3changeset_op(pIter, &zNew, &nCol, &op, 0);
 
     if( zTab==0 || sqlite3_strnicmp(zNew, zTab, nTab+1) ){
@@ -195880,7 +207643,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetApply(
 
       sqlite3_free((char*)sApply.azCol);  /* cast works around VC++ bug */
       sqlite3_finalize(sApply.pDelete);
-      sqlite3_finalize(sApply.pUpdate); 
+      sqlite3_finalize(sApply.pUpdate);
       sqlite3_finalize(sApply.pInsert);
       sqlite3_finalize(sApply.pSelect);
       sApply.db = db;
@@ -195896,7 +207659,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetApply(
       sApply.bRebaseStarted = 0;
       memset(&sApply.constraints, 0, sizeof(SessionBuffer));
 
-      /* If an xFilter() callback was specified, invoke it now. If the 
+      /* If an xFilter() callback was specified, invoke it now. If the
       ** xFilter callback returns zero, skip this table. If it returns
       ** non-zero, proceed. */
       schemaMismatch = (xFilter && (0==xFilter(pCtx, zNew)));
@@ -195920,18 +207683,18 @@ static int sessionChangesetApply(
         for(i=0; i<sApply.nCol; i++){
           if( sApply.abPK[i] ) nMinCol = i+1;
         }
-  
+
         if( sApply.nCol==0 ){
           schemaMismatch = 1;
-          sqlite3_log(SQLITE_SCHEMA, 
+          sqlite3_log(SQLITE_SCHEMA,
               "sqlite3changeset_apply(): no such table: %s", zTab
           );
         }
         else if( sApply.nCol<nCol ){
           schemaMismatch = 1;
-          sqlite3_log(SQLITE_SCHEMA, 
+          sqlite3_log(SQLITE_SCHEMA,
               "sqlite3changeset_apply(): table %s has %d columns, "
-              "expected %d or more", 
+              "expected %d or more",
               zTab, sApply.nCol, nCol
           );
         }
@@ -196006,7 +207769,8 @@ static int sessionChangesetApply(
     }
   }
 
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bPatchset==0 && ppRebase && pnRebase ){
+  assert( sApply.bRebase || sApply.rebase.nBuf==0 );
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bPatchset==0 && sApply.bRebase ){
     *ppRebase = (void*)sApply.rebase.aBuf;
     *pnRebase = sApply.rebase.nBuf;
     sApply.rebase.aBuf = 0;
@@ -196023,7 +207787,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetApply(
 }
 
 /*
-** Apply the changeset passed via pChangeset/nChangeset to the main 
+** Apply the changeset passed via pChangeset/nChangeset to the main
 ** database attached to handle "db".
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
@@ -196043,8 +207807,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
   void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase,
   int flags
 ){
-  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter;  /* Iterator to skip through changeset */  
-  int rc = sqlite3changeset_start(&pIter, nChangeset, pChangeset);
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter;  /* Iterator to skip through changeset */
+  int bInverse = !!(flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT);
+  int rc = sessionChangesetStart(&pIter, 0, 0, nChangeset, pChangeset,bInverse);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sessionChangesetApply(
         db, pIter, xFilter, xConflict, pCtx, ppRebase, pnRebase, flags
@@ -196100,8 +207865,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2_strm(
   void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase,
   int flags
 ){
-  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter;  /* Iterator to skip through changeset */  
-  int rc = sqlite3changeset_start_strm(&pIter, xInput, pIn);
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter;  /* Iterator to skip through changeset */
+  int bInverse = !!(flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT);
+  int rc = sessionChangesetStart(&pIter, xInput, pIn, 0, 0, bInverse);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sessionChangesetApply(
         db, pIter, xFilter, xConflict, pCtx, ppRebase, pnRebase, flags
@@ -196158,7 +207924,7 @@ static int sessionChangeMerge(
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
   if( !pExist ){
-    pNew = (SessionChange *)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(SessionChange) + nRec);
+    pNew = (SessionChange *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(SessionChange) + nRec);
     if( !pNew ){
       return SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }
@@ -196191,8 +207957,8 @@ static int sessionChangeMerge(
     if( pExist->op==SQLITE_DELETE && pExist->bIndirect ){
       *ppNew = pExist;
     }else{
-      int nByte = nRec + pExist->nRecord + sizeof(SessionChange);
-      pNew = (SessionChange*)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+      sqlite3_int64 nByte = nRec + pExist->nRecord + sizeof(SessionChange);
+      pNew = (SessionChange*)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
       if( pNew==0 ){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }else{
@@ -196228,7 +207994,7 @@ static int sessionChangeMerge(
   }else{
     int op1 = pExist->op;
 
-    /* 
+    /*
     **   op1=INSERT, op2=INSERT      ->      Unsupported. Discard op2.
     **   op1=INSERT, op2=UPDATE      ->      INSERT.
     **   op1=INSERT, op2=DELETE      ->      (none)
@@ -196240,7 +208006,7 @@ static int sessionChangeMerge(
     **   op1=DELETE, op2=INSERT      ->      UPDATE.
     **   op1=DELETE, op2=UPDATE      ->      Unsupported. Discard op2.
     **   op1=DELETE, op2=DELETE      ->      Unsupported. Discard op2.
-    */   
+    */
     if( (op1==SQLITE_INSERT && op2==SQLITE_INSERT)
      || (op1==SQLITE_UPDATE && op2==SQLITE_INSERT)
      || (op1==SQLITE_DELETE && op2==SQLITE_UPDATE)
@@ -196252,14 +208018,14 @@ static int sessionChangeMerge(
       assert( pNew==0 );
     }else{
       u8 *aExist = pExist->aRecord;
-      int nByte;
+      sqlite3_int64 nByte;
       u8 *aCsr;
 
       /* Allocate a new SessionChange object. Ensure that the aRecord[]
       ** buffer of the new object is large enough to hold any record that
       ** may be generated by combining the input records.  */
       nByte = sizeof(SessionChange) + pExist->nRecord + nRec;
-      pNew = (SessionChange *)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+      pNew = (SessionChange *)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
       if( !pNew ){
         sqlite3_free(pExist);
         return SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -196365,7 +208131,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetToHash(
       if( !pTab ){
         SessionTable **ppTab;
 
-        pTab = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(SessionTable) + nCol + nNew+1);
+        pTab = sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(SessionTable) + nCol + nNew+1);
         if( !pTab ){
           rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
           break;
@@ -196379,7 +208145,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetToHash(
 
         /* The new object must be linked on to the end of the list, not
         ** simply added to the start of it. This is to ensure that the
-        ** tables within the output of sqlite3changegroup_output() are in 
+        ** tables within the output of sqlite3changegroup_output() are in
         ** the right order.  */
         for(ppTab=&pGrp->pList; *ppTab; ppTab=&(*ppTab)->pNext);
         *ppTab = pTab;
@@ -196397,7 +208163,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetToHash(
         pTab, (pIter->bPatchset && op==SQLITE_DELETE), aRec, pTab->nChange
     );
 
-    /* Search for existing entry. If found, remove it from the hash table. 
+    /* Search for existing entry. If found, remove it from the hash table.
     ** Code below may link it back in.
     */
     for(pp=&pTab->apChange[iHash]; *pp; pp=&(*pp)->pNext){
@@ -196415,7 +208181,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetToHash(
       }
     }
 
-    rc = sessionChangeMerge(pTab, bRebase, 
+    rc = sessionChangeMerge(pTab, bRebase,
         pIter->bPatchset, pExist, op, bIndirect, aRec, nRec, &pChange
     );
     if( rc ) break;
@@ -196436,7 +208202,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetToHash(
 **
 ** If xOutput is not NULL, then the changeset/patchset is returned to the
 ** user via one or more calls to xOutput, as with the other streaming
-** interfaces. 
+** interfaces.
 **
 ** Or, if xOutput is NULL, then (*ppOut) is populated with a pointer to a
 ** buffer containing the output changeset before this function returns. In
@@ -196461,7 +208227,7 @@ static int sessionChangegroupOutput(
   assert( xOutput==0 || (ppOut==0 && pnOut==0) );
 
   /* Create the serialized output changeset based on the contents of the
-  ** hash tables attached to the SessionTable objects in list p->pList. 
+  ** hash tables attached to the SessionTable objects in list p->pList.
   */
   for(pTab=pGrp->pList; rc==SQLITE_OK && pTab; pTab=pTab->pNext){
     int i;
@@ -196474,13 +208240,12 @@ static int sessionChangegroupOutput(
         sessionAppendByte(&buf, p->op, &rc);
         sessionAppendByte(&buf, p->bIndirect, &rc);
         sessionAppendBlob(&buf, p->aRecord, p->nRecord, &rc);
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && xOutput && buf.nBuf>=sessions_strm_chunk_size ){
+          rc = xOutput(pOut, buf.aBuf, buf.nBuf);
+          buf.nBuf = 0;
+        }
       }
     }
-
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && xOutput && buf.nBuf>=SESSIONS_STRM_CHUNK_SIZE ){
-      rc = xOutput(pOut, buf.aBuf, buf.nBuf);
-      buf.nBuf = 0;
-    }
   }
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -196565,7 +208330,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_strm(
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output_strm(
   sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp,
-  int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData), 
+  int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
   void *pOut
 ){
   return sessionChangegroupOutput(pGrp, xOutput, pOut, 0, 0);
@@ -196581,7 +208346,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp){
   }
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Combine two changesets together.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat(
@@ -196648,7 +208413,7 @@ struct sqlite3_rebaser {
 
 /*
 ** Buffers a1 and a2 must both contain a sessions module record nCol
-** fields in size. This function appends an nCol sessions module 
+** fields in size. This function appends an nCol sessions module
 ** record to buffer pBuf that is a copy of a1, except that for
 ** each field that is undefined in a1[], swap in the field from a2[].
 */
@@ -196683,20 +208448,20 @@ static void sessionAppendRecordMerge(
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is called when rebasing a local UPDATE change against one 
+** This function is called when rebasing a local UPDATE change against one
 ** or more remote UPDATE changes. The aRec/nRec buffer contains the current
 ** old.* and new.* records for the change. The rebase buffer (a single
 ** record) is in aChange/nChange. The rebased change is appended to buffer
 ** pBuf.
 **
-** Rebasing the UPDATE involves: 
+** Rebasing the UPDATE involves:
 **
 **   * Removing any changes to fields for which the corresponding field
 **     in the rebase buffer is set to "replaced" (type 0xFF). If this
 **     means the UPDATE change updates no fields, nothing is appended
 **     to the output buffer.
 **
-**   * For each field modified by the local change for which the 
+**   * For each field modified by the local change for which the
 **     corresponding field in the rebase buffer is not "undefined" (0x00)
 **     or "replaced" (0xFF), the old.* value is replaced by the value
 **     in the rebase buffer.
@@ -196755,15 +208520,15 @@ static void sessionAppendPartialUpdate(
 }
 
 /*
-** pIter is configured to iterate through a changeset. This function rebases 
-** that changeset according to the current configuration of the rebaser 
+** pIter is configured to iterate through a changeset. This function rebases
+** that changeset according to the current configuration of the rebaser
 ** object passed as the first argument. If no error occurs and argument xOutput
 ** is not NULL, then the changeset is returned to the caller by invoking
 ** xOutput zero or more times and SQLITE_OK returned. Or, if xOutput is NULL,
 ** then (*ppOut) is set to point to a buffer containing the rebased changeset
 ** before this function returns. In this case (*pnOut) is set to the size of
 ** the buffer in bytes.  It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually
-** free the (*ppOut) buffer using sqlite3_free(). 
+** free the (*ppOut) buffer using sqlite3_free().
 **
 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. If ppOut and
 ** pnOut are not NULL, then the two output parameters are set to 0 before
@@ -196841,7 +208606,7 @@ static int sessionRebase(
               sessionAppendByte(&sOut, SQLITE_INSERT, &rc);
               sessionAppendByte(&sOut, pIter->bIndirect, &rc);
               sessionAppendRecordMerge(&sOut, pIter->nCol,
-                  pCsr, nRec-(pCsr-aRec), 
+                  pCsr, nRec-(pCsr-aRec),
                   pChange->aRecord, pChange->nRecord, &rc
               );
             }
@@ -196871,7 +208636,7 @@ static int sessionRebase(
       sessionAppendByte(&sOut, pIter->bIndirect, &rc);
       sessionAppendBlob(&sOut, aRec, nRec, &rc);
     }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && xOutput && sOut.nBuf>SESSIONS_STRM_CHUNK_SIZE ){
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && xOutput && sOut.nBuf>sessions_strm_chunk_size ){
       rc = xOutput(pOut, sOut.aBuf, sOut.nBuf);
       sOut.nBuf = 0;
     }
@@ -196898,7 +208663,7 @@ static int sessionRebase(
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Create a new rebaser object.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_create(sqlite3_rebaser **ppNew){
@@ -196915,11 +208680,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_create(sqlite3_rebaser **ppNew){
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Call this one or more times to configure a rebaser.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_configure(
-  sqlite3_rebaser *p, 
+  sqlite3_rebaser *p,
   int nRebase, const void *pRebase
 ){
   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter = 0;   /* Iterator opened on pData/nData */
@@ -196932,15 +208697,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_configure(
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
-** Rebase a changeset according to current rebaser configuration 
+/*
+** Rebase a changeset according to current rebaser configuration
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase(
   sqlite3_rebaser *p,
-  int nIn, const void *pIn, 
-  int *pnOut, void **ppOut 
+  int nIn, const void *pIn,
+  int *pnOut, void **ppOut
 ){
-  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter = 0;   /* Iterator to skip through input */  
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter = 0;   /* Iterator to skip through input */
   int rc = sqlite3changeset_start(&pIter, nIn, (void*)pIn);
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -196951,8 +208716,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase(
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
-** Rebase a changeset according to current rebaser configuration 
+/*
+** Rebase a changeset according to current rebaser configuration
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase_strm(
   sqlite3_rebaser *p,
@@ -196961,7 +208726,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase_strm(
   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
   void *pOut
 ){
-  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter = 0;   /* Iterator to skip through input */  
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter = 0;   /* Iterator to skip through input */
   int rc = sqlite3changeset_start_strm(&pIter, xInput, pIn);
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -196972,8 +208737,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase_strm(
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
-** Destroy a rebaser object 
+/*
+** Destroy a rebaser object
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p){
   if( p ){
@@ -196982,15 +208747,36 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p){
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** Global configuration
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_config(int op, void *pArg){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  switch( op ){
+    case SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_STRMSIZE: {
+      int *pInt = (int*)pArg;
+      if( *pInt>0 ){
+        sessions_strm_chunk_size = *pInt;
+      }
+      *pInt = sessions_strm_chunk_size;
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      rc = SQLITE_MISUSE;
+      break;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION && SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
 
 /************** End of sqlite3session.c **************************************/
 /************** Begin file fts5.c ********************************************/
 
 
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5) 
+#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5)
 
-#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) 
+#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
 # define NDEBUG 1
 #endif
 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
@@ -197009,7 +208795,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p){
 **
 ******************************************************************************
 **
-** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file, 
+** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file,
 ** FTS5 may be extended with:
 **
 **     * custom tokenizers, and
@@ -197054,19 +208840,19 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 ** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
 **
 ** xUserData(pFts):
-**   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was 
+**   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was
 **   registered with.
 **
 ** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
 **   to the total number of tokens in the FTS5 table. Or, if iCol is
 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, return
-**   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in 
+**   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in
 **   the FTS5 table.
 **
 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
-**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is 
+**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
 **   returned.
 **
 ** xColumnCount(pFts):
@@ -197080,7 +208866,7 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
-**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is 
+**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
 **   returned.
 **
 **   This function may be quite inefficient if used with an FTS5 table
@@ -197107,8 +208893,8 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
 **
 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
-**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created 
-**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option 
+**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
+**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always returns 0.
 **
 ** xInst:
@@ -197119,15 +208905,11 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 **   Usually, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
 **   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
-**   first token of the phrase. The exception is if the table was created
-**   with the offsets=0 option specified. In this case *piOff is always
-**   set to -1.
-**
-**   Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) 
-**   if an error occurs.
+**   first token of the phrase. Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error
+**   code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
 **
 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
-**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. 
+**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
 **
 ** xRowid:
 **   Returns the rowid of the current row.
@@ -197143,11 +208925,11 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 **   with $p set to a phrase equivalent to the phrase iPhrase of the
 **   current query is executed. Any column filter that applies to
-**   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each 
-**   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument 
-**   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback 
+**   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each
+**   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument
+**   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback
 **   function may be used to access the properties of each matched row.
-**   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as 
+**   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as
 **   the third argument to pUserData.
 **
 **   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
@@ -197162,14 +208944,14 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 ** xSetAuxdata(pFts5, pAux, xDelete)
 **
-**   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension functions 
+**   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension function's
 **   "auxiliary data". The pointer may then be retrieved by the current or any
 **   future invocation of the same fts5 extension function made as part of
-**   of the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
+**   the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
 **
 **   Each extension function is allocated a single auxiliary data slot for
-**   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked 
-**   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a 
+**   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked
+**   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a
 **   single auxiliary data context.
 **
 **   If there is already an auxiliary data pointer when this function is
@@ -197180,7 +208962,7 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   The xDelete callback, if one is specified, is also invoked on the
 **   auxiliary data pointer after the FTS5 query has finished.
 **
-**   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function, an
+**   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function,
 **   the auxiliary data is set to NULL and an error code returned. If the
 **   xDelete parameter was not NULL, it is invoked on the auxiliary data
 **   pointer before returning.
@@ -197188,7 +208970,7 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 ** xGetAuxdata(pFts5, bClear)
 **
-**   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension 
+**   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension
 **   function. See the xSetAuxdata() method for details.
 **
 **   If the bClear argument is non-zero, then the auxiliary data is cleared
@@ -197208,7 +208990,7 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   method, to iterate through all instances of a single query phrase within
 **   the current row. This is the same information as is accessible via the
 **   xInstCount/xInst APIs. While the xInstCount/xInst APIs are more convenient
-**   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate 
+**   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate
 **   through instances of phrase iPhrase, use the following code:
 **
 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
@@ -197226,8 +209008,8 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() and xPhraseNextColumn() as illustrated below).
 **
 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
-**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created 
-**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option 
+**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
+**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always iterates
 **   through an empty set (all calls to xPhraseFirst() set iCol to -1).
 **
@@ -197251,16 +209033,16 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **       }
 **
 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
-**   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either 
-**   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table), 
-**   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to 
+**   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either
+**   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table),
+**   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to
 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() set iCol to -1).
 **
 **   The information accessed using this API and its companion
 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() may also be obtained using xPhraseFirst/xPhraseNext
 **   (or xInst/xInstCount). The chief advantage of this API is that it is
 **   significantly more efficient than those alternatives when used with
-**   "detail=column" tables.  
+**   "detail=column" tables.
 **
 ** xPhraseNextColumn()
 **   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
@@ -197274,7 +209056,7 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
   int (*xRowCount)(Fts5Context*, sqlite3_int64 *pnRow);
   int (*xColumnTotalSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, sqlite3_int64 *pnToken);
 
-  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*, 
+  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*,
     const char *pText, int nText, /* Text to tokenize */
     void *pCtx,                   /* Context passed to xToken() */
     int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
@@ -197303,15 +209085,15 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
   void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
 };
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
 *************************************************************************/
 
 /*************************************************************************
 ** CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
 **
-** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer 
-** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the 
+** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer
+** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the
 ** following structure. All structure methods must be defined, setting
 ** any member of the fts5_tokenizer struct to NULL leads to undefined
 ** behaviour. The structure methods are expected to function as follows:
@@ -197322,16 +209104,16 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **
 **   The first argument passed to this function is a copy of the (void*)
 **   pointer provided by the application when the fts5_tokenizer object
-**   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()). 
+**   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()).
 **   The second and third arguments are an array of nul-terminated strings
 **   containing the tokenizer arguments, if any, specified following the
 **   tokenizer name as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement used
 **   to create the FTS5 table.
 **
-**   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut) 
+**   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut)
 **   should be set to point to the new tokenizer handle and SQLITE_OK
 **   returned. If an error occurs, some value other than SQLITE_OK should
-**   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut 
+**   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut
 **   is undefined.
 **
 ** xDelete:
@@ -197340,7 +209122,7 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **   be invoked exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().
 **
 ** xTokenize:
-**   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated 
+**   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated
 **   by argument pText. pText may or may not be nul-terminated. The first
 **   argument passed to this function is a pointer to an Fts5Tokenizer object
 **   returned by an earlier call to xCreate().
@@ -197354,8 +209136,8 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **            determine the set of tokens to add to (or delete from) the
 **            FTS index.
 **
-**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed 
-**            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize 
+**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed
+**            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize
 **            a bareword or quoted string specified as part of the query.
 **
 **       <li> <b>(FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY | FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX)</b> - Same as
@@ -197363,10 +209145,10 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **            followed by a "*" character, indicating that the last token
 **            returned by the tokenizer will be treated as a token prefix.
 **
-**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to 
+**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to
 **            satisfy an fts5_api.xTokenize() request made by an auxiliary
 **            function. Or an fts5_api.xColumnSize() request made by the same
-**            on a columnsize=0 database.  
+**            on a columnsize=0 database.
 **   </ul>
 **
 **   For each token in the input string, the supplied callback xToken() must
@@ -197378,10 +209160,10 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **   which the token is derived within the input.
 **
 **   The second argument passed to the xToken() callback ("tflags") should
-**   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports 
+**   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports
 **   synonyms. In this case see the discussion below for details.
 **
-**   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the 
+**   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the
 **   order that they occur within the input text.
 **
 **   If an xToken() callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, then
@@ -197395,7 +209177,7 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 ** SYNONYM SUPPORT
 **
 **   Custom tokenizers may also support synonyms. Consider a case in which a
-**   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the 
+**   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the
 **   built-in tokenizers, the FTS5 query 'first + place' will match instances
 **   of "first place" within the document set, but not alternative forms
 **   such as "1st place". In some applications, it would be better to match
@@ -197404,8 +209186,8 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **
 **   There are several ways to approach this in FTS5:
 **
-**   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, the 
-**            In the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
+**   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, using
+**            the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
 **            same token for inputs "first" and "1st". Say that token is in
 **            fact "first", so that when the user inserts the document "I won
 **            1st place" entries are added to the index for tokens "i", "won",
@@ -197413,36 +209195,36 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **            the tokenizer substitutes "first" for "1st" and the query works
 **            as expected.
 **
-**       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
-**            In this case, when tokenizing query text, the tokenizer may 
-**            provide multiple synonyms for a single term within the document.
-**            FTS5 then queries the index for each synonym individually. For
-**            example, faced with the query:
+**       <li> By querying the index for all synonyms of each query term
+**            separately. In this case, when tokenizing query text, the
+**            tokenizer may provide multiple synonyms for a single term
+**            within the document. FTS5 then queries the index for each
+**            synonym individually. For example, faced with the query:
 **
 **   <codeblock>
 **     ... MATCH 'first place'</codeblock>
 **
 **            the tokenizer offers both "1st" and "first" as synonyms for the
-**            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query 
+**            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query
 **            similar to:
 **
 **   <codeblock>
 **     ... MATCH '(first OR 1st) place'</codeblock>
 **
 **            except that, for the purposes of auxiliary functions, the query
-**            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)" 
+**            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)"
 **            being treated as a single phrase.
 **
 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
 **            Using this method, when tokenizing document text, the tokenizer
-**            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a 
+**            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a
 **            document such as "I won first place" is tokenized, entries are
 **            added to the FTS index for "i", "won", "first", "1st" and
 **            "place".
 **
 **            This way, even if the tokenizer does not provide synonyms
-**            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do would be
-**            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for 
+**            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do so would be
+**            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for
 **            'first + place' or '1st + place', as there are entries in the
 **            FTS index corresponding to both forms of the first token.
 **   </ol>
@@ -197463,11 +209245,11 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **
 **   It is an error to specify the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED flag the first time
 **   xToken() is called. Multiple synonyms may be specified for a single token
-**   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence. 
+**   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence.
 **   There is no limit to the number of synonyms that may be provided for a
 **   single token.
 **
-**   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add 
+**   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add
 **   extra data to the FTS index or require FTS5 to query for multiple terms,
 **   so it is efficient in terms of disk space and query speed. However, it
 **   does not support prefix queries very well. If, as suggested above, the
@@ -197479,18 +209261,18 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **   will not match documents that contain the token "1st" (as the tokenizer
 **   will probably not map "1s" to any prefix of "first").
 **
-**   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case, 
+**   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case,
 **   because the index contains entries for both "first" and "1st", prefix
 **   queries such as 'fi*' or '1s*' will match correctly. However, because
 **   extra entries are added to the FTS index, this method uses more space
 **   within the database.
 **
 **   Method (2) offers a midpoint between (1) and (3). Using this method,
-**   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal 
+**   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal
 **   token "1st", but not "first" (assuming the tokenizer is not able to
 **   provide synonyms for prefixes). However, a non-prefix query like '1st'
 **   will match against "1st" and "first". This method does not require
-**   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index. 
+**   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index.
 **   On the other hand, it may require more CPU cycles to run MATCH queries,
 **   as separate queries of the FTS index are required for each synonym.
 **
@@ -197504,10 +209286,10 @@ typedef struct fts5_tokenizer fts5_tokenizer;
 struct fts5_tokenizer {
   int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
   void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
-  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*, 
+  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*,
       void *pCtx,
       int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
-      const char *pText, int nText, 
+      const char *pText, int nText,
       int (*xToken)(
         void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
         int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
@@ -197628,7 +209410,7 @@ typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64;
 
 #endif
 
-/* Truncate very long tokens to this many bytes. Hard limit is 
+/* Truncate very long tokens to this many bytes. Hard limit is
 ** (65536-1-1-4-9)==65521 bytes. The limiting factor is the 16-bit offset
 ** field that occurs at the start of each leaf page (see fts5_index.c). */
 #define FTS5_MAX_TOKEN_SIZE 32768
@@ -197640,6 +209422,11 @@ typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64;
 */
 #define FTS5_MAX_PREFIX_INDEXES 31
 
+/*
+** Maximum segments permitted in a single index
+*/
+#define FTS5_MAX_SEGMENT 2000
+
 #define FTS5_DEFAULT_NEARDIST 10
 #define FTS5_DEFAULT_RANK     "bm25"
 
@@ -197656,7 +209443,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5Corrupt(void);
 
 /*
 ** The assert_nc() macro is similar to the assert() macro, except that it
-** is used for assert() conditions that are true only if it can be 
+** is used for assert() conditions that are true only if it can be
 ** guranteed that the database is not corrupt.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
@@ -197666,6 +209453,12 @@ SQLITE_API extern int sqlite3_fts5_may_be_corrupt;
 # define assert_nc(x) assert(x)
 #endif
 
+/*
+** A version of memcmp() that does not cause asan errors if one of the pointer
+** parameters is NULL and the number of bytes to compare is zero.
+*/
+#define fts5Memcmp(s1, s2, n) ((n)==0 ? 0 : memcmp((s1), (s2), (n)))
+
 /* Mark a function parameter as unused, to suppress nuisance compiler
 ** warnings. */
 #ifndef UNUSED_PARAM
@@ -197679,7 +209472,7 @@ SQLITE_API extern int sqlite3_fts5_may_be_corrupt;
 typedef struct Fts5Global Fts5Global;
 typedef struct Fts5Colset Fts5Colset;
 
-/* If a NEAR() clump or phrase may only match a specific set of columns, 
+/* If a NEAR() clump or phrase may only match a specific set of columns,
 ** then an object of the following type is used to record the set of columns.
 ** Each entry in the aiCol[] array is a column that may be matched.
 **
@@ -197707,20 +209500,20 @@ typedef struct Fts5Config Fts5Config;
 **
 ** nAutomerge:
 **   The minimum number of segments that an auto-merge operation should
-**   attempt to merge together. A value of 1 sets the object to use the 
+**   attempt to merge together. A value of 1 sets the object to use the
 **   compile time default. Zero disables auto-merge altogether.
 **
 ** zContent:
 **
 ** zContentRowid:
-**   The value of the content_rowid= option, if one was specified. Or 
+**   The value of the content_rowid= option, if one was specified. Or
 **   the string "rowid" otherwise. This text is not quoted - if it is
 **   used as part of an SQL statement it needs to be quoted appropriately.
 **
 ** zContentExprlist:
 **
 ** pzErrmsg:
-**   This exists in order to allow the fts5_index.c module to return a 
+**   This exists in order to allow the fts5_index.c module to return a
 **   decent error message if it encounters a file-format version it does
 **   not understand.
 **
@@ -197744,13 +209537,15 @@ struct Fts5Config {
   int nPrefix;                    /* Number of prefix indexes */
   int *aPrefix;                   /* Sizes in bytes of nPrefix prefix indexes */
   int eContent;                   /* An FTS5_CONTENT value */
-  char *zContent;                 /* content table */ 
-  char *zContentRowid;            /* "content_rowid=" option value */ 
+  char *zContent;                 /* content table */
+  char *zContentRowid;            /* "content_rowid=" option value */
   int bColumnsize;                /* "columnsize=" option value (dflt==1) */
   int eDetail;                    /* FTS5_DETAIL_XXX value */
   char *zContentExprlist;
   Fts5Tokenizer *pTok;
   fts5_tokenizer *pTokApi;
+  int bLock;                      /* True when table is preparing statement */
+  int ePattern;                   /* FTS_PATTERN_XXX constant */
 
   /* Values loaded from the %_config table */
   int iCookie;                    /* Incremented when %_config is modified */
@@ -197771,17 +209566,19 @@ struct Fts5Config {
 };
 
 /* Current expected value of %_config table 'version' field */
-#define FTS5_CURRENT_VERSION 4
+#define FTS5_CURRENT_VERSION  4
 
 #define FTS5_CONTENT_NORMAL   0
 #define FTS5_CONTENT_NONE     1
 #define FTS5_CONTENT_EXTERNAL 2
 
-#define FTS5_DETAIL_FULL    0
-#define FTS5_DETAIL_NONE    1
-#define FTS5_DETAIL_COLUMNS 2
-
+#define FTS5_DETAIL_FULL      0
+#define FTS5_DETAIL_NONE      1
+#define FTS5_DETAIL_COLUMNS   2
 
+#define FTS5_PATTERN_NONE     0
+#define FTS5_PATTERN_LIKE     65  /* matches SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE */
+#define FTS5_PATTERN_GLOB     66  /* matches SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB */
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5ConfigParse(
     Fts5Global*, sqlite3*, int, const char **, Fts5Config**, char**
@@ -197853,7 +209650,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5Put32(u8*, int);
 static int sqlite3Fts5Get32(const u8*);
 
 #define FTS5_POS2COLUMN(iPos) (int)(iPos >> 32)
-#define FTS5_POS2OFFSET(iPos) (int)(iPos & 0xFFFFFFFF)
+#define FTS5_POS2OFFSET(iPos) (int)(iPos & 0x7FFFFFFF)
 
 typedef struct Fts5PoslistReader Fts5PoslistReader;
 struct Fts5PoslistReader {
@@ -197888,7 +209685,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(
 );
 
 /* Malloc utility */
-static void *sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(int *pRc, int nByte);
+static void *sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(int *pRc, sqlite3_int64 nByte);
 static char *sqlite3Fts5Strndup(int *pRc, const char *pIn, int nIn);
 
 /* Character set tests (like isspace(), isalpha() etc.) */
@@ -197946,27 +209743,27 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexClose(Fts5Index *p);
 ** Return a simple checksum value based on the arguments.
 */
 static u64 sqlite3Fts5IndexEntryCksum(
-  i64 iRowid, 
-  int iCol, 
-  int iPos, 
+  i64 iRowid,
+  int iCol,
+  int iPos,
   int iIdx,
   const char *pTerm,
   int nTerm
 );
 
 /*
-** Argument p points to a buffer containing utf-8 text that is n bytes in 
+** Argument p points to a buffer containing utf-8 text that is n bytes in
 ** size. Return the number of bytes in the nChar character prefix of the
 ** buffer, or 0 if there are less than nChar characters in total.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5IndexCharlenToBytelen(
-  const char *p, 
-  int nByte, 
+  const char *p,
+  int nByte,
   int nChar
 );
 
 /*
-** Open a new iterator to iterate though all rowids that match the 
+** Open a new iterator to iterate though all rowids that match the
 ** specified token or token prefix.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(
@@ -197989,6 +209786,11 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IterNextFrom(Fts5IndexIter*, i64 iMatch);
 */
 static void sqlite3Fts5IterClose(Fts5IndexIter*);
 
+/*
+** Close the reader blob handle, if it is open.
+*/
+static void sqlite3Fts5IndexCloseReader(Fts5Index*);
+
 /*
 ** This interface is used by the fts5vocab module.
 */
@@ -197997,7 +209799,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IterNextScan(Fts5IndexIter*);
 
 
 /*
-** Insert or remove data to or from the index. Each time a document is 
+** Insert or remove data to or from the index. Each time a document is
 ** added to or removed from the index, this function is called one or more
 ** times.
 **
@@ -198032,7 +209834,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexSync(Fts5Index *p);
 /*
 ** Discard any data stored in the in-memory hash tables. Do not write it
 ** to the database. Additionally, assume that the contents of the %_data
-** table may have changed on disk. So any in-memory caches of %_data 
+** table may have changed on disk. So any in-memory caches of %_data
 ** records must be invalidated.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5IndexRollback(Fts5Index *p);
@@ -198046,18 +209848,18 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexSetAverages(Fts5Index *p, const u8*, int);
 /*
 ** Functions called by the storage module as part of integrity-check.
 */
-static int sqlite3Fts5IndexIntegrityCheck(Fts5Index*, u64 cksum);
+static int sqlite3Fts5IndexIntegrityCheck(Fts5Index*, u64 cksum, int bUseCksum);
 
-/* 
-** Called during virtual module initialization to register UDF 
-** fts5_decode() with SQLite 
+/*
+** Called during virtual module initialization to register UDF
+** fts5_decode() with SQLite
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5IndexInit(sqlite3*);
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5IndexSetCookie(Fts5Index*, int);
 
 /*
-** Return the total number of entries read from the %_data table by 
+** Return the total number of entries read from the %_data table by
 ** this connection since it was created.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5IndexReads(Fts5Index *p);
@@ -198074,7 +209876,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexLoadConfig(Fts5Index *p);
 **************************************************************************/
 
 /**************************************************************************
-** Interface to code in fts5_varint.c. 
+** Interface to code in fts5_varint.c.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5GetVarint32(const unsigned char *p, u32 *v);
 static int sqlite3Fts5GetVarintLen(u32 iVal);
@@ -198099,26 +209901,37 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5PutVarint(unsigned char *p, u64 v);
 
 
 /**************************************************************************
-** Interface to code in fts5.c. 
+** Interface to code in fts5_main.c.
+*/
+
+/*
+** Virtual-table object.
 */
+typedef struct Fts5Table Fts5Table;
+struct Fts5Table {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;              /* Base class used by SQLite core */
+  Fts5Config *pConfig;            /* Virtual table configuration */
+  Fts5Index *pIndex;              /* Full-text index */
+};
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5GetTokenizer(
-  Fts5Global*, 
+  Fts5Global*,
   const char **azArg,
   int nArg,
-  Fts5Tokenizer**,
-  fts5_tokenizer**,
+  Fts5Config*,
   char **pzErr
 );
 
-static Fts5Index *sqlite3Fts5IndexFromCsrid(Fts5Global*, i64, Fts5Config **);
+static Fts5Table *sqlite3Fts5TableFromCsrid(Fts5Global*, i64);
+
+static int sqlite3Fts5FlushToDisk(Fts5Table*);
 
 /*
 ** End of interface to code in fts5.c.
 **************************************************************************/
 
 /**************************************************************************
-** Interface to code in fts5_hash.c. 
+** Interface to code in fts5_hash.c.
 */
 typedef struct Fts5Hash Fts5Hash;
 
@@ -198144,8 +209957,9 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5HashClear(Fts5Hash*);
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5HashQuery(
   Fts5Hash*,                      /* Hash table to query */
+  int nPre,
   const char *pTerm, int nTerm,   /* Query term */
-  const u8 **ppDoclist,           /* OUT: Pointer to doclist for pTerm */
+  void **ppObj,                   /* OUT: Pointer to doclist for pTerm */
   int *pnDoclist                  /* OUT: Size of doclist in bytes */
 );
 
@@ -198167,7 +209981,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(Fts5Hash *,
 **************************************************************************/
 
 /**************************************************************************
-** Interface to code in fts5_storage.c. fts5_storage.c contains contains 
+** Interface to code in fts5_storage.c. fts5_storage.c contains contains
 ** code to access the data stored in the %_content and %_docsize tables.
 */
 
@@ -198188,7 +210002,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageDelete(Fts5Storage *p, i64, sqlite3_value**);
 static int sqlite3Fts5StorageContentInsert(Fts5Storage *p, sqlite3_value**, i64*);
 static int sqlite3Fts5StorageIndexInsert(Fts5Storage *p, sqlite3_value**, i64);
 
-static int sqlite3Fts5StorageIntegrity(Fts5Storage *p);
+static int sqlite3Fts5StorageIntegrity(Fts5Storage *p, int iArg);
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5StorageStmt(Fts5Storage *p, int eStmt, sqlite3_stmt**, char**);
 static void sqlite3Fts5StorageStmtRelease(Fts5Storage *p, int eStmt, sqlite3_stmt*);
@@ -198216,7 +210030,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageReset(Fts5Storage *p);
 
 
 /**************************************************************************
-** Interface to code in fts5_expr.c. 
+** Interface to code in fts5_expr.c.
 */
 typedef struct Fts5Expr Fts5Expr;
 typedef struct Fts5ExprNode Fts5ExprNode;
@@ -198232,12 +210046,20 @@ struct Fts5Token {
 
 /* Parse a MATCH expression. */
 static int sqlite3Fts5ExprNew(
-  Fts5Config *pConfig, 
+  Fts5Config *pConfig,
+  int bPhraseToAnd,
   int iCol,                       /* Column on LHS of MATCH operator */
   const char *zExpr,
-  Fts5Expr **ppNew, 
+  Fts5Expr **ppNew,
   char **pzErr
 );
+static int sqlite3Fts5ExprPattern(
+  Fts5Config *pConfig,
+  int bGlob,
+  int iCol,
+  const char *zText,
+  Fts5Expr **pp
+);
 
 /*
 ** for(rc = sqlite3Fts5ExprFirst(pExpr, pIdx, bDesc);
@@ -198254,6 +210076,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprEof(Fts5Expr*);
 static i64 sqlite3Fts5ExprRowid(Fts5Expr*);
 
 static void sqlite3Fts5ExprFree(Fts5Expr*);
+static int sqlite3Fts5ExprAnd(Fts5Expr **pp1, Fts5Expr *p2);
 
 /* Called during startup to register a UDF with SQLite */
 static int sqlite3Fts5ExprInit(Fts5Global*, sqlite3*);
@@ -198295,8 +210118,8 @@ static Fts5ExprNode *sqlite3Fts5ParseImplicitAnd(
 );
 
 static Fts5ExprPhrase *sqlite3Fts5ParseTerm(
-  Fts5Parse *pParse, 
-  Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase, 
+  Fts5Parse *pParse,
+  Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase,
   Fts5Token *pToken,
   int bPrefix
 );
@@ -198304,14 +210127,14 @@ static Fts5ExprPhrase *sqlite3Fts5ParseTerm(
 static void sqlite3Fts5ParseSetCaret(Fts5ExprPhrase*);
 
 static Fts5ExprNearset *sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(
-  Fts5Parse*, 
+  Fts5Parse*,
   Fts5ExprNearset*,
-  Fts5ExprPhrase* 
+  Fts5ExprPhrase*
 );
 
 static Fts5Colset *sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(
-  Fts5Parse*, 
-  Fts5Colset*, 
+  Fts5Parse*,
+  Fts5Colset*,
   Fts5Token *
 );
 
@@ -198332,7 +210155,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5ParseNear(Fts5Parse *pParse, Fts5Token*);
 
 
 /**************************************************************************
-** Interface to code in fts5_aux.c. 
+** Interface to code in fts5_aux.c.
 */
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5AuxInit(fts5_api*);
@@ -198341,16 +210164,20 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5AuxInit(fts5_api*);
 **************************************************************************/
 
 /**************************************************************************
-** Interface to code in fts5_tokenizer.c. 
+** Interface to code in fts5_tokenizer.c.
 */
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5TokenizerInit(fts5_api*);
+static int sqlite3Fts5TokenizerPattern(
+    int (*xCreate)(void*, const char**, int, Fts5Tokenizer**),
+    Fts5Tokenizer *pTok
+);
 /*
 ** End of interface to code in fts5_tokenizer.c.
 **************************************************************************/
 
 /**************************************************************************
-** Interface to code in fts5_vocab.c. 
+** Interface to code in fts5_vocab.c.
 */
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5VocabInit(Fts5Global*, sqlite3*);
@@ -198361,13 +210188,13 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5VocabInit(Fts5Global*, sqlite3*);
 
 
 /**************************************************************************
-** Interface to automatically generated code in fts5_unicode2.c. 
+** Interface to automatically generated code in fts5_unicode2.c.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeIsdiacritic(int c);
 static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(int c, int bRemoveDiacritic);
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCatParse(const char*, u8*);
-static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCategory(int iCode);
+static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCategory(u32 iCode);
 static void sqlite3Fts5UnicodeAscii(u8*, u8*);
 /*
 ** End of interface to code in fts5_unicode2.c.
@@ -198391,6 +210218,8 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5UnicodeAscii(u8*, u8*);
 #define FTS5_PLUS                            14
 #define FTS5_STAR                            15
 
+/* This file is automatically generated by Lemon from input grammar
+** source file "fts5parse.y". */
 /*
 ** 2000-05-29
 **
@@ -198415,7 +210244,6 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5UnicodeAscii(u8*, u8*);
 ** The following is the concatenation of all %include directives from the
 ** input grammar file:
 */
-/* #include <stdio.h> */
 /************ Begin %include sections from the grammar ************************/
 
 /* #include "fts5Int.h" */
@@ -198445,11 +210273,26 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5UnicodeAscii(u8*, u8*);
 #define fts5YYMALLOCARGTYPE  u64
 
 /**************** End of %include directives **********************************/
-/* These constants specify the various numeric values for terminal symbols
-** in a format understandable to "makeheaders".  This section is blank unless
-** "lemon" is run with the "-m" command-line option.
-***************** Begin makeheaders token definitions *************************/
-/**************** End makeheaders token definitions ***************************/
+/* These constants specify the various numeric values for terminal symbols.
+***************** Begin token definitions *************************************/
+#ifndef FTS5_OR
+#define FTS5_OR                              1
+#define FTS5_AND                             2
+#define FTS5_NOT                             3
+#define FTS5_TERM                            4
+#define FTS5_COLON                           5
+#define FTS5_MINUS                           6
+#define FTS5_LCP                             7
+#define FTS5_RCP                             8
+#define FTS5_STRING                          9
+#define FTS5_LP                             10
+#define FTS5_RP                             11
+#define FTS5_CARET                          12
+#define FTS5_COMMA                          13
+#define FTS5_PLUS                           14
+#define FTS5_STAR                           15
+#endif
+/**************** End token definitions ***************************************/
 
 /* The next sections is a series of control #defines.
 ** various aspects of the generated parser.
@@ -198474,7 +210317,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5UnicodeAscii(u8*, u8*);
 **                       the minor type might be the name of the identifier.
 **                       Each non-terminal can have a different minor type.
 **                       Terminal symbols all have the same minor type, though.
-**                       This macros defines the minor type for terminal 
+**                       This macros defines the minor type for terminal
 **                       symbols.
 **    fts5YYMINORTYPE        is the data type used for all minor types.
 **                       This is typically a union of many types, one of
@@ -198534,6 +210377,7 @@ typedef union {
 #define sqlite3Fts5ParserCTX_STORE
 #define fts5YYNSTATE             35
 #define fts5YYNRULE              28
+#define fts5YYNRULE_WITH_ACTION  28
 #define fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN             16
 #define fts5YY_MAX_SHIFT         34
 #define fts5YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE   52
@@ -198562,7 +210406,7 @@ typedef union {
 /* Next are the tables used to determine what action to take based on the
 ** current state and lookahead token.  These tables are used to implement
 ** functions that take a state number and lookahead value and return an
-** action integer.  
+** action integer.
 **
 ** Suppose the action integer is N.  Then the action is determined as
 ** follows
@@ -198662,9 +210506,9 @@ static const fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_default[] = {
 };
 /********** End of lemon-generated parsing tables *****************************/
 
-/* The next table maps tokens (terminal symbols) into fallback tokens.  
+/* The next table maps tokens (terminal symbols) into fallback tokens.
 ** If a construct like the following:
-** 
+**
 **      %fallback ID X Y Z.
 **
 ** appears in the grammar, then ID becomes a fallback token for X, Y,
@@ -198731,15 +210575,16 @@ typedef struct fts5yyParser fts5yyParser;
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
 /* #include <stdio.h> */
+/* #include <assert.h> */
 static FILE *fts5yyTraceFILE = 0;
 static char *fts5yyTracePrompt = 0;
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-/* 
+/*
 ** Turn parser tracing on by giving a stream to which to write the trace
 ** and a prompt to preface each trace message.  Tracing is turned off
-** by making either argument NULL 
+** by making either argument NULL
 **
 ** Inputs:
 ** <ul>
@@ -198764,7 +210609,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5ParserTrace(FILE *TraceFILE, char *zTracePrompt){
 #if defined(fts5YYCOVERAGE) || !defined(NDEBUG)
 /* For tracing shifts, the names of all terminals and nonterminals
 ** are required.  The following table supplies these names */
-static const char *const fts5yyTokenName[] = { 
+static const char *const fts5yyTokenName[] = {
   /*    0 */ "$",
   /*    1 */ "OR",
   /*    2 */ "AND",
@@ -198860,7 +210705,7 @@ static int fts5yyGrowStack(fts5yyParser *p){
 #endif
     p->fts5yystksz = newSize;
   }
-  return pNew==0; 
+  return pNew==0;
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -198902,7 +210747,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5ParserInit(void *fts5yypRawParser sqlite3Fts5ParserCTX_PD
 }
 
 #ifndef sqlite3Fts5Parser_ENGINEALWAYSONSTACK
-/* 
+/*
 ** This function allocates a new parser.
 ** The only argument is a pointer to a function which works like
 ** malloc.
@@ -198929,7 +210774,7 @@ static void *sqlite3Fts5ParserAlloc(void *(*mallocProc)(fts5YYMALLOCARGTYPE) sql
 /* The following function deletes the "minor type" or semantic value
 ** associated with a symbol.  The symbol can be either a terminal
 ** or nonterminal. "fts5yymajor" is the symbol code, and "fts5yypminor" is
-** a pointer to the value to be deleted.  The code used to do the 
+** a pointer to the value to be deleted.  The code used to do the
 ** deletions is derived from the %destructor and/or %token_destructor
 ** directives of the input grammar.
 */
@@ -198944,7 +210789,7 @@ static void fts5yy_destructor(
     /* Here is inserted the actions which take place when a
     ** terminal or non-terminal is destroyed.  This can happen
     ** when the symbol is popped from the stack during a
-    ** reduce or during error processing or when a parser is 
+    ** reduce or during error processing or when a parser is
     ** being destroyed before it is finished parsing.
     **
     ** Note: during a reduce, the only symbols destroyed are those
@@ -198954,31 +210799,31 @@ static void fts5yy_destructor(
 /********* Begin destructor definitions ***************************************/
     case 16: /* input */
 {
- (void)pParse; 
+ (void)pParse;
 }
       break;
     case 17: /* expr */
     case 18: /* cnearset */
     case 19: /* exprlist */
 {
- sqlite3Fts5ParseNodeFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy24)); 
+ sqlite3Fts5ParseNodeFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy24));
 }
       break;
     case 20: /* colset */
     case 21: /* colsetlist */
 {
- sqlite3_free((fts5yypminor->fts5yy11)); 
+ sqlite3_free((fts5yypminor->fts5yy11));
 }
       break;
     case 22: /* nearset */
     case 23: /* nearphrases */
 {
- sqlite3Fts5ParseNearsetFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy46)); 
+ sqlite3Fts5ParseNearsetFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy46));
 }
       break;
     case 24: /* phrase */
 {
- sqlite3Fts5ParsePhraseFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy53)); 
+ sqlite3Fts5ParsePhraseFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy53));
 }
       break;
 /********* End destructor definitions *****************************************/
@@ -199019,7 +210864,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5ParserFinalize(void *p){
 }
 
 #ifndef sqlite3Fts5Parser_ENGINEALWAYSONSTACK
-/* 
+/*
 ** Deallocate and destroy a parser.  Destructors are called for
 ** all stack elements before shutting the parser down.
 **
@@ -199104,15 +210949,18 @@ static fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_find_shift_action(
   do{
     i = fts5yy_shift_ofst[stateno];
     assert( i>=0 );
-    /* assert( i+fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN<=(int)fts5YY_NLOOKAHEAD ); */
+    assert( i<=fts5YY_ACTTAB_COUNT );
+    assert( i+fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN<=(int)fts5YY_NLOOKAHEAD );
     assert( iLookAhead!=fts5YYNOCODE );
     assert( iLookAhead < fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN );
     i += iLookAhead;
-    if( i>=fts5YY_NLOOKAHEAD || fts5yy_lookahead[i]!=iLookAhead ){
+    assert( i<(int)fts5YY_NLOOKAHEAD );
+    if( fts5yy_lookahead[i]!=iLookAhead ){
 #ifdef fts5YYFALLBACK
       fts5YYCODETYPE iFallback;            /* Fallback token */
-      if( iLookAhead<sizeof(fts5yyFallback)/sizeof(fts5yyFallback[0])
-             && (iFallback = fts5yyFallback[iLookAhead])!=0 ){
+      assert( iLookAhead<sizeof(fts5yyFallback)/sizeof(fts5yyFallback[0]) );
+      iFallback = fts5yyFallback[iLookAhead];
+      if( iFallback!=0 ){
 #ifndef NDEBUG
         if( fts5yyTraceFILE ){
           fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE, "%sFALLBACK %s => %s\n",
@@ -199127,16 +210975,8 @@ static fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_find_shift_action(
 #ifdef fts5YYWILDCARD
       {
         int j = i - iLookAhead + fts5YYWILDCARD;
-        if( 
-#if fts5YY_SHIFT_MIN+fts5YYWILDCARD<0
-          j>=0 &&
-#endif
-#if fts5YY_SHIFT_MAX+fts5YYWILDCARD>=fts5YY_ACTTAB_COUNT
-          j<fts5YY_ACTTAB_COUNT &&
-#endif
-          j<(int)(sizeof(fts5yy_lookahead)/sizeof(fts5yy_lookahead[0])) &&
-          fts5yy_lookahead[j]==fts5YYWILDCARD && iLookAhead>0
-        ){
+        assert( j<(int)(sizeof(fts5yy_lookahead)/sizeof(fts5yy_lookahead[0])) );
+        if( fts5yy_lookahead[j]==fts5YYWILDCARD && iLookAhead>0 ){
 #ifndef NDEBUG
           if( fts5yyTraceFILE ){
             fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE, "%sWILDCARD %s => %s\n",
@@ -199150,6 +210990,7 @@ static fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_find_shift_action(
 #endif /* fts5YYWILDCARD */
       return fts5yy_default[stateno];
     }else{
+      assert( i>=0 && i<(int)(sizeof(fts5yy_action)/sizeof(fts5yy_action[0])) );
       return fts5yy_action[i];
     }
   }while(1);
@@ -199245,7 +211086,7 @@ static void fts5yy_shift(
     assert( fts5yypParser->fts5yyhwm == (int)(fts5yypParser->fts5yytos - fts5yypParser->fts5yystack) );
   }
 #endif
-#if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH>0 
+#if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH>0
   if( fts5yypParser->fts5yytos>fts5yypParser->fts5yystackEnd ){
     fts5yypParser->fts5yytos--;
     fts5yyStackOverflow(fts5yypParser);
@@ -199270,41 +211111,70 @@ static void fts5yy_shift(
   fts5yyTraceShift(fts5yypParser, fts5yyNewState, "Shift");
 }
 
-/* The following table contains information about every rule that
-** is used during the reduce.
-*/
-static const struct {
-  fts5YYCODETYPE lhs;       /* Symbol on the left-hand side of the rule */
-  signed char nrhs;     /* Negative of the number of RHS symbols in the rule */
-} fts5yyRuleInfo[] = {
-  {   16,   -1 }, /* (0) input ::= expr */
-  {   20,   -4 }, /* (1) colset ::= MINUS LCP colsetlist RCP */
-  {   20,   -3 }, /* (2) colset ::= LCP colsetlist RCP */
-  {   20,   -1 }, /* (3) colset ::= STRING */
-  {   20,   -2 }, /* (4) colset ::= MINUS STRING */
-  {   21,   -2 }, /* (5) colsetlist ::= colsetlist STRING */
-  {   21,   -1 }, /* (6) colsetlist ::= STRING */
-  {   17,   -3 }, /* (7) expr ::= expr AND expr */
-  {   17,   -3 }, /* (8) expr ::= expr OR expr */
-  {   17,   -3 }, /* (9) expr ::= expr NOT expr */
-  {   17,   -5 }, /* (10) expr ::= colset COLON LP expr RP */
-  {   17,   -3 }, /* (11) expr ::= LP expr RP */
-  {   17,   -1 }, /* (12) expr ::= exprlist */
-  {   19,   -1 }, /* (13) exprlist ::= cnearset */
-  {   19,   -2 }, /* (14) exprlist ::= exprlist cnearset */
-  {   18,   -1 }, /* (15) cnearset ::= nearset */
-  {   18,   -3 }, /* (16) cnearset ::= colset COLON nearset */
-  {   22,   -1 }, /* (17) nearset ::= phrase */
-  {   22,   -2 }, /* (18) nearset ::= CARET phrase */
-  {   22,   -5 }, /* (19) nearset ::= STRING LP nearphrases neardist_opt RP */
-  {   23,   -1 }, /* (20) nearphrases ::= phrase */
-  {   23,   -2 }, /* (21) nearphrases ::= nearphrases phrase */
-  {   25,    0 }, /* (22) neardist_opt ::= */
-  {   25,   -2 }, /* (23) neardist_opt ::= COMMA STRING */
-  {   24,   -4 }, /* (24) phrase ::= phrase PLUS STRING star_opt */
-  {   24,   -2 }, /* (25) phrase ::= STRING star_opt */
-  {   26,   -1 }, /* (26) star_opt ::= STAR */
-  {   26,    0 }, /* (27) star_opt ::= */
+/* For rule J, fts5yyRuleInfoLhs[J] contains the symbol on the left-hand side
+** of that rule */
+static const fts5YYCODETYPE fts5yyRuleInfoLhs[] = {
+    16,  /* (0) input ::= expr */
+    20,  /* (1) colset ::= MINUS LCP colsetlist RCP */
+    20,  /* (2) colset ::= LCP colsetlist RCP */
+    20,  /* (3) colset ::= STRING */
+    20,  /* (4) colset ::= MINUS STRING */
+    21,  /* (5) colsetlist ::= colsetlist STRING */
+    21,  /* (6) colsetlist ::= STRING */
+    17,  /* (7) expr ::= expr AND expr */
+    17,  /* (8) expr ::= expr OR expr */
+    17,  /* (9) expr ::= expr NOT expr */
+    17,  /* (10) expr ::= colset COLON LP expr RP */
+    17,  /* (11) expr ::= LP expr RP */
+    17,  /* (12) expr ::= exprlist */
+    19,  /* (13) exprlist ::= cnearset */
+    19,  /* (14) exprlist ::= exprlist cnearset */
+    18,  /* (15) cnearset ::= nearset */
+    18,  /* (16) cnearset ::= colset COLON nearset */
+    22,  /* (17) nearset ::= phrase */
+    22,  /* (18) nearset ::= CARET phrase */
+    22,  /* (19) nearset ::= STRING LP nearphrases neardist_opt RP */
+    23,  /* (20) nearphrases ::= phrase */
+    23,  /* (21) nearphrases ::= nearphrases phrase */
+    25,  /* (22) neardist_opt ::= */
+    25,  /* (23) neardist_opt ::= COMMA STRING */
+    24,  /* (24) phrase ::= phrase PLUS STRING star_opt */
+    24,  /* (25) phrase ::= STRING star_opt */
+    26,  /* (26) star_opt ::= STAR */
+    26,  /* (27) star_opt ::= */
+};
+
+/* For rule J, fts5yyRuleInfoNRhs[J] contains the negative of the number
+** of symbols on the right-hand side of that rule. */
+static const signed char fts5yyRuleInfoNRhs[] = {
+   -1,  /* (0) input ::= expr */
+   -4,  /* (1) colset ::= MINUS LCP colsetlist RCP */
+   -3,  /* (2) colset ::= LCP colsetlist RCP */
+   -1,  /* (3) colset ::= STRING */
+   -2,  /* (4) colset ::= MINUS STRING */
+   -2,  /* (5) colsetlist ::= colsetlist STRING */
+   -1,  /* (6) colsetlist ::= STRING */
+   -3,  /* (7) expr ::= expr AND expr */
+   -3,  /* (8) expr ::= expr OR expr */
+   -3,  /* (9) expr ::= expr NOT expr */
+   -5,  /* (10) expr ::= colset COLON LP expr RP */
+   -3,  /* (11) expr ::= LP expr RP */
+   -1,  /* (12) expr ::= exprlist */
+   -1,  /* (13) exprlist ::= cnearset */
+   -2,  /* (14) exprlist ::= exprlist cnearset */
+   -1,  /* (15) cnearset ::= nearset */
+   -3,  /* (16) cnearset ::= colset COLON nearset */
+   -1,  /* (17) nearset ::= phrase */
+   -2,  /* (18) nearset ::= CARET phrase */
+   -5,  /* (19) nearset ::= STRING LP nearphrases neardist_opt RP */
+   -1,  /* (20) nearphrases ::= phrase */
+   -2,  /* (21) nearphrases ::= nearphrases phrase */
+    0,  /* (22) neardist_opt ::= */
+   -2,  /* (23) neardist_opt ::= COMMA STRING */
+   -4,  /* (24) phrase ::= phrase PLUS STRING star_opt */
+   -2,  /* (25) phrase ::= STRING star_opt */
+   -1,  /* (26) star_opt ::= STAR */
+    0,  /* (27) star_opt ::= */
 };
 
 static void fts5yy_accept(fts5yyParser*);  /* Forward Declaration */
@@ -199334,16 +211204,20 @@ static fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_reduce(
   (void)fts5yyLookahead;
   (void)fts5yyLookaheadToken;
   fts5yymsp = fts5yypParser->fts5yytos;
+  assert( fts5yyruleno<(int)(sizeof(fts5yyRuleName)/sizeof(fts5yyRuleName[0])) );
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-  if( fts5yyTraceFILE && fts5yyruleno<(int)(sizeof(fts5yyRuleName)/sizeof(fts5yyRuleName[0])) ){
-    fts5yysize = fts5yyRuleInfo[fts5yyruleno].nrhs;
+  if( fts5yyTraceFILE ){
+    fts5yysize = fts5yyRuleInfoNRhs[fts5yyruleno];
     if( fts5yysize ){
-      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s], go to state %d.\n",
+      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s]%s, pop back to state %d.\n",
         fts5yyTracePrompt,
-        fts5yyruleno, fts5yyRuleName[fts5yyruleno], fts5yymsp[fts5yysize].stateno);
+        fts5yyruleno, fts5yyRuleName[fts5yyruleno],
+        fts5yyruleno<fts5YYNRULE_WITH_ACTION ? "" : " without external action",
+        fts5yymsp[fts5yysize].stateno);
     }else{
-      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s].\n",
-        fts5yyTracePrompt, fts5yyruleno, fts5yyRuleName[fts5yyruleno]);
+      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s]%s.\n",
+        fts5yyTracePrompt, fts5yyruleno, fts5yyRuleName[fts5yyruleno],
+        fts5yyruleno<fts5YYNRULE_WITH_ACTION ? "" : " without external action");
     }
   }
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
@@ -199351,14 +211225,14 @@ static fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_reduce(
   /* Check that the stack is large enough to grow by a single entry
   ** if the RHS of the rule is empty.  This ensures that there is room
   ** enough on the stack to push the LHS value */
-  if( fts5yyRuleInfo[fts5yyruleno].nrhs==0 ){
+  if( fts5yyRuleInfoNRhs[fts5yyruleno]==0 ){
 #ifdef fts5YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
     if( (int)(fts5yypParser->fts5yytos - fts5yypParser->fts5yystack)>fts5yypParser->fts5yyhwm ){
       fts5yypParser->fts5yyhwm++;
       assert( fts5yypParser->fts5yyhwm == (int)(fts5yypParser->fts5yytos - fts5yypParser->fts5yystack));
     }
 #endif
-#if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH>0 
+#if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH>0
     if( fts5yypParser->fts5yytos>=fts5yypParser->fts5yystackEnd ){
       fts5yyStackOverflow(fts5yypParser);
       /* The call to fts5yyStackOverflow() above pops the stack until it is
@@ -199395,7 +211269,7 @@ static fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_reduce(
 { sqlite3Fts5ParseFinished(pParse, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24); }
         break;
       case 1: /* colset ::= MINUS LCP colsetlist RCP */
-{ 
+{
     fts5yymsp[-3].minor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColsetInvert(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11);
 }
         break;
@@ -199415,13 +211289,13 @@ static fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_reduce(
 }
         break;
       case 5: /* colsetlist ::= colsetlist STRING */
-{ 
+{
   fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0); }
   fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11;
         break;
       case 6: /* colsetlist ::= STRING */
-{ 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0); 
+{
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0);
 }
   fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy11 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11;
         break;
@@ -199465,14 +211339,14 @@ static fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_reduce(
   fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
         break;
       case 15: /* cnearset ::= nearset */
-{ 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_STRING, 0, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy46); 
+{
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_STRING, 0, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy46);
 }
   fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
         break;
       case 16: /* cnearset ::= colset COLON nearset */
-{ 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_STRING, 0, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy46); 
+{
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_STRING, 0, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy46);
   sqlite3Fts5ParseSetColset(pParse, fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy11);
 }
   fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
@@ -199482,9 +211356,9 @@ static fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_reduce(
   fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy46 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46;
         break;
       case 18: /* nearset ::= CARET phrase */
-{ 
+{
   sqlite3Fts5ParseSetCaret(fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy53);
-  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy46 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy53); 
+  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy46 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy53);
 }
         break;
       case 19: /* nearset ::= STRING LP nearphrases neardist_opt RP */
@@ -199496,8 +211370,8 @@ static fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_reduce(
   fts5yymsp[-4].minor.fts5yy46 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46;
         break;
       case 20: /* nearphrases ::= phrase */
-{ 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy53); 
+{
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy53);
 }
   fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy46 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46;
         break;
@@ -199514,13 +211388,13 @@ static fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_reduce(
 { fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0 = fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0; }
         break;
       case 24: /* phrase ::= phrase PLUS STRING star_opt */
-{ 
+{
   fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy53 = sqlite3Fts5ParseTerm(pParse, fts5yymsp[-3].minor.fts5yy53, &fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy4);
 }
   fts5yymsp[-3].minor.fts5yy53 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy53;
         break;
       case 25: /* phrase ::= STRING star_opt */
-{ 
+{
   fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy53 = sqlite3Fts5ParseTerm(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy4);
 }
   fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy53 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy53;
@@ -199535,9 +211409,9 @@ static fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_reduce(
         break;
 /********** End reduce actions ************************************************/
   };
-  assert( fts5yyruleno<sizeof(fts5yyRuleInfo)/sizeof(fts5yyRuleInfo[0]) );
-  fts5yygoto = fts5yyRuleInfo[fts5yyruleno].lhs;
-  fts5yysize = fts5yyRuleInfo[fts5yyruleno].nrhs;
+  assert( fts5yyruleno<sizeof(fts5yyRuleInfoLhs)/sizeof(fts5yyRuleInfoLhs[0]) );
+  fts5yygoto = fts5yyRuleInfoLhs[fts5yyruleno];
+  fts5yysize = fts5yyRuleInfoNRhs[fts5yyruleno];
   fts5yyact = fts5yy_find_reduce_action(fts5yymsp[fts5yysize].stateno,(fts5YYCODETYPE)fts5yygoto);
 
   /* There are no SHIFTREDUCE actions on nonterminals because the table
@@ -199711,7 +211585,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5Parser(
 #ifdef fts5YYERRORSYMBOL
       /* A syntax error has occurred.
       ** The response to an error depends upon whether or not the
-      ** grammar defines an error token "ERROR".  
+      ** grammar defines an error token "ERROR".
       **
       ** This is what we do if the grammar does define ERROR:
       **
@@ -199743,10 +211617,9 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5Parser(
         fts5yymajor = fts5YYNOCODE;
       }else{
         while( fts5yypParser->fts5yytos >= fts5yypParser->fts5yystack
-            && fts5yymx != fts5YYERRORSYMBOL
             && (fts5yyact = fts5yy_find_reduce_action(
                         fts5yypParser->fts5yytos->stateno,
-                        fts5YYERRORSYMBOL)) >= fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE
+                        fts5YYERRORSYMBOL)) > fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE
         ){
           fts5yy_pop_parser_stack(fts5yypParser);
         }
@@ -199822,13 +211695,12 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5Parser(
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5ParserFallback(int iToken){
 #ifdef fts5YYFALLBACK
-  if( iToken<(int)(sizeof(fts5yyFallback)/sizeof(fts5yyFallback[0])) ){
-    return fts5yyFallback[iToken];
-  }
+  assert( iToken<(int)(sizeof(fts5yyFallback)/sizeof(fts5yyFallback[0])) );
+  return fts5yyFallback[iToken];
 #else
   (void)iToken;
-#endif
   return 0;
+#endif
 }
 
 /*
@@ -199849,7 +211721,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ParserFallback(int iToken){
 #include <math.h>                 /* amalgamator: keep */
 
 /*
-** Object used to iterate through all "coalesced phrase instances" in 
+** Object used to iterate through all "coalesced phrase instances" in
 ** a single column of the current row. If the phrase instances in the
 ** column being considered do not overlap, this object simply iterates
 ** through them. Or, if they do overlap (share one or more tokens in
@@ -199912,7 +211784,7 @@ static int fts5CInstIterNext(CInstIter *pIter){
 }
 
 /*
-** Initialize the iterator object indicated by the final parameter to 
+** Initialize the iterator object indicated by the final parameter to
 ** iterate through coalesced phrase instances in column iCol.
 */
 static int fts5CInstIterInit(
@@ -199957,19 +211829,19 @@ struct HighlightContext {
 
 /*
 ** Append text to the HighlightContext output string - p->zOut. Argument
-** z points to a buffer containing n bytes of text to append. If n is 
+** z points to a buffer containing n bytes of text to append. If n is
 ** negative, everything up until the first '\0' is appended to the output.
 **
-** If *pRc is set to any value other than SQLITE_OK when this function is 
-** called, it is a no-op. If an error (i.e. an OOM condition) is encountered, 
-** *pRc is set to an error code before returning. 
+** If *pRc is set to any value other than SQLITE_OK when this function is
+** called, it is a no-op. If an error (i.e. an OOM condition) is encountered,
+** *pRc is set to an error code before returning.
 */
 static void fts5HighlightAppend(
-  int *pRc, 
-  HighlightContext *p, 
+  int *pRc,
+  HighlightContext *p,
   const char *z, int n
 ){
-  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK && z ){
     if( n<0 ) n = (int)strlen(z);
     p->zOut = sqlite3_mprintf("%z%.*s", p->zOut, n, z);
     if( p->zOut==0 ) *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -200101,7 +211973,7 @@ static int fts5SentenceFinderAdd(Fts5SFinder *p, int iAdd){
     int nNew = p->nFirstAlloc ? p->nFirstAlloc*2 : 64;
     int *aNew;
 
-    aNew = (int*)sqlite3_realloc(p->aFirst, nNew*sizeof(int));
+    aNew = (int*)sqlite3_realloc64(p->aFirst, nNew*sizeof(int));
     if( aNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
     p->aFirst = aNew;
     p->nFirstAlloc = nNew;
@@ -200168,11 +212040,12 @@ static int fts5SnippetScore(
   int nInst;
   int nScore = 0;
   int iLast = 0;
+  sqlite3_int64 iEnd = (sqlite3_int64)iPos + nToken;
 
   rc = pApi->xInstCount(pFts, &nInst);
   for(i=0; i<nInst && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
     rc = pApi->xInst(pFts, i, &ip, &ic, &iOff);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && ic==iCol && iOff>=iPos && iOff<(iPos+nToken) ){
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && ic==iCol && iOff>=iPos && iOff<iEnd ){
       nScore += (aSeen[ip] ? 1 : 1000);
       aSeen[ip] = 1;
       if( iFirst<0 ) iFirst = iOff;
@@ -200182,17 +212055,17 @@ static int fts5SnippetScore(
 
   *pnScore = nScore;
   if( piPos ){
-    int iAdj = iFirst - (nToken - (iLast-iFirst)) / 2;
+    sqlite3_int64 iAdj = iFirst - (nToken - (iLast-iFirst)) / 2;
     if( (iAdj+nToken)>nDocsize ) iAdj = nDocsize - nToken;
     if( iAdj<0 ) iAdj = 0;
-    *piPos = iAdj;
+    *piPos = (int)iAdj;
   }
 
   return rc;
 }
 
 /*
-** Return the value in pVal interpreted as utf-8 text. Except, if pVal 
+** Return the value in pVal interpreted as utf-8 text. Except, if pVal
 ** contains a NULL value, return a pointer to a static string zero
 ** bytes in length instead of a NULL pointer.
 */
@@ -200261,7 +212134,7 @@ static void fts5SnippetFunction(
       sFinder.nFirst = 0;
       rc = pApi->xColumnText(pFts, i, &sFinder.zDoc, &nDoc);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
-      rc = pApi->xTokenize(pFts, 
+      rc = pApi->xTokenize(pFts,
           sFinder.zDoc, nDoc, (void*)&sFinder,fts5SentenceFinderCb
       );
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
@@ -200275,7 +212148,9 @@ static void fts5SnippetFunction(
         int jj;
 
         rc = pApi->xInst(pFts, ii, &ip, &ic, &io);
-        if( ic!=i || rc!=SQLITE_OK ) continue;
+        if( ic!=i ) continue;
+        if( io>nDocsize ) rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) continue;
         memset(aSeen, 0, nPhrase);
         rc = fts5SnippetScore(pApi, pFts, nDocsize, aSeen, i,
             io, nToken, &nScore, &iAdj
@@ -200294,7 +212169,7 @@ static void fts5SnippetFunction(
 
           if( sFinder.aFirst[jj]<io ){
             memset(aSeen, 0, nPhrase);
-            rc = fts5SnippetScore(pApi, pFts, nDocsize, aSeen, i, 
+            rc = fts5SnippetScore(pApi, pFts, nDocsize, aSeen, i,
               sFinder.aFirst[jj], nToken, &nScore, 0
             );
 
@@ -200373,7 +212248,7 @@ struct Fts5Bm25Data {
 ** table matched by each individual phrase within the query.
 */
 static int fts5CountCb(
-  const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi, 
+  const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi,
   Fts5Context *pFts,
   void *pUserData                 /* Pointer to sqlite3_int64 variable */
 ){
@@ -200384,34 +212259,34 @@ static int fts5CountCb(
 }
 
 /*
-** Set *ppData to point to the Fts5Bm25Data object for the current query. 
+** Set *ppData to point to the Fts5Bm25Data object for the current query.
 ** If the object has not already been allocated, allocate and populate it
 ** now.
 */
 static int fts5Bm25GetData(
-  const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi, 
+  const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi,
   Fts5Context *pFts,
   Fts5Bm25Data **ppData           /* OUT: bm25-data object for this query */
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
   Fts5Bm25Data *p;                /* Object to return */
 
-  p = pApi->xGetAuxdata(pFts, 0);
+  p = (Fts5Bm25Data*)pApi->xGetAuxdata(pFts, 0);
   if( p==0 ){
     int nPhrase;                  /* Number of phrases in query */
     sqlite3_int64 nRow = 0;       /* Number of rows in table */
     sqlite3_int64 nToken = 0;     /* Number of tokens in table */
-    int nByte;                    /* Bytes of space to allocate */
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte;          /* Bytes of space to allocate */
     int i;
 
     /* Allocate the Fts5Bm25Data object */
     nPhrase = pApi->xPhraseCount(pFts);
     nByte = sizeof(Fts5Bm25Data) + nPhrase*2*sizeof(double);
-    p = (Fts5Bm25Data*)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+    p = (Fts5Bm25Data*)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
     if( p==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
-      memset(p, 0, nByte);
+      memset(p, 0, (size_t)nByte);
       p->nPhrase = nPhrase;
       p->aIDF = (double*)&p[1];
       p->aFreq = &p->aIDF[nPhrase];
@@ -200419,6 +212294,7 @@ static int fts5Bm25GetData(
 
     /* Calculate the average document length for this FTS5 table */
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = pApi->xRowCount(pFts, &nRow);
+    assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || nRow>0 );
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = pApi->xColumnTotalSize(pFts, -1, &nToken);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) p->avgdl = (double)nToken  / (double)nRow;
 
@@ -200436,7 +212312,7 @@ static int fts5Bm25GetData(
         ** is the number that contain at least one instance of the phrase
         ** under consideration.
         **
-        ** The problem with this is that if (N < 2*nHit), the IDF is 
+        ** The problem with this is that if (N < 2*nHit), the IDF is
         ** negative. Which is undesirable. So the mimimum allowable IDF is
         ** (1e-6) - roughly the same as a term that appears in just over
         ** half of set of 5,000,000 documents.  */
@@ -200469,7 +212345,7 @@ static void fts5Bm25Function(
 ){
   const double k1 = 1.2;          /* Constant "k1" from BM25 formula */
   const double b = 0.75;          /* Constant "b" from BM25 formula */
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Error code */
+  int rc;                         /* Error code */
   double score = 0.0;             /* SQL function return value */
   Fts5Bm25Data *pData;            /* Values allocated/calculated once only */
   int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
@@ -200501,17 +212377,15 @@ static void fts5Bm25Function(
     D = (double)nTok;
   }
 
-  /* Determine the BM25 score for the current row. */
-  for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<pData->nPhrase; i++){
-    score += pData->aIDF[i] * (
-      ( aFreq[i] * (k1 + 1.0) ) / 
-      ( aFreq[i] + k1 * (1 - b + b * D / pData->avgdl) )
-    );
-  }
-  
-  /* If no error has occurred, return the calculated score. Otherwise,
-  ** throw an SQL exception.  */
+  /* Determine and return the BM25 score for the current row. Or, if an
+  ** error has occurred, throw an exception. */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    for(i=0; i<pData->nPhrase; i++){
+      score += pData->aIDF[i] * (
+          ( aFreq[i] * (k1 + 1.0) ) /
+          ( aFreq[i] + k1 * (1 - b + b * D / pData->avgdl) )
+      );
+    }
     sqlite3_result_double(pCtx, -1.0 * score);
   }else{
     sqlite3_result_error_code(pCtx, rc);
@@ -200544,8 +212418,6 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5AuxInit(fts5_api *pApi){
   return rc;
 }
 
-
-
 /*
 ** 2014 May 31
 **
@@ -200565,17 +212437,17 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5AuxInit(fts5_api *pApi){
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5BufferSize(int *pRc, Fts5Buffer *pBuf, u32 nByte){
   if( (u32)pBuf->nSpace<nByte ){
-    u32 nNew = pBuf->nSpace ? pBuf->nSpace : 64;
+    u64 nNew = pBuf->nSpace ? pBuf->nSpace : 64;
     u8 *pNew;
     while( nNew<nByte ){
       nNew = nNew * 2;
     }
-    pNew = sqlite3_realloc(pBuf->p, nNew);
+    pNew = sqlite3_realloc64(pBuf->p, nNew);
     if( pNew==0 ){
       *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       return 1;
     }else{
-      pBuf->nSpace = nNew;
+      pBuf->nSpace = (int)nNew;
       pBuf->p = pNew;
     }
   }
@@ -200600,18 +212472,18 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5Put32(u8 *aBuf, int iVal){
 }
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5Get32(const u8 *aBuf){
-  return (aBuf[0] << 24) + (aBuf[1] << 16) + (aBuf[2] << 8) + aBuf[3];
+  return (int)((((u32)aBuf[0])<<24) + (aBuf[1]<<16) + (aBuf[2]<<8) + aBuf[3]);
 }
 
 /*
-** Append buffer nData/pData to buffer pBuf. If an OOM error occurs, set 
+** Append buffer nData/pData to buffer pBuf. If an OOM error occurs, set
 ** the error code in p. If an error has already occurred when this function
 ** is called, it is a no-op.
 */
 static void sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendBlob(
   int *pRc,
-  Fts5Buffer *pBuf, 
-  u32 nData, 
+  Fts5Buffer *pBuf,
+  u32 nData,
   const u8 *pData
 ){
   assert_nc( *pRc || nData>=0 );
@@ -200624,12 +212496,12 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendBlob(
 
 /*
 ** Append the nul-terminated string zStr to the buffer pBuf. This function
-** ensures that the byte following the buffer data is set to 0x00, even 
+** ensures that the byte following the buffer data is set to 0x00, even
 ** though this byte is not included in the pBuf->n count.
 */
 static void sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendString(
   int *pRc,
-  Fts5Buffer *pBuf, 
+  Fts5Buffer *pBuf,
   const char *zStr
 ){
   int nStr = (int)strlen(zStr);
@@ -200641,13 +212513,13 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendString(
 ** Argument zFmt is a printf() style format string. This function performs
 ** the printf() style processing, then appends the results to buffer pBuf.
 **
-** Like sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendString(), this function ensures that the byte 
+** Like sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendString(), this function ensures that the byte
 ** following the buffer data is set to 0x00, even though this byte is not
 ** included in the pBuf->n count.
-*/ 
+*/
 static void sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendPrintf(
   int *pRc,
-  Fts5Buffer *pBuf, 
+  Fts5Buffer *pBuf,
   char *zFmt, ...
 ){
   if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -200674,12 +212546,12 @@ static char *sqlite3Fts5Mprintf(int *pRc, const char *zFmt, ...){
     zRet = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
     va_end(ap);
     if( zRet==0 ){
-      *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM; 
+      *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }
   }
   return zRet;
 }
- 
+
 
 /*
 ** Free any buffer allocated by pBuf. Zero the structure before returning.
@@ -200690,7 +212562,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5BufferFree(Fts5Buffer *pBuf){
 }
 
 /*
-** Zero the contents of the buffer object. But do not free the associated 
+** Zero the contents of the buffer object. But do not free the associated
 ** memory allocation.
 */
 static void sqlite3Fts5BufferZero(Fts5Buffer *pBuf){
@@ -200704,8 +212576,8 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5BufferZero(Fts5Buffer *pBuf){
 */
 static void sqlite3Fts5BufferSet(
   int *pRc,
-  Fts5Buffer *pBuf, 
-  int nData, 
+  Fts5Buffer *pBuf,
+  int nData,
   const u8 *pData
 ){
   pBuf->n = 0;
@@ -200721,17 +212593,26 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(
   if( i>=n ){
     /* EOF */
     *piOff = -1;
-    return 1;  
+    return 1;
   }else{
     i64 iOff = *piOff;
     int iVal;
     fts5FastGetVarint32(a, i, iVal);
-    if( iVal==1 ){
+    if( iVal<=1 ){
+      if( iVal==0 ){
+        *pi = i;
+        return 0;
+      }
       fts5FastGetVarint32(a, i, iVal);
       iOff = ((i64)iVal) << 32;
       fts5FastGetVarint32(a, i, iVal);
+      if( iVal<2 ){
+        /* This is a corrupt record. So stop parsing it here. */
+        *piOff = -1;
+        return 1;
+      }
     }
-    *piOff = iOff + (iVal-2);
+    *piOff = iOff + ((iVal-2) & 0x7FFFFFFF);
     *pi = i;
     return 0;
   }
@@ -200767,8 +212648,8 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5PoslistReaderInit(
 ** to iPos before returning.
 */
 static void sqlite3Fts5PoslistSafeAppend(
-  Fts5Buffer *pBuf, 
-  i64 *piPrev, 
+  Fts5Buffer *pBuf,
+  i64 *piPrev,
   i64 iPos
 ){
   static const i64 colmask = ((i64)(0x7FFFFFFF)) << 32;
@@ -200782,7 +212663,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5PoslistSafeAppend(
 }
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5PoslistWriterAppend(
-  Fts5Buffer *pBuf, 
+  Fts5Buffer *pBuf,
   Fts5PoslistWriter *pWriter,
   i64 iPos
 ){
@@ -200792,14 +212673,14 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5PoslistWriterAppend(
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-static void *sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(int *pRc, int nByte){
+static void *sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(int *pRc, sqlite3_int64 nByte){
   void *pRet = 0;
   if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pRet = sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+    pRet = sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
     if( pRet==0 ){
       if( nByte>0 ) *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
-      memset(pRet, 0, nByte);
+      memset(pRet, 0, (size_t)nByte);
     }
   }
   return pRet;
@@ -200811,7 +212692,7 @@ static void *sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(int *pRc, int nByte){
 ** the length of the string is determined using strlen().
 **
 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually free the returned
-** buffer using sqlite3_free(). If an OOM error occurs, NULL is returned. 
+** buffer using sqlite3_free(). If an OOM error occurs, NULL is returned.
 */
 static char *sqlite3Fts5Strndup(int *pRc, const char *pIn, int nIn){
   char *zRet = 0;
@@ -200878,9 +212759,9 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5TermsetNew(Fts5Termset **pp){
 }
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5TermsetAdd(
-  Fts5Termset *p, 
+  Fts5Termset *p,
   int iIdx,
-  const char *pTerm, int nTerm, 
+  const char *pTerm, int nTerm,
   int *pbPresent
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -200901,9 +212782,9 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5TermsetAdd(
     hash = hash % ArraySize(p->apHash);
 
     for(pEntry=p->apHash[hash]; pEntry; pEntry=pEntry->pNext){
-      if( pEntry->iIdx==iIdx 
-          && pEntry->nTerm==nTerm 
-          && memcmp(pEntry->pTerm, pTerm, nTerm)==0 
+      if( pEntry->iIdx==iIdx
+          && pEntry->nTerm==nTerm
+          && memcmp(pEntry->pTerm, pTerm, nTerm)==0
       ){
         *pbPresent = 1;
         break;
@@ -200966,7 +212847,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5TermsetFree(Fts5Termset *p){
 #define FTS5_DEFAULT_HASHSIZE    (1024*1024)
 
 /* Maximum allowed page size */
-#define FTS5_MAX_PAGE_SIZE (128*1024)
+#define FTS5_MAX_PAGE_SIZE (64*1024)
 
 static int fts5_iswhitespace(char x){
   return (x==' ');
@@ -200977,8 +212858,8 @@ static int fts5_isopenquote(char x){
 }
 
 /*
-** Argument pIn points to a character that is part of a nul-terminated 
-** string. Return a pointer to the first character following *pIn in 
+** Argument pIn points to a character that is part of a nul-terminated
+** string. Return a pointer to the first character following *pIn in
 ** the string that is not a white-space character.
 */
 static const char *fts5ConfigSkipWhitespace(const char *pIn){
@@ -200990,8 +212871,8 @@ static const char *fts5ConfigSkipWhitespace(const char *pIn){
 }
 
 /*
-** Argument pIn points to a character that is part of a nul-terminated 
-** string. Return a pointer to the first character following *pIn in 
+** Argument pIn points to a character that is part of a nul-terminated
+** string. Return a pointer to the first character following *pIn in
 ** the string that is not a "bareword" character.
 */
 static const char *fts5ConfigSkipBareword(const char *pIn){
@@ -201022,9 +212903,9 @@ static const char *fts5ConfigSkipLiteral(const char *pIn){
       p++;
       if( *p=='\'' ){
         p++;
-        while( (*p>='a' && *p<='f') 
-            || (*p>='A' && *p<='F') 
-            || (*p>='0' && *p<='9') 
+        while( (*p>='a' && *p<='f')
+            || (*p>='A' && *p<='F')
+            || (*p>='0' && *p<='9')
             ){
           p++;
         }
@@ -201055,7 +212936,7 @@ static const char *fts5ConfigSkipLiteral(const char *pIn){
       if( *p=='+' || *p=='-' ) p++;
       while( fts5_isdigit(*p) ) p++;
 
-      /* At this point, if the literal was an integer, the parse is 
+      /* At this point, if the literal was an integer, the parse is
       ** finished. Or, if it is a floating point value, it may continue
       ** with either a decimal point or an 'E' character. */
       if( *p=='.' && fts5_isdigit(p[1]) ){
@@ -201079,8 +212960,8 @@ static const char *fts5ConfigSkipLiteral(const char *pIn){
 ** nul-terminator byte.
 **
 ** If the close-quote is found, the value returned is the byte offset of
-** the character immediately following it. Or, if the close-quote is not 
-** found, -1 is returned. If -1 is returned, the buffer is left in an 
+** the character immediately following it. Or, if the close-quote is not
+** found, -1 is returned. If -1 is returned, the buffer is left in an
 ** undefined state.
 */
 static int fts5Dequote(char *z){
@@ -201091,9 +212972,9 @@ static int fts5Dequote(char *z){
 
   /* Set stack variable q to the close-quote character */
   assert( q=='[' || q=='\'' || q=='"' || q=='`' );
-  if( q=='[' ) q = ']';  
+  if( q=='[' ) q = ']';
 
-  while( ALWAYS(z[iIn]) ){
+  while( z[iIn] ){
     if( z[iIn]==q ){
       if( z[iIn+1]!=q ){
         /* Character iIn was the close quote. */
@@ -201101,7 +212982,7 @@ static int fts5Dequote(char *z){
         break;
       }else{
         /* Character iIn and iIn+1 form an escaped quote character. Skip
-        ** the input cursor past both and copy a single quote character 
+        ** the input cursor past both and copy a single quote character
         ** to the output buffer. */
         iIn += 2;
         z[iOut++] = q;
@@ -201146,8 +213027,8 @@ struct Fts5Enum {
 typedef struct Fts5Enum Fts5Enum;
 
 static int fts5ConfigSetEnum(
-  const Fts5Enum *aEnum, 
-  const char *zEnum, 
+  const Fts5Enum *aEnum,
+  const char *zEnum,
   int *peVal
 ){
   int nEnum = (int)strlen(zEnum);
@@ -201238,7 +213119,7 @@ static int fts5ConfigParseSpecial(
 
   if( sqlite3_strnicmp("tokenize", zCmd, nCmd)==0 ){
     const char *p = (const char*)zArg;
-    int nArg = (int)strlen(zArg) + 1;
+    sqlite3_int64 nArg = strlen(zArg) + 1;
     char **azArg = sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, sizeof(char*) * nArg);
     char *pDel = sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, nArg * 2);
     char *pSpace = pDel;
@@ -201267,8 +213148,8 @@ static int fts5ConfigParseSpecial(
           *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("parse error in tokenize directive");
           rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
         }else{
-          rc = sqlite3Fts5GetTokenizer(pGlobal, 
-              (const char**)azArg, nArg, &pConfig->pTok, &pConfig->pTokApi,
+          rc = sqlite3Fts5GetTokenizer(pGlobal,
+              (const char**)azArg, (int)nArg, pConfig,
               pzErr
           );
         }
@@ -201334,15 +213215,13 @@ static int fts5ConfigParseSpecial(
 }
 
 /*
-** Allocate an instance of the default tokenizer ("simple") at 
+** Allocate an instance of the default tokenizer ("simple") at
 ** Fts5Config.pTokenizer. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error
 ** code if an error occurs.
 */
 static int fts5ConfigDefaultTokenizer(Fts5Global *pGlobal, Fts5Config *pConfig){
   assert( pConfig->pTok==0 && pConfig->pTokApi==0 );
-  return sqlite3Fts5GetTokenizer(
-      pGlobal, 0, 0, &pConfig->pTok, &pConfig->pTokApi, 0
-  );
+  return sqlite3Fts5GetTokenizer(pGlobal, 0, 0, pConfig, 0);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -201368,8 +213247,8 @@ static const char *fts5ConfigGobbleWord(
 ){
   const char *zRet = 0;
 
-  int nIn = (int)strlen(zIn);
-  char *zOut = sqlite3_malloc(nIn+1);
+  sqlite3_int64 nIn = strlen(zIn);
+  char *zOut = sqlite3_malloc64(nIn+1);
 
   assert( *pRc==SQLITE_OK );
   *pbQuoted = 0;
@@ -201378,7 +213257,7 @@ static const char *fts5ConfigGobbleWord(
   if( zOut==0 ){
     *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }else{
-    memcpy(zOut, zIn, nIn+1);
+    memcpy(zOut, zIn, (size_t)(nIn+1));
     if( fts5_isopenquote(zOut[0]) ){
       int ii = fts5Dequote(zOut);
       zRet = &zIn[ii];
@@ -201401,14 +213280,14 @@ static const char *fts5ConfigGobbleWord(
 }
 
 static int fts5ConfigParseColumn(
-  Fts5Config *p, 
-  char *zCol, 
-  char *zArg, 
+  Fts5Config *p,
+  char *zCol,
+  char *zArg,
   char **pzErr
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(zCol, FTS5_RANK_NAME) 
-   || 0==sqlite3_stricmp(zCol, FTS5_ROWID_NAME) 
+  if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(zCol, FTS5_RANK_NAME)
+   || 0==sqlite3_stricmp(zCol, FTS5_ROWID_NAME)
   ){
     *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("reserved fts5 column name: %s", zCol);
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
@@ -201451,14 +213330,14 @@ static int fts5ConfigMakeExprlist(Fts5Config *p){
 
 /*
 ** Arguments nArg/azArg contain the string arguments passed to the xCreate
-** or xConnect method of the virtual table. This function attempts to 
+** or xConnect method of the virtual table. This function attempts to
 ** allocate an instance of Fts5Config containing the results of parsing
 ** those arguments.
 **
 ** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned and *ppOut is set to point to the
-** new Fts5Config object. If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is 
+** new Fts5Config object. If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is
 ** returned, *ppOut is set to NULL and an error message may be left in
-** *pzErr. It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually free any 
+** *pzErr. It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually free any
 ** such error message using sqlite3_free().
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5ConfigParse(
@@ -201472,7 +213351,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ConfigParse(
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
   Fts5Config *pRet;               /* New object to return */
   int i;
-  int nByte;
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte;
 
   *ppOut = pRet = (Fts5Config*)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Fts5Config));
   if( pRet==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -201545,8 +213424,8 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ConfigParse(
   /* If no zContent option was specified, fill in the default values. */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pRet->zContent==0 ){
     const char *zTail = 0;
-    assert( pRet->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NORMAL 
-         || pRet->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NONE 
+    assert( pRet->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NORMAL
+         || pRet->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NONE
     );
     if( pRet->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NORMAL ){
       zTail = "content";
@@ -201617,7 +213496,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ConfigDeclareVtab(Fts5Config *pConfig){
     const char *zSep = (i==0?"":", ");
     zSql = sqlite3Fts5Mprintf(&rc, "%z%s%Q", zSql, zSep, pConfig->azCol[i]);
   }
-  zSql = sqlite3Fts5Mprintf(&rc, "%z, %Q HIDDEN, %s HIDDEN)", 
+  zSql = sqlite3Fts5Mprintf(&rc, "%z, %Q HIDDEN, %s HIDDEN)",
       zSql, pConfig->zName, FTS5_RANK_NAME
   );
 
@@ -201626,7 +213505,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ConfigDeclareVtab(Fts5Config *pConfig){
     rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(pConfig->db, zSql);
     sqlite3_free(zSql);
   }
-  
+
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -201644,7 +213523,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ConfigDeclareVtab(Fts5Config *pConfig){
 **     int iPos            // Position of token in input (first token is 0)
 **
 ** If the callback returns a non-zero value the tokenization is abandoned
-** and no further callbacks are issued. 
+** and no further callbacks are issued.
 **
 ** This function returns SQLITE_OK if successful or an SQLite error code
 ** if an error occurs. If the tokenization was abandoned early because
@@ -201674,7 +213553,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5Tokenize(
 */
 static const char *fts5ConfigSkipArgs(const char *pIn){
   const char *p = pIn;
-  
+
   while( 1 ){
     p = fts5ConfigSkipWhitespace(p);
     p = fts5ConfigSkipLiteral(p);
@@ -201691,7 +213570,7 @@ static const char *fts5ConfigSkipArgs(const char *pIn){
 }
 
 /*
-** Parameter zIn contains a rank() function specification. The format of 
+** Parameter zIn contains a rank() function specification. The format of
 ** this is:
 **
 **   + Bareword (function name)
@@ -201733,7 +213612,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ConfigParseRank(
       p++;
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      const char *pArgs; 
+      const char *pArgs;
       p = fts5ConfigSkipWhitespace(p);
       pArgs = p;
       if( *p!=')' ){
@@ -201759,8 +213638,8 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ConfigParseRank(
 }
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5ConfigSetValue(
-  Fts5Config *pConfig, 
-  const char *zKey, 
+  Fts5Config *pConfig,
+  const char *zKey,
   sqlite3_value *pVal,
   int *pbBadkey
 ){
@@ -201771,7 +213650,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ConfigSetValue(
     if( SQLITE_INTEGER==sqlite3_value_numeric_type(pVal) ){
       pgsz = sqlite3_value_int(pVal);
     }
-    if( pgsz<=0 || pgsz>FTS5_MAX_PAGE_SIZE ){
+    if( pgsz<32 || pgsz>FTS5_MAX_PAGE_SIZE ){
       *pbBadkey = 1;
     }else{
       pConfig->pgsz = pgsz;
@@ -201824,6 +213703,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ConfigSetValue(
       *pbBadkey = 1;
     }else{
       if( nCrisisMerge<=1 ) nCrisisMerge = FTS5_DEFAULT_CRISISMERGE;
+      if( nCrisisMerge>=FTS5_MAX_SEGMENT ) nCrisisMerge = FTS5_MAX_SEGMENT-1;
       pConfig->nCrisisMerge = nCrisisMerge;
     }
   }
@@ -201885,7 +213765,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ConfigLoad(Fts5Config *pConfig, int iCookie){
     }
     rc = sqlite3_finalize(p);
   }
-  
+
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iVersion!=FTS5_CURRENT_VERSION ){
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     if( pConfig->pzErrmsg ){
@@ -201974,7 +213854,7 @@ struct Fts5ExprNode {
   i64 iRowid;                     /* Current rowid */
   Fts5ExprNearset *pNear;         /* For FTS5_STRING - cluster of phrases */
 
-  /* Child nodes. For a NOT node, this array always contains 2 entries. For 
+  /* Child nodes. For a NOT node, this array always contains 2 entries. For
   ** AND or OR nodes, it contains 2 or more entries.  */
   int nChild;                     /* Number of child nodes */
   Fts5ExprNode *apChild[1];       /* Array of child nodes */
@@ -202033,6 +213913,7 @@ struct Fts5Parse {
   int nPhrase;                    /* Size of apPhrase array */
   Fts5ExprPhrase **apPhrase;      /* Array of all phrases */
   Fts5ExprNode *pExpr;            /* Result of a successful parse */
+  int bPhraseToAnd;               /* Convert "a+b" to "a AND b" */
 };
 
 static void sqlite3Fts5ParseError(Fts5Parse *pParse, const char *zFmt, ...){
@@ -202053,7 +213934,7 @@ static int fts5ExprIsspace(char t){
 ** Read the first token from the nul-terminated string at *pz.
 */
 static int fts5ExprGetToken(
-  Fts5Parse *pParse, 
+  Fts5Parse *pParse,
   const char **pz,                /* IN/OUT: Pointer into buffer */
   Fts5Token *pToken
 ){
@@ -202116,14 +213997,15 @@ static int fts5ExprGetToken(
   return tok;
 }
 
-static void *fts5ParseAlloc(u64 t){ return sqlite3_malloc((int)t); }
+static void *fts5ParseAlloc(u64 t){ return sqlite3_malloc64((sqlite3_int64)t);}
 static void fts5ParseFree(void *p){ sqlite3_free(p); }
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5ExprNew(
   Fts5Config *pConfig,            /* FTS5 Configuration */
+  int bPhraseToAnd,
   int iCol,
   const char *zExpr,              /* Expression text */
-  Fts5Expr **ppNew, 
+  Fts5Expr **ppNew,
   char **pzErr
 ){
   Fts5Parse sParse;
@@ -202136,6 +214018,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprNew(
   *ppNew = 0;
   *pzErr = 0;
   memset(&sParse, 0, sizeof(sParse));
+  sParse.bPhraseToAnd = bPhraseToAnd;
   pEngine = sqlite3Fts5ParserAlloc(fts5ParseAlloc);
   if( pEngine==0 ){ return SQLITE_NOMEM; }
   sParse.pConfig = pConfig;
@@ -202178,6 +214061,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprNew(
       pNew->pConfig = pConfig;
       pNew->apExprPhrase = sParse.apPhrase;
       pNew->nPhrase = sParse.nPhrase;
+      pNew->bDesc = 0;
       sParse.apPhrase = 0;
     }
   }else{
@@ -202189,6 +214073,81 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprNew(
   return sParse.rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** This function is only called when using the special 'trigram' tokenizer.
+** Argument zText contains the text of a LIKE or GLOB pattern matched
+** against column iCol. This function creates and compiles an FTS5 MATCH
+** expression that will match a superset of the rows matched by the LIKE or
+** GLOB. If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error
+** code.
+*/
+static int sqlite3Fts5ExprPattern(
+  Fts5Config *pConfig, int bGlob, int iCol, const char *zText, Fts5Expr **pp
+){
+  i64 nText = strlen(zText);
+  char *zExpr = (char*)sqlite3_malloc64(nText*4 + 1);
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  if( zExpr==0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }else{
+    char aSpec[3];
+    int iOut = 0;
+    int i = 0;
+    int iFirst = 0;
+
+    if( bGlob==0 ){
+      aSpec[0] = '_';
+      aSpec[1] = '%';
+      aSpec[2] = 0;
+    }else{
+      aSpec[0] = '*';
+      aSpec[1] = '?';
+      aSpec[2] = '[';
+    }
+
+    while( i<=nText ){
+      if( i==nText
+       || zText[i]==aSpec[0] || zText[i]==aSpec[1] || zText[i]==aSpec[2]
+      ){
+        if( i-iFirst>=3 ){
+          int jj;
+          zExpr[iOut++] = '"';
+          for(jj=iFirst; jj<i; jj++){
+            zExpr[iOut++] = zText[jj];
+            if( zText[jj]=='"' ) zExpr[iOut++] = '"';
+          }
+          zExpr[iOut++] = '"';
+          zExpr[iOut++] = ' ';
+        }
+        if( zText[i]==aSpec[2] ){
+          i += 2;
+          if( zText[i-1]=='^' ) i++;
+          while( i<nText && zText[i]!=']' ) i++;
+        }
+        iFirst = i+1;
+      }
+      i++;
+    }
+    if( iOut>0 ){
+      int bAnd = 0;
+      if( pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
+        bAnd = 1;
+        if( pConfig->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ){
+          iCol = pConfig->nCol;
+        }
+      }
+      zExpr[iOut] = '\0';
+      rc = sqlite3Fts5ExprNew(pConfig, bAnd, iCol, zExpr, pp,pConfig->pzErrmsg);
+    }else{
+      *pp = 0;
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(zExpr);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Free the expression node object passed as the only argument.
 */
@@ -202214,6 +214173,42 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5ExprFree(Fts5Expr *p){
   }
 }
 
+static int sqlite3Fts5ExprAnd(Fts5Expr **pp1, Fts5Expr *p2){
+  Fts5Parse sParse;
+  memset(&sParse, 0, sizeof(sParse));
+
+  if( *pp1 ){
+    Fts5Expr *p1 = *pp1;
+    int nPhrase = p1->nPhrase + p2->nPhrase;
+
+    p1->pRoot = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(&sParse, FTS5_AND, p1->pRoot, p2->pRoot,0);
+    p2->pRoot = 0;
+
+    if( sParse.rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      Fts5ExprPhrase **ap = (Fts5ExprPhrase**)sqlite3_realloc(
+          p1->apExprPhrase, nPhrase * sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase*)
+      );
+      if( ap==0 ){
+        sParse.rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }else{
+        int i;
+        memmove(&ap[p2->nPhrase], ap, p1->nPhrase*sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase*));
+        for(i=0; i<p2->nPhrase; i++){
+          ap[i] = p2->apExprPhrase[i];
+        }
+        p1->nPhrase = nPhrase;
+        p1->apExprPhrase = ap;
+      }
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(p2->apExprPhrase);
+    sqlite3_free(p2);
+  }else{
+    *pp1 = p2;
+  }
+
+  return sParse.rc;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Argument pTerm must be a synonym iterator. Return the current rowid
 ** that it points to.
@@ -202243,7 +214238,7 @@ static i64 fts5ExprSynonymRowid(Fts5ExprTerm *pTerm, int bDesc, int *pbEof){
 ** Argument pTerm must be a synonym iterator.
 */
 static int fts5ExprSynonymList(
-  Fts5ExprTerm *pTerm, 
+  Fts5ExprTerm *pTerm,
   i64 iRowid,
   Fts5Buffer *pBuf,               /* Use this buffer for space if required */
   u8 **pa, int *pn
@@ -202261,8 +214256,8 @@ static int fts5ExprSynonymList(
     if( sqlite3Fts5IterEof(pIter)==0 && pIter->iRowid==iRowid ){
       if( pIter->nData==0 ) continue;
       if( nIter==nAlloc ){
-        int nByte = sizeof(Fts5PoslistReader) * nAlloc * 2;
-        Fts5PoslistReader *aNew = (Fts5PoslistReader*)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+        sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(Fts5PoslistReader) * nAlloc * 2;
+        Fts5PoslistReader *aNew = (Fts5PoslistReader*)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
         if( aNew==0 ){
           rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
           goto synonym_poslist_out;
@@ -202316,13 +214311,13 @@ static int fts5ExprSynonymList(
 
 /*
 ** All individual term iterators in pPhrase are guaranteed to be valid and
-** pointing to the same rowid when this function is called. This function 
+** pointing to the same rowid when this function is called. This function
 ** checks if the current rowid really is a match, and if so populates
 ** the pPhrase->poslist buffer accordingly. Output parameter *pbMatch
 ** is set to true if this is really a match, or false otherwise.
 **
-** SQLITE_OK is returned if an error occurs, or an SQLite error code 
-** otherwise. It is not considered an error code if the current rowid is 
+** SQLITE_OK is returned if an error occurs, or an SQLite error code
+** otherwise. It is not considered an error code if the current rowid is
 ** not a match.
 */
 static int fts5ExprPhraseIsMatch(
@@ -202336,14 +214331,14 @@ static int fts5ExprPhraseIsMatch(
   int i;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int bFirst = pPhrase->aTerm[0].bFirst;
-  
+
   fts5BufferZero(&pPhrase->poslist);
 
   /* If the aStatic[] array is not large enough, allocate a large array
   ** using sqlite3_malloc(). This approach could be improved upon. */
   if( pPhrase->nTerm>ArraySize(aStatic) ){
-    int nByte = sizeof(Fts5PoslistReader) * pPhrase->nTerm;
-    aIter = (Fts5PoslistReader*)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(Fts5PoslistReader) * pPhrase->nTerm;
+    aIter = (Fts5PoslistReader*)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
     if( !aIter ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
   memset(aIter, 0, sizeof(Fts5PoslistReader) * pPhrase->nTerm);
@@ -202458,7 +214453,7 @@ struct Fts5NearTrimmer {
 ** function is called, it is a no-op. Or, if an error (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM)
 ** occurs within this function (*pRc) is set accordingly before returning.
 ** The return value is undefined in both these cases.
-** 
+**
 ** If no error occurs and non-zero (a match) is returned, the position-list
 ** of each phrase object is edited to contain only those entries that
 ** meet the constraint before returning.
@@ -202477,7 +214472,7 @@ static int fts5ExprNearIsMatch(int *pRc, Fts5ExprNearset *pNear){
   /* If the aStatic[] array is not large enough, allocate a large array
   ** using sqlite3_malloc(). This approach could be improved upon. */
   if( pNear->nPhrase>ArraySize(aStatic) ){
-    int nByte = sizeof(Fts5NearTrimmer) * pNear->nPhrase;
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(Fts5NearTrimmer) * pNear->nPhrase;
     a = (Fts5NearTrimmer*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, nByte);
   }else{
     memset(aStatic, 0, sizeof(aStatic));
@@ -202490,7 +214485,7 @@ static int fts5ExprNearIsMatch(int *pRc, Fts5ExprNearset *pNear){
   /* Initialize a lookahead iterator for each phrase. After passing the
   ** buffer and buffer size to the lookaside-reader init function, zero
   ** the phrase poslist buffer. The new poslist for the phrase (containing
-  ** the same entries as the original with some entries removed on account 
+  ** the same entries as the original with some entries removed on account
   ** of the NEAR constraint) is written over the original even as it is
   ** being read. This is safe as the entries for the new poslist are a
   ** subset of the old, so it is not possible for data yet to be read to
@@ -202647,7 +214642,7 @@ static int fts5ExprNearTest(
     ** phrase is not a match, break out of the loop early.  */
     for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<pNear->nPhrase; i++){
       Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase = pNear->apPhrase[i];
-      if( pPhrase->nTerm>1 || pPhrase->aTerm[0].pSynonym 
+      if( pPhrase->nTerm>1 || pPhrase->aTerm[0].pSynonym
        || pNear->pColset || pPhrase->aTerm[0].bFirst
       ){
         int bMatch = 0;
@@ -202795,7 +214790,7 @@ static void fts5ExprNodeZeroPoslist(Fts5ExprNode *pNode){
 */
 static int fts5NodeCompare(
   Fts5Expr *pExpr,
-  Fts5ExprNode *p1, 
+  Fts5ExprNode *p1,
   Fts5ExprNode *p2
 ){
   if( p2->bEof ) return -1;
@@ -202810,7 +214805,7 @@ static int fts5NodeCompare(
 ** If an EOF is reached before this happens, *pbEof is set to true before
 ** returning.
 **
-** SQLITE_OK is returned if an error occurs, or an SQLite error code 
+** SQLITE_OK is returned if an error occurs, or an SQLite error code
 ** otherwise. It is not considered an error code if an iterator reaches
 ** EOF.
 */
@@ -202827,8 +214822,8 @@ static int fts5ExprNodeTest_STRING(
   const int bDesc = pExpr->bDesc;
 
   /* Check that this node should not be FTS5_TERM */
-  assert( pNear->nPhrase>1 
-       || pNear->apPhrase[0]->nTerm>1 
+  assert( pNear->nPhrase>1
+       || pNear->apPhrase[0]->nTerm>1
        || pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[0].pSynonym
        || pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[0].bFirst
   );
@@ -202888,7 +214883,7 @@ static int fts5ExprNodeNext_STRING(
   Fts5Expr *pExpr,                /* Expression pPhrase belongs to */
   Fts5ExprNode *pNode,            /* FTS5_STRING or FTS5_TERM node */
   int bFromValid,
-  i64 iFrom 
+  i64 iFrom
 ){
   Fts5ExprTerm *pTerm = &pNode->pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[0];
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -202906,8 +214901,8 @@ static int fts5ExprNodeNext_STRING(
     for(p=pTerm; p; p=p->pSynonym){
       if( sqlite3Fts5IterEof(p->pIter)==0 ){
         i64 ii = p->pIter->iRowid;
-        if( ii==iRowid 
-         || (bFromValid && ii!=iFrom && (ii>iFrom)==pExpr->bDesc) 
+        if( ii==iRowid
+         || (bFromValid && ii!=iFrom && (ii>iFrom)==pExpr->bDesc)
         ){
           if( bFromValid ){
             rc = sqlite3Fts5IterNextFrom(p->pIter, iFrom);
@@ -202953,9 +214948,9 @@ static int fts5ExprNodeTest_TERM(
   Fts5Expr *pExpr,                /* Expression that pNear is a part of */
   Fts5ExprNode *pNode             /* The "NEAR" node (FTS5_TERM) */
 ){
-  /* As this "NEAR" object is actually a single phrase that consists 
+  /* As this "NEAR" object is actually a single phrase that consists
   ** of a single term only, grab pointers into the poslist managed by the
-  ** fts5_index.c iterator object. This is much faster than synthesizing 
+  ** fts5_index.c iterator object. This is much faster than synthesizing
   ** a new poslist the way we have to for more complicated phrase or NEAR
   ** expressions.  */
   Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase = pNode->pNear->apPhrase[0];
@@ -202978,7 +214973,7 @@ static int fts5ExprNodeTest_TERM(
 ** xNext() method for a node of type FTS5_TERM.
 */
 static int fts5ExprNodeNext_TERM(
-  Fts5Expr *pExpr, 
+  Fts5Expr *pExpr,
   Fts5ExprNode *pNode,
   int bFromValid,
   i64 iFrom
@@ -203021,7 +215016,7 @@ static void fts5ExprNodeTest_OR(
 }
 
 static int fts5ExprNodeNext_OR(
-  Fts5Expr *pExpr, 
+  Fts5Expr *pExpr,
   Fts5ExprNode *pNode,
   int bFromValid,
   i64 iFrom
@@ -203033,7 +215028,7 @@ static int fts5ExprNodeNext_OR(
     Fts5ExprNode *p1 = pNode->apChild[i];
     assert( p1->bEof || fts5RowidCmp(pExpr, p1->iRowid, iLast)>=0 );
     if( p1->bEof==0 ){
-      if( (p1->iRowid==iLast) 
+      if( (p1->iRowid==iLast)
        || (bFromValid && fts5RowidCmp(pExpr, p1->iRowid, iFrom)<0)
       ){
         int rc = fts5ExprNodeNext(pExpr, p1, bFromValid, iFrom);
@@ -203105,7 +215100,7 @@ static int fts5ExprNodeTest_AND(
 }
 
 static int fts5ExprNodeNext_AND(
-  Fts5Expr *pExpr, 
+  Fts5Expr *pExpr,
   Fts5ExprNode *pNode,
   int bFromValid,
   i64 iFrom
@@ -203148,7 +215143,7 @@ static int fts5ExprNodeTest_NOT(
 }
 
 static int fts5ExprNodeNext_NOT(
-  Fts5Expr *pExpr, 
+  Fts5Expr *pExpr,
   Fts5ExprNode *pNode,
   int bFromValid,
   i64 iFrom
@@ -203205,7 +215200,7 @@ static int fts5ExprNodeTest(
   return rc;
 }
 
- 
+
 /*
 ** Set node pNode, which is part of expression pExpr, to point to the first
 ** match. If there are no matches, set the Node.bEof flag to indicate EOF.
@@ -203259,8 +215254,8 @@ static int fts5ExprNodeFirst(Fts5Expr *pExpr, Fts5ExprNode *pNode){
 
 /*
 ** Begin iterating through the set of documents in index pIdx matched by
-** the MATCH expression passed as the first argument. If the "bDesc" 
-** parameter is passed a non-zero value, iteration is in descending rowid 
+** the MATCH expression passed as the first argument. If the "bDesc"
+** parameter is passed a non-zero value, iteration is in descending rowid
 ** order. Or, if it is zero, in ascending order.
 **
 ** If iterating in ascending rowid order (bDesc==0), the first document
@@ -203282,9 +215277,9 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprFirst(Fts5Expr *p, Fts5Index *pIdx, i64 iFirst, int bD
 
   /* If not at EOF but the current rowid occurs earlier than iFirst in
   ** the iteration order, move to document iFirst or later. */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK 
-   && 0==pRoot->bEof 
-   && fts5RowidCmp(p, pRoot->iRowid, iFirst)<0 
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK
+   && 0==pRoot->bEof
+   && fts5RowidCmp(p, pRoot->iRowid, iFirst)<0
   ){
     rc = fts5ExprNodeNext(p, pRoot, 1, iFirst);
   }
@@ -203298,7 +215293,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprFirst(Fts5Expr *p, Fts5Index *pIdx, i64 iFirst, int bD
 }
 
 /*
-** Move to the next document 
+** Move to the next document
 **
 ** Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise. It
 ** is not considered an error if the query does not match any documents.
@@ -203386,18 +215381,20 @@ static Fts5ExprNearset *sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(
       return pNear;
     }
     if( pNear==0 ){
-      int nByte = sizeof(Fts5ExprNearset) + SZALLOC * sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase*);
-      pRet = sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+      sqlite3_int64 nByte;
+      nByte = sizeof(Fts5ExprNearset) + SZALLOC * sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase*);
+      pRet = sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
       if( pRet==0 ){
         pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }else{
-        memset(pRet, 0, nByte);
+        memset(pRet, 0, (size_t)nByte);
       }
     }else if( (pNear->nPhrase % SZALLOC)==0 ){
       int nNew = pNear->nPhrase + SZALLOC;
-      int nByte = sizeof(Fts5ExprNearset) + nNew * sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase*);
+      sqlite3_int64 nByte;
 
-      pRet = (Fts5ExprNearset*)sqlite3_realloc(pNear, nByte);
+      nByte = sizeof(Fts5ExprNearset) + nNew * sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase*);
+      pRet = (Fts5ExprNearset*)sqlite3_realloc64(pNear, nByte);
       if( pRet==0 ){
         pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }
@@ -203461,12 +215458,12 @@ static int fts5ParseTokenize(
 
   if( pPhrase && pPhrase->nTerm>0 && (tflags & FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) ){
     Fts5ExprTerm *pSyn;
-    int nByte = sizeof(Fts5ExprTerm) + sizeof(Fts5Buffer) + nToken+1;
-    pSyn = (Fts5ExprTerm*)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(Fts5ExprTerm) + sizeof(Fts5Buffer) + nToken+1;
+    pSyn = (Fts5ExprTerm*)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
     if( pSyn==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
-      memset(pSyn, 0, nByte);
+      memset(pSyn, 0, (size_t)nByte);
       pSyn->zTerm = ((char*)pSyn) + sizeof(Fts5ExprTerm) + sizeof(Fts5Buffer);
       memcpy(pSyn->zTerm, pToken, nToken);
       pSyn->pSynonym = pPhrase->aTerm[pPhrase->nTerm-1].pSynonym;
@@ -203478,7 +215475,7 @@ static int fts5ParseTokenize(
       Fts5ExprPhrase *pNew;
       int nNew = SZALLOC + (pPhrase ? pPhrase->nTerm : 0);
 
-      pNew = (Fts5ExprPhrase*)sqlite3_realloc(pPhrase, 
+      pNew = (Fts5ExprPhrase*)sqlite3_realloc64(pPhrase,
           sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase) + sizeof(Fts5ExprTerm) * nNew
       );
       if( pNew==0 ){
@@ -203528,6 +215525,20 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5ParseFinished(Fts5Parse *pParse, Fts5ExprNode *p){
   pParse->pExpr = p;
 }
 
+static int parseGrowPhraseArray(Fts5Parse *pParse){
+  if( (pParse->nPhrase % 8)==0 ){
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase*) * (pParse->nPhrase + 8);
+    Fts5ExprPhrase **apNew;
+    apNew = (Fts5ExprPhrase**)sqlite3_realloc64(pParse->apPhrase, nByte);
+    if( apNew==0 ){
+      pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+    pParse->apPhrase = apNew;
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
 /*
 ** This function is called by the parser to process a string token. The
 ** string may or may not be quoted. In any case it is tokenized and a
@@ -203563,16 +215574,9 @@ static Fts5ExprPhrase *sqlite3Fts5ParseTerm(
   }else{
 
     if( pAppend==0 ){
-      if( (pParse->nPhrase % 8)==0 ){
-        int nByte = sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase*) * (pParse->nPhrase + 8);
-        Fts5ExprPhrase **apNew;
-        apNew = (Fts5ExprPhrase**)sqlite3_realloc(pParse->apPhrase, nByte);
-        if( apNew==0 ){
-          pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-          fts5ExprPhraseFree(sCtx.pPhrase);
-          return 0;
-        }
-        pParse->apPhrase = apNew;
+      if( parseGrowPhraseArray(pParse) ){
+        fts5ExprPhraseFree(sCtx.pPhrase);
+        return 0;
       }
       pParse->nPhrase++;
     }
@@ -203595,8 +215599,8 @@ static Fts5ExprPhrase *sqlite3Fts5ParseTerm(
 ** expression passed as the second argument.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5ExprClonePhrase(
-  Fts5Expr *pExpr, 
-  int iPhrase, 
+  Fts5Expr *pExpr,
+  int iPhrase,
   Fts5Expr **ppNew
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
@@ -203607,24 +215611,26 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprClonePhrase(
   pOrig = pExpr->apExprPhrase[iPhrase];
   pNew = (Fts5Expr*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, sizeof(Fts5Expr));
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pNew->apExprPhrase = (Fts5ExprPhrase**)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, 
+    pNew->apExprPhrase = (Fts5ExprPhrase**)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc,
         sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase*));
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pNew->pRoot = (Fts5ExprNode*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, 
+    pNew->pRoot = (Fts5ExprNode*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc,
         sizeof(Fts5ExprNode));
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pNew->pRoot->pNear = (Fts5ExprNearset*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, 
+    pNew->pRoot->pNear = (Fts5ExprNearset*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc,
         sizeof(Fts5ExprNearset) + sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase*));
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     Fts5Colset *pColsetOrig = pOrig->pNode->pNear->pColset;
     if( pColsetOrig ){
-      int nByte = sizeof(Fts5Colset) + (pColsetOrig->nCol-1) * sizeof(int);
-      Fts5Colset *pColset = (Fts5Colset*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, nByte);
-      if( pColset ){ 
-        memcpy(pColset, pColsetOrig, nByte);
+      sqlite3_int64 nByte;
+      Fts5Colset *pColset;
+      nByte = sizeof(Fts5Colset) + (pColsetOrig->nCol-1) * sizeof(int);
+      pColset = (Fts5Colset*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, nByte);
+      if( pColset ){
+        memcpy(pColset, pColsetOrig, (size_t)nByte);
       }
       pNew->pRoot->pNear->pColset = pColset;
     }
@@ -203662,9 +215668,9 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprClonePhrase(
     pNew->pRoot->pNear->nPhrase = 1;
     sCtx.pPhrase->pNode = pNew->pRoot;
 
-    if( pOrig->nTerm==1 
-     && pOrig->aTerm[0].pSynonym==0 
-     && pOrig->aTerm[0].bFirst==0 
+    if( pOrig->nTerm==1
+     && pOrig->aTerm[0].pSynonym==0
+     && pOrig->aTerm[0].bFirst==0
     ){
       pNew->pRoot->eType = FTS5_TERM;
       pNew->pRoot->xNext = fts5ExprNodeNext_TERM;
@@ -203697,7 +215703,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5ParseNear(Fts5Parse *pParse, Fts5Token *pTok){
 }
 
 static void sqlite3Fts5ParseSetDistance(
-  Fts5Parse *pParse, 
+  Fts5Parse *pParse,
   Fts5ExprNearset *pNear,
   Fts5Token *p
 ){
@@ -203726,7 +215732,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5ParseSetDistance(
 ** The second argument passed to this function may be NULL, or it may be
 ** an existing Fts5Colset object. This function returns a pointer to
 ** a new colset object containing the contents of (p) with new value column
-** number iCol appended. 
+** number iCol appended.
 **
 ** If an OOM error occurs, store an error code in pParse and return NULL.
 ** The old colset object (if any) is not freed in this case.
@@ -203742,7 +215748,7 @@ static Fts5Colset *fts5ParseColset(
   assert( pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK );
   assert( iCol>=0 && iCol<pParse->pConfig->nCol );
 
-  pNew = sqlite3_realloc(p, sizeof(Fts5Colset) + sizeof(int)*nCol);
+  pNew = sqlite3_realloc64(p, sizeof(Fts5Colset) + sizeof(int)*nCol);
   if( pNew==0 ){
     pParse->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }else{
@@ -203776,7 +215782,7 @@ static Fts5Colset *sqlite3Fts5ParseColsetInvert(Fts5Parse *pParse, Fts5Colset *p
   Fts5Colset *pRet;
   int nCol = pParse->pConfig->nCol;
 
-  pRet = (Fts5Colset*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&pParse->rc, 
+  pRet = (Fts5Colset*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&pParse->rc,
       sizeof(Fts5Colset) + sizeof(int)*nCol
   );
   if( pRet ){
@@ -203829,7 +215835,7 @@ static Fts5Colset *sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(
 
 /*
 ** If argument pOrig is NULL, or if (*pRc) is set to anything other than
-** SQLITE_OK when this function is called, NULL is returned. 
+** SQLITE_OK when this function is called, NULL is returned.
 **
 ** Otherwise, a copy of (*pOrig) is made into memory obtained from
 ** sqlite3Fts5MallocZero() and a pointer to it returned. If the allocation
@@ -203838,10 +215844,10 @@ static Fts5Colset *sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(
 static Fts5Colset *fts5CloneColset(int *pRc, Fts5Colset *pOrig){
   Fts5Colset *pRet;
   if( pOrig ){
-    int nByte = sizeof(Fts5Colset) + (pOrig->nCol-1) * sizeof(int);
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(Fts5Colset) + (pOrig->nCol-1) * sizeof(int);
     pRet = (Fts5Colset*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(pRc, nByte);
-    if( pRet ){ 
-      memcpy(pRet, pOrig, nByte);
+    if( pRet ){
+      memcpy(pRet, pOrig, (size_t)nByte);
     }
   }else{
     pRet = 0;
@@ -203879,13 +215885,13 @@ static void fts5MergeColset(Fts5Colset *pColset, Fts5Colset *pMerge){
 ** zero, or it may create copies of pColset using fts5CloneColset().
 */
 static void fts5ParseSetColset(
-  Fts5Parse *pParse, 
-  Fts5ExprNode *pNode, 
+  Fts5Parse *pParse,
+  Fts5ExprNode *pNode,
   Fts5Colset *pColset,
   Fts5Colset **ppFree
 ){
   if( pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    assert( pNode->eType==FTS5_TERM || pNode->eType==FTS5_STRING 
+    assert( pNode->eType==FTS5_TERM || pNode->eType==FTS5_STRING
          || pNode->eType==FTS5_AND  || pNode->eType==FTS5_OR
          || pNode->eType==FTS5_NOT  || pNode->eType==FTS5_EOF
     );
@@ -203917,9 +215923,9 @@ static void fts5ParseSetColset(
 ** Apply colset pColset to expression node pExpr and all of its descendents.
 */
 static void sqlite3Fts5ParseSetColset(
-  Fts5Parse *pParse, 
-  Fts5ExprNode *pExpr, 
-  Fts5Colset *pColset 
+  Fts5Parse *pParse,
+  Fts5ExprNode *pExpr,
+  Fts5Colset *pColset
 ){
   Fts5Colset *pFree = pColset;
   if( pParse->pConfig->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ){
@@ -203937,7 +215943,7 @@ static void fts5ExprAssignXNext(Fts5ExprNode *pNode){
   switch( pNode->eType ){
     case FTS5_STRING: {
       Fts5ExprNearset *pNear = pNode->pNear;
-      if( pNear->nPhrase==1 && pNear->apPhrase[0]->nTerm==1 
+      if( pNear->nPhrase==1 && pNear->apPhrase[0]->nTerm==1
        && pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[0].pSynonym==0
        && pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[0].bFirst==0
       ){
@@ -203977,6 +215983,67 @@ static void fts5ExprAddChildren(Fts5ExprNode *p, Fts5ExprNode *pSub){
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** This function is used when parsing LIKE or GLOB patterns against
+** trigram indexes that specify either detail=column or detail=none.
+** It converts a phrase:
+**
+**     abc + def + ghi
+**
+** into an AND tree:
+**
+**     abc AND def AND ghi
+*/
+static Fts5ExprNode *fts5ParsePhraseToAnd(
+  Fts5Parse *pParse,
+  Fts5ExprNearset *pNear
+){
+  int nTerm = pNear->apPhrase[0]->nTerm;
+  int ii;
+  int nByte;
+  Fts5ExprNode *pRet;
+
+  assert( pNear->nPhrase==1 );
+  assert( pParse->bPhraseToAnd );
+
+  nByte = sizeof(Fts5ExprNode) + nTerm*sizeof(Fts5ExprNode*);
+  pRet = (Fts5ExprNode*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&pParse->rc, nByte);
+  if( pRet ){
+    pRet->eType = FTS5_AND;
+    pRet->nChild = nTerm;
+    fts5ExprAssignXNext(pRet);
+    pParse->nPhrase--;
+    for(ii=0; ii<nTerm; ii++){
+      Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase = (Fts5ExprPhrase*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(
+          &pParse->rc, sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase)
+      );
+      if( pPhrase ){
+        if( parseGrowPhraseArray(pParse) ){
+          fts5ExprPhraseFree(pPhrase);
+        }else{
+          pParse->apPhrase[pParse->nPhrase++] = pPhrase;
+          pPhrase->nTerm = 1;
+          pPhrase->aTerm[0].zTerm = sqlite3Fts5Strndup(
+              &pParse->rc, pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[ii].zTerm, -1
+          );
+          pRet->apChild[ii] = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_STRING,
+              0, 0, sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, pPhrase)
+          );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if( pParse->rc ){
+      sqlite3Fts5ParseNodeFree(pRet);
+      pRet = 0;
+    }else{
+      sqlite3Fts5ParseNearsetFree(pNear);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return pRet;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Allocate and return a new expression object. If anything goes wrong (i.e.
 ** OOM error), leave an error code in pParse and return NULL.
@@ -203992,8 +216059,8 @@ static Fts5ExprNode *sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(
 
   if( pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     int nChild = 0;               /* Number of children of returned node */
-    int nByte;                    /* Bytes of space to allocate for this node */
- 
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte;          /* Bytes of space to allocate for this node */
+
     assert( (eType!=FTS5_STRING && !pNear)
          || (eType==FTS5_STRING && !pLeft && !pRight)
     );
@@ -204001,51 +216068,58 @@ static Fts5ExprNode *sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(
     if( eType!=FTS5_STRING && pLeft==0 ) return pRight;
     if( eType!=FTS5_STRING && pRight==0 ) return pLeft;
 
-    if( eType==FTS5_NOT ){
-      nChild = 2;
-    }else if( eType==FTS5_AND || eType==FTS5_OR ){
-      nChild = 2;
-      if( pLeft->eType==eType ) nChild += pLeft->nChild-1;
-      if( pRight->eType==eType ) nChild += pRight->nChild-1;
-    }
+    if( eType==FTS5_STRING
+     && pParse->bPhraseToAnd
+     && pNear->apPhrase[0]->nTerm>1
+    ){
+      pRet = fts5ParsePhraseToAnd(pParse, pNear);
+    }else{
+      if( eType==FTS5_NOT ){
+        nChild = 2;
+      }else if( eType==FTS5_AND || eType==FTS5_OR ){
+        nChild = 2;
+        if( pLeft->eType==eType ) nChild += pLeft->nChild-1;
+        if( pRight->eType==eType ) nChild += pRight->nChild-1;
+      }
 
-    nByte = sizeof(Fts5ExprNode) + sizeof(Fts5ExprNode*)*(nChild-1);
-    pRet = (Fts5ExprNode*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&pParse->rc, nByte);
+      nByte = sizeof(Fts5ExprNode) + sizeof(Fts5ExprNode*)*(nChild-1);
+      pRet = (Fts5ExprNode*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&pParse->rc, nByte);
 
-    if( pRet ){
-      pRet->eType = eType;
-      pRet->pNear = pNear;
-      fts5ExprAssignXNext(pRet);
-      if( eType==FTS5_STRING ){
-        int iPhrase;
-        for(iPhrase=0; iPhrase<pNear->nPhrase; iPhrase++){
-          pNear->apPhrase[iPhrase]->pNode = pRet;
-          if( pNear->apPhrase[iPhrase]->nTerm==0 ){
-            pRet->xNext = 0;
-            pRet->eType = FTS5_EOF;
+      if( pRet ){
+        pRet->eType = eType;
+        pRet->pNear = pNear;
+        fts5ExprAssignXNext(pRet);
+        if( eType==FTS5_STRING ){
+          int iPhrase;
+          for(iPhrase=0; iPhrase<pNear->nPhrase; iPhrase++){
+            pNear->apPhrase[iPhrase]->pNode = pRet;
+            if( pNear->apPhrase[iPhrase]->nTerm==0 ){
+              pRet->xNext = 0;
+              pRet->eType = FTS5_EOF;
+            }
           }
-        }
 
-        if( pParse->pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
-          Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase = pNear->apPhrase[0];
-          if( pNear->nPhrase!=1 
-           || pPhrase->nTerm>1
-           || (pPhrase->nTerm>0 && pPhrase->aTerm[0].bFirst)
-          ){
-            assert( pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK );
-            pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-            assert( pParse->zErr==0 );
-            pParse->zErr = sqlite3_mprintf(
-                "fts5: %s queries are not supported (detail!=full)", 
-                pNear->nPhrase==1 ? "phrase": "NEAR"
-                );
-            sqlite3_free(pRet);
-            pRet = 0;
+          if( pParse->pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
+            Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase = pNear->apPhrase[0];
+            if( pNear->nPhrase!=1
+                || pPhrase->nTerm>1
+                || (pPhrase->nTerm>0 && pPhrase->aTerm[0].bFirst)
+              ){
+              assert( pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK );
+              pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+              assert( pParse->zErr==0 );
+              pParse->zErr = sqlite3_mprintf(
+                  "fts5: %s queries are not supported (detail!=full)",
+                  pNear->nPhrase==1 ? "phrase": "NEAR"
+                  );
+              sqlite3_free(pRet);
+              pRet = 0;
+            }
           }
+        }else{
+          fts5ExprAddChildren(pRet, pLeft);
+          fts5ExprAddChildren(pRet, pRight);
         }
-      }else{
-        fts5ExprAddChildren(pRet, pLeft);
-        fts5ExprAddChildren(pRet, pRight);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -204072,14 +216146,14 @@ static Fts5ExprNode *sqlite3Fts5ParseImplicitAnd(
     sqlite3Fts5ParseNodeFree(pRight);
   }else{
 
-    assert( pLeft->eType==FTS5_STRING 
+    assert( pLeft->eType==FTS5_STRING
         || pLeft->eType==FTS5_TERM
         || pLeft->eType==FTS5_EOF
         || pLeft->eType==FTS5_AND
     );
-    assert( pRight->eType==FTS5_STRING 
-        || pRight->eType==FTS5_TERM 
-        || pRight->eType==FTS5_EOF 
+    assert( pRight->eType==FTS5_STRING
+        || pRight->eType==FTS5_TERM
+        || pRight->eType==FTS5_EOF
     );
 
     if( pLeft->eType==FTS5_AND ){
@@ -204087,9 +216161,9 @@ static Fts5ExprNode *sqlite3Fts5ParseImplicitAnd(
     }else{
       pPrev = pLeft;
     }
-    assert( pPrev->eType==FTS5_STRING 
-        || pPrev->eType==FTS5_TERM 
-        || pPrev->eType==FTS5_EOF 
+    assert( pPrev->eType==FTS5_STRING
+        || pPrev->eType==FTS5_TERM
+        || pPrev->eType==FTS5_EOF
         );
 
     if( pRight->eType==FTS5_EOF ){
@@ -204124,7 +216198,7 @@ static Fts5ExprNode *sqlite3Fts5ParseImplicitAnd(
 }
 
 static char *fts5ExprTermPrint(Fts5ExprTerm *pTerm){
-  int nByte = 0;
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte = 0;
   Fts5ExprTerm *p;
   char *zQuoted;
 
@@ -204132,7 +216206,7 @@ static char *fts5ExprTermPrint(Fts5ExprTerm *pTerm){
   for(p=pTerm; p; p=p->pSynonym){
     nByte += (int)strlen(pTerm->zTerm) * 2 + 3 + 2;
   }
-  zQuoted = sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+  zQuoted = sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
 
   if( zQuoted ){
     int i = 0;
@@ -204171,20 +216245,20 @@ static char *fts5PrintfAppend(char *zApp, const char *zFmt, ...){
 }
 
 /*
-** Compose a tcl-readable representation of expression pExpr. Return a 
-** pointer to a buffer containing that representation. It is the 
-** responsibility of the caller to at some point free the buffer using 
+** Compose a tcl-readable representation of expression pExpr. Return a
+** pointer to a buffer containing that representation. It is the
+** responsibility of the caller to at some point free the buffer using
 ** sqlite3_free().
 */
 static char *fts5ExprPrintTcl(
-  Fts5Config *pConfig, 
+  Fts5Config *pConfig,
   const char *zNearsetCmd,
   Fts5ExprNode *pExpr
 ){
   char *zRet = 0;
   if( pExpr->eType==FTS5_STRING || pExpr->eType==FTS5_TERM ){
     Fts5ExprNearset *pNear = pExpr->pNear;
-    int i; 
+    int i;
     int iTerm;
 
     zRet = fts5PrintfAppend(zRet, "%s ", zNearsetCmd);
@@ -204234,9 +216308,9 @@ static char *fts5ExprPrintTcl(
     switch( pExpr->eType ){
       case FTS5_AND: zOp = "AND"; break;
       case FTS5_NOT: zOp = "NOT"; break;
-      default: 
+      default:
         assert( pExpr->eType==FTS5_OR );
-        zOp = "OR"; 
+        zOp = "OR";
         break;
     }
 
@@ -204262,12 +216336,21 @@ static char *fts5ExprPrint(Fts5Config *pConfig, Fts5ExprNode *pExpr){
   }else
   if( pExpr->eType==FTS5_STRING || pExpr->eType==FTS5_TERM ){
     Fts5ExprNearset *pNear = pExpr->pNear;
-    int i; 
+    int i;
     int iTerm;
 
     if( pNear->pColset ){
-      int iCol = pNear->pColset->aiCol[0];
-      zRet = fts5PrintfAppend(zRet, "%s : ", pConfig->azCol[iCol]);
+      int ii;
+      Fts5Colset *pColset = pNear->pColset;
+      if( pColset->nCol>1 ) zRet = fts5PrintfAppend(zRet, "{");
+      for(ii=0; ii<pColset->nCol; ii++){
+        zRet = fts5PrintfAppend(zRet, "%s%s",
+            pConfig->azCol[pColset->aiCol[ii]], ii==pColset->nCol-1 ? "" : " "
+        );
+      }
+      if( zRet ){
+        zRet = fts5PrintfAppend(zRet, "%s : ", pColset->nCol>1 ? "}" : "");
+      }
       if( zRet==0 ) return 0;
     }
 
@@ -204307,9 +216390,9 @@ static char *fts5ExprPrint(Fts5Config *pConfig, Fts5ExprNode *pExpr){
     switch( pExpr->eType ){
       case FTS5_AND: zOp = " AND "; break;
       case FTS5_NOT: zOp = " NOT "; break;
-      default:  
+      default:
         assert( pExpr->eType==FTS5_OR );
-        zOp = " OR "; 
+        zOp = " OR ";
         break;
     }
 
@@ -204321,7 +216404,7 @@ static char *fts5ExprPrint(Fts5Config *pConfig, Fts5ExprNode *pExpr){
       }else{
         int e = pExpr->apChild[i]->eType;
         int b = (e!=FTS5_STRING && e!=FTS5_TERM && e!=FTS5_EOF);
-        zRet = fts5PrintfAppend(zRet, "%s%s%z%s", 
+        zRet = fts5PrintfAppend(zRet, "%s%s%z%s",
             (i==0 ? "" : zOp),
             (b?"(":""), z, (b?")":"")
         );
@@ -204372,7 +216455,7 @@ static void fts5ExprFunction(
   }
 
   nConfig = 3 + (nArg-iArg);
-  azConfig = (const char**)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(char*) * nConfig);
+  azConfig = (const char**)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(char*) * nConfig);
   if( azConfig==0 ){
     sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
     return;
@@ -204381,14 +216464,16 @@ static void fts5ExprFunction(
   azConfig[1] = "main";
   azConfig[2] = "tbl";
   for(i=3; iArg<nArg; iArg++){
-    azConfig[i++] = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[iArg]);
+    const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[iArg]);
+    azConfig[i++] = (z ? z : "");
   }
 
   zExpr = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]);
+  if( zExpr==0 ) zExpr = "";
 
   rc = sqlite3Fts5ConfigParse(pGlobal, db, nConfig, azConfig, &pConfig, &zErr);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3Fts5ExprNew(pConfig, pConfig->nCol, zExpr, &pExpr, &zErr);
+    rc = sqlite3Fts5ExprNew(pConfig, 0, pConfig->nCol, zExpr, &pExpr, &zErr);
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     char *zText;
@@ -204437,7 +216522,7 @@ static void fts5ExprFunctionTcl(
 
 /*
 ** The implementation of an SQLite user-defined-function that accepts a
-** single integer as an argument. If the integer is an alpha-numeric 
+** single integer as an argument. If the integer is an alpha-numeric
 ** unicode code point, 1 is returned. Otherwise 0.
 */
 static void fts5ExprIsAlnum(
@@ -204448,7 +216533,7 @@ static void fts5ExprIsAlnum(
   int iCode;
   u8 aArr[32];
   if( nArg!=1 ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, 
+    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx,
         "wrong number of arguments to function fts5_isalnum", -1
     );
     return;
@@ -204458,7 +216543,7 @@ static void fts5ExprIsAlnum(
   sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCatParse("N*", aArr);
   sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCatParse("Co", aArr);
   iCode = sqlite3_value_int(apVal[0]);
-  sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, aArr[sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCategory(iCode)]);
+  sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, aArr[sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCategory((u32)iCode)]);
 }
 
 static void fts5ExprFold(
@@ -204467,7 +216552,7 @@ static void fts5ExprFold(
   sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Function arguments */
 ){
   if( nArg!=1 && nArg!=2 ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, 
+    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx,
         "wrong number of arguments to function fts5_fold", -1
     );
   }else{
@@ -204553,7 +216638,7 @@ struct Fts5PoslistPopulator {
 
 static Fts5PoslistPopulator *sqlite3Fts5ExprClearPoslists(Fts5Expr *pExpr, int bLive){
   Fts5PoslistPopulator *pRet;
-  pRet = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Fts5PoslistPopulator)*pExpr->nPhrase);
+  pRet = sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(Fts5PoslistPopulator)*pExpr->nPhrase);
   if( pRet ){
     int i;
     memset(pRet, 0, sizeof(Fts5PoslistPopulator)*pExpr->nPhrase);
@@ -204561,7 +216646,7 @@ static Fts5PoslistPopulator *sqlite3Fts5ExprClearPoslists(Fts5Expr *pExpr, int b
       Fts5Buffer *pBuf = &pExpr->apExprPhrase[i]->poslist;
       Fts5ExprNode *pNode = pExpr->apExprPhrase[i]->pNode;
       assert( pExpr->apExprPhrase[i]->nTerm==1 );
-      if( bLive && 
+      if( bLive &&
           (pBuf->n==0 || pNode->iRowid!=pExpr->pRoot->iRowid || pNode->bEof)
       ){
         pRet[i].bMiss = 1;
@@ -204628,9 +216713,9 @@ static int fts5ExprPopulatePoslistsCb(
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5ExprPopulatePoslists(
   Fts5Config *pConfig,
-  Fts5Expr *pExpr, 
+  Fts5Expr *pExpr,
   Fts5PoslistPopulator *aPopulator,
-  int iCol, 
+  int iCol,
   const char *z, int n
 ){
   int i;
@@ -204642,7 +216727,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprPopulatePoslists(
   for(i=0; i<pExpr->nPhrase; i++){
     Fts5ExprNode *pNode = pExpr->apExprPhrase[i]->pNode;
     Fts5Colset *pColset = pNode->pNear->pColset;
-    if( (pColset && 0==fts5ExprColsetTest(pColset, iCol)) 
+    if( (pColset && 0==fts5ExprColsetTest(pColset, iCol))
      || aPopulator[i].bMiss
     ){
       aPopulator[i].bOk = 0;
@@ -204651,7 +216736,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprPopulatePoslists(
     }
   }
 
-  return sqlite3Fts5Tokenize(pConfig, 
+  return sqlite3Fts5Tokenize(pConfig,
       FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT, z, n, (void*)&sCtx, fts5ExprPopulatePoslistsCb
   );
 }
@@ -204716,12 +216801,12 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5ExprCheckPoslists(Fts5Expr *pExpr, i64 iRowid){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is only called for detail=columns tables. 
+** This function is only called for detail=columns tables.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5ExprPhraseCollist(
-  Fts5Expr *pExpr, 
-  int iPhrase, 
-  const u8 **ppCollist, 
+  Fts5Expr *pExpr,
+  int iPhrase,
+  const u8 **ppCollist,
   int *pnCollist
 ){
   Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase = pExpr->apExprPhrase[iPhrase];
@@ -204731,8 +216816,8 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprPhraseCollist(
   assert( iPhrase>=0 && iPhrase<pExpr->nPhrase );
   assert( pExpr->pConfig->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_COLUMNS );
 
-  if( pNode->bEof==0 
-   && pNode->iRowid==pExpr->pRoot->iRowid 
+  if( pNode->bEof==0
+   && pNode->iRowid==pExpr->pRoot->iRowid
    && pPhrase->poslist.n>0
   ){
     Fts5ExprTerm *pTerm = &pPhrase->aTerm[0];
@@ -204753,7 +216838,6 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprPhraseCollist(
   return rc;
 }
 
-
 /*
 ** 2014 August 11
 **
@@ -204791,9 +216875,9 @@ struct Fts5Hash {
 };
 
 /*
-** Each entry in the hash table is represented by an object of the 
-** following type. Each object, its key (a nul-terminated string) and 
-** its current data are stored in a single memory allocation. The 
+** Each entry in the hash table is represented by an object of the
+** following type. Each object, its key (a nul-terminated string) and
+** its current data are stored in a single memory allocation. The
 ** key immediately follows the object in memory. The position list
 ** data immediately follows the key data in memory.
 **
@@ -204815,7 +216899,7 @@ struct Fts5Hash {
 struct Fts5HashEntry {
   Fts5HashEntry *pHashNext;       /* Next hash entry with same hash-key */
   Fts5HashEntry *pScanNext;       /* Next entry in sorted order */
-  
+
   int nAlloc;                     /* Total size of allocation */
   int iSzPoslist;                 /* Offset of space for 4-byte poslist size */
   int nData;                      /* Total bytes of data (incl. structure) */
@@ -204846,20 +216930,20 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5HashNew(Fts5Config *pConfig, Fts5Hash **ppNew, int *pnByte
   if( pNew==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }else{
-    int nByte;
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte;
     memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(Fts5Hash));
     pNew->pnByte = pnByte;
     pNew->eDetail = pConfig->eDetail;
 
     pNew->nSlot = 1024;
     nByte = sizeof(Fts5HashEntry*) * pNew->nSlot;
-    pNew->aSlot = (Fts5HashEntry**)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+    pNew->aSlot = (Fts5HashEntry**)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
     if( pNew->aSlot==0 ){
       sqlite3_free(pNew);
       *ppNew = 0;
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
-      memset(pNew->aSlot, 0, nByte);
+      memset(pNew->aSlot, 0, (size_t)nByte);
     }
   }
   return rc;
@@ -204921,7 +217005,7 @@ static int fts5HashResize(Fts5Hash *pHash){
   Fts5HashEntry **apNew;
   Fts5HashEntry **apOld = pHash->aSlot;
 
-  apNew = (Fts5HashEntry**)sqlite3_malloc(nNew*sizeof(Fts5HashEntry*));
+  apNew = (Fts5HashEntry**)sqlite3_malloc64(nNew*sizeof(Fts5HashEntry*));
   if( !apNew ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   memset(apNew, 0, nNew*sizeof(Fts5HashEntry*));
 
@@ -204943,19 +217027,25 @@ static int fts5HashResize(Fts5Hash *pHash){
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-static void fts5HashAddPoslistSize(Fts5Hash *pHash, Fts5HashEntry *p){
+static int fts5HashAddPoslistSize(
+  Fts5Hash *pHash,
+  Fts5HashEntry *p,
+  Fts5HashEntry *p2
+){
+  int nRet = 0;
   if( p->iSzPoslist ){
-    u8 *pPtr = (u8*)p;
+    u8 *pPtr = p2 ? (u8*)p2 : (u8*)p;
+    int nData = p->nData;
     if( pHash->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ){
-      assert( p->nData==p->iSzPoslist );
+      assert( nData==p->iSzPoslist );
       if( p->bDel ){
-        pPtr[p->nData++] = 0x00;
+        pPtr[nData++] = 0x00;
         if( p->bContent ){
-          pPtr[p->nData++] = 0x00;
+          pPtr[nData++] = 0x00;
         }
       }
     }else{
-      int nSz = (p->nData - p->iSzPoslist - 1);       /* Size in bytes */
+      int nSz = (nData - p->iSzPoslist - 1);       /* Size in bytes */
       int nPos = nSz*2 + p->bDel;                     /* Value of nPos field */
 
       assert( p->bDel==0 || p->bDel==1 );
@@ -204965,14 +217055,19 @@ static void fts5HashAddPoslistSize(Fts5Hash *pHash, Fts5HashEntry *p){
         int nByte = sqlite3Fts5GetVarintLen((u32)nPos);
         memmove(&pPtr[p->iSzPoslist + nByte], &pPtr[p->iSzPoslist + 1], nSz);
         sqlite3Fts5PutVarint(&pPtr[p->iSzPoslist], nPos);
-        p->nData += (nByte-1);
+        nData += (nByte-1);
       }
     }
 
-    p->iSzPoslist = 0;
-    p->bDel = 0;
-    p->bContent = 0;
+    nRet = nData - p->nData;
+    if( p2==0 ){
+      p->iSzPoslist = 0;
+      p->bDel = 0;
+      p->bContent = 0;
+      p->nData = nData;
+    }
   }
+  return nRet;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -204996,16 +217091,16 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5HashWrite(
   u8 *pPtr;
   int nIncr = 0;                  /* Amount to increment (*pHash->pnByte) by */
   int bNew;                       /* If non-delete entry should be written */
-  
+
   bNew = (pHash->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL);
 
   /* Attempt to locate an existing hash entry */
   iHash = fts5HashKey2(pHash->nSlot, (u8)bByte, (const u8*)pToken, nToken);
   for(p=pHash->aSlot[iHash]; p; p=p->pHashNext){
     char *zKey = fts5EntryKey(p);
-    if( zKey[0]==bByte 
+    if( zKey[0]==bByte
      && p->nKey==nToken
-     && memcmp(&zKey[1], pToken, nToken)==0 
+     && memcmp(&zKey[1], pToken, nToken)==0
     ){
       break;
     }
@@ -205015,7 +217110,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5HashWrite(
   if( p==0 ){
     /* Figure out how much space to allocate */
     char *zKey;
-    int nByte = sizeof(Fts5HashEntry) + (nToken+1) + 1 + 64;
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(Fts5HashEntry) + (nToken+1) + 1 + 64;
     if( nByte<128 ) nByte = 128;
 
     /* Grow the Fts5Hash.aSlot[] array if necessary. */
@@ -205026,10 +217121,10 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5HashWrite(
     }
 
     /* Allocate new Fts5HashEntry and add it to the hash table. */
-    p = (Fts5HashEntry*)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+    p = (Fts5HashEntry*)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
     if( !p ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
     memset(p, 0, sizeof(Fts5HashEntry));
-    p->nAlloc = nByte;
+    p->nAlloc = (int)nByte;
     zKey = fts5EntryKey(p);
     zKey[0] = bByte;
     memcpy(&zKey[1], pToken, nToken);
@@ -205051,11 +217146,10 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5HashWrite(
       p->iCol = (pHash->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ? 0 : -1);
     }
 
-    nIncr += p->nData;
   }else{
 
-    /* Appending to an existing hash-entry. Check that there is enough 
-    ** space to append the largest possible new entry. Worst case scenario 
+    /* Appending to an existing hash-entry. Check that there is enough
+    ** space to append the largest possible new entry. Worst case scenario
     ** is:
     **
     **     + 9 bytes for a new rowid,
@@ -205065,12 +217159,12 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5HashWrite(
     **     + 5 bytes for the new position offset (32-bit max).
     */
     if( (p->nAlloc - p->nData) < (9 + 4 + 1 + 3 + 5) ){
-      int nNew = p->nAlloc * 2;
+      sqlite3_int64 nNew = p->nAlloc * 2;
       Fts5HashEntry *pNew;
       Fts5HashEntry **pp;
-      pNew = (Fts5HashEntry*)sqlite3_realloc(p, nNew);
+      pNew = (Fts5HashEntry*)sqlite3_realloc64(p, nNew);
       if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      pNew->nAlloc = nNew;
+      pNew->nAlloc = (int)nNew;
       for(pp=&pHash->aSlot[iHash]; *pp!=p; pp=&(*pp)->pHashNext);
       *pp = pNew;
       p = pNew;
@@ -205084,8 +217178,9 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5HashWrite(
   /* If this is a new rowid, append the 4-byte size field for the previous
   ** entry, and the new rowid for this entry.  */
   if( iRowid!=p->iRowid ){
-    fts5HashAddPoslistSize(pHash, p);
-    p->nData += sqlite3Fts5PutVarint(&pPtr[p->nData], iRowid - p->iRowid);
+    u64 iDiff = (u64)iRowid - (u64)p->iRowid;
+    fts5HashAddPoslistSize(pHash, p, 0);
+    p->nData += sqlite3Fts5PutVarint(&pPtr[p->nData], iDiff);
     p->iRowid = iRowid;
     bNew = 1;
     p->iSzPoslist = p->nData;
@@ -205183,7 +217278,7 @@ static Fts5HashEntry *fts5HashEntryMerge(
 ** list.
 */
 static int fts5HashEntrySort(
-  Fts5Hash *pHash, 
+  Fts5Hash *pHash,
   const char *pTerm, int nTerm,   /* Query prefix, if any */
   Fts5HashEntry **ppSorted
 ){
@@ -205194,14 +217289,16 @@ static int fts5HashEntrySort(
   int i;
 
   *ppSorted = 0;
-  ap = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Fts5HashEntry*) * nMergeSlot);
+  ap = sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(Fts5HashEntry*) * nMergeSlot);
   if( !ap ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   memset(ap, 0, sizeof(Fts5HashEntry*) * nMergeSlot);
 
   for(iSlot=0; iSlot<pHash->nSlot; iSlot++){
     Fts5HashEntry *pIter;
     for(pIter=pHash->aSlot[iSlot]; pIter; pIter=pIter->pHashNext){
-      if( pTerm==0 || 0==memcmp(fts5EntryKey(pIter), pTerm, nTerm) ){
+      if( pTerm==0
+       || (pIter->nKey+1>=nTerm && 0==memcmp(fts5EntryKey(pIter), pTerm, nTerm))
+      ){
         Fts5HashEntry *pEntry = pIter;
         pEntry->pScanNext = 0;
         for(i=0; ap[i]; i++){
@@ -205229,8 +217326,9 @@ static int fts5HashEntrySort(
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5HashQuery(
   Fts5Hash *pHash,                /* Hash table to query */
+  int nPre,
   const char *pTerm, int nTerm,   /* Query term */
-  const u8 **ppDoclist,           /* OUT: Pointer to doclist for pTerm */
+  void **ppOut,                   /* OUT: Pointer to new object */
   int *pnDoclist                  /* OUT: Size of doclist in bytes */
 ){
   unsigned int iHash = fts5HashKey(pHash->nSlot, (const u8*)pTerm, nTerm);
@@ -205239,15 +217337,25 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5HashQuery(
 
   for(p=pHash->aSlot[iHash]; p; p=p->pHashNext){
     zKey = fts5EntryKey(p);
-    if( memcmp(zKey, pTerm, nTerm)==0 && zKey[nTerm]==0 ) break;
+    assert( p->nKey+1==(int)strlen(zKey) );
+    if( nTerm==p->nKey+1 && memcmp(zKey, pTerm, nTerm)==0 ) break;
   }
 
   if( p ){
-    fts5HashAddPoslistSize(pHash, p);
-    *ppDoclist = (const u8*)&zKey[nTerm+1];
-    *pnDoclist = p->nData - (sizeof(Fts5HashEntry) + nTerm + 1);
+    int nHashPre = sizeof(Fts5HashEntry) + nTerm + 1;
+    int nList = p->nData - nHashPre;
+    u8 *pRet = (u8*)(*ppOut = sqlite3_malloc64(nPre + nList + 10));
+    if( pRet ){
+      Fts5HashEntry *pFaux = (Fts5HashEntry*)&pRet[nPre-nHashPre];
+      memcpy(&pRet[nPre], &((u8*)p)[nHashPre], nList);
+      nList += fts5HashAddPoslistSize(pHash, p, pFaux);
+      *pnDoclist = nList;
+    }else{
+      *pnDoclist = 0;
+      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
   }else{
-    *ppDoclist = 0;
+    *ppOut = 0;
     *pnDoclist = 0;
   }
 
@@ -205280,7 +217388,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(
   if( (p = pHash->pScan) ){
     char *zKey = fts5EntryKey(p);
     int nTerm = (int)strlen(zKey);
-    fts5HashAddPoslistSize(pHash, p);
+    fts5HashAddPoslistSize(pHash, p, 0);
     *pzTerm = zKey;
     *ppDoclist = (const u8*)&zKey[nTerm+1];
     *pnDoclist = p->nData - (sizeof(Fts5HashEntry) + nTerm + 1);
@@ -205291,7 +217399,6 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(
   }
 }
 
-
 /*
 ** 2014 May 31
 **
@@ -205304,7 +217411,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(
 **
 ******************************************************************************
 **
-** Low level access to the FTS index stored in the database file. The 
+** Low level access to the FTS index stored in the database file. The
 ** routines in this file file implement all read and write access to the
 ** %_data table. Other parts of the system access this functionality via
 ** the interface defined in fts5Int.h.
@@ -205320,10 +217427,10 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(
 ** As well as the main term index, there may be up to 31 prefix indexes.
 ** The format is similar to FTS3/4, except that:
 **
-**   * all segment b-tree leaf data is stored in fixed size page records 
-**     (e.g. 1000 bytes). A single doclist may span multiple pages. Care is 
-**     taken to ensure it is possible to iterate in either direction through 
-**     the entries in a doclist, or to seek to a specific entry within a 
+**   * all segment b-tree leaf data is stored in fixed size page records
+**     (e.g. 1000 bytes). A single doclist may span multiple pages. Care is
+**     taken to ensure it is possible to iterate in either direction through
+**     the entries in a doclist, or to seek to a specific entry within a
 **     doclist, without loading it into memory.
 **
 **   * large doclists that span many pages have associated "doclist index"
@@ -205356,14 +217463,14 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(
 **     CREATE TABLE %_data(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, block BLOB);
 **
 ** , contains the following 5 types of records. See the comments surrounding
-** the FTS5_*_ROWID macros below for a description of how %_data rowids are 
+** the FTS5_*_ROWID macros below for a description of how %_data rowids are
 ** assigned to each fo them.
 **
 ** 1. Structure Records:
 **
 **   The set of segments that make up an index - the index structure - are
 **   recorded in a single record within the %_data table. The record consists
-**   of a single 32-bit configuration cookie value followed by a list of 
+**   of a single 32-bit configuration cookie value followed by a list of
 **   SQLite varints. If the FTS table features more than one index (because
 **   there are one or more prefix indexes), it is guaranteed that all share
 **   the same cookie value.
@@ -205395,7 +217502,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(
 **
 **   TERM/DOCLIST FORMAT:
 **
-**     Most of each segment leaf is taken up by term/doclist data. The 
+**     Most of each segment leaf is taken up by term/doclist data. The
 **     general format of term/doclist, starting with the first term
 **     on the leaf page, is:
 **
@@ -205438,7 +217545,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(
 **
 **   PAGE FORMAT
 **
-**     Each leaf page begins with a 4-byte header containing 2 16-bit 
+**     Each leaf page begins with a 4-byte header containing 2 16-bit
 **     unsigned integer fields in big-endian format. They are:
 **
 **       * The byte offset of the first rowid on the page, if it exists
@@ -205473,7 +217580,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(
 ** 5. Segment doclist indexes:
 **
 **   Doclist indexes are themselves b-trees, however they usually consist of
-**   a single leaf record only. The format of each doclist index leaf page 
+**   a single leaf record only. The format of each doclist index leaf page
 **   is:
 **
 **     * Flags byte. Bits are:
@@ -205483,8 +217590,8 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(
 **
 **     * First rowid on page indicated by previous field. As a varint.
 **
-**     * A list of varints, one for each subsequent termless page. A 
-**       positive delta if the termless page contains at least one rowid, 
+**     * A list of varints, one for each subsequent termless page. A
+**       positive delta if the termless page contains at least one rowid,
 **       or an 0x00 byte otherwise.
 **
 **   Internal doclist index nodes are:
@@ -205497,7 +217604,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(
 **     * Copy of first rowid on page indicated by previous field. As a varint.
 **
 **     * A list of delta-encoded varints - the first rowid on each subsequent
-**       child page. 
+**       child page.
 **
 */
 
@@ -205514,7 +217621,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(
 **
 ** Each segment has a unique non-zero 16-bit id.
 **
-** The rowid for each segment leaf is found by passing the segment id and 
+** The rowid for each segment leaf is found by passing the segment id and
 ** the leaf page number to the FTS5_SEGMENT_ROWID macro. Leaves are numbered
 ** sequentially starting from 1.
 */
@@ -205533,11 +217640,6 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(
 #define FTS5_SEGMENT_ROWID(segid, pgno)       fts5_dri(segid, 0, 0, pgno)
 #define FTS5_DLIDX_ROWID(segid, height, pgno) fts5_dri(segid, 1, height, pgno)
 
-/*
-** Maximum segments permitted in a single index 
-*/
-#define FTS5_MAX_SEGMENT 2000
-
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 static int sqlite3Fts5Corrupt() { return SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB; }
 #endif
@@ -205616,7 +217718,7 @@ struct Fts5DoclistIter {
 
 /*
 ** The contents of the "structure" record for each index are represented
-** using an Fts5Structure record in memory. Which uses instances of the 
+** using an Fts5Structure record in memory. Which uses instances of the
 ** other Fts5StructureXXX types as components.
 */
 struct Fts5StructureSegment {
@@ -205689,10 +217791,10 @@ struct Fts5CResult {
 **   Current leaf page number within segment.
 **
 ** iLeafOffset:
-**   Byte offset within the current leaf that is the first byte of the 
+**   Byte offset within the current leaf that is the first byte of the
 **   position list data (one byte passed the position-list size field).
 **   rowid field of the current entry. Usually this is the size field of the
-**   position list data. The exception is if the rowid for the current entry 
+**   position list data. The exception is if the rowid for the current entry
 **   is the last thing on the leaf page.
 **
 ** pLeaf:
@@ -205706,7 +217808,7 @@ struct Fts5CResult {
 **   Mask of FTS5_SEGITER_XXX values. Interpreted as follows:
 **
 **   FTS5_SEGITER_ONETERM:
-**     If set, set the iterator to point to EOF after the current doclist 
+**     If set, set the iterator to point to EOF after the current doclist
 **     has been exhausted. Do not proceed to the next term in the segment.
 **
 **   FTS5_SEGITER_REVERSE:
@@ -205735,7 +217837,7 @@ struct Fts5SegIter {
   /* Next method */
   void (*xNext)(Fts5Index*, Fts5SegIter*, int*);
 
-  /* The page and offset from which the current term was read. The offset 
+  /* The page and offset from which the current term was read. The offset
   ** is the offset of the first rowid in the current doclist.  */
   int iTermLeafPgno;
   int iTermLeafOffset;
@@ -205758,7 +217860,7 @@ struct Fts5SegIter {
 };
 
 /*
-** Argument is a pointer to an Fts5Data structure that contains a 
+** Argument is a pointer to an Fts5Data structure that contains a
 ** leaf page.
 */
 #define ASSERT_SZLEAF_OK(x) assert( \
@@ -205768,7 +217870,7 @@ struct Fts5SegIter {
 #define FTS5_SEGITER_ONETERM 0x01
 #define FTS5_SEGITER_REVERSE 0x02
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Argument is a pointer to an Fts5Data structure that contains a leaf
 ** page. This macro evaluates to true if the leaf contains no terms, or
 ** false if it contains at least one term.
@@ -205790,13 +217892,13 @@ struct Fts5SegIter {
 ** on empty segments.
 **
 ** The results of comparing segments aSeg[N] and aSeg[N+1], where N is an
-** even number, is stored in aFirst[(nSeg+N)/2]. The "result" of the 
+** even number, is stored in aFirst[(nSeg+N)/2]. The "result" of the
 ** comparison in this context is the index of the iterator that currently
 ** points to the smaller term/rowid combination. Iterators at EOF are
 ** considered to be greater than all other iterators.
 **
 ** aFirst[1] contains the index in aSeg[] of the iterator that points to
-** the smallest key overall. aFirst[0] is unused. 
+** the smallest key overall. aFirst[0] is unused.
 **
 ** poslist:
 **   Used by sqlite3Fts5IterPoslist() when the poslist needs to be buffered.
@@ -205806,7 +217908,6 @@ struct Fts5Iter {
   Fts5IndexIter base;             /* Base class containing output vars */
 
   Fts5Index *pIndex;              /* Index that owns this iterator */
-  Fts5Structure *pStruct;         /* Database structure for this iterator */
   Fts5Buffer poslist;             /* Buffer containing current poslist */
   Fts5Colset *pColset;            /* Restrict matches to these columns */
 
@@ -205859,7 +217960,7 @@ static void fts5PutU16(u8 *aOut, u16 iVal){
 
 static u16 fts5GetU16(const u8 *aIn){
   return ((u16)aIn[0] << 8) + aIn[1];
-} 
+}
 
 /*
 ** Allocate and return a buffer at least nByte bytes in size.
@@ -205867,7 +217968,7 @@ static u16 fts5GetU16(const u8 *aIn){
 ** If an OOM error is encountered, return NULL and set the error code in
 ** the Fts5Index handle passed as the first argument.
 */
-static void *fts5IdxMalloc(Fts5Index *p, int nByte){
+static void *fts5IdxMalloc(Fts5Index *p, sqlite3_int64 nByte){
   return sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&p->rc, nByte);
 }
 
@@ -205901,7 +218002,7 @@ static int fts5BufferCompareBlob(
 */
 static int fts5BufferCompare(Fts5Buffer *pLeft, Fts5Buffer *pRight){
   int nCmp = MIN(pLeft->n, pRight->n);
-  int res = memcmp(pLeft->p, pRight->p, nCmp);
+  int res = fts5Memcmp(pLeft->p, pRight->p, nCmp);
   return (res==0 ? (pLeft->n - pRight->n) : res);
 }
 
@@ -205914,7 +218015,7 @@ static int fts5LeafFirstTermOff(Fts5Data *pLeaf){
 /*
 ** Close the read-only blob handle, if it is open.
 */
-static void fts5CloseReader(Fts5Index *p){
+static void sqlite3Fts5IndexCloseReader(Fts5Index *p){
   if( p->pReader ){
     sqlite3_blob *pReader = p->pReader;
     p->pReader = 0;
@@ -205925,7 +218026,7 @@ static void fts5CloseReader(Fts5Index *p){
 /*
 ** Retrieve a record from the %_data table.
 **
-** If an error occurs, NULL is returned and an error left in the 
+** If an error occurs, NULL is returned and an error left in the
 ** Fts5Index object.
 */
 static Fts5Data *fts5DataRead(Fts5Index *p, i64 iRowid){
@@ -205943,16 +218044,16 @@ static Fts5Data *fts5DataRead(Fts5Index *p, i64 iRowid){
       assert( p->pReader==0 );
       p->pReader = pBlob;
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        fts5CloseReader(p);
+        sqlite3Fts5IndexCloseReader(p);
       }
       if( rc==SQLITE_ABORT ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
     }
 
-    /* If the blob handle is not open at this point, open it and seek 
+    /* If the blob handle is not open at this point, open it and seek
     ** to the requested entry.  */
     if( p->pReader==0 && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       Fts5Config *pConfig = p->pConfig;
-      rc = sqlite3_blob_open(pConfig->db, 
+      rc = sqlite3_blob_open(pConfig->db,
           pConfig->zDb, p->zDataTbl, "block", iRowid, 0, &p->pReader
       );
     }
@@ -205960,15 +218061,15 @@ static Fts5Data *fts5DataRead(Fts5Index *p, i64 iRowid){
     /* If either of the sqlite3_blob_open() or sqlite3_blob_reopen() calls
     ** above returned SQLITE_ERROR, return SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB instead.
     ** All the reasons those functions might return SQLITE_ERROR - missing
-    ** table, missing row, non-blob/text in block column - indicate 
+    ** table, missing row, non-blob/text in block column - indicate
     ** backing store corruption.  */
     if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR ) rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
 
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       u8 *aOut = 0;               /* Read blob data into this buffer */
       int nByte = sqlite3_blob_bytes(p->pReader);
-      int nAlloc = sizeof(Fts5Data) + nByte + FTS5_DATA_PADDING;
-      pRet = (Fts5Data*)sqlite3_malloc(nAlloc);
+      sqlite3_int64 nAlloc = sizeof(Fts5Data) + nByte + FTS5_DATA_PADDING;
+      pRet = (Fts5Data*)sqlite3_malloc64(nAlloc);
       if( pRet ){
         pRet->nn = nByte;
         aOut = pRet->p = (u8*)&pRet[1];
@@ -205984,6 +218085,8 @@ static Fts5Data *fts5DataRead(Fts5Index *p, i64 iRowid){
         pRet = 0;
       }else{
         /* TODO1: Fix this */
+        pRet->p[nByte] = 0x00;
+        pRet->p[nByte+1] = 0x00;
         pRet->szLeaf = fts5GetU16(&pRet->p[2]);
       }
     }
@@ -206006,7 +218109,7 @@ static void fts5DataRelease(Fts5Data *pData){
 static Fts5Data *fts5LeafRead(Fts5Index *p, i64 iRowid){
   Fts5Data *pRet = fts5DataRead(p, iRowid);
   if( pRet ){
-    if( pRet->szLeaf>pRet->nn ){
+    if( pRet->nn<4 || pRet->szLeaf>pRet->nn ){
       p->rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
       fts5DataRelease(pRet);
       pRet = 0;
@@ -206023,7 +218126,8 @@ static int fts5IndexPrepareStmt(
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     if( zSql ){
       p->rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->pConfig->db, zSql, -1,
-                                 SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, ppStmt, 0);
+          SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB,
+          ppStmt, 0);
     }else{
       p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }
@@ -206042,7 +218146,7 @@ static void fts5DataWrite(Fts5Index *p, i64 iRowid, const u8 *pData, int nData){
   if( p->pWriter==0 ){
     Fts5Config *pConfig = p->pConfig;
     fts5IndexPrepareStmt(p, &p->pWriter, sqlite3_mprintf(
-          "REPLACE INTO '%q'.'%q_data'(id, block) VALUES(?,?)", 
+          "REPLACE INTO '%q'.'%q_data'(id, block) VALUES(?,?)",
           pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName
     ));
     if( p->rc ) return;
@@ -206064,23 +218168,12 @@ static void fts5DataDelete(Fts5Index *p, i64 iFirst, i64 iLast){
   if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return;
 
   if( p->pDeleter==0 ){
-    int rc;
     Fts5Config *pConfig = p->pConfig;
     char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-        "DELETE FROM '%q'.'%q_data' WHERE id>=? AND id<=?", 
+        "DELETE FROM '%q'.'%q_data' WHERE id>=? AND id<=?",
           pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName
     );
-    if( zSql==0 ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }else{
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pConfig->db, zSql, -1,
-                              SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, &p->pDeleter, 0);
-      sqlite3_free(zSql);
-    }
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      p->rc = rc;
-      return;
-    }
+    if( fts5IndexPrepareStmt(p, &p->pDeleter, zSql) ) return;
   }
 
   sqlite3_bind_int64(p->pDeleter, 1, iFirst);
@@ -206111,7 +218204,7 @@ static void fts5DataRemoveSegment(Fts5Index *p, int iSegid){
 }
 
 /*
-** Release a reference to an Fts5Structure object returned by an earlier 
+** Release a reference to an Fts5Structure object returned by an earlier
 ** call to fts5StructureRead() or fts5StructureDecode().
 */
 static void fts5StructureRelease(Fts5Structure *pStruct){
@@ -206152,7 +218245,7 @@ static int fts5StructureDecode(
   int iLvl;
   int nLevel = 0;
   int nSegment = 0;
-  int nByte;                      /* Bytes of space to allocate at pRet */
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte;            /* Bytes of space to allocate at pRet */
   Fts5Structure *pRet = 0;        /* Structure object to return */
 
   /* Grab the cookie value */
@@ -206163,6 +218256,11 @@ static int fts5StructureDecode(
   ** structure record.  */
   i += fts5GetVarint32(&pData[i], nLevel);
   i += fts5GetVarint32(&pData[i], nSegment);
+  if( nLevel>FTS5_MAX_SEGMENT   || nLevel<0
+   || nSegment>FTS5_MAX_SEGMENT || nSegment<0
+  ){
+    return FTS5_CORRUPT;
+  }
   nByte = (
       sizeof(Fts5Structure) +                    /* Main structure */
       sizeof(Fts5StructureLevel) * (nLevel-1)    /* aLevel[] array */
@@ -206185,25 +218283,35 @@ static int fts5StructureDecode(
       }else{
         i += fts5GetVarint32(&pData[i], pLvl->nMerge);
         i += fts5GetVarint32(&pData[i], nTotal);
-        assert( nTotal>=pLvl->nMerge );
-        pLvl->aSeg = (Fts5StructureSegment*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, 
+        if( nTotal<pLvl->nMerge ) rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+        pLvl->aSeg = (Fts5StructureSegment*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc,
             nTotal * sizeof(Fts5StructureSegment)
         );
+        nSegment -= nTotal;
       }
 
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         pLvl->nSeg = nTotal;
         for(iSeg=0; iSeg<nTotal; iSeg++){
+          Fts5StructureSegment *pSeg = &pLvl->aSeg[iSeg];
           if( i>=nData ){
             rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
             break;
           }
-          i += fts5GetVarint32(&pData[i], pLvl->aSeg[iSeg].iSegid);
-          i += fts5GetVarint32(&pData[i], pLvl->aSeg[iSeg].pgnoFirst);
-          i += fts5GetVarint32(&pData[i], pLvl->aSeg[iSeg].pgnoLast);
+          i += fts5GetVarint32(&pData[i], pSeg->iSegid);
+          i += fts5GetVarint32(&pData[i], pSeg->pgnoFirst);
+          i += fts5GetVarint32(&pData[i], pSeg->pgnoLast);
+          if( pSeg->pgnoLast<pSeg->pgnoFirst ){
+            rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+            break;
+          }
         }
+        if( iLvl>0 && pLvl[-1].nMerge && nTotal==0 ) rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+        if( iLvl==nLevel-1 && pLvl->nMerge ) rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
       }
     }
+    if( nSegment!=0 && rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       fts5StructureRelease(pRet);
       pRet = 0;
@@ -206221,12 +218329,12 @@ static void fts5StructureAddLevel(int *pRc, Fts5Structure **ppStruct){
   if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
     Fts5Structure *pStruct = *ppStruct;
     int nLevel = pStruct->nLevel;
-    int nByte = (
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte = (
         sizeof(Fts5Structure) +                  /* Main structure */
         sizeof(Fts5StructureLevel) * (nLevel+1)  /* aLevel[] array */
     );
 
-    pStruct = sqlite3_realloc(pStruct, nByte);
+    pStruct = sqlite3_realloc64(pStruct, nByte);
     if( pStruct ){
       memset(&pStruct->aLevel[nLevel], 0, sizeof(Fts5StructureLevel));
       pStruct->nLevel++;
@@ -206242,19 +218350,19 @@ static void fts5StructureAddLevel(int *pRc, Fts5Structure **ppStruct){
 ** segments.
 */
 static void fts5StructureExtendLevel(
-  int *pRc, 
-  Fts5Structure *pStruct, 
-  int iLvl, 
-  int nExtra, 
+  int *pRc,
+  Fts5Structure *pStruct,
+  int iLvl,
+  int nExtra,
   int bInsert
 ){
   if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
     Fts5StructureLevel *pLvl = &pStruct->aLevel[iLvl];
     Fts5StructureSegment *aNew;
-    int nByte;
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte;
 
     nByte = (pLvl->nSeg + nExtra) * sizeof(Fts5StructureSegment);
-    aNew = sqlite3_realloc(pLvl->aSeg, nByte);
+    aNew = sqlite3_realloc64(pLvl->aSeg, nByte);
     if( aNew ){
       if( bInsert==0 ){
         memset(&aNew[pLvl->nSeg], 0, sizeof(Fts5StructureSegment) * nExtra);
@@ -206281,7 +218389,7 @@ static Fts5Structure *fts5StructureReadUncached(Fts5Index *p){
     /* TODO: Do we need this if the leaf-index is appended? Probably... */
     memset(&pData->p[pData->nn], 0, FTS5_DATA_PADDING);
     p->rc = fts5StructureDecode(pData->p, pData->nn, &iCookie, &pRet);
-    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && pConfig->iCookie!=iCookie ){
+    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && (pConfig->pgsz==0 || pConfig->iCookie!=iCookie) ){
       p->rc = sqlite3Fts5ConfigLoad(pConfig, iCookie);
     }
     fts5DataRelease(pData);
@@ -206299,7 +218407,7 @@ static i64 fts5IndexDataVersion(Fts5Index *p){
 
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     if( p->pDataVersion==0 ){
-      p->rc = fts5IndexPrepareStmt(p, &p->pDataVersion, 
+      p->rc = fts5IndexPrepareStmt(p, &p->pDataVersion,
           sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA %Q.data_version", p->pConfig->zDb)
           );
       if( p->rc ) return 0;
@@ -206318,7 +218426,7 @@ static i64 fts5IndexDataVersion(Fts5Index *p){
 ** Read, deserialize and return the structure record.
 **
 ** The Fts5Structure.aLevel[] and each Fts5StructureLevel.aSeg[] array
-** are over-allocated as described for function fts5StructureDecode() 
+** are over-allocated as described for function fts5StructureDecode()
 ** above.
 **
 ** If an error occurs, NULL is returned and an error code left in the
@@ -206467,8 +218575,8 @@ static int fts5SegmentSize(Fts5StructureSegment *pSeg){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return a copy of index structure pStruct. Except, promote as many 
-** segments as possible to level iPromote. If an OOM occurs, NULL is 
+** Return a copy of index structure pStruct. Except, promote as many
+** segments as possible to level iPromote. If an OOM occurs, NULL is
 ** returned.
 */
 static void fts5StructurePromoteTo(
@@ -206508,8 +218616,8 @@ static void fts5StructurePromoteTo(
 **
 **   b) If the segment just written is larger than the newest segment on
 **      the next populated level, then that segment, and any other adjacent
-**      segments that are also smaller than the one just written, are 
-**      promoted. 
+**      segments that are also smaller than the one just written, are
+**      promoted.
 **
 ** If one or more segments are promoted, the structure object is updated
 ** to reflect this.
@@ -206543,7 +218651,7 @@ static void fts5StructurePromote(
         if( sz>szMax ) szMax = sz;
       }
       if( szMax>=szSeg ){
-        /* Condition (a) is true. Promote the newest segment on level 
+        /* Condition (a) is true. Promote the newest segment on level
         ** iLvl to level iTst.  */
         iPromote = iTst;
         szPromote = szMax;
@@ -206562,7 +218670,7 @@ static void fts5StructurePromote(
 
 
 /*
-** Advance the iterator passed as the only argument. If the end of the 
+** Advance the iterator passed as the only argument. If the end of the
 ** doclist-index page is reached, return non-zero.
 */
 static int fts5DlidxLvlNext(Fts5DlidxLvl *pLvl){
@@ -206577,7 +218685,7 @@ static int fts5DlidxLvlNext(Fts5DlidxLvl *pLvl){
   }else{
     int iOff;
     for(iOff=pLvl->iOff; iOff<pData->nn; iOff++){
-      if( pData->p[iOff] ) break; 
+      if( pData->p[iOff] ) break;
     }
 
     if( iOff<pData->nn ){
@@ -206607,7 +218715,7 @@ static int fts5DlidxIterNextR(Fts5Index *p, Fts5DlidxIter *pIter, int iLvl){
       if( pLvl[1].bEof==0 ){
         fts5DataRelease(pLvl->pData);
         memset(pLvl, 0, sizeof(Fts5DlidxLvl));
-        pLvl->pData = fts5DataRead(p, 
+        pLvl->pData = fts5DataRead(p,
             FTS5_DLIDX_ROWID(pIter->iSegid, iLvl, pLvl[1].iLeafPgno)
         );
         if( pLvl->pData ) fts5DlidxLvlNext(pLvl);
@@ -206627,7 +218735,7 @@ static int fts5DlidxIterNext(Fts5Index *p, Fts5DlidxIter *pIter){
 ** points to the first rowid in the doclist-index.
 **
 **   pData:
-**     pointer to doclist-index record, 
+**     pointer to doclist-index record,
 **
 ** When this function is called pIter->iLeafPgno is the page number the
 ** doclist is associated with (the one featuring the term).
@@ -206658,7 +218766,7 @@ static void fts5DlidxIterLast(Fts5Index *p, Fts5DlidxIter *pIter){
       Fts5DlidxLvl *pChild = &pLvl[-1];
       fts5DataRelease(pChild->pData);
       memset(pChild, 0, sizeof(Fts5DlidxLvl));
-      pChild->pData = fts5DataRead(p, 
+      pChild->pData = fts5DataRead(p,
           FTS5_DLIDX_ROWID(pIter->iSegid, i-1, pLvl->iLeafPgno)
       );
     }
@@ -206681,8 +218789,8 @@ static int fts5DlidxLvlPrev(Fts5DlidxLvl *pLvl){
     int ii;
     int nZero = 0;
 
-    /* Currently iOff points to the first byte of a varint. This block 
-    ** decrements iOff until it points to the first byte of the previous 
+    /* Currently iOff points to the first byte of a varint. This block
+    ** decrements iOff until it points to the first byte of the previous
     ** varint. Taking care not to read any memory locations that occur
     ** before the buffer in memory.  */
     iLimit = (iOff>9 ? iOff-9 : 0);
@@ -206727,7 +218835,7 @@ static int fts5DlidxIterPrevR(Fts5Index *p, Fts5DlidxIter *pIter, int iLvl){
       if( pLvl[1].bEof==0 ){
         fts5DataRelease(pLvl->pData);
         memset(pLvl, 0, sizeof(Fts5DlidxLvl));
-        pLvl->pData = fts5DataRead(p, 
+        pLvl->pData = fts5DataRead(p,
             FTS5_DLIDX_ROWID(pIter->iSegid, iLvl, pLvl[1].iLeafPgno)
         );
         if( pLvl->pData ){
@@ -206768,10 +218876,10 @@ static Fts5DlidxIter *fts5DlidxIterInit(
   int bDone = 0;
 
   for(i=0; p->rc==SQLITE_OK && bDone==0; i++){
-    int nByte = sizeof(Fts5DlidxIter) + i * sizeof(Fts5DlidxLvl);
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(Fts5DlidxIter) + i * sizeof(Fts5DlidxLvl);
     Fts5DlidxIter *pNew;
 
-    pNew = (Fts5DlidxIter*)sqlite3_realloc(pIter, nByte);
+    pNew = (Fts5DlidxIter*)sqlite3_realloc64(pIter, nByte);
     if( pNew==0 ){
       p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
@@ -206826,7 +218934,7 @@ static void fts5SegIterNextPage(
     pIter->pLeaf = pIter->pNextLeaf;
     pIter->pNextLeaf = 0;
   }else if( pIter->iLeafPgno<=pSeg->pgnoLast ){
-    pIter->pLeaf = fts5LeafRead(p, 
+    pIter->pLeaf = fts5LeafRead(p,
         FTS5_SEGMENT_ROWID(pSeg->iSegid, pIter->iLeafPgno)
     );
   }else{
@@ -206870,7 +218978,7 @@ static int fts5GetPoslistSize(const u8 *p, int *pnSz, int *pbDel){
 **   Fts5SegIter.nPos
 **   Fts5SegIter.bDel
 **
-** Leave Fts5SegIter.iLeafOffset pointing to the first byte of the 
+** Leave Fts5SegIter.iLeafOffset pointing to the first byte of the
 ** position list content (if any).
 */
 static void fts5SegIterLoadNPos(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegIter *pIter){
@@ -206921,7 +219029,7 @@ static void fts5SegIterLoadRowid(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegIter *pIter){
 }
 
 /*
-** Fts5SegIter.iLeafOffset currently points to the first byte of the 
+** Fts5SegIter.iLeafOffset currently points to the first byte of the
 ** "nSuffix" field of a term. Function parameter nKeep contains the value
 ** of the "nPrefix" field (if there was one - it is passed 0 if this is
 ** the first term in the segment).
@@ -206932,7 +219040,7 @@ static void fts5SegIterLoadRowid(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegIter *pIter){
 **   Fts5SegIter.rowid
 **
 ** accordingly and leaves (Fts5SegIter.iLeafOffset) set to the content of
-** the first position list. The position list belonging to document 
+** the first position list. The position list belonging to document
 ** (Fts5SegIter.iRowid).
 */
 static void fts5SegIterLoadTerm(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegIter *pIter, int nKeep){
@@ -206941,12 +219049,13 @@ static void fts5SegIterLoadTerm(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegIter *pIter, int nKeep){
   int nNew;                       /* Bytes of new data */
 
   iOff += fts5GetVarint32(&a[iOff], nNew);
-  if( iOff+nNew>pIter->pLeaf->nn ){
+  if( iOff+nNew>pIter->pLeaf->szLeaf || nKeep>pIter->term.n || nNew==0 ){
     p->rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
     return;
   }
   pIter->term.n = nKeep;
   fts5BufferAppendBlob(&p->rc, &pIter->term, nNew, &a[iOff]);
+  assert( pIter->term.n<=pIter->term.nSpace );
   iOff += nNew;
   pIter->iTermLeafOffset = iOff;
   pIter->iTermLeafPgno = pIter->iLeafPgno;
@@ -206979,10 +219088,10 @@ static void fts5SegIterSetNext(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegIter *pIter){
 
 /*
 ** Initialize the iterator object pIter to iterate through the entries in
-** segment pSeg. The iterator is left pointing to the first entry when 
+** segment pSeg. The iterator is left pointing to the first entry when
 ** this function returns.
 **
-** If an error occurs, Fts5Index.rc is set to an appropriate error code. If 
+** If an error occurs, Fts5Index.rc is set to an appropriate error code. If
 ** an error has already occurred when this function is called, it is a no-op.
 */
 static void fts5SegIterInit(
@@ -207011,7 +219120,7 @@ static void fts5SegIterInit(
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     pIter->iLeafOffset = 4;
     assert_nc( pIter->pLeaf->nn>4 );
-    assert( fts5LeafFirstTermOff(pIter->pLeaf)==4 );
+    assert_nc( fts5LeafFirstTermOff(pIter->pLeaf)==4 );
     pIter->iPgidxOff = pIter->pLeaf->szLeaf+1;
     fts5SegIterLoadTerm(p, pIter, 0);
     fts5SegIterLoadNPos(p, pIter);
@@ -207027,8 +219136,8 @@ static void fts5SegIterInit(
 ** the position-list size field for the first relevant rowid on the page.
 ** Fts5SegIter.rowid is set, but nPos and bDel are not.
 **
-** This function advances the iterator so that it points to the last 
-** relevant rowid on the page and, if necessary, initializes the 
+** This function advances the iterator so that it points to the last
+** relevant rowid on the page and, if necessary, initializes the
 ** aRowidOffset[] and iRowidOffset variables. At this point the iterator
 ** is in its regular state - Fts5SegIter.iLeafOffset points to the first
 ** byte of the position list content associated with said rowid.
@@ -207046,7 +219155,7 @@ static void fts5SegIterReverseInitPage(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegIter *pIter){
 
   ASSERT_SZLEAF_OK(pIter->pLeaf);
   while( 1 ){
-    i64 iDelta = 0;
+    u64 iDelta = 0;
 
     if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ){
       /* todo */
@@ -207061,13 +219170,13 @@ static void fts5SegIterReverseInitPage(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegIter *pIter){
       i += nPos;
     }
     if( i>=n ) break;
-    i += fts5GetVarint(&a[i], (u64*)&iDelta);
+    i += fts5GetVarint(&a[i], &iDelta);
     pIter->iRowid += iDelta;
 
     /* If necessary, grow the pIter->aRowidOffset[] array. */
     if( iRowidOffset>=pIter->nRowidOffset ){
       int nNew = pIter->nRowidOffset + 8;
-      int *aNew = (int*)sqlite3_realloc(pIter->aRowidOffset, nNew*sizeof(int));
+      int *aNew = (int*)sqlite3_realloc64(pIter->aRowidOffset,nNew*sizeof(int));
       if( aNew==0 ){
         p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
         break;
@@ -207160,7 +219269,7 @@ static void fts5SegIterNext_Reverse(
   if( pIter->iRowidOffset>0 ){
     u8 *a = pIter->pLeaf->p;
     int iOff;
-    i64 iDelta;
+    u64 iDelta;
 
     pIter->iRowidOffset--;
     pIter->iLeafOffset = pIter->aRowidOffset[pIter->iRowidOffset];
@@ -207169,7 +219278,7 @@ static void fts5SegIterNext_Reverse(
     if( p->pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ){
       iOff += pIter->nPos;
     }
-    fts5GetVarint(&a[iOff], (u64*)&iDelta);
+    fts5GetVarint(&a[iOff], &iDelta);
     pIter->iRowid -= iDelta;
   }else{
     fts5SegIterReverseNewPage(p, pIter);
@@ -207248,10 +219357,10 @@ static void fts5SegIterNext_None(
 
 
 /*
-** Advance iterator pIter to the next entry. 
+** Advance iterator pIter to the next entry.
 **
-** If an error occurs, Fts5Index.rc is set to an appropriate error code. It 
-** is not considered an error if the iterator reaches EOF. If an error has 
+** If an error occurs, Fts5Index.rc is set to an appropriate error code. It
+** is not considered an error if the iterator reaches EOF. If an error has
 ** already occurred when this function is called, it is a no-op.
 */
 static void fts5SegIterNext(
@@ -207362,7 +219471,7 @@ static void fts5SegIterNext(
     }else{
       /* The following could be done by calling fts5SegIterLoadNPos(). But
       ** this block is particularly performance critical, so equivalent
-      ** code is inlined. 
+      ** code is inlined.
       **
       ** Later: Switched back to fts5SegIterLoadNPos() because it supports
       ** detail=none mode. Not ideal.
@@ -207442,7 +219551,7 @@ static void fts5SegIterReverse(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegIter *pIter){
   }
 
   /* If pLast is NULL at this point, then the last rowid for this doclist
-  ** lies on the page currently indicated by the iterator. In this case 
+  ** lies on the page currently indicated by the iterator. In this case
   ** pIter->iLeafOffset is already set to point to the position-list size
   ** field associated with the first relevant rowid on the page.
   **
@@ -207472,8 +219581,8 @@ static void fts5SegIterReverse(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegIter *pIter){
 
 /*
 ** Iterator pIter currently points to the first rowid of a doclist.
-** There is a doclist-index associated with the final term on the current 
-** page. If the current term is the last term on the page, load the 
+** There is a doclist-index associated with the final term on the current
+** page. If the current term is the last term on the page, load the
 ** doclist-index from disk and initialize an iterator at (pIter->pDlidx).
 */
 static void fts5SegIterLoadDlidx(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegIter *pIter){
@@ -207487,8 +219596,8 @@ static void fts5SegIterLoadDlidx(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegIter *pIter){
   /* Check if the current doclist ends on this page. If it does, return
   ** early without loading the doclist-index (as it belongs to a different
   ** term. */
-  if( pIter->iTermLeafPgno==pIter->iLeafPgno 
-   && pIter->iEndofDoclist<pLeaf->szLeaf 
+  if( pIter->iTermLeafPgno==pIter->iLeafPgno
+   && pIter->iEndofDoclist<pLeaf->szLeaf
   ){
     return;
   }
@@ -207521,10 +219630,10 @@ static void fts5LeafSeek(
   int szLeaf = pIter->pLeaf->szLeaf;
   int n = pIter->pLeaf->nn;
 
-  int nMatch = 0;
-  int nKeep = 0;
-  int nNew = 0;
-  int iTermOff;
+  u32 nMatch = 0;
+  u32 nKeep = 0;
+  u32 nNew = 0;
+  u32 iTermOff;
   int iPgidx;                     /* Current offset in pgidx */
   int bEndOfPage = 0;
 
@@ -207548,15 +219657,15 @@ static void fts5LeafSeek(
 
     assert( nKeep>=nMatch );
     if( nKeep==nMatch ){
-      int nCmp;
-      int i;
-      nCmp = MIN(nNew, nTerm-nMatch);
+      u32 nCmp;
+      u32 i;
+      nCmp = (u32)MIN(nNew, nTerm-nMatch);
       for(i=0; i<nCmp; i++){
         if( a[iOff+i]!=pTerm[nMatch+i] ) break;
       }
       nMatch += i;
 
-      if( nTerm==nMatch ){
+      if( (u32)nTerm==nMatch ){
         if( i==nNew ){
           goto search_success;
         }else{
@@ -207600,6 +219709,7 @@ static void fts5LeafSeek(
         iPgidx += fts5GetVarint32(&pIter->pLeaf->p[iPgidx], iOff);
         if( iOff<4 || iOff>=pIter->pLeaf->szLeaf ){
           p->rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+          return;
         }else{
           nKeep = 0;
           iTermOff = iOff;
@@ -207612,7 +219722,10 @@ static void fts5LeafSeek(
   }
 
  search_success:
-
+  if( (i64)iOff+nNew>n || nNew<1 ){
+    p->rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+    return;
+  }
   pIter->iLeafOffset = iOff + nNew;
   pIter->iTermLeafOffset = pIter->iLeafOffset;
   pIter->iTermLeafPgno = pIter->iLeafPgno;
@@ -207649,7 +219762,7 @@ static sqlite3_stmt *fts5IdxSelectStmt(Fts5Index *p){
 ** Initialize the object pIter to point to term pTerm/nTerm within segment
 ** pSeg. If there is no such term in the index, the iterator is set to EOF.
 **
-** If an error occurs, Fts5Index.rc is set to an appropriate error code. If 
+** If an error occurs, Fts5Index.rc is set to an appropriate error code. If
 ** an error has already occurred when this function is called, it is a no-op.
 */
 static void fts5SegIterSeekInit(
@@ -207720,7 +219833,7 @@ static void fts5SegIterSeekInit(
   **   4) the FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCAN flag was set and the iterator points
   **      to an entry with a term greater than or equal to (pTerm/nTerm).
   */
-  assert( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK                                          /* 1 */
+  assert_nc( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK                                       /* 1 */
    || pIter->pLeaf==0                                               /* 2 */
    || fts5BufferCompareBlob(&pIter->term, pTerm, nTerm)==0          /* 3 */
    || (bGe && fts5BufferCompareBlob(&pIter->term, pTerm, nTerm)>0)  /* 4 */
@@ -207729,10 +219842,10 @@ static void fts5SegIterSeekInit(
 
 /*
 ** Initialize the object pIter to point to term pTerm/nTerm within the
-** in-memory hash table. If there is no such term in the hash-table, the 
+** in-memory hash table. If there is no such term in the hash-table, the
 ** iterator is set to EOF.
 **
-** If an error occurs, Fts5Index.rc is set to an appropriate error code. If 
+** If an error occurs, Fts5Index.rc is set to an appropriate error code. If
 ** an error has already occurred when this function is called, it is a no-op.
 */
 static void fts5SegIterHashInit(
@@ -207741,31 +219854,40 @@ static void fts5SegIterHashInit(
   int flags,                      /* Mask of FTS5INDEX_XXX flags */
   Fts5SegIter *pIter              /* Object to populate */
 ){
-  const u8 *pList = 0;
   int nList = 0;
   const u8 *z = 0;
   int n = 0;
+  Fts5Data *pLeaf = 0;
 
   assert( p->pHash );
   assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK );
 
   if( pTerm==0 || (flags & FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCAN) ){
+    const u8 *pList = 0;
+
     p->rc = sqlite3Fts5HashScanInit(p->pHash, (const char*)pTerm, nTerm);
     sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(p->pHash, (const char**)&z, &pList, &nList);
     n = (z ? (int)strlen((const char*)z) : 0);
+    if( pList ){
+      pLeaf = fts5IdxMalloc(p, sizeof(Fts5Data));
+      if( pLeaf ){
+        pLeaf->p = (u8*)pList;
+      }
+    }
   }else{
-    pIter->flags |= FTS5_SEGITER_ONETERM;
-    sqlite3Fts5HashQuery(p->pHash, (const char*)pTerm, nTerm, &pList, &nList);
+    p->rc = sqlite3Fts5HashQuery(p->pHash, sizeof(Fts5Data),
+        (const char*)pTerm, nTerm, (void**)&pLeaf, &nList
+    );
+    if( pLeaf ){
+      pLeaf->p = (u8*)&pLeaf[1];
+    }
     z = pTerm;
     n = nTerm;
+    pIter->flags |= FTS5_SEGITER_ONETERM;
   }
 
-  if( pList ){
-    Fts5Data *pLeaf;
+  if( pLeaf ){
     sqlite3Fts5BufferSet(&p->rc, &pIter->term, n, z);
-    pLeaf = fts5IdxMalloc(p, sizeof(Fts5Data));
-    if( pLeaf==0 ) return;
-    pLeaf->p = (u8*)pList;
     pLeaf->nn = pLeaf->szLeaf = nList;
     pIter->pLeaf = pLeaf;
     pIter->iLeafOffset = fts5GetVarint(pLeaf->p, (u64*)&pIter->iRowid);
@@ -207803,7 +219925,7 @@ static void fts5SegIterClear(Fts5SegIter *pIter){
 ** two iterators.
 */
 static void fts5AssertComparisonResult(
-  Fts5Iter *pIter, 
+  Fts5Iter *pIter,
   Fts5SegIter *p1,
   Fts5SegIter *p2,
   Fts5CResult *pRes
@@ -207818,7 +219940,7 @@ static void fts5AssertComparisonResult(
       assert( pRes->iFirst==i1 );
     }else{
       int nMin = MIN(p1->term.n, p2->term.n);
-      int res = memcmp(p1->term.p, p2->term.p, nMin);
+      int res = fts5Memcmp(p1->term.p, p2->term.p, nMin);
       if( res==0 ) res = p1->term.n - p2->term.n;
 
       if( res==0 ){
@@ -207840,7 +219962,7 @@ static void fts5AssertComparisonResult(
 
 /*
 ** This function is a no-op unless SQLITE_DEBUG is defined when this module
-** is compiled. In that case, this function is essentially an assert() 
+** is compiled. In that case, this function is essentially an assert()
 ** statement used to verify that the contents of the pIter->aFirst[] array
 ** are correct.
 */
@@ -207854,9 +219976,9 @@ static void fts5AssertMultiIterSetup(Fts5Index *p, Fts5Iter *pIter){
     /* Check that pIter->iSwitchRowid is set correctly. */
     for(i=0; i<pIter->nSeg; i++){
       Fts5SegIter *p1 = &pIter->aSeg[i];
-      assert( p1==pFirst 
-           || p1->pLeaf==0 
-           || fts5BufferCompare(&pFirst->term, &p1->term) 
+      assert( p1==pFirst
+           || p1->pLeaf==0
+           || fts5BufferCompare(&pFirst->term, &p1->term)
            || p1->iRowid==pIter->iSwitchRowid
            || (p1->iRowid<pIter->iSwitchRowid)==pIter->bRev
       );
@@ -207886,7 +220008,7 @@ static void fts5AssertMultiIterSetup(Fts5Index *p, Fts5Iter *pIter){
 **
 ** If the returned value is non-zero, then it is the index of an entry
 ** in the pIter->aSeg[] array that is (a) not at EOF, and (b) pointing
-** to a key that is a duplicate of another, higher priority, 
+** to a key that is a duplicate of another, higher priority,
 ** segment-iterator in the pSeg->aSeg[] array.
 */
 static int fts5MultiIterDoCompare(Fts5Iter *pIter, int iOut){
@@ -207918,8 +220040,8 @@ static int fts5MultiIterDoCompare(Fts5Iter *pIter, int iOut){
   }else{
     int res = fts5BufferCompare(&p1->term, &p2->term);
     if( res==0 ){
-      assert( i2>i1 );
-      assert( i2!=0 );
+      assert_nc( i2>i1 );
+      assert_nc( i2!=0 );
       pRes->bTermEq = 1;
       if( p1->iRowid==p2->iRowid ){
         p1->bDel = p2->bDel;
@@ -207977,7 +220099,7 @@ static void fts5SegIterGotoPage(
 }
 
 /*
-** Advance the iterator passed as the second argument until it is at or 
+** Advance the iterator passed as the second argument until it is at or
 ** past rowid iFrom. Regardless of the value of iFrom, the iterator is
 ** always advanced at least once.
 */
@@ -208041,7 +220163,6 @@ static void fts5MultiIterFree(Fts5Iter *pIter){
     for(i=0; i<pIter->nSeg; i++){
       fts5SegIterClear(&pIter->aSeg[i]);
     }
-    fts5StructureRelease(pIter->pStruct);
     fts5BufferFree(&pIter->poslist);
     sqlite3_free(pIter);
   }
@@ -208074,7 +220195,7 @@ static void fts5MultiIterAdvanced(
 ** If non-zero is returned, the caller should call fts5MultiIterAdvanced()
 ** on the iterator instead. That function does the same as this one, except
 ** that it deals with more complicated cases as well.
-*/ 
+*/
 static int fts5MultiIterAdvanceRowid(
   Fts5Iter *pIter,                /* Iterator to update aFirst[] array for */
   int iChanged,                   /* Index of sub-iterator just advanced */
@@ -208125,14 +220246,14 @@ static void fts5MultiIterSetEof(Fts5Iter *pIter){
 }
 
 /*
-** Move the iterator to the next entry. 
+** Move the iterator to the next entry.
 **
-** If an error occurs, an error code is left in Fts5Index.rc. It is not 
-** considered an error if the iterator reaches EOF, or if it is already at 
+** If an error occurs, an error code is left in Fts5Index.rc. It is not
+** considered an error if the iterator reaches EOF, or if it is already at
 ** EOF when this function is called.
 */
 static void fts5MultiIterNext(
-  Fts5Index *p, 
+  Fts5Index *p,
   Fts5Iter *pIter,
   int bFrom,                      /* True if argument iFrom is valid */
   i64 iFrom                       /* Advance at least as far as this */
@@ -208150,7 +220271,7 @@ static void fts5MultiIterNext(
       pSeg->xNext(p, pSeg, &bNewTerm);
     }
 
-    if( pSeg->pLeaf==0 || bNewTerm 
+    if( pSeg->pLeaf==0 || bNewTerm
      || fts5MultiIterAdvanceRowid(pIter, iFirst, &pSeg)
     ){
       fts5MultiIterAdvanced(p, pIter, iFirst, 1);
@@ -208170,7 +220291,7 @@ static void fts5MultiIterNext(
 }
 
 static void fts5MultiIterNext2(
-  Fts5Index *p, 
+  Fts5Index *p,
   Fts5Iter *pIter,
   int *pbNewTerm                  /* OUT: True if *might* be new term */
 ){
@@ -208184,7 +220305,7 @@ static void fts5MultiIterNext2(
 
       assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK );
       pSeg->xNext(p, pSeg, &bNewTerm);
-      if( pSeg->pLeaf==0 || bNewTerm 
+      if( pSeg->pLeaf==0 || bNewTerm
        || fts5MultiIterAdvanceRowid(pIter, iFirst, &pSeg)
       ){
         fts5MultiIterAdvanced(p, pIter, iFirst, 1);
@@ -208209,7 +220330,7 @@ static Fts5Iter *fts5MultiIterAlloc(
   int nSlot;                      /* Power of two >= nSeg */
 
   for(nSlot=2; nSlot<nSeg; nSlot=nSlot*2);
-  pNew = fts5IdxMalloc(p, 
+  pNew = fts5IdxMalloc(p,
       sizeof(Fts5Iter) +                  /* pNew */
       sizeof(Fts5SegIter) * (nSlot-1) +   /* pNew->aSeg[] */
       sizeof(Fts5CResult) * nSlot         /* pNew->aFirst[] */
@@ -208224,8 +220345,8 @@ static Fts5Iter *fts5MultiIterAlloc(
 }
 
 static void fts5PoslistCallback(
-  Fts5Index *pUnused, 
-  void *pContext, 
+  Fts5Index *pUnused,
+  void *pContext,
   const u8 *pChunk, int nChunk
 ){
   UNUSED_PARAM(pUnused);
@@ -208262,8 +220383,8 @@ static int fts5IndexColsetTest(Fts5Colset *pColset, int iCol){
 }
 
 static void fts5PoslistOffsetsCallback(
-  Fts5Index *pUnused, 
-  void *pContext, 
+  Fts5Index *pUnused,
+  void *pContext,
   const u8 *pChunk, int nChunk
 ){
   PoslistOffsetsCtx *pCtx = (PoslistOffsetsCtx*)pContext;
@@ -208286,7 +220407,7 @@ static void fts5PoslistOffsetsCallback(
 
 static void fts5PoslistFilterCallback(
   Fts5Index *pUnused,
-  void *pContext, 
+  void *pContext,
   const u8 *pChunk, int nChunk
 ){
   PoslistCallbackCtx *pCtx = (PoslistCallbackCtx*)pContext;
@@ -208389,7 +220510,8 @@ static void fts5SegiterPoslist(
   Fts5Colset *pColset,
   Fts5Buffer *pBuf
 ){
-  if( 0==fts5BufferGrow(&p->rc, pBuf, pSeg->nPos) ){
+  if( 0==fts5BufferGrow(&p->rc, pBuf, pSeg->nPos+FTS5_DATA_ZERO_PADDING) ){
+    memset(&pBuf->p[pBuf->n+pSeg->nPos], 0, FTS5_DATA_ZERO_PADDING);
     if( pColset==0 ){
       fts5ChunkIterate(p, pSeg, (void*)pBuf, fts5PoslistCallback);
     }else{
@@ -208430,7 +220552,7 @@ static int fts5IndexExtractCol(
   while( iCol>iCurrent ){
     /* Advance pointer p until it points to pEnd or an 0x01 byte that is
     ** not part of a varint. Note that it is not possible for a negative
-    ** or extremely large varint to occur within an uncorrupted position 
+    ** or extremely large varint to occur within an uncorrupted position
     ** list. So the last byte of each varint may be assumed to have a clear
     ** 0x80 bit.  */
     while( *p!=0x01 ){
@@ -208495,7 +220617,7 @@ static void fts5IterSetOutputs_Nocolset(Fts5Iter *pIter, Fts5SegIter *pSeg){
   assert( pIter->pColset==0 );
 
   if( pSeg->iLeafOffset+pSeg->nPos<=pSeg->pLeaf->szLeaf ){
-    /* All data is stored on the current page. Populate the output 
+    /* All data is stored on the current page. Populate the output
     ** variables to point into the body of the page object. */
     pIter->base.pData = &pSeg->pLeaf->p[pSeg->iLeafOffset];
   }else{
@@ -208531,13 +220653,13 @@ static void fts5IterSetOutputs_Col(Fts5Iter *pIter, Fts5SegIter *pSeg){
 }
 
 /*
-** xSetOutputs callback used when: 
+** xSetOutputs callback used when:
 **
 **   * detail=col,
 **   * there is a column filter, and
-**   * the table contains 100 or fewer columns. 
+**   * the table contains 100 or fewer columns.
 **
-** The last point is to ensure all column numbers are stored as 
+** The last point is to ensure all column numbers are stored as
 ** single-byte varints.
 */
 static void fts5IterSetOutputs_Col100(Fts5Iter *pIter, Fts5SegIter *pSeg){
@@ -208549,7 +220671,7 @@ static void fts5IterSetOutputs_Col100(Fts5Iter *pIter, Fts5SegIter *pSeg){
     fts5IterSetOutputs_Col(pIter, pSeg);
   }else{
     u8 *a = (u8*)&pSeg->pLeaf->p[pSeg->iLeafOffset];
-    u8 *pEnd = (u8*)&a[pSeg->nPos]; 
+    u8 *pEnd = (u8*)&a[pSeg->nPos];
     int iPrev = 0;
     int *aiCol = pIter->pColset->aiCol;
     int *aiColEnd = &aiCol[pIter->pColset->nCol];
@@ -208588,7 +220710,7 @@ static void fts5IterSetOutputs_Full(Fts5Iter *pIter, Fts5SegIter *pSeg){
   assert( pColset );
 
   if( pSeg->iLeafOffset+pSeg->nPos<=pSeg->pLeaf->szLeaf ){
-    /* All data is stored on the current page. Populate the output 
+    /* All data is stored on the current page. Populate the output
     ** variables to point into the body of the page object. */
     const u8 *a = &pSeg->pLeaf->p[pSeg->iLeafOffset];
     if( pColset->nCol==1 ){
@@ -208652,7 +220774,7 @@ static void fts5IterSetOutputCb(int *pRc, Fts5Iter *pIter){
 ** is zero or greater, data from the first nSegment segments on level iLevel
 ** is merged.
 **
-** The iterator initially points to the first term/rowid entry in the 
+** The iterator initially points to the first term/rowid entry in the
 ** iterated data.
 */
 static void fts5MultiIterNew(
@@ -208687,9 +220809,7 @@ static void fts5MultiIterNew(
   if( pNew==0 ) return;
   pNew->bRev = (0!=(flags & FTS5INDEX_QUERY_DESC));
   pNew->bSkipEmpty = (0!=(flags & FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPEMPTY));
-  pNew->pStruct = pStruct;
   pNew->pColset = pColset;
-  fts5StructureRef(pStruct);
   if( (flags & FTS5INDEX_QUERY_NOOUTPUT)==0 ){
     fts5IterSetOutputCb(&p->rc, pNew);
   }
@@ -208723,8 +220843,8 @@ static void fts5MultiIterNew(
     assert( iIter==nSeg );
   }
 
-  /* If the above was successful, each component iterators now points 
-  ** to the first entry in its segment. In this case initialize the 
+  /* If the above was successful, each component iterators now points
+  ** to the first entry in its segment. In this case initialize the
   ** aFirst[] array. Or, if an error has occurred, free the iterator
   ** object and set the output variable to NULL.  */
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -208793,12 +220913,12 @@ static void fts5MultiIterNew2(
 }
 
 /*
-** Return true if the iterator is at EOF or if an error has occurred. 
+** Return true if the iterator is at EOF or if an error has occurred.
 ** False otherwise.
 */
 static int fts5MultiIterEof(Fts5Index *p, Fts5Iter *pIter){
-  assert( p->rc 
-      || (pIter->aSeg[ pIter->aFirst[1].iFirst ].pLeaf==0)==pIter->base.bEof 
+  assert( p->rc
+      || (pIter->aSeg[ pIter->aFirst[1].iFirst ].pLeaf==0)==pIter->base.bEof
   );
   return (p->rc || pIter->base.bEof);
 }
@@ -208817,8 +220937,8 @@ static i64 fts5MultiIterRowid(Fts5Iter *pIter){
 ** Move the iterator to the next entry at or following iMatch.
 */
 static void fts5MultiIterNextFrom(
-  Fts5Index *p, 
-  Fts5Iter *pIter, 
+  Fts5Index *p,
+  Fts5Iter *pIter,
   i64 iMatch
 ){
   while( 1 ){
@@ -208832,7 +220952,7 @@ static void fts5MultiIterNextFrom(
 }
 
 /*
-** Return a pointer to a buffer containing the term associated with the 
+** Return a pointer to a buffer containing the term associated with the
 ** entry that the iterator currently points to.
 */
 static const u8 *fts5MultiIterTerm(Fts5Iter *pIter, int *pn){
@@ -208843,11 +220963,11 @@ static const u8 *fts5MultiIterTerm(Fts5Iter *pIter, int *pn){
 
 /*
 ** Allocate a new segment-id for the structure pStruct. The new segment
-** id must be between 1 and 65335 inclusive, and must not be used by 
+** id must be between 1 and 65335 inclusive, and must not be used by
 ** any currently existing segment. If a free segment id cannot be found,
 ** SQLITE_FULL is returned.
 **
-** If an error has already occurred, this function is a no-op. 0 is 
+** If an error has already occurred, this function is a no-op. 0 is
 ** returned in this case.
 */
 static int fts5AllocateSegid(Fts5Index *p, Fts5Structure *pStruct){
@@ -208867,24 +220987,24 @@ static int fts5AllocateSegid(Fts5Index *p, Fts5Structure *pStruct){
       for(iLvl=0; iLvl<pStruct->nLevel; iLvl++){
         for(iSeg=0; iSeg<pStruct->aLevel[iLvl].nSeg; iSeg++){
           int iId = pStruct->aLevel[iLvl].aSeg[iSeg].iSegid;
-          if( iId<=FTS5_MAX_SEGMENT ){
-            aUsed[(iId-1) / 32] |= 1 << ((iId-1) % 32);
+          if( iId<=FTS5_MAX_SEGMENT && iId>0 ){
+            aUsed[(iId-1) / 32] |= (u32)1 << ((iId-1) % 32);
           }
         }
       }
 
       for(i=0; aUsed[i]==0xFFFFFFFF; i++);
       mask = aUsed[i];
-      for(iSegid=0; mask & (1 << iSegid); iSegid++);
+      for(iSegid=0; mask & ((u32)1 << iSegid); iSegid++);
       iSegid += 1 + i*32;
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
       for(iLvl=0; iLvl<pStruct->nLevel; iLvl++){
         for(iSeg=0; iSeg<pStruct->aLevel[iLvl].nSeg; iSeg++){
-          assert( iSegid!=pStruct->aLevel[iLvl].aSeg[iSeg].iSegid );
+          assert_nc( iSegid!=pStruct->aLevel[iLvl].aSeg[iSeg].iSegid );
         }
       }
-      assert( iSegid>0 && iSegid<=FTS5_MAX_SEGMENT );
+      assert_nc( iSegid>0 && iSegid<=FTS5_MAX_SEGMENT );
 
       {
         sqlite3_stmt *pIdxSelect = fts5IdxSelectStmt(p);
@@ -208892,7 +221012,7 @@ static int fts5AllocateSegid(Fts5Index *p, Fts5Structure *pStruct){
           u8 aBlob[2] = {0xff, 0xff};
           sqlite3_bind_int(pIdxSelect, 1, iSegid);
           sqlite3_bind_blob(pIdxSelect, 2, aBlob, 2, SQLITE_STATIC);
-          assert( sqlite3_step(pIdxSelect)!=SQLITE_ROW );
+          assert_nc( sqlite3_step(pIdxSelect)!=SQLITE_ROW );
           p->rc = sqlite3_reset(pIdxSelect);
           sqlite3_bind_null(pIdxSelect, 2);
         }
@@ -208916,10 +221036,10 @@ static void fts5IndexDiscardData(Fts5Index *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return the size of the prefix, in bytes, that buffer 
+** Return the size of the prefix, in bytes, that buffer
 ** (pNew/<length-unknown>) shares with buffer (pOld/nOld).
 **
-** Buffer (pNew/<length-unknown>) is guaranteed to be greater 
+** Buffer (pNew/<length-unknown>) is guaranteed to be greater
 ** than buffer (pOld/nOld).
 */
 static int fts5PrefixCompress(int nOld, const u8 *pOld, const u8 *pNew){
@@ -208931,7 +221051,7 @@ static int fts5PrefixCompress(int nOld, const u8 *pOld, const u8 *pNew){
 }
 
 static void fts5WriteDlidxClear(
-  Fts5Index *p, 
+  Fts5Index *p,
   Fts5SegWriter *pWriter,
   int bFlush                      /* If true, write dlidx to disk */
 ){
@@ -208942,7 +221062,7 @@ static void fts5WriteDlidxClear(
     if( pDlidx->buf.n==0 ) break;
     if( bFlush ){
       assert( pDlidx->pgno!=0 );
-      fts5DataWrite(p, 
+      fts5DataWrite(p,
           FTS5_DLIDX_ROWID(pWriter->iSegid, i, pDlidx->pgno),
           pDlidx->buf.p, pDlidx->buf.n
       );
@@ -208962,13 +221082,13 @@ static int fts5WriteDlidxGrow(
   int nLvl
 ){
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && nLvl>=pWriter->nDlidx ){
-    Fts5DlidxWriter *aDlidx = (Fts5DlidxWriter*)sqlite3_realloc(
+    Fts5DlidxWriter *aDlidx = (Fts5DlidxWriter*)sqlite3_realloc64(
         pWriter->aDlidx, sizeof(Fts5DlidxWriter) * nLvl
     );
     if( aDlidx==0 ){
       p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
-      int nByte = sizeof(Fts5DlidxWriter) * (nLvl - pWriter->nDlidx);
+      size_t nByte = sizeof(Fts5DlidxWriter) * (nLvl - pWriter->nDlidx);
       memset(&aDlidx[pWriter->nDlidx], 0, nByte);
       pWriter->aDlidx = aDlidx;
       pWriter->nDlidx = nLvl;
@@ -208996,8 +221116,8 @@ static int fts5WriteFlushDlidx(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegWriter *pWriter){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is called whenever processing of the doclist for the 
-** last term on leaf page (pWriter->iBtPage) is completed. 
+** This function is called whenever processing of the doclist for the
+** last term on leaf page (pWriter->iBtPage) is completed.
 **
 ** The doclist-index for that term is currently stored in-memory within the
 ** Fts5SegWriter.aDlidx[] array. If it is large enough, this function
@@ -209041,8 +221161,10 @@ static void fts5WriteBtreeTerm(
   int nTerm, const u8 *pTerm      /* First term on new page */
 ){
   fts5WriteFlushBtree(p, pWriter);
-  fts5BufferSet(&p->rc, &pWriter->btterm, nTerm, pTerm);
-  pWriter->iBtPage = pWriter->writer.pgno;
+  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    fts5BufferSet(&p->rc, &pWriter->btterm, nTerm, pTerm);
+    pWriter->iBtPage = pWriter->writer.pgno;
+  }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -209080,8 +221202,8 @@ static i64 fts5DlidxExtractFirstRowid(Fts5Buffer *pBuf){
 ** doclist-index.
 */
 static void fts5WriteDlidxAppend(
-  Fts5Index *p, 
-  Fts5SegWriter *pWriter, 
+  Fts5Index *p,
+  Fts5SegWriter *pWriter,
   i64 iRowid
 ){
   int i;
@@ -209094,11 +221216,11 @@ static void fts5WriteDlidxAppend(
     if( pDlidx->buf.n>=p->pConfig->pgsz ){
       /* The current doclist-index page is full. Write it to disk and push
       ** a copy of iRowid (which will become the first rowid on the next
-      ** doclist-index leaf page) up into the next level of the b-tree 
+      ** doclist-index leaf page) up into the next level of the b-tree
       ** hierarchy. If the node being flushed is currently the root node,
       ** also push its first rowid upwards. */
       pDlidx->buf.p[0] = 0x01;    /* Not the root node */
-      fts5DataWrite(p, 
+      fts5DataWrite(p,
           FTS5_DLIDX_ROWID(pWriter->iSegid, i, pDlidx->pgno),
           pDlidx->buf.p, pDlidx->buf.n
       );
@@ -209182,17 +221304,18 @@ static void fts5WriteFlushLeaf(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegWriter *pWriter){
 ** Append term pTerm/nTerm to the segment being written by the writer passed
 ** as the second argument.
 **
-** If an error occurs, set the Fts5Index.rc error code. If an error has 
+** If an error occurs, set the Fts5Index.rc error code. If an error has
 ** already occurred, this function is a no-op.
 */
 static void fts5WriteAppendTerm(
-  Fts5Index *p, 
+  Fts5Index *p,
   Fts5SegWriter *pWriter,
-  int nTerm, const u8 *pTerm 
+  int nTerm, const u8 *pTerm
 ){
   int nPrefix;                    /* Bytes of prefix compression for term */
   Fts5PageWriter *pPage = &pWriter->writer;
   Fts5Buffer *pPgidx = &pWriter->writer.pgidx;
+  int nMin = MIN(pPage->term.n, nTerm);
 
   assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK );
   assert( pPage->buf.n>=4 );
@@ -209202,10 +221325,11 @@ static void fts5WriteAppendTerm(
   if( (pPage->buf.n + pPgidx->n + nTerm + 2)>=p->pConfig->pgsz ){
     if( pPage->buf.n>4 ){
       fts5WriteFlushLeaf(p, pWriter);
+      if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return;
     }
     fts5BufferGrow(&p->rc, &pPage->buf, nTerm+FTS5_DATA_PADDING);
   }
-  
+
   /* TODO1: Updating pgidx here. */
   pPgidx->n += sqlite3Fts5PutVarint(
       &pPgidx->p[pPgidx->n], pPage->buf.n - pPage->iPrevPgidx
@@ -209221,11 +221345,11 @@ static void fts5WriteAppendTerm(
     if( pPage->pgno!=1 ){
       /* This is the first term on a leaf that is not the leftmost leaf in
       ** the segment b-tree. In this case it is necessary to add a term to
-      ** the b-tree hierarchy that is (a) larger than the largest term 
+      ** the b-tree hierarchy that is (a) larger than the largest term
       ** already written to the segment and (b) smaller than or equal to
       ** this term. In other words, a prefix of (pTerm/nTerm) that is one
       ** byte longer than the longest prefix (pTerm/nTerm) shares with the
-      ** previous term. 
+      ** previous term.
       **
       ** Usually, the previous term is available in pPage->term. The exception
       ** is if this is the first term written in an incremental-merge step.
@@ -209234,13 +221358,14 @@ static void fts5WriteAppendTerm(
       ** inefficient, but still correct.  */
       int n = nTerm;
       if( pPage->term.n ){
-        n = 1 + fts5PrefixCompress(pPage->term.n, pPage->term.p, pTerm);
+        n = 1 + fts5PrefixCompress(nMin, pPage->term.p, pTerm);
       }
       fts5WriteBtreeTerm(p, pWriter, n, pTerm);
+      if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return;
       pPage = &pWriter->writer;
     }
   }else{
-    nPrefix = fts5PrefixCompress(pPage->term.n, pPage->term.p, pTerm);
+    nPrefix = fts5PrefixCompress(nMin, pPage->term.p, pTerm);
     fts5BufferAppendVarint(&p->rc, &pPage->buf, nPrefix);
   }
 
@@ -209261,10 +221386,10 @@ static void fts5WriteAppendTerm(
 }
 
 /*
-** Append a rowid and position-list size field to the writers output. 
+** Append a rowid and position-list size field to the writers output.
 */
 static void fts5WriteAppendRowid(
-  Fts5Index *p, 
+  Fts5Index *p,
   Fts5SegWriter *pWriter,
   i64 iRowid
 ){
@@ -209275,7 +221400,7 @@ static void fts5WriteAppendRowid(
       fts5WriteFlushLeaf(p, pWriter);
     }
 
-    /* If this is to be the first rowid written to the page, set the 
+    /* If this is to be the first rowid written to the page, set the
     ** rowid-pointer in the page-header. Also append a value to the dlidx
     ** buffer, in case a doclist-index is required.  */
     if( pWriter->bFirstRowidInPage ){
@@ -209287,7 +221412,7 @@ static void fts5WriteAppendRowid(
     if( pWriter->bFirstRowidInDoclist || pWriter->bFirstRowidInPage ){
       fts5BufferAppendVarint(&p->rc, &pPage->buf, iRowid);
     }else{
-      assert( p->rc || iRowid>pWriter->iPrevRowid );
+      assert_nc( p->rc || iRowid>pWriter->iPrevRowid );
       fts5BufferAppendVarint(&p->rc, &pPage->buf, iRowid - pWriter->iPrevRowid);
     }
     pWriter->iPrevRowid = iRowid;
@@ -209297,18 +221422,18 @@ static void fts5WriteAppendRowid(
 }
 
 static void fts5WriteAppendPoslistData(
-  Fts5Index *p, 
-  Fts5SegWriter *pWriter, 
-  const u8 *aData, 
+  Fts5Index *p,
+  Fts5SegWriter *pWriter,
+  const u8 *aData,
   int nData
 ){
   Fts5PageWriter *pPage = &pWriter->writer;
   const u8 *a = aData;
   int n = nData;
-  
+
   assert( p->pConfig->pgsz>0 );
-  while( p->rc==SQLITE_OK 
-     && (pPage->buf.n + pPage->pgidx.n + n)>=p->pConfig->pgsz 
+  while( p->rc==SQLITE_OK
+     && (pPage->buf.n + pPage->pgidx.n + n)>=p->pConfig->pgsz
   ){
     int nReq = p->pConfig->pgsz - pPage->buf.n - pPage->pgidx.n;
     int nCopy = 0;
@@ -209331,7 +221456,7 @@ static void fts5WriteAppendPoslistData(
 ** allocations associated with the writer.
 */
 static void fts5WriteFinish(
-  Fts5Index *p, 
+  Fts5Index *p,
   Fts5SegWriter *pWriter,         /* Writer object */
   int *pnLeaf                     /* OUT: Number of leaf pages in b-tree */
 ){
@@ -209359,8 +221484,8 @@ static void fts5WriteFinish(
 }
 
 static void fts5WriteInit(
-  Fts5Index *p, 
-  Fts5SegWriter *pWriter, 
+  Fts5Index *p,
+  Fts5SegWriter *pWriter,
   int iSegid
 ){
   const int nBuffer = p->pConfig->pgsz + FTS5_DATA_PADDING;
@@ -209383,7 +221508,7 @@ static void fts5WriteInit(
   if( p->pIdxWriter==0 ){
     Fts5Config *pConfig = p->pConfig;
     fts5IndexPrepareStmt(p, &p->pIdxWriter, sqlite3_mprintf(
-          "INSERT INTO '%q'.'%q_idx'(segid,term,pgno) VALUES(?,?,?)", 
+          "INSERT INTO '%q'.'%q_idx'(segid,term,pgno) VALUES(?,?,?)",
           pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName
     ));
   }
@@ -209409,7 +221534,7 @@ static void fts5TrimSegments(Fts5Index *p, Fts5Iter *pIter){
   int i;
   Fts5Buffer buf;
   memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(Fts5Buffer));
-  for(i=0; i<pIter->nSeg; i++){
+  for(i=0; i<pIter->nSeg && p->rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
     Fts5SegIter *pSeg = &pIter->aSeg[i];
     if( pSeg->pSeg==0 ){
       /* no-op */
@@ -209427,35 +221552,44 @@ static void fts5TrimSegments(Fts5Index *p, Fts5Iter *pIter){
       u8 aHdr[4] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
 
       iLeafRowid = FTS5_SEGMENT_ROWID(iId, pSeg->iTermLeafPgno);
-      pData = fts5DataRead(p, iLeafRowid);
+      pData = fts5LeafRead(p, iLeafRowid);
       if( pData ){
-        fts5BufferZero(&buf);
-        fts5BufferGrow(&p->rc, &buf, pData->nn);
-        fts5BufferAppendBlob(&p->rc, &buf, sizeof(aHdr), aHdr);
-        fts5BufferAppendVarint(&p->rc, &buf, pSeg->term.n);
-        fts5BufferAppendBlob(&p->rc, &buf, pSeg->term.n, pSeg->term.p);
-        fts5BufferAppendBlob(&p->rc, &buf, pData->szLeaf-iOff, &pData->p[iOff]);
-        if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          /* Set the szLeaf field */
-          fts5PutU16(&buf.p[2], (u16)buf.n);
-        }
+        if( iOff>pData->szLeaf ){
+          /* This can occur if the pages that the segments occupy overlap - if
+          ** a single page has been assigned to more than one segment. In
+          ** this case a prior iteration of this loop may have corrupted the
+          ** segment currently being trimmed.  */
+          p->rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+        }else{
+          fts5BufferZero(&buf);
+          fts5BufferGrow(&p->rc, &buf, pData->nn);
+          fts5BufferAppendBlob(&p->rc, &buf, sizeof(aHdr), aHdr);
+          fts5BufferAppendVarint(&p->rc, &buf, pSeg->term.n);
+          fts5BufferAppendBlob(&p->rc, &buf, pSeg->term.n, pSeg->term.p);
+          fts5BufferAppendBlob(&p->rc, &buf, pData->szLeaf-iOff,&pData->p[iOff]);
+          if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            /* Set the szLeaf field */
+            fts5PutU16(&buf.p[2], (u16)buf.n);
+          }
 
-        /* Set up the new page-index array */
-        fts5BufferAppendVarint(&p->rc, &buf, 4);
-        if( pSeg->iLeafPgno==pSeg->iTermLeafPgno 
-         && pSeg->iEndofDoclist<pData->szLeaf 
-        ){
-          int nDiff = pData->szLeaf - pSeg->iEndofDoclist;
-          fts5BufferAppendVarint(&p->rc, &buf, buf.n - 1 - nDiff - 4);
-          fts5BufferAppendBlob(&p->rc, &buf, 
-              pData->nn - pSeg->iPgidxOff, &pData->p[pSeg->iPgidxOff]
-          );
-        }
+          /* Set up the new page-index array */
+          fts5BufferAppendVarint(&p->rc, &buf, 4);
+          if( pSeg->iLeafPgno==pSeg->iTermLeafPgno
+           && pSeg->iEndofDoclist<pData->szLeaf
+           && pSeg->iPgidxOff<=pData->nn
+          ){
+            int nDiff = pData->szLeaf - pSeg->iEndofDoclist;
+            fts5BufferAppendVarint(&p->rc, &buf, buf.n - 1 - nDiff - 4);
+            fts5BufferAppendBlob(&p->rc, &buf,
+                pData->nn - pSeg->iPgidxOff, &pData->p[pSeg->iPgidxOff]
+            );
+          }
 
+          pSeg->pSeg->pgnoFirst = pSeg->iTermLeafPgno;
+          fts5DataDelete(p, FTS5_SEGMENT_ROWID(iId, 1), iLeafRowid);
+          fts5DataWrite(p, iLeafRowid, buf.p, buf.n);
+        }
         fts5DataRelease(pData);
-        pSeg->pSeg->pgnoFirst = pSeg->iTermLeafPgno;
-        fts5DataDelete(p, FTS5_SEGMENT_ROWID(iId, 1), iLeafRowid);
-        fts5DataWrite(p, iLeafRowid, buf.p, buf.n);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -209463,8 +221597,8 @@ static void fts5TrimSegments(Fts5Index *p, Fts5Iter *pIter){
 }
 
 static void fts5MergeChunkCallback(
-  Fts5Index *p, 
-  void *pCtx, 
+  Fts5Index *p,
+  void *pCtx,
   const u8 *pChunk, int nChunk
 ){
   Fts5SegWriter *pWriter = (Fts5SegWriter*)pCtx;
@@ -209547,7 +221681,7 @@ static void fts5IndexMergeLevel(
     const u8 *pTerm;
 
     pTerm = fts5MultiIterTerm(pIter, &nTerm);
-    if( nTerm!=term.n || memcmp(pTerm, term.p, nTerm) ){
+    if( nTerm!=term.n || fts5Memcmp(pTerm, term.p, nTerm) ){
       if( pnRem && writer.nLeafWritten>nRem ){
         break;
       }
@@ -209679,7 +221813,7 @@ static int fts5IndexMerge(
 ** segment. This function updates the write-counter accordingly and, if
 ** necessary, performs incremental merge work.
 **
-** If an error occurs, set the Fts5Index.rc error code. If an error has 
+** If an error occurs, set the Fts5Index.rc error code. If an error has
 ** already occurred, this function is a no-op.
 */
 static void fts5IndexAutomerge(
@@ -209730,12 +221864,12 @@ static int fts5IndexReturn(Fts5Index *p){
 typedef struct Fts5FlushCtx Fts5FlushCtx;
 struct Fts5FlushCtx {
   Fts5Index *pIdx;
-  Fts5SegWriter writer; 
+  Fts5SegWriter writer;
 };
 
 /*
 ** Buffer aBuf[] contains a list of varints, all small enough to fit
-** in a 32-bit integer. Return the size of the largest prefix of this 
+** in a 32-bit integer. Return the size of the largest prefix of this
 ** list nMax bytes or less in size.
 */
 static int fts5PoslistPrefix(const u8 *aBuf, int nMax){
@@ -209753,10 +221887,10 @@ static int fts5PoslistPrefix(const u8 *aBuf, int nMax){
 }
 
 /*
-** Flush the contents of in-memory hash table iHash to a new level-0 
+** Flush the contents of in-memory hash table iHash to a new level-0
 ** segment on disk. Also update the corresponding structure record.
 **
-** If an error occurs, set the Fts5Index.rc error code. If an error has 
+** If an error occurs, set the Fts5Index.rc error code. If an error has
 ** already occurred, this function is a no-op.
 */
 static void fts5FlushOneHash(Fts5Index *p){
@@ -209802,6 +221936,7 @@ static void fts5FlushOneHash(Fts5Index *p){
       /* Write the term for this entry to disk. */
       sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(pHash, &zTerm, &pDoclist, &nDoclist);
       fts5WriteAppendTerm(p, &writer, (int)strlen(zTerm), (const u8*)zTerm);
+      if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
 
       assert( writer.bFirstRowidInPage==0 );
       if( pgsz>=(pBuf->n + pPgidx->n + nDoclist + 1) ){
@@ -209812,18 +221947,19 @@ static void fts5FlushOneHash(Fts5Index *p){
         i64 iDelta = 0;
         int iOff = 0;
 
-        /* The entire doclist will not fit on this leaf. The following 
-        ** loop iterates through the poslists that make up the current 
+        /* The entire doclist will not fit on this leaf. The following
+        ** loop iterates through the poslists that make up the current
         ** doclist.  */
         while( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && iOff<nDoclist ){
           iOff += fts5GetVarint(&pDoclist[iOff], (u64*)&iDelta);
           iRowid += iDelta;
-          
+
           if( writer.bFirstRowidInPage ){
             fts5PutU16(&pBuf->p[0], (u16)pBuf->n);   /* first rowid on page */
             pBuf->n += sqlite3Fts5PutVarint(&pBuf->p[pBuf->n], iRowid);
             writer.bFirstRowidInPage = 0;
             fts5WriteDlidxAppend(p, &writer, iRowid);
+            if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
           }else{
             pBuf->n += sqlite3Fts5PutVarint(&pBuf->p[pBuf->n], iDelta);
           }
@@ -209881,7 +222017,7 @@ static void fts5FlushOneHash(Fts5Index *p){
       /* TODO2: Doclist terminator written here. */
       /* pBuf->p[pBuf->n++] = '\0'; */
       assert( pBuf->n<=pBuf->nSpace );
-      sqlite3Fts5HashScanNext(pHash);
+      if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ) sqlite3Fts5HashScanNext(pHash);
     }
     sqlite3Fts5HashClear(pHash);
     fts5WriteFinish(p, &writer, &pgnoLast);
@@ -209921,18 +222057,18 @@ static void fts5IndexFlush(Fts5Index *p){
 }
 
 static Fts5Structure *fts5IndexOptimizeStruct(
-  Fts5Index *p, 
+  Fts5Index *p,
   Fts5Structure *pStruct
 ){
   Fts5Structure *pNew = 0;
-  int nByte = sizeof(Fts5Structure);
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(Fts5Structure);
   int nSeg = pStruct->nSegment;
   int i;
 
   /* Figure out if this structure requires optimization. A structure does
   ** not require optimization if either:
   **
-  **  + it consists of fewer than two segments, or 
+  **  + it consists of fewer than two segments, or
   **  + all segments are on the same level, or
   **  + all segments except one are currently inputs to a merge operation.
   **
@@ -210009,7 +222145,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexOptimize(Fts5Index *p){
     fts5StructureRelease(pNew);
   }
 
-  return fts5IndexReturn(p); 
+  return fts5IndexReturn(p);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -210055,11 +222191,13 @@ static void fts5AppendPoslist(
   Fts5Buffer *pBuf
 ){
   int nData = pMulti->base.nData;
+  int nByte = nData + 9 + 9 + FTS5_DATA_ZERO_PADDING;
   assert( nData>0 );
-  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && 0==fts5BufferGrow(&p->rc, pBuf, nData+9+9) ){
+  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && 0==fts5BufferGrow(&p->rc, pBuf, nByte) ){
     fts5BufferSafeAppendVarint(pBuf, iDelta);
     fts5BufferSafeAppendVarint(pBuf, nData*2);
     fts5BufferSafeAppendBlob(pBuf, pMulti->base.pData, nData);
+    memset(&pBuf->p[pBuf->n], 0, FTS5_DATA_ZERO_PADDING);
   }
 }
 
@@ -210091,7 +222229,7 @@ static void fts5DoclistIterNext(Fts5DoclistIter *pIter){
 }
 
 static void fts5DoclistIterInit(
-  Fts5Buffer *pBuf, 
+  Fts5Buffer *pBuf,
   Fts5DoclistIter *pIter
 ){
   memset(pIter, 0, sizeof(*pIter));
@@ -210207,13 +222345,19 @@ static void fts5MergePrefixLists(
     Fts5Buffer out = {0, 0, 0};
     Fts5Buffer tmp = {0, 0, 0};
 
-    /* The maximum size of the output is equal to the sum of the two 
+    /* The maximum size of the output is equal to the sum of the two
     ** input sizes + 1 varint (9 bytes). The extra varint is because if the
     ** first rowid in one input is a large negative number, and the first in
     ** the other a non-negative number, the delta for the non-negative
     ** number will be larger on disk than the literal integer value
-    ** was.  */
-    if( sqlite3Fts5BufferSize(&p->rc, &out, p1->n + p2->n + 9) ) return;
+    ** was.
+    **
+    ** Or, if the input position-lists are corrupt, then the output might
+    ** include up to 2 extra 10-byte positions created by interpreting -1
+    ** (the value PoslistNext64() uses for EOF) as a position and appending
+    ** it to the output. This can happen at most once for each input
+    ** position-list, hence two 10 byte paddings.  */
+    if( sqlite3Fts5BufferSize(&p->rc, &out, p1->n + p2->n + 9+10+10) ) return;
     fts5DoclistIterInit(p1, &i1);
     fts5DoclistIterInit(p2, &i2);
 
@@ -210224,6 +222368,7 @@ static void fts5MergePrefixLists(
         fts5BufferSafeAppendBlob(&out, i1.aPoslist, i1.nPoslist+i1.nSize);
         fts5DoclistIterNext(&i1);
         if( i1.aPoslist==0 ) break;
+        assert( out.n<=((i1.aPoslist-p1->p) + (i2.aPoslist-p2->p)+9+10+10) );
       }
       else if( i2.iRowid!=i1.iRowid ){
         /* Copy entry from i2 */
@@ -210231,28 +222376,36 @@ static void fts5MergePrefixLists(
         fts5BufferSafeAppendBlob(&out, i2.aPoslist, i2.nPoslist+i2.nSize);
         fts5DoclistIterNext(&i2);
         if( i2.aPoslist==0 ) break;
+        assert( out.n<=((i1.aPoslist-p1->p) + (i2.aPoslist-p2->p)+9+10+10) );
       }
       else{
-        /* Merge the two position lists. */ 
+        /* Merge the two position lists. */
         i64 iPos1 = 0;
         i64 iPos2 = 0;
         int iOff1 = 0;
         int iOff2 = 0;
         u8 *a1 = &i1.aPoslist[i1.nSize];
         u8 *a2 = &i2.aPoslist[i2.nSize];
+        int nCopy;
+        u8 *aCopy;
 
         i64 iPrev = 0;
         Fts5PoslistWriter writer;
         memset(&writer, 0, sizeof(writer));
 
+        /* See the earlier comment in this function for an explanation of why
+        ** corrupt input position lists might cause the output to consume
+        ** at most 20 bytes of unexpected space. */
         fts5MergeAppendDocid(&out, iLastRowid, i2.iRowid);
         fts5BufferZero(&tmp);
-        sqlite3Fts5BufferSize(&p->rc, &tmp, i1.nPoslist + i2.nPoslist);
+        sqlite3Fts5BufferSize(&p->rc, &tmp,
+            i1.nPoslist + i2.nPoslist + 10 + 10 + FTS5_DATA_ZERO_PADDING
+        );
         if( p->rc ) break;
 
         sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(a1, i1.nPoslist, &iOff1, &iPos1);
         sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(a2, i2.nPoslist, &iOff2, &iPos2);
-        assert( iPos1>=0 && iPos2>=0 );
+        assert_nc( iPos1>=0 && iPos2>=0 );
 
         if( iPos1<iPos2 ){
           sqlite3Fts5PoslistSafeAppend(&tmp, &iPrev, iPos1);
@@ -210261,7 +222414,6 @@ static void fts5MergePrefixLists(
           sqlite3Fts5PoslistSafeAppend(&tmp, &iPrev, iPos2);
           sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(a2, i2.nPoslist, &iOff2, &iPos2);
         }
-
         if( iPos1>=0 && iPos2>=0 ){
           while( 1 ){
             if( iPos1<iPos2 ){
@@ -210271,7 +222423,7 @@ static void fts5MergePrefixLists(
               sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(a1, i1.nPoslist, &iOff1, &iPos1);
               if( iPos1<0 ) break;
             }else{
-              assert( iPos2!=iPrev );
+              assert_nc( iPos2!=iPrev );
               sqlite3Fts5PoslistSafeAppend(&tmp, &iPrev, iPos2);
               sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(a2, i2.nPoslist, &iOff2, &iPos2);
               if( iPos2<0 ) break;
@@ -210283,19 +222435,32 @@ static void fts5MergePrefixLists(
           if( iPos1!=iPrev ){
             sqlite3Fts5PoslistSafeAppend(&tmp, &iPrev, iPos1);
           }
-          fts5BufferSafeAppendBlob(&tmp, &a1[iOff1], i1.nPoslist-iOff1);
+          aCopy = &a1[iOff1];
+          nCopy = i1.nPoslist - iOff1;
         }else{
-          assert( iPos2>=0 && iPos2!=iPrev );
+          assert_nc( iPos2>=0 && iPos2!=iPrev );
           sqlite3Fts5PoslistSafeAppend(&tmp, &iPrev, iPos2);
-          fts5BufferSafeAppendBlob(&tmp, &a2[iOff2], i2.nPoslist-iOff2);
+          aCopy = &a2[iOff2];
+          nCopy = i2.nPoslist - iOff2;
+        }
+        if( nCopy>0 ){
+          fts5BufferSafeAppendBlob(&tmp, aCopy, nCopy);
         }
 
         /* WRITEPOSLISTSIZE */
+        assert_nc( tmp.n<=i1.nPoslist+i2.nPoslist );
+        assert( tmp.n<=i1.nPoslist+i2.nPoslist+10+10 );
+        if( tmp.n>i1.nPoslist+i2.nPoslist ){
+          if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ) p->rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+          break;
+        }
         fts5BufferSafeAppendVarint(&out, tmp.n * 2);
         fts5BufferSafeAppendBlob(&out, tmp.p, tmp.n);
         fts5DoclistIterNext(&i1);
         fts5DoclistIterNext(&i2);
+        assert_nc( out.n<=(p1->n+p2->n+9) );
         if( i1.aPoslist==0 || i2.aPoslist==0 ) break;
+        assert( out.n<=((i1.aPoslist-p1->p) + (i2.aPoslist-p2->p)+9+10+10) );
       }
     }
 
@@ -210307,11 +222472,12 @@ static void fts5MergePrefixLists(
       fts5MergeAppendDocid(&out, iLastRowid, i2.iRowid);
       fts5BufferSafeAppendBlob(&out, i2.aPoslist, i2.aEof - i2.aPoslist);
     }
-    assert( out.n<=(p1->n+p2->n+9) );
+    assert_nc( out.n<=(p1->n+p2->n+9) );
 
-    fts5BufferSet(&p->rc, p1, out.n, out.p);
+    fts5BufferFree(p1);
     fts5BufferFree(&tmp);
-    fts5BufferFree(&out);
+    memset(&out.p[out.n], 0, FTS5_DATA_ZERO_PADDING);
+    *p1 = out;
   }
 }
 
@@ -210341,8 +222507,8 @@ static void fts5SetupPrefixIter(
   pStruct = fts5StructureRead(p);
 
   if( aBuf && pStruct ){
-    const int flags = FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCAN 
-                    | FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPEMPTY 
+    const int flags = FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCAN
+                    | FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPEMPTY
                     | FTS5INDEX_QUERY_NOOUTPUT;
     int i;
     i64 iLastRowid = 0;
@@ -210396,7 +222562,7 @@ static void fts5SetupPrefixIter(
     }
     fts5MultiIterFree(p1);
 
-    pData = fts5IdxMalloc(p, sizeof(Fts5Data) + doclist.n);
+    pData = fts5IdxMalloc(p, sizeof(Fts5Data)+doclist.n+FTS5_DATA_ZERO_PADDING);
     if( pData ){
       pData->p = (u8*)&pData[1];
       pData->nn = pData->szLeaf = doclist.n;
@@ -210424,9 +222590,9 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexBeginWrite(Fts5Index *p, int bDelete, i64 iRowid){
   }
 
   /* Flush the hash table to disk if required */
-  if( iRowid<p->iWriteRowid 
+  if( iRowid<p->iWriteRowid
    || (iRowid==p->iWriteRowid && p->bDelete==0)
-   || (p->nPendingData > p->pConfig->nHashSize) 
+   || (p->nPendingData > p->pConfig->nHashSize)
   ){
     fts5IndexFlush(p);
   }
@@ -210442,18 +222608,18 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexBeginWrite(Fts5Index *p, int bDelete, i64 iRowid){
 static int sqlite3Fts5IndexSync(Fts5Index *p){
   assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK );
   fts5IndexFlush(p);
-  fts5CloseReader(p);
+  sqlite3Fts5IndexCloseReader(p);
   return fts5IndexReturn(p);
 }
 
 /*
 ** Discard any data stored in the in-memory hash tables. Do not write it
 ** to the database. Additionally, assume that the contents of the %_data
-** table may have changed on disk. So any in-memory caches of %_data 
+** table may have changed on disk. So any in-memory caches of %_data
 ** records must be invalidated.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5IndexRollback(Fts5Index *p){
-  fts5CloseReader(p);
+  sqlite3Fts5IndexCloseReader(p);
   fts5IndexDiscardData(p);
   fts5StructureInvalidate(p);
   /* assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ); */
@@ -210468,6 +222634,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexRollback(Fts5Index *p){
 static int sqlite3Fts5IndexReinit(Fts5Index *p){
   Fts5Structure s;
   fts5StructureInvalidate(p);
+  fts5IndexDiscardData(p);
   memset(&s, 0, sizeof(Fts5Structure));
   fts5DataWrite(p, FTS5_AVERAGES_ROWID, (const u8*)"", 0);
   fts5StructureWrite(p, &s);
@@ -210482,8 +222649,8 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexReinit(Fts5Index *p){
 ** Otherwise, set *pp to NULL and return an SQLite error code.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5IndexOpen(
-  Fts5Config *pConfig, 
-  int bCreate, 
+  Fts5Config *pConfig,
+  int bCreate,
   Fts5Index **pp,
   char **pzErr
 ){
@@ -210500,8 +222667,8 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexOpen(
           pConfig, "data", "id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, block BLOB", 0, pzErr
       );
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = sqlite3Fts5CreateTable(pConfig, "idx", 
-            "segid, term, pgno, PRIMARY KEY(segid, term)", 
+        rc = sqlite3Fts5CreateTable(pConfig, "idx",
+            "segid, term, pgno, PRIMARY KEY(segid, term)",
             1, pzErr
         );
       }
@@ -210541,13 +222708,13 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexClose(Fts5Index *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** Argument p points to a buffer containing utf-8 text that is n bytes in 
+** Argument p points to a buffer containing utf-8 text that is n bytes in
 ** size. Return the number of bytes in the nChar character prefix of the
 ** buffer, or 0 if there are less than nChar characters in total.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5IndexCharlenToBytelen(
-  const char *p, 
-  int nByte, 
+  const char *p,
+  int nByte,
   int nChar
 ){
   int n = 0;
@@ -210555,9 +222722,13 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexCharlenToBytelen(
   for(i=0; i<nChar; i++){
     if( n>=nByte ) return 0;      /* Input contains fewer than nChar chars */
     if( (unsigned char)p[n++]>=0xc0 ){
+      if( n>=nByte ) return 0;
       while( (p[n] & 0xc0)==0x80 ){
         n++;
-        if( n>=nByte ) break;
+        if( n>=nByte ){
+          if( i+1==nChar ) break;
+          return 0;
+        }
       }
     }
   }
@@ -210569,7 +222740,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexCharlenToBytelen(
 ** unicode characters in the string.
 */
 static int fts5IndexCharlen(const char *pIn, int nIn){
-  int nChar = 0;            
+  int nChar = 0;
   int i = 0;
   while( i<nIn ){
     if( (unsigned char)pIn[i++]>=0xc0 ){
@@ -210581,7 +222752,7 @@ static int fts5IndexCharlen(const char *pIn, int nIn){
 }
 
 /*
-** Insert or remove data to or from the index. Each time a document is 
+** Insert or remove data to or from the index. Each time a document is
 ** added to or removed from the index, this function is called one or more
 ** times.
 **
@@ -210612,7 +222783,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexWrite(
     const int nChar = pConfig->aPrefix[i];
     int nByte = sqlite3Fts5IndexCharlenToBytelen(pToken, nToken, nChar);
     if( nByte ){
-      rc = sqlite3Fts5HashWrite(p->pHash, 
+      rc = sqlite3Fts5HashWrite(p->pHash,
           p->iWriteRowid, iCol, iPos, (char)(FTS5_MAIN_PREFIX+i+1), pToken,
           nByte
       );
@@ -210623,7 +222794,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexWrite(
 }
 
 /*
-** Open a new iterator to iterate though all rowid that match the 
+** Open a new iterator to iterate though all rowid that match the
 ** specified token or token prefix.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(
@@ -210650,9 +222821,9 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(
     ** satisfied by scanning multiple terms in the main index.
     **
     ** If the QUERY_TEST_NOIDX flag was specified, then this must be a
-    ** prefix-query. Instead of using a prefix-index (if one exists), 
+    ** prefix-query. Instead of using a prefix-index (if one exists),
     ** evaluate the prefix query using the main FTS index. This is used
-    ** for internal sanity checking by the integrity-check in debug 
+    ** for internal sanity checking by the integrity-check in debug
     ** mode only.  */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
     if( pConfig->bPrefixIndex==0 || (flags & FTS5INDEX_QUERY_TEST_NOIDX) ){
@@ -210672,7 +222843,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(
       Fts5Structure *pStruct = fts5StructureRead(p);
       buf.p[0] = (u8)(FTS5_MAIN_PREFIX + iIdx);
       if( pStruct ){
-        fts5MultiIterNew(p, pStruct, flags | FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPEMPTY, 
+        fts5MultiIterNew(p, pStruct, flags | FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPEMPTY,
             pColset, buf.p, nToken+1, -1, 0, &pRet
         );
         fts5StructureRelease(pStruct);
@@ -210693,10 +222864,10 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(
     if( p->rc ){
       sqlite3Fts5IterClose((Fts5IndexIter*)pRet);
       pRet = 0;
-      fts5CloseReader(p);
+      sqlite3Fts5IndexCloseReader(p);
     }
 
-    *ppIter = &pRet->base;
+    *ppIter = (Fts5IndexIter*)pRet;
     sqlite3Fts5BufferFree(&buf);
   }
   return fts5IndexReturn(p);
@@ -210706,7 +222877,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(
 ** Return true if the iterator passed as the only argument is at EOF.
 */
 /*
-** Move to the next matching rowid. 
+** Move to the next matching rowid.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5IterNext(Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter){
   Fts5Iter *pIter = (Fts5Iter*)pIndexIter;
@@ -210766,12 +222937,12 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5IterClose(Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter){
     Fts5Iter *pIter = (Fts5Iter*)pIndexIter;
     Fts5Index *pIndex = pIter->pIndex;
     fts5MultiIterFree(pIter);
-    fts5CloseReader(pIndex);
+    sqlite3Fts5IndexCloseReader(pIndex);
   }
 }
 
 /*
-** Read and decode the "averages" record from the database. 
+** Read and decode the "averages" record from the database.
 **
 ** Parameter anSize must point to an array of size nCol, where nCol is
 ** the number of user defined columns in the FTS table.
@@ -210797,7 +222968,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexGetAverages(Fts5Index *p, i64 *pnRow, i64 *anSize){
 }
 
 /*
-** Replace the current "averages" record with the contents of the buffer 
+** Replace the current "averages" record with the contents of the buffer
 ** supplied as the second argument.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5IndexSetAverages(Fts5Index *p, const u8 *pData, int nData){
@@ -210815,7 +222986,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexReads(Fts5Index *p){
 }
 
 /*
-** Set the 32-bit cookie value stored at the start of all structure 
+** Set the 32-bit cookie value stored at the start of all structure
 ** records to the value passed as the second argument.
 **
 ** Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code if an error
@@ -210830,7 +223001,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexSetCookie(Fts5Index *p, int iNew){
   assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK );
   sqlite3Fts5Put32(aCookie, iNew);
 
-  rc = sqlite3_blob_open(pConfig->db, pConfig->zDb, p->zDataTbl, 
+  rc = sqlite3_blob_open(pConfig->db, pConfig->zDb, p->zDataTbl,
       "block", FTS5_STRUCTURE_ROWID, 1, &pBlob
   );
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -210851,7 +223022,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexLoadConfig(Fts5Index *p){
 
 /*************************************************************************
 **************************************************************************
-** Below this point is the implementation of the integrity-check 
+** Below this point is the implementation of the integrity-check
 ** functionality.
 */
 
@@ -210859,9 +223030,9 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexLoadConfig(Fts5Index *p){
 ** Return a simple checksum value based on the arguments.
 */
 static u64 sqlite3Fts5IndexEntryCksum(
-  i64 iRowid, 
-  int iCol, 
-  int iPos, 
+  i64 iRowid,
+  int iCol,
+  int iPos,
   int iIdx,
   const char *pTerm,
   int nTerm
@@ -210877,15 +223048,15 @@ static u64 sqlite3Fts5IndexEntryCksum(
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 /*
-** This function is purely an internal test. It does not contribute to 
+** This function is purely an internal test. It does not contribute to
 ** FTS functionality, or even the integrity-check, in any way.
 **
-** Instead, it tests that the same set of pgno/rowid combinations are 
+** Instead, it tests that the same set of pgno/rowid combinations are
 ** visited regardless of whether the doclist-index identified by parameters
 ** iSegid/iLeaf is iterated in forwards or reverse order.
 */
 static void fts5TestDlidxReverse(
-  Fts5Index *p, 
+  Fts5Index *p,
   int iSegid,                     /* Segment id to load from */
   int iLeaf                       /* Load doclist-index for this leaf */
 ){
@@ -210959,13 +223130,44 @@ static int fts5QueryCksum(
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** Check if buffer z[], size n bytes, contains as series of valid utf-8
+** encoded codepoints. If so, return 0. Otherwise, if the buffer does not
+** contain valid utf-8, return non-zero.
+*/
+static int fts5TestUtf8(const char *z, int n){
+  int i = 0;
+  assert_nc( n>0 );
+  while( i<n ){
+    if( (z[i] & 0x80)==0x00 ){
+      i++;
+    }else
+    if( (z[i] & 0xE0)==0xC0 ){
+      if( i+1>=n || (z[i+1] & 0xC0)!=0x80 ) return 1;
+      i += 2;
+    }else
+    if( (z[i] & 0xF0)==0xE0 ){
+      if( i+2>=n || (z[i+1] & 0xC0)!=0x80 || (z[i+2] & 0xC0)!=0x80 ) return 1;
+      i += 3;
+    }else
+    if( (z[i] & 0xF8)==0xF0 ){
+      if( i+3>=n || (z[i+1] & 0xC0)!=0x80 || (z[i+2] & 0xC0)!=0x80 ) return 1;
+      if( (z[i+2] & 0xC0)!=0x80 ) return 1;
+      i += 3;
+    }else{
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
 
 /*
-** This function is also purely an internal test. It does not contribute to 
+** This function is also purely an internal test. It does not contribute to
 ** FTS functionality, or even the integrity-check, in any way.
 */
 static void fts5TestTerm(
-  Fts5Index *p, 
+  Fts5Index *p,
   Fts5Buffer *pPrev,              /* Previous term */
   const char *z, int n,           /* Possibly new term to test */
   u64 expected,
@@ -210994,13 +223196,19 @@ static void fts5TestTerm(
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && ck1!=ck2 ) rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
 
     /* If this is a prefix query, check that the results returned if the
-    ** the index is disabled are the same. In both ASC and DESC order. 
+    ** the index is disabled are the same. In both ASC and DESC order.
     **
     ** This check may only be performed if the hash table is empty. This
     ** is because the hash table only supports a single scan query at
     ** a time, and the multi-iter loop from which this function is called
-    ** is already performing such a scan. */
-    if( p->nPendingData==0 ){
+    ** is already performing such a scan.
+    **
+    ** Also only do this if buffer zTerm contains nTerm bytes of valid
+    ** utf-8. Otherwise, the last part of the buffer contents might contain
+    ** a non-utf-8 sequence that happens to be a prefix of a valid utf-8
+    ** character stored in the main fts index, which will cause the
+    ** test to fail.  */
+    if( p->nPendingData==0 && 0==fts5TestUtf8(zTerm, nTerm) ){
       if( iIdx>0 && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         int f = flags|FTS5INDEX_QUERY_TEST_NOIDX;
         ck2 = 0;
@@ -211025,7 +223233,7 @@ static void fts5TestTerm(
   }
   p->rc = rc;
 }
- 
+
 #else
 # define fts5TestDlidxReverse(x,y,z)
 # define fts5TestTerm(u,v,w,x,y,z)
@@ -211123,7 +223331,8 @@ static void fts5IndexIntegrityCheckSegment(
   if( pSeg->pgnoFirst==0 ) return;
 
   fts5IndexPrepareStmt(p, &pStmt, sqlite3_mprintf(
-      "SELECT segid, term, (pgno>>1), (pgno&1) FROM %Q.'%q_idx' WHERE segid=%d",
+      "SELECT segid, term, (pgno>>1), (pgno&1) FROM %Q.'%q_idx' WHERE segid=%d "
+      "ORDER BY 1, 2",
       pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName, pSeg->iSegid
   ));
 
@@ -211132,12 +223341,12 @@ static void fts5IndexIntegrityCheckSegment(
     i64 iRow;                     /* Rowid for this leaf */
     Fts5Data *pLeaf;              /* Data for this leaf */
 
+    const char *zIdxTerm = (const char*)sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, 1);
     int nIdxTerm = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 1);
-    const char *zIdxTerm = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1);
     int iIdxLeaf = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 2);
     int bIdxDlidx = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 3);
 
-    /* If the leaf in question has already been trimmed from the segment, 
+    /* If the leaf in question has already been trimmed from the segment,
     ** ignore this b-tree entry. Otherwise, load it into memory. */
     if( iIdxLeaf<pSeg->pgnoFirst ) continue;
     iRow = FTS5_SEGMENT_ROWID(pSeg->iSegid, iIdxLeaf);
@@ -211158,11 +223367,11 @@ static void fts5IndexIntegrityCheckSegment(
 
       iOff = fts5LeafFirstTermOff(pLeaf);
       iRowidOff = fts5LeafFirstRowidOff(pLeaf);
-      if( iRowidOff>=iOff ){
+      if( iRowidOff>=iOff || iOff>=pLeaf->szLeaf ){
         p->rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
       }else{
         iOff += fts5GetVarint32(&pLeaf->p[iOff], nTerm);
-        res = memcmp(&pLeaf->p[iOff], zIdxTerm, MIN(nTerm, nIdxTerm));
+        res = fts5Memcmp(&pLeaf->p[iOff], zIdxTerm, MIN(nTerm, nIdxTerm));
         if( res==0 ) res = nTerm - nIdxTerm;
         if( res<0 ) p->rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
       }
@@ -211245,7 +223454,7 @@ static void fts5IndexIntegrityCheckSegment(
 
 
 /*
-** Run internal checks to ensure that the FTS index (a) is internally 
+** Run internal checks to ensure that the FTS index (a) is internally
 ** consistent and (b) contains entries for which the XOR of the checksums
 ** as calculated by sqlite3Fts5IndexEntryCksum() is cksum.
 **
@@ -211254,7 +223463,7 @@ static void fts5IndexIntegrityCheckSegment(
 ** error, or some other SQLite error code if another error (e.g. OOM)
 ** occurs.
 */
-static int sqlite3Fts5IndexIntegrityCheck(Fts5Index *p, u64 cksum){
+static int sqlite3Fts5IndexIntegrityCheck(Fts5Index *p, u64 cksum, int bUseCksum){
   int eDetail = p->pConfig->eDetail;
   u64 cksum2 = 0;                 /* Checksum based on contents of indexes */
   Fts5Buffer poslist = {0,0,0};   /* Buffer used to hold a poslist */
@@ -211267,7 +223476,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexIntegrityCheck(Fts5Index *p, u64 cksum){
   Fts5Buffer term = {0,0,0};      /* Buffer used to hold most recent term */
 #endif
   const int flags = FTS5INDEX_QUERY_NOOUTPUT;
-  
+
   /* Load the FTS index structure */
   pStruct = fts5StructureRead(p);
 
@@ -211289,7 +223498,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexIntegrityCheck(Fts5Index *p, u64 cksum){
   **
   ** Two versions of the same checksum are calculated. The first (stack
   ** variable cksum2) based on entries extracted from the full-text index
-  ** while doing a linear scan of each individual index in turn. 
+  ** while doing a linear scan of each individual index in turn.
   **
   ** As each term visited by the linear scans, a separate query for the
   ** same term is performed. cksum3 is calculated based on the entries
@@ -211315,6 +223524,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexIntegrityCheck(Fts5Index *p, u64 cksum){
     }else{
       poslist.n = 0;
       fts5SegiterPoslist(p, &pIter->aSeg[pIter->aFirst[1].iFirst], 0, &poslist);
+      fts5BufferAppendBlob(&p->rc, &poslist, 4, (const u8*)"\0\0\0\0");
       while( 0==sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(poslist.p, poslist.n, &iOff, &iPos) ){
         int iCol = FTS5_POS2COLUMN(iPos);
         int iTokOff = FTS5_POS2OFFSET(iPos);
@@ -211325,7 +223535,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexIntegrityCheck(Fts5Index *p, u64 cksum){
   fts5TestTerm(p, &term, 0, 0, cksum2, &cksum3);
 
   fts5MultiIterFree(pIter);
-  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && cksum!=cksum2 ) p->rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && bUseCksum && cksum!=cksum2 ) p->rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
 
   fts5StructureRelease(pStruct);
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
@@ -211391,12 +223601,12 @@ static void fts5DebugStructure(
 
   for(iLvl=0; iLvl<p->nLevel; iLvl++){
     Fts5StructureLevel *pLvl = &p->aLevel[iLvl];
-    sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendPrintf(pRc, pBuf, 
+    sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendPrintf(pRc, pBuf,
         " {lvl=%d nMerge=%d nSeg=%d", iLvl, pLvl->nMerge, pLvl->nSeg
     );
     for(iSeg=0; iSeg<pLvl->nSeg; iSeg++){
       Fts5StructureSegment *pSeg = &pLvl->aSeg[iSeg];
-      sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendPrintf(pRc, pBuf, " {id=%d leaves=%d..%d}", 
+      sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendPrintf(pRc, pBuf, " {id=%d leaves=%d..%d}",
           pSeg->iSegid, pSeg->pgnoFirst, pSeg->pgnoLast
       );
     }
@@ -211409,7 +223619,7 @@ static void fts5DebugStructure(
 **
 ** Arguments pBlob/nBlob contain a serialized Fts5Structure object. This
 ** function appends a human-readable representation of the same object
-** to the buffer passed as the second argument. 
+** to the buffer passed as the second argument.
 */
 static void fts5DecodeStructure(
   int *pRc,                       /* IN/OUT: error code */
@@ -211432,9 +223642,9 @@ static void fts5DecodeStructure(
 /*
 ** This is part of the fts5_decode() debugging aid.
 **
-** Arguments pBlob/nBlob contain an "averages" record. This function 
-** appends a human-readable representation of record to the buffer passed 
-** as the second argument. 
+** Arguments pBlob/nBlob contain an "averages" record. This function
+** appends a human-readable representation of record to the buffer passed
+** as the second argument.
 */
 static void fts5DecodeAverages(
   int *pRc,                       /* IN/OUT: error code */
@@ -211473,7 +223683,7 @@ static int fts5DecodePoslist(int *pRc, Fts5Buffer *pBuf, const u8 *a, int n){
 ** The start of buffer (a/n) contains the start of a doclist. The doclist
 ** may or may not finish within the buffer. This function appends a text
 ** representation of the part of the doclist that is present to buffer
-** pBuf. 
+** pBuf.
 **
 ** The return value is the number of bytes read from the input buffer.
 */
@@ -211503,7 +223713,7 @@ static int fts5DecodeDoclist(int *pRc, Fts5Buffer *pBuf, const u8 *a, int n){
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is part of the fts5_decode() debugging function. It is 
+** This function is part of the fts5_decode() debugging function. It is
 ** only ever used with detail=none tables.
 **
 ** Buffer (pData/nData) contains a doclist in the format used by detail=none
@@ -211557,7 +223767,7 @@ static void fts5DecodeFunction(
   u8 *a = 0;
   Fts5Buffer s;                   /* Build up text to return here */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
-  int nSpace = 0;
+  sqlite3_int64 nSpace = 0;
   int eDetailNone = (sqlite3_user_data(pCtx)!=0);
 
   assert( nArg==2 );
@@ -211573,8 +223783,7 @@ static void fts5DecodeFunction(
   nSpace = n + FTS5_DATA_ZERO_PADDING;
   a = (u8*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, nSpace);
   if( a==0 ) goto decode_out;
-  memcpy(a, aBlob, n);
-
+  if( n>0 ) memcpy(a, aBlob, n);
 
   fts5DecodeRowid(iRowid, &iSegid, &bDlidx, &iHeight, &iPgno);
 
@@ -211591,7 +223800,7 @@ static void fts5DecodeFunction(
     lvl.iLeafPgno = iPgno;
 
     for(fts5DlidxLvlNext(&lvl); lvl.bEof==0; fts5DlidxLvlNext(&lvl)){
-      sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendPrintf(&rc, &s, 
+      sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendPrintf(&rc, &s,
           " %d(%lld)", lvl.iLeafPgno, lvl.iRowid
       );
     }
@@ -211669,6 +223878,9 @@ static void fts5DecodeFunction(
       iPgidxOff = szLeaf = fts5GetU16(&a[2]);
       if( iPgidxOff<n ){
         fts5GetVarint32(&a[iPgidxOff], iTermOff);
+      }else if( iPgidxOff>n ){
+        rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+        goto decode_out;
       }
     }
 
@@ -211680,18 +223892,26 @@ static void fts5DecodeFunction(
     }else{
       iOff = szLeaf;
     }
+    if( iOff>n ){
+      rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+      goto decode_out;
+    }
     fts5DecodePoslist(&rc, &s, &a[4], iOff-4);
 
     /* Decode any more doclist data that appears on the page before the
     ** first term. */
     nDoclist = (iTermOff ? iTermOff : szLeaf) - iOff;
+    if( nDoclist+iOff>n ){
+      rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+      goto decode_out;
+    }
     fts5DecodeDoclist(&rc, &s, &a[iOff], nDoclist);
 
-    while( iPgidxOff<n ){
+    while( iPgidxOff<n && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       int bFirst = (iPgidxOff==szLeaf);     /* True for first term on page */
       int nByte;                            /* Bytes of data */
       int iEnd;
-      
+
       iPgidxOff += fts5GetVarint32(&a[iPgidxOff], nByte);
       iPgidxPrev += nByte;
       iOff = iPgidxPrev;
@@ -211702,12 +223922,24 @@ static void fts5DecodeFunction(
       }else{
         iEnd = szLeaf;
       }
+      if( iEnd>szLeaf ){
+        rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+        break;
+      }
 
       if( bFirst==0 ){
         iOff += fts5GetVarint32(&a[iOff], nByte);
+        if( nByte>term.n ){
+          rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+          break;
+        }
         term.n = nByte;
       }
       iOff += fts5GetVarint32(&a[iOff], nByte);
+      if( iOff+nByte>n ){
+        rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+        break;
+      }
       fts5BufferAppendBlob(&rc, &term, nByte, &a[iOff]);
       iOff += nByte;
 
@@ -211719,7 +223951,7 @@ static void fts5DecodeFunction(
 
     fts5BufferFree(&term);
   }
-  
+
  decode_out:
   sqlite3_free(a);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -211747,7 +223979,7 @@ static void fts5RowidFunction(
       i64 iRowid;
       int segid, pgno;
       if( nArg!=3 ){
-        sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, 
+        sqlite3_result_error(pCtx,
             "should be: fts5_rowid('segment', segid, pgno))", -1
         );
       }else{
@@ -211757,7 +223989,7 @@ static void fts5RowidFunction(
         sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, iRowid);
       }
     }else{
-      sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, 
+      sqlite3_result_error(pCtx,
         "first arg to fts5_rowid() must be 'segment'" , -1
       );
     }
@@ -211779,7 +224011,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexInit(sqlite3 *db){
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sqlite3_create_function(
-        db, "fts5_decode_none", 2, 
+        db, "fts5_decode_none", 2,
         SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)db, fts5DecodeFunction, 0, 0
     );
   }
@@ -211831,14 +224063,14 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_fts5_may_be_corrupt = 1;
 typedef struct Fts5Auxdata Fts5Auxdata;
 typedef struct Fts5Auxiliary Fts5Auxiliary;
 typedef struct Fts5Cursor Fts5Cursor;
+typedef struct Fts5FullTable Fts5FullTable;
 typedef struct Fts5Sorter Fts5Sorter;
-typedef struct Fts5Table Fts5Table;
 typedef struct Fts5TokenizerModule Fts5TokenizerModule;
 
 /*
-** NOTES ON TRANSACTIONS: 
+** NOTES ON TRANSACTIONS:
 **
-** SQLite invokes the following virtual table methods as transactions are 
+** SQLite invokes the following virtual table methods as transactions are
 ** opened and closed by the user:
 **
 **     xBegin():    Start of a new transaction.
@@ -211847,7 +224079,7 @@ typedef struct Fts5TokenizerModule Fts5TokenizerModule;
 **     xRollback(): Rollback the transaction.
 **
 ** Anything that is required as part of a commit that may fail is performed
-** in the xSync() callback. Current versions of SQLite ignore any errors 
+** in the xSync() callback. Current versions of SQLite ignore any errors
 ** returned by xCommit().
 **
 ** And as sub-transactions are opened/closed:
@@ -211856,9 +224088,9 @@ typedef struct Fts5TokenizerModule Fts5TokenizerModule;
 **     xRelease(int S):    Commit and close savepoint S.
 **     xRollbackTo(int S): Rollback to start of savepoint S.
 **
-** During a write-transaction the fts5_index.c module may cache some data 
+** During a write-transaction the fts5_index.c module may cache some data
 ** in-memory. It is flushed to disk whenever xSync(), xRelease() or
-** xSavepoint() is called. And discarded whenever xRollback() or xRollbackTo() 
+** xSavepoint() is called. And discarded whenever xRollback() or xRollbackTo()
 ** is called.
 **
 ** Additionally, if SQLITE_DEBUG is defined, an instance of the following
@@ -211872,13 +224104,13 @@ struct Fts5TransactionState {
 };
 
 /*
-** A single object of this type is allocated when the FTS5 module is 
+** A single object of this type is allocated when the FTS5 module is
 ** registered with a database handle. It is used to store pointers to
 ** all registered FTS5 extensions - tokenizers and auxiliary functions.
 */
 struct Fts5Global {
   fts5_api api;                   /* User visible part of object (see fts5.h) */
-  sqlite3 *db;                    /* Associated database connection */ 
+  sqlite3 *db;                    /* Associated database connection */
   i64 iNextId;                    /* Used to allocate unique cursor ids */
   Fts5Auxiliary *pAux;            /* First in list of all aux. functions */
   Fts5TokenizerModule *pTok;      /* First in list of all tokenizer modules */
@@ -211913,13 +224145,8 @@ struct Fts5TokenizerModule {
   Fts5TokenizerModule *pNext;     /* Next registered tokenizer module */
 };
 
-/*
-** Virtual-table object.
-*/
-struct Fts5Table {
-  sqlite3_vtab base;              /* Base class used by SQLite core */
-  Fts5Config *pConfig;            /* Virtual table configuration */
-  Fts5Index *pIndex;              /* Full-text index */
+struct Fts5FullTable {
+  Fts5Table p;                    /* Public class members from fts5Int.h */
   Fts5Storage *pStorage;          /* Document store */
   Fts5Global *pGlobal;            /* Global (connection wide) data */
   Fts5Cursor *pSortCsr;           /* Sort data from this cursor */
@@ -211939,7 +224166,7 @@ struct Fts5MatchPhrase {
 **
 ** aIdx[]:
 **   There is one entry in the aIdx[] array for each phrase in the query,
-**   the value of which is the offset within aPoslist[] following the last 
+**   the value of which is the offset within aPoslist[] following the last
 **   byte of the position list for the corresponding phrase.
 */
 struct Fts5Sorter {
@@ -211955,8 +224182,8 @@ struct Fts5Sorter {
 ** Virtual-table cursor object.
 **
 ** iSpecial:
-**   If this is a 'special' query (refer to function fts5SpecialMatch()), 
-**   then this variable contains the result of the query. 
+**   If this is a 'special' query (refer to function fts5SpecialMatch()),
+**   then this variable contains the result of the query.
 **
 ** iFirstRowid, iLastRowid:
 **   These variables are only used for FTS5_PLAN_MATCH cursors. Assuming the
@@ -212007,7 +224234,7 @@ struct Fts5Cursor {
 };
 
 /*
-** Bits that make up the "idxNum" parameter passed indirectly by 
+** Bits that make up the "idxNum" parameter passed indirectly by
 ** xBestIndex() to xFilter().
 */
 #define FTS5_BI_MATCH        0x0001         /* <tbl> MATCH ? */
@@ -212057,7 +224284,7 @@ struct Fts5Auxdata {
 #define FTS5_SAVEPOINT  5
 #define FTS5_RELEASE    6
 #define FTS5_ROLLBACKTO 7
-static void fts5CheckTransactionState(Fts5Table *p, int op, int iSavepoint){
+static void fts5CheckTransactionState(Fts5FullTable *p, int op, int iSavepoint){
   switch( op ){
     case FTS5_BEGIN:
       assert( p->ts.eState==0 );
@@ -212086,7 +224313,7 @@ static void fts5CheckTransactionState(Fts5Table *p, int op, int iSavepoint){
       assert( iSavepoint>=p->ts.iSavepoint );
       p->ts.iSavepoint = iSavepoint;
       break;
-      
+
     case FTS5_RELEASE:
       assert( p->ts.eState==1 );
       assert( iSavepoint>=0 );
@@ -212096,8 +224323,11 @@ static void fts5CheckTransactionState(Fts5Table *p, int op, int iSavepoint){
 
     case FTS5_ROLLBACKTO:
       assert( p->ts.eState==1 );
-      assert( iSavepoint>=0 );
-      assert( iSavepoint<=p->ts.iSavepoint );
+      assert( iSavepoint>=-1 );
+      /* The following assert() can fail if another vtab strikes an error
+      ** within an xSavepoint() call then SQLite calls xRollbackTo() - without
+      ** having called xSavepoint() on this vtab.  */
+      /* assert( iSavepoint<=p->ts.iSavepoint ); */
       p->ts.iSavepoint = iSavepoint;
       break;
   }
@@ -212109,18 +224339,18 @@ static void fts5CheckTransactionState(Fts5Table *p, int op, int iSavepoint){
 /*
 ** Return true if pTab is a contentless table.
 */
-static int fts5IsContentless(Fts5Table *pTab){
-  return pTab->pConfig->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NONE;
+static int fts5IsContentless(Fts5FullTable *pTab){
+  return pTab->p.pConfig->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NONE;
 }
 
 /*
-** Delete a virtual table handle allocated by fts5InitVtab(). 
+** Delete a virtual table handle allocated by fts5InitVtab().
 */
-static void fts5FreeVtab(Fts5Table *pTab){
+static void fts5FreeVtab(Fts5FullTable *pTab){
   if( pTab ){
-    sqlite3Fts5IndexClose(pTab->pIndex);
+    sqlite3Fts5IndexClose(pTab->p.pIndex);
     sqlite3Fts5StorageClose(pTab->pStorage);
-    sqlite3Fts5ConfigFree(pTab->pConfig);
+    sqlite3Fts5ConfigFree(pTab->p.pConfig);
     sqlite3_free(pTab);
   }
 }
@@ -212129,7 +224359,7 @@ static void fts5FreeVtab(Fts5Table *pTab){
 ** The xDisconnect() virtual table method.
 */
 static int fts5DisconnectMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
-  fts5FreeVtab((Fts5Table*)pVtab);
+  fts5FreeVtab((Fts5FullTable*)pVtab);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -212140,7 +224370,7 @@ static int fts5DestroyMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
   Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)pVtab;
   int rc = sqlite3Fts5DropAll(pTab->pConfig);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    fts5FreeVtab((Fts5Table*)pVtab);
+    fts5FreeVtab((Fts5FullTable*)pVtab);
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -212169,28 +224399,28 @@ static int fts5InitVtab(
   const char **azConfig = (const char**)argv;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
   Fts5Config *pConfig = 0;        /* Results of parsing argc/argv */
-  Fts5Table *pTab = 0;            /* New virtual table object */
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = 0;        /* New virtual table object */
 
   /* Allocate the new vtab object and parse the configuration */
-  pTab = (Fts5Table*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, sizeof(Fts5Table));
+  pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, sizeof(Fts5FullTable));
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sqlite3Fts5ConfigParse(pGlobal, db, argc, azConfig, &pConfig, pzErr);
     assert( (rc==SQLITE_OK && *pzErr==0) || pConfig==0 );
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pTab->pConfig = pConfig;
+    pTab->p.pConfig = pConfig;
     pTab->pGlobal = pGlobal;
   }
 
   /* Open the index sub-system */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexOpen(pConfig, bCreate, &pTab->pIndex, pzErr);
+    rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexOpen(pConfig, bCreate, &pTab->p.pIndex, pzErr);
   }
 
   /* Open the storage sub-system */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageOpen(
-        pConfig, pTab->pIndex, bCreate, &pTab->pStorage, pzErr
+        pConfig, pTab->p.pIndex, bCreate, &pTab->pStorage, pzErr
     );
   }
 
@@ -212203,8 +224433,8 @@ static int fts5InitVtab(
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     assert( pConfig->pzErrmsg==0 );
     pConfig->pzErrmsg = pzErr;
-    rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexLoadConfig(pTab->pIndex);
-    sqlite3Fts5IndexRollback(pTab->pIndex);
+    rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexLoadConfig(pTab->p.pIndex);
+    sqlite3Fts5IndexRollback(pTab->p.pIndex);
     pConfig->pzErrmsg = 0;
   }
 
@@ -212269,21 +224499,62 @@ static void fts5SetUniqueFlag(sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
 #endif
 }
 
+static int fts5UsePatternMatch(
+  Fts5Config *pConfig,
+  struct sqlite3_index_constraint *p
+){
+  assert( FTS5_PATTERN_GLOB==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB );
+  assert( FTS5_PATTERN_LIKE==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE );
+  if( pConfig->ePattern==FTS5_PATTERN_GLOB && p->op==FTS5_PATTERN_GLOB ){
+    return 1;
+  }
+  if( pConfig->ePattern==FTS5_PATTERN_LIKE
+   && (p->op==FTS5_PATTERN_LIKE || p->op==FTS5_PATTERN_GLOB)
+  ){
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
 /*
-** Implementation of the xBestIndex method for FTS5 tables. Within the 
+** Implementation of the xBestIndex method for FTS5 tables. Within the
 ** WHERE constraint, it searches for the following:
 **
-**   1. A MATCH constraint against the special column.
+**   1. A MATCH constraint against the table column.
 **   2. A MATCH constraint against the "rank" column.
-**   3. An == constraint against the rowid column.
-**   4. A < or <= constraint against the rowid column.
-**   5. A > or >= constraint against the rowid column.
+**   3. A MATCH constraint against some other column.
+**   4. An == constraint against the rowid column.
+**   5. A < or <= constraint against the rowid column.
+**   6. A > or >= constraint against the rowid column.
 **
-** Within the ORDER BY, either:
+** Within the ORDER BY, the following are supported:
 **
 **   5. ORDER BY rank [ASC|DESC]
 **   6. ORDER BY rowid [ASC|DESC]
 **
+** Information for the xFilter call is passed via both the idxNum and
+** idxStr variables. Specifically, idxNum is a bitmask of the following
+** flags used to encode the ORDER BY clause:
+**
+**     FTS5_BI_ORDER_RANK
+**     FTS5_BI_ORDER_ROWID
+**     FTS5_BI_ORDER_DESC
+**
+** idxStr is used to encode data from the WHERE clause. For each argument
+** passed to the xFilter method, the following is appended to idxStr:
+**
+**   Match against table column:            "m"
+**   Match against rank column:             "r"
+**   Match against other column:            "M<column-number>"
+**   LIKE  against other column:            "L<column-number>"
+**   GLOB  against other column:            "G<column-number>"
+**   Equality constraint against the rowid: "="
+**   A < or <= against the rowid:           "<"
+**   A > or >= against the rowid:           ">"
+**
+** This function ensures that there is at most one "r" or "=". And that if
+** there exists an "=" then there is no "<" or ">".
+**
 ** Costs are assigned as follows:
 **
 **  a) If an unusable MATCH operator is present in the WHERE clause, the
@@ -212311,32 +224582,18 @@ static int fts5BestIndexMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info *pInfo){
   Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->pConfig;
   const int nCol = pConfig->nCol;
   int idxFlags = 0;               /* Parameter passed through to xFilter() */
-  int bHasMatch;
-  int iNext;
   int i;
 
-  struct Constraint {
-    int op;                       /* Mask against sqlite3_index_constraint.op */
-    int fts5op;                   /* FTS5 mask for idxFlags */
-    int iCol;                     /* 0==rowid, 1==tbl, 2==rank */
-    int omit;                     /* True to omit this if found */
-    int iConsIndex;               /* Index in pInfo->aConstraint[] */
-  } aConstraint[] = {
-    {SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH|SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ, 
-                                    FTS5_BI_MATCH,    1, 1, -1},
-    {SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH|SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ, 
-                                    FTS5_BI_RANK,     2, 1, -1},
-    {SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ,    FTS5_BI_ROWID_EQ, 0, 0, -1},
-    {SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT|SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE, 
-                                    FTS5_BI_ROWID_LE, 0, 0, -1},
-    {SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT|SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE, 
-                                    FTS5_BI_ROWID_GE, 0, 0, -1},
-  };
+  char *idxStr;
+  int iIdxStr = 0;
+  int iCons = 0;
+
+  int bSeenEq = 0;
+  int bSeenGt = 0;
+  int bSeenLt = 0;
+  int bSeenMatch = 0;
+  int bSeenRank = 0;
 
-  int aColMap[3];
-  aColMap[0] = -1;
-  aColMap[1] = nCol;
-  aColMap[2] = nCol+1;
 
   assert( SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ<SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH );
   assert( SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT<SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH );
@@ -212344,40 +224601,89 @@ static int fts5BestIndexMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info *pInfo){
   assert( SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE<SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH );
   assert( SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE<SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH );
 
-  /* Set idxFlags flags for all WHERE clause terms that will be used. */
+  if( pConfig->bLock ){
+    pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
+        "recursively defined fts5 content table"
+    );
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  idxStr = (char*)sqlite3_malloc(pInfo->nConstraint * 8 + 1);
+  if( idxStr==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  pInfo->idxStr = idxStr;
+  pInfo->needToFreeIdxStr = 1;
+
   for(i=0; i<pInfo->nConstraint; i++){
     struct sqlite3_index_constraint *p = &pInfo->aConstraint[i];
     int iCol = p->iColumn;
-
-    if( (p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH && iCol>=0 && iCol<=nCol)
-     || (p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ && iCol==nCol)
+    if( p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH
+     || (p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ && iCol>=nCol)
     ){
       /* A MATCH operator or equivalent */
-      if( p->usable ){
-        idxFlags = (idxFlags & 0xFFFF) | FTS5_BI_MATCH | (iCol << 16);
-        aConstraint[0].iConsIndex = i;
-      }else{
-        /* As there exists an unusable MATCH constraint this is an 
+      if( p->usable==0 || iCol<0 ){
+        /* As there exists an unusable MATCH constraint this is an
         ** unusable plan. Set a prohibitively high cost. */
         pInfo->estimatedCost = 1e50;
+        assert( iIdxStr < pInfo->nConstraint*6 + 1 );
+        idxStr[iIdxStr] = 0;
         return SQLITE_OK;
-      }
-    }else if( p->op<=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH ){
-      int j;
-      for(j=1; j<ArraySize(aConstraint); j++){
-        struct Constraint *pC = &aConstraint[j];
-        if( iCol==aColMap[pC->iCol] && (p->op & pC->op) && p->usable ){
-          pC->iConsIndex = i;
-          idxFlags |= pC->fts5op;
+      }else{
+        if( iCol==nCol+1 ){
+          if( bSeenRank ) continue;
+          idxStr[iIdxStr++] = 'r';
+          bSeenRank = 1;
+        }else if( iCol>=0 ){
+          bSeenMatch = 1;
+          idxStr[iIdxStr++] = 'M';
+          sqlite3_snprintf(6, &idxStr[iIdxStr], "%d", iCol);
+          idxStr += strlen(&idxStr[iIdxStr]);
+          assert( idxStr[iIdxStr]=='\0' );
+        }
+        pInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = ++iCons;
+        pInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].omit = 1;
+      }
+    }else if( p->usable ){
+      if( iCol>=0 && iCol<nCol && fts5UsePatternMatch(pConfig, p) ){
+        assert( p->op==FTS5_PATTERN_LIKE || p->op==FTS5_PATTERN_GLOB );
+        idxStr[iIdxStr++] = p->op==FTS5_PATTERN_LIKE ? 'L' : 'G';
+        sqlite3_snprintf(6, &idxStr[iIdxStr], "%d", iCol);
+        idxStr += strlen(&idxStr[iIdxStr]);
+        pInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = ++iCons;
+        assert( idxStr[iIdxStr]=='\0' );
+      }else if( bSeenEq==0 && p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ && iCol<0 ){
+        idxStr[iIdxStr++] = '=';
+        bSeenEq = 1;
+        pInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = ++iCons;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( bSeenEq==0 ){
+    for(i=0; i<pInfo->nConstraint; i++){
+      struct sqlite3_index_constraint *p = &pInfo->aConstraint[i];
+      if( p->iColumn<0 && p->usable ){
+        int op = p->op;
+        if( op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT || op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE ){
+          if( bSeenLt ) continue;
+          idxStr[iIdxStr++] = '<';
+          pInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = ++iCons;
+          bSeenLt = 1;
+        }else
+        if( op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT || op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE ){
+          if( bSeenGt ) continue;
+          idxStr[iIdxStr++] = '>';
+          pInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = ++iCons;
+          bSeenGt = 1;
         }
       }
     }
   }
+  idxStr[iIdxStr] = '\0';
 
   /* Set idxFlags flags for the ORDER BY clause */
   if( pInfo->nOrderBy==1 ){
     int iSort = pInfo->aOrderBy[0].iColumn;
-    if( iSort==(pConfig->nCol+1) && BitFlagTest(idxFlags, FTS5_BI_MATCH) ){
+    if( iSort==(pConfig->nCol+1) && bSeenMatch ){
       idxFlags |= FTS5_BI_ORDER_RANK;
     }else if( iSort==-1 ){
       idxFlags |= FTS5_BI_ORDER_ROWID;
@@ -212391,33 +224697,22 @@ static int fts5BestIndexMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info *pInfo){
   }
 
   /* Calculate the estimated cost based on the flags set in idxFlags. */
-  bHasMatch = BitFlagTest(idxFlags, FTS5_BI_MATCH);
-  if( BitFlagTest(idxFlags, FTS5_BI_ROWID_EQ) ){
-    pInfo->estimatedCost = bHasMatch ? 100.0 : 10.0;
-    if( bHasMatch==0 ) fts5SetUniqueFlag(pInfo);
-  }else if( BitFlagAllTest(idxFlags, FTS5_BI_ROWID_LE|FTS5_BI_ROWID_GE) ){
-    pInfo->estimatedCost = bHasMatch ? 500.0 : 250000.0;
-  }else if( BitFlagTest(idxFlags, FTS5_BI_ROWID_LE|FTS5_BI_ROWID_GE) ){
-    pInfo->estimatedCost = bHasMatch ? 750.0 : 750000.0;
+  if( bSeenEq ){
+    pInfo->estimatedCost = bSeenMatch ? 100.0 : 10.0;
+    if( bSeenMatch==0 ) fts5SetUniqueFlag(pInfo);
+  }else if( bSeenLt && bSeenGt ){
+    pInfo->estimatedCost = bSeenMatch ? 500.0 : 250000.0;
+  }else if( bSeenLt || bSeenGt ){
+    pInfo->estimatedCost = bSeenMatch ? 750.0 : 750000.0;
   }else{
-    pInfo->estimatedCost = bHasMatch ? 1000.0 : 1000000.0;
-  }
-
-  /* Assign argvIndex values to each constraint in use. */
-  iNext = 1;
-  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aConstraint); i++){
-    struct Constraint *pC = &aConstraint[i];
-    if( pC->iConsIndex>=0 ){
-      pInfo->aConstraintUsage[pC->iConsIndex].argvIndex = iNext++;
-      pInfo->aConstraintUsage[pC->iConsIndex].omit = (unsigned char)pC->omit;
-    }
+    pInfo->estimatedCost = bSeenMatch ? 1000.0 : 1000000.0;
   }
 
   pInfo->idxNum = idxFlags;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-static int fts5NewTransaction(Fts5Table *pTab){
+static int fts5NewTransaction(Fts5FullTable *pTab){
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr;
   for(pCsr=pTab->pGlobal->pCsr; pCsr; pCsr=pCsr->pNext){
     if( pCsr->base.pVtab==(sqlite3_vtab*)pTab ) return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -212429,19 +224724,19 @@ static int fts5NewTransaction(Fts5Table *pTab){
 ** Implementation of xOpen method.
 */
 static int fts5OpenMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCsr){
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)pVTab;
-  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->pConfig;
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)pVTab;
+  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->p.pConfig;
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr = 0;           /* New cursor object */
-  int nByte;                      /* Bytes of space to allocate */
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte;            /* Bytes of space to allocate */
   int rc;                         /* Return code */
 
   rc = fts5NewTransaction(pTab);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     nByte = sizeof(Fts5Cursor) + pConfig->nCol * sizeof(int);
-    pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+    pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
     if( pCsr ){
       Fts5Global *pGlobal = pTab->pGlobal;
-      memset(pCsr, 0, nByte);
+      memset(pCsr, 0, (size_t)nByte);
       pCsr->aColumnSize = (int*)&pCsr[1];
       pCsr->pNext = pGlobal->pCsr;
       pGlobal->pCsr = pCsr;
@@ -212463,20 +224758,20 @@ static int fts5StmtType(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
 
 /*
 ** This function is called after the cursor passed as the only argument
-** is moved to point at a different row. It clears all cached data 
+** is moved to point at a different row. It clears all cached data
 ** specific to the previous row stored by the cursor object.
 */
 static void fts5CsrNewrow(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
-  CsrFlagSet(pCsr, 
-      FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_CONTENT 
-    | FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_DOCSIZE 
-    | FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_INST 
-    | FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_POSLIST 
+  CsrFlagSet(pCsr,
+      FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_CONTENT
+    | FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_DOCSIZE
+    | FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_INST
+    | FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_POSLIST
   );
 }
 
 static void fts5FreeCursorComponents(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
   Fts5Auxdata *pData;
   Fts5Auxdata *pNext;
 
@@ -212510,6 +224805,7 @@ static void fts5FreeCursorComponents(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
     sqlite3_free(pCsr->zRankArgs);
   }
 
+  sqlite3Fts5IndexCloseReader(pTab->p.pIndex);
   memset(&pCsr->ePlan, 0, sizeof(Fts5Cursor) - ((u8*)&pCsr->ePlan - (u8*)pCsr));
 }
 
@@ -212520,7 +224816,7 @@ static void fts5FreeCursorComponents(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
 */
 static int fts5CloseMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
   if( pCursor ){
-    Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)(pCursor->pVtab);
+    Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)(pCursor->pVtab);
     Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCursor;
     Fts5Cursor **pp;
 
@@ -212574,14 +224870,14 @@ static int fts5SorterNext(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
 
 
 /*
-** Set the FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_RESEEK flag on all FTS5_PLAN_MATCH cursors 
+** Set the FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_RESEEK flag on all FTS5_PLAN_MATCH cursors
 ** open on table pTab.
 */
-static void fts5TripCursors(Fts5Table *pTab){
+static void fts5TripCursors(Fts5FullTable *pTab){
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr;
   for(pCsr=pTab->pGlobal->pCsr; pCsr; pCsr=pCsr->pNext){
     if( pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_MATCH
-     && pCsr->base.pVtab==(sqlite3_vtab*)pTab 
+     && pCsr->base.pVtab==(sqlite3_vtab*)pTab
     ){
       CsrFlagSet(pCsr, FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_RESEEK);
     }
@@ -212590,25 +224886,25 @@ static void fts5TripCursors(Fts5Table *pTab){
 
 /*
 ** If the REQUIRE_RESEEK flag is set on the cursor passed as the first
-** argument, close and reopen all Fts5IndexIter iterators that the cursor 
+** argument, close and reopen all Fts5IndexIter iterators that the cursor
 ** is using. Then attempt to move the cursor to a rowid equal to or laster
-** (in the cursors sort order - ASC or DESC) than the current rowid. 
+** (in the cursors sort order - ASC or DESC) than the current rowid.
 **
 ** If the new rowid is not equal to the old, set output parameter *pbSkip
 ** to 1 before returning. Otherwise, leave it unchanged.
 **
-** Return SQLITE_OK if successful or if no reseek was required, or an 
+** Return SQLITE_OK if successful or if no reseek was required, or an
 ** error code if an error occurred.
 */
 static int fts5CursorReseek(Fts5Cursor *pCsr, int *pbSkip){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   assert( *pbSkip==0 );
   if( CsrFlagTest(pCsr, FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_RESEEK) ){
-    Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
+    Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
     int bDesc = pCsr->bDesc;
     i64 iRowid = sqlite3Fts5ExprRowid(pCsr->pExpr);
 
-    rc = sqlite3Fts5ExprFirst(pCsr->pExpr, pTab->pIndex, iRowid, bDesc);
+    rc = sqlite3Fts5ExprFirst(pCsr->pExpr, pTab->p.pIndex, iRowid, bDesc);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK &&  iRowid!=sqlite3Fts5ExprRowid(pCsr->pExpr) ){
       *pbSkip = 1;
     }
@@ -212625,7 +224921,7 @@ static int fts5CursorReseek(Fts5Cursor *pCsr, int *pbSkip){
 
 
 /*
-** Advance the cursor to the next row in the table that matches the 
+** Advance the cursor to the next row in the table that matches the
 ** search criteria.
 **
 ** Return SQLITE_OK if nothing goes wrong.  SQLITE_OK is returned
@@ -212637,7 +224933,7 @@ static int fts5NextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
   int rc;
 
   assert( (pCsr->ePlan<3)==
-          (pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_MATCH || pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_SOURCE) 
+          (pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_MATCH || pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_SOURCE)
   );
   assert( !CsrFlagTest(pCsr, FTS5CSR_EOF) );
 
@@ -212654,31 +224950,40 @@ static int fts5NextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
         rc = SQLITE_OK;
         break;
       }
-  
+
       case FTS5_PLAN_SORTED_MATCH: {
         rc = fts5SorterNext(pCsr);
         break;
       }
-  
-      default:
+
+      default: {
+        Fts5Config *pConfig = ((Fts5Table*)pCursor->pVtab)->pConfig;
+        pConfig->bLock++;
         rc = sqlite3_step(pCsr->pStmt);
+        pConfig->bLock--;
         if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ){
           CsrFlagSet(pCsr, FTS5CSR_EOF);
           rc = sqlite3_reset(pCsr->pStmt);
+          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+            pCursor->pVtab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
+                "%s", sqlite3_errmsg(pConfig->db)
+            );
+          }
         }else{
           rc = SQLITE_OK;
         }
         break;
+      }
     }
   }
-  
+
   return rc;
 }
 
 
 static int fts5PrepareStatement(
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,
-  Fts5Config *pConfig, 
+  Fts5Config *pConfig,
   const char *zFmt,
   ...
 ){
@@ -212690,9 +224995,9 @@ static int fts5PrepareStatement(
   va_start(ap, zFmt);
   zSql = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
   if( zSql==0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM; 
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }else{
-    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pConfig->db, zSql, -1, 
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pConfig->db, zSql, -1,
                             SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, &pRet, 0);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       *pConfig->pzErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(pConfig->db));
@@ -212703,33 +225008,37 @@ static int fts5PrepareStatement(
   va_end(ap);
   *ppStmt = pRet;
   return rc;
-} 
+}
 
-static int fts5CursorFirstSorted(Fts5Table *pTab, Fts5Cursor *pCsr, int bDesc){
-  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->pConfig;
+static int fts5CursorFirstSorted(
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab,
+  Fts5Cursor *pCsr,
+  int bDesc
+){
+  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->p.pConfig;
   Fts5Sorter *pSorter;
   int nPhrase;
-  int nByte;
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte;
   int rc;
   const char *zRank = pCsr->zRank;
   const char *zRankArgs = pCsr->zRankArgs;
-  
+
   nPhrase = sqlite3Fts5ExprPhraseCount(pCsr->pExpr);
   nByte = sizeof(Fts5Sorter) + sizeof(int) * (nPhrase-1);
-  pSorter = (Fts5Sorter*)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+  pSorter = (Fts5Sorter*)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
   if( pSorter==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  memset(pSorter, 0, nByte);
+  memset(pSorter, 0, (size_t)nByte);
   pSorter->nIdx = nPhrase;
 
   /* TODO: It would be better to have some system for reusing statement
   ** handles here, rather than preparing a new one for each query. But that
   ** is not possible as SQLite reference counts the virtual table objects.
-  ** And since the statement required here reads from this very virtual 
+  ** And since the statement required here reads from this very virtual
   ** table, saving it creates a circular reference.
   **
   ** If SQLite a built-in statement cache, this wouldn't be a problem. */
   rc = fts5PrepareStatement(&pSorter->pStmt, pConfig,
-      "SELECT rowid, rank FROM %Q.%Q ORDER BY %s(%s%s%s) %s",
+      "SELECT rowid, rank FROM %Q.%Q ORDER BY %s(\"%w\"%s%s) %s",
       pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName, zRank, pConfig->zName,
       (zRankArgs ? ", " : ""),
       (zRankArgs ? zRankArgs : ""),
@@ -212753,10 +225062,10 @@ static int fts5CursorFirstSorted(Fts5Table *pTab, Fts5Cursor *pCsr, int bDesc){
   return rc;
 }
 
-static int fts5CursorFirst(Fts5Table *pTab, Fts5Cursor *pCsr, int bDesc){
+static int fts5CursorFirst(Fts5FullTable *pTab, Fts5Cursor *pCsr, int bDesc){
   int rc;
   Fts5Expr *pExpr = pCsr->pExpr;
-  rc = sqlite3Fts5ExprFirst(pExpr, pTab->pIndex, pCsr->iFirstRowid, bDesc);
+  rc = sqlite3Fts5ExprFirst(pExpr, pTab->p.pIndex, pCsr->iFirstRowid, bDesc);
   if( sqlite3Fts5ExprEof(pExpr) ){
     CsrFlagSet(pCsr, FTS5CSR_EOF);
   }
@@ -212771,8 +225080,8 @@ static int fts5CursorFirst(Fts5Table *pTab, Fts5Cursor *pCsr, int bDesc){
 ** parameters.
 */
 static int fts5SpecialMatch(
-  Fts5Table *pTab, 
-  Fts5Cursor *pCsr, 
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab,
+  Fts5Cursor *pCsr,
   const char *zQuery
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
@@ -212782,18 +225091,18 @@ static int fts5SpecialMatch(
   while( z[0]==' ' ) z++;
   for(n=0; z[n] && z[n]!=' '; n++);
 
-  assert( pTab->base.zErrMsg==0 );
+  assert( pTab->p.base.zErrMsg==0 );
   pCsr->ePlan = FTS5_PLAN_SPECIAL;
 
-  if( 0==sqlite3_strnicmp("reads", z, n) ){
-    pCsr->iSpecial = sqlite3Fts5IndexReads(pTab->pIndex);
+  if( n==5 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp("reads", z, n) ){
+    pCsr->iSpecial = sqlite3Fts5IndexReads(pTab->p.pIndex);
   }
-  else if( 0==sqlite3_strnicmp("id", z, n) ){
+  else if( n==2 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp("id", z, n) ){
     pCsr->iSpecial = pCsr->iCsrId;
   }
   else{
     /* An unrecognized directive. Return an error message. */
-    pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("unknown special query: %.*s", n, z);
+    pTab->p.base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("unknown special query: %.*s", n, z);
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
 
@@ -212805,7 +225114,7 @@ static int fts5SpecialMatch(
 ** pTab. If one is found, return a pointer to the corresponding Fts5Auxiliary
 ** structure. Otherwise, if no such function exists, return NULL.
 */
-static Fts5Auxiliary *fts5FindAuxiliary(Fts5Table *pTab, const char *zName){
+static Fts5Auxiliary *fts5FindAuxiliary(Fts5FullTable *pTab, const char *zName){
   Fts5Auxiliary *pAux;
 
   for(pAux=pTab->pGlobal->pAux; pAux; pAux=pAux->pNext){
@@ -212818,8 +225127,8 @@ static Fts5Auxiliary *fts5FindAuxiliary(Fts5Table *pTab, const char *zName){
 
 
 static int fts5FindRankFunction(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
-  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->pConfig;
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
+  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->p.pConfig;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   Fts5Auxiliary *pAux = 0;
   const char *zRank = pCsr->zRank;
@@ -212835,7 +225144,7 @@ static int fts5FindRankFunction(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
       assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pCsr->pRankArgStmt==0 );
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
-          int nByte;
+          sqlite3_int64 nByte;
           pCsr->nRankArg = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
           nByte = sizeof(sqlite3_value*)*pCsr->nRankArg;
           pCsr->apRankArg = (sqlite3_value**)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, nByte);
@@ -212857,8 +225166,8 @@ static int fts5FindRankFunction(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     pAux = fts5FindAuxiliary(pTab, zRank);
     if( pAux==0 ){
-      assert( pTab->base.zErrMsg==0 );
-      pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("no such function: %s", zRank);
+      assert( pTab->p.base.zErrMsg==0 );
+      pTab->p.base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("no such function: %s", zRank);
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     }
   }
@@ -212870,7 +225179,7 @@ static int fts5FindRankFunction(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
 
 static int fts5CursorParseRank(
   Fts5Config *pConfig,
-  Fts5Cursor *pCsr, 
+  Fts5Cursor *pCsr,
   sqlite3_value *pRank
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -212919,7 +225228,7 @@ static i64 fts5GetRowidLimit(sqlite3_value *pVal, i64 iDefault){
 ** This is the xFilter interface for the virtual table.  See
 ** the virtual table xFilter method documentation for additional
 ** information.
-** 
+**
 ** There are three possible query strategies:
 **
 **   1. Full-text search using a MATCH operator.
@@ -212929,27 +225238,32 @@ static i64 fts5GetRowidLimit(sqlite3_value *pVal, i64 iDefault){
 static int fts5FilterMethod(
   sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor,   /* The cursor used for this query */
   int idxNum,                     /* Strategy index */
-  const char *zUnused,            /* Unused */
+  const char *idxStr,             /* Unused */
   int nVal,                       /* Number of elements in apVal */
   sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Arguments for the indexing scheme */
 ){
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)(pCursor->pVtab);
-  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->pConfig;
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)(pCursor->pVtab);
+  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->p.pConfig;
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCursor;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Error code */
-  int iVal = 0;                   /* Counter for apVal[] */
   int bDesc;                      /* True if ORDER BY [rank|rowid] DESC */
   int bOrderByRank;               /* True if ORDER BY rank */
-  sqlite3_value *pMatch = 0;      /* <tbl> MATCH ? expression (or NULL) */
   sqlite3_value *pRank = 0;       /* rank MATCH ? expression (or NULL) */
   sqlite3_value *pRowidEq = 0;    /* rowid = ? expression (or NULL) */
   sqlite3_value *pRowidLe = 0;    /* rowid <= ? expression (or NULL) */
   sqlite3_value *pRowidGe = 0;    /* rowid >= ? expression (or NULL) */
   int iCol;                       /* Column on LHS of MATCH operator */
   char **pzErrmsg = pConfig->pzErrmsg;
+  int i;
+  int iIdxStr = 0;
+  Fts5Expr *pExpr = 0;
 
-  UNUSED_PARAM(zUnused);
-  UNUSED_PARAM(nVal);
+  if( pConfig->bLock ){
+    pTab->p.base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
+        "recursively defined fts5 content table"
+    );
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
 
   if( pCsr->ePlan ){
     fts5FreeCursorComponents(pCsr);
@@ -212962,27 +225276,78 @@ static int fts5FilterMethod(
   assert( pCsr->pRank==0 );
   assert( pCsr->zRank==0 );
   assert( pCsr->zRankArgs==0 );
+  assert( pTab->pSortCsr==0 || nVal==0 );
 
-  assert( pzErrmsg==0 || pzErrmsg==&pTab->base.zErrMsg );
-  pConfig->pzErrmsg = &pTab->base.zErrMsg;
+  assert( pzErrmsg==0 || pzErrmsg==&pTab->p.base.zErrMsg );
+  pConfig->pzErrmsg = &pTab->p.base.zErrMsg;
 
-  /* Decode the arguments passed through to this function.
-  **
-  ** Note: The following set of if(...) statements must be in the same
-  ** order as the corresponding entries in the struct at the top of
-  ** fts5BestIndexMethod().  */
-  if( BitFlagTest(idxNum, FTS5_BI_MATCH) ) pMatch = apVal[iVal++];
-  if( BitFlagTest(idxNum, FTS5_BI_RANK) ) pRank = apVal[iVal++];
-  if( BitFlagTest(idxNum, FTS5_BI_ROWID_EQ) ) pRowidEq = apVal[iVal++];
-  if( BitFlagTest(idxNum, FTS5_BI_ROWID_LE) ) pRowidLe = apVal[iVal++];
-  if( BitFlagTest(idxNum, FTS5_BI_ROWID_GE) ) pRowidGe = apVal[iVal++];
-  iCol = (idxNum>>16);
-  assert( iCol>=0 && iCol<=pConfig->nCol );
-  assert( iVal==nVal );
+  /* Decode the arguments passed through to this function. */
+  for(i=0; i<nVal; i++){
+    switch( idxStr[iIdxStr++] ){
+      case 'r':
+        pRank = apVal[i];
+        break;
+      case 'M': {
+        const char *zText = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[i]);
+        if( zText==0 ) zText = "";
+        iCol = 0;
+        do{
+          iCol = iCol*10 + (idxStr[iIdxStr]-'0');
+          iIdxStr++;
+        }while( idxStr[iIdxStr]>='0' && idxStr[iIdxStr]<='9' );
+
+        if( zText[0]=='*' ){
+          /* The user has issued a query of the form "MATCH '*...'". This
+          ** indicates that the MATCH expression is not a full text query,
+          ** but a request for an internal parameter.  */
+          rc = fts5SpecialMatch(pTab, pCsr, &zText[1]);
+          goto filter_out;
+        }else{
+          char **pzErr = &pTab->p.base.zErrMsg;
+          rc = sqlite3Fts5ExprNew(pConfig, 0, iCol, zText, &pExpr, pzErr);
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            rc = sqlite3Fts5ExprAnd(&pCsr->pExpr, pExpr);
+            pExpr = 0;
+          }
+          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto filter_out;
+        }
+
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'L':
+      case 'G': {
+        int bGlob = (idxStr[iIdxStr-1]=='G');
+        const char *zText = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[i]);
+        iCol = 0;
+        do{
+          iCol = iCol*10 + (idxStr[iIdxStr]-'0');
+          iIdxStr++;
+        }while( idxStr[iIdxStr]>='0' && idxStr[iIdxStr]<='9' );
+        if( zText ){
+          rc = sqlite3Fts5ExprPattern(pConfig, bGlob, iCol, zText, &pExpr);
+        }
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          rc = sqlite3Fts5ExprAnd(&pCsr->pExpr, pExpr);
+          pExpr = 0;
+        }
+        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto filter_out;
+        break;
+      }
+      case '=':
+        pRowidEq = apVal[i];
+        break;
+      case '<':
+        pRowidLe = apVal[i];
+        break;
+      default: assert( idxStr[iIdxStr-1]=='>' );
+        pRowidGe = apVal[i];
+        break;
+    }
+  }
   bOrderByRank = ((idxNum & FTS5_BI_ORDER_RANK) ? 1 : 0);
   pCsr->bDesc = bDesc = ((idxNum & FTS5_BI_ORDER_DESC) ? 1 : 0);
 
-  /* Set the cursor upper and lower rowid limits. Only some strategies 
+  /* Set the cursor upper and lower rowid limits. Only some strategies
   ** actually use them. This is ok, as the xBestIndex() method leaves the
   ** sqlite3_index_constraint.omit flag clear for range constraints
   ** on the rowid field.  */
@@ -212998,14 +225363,14 @@ static int fts5FilterMethod(
   }
 
   if( pTab->pSortCsr ){
-    /* If pSortCsr is non-NULL, then this call is being made as part of 
+    /* If pSortCsr is non-NULL, then this call is being made as part of
     ** processing for a "... MATCH <expr> ORDER BY rank" query (ePlan is
     ** set to FTS5_PLAN_SORTED_MATCH). pSortCsr is the cursor that will
-    ** return results to the user for this query. The current cursor 
-    ** (pCursor) is used to execute the query issued by function 
+    ** return results to the user for this query. The current cursor
+    ** (pCursor) is used to execute the query issued by function
     ** fts5CursorFirstSorted() above.  */
     assert( pRowidEq==0 && pRowidLe==0 && pRowidGe==0 && pRank==0 );
-    assert( nVal==0 && pMatch==0 && bOrderByRank==0 && bDesc==0 );
+    assert( nVal==0 && bOrderByRank==0 && bDesc==0 );
     assert( pCsr->iLastRowid==LARGEST_INT64 );
     assert( pCsr->iFirstRowid==SMALLEST_INT64 );
     if( pTab->pSortCsr->bDesc ){
@@ -213018,29 +225383,15 @@ static int fts5FilterMethod(
     pCsr->ePlan = FTS5_PLAN_SOURCE;
     pCsr->pExpr = pTab->pSortCsr->pExpr;
     rc = fts5CursorFirst(pTab, pCsr, bDesc);
-  }else if( pMatch ){
-    const char *zExpr = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]);
-    if( zExpr==0 ) zExpr = "";
-
+  }else if( pCsr->pExpr ){
     rc = fts5CursorParseRank(pConfig, pCsr, pRank);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      if( zExpr[0]=='*' ){
-        /* The user has issued a query of the form "MATCH '*...'". This
-        ** indicates that the MATCH expression is not a full text query,
-        ** but a request for an internal parameter.  */
-        rc = fts5SpecialMatch(pTab, pCsr, &zExpr[1]);
+      if( bOrderByRank ){
+        pCsr->ePlan = FTS5_PLAN_SORTED_MATCH;
+        rc = fts5CursorFirstSorted(pTab, pCsr, bDesc);
       }else{
-        char **pzErr = &pTab->base.zErrMsg;
-        rc = sqlite3Fts5ExprNew(pConfig, iCol, zExpr, &pCsr->pExpr, pzErr);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          if( bOrderByRank ){
-            pCsr->ePlan = FTS5_PLAN_SORTED_MATCH;
-            rc = fts5CursorFirstSorted(pTab, pCsr, bDesc);
-          }else{
-            pCsr->ePlan = FTS5_PLAN_MATCH;
-            rc = fts5CursorFirst(pTab, pCsr, bDesc);
-          }
-        }
+        pCsr->ePlan = FTS5_PLAN_MATCH;
+        rc = fts5CursorFirst(pTab, pCsr, bDesc);
       }
     }
   }else if( pConfig->zContent==0 ){
@@ -213053,11 +225404,11 @@ static int fts5FilterMethod(
     ** by rowid (ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_ROWID).  */
     pCsr->ePlan = (pRowidEq ? FTS5_PLAN_ROWID : FTS5_PLAN_SCAN);
     rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageStmt(
-        pTab->pStorage, fts5StmtType(pCsr), &pCsr->pStmt, &pTab->base.zErrMsg
+        pTab->pStorage, fts5StmtType(pCsr), &pCsr->pStmt, &pTab->p.base.zErrMsg
     );
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       if( pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_ROWID ){
-        sqlite3_bind_value(pCsr->pStmt, 1, apVal[0]);
+        sqlite3_bind_value(pCsr->pStmt, 1, pRowidEq);
       }else{
         sqlite3_bind_int64(pCsr->pStmt, 1, pCsr->iFirstRowid);
         sqlite3_bind_int64(pCsr->pStmt, 2, pCsr->iLastRowid);
@@ -213066,12 +225417,14 @@ static int fts5FilterMethod(
     }
   }
 
+ filter_out:
+  sqlite3Fts5ExprFree(pExpr);
   pConfig->pzErrmsg = pzErrmsg;
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
-** This is the xEof method of the virtual table. SQLite calls this 
+/*
+** This is the xEof method of the virtual table. SQLite calls this
 ** routine to find out if it has reached the end of a result set.
 */
 static int fts5EofMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
@@ -213083,9 +225436,9 @@ static int fts5EofMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
 ** Return the rowid that the cursor currently points to.
 */
 static i64 fts5CursorRowid(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
-  assert( pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_MATCH 
-       || pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_SORTED_MATCH 
-       || pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_SOURCE 
+  assert( pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_MATCH
+       || pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_SORTED_MATCH
+       || pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_SOURCE
   );
   if( pCsr->pSorter ){
     return pCsr->pSorter->iRowid;
@@ -213094,7 +225447,7 @@ static i64 fts5CursorRowid(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
   }
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** This is the xRowid method. The SQLite core calls this routine to
 ** retrieve the rowid for the current row of the result set. fts5
 ** exposes %_content.rowid as the rowid for the virtual table. The
@@ -213103,7 +225456,7 @@ static i64 fts5CursorRowid(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
 static int fts5RowidMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCursor;
   int ePlan = pCsr->ePlan;
-  
+
   assert( CsrFlagTest(pCsr, FTS5CSR_EOF)==0 );
   switch( ePlan ){
     case FTS5_PLAN_SPECIAL:
@@ -213134,22 +225487,25 @@ static int fts5RowidMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
 static int fts5SeekCursor(Fts5Cursor *pCsr, int bErrormsg){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
-  /* If the cursor does not yet have a statement handle, obtain one now. */ 
+  /* If the cursor does not yet have a statement handle, obtain one now. */
   if( pCsr->pStmt==0 ){
-    Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
+    Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
     int eStmt = fts5StmtType(pCsr);
     rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageStmt(
-        pTab->pStorage, eStmt, &pCsr->pStmt, (bErrormsg?&pTab->base.zErrMsg:0)
+        pTab->pStorage, eStmt, &pCsr->pStmt, (bErrormsg?&pTab->p.base.zErrMsg:0)
     );
-    assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || pTab->base.zErrMsg==0 );
+    assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || pTab->p.base.zErrMsg==0 );
     assert( CsrFlagTest(pCsr, FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_CONTENT) );
   }
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && CsrFlagTest(pCsr, FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_CONTENT) ){
+    Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
     assert( pCsr->pExpr );
     sqlite3_reset(pCsr->pStmt);
     sqlite3_bind_int64(pCsr->pStmt, 1, fts5CursorRowid(pCsr));
+    pTab->pConfig->bLock++;
     rc = sqlite3_step(pCsr->pStmt);
+    pTab->pConfig->bLock--;
     if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
       rc = SQLITE_OK;
       CsrFlagClear(pCsr, FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_CONTENT);
@@ -213157,17 +225513,21 @@ static int fts5SeekCursor(Fts5Cursor *pCsr, int bErrormsg){
       rc = sqlite3_reset(pCsr->pStmt);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+      }else if( pTab->pConfig->pzErrmsg ){
+        *pTab->pConfig->pzErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
+            "%s", sqlite3_errmsg(pTab->pConfig->db)
+        );
       }
     }
   }
   return rc;
 }
 
-static void fts5SetVtabError(Fts5Table *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
+static void fts5SetVtabError(Fts5FullTable *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
   va_list ap;                     /* ... printf arguments */
   va_start(ap, zFormat);
-  assert( p->base.zErrMsg==0 );
-  p->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFormat, ap);
+  assert( p->p.base.zErrMsg==0 );
+  p->p.base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFormat, ap);
   va_end(ap);
 }
 
@@ -213178,7 +225538,7 @@ static void fts5SetVtabError(Fts5Table *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
 **     INSERT INTO fts(fts) VALUES($pCmd)
 **     INSERT INTO fts(fts, rank) VALUES($pCmd, $pVal)
 **
-** Argument pVal is the value assigned to column "fts" by the INSERT 
+** Argument pVal is the value assigned to column "fts" by the INSERT
 ** statement. This function returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite
 ** error code if an error occurs.
 **
@@ -213187,17 +225547,17 @@ static void fts5SetVtabError(Fts5Table *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
 ** more commands are added to this function.
 */
 static int fts5SpecialInsert(
-  Fts5Table *pTab,                /* Fts5 table object */
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab,            /* Fts5 table object */
   const char *zCmd,               /* Text inserted into table-name column */
   sqlite3_value *pVal             /* Value inserted into rank column */
 ){
-  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->pConfig;
+  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->p.pConfig;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int bError = 0;
 
   if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp("delete-all", zCmd) ){
     if( pConfig->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NORMAL ){
-      fts5SetVtabError(pTab, 
+      fts5SetVtabError(pTab,
           "'delete-all' may only be used with a "
           "contentless or external content fts5 table"
       );
@@ -213207,7 +225567,7 @@ static int fts5SpecialInsert(
     }
   }else if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp("rebuild", zCmd) ){
     if( pConfig->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NONE ){
-      fts5SetVtabError(pTab, 
+      fts5SetVtabError(pTab,
           "'rebuild' may not be used with a contentless fts5 table"
       );
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
@@ -213220,15 +225580,16 @@ static int fts5SpecialInsert(
     int nMerge = sqlite3_value_int(pVal);
     rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageMerge(pTab->pStorage, nMerge);
   }else if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp("integrity-check", zCmd) ){
-    rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageIntegrity(pTab->pStorage);
+    int iArg = sqlite3_value_int(pVal);
+    rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageIntegrity(pTab->pStorage, iArg);
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   }else if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp("prefix-index", zCmd) ){
     pConfig->bPrefixIndex = sqlite3_value_int(pVal);
 #endif
   }else{
-    rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexLoadConfig(pTab->pIndex);
+    rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexLoadConfig(pTab->p.pIndex);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = sqlite3Fts5ConfigSetValue(pTab->pConfig, zCmd, pVal, &bError);
+      rc = sqlite3Fts5ConfigSetValue(pTab->p.pConfig, zCmd, pVal, &bError);
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       if( bError ){
@@ -213242,7 +225603,7 @@ static int fts5SpecialInsert(
 }
 
 static int fts5SpecialDelete(
-  Fts5Table *pTab, 
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab,
   sqlite3_value **apVal
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -213255,9 +225616,9 @@ static int fts5SpecialDelete(
 }
 
 static void fts5StorageInsert(
-  int *pRc, 
-  Fts5Table *pTab, 
-  sqlite3_value **apVal, 
+  int *pRc,
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab,
+  sqlite3_value **apVal,
   i64 *piRowid
 ){
   int rc = *pRc;
@@ -213270,13 +225631,13 @@ static void fts5StorageInsert(
   *pRc = rc;
 }
 
-/* 
-** This function is the implementation of the xUpdate callback used by 
+/*
+** This function is the implementation of the xUpdate callback used by
 ** FTS3 virtual tables. It is invoked by SQLite each time a row is to be
 ** inserted, updated or deleted.
 **
 ** A delete specifies a single argument - the rowid of the row to remove.
-** 
+**
 ** Update and insert operations pass:
 **
 **   1. The "old" rowid, or NULL.
@@ -213290,8 +225651,8 @@ static int fts5UpdateMethod(
   sqlite3_value **apVal,          /* Array of arguments */
   sqlite_int64 *pRowid            /* OUT: The affected (or effected) rowid */
 ){
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)pVtab;
-  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->pConfig;
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)pVtab;
+  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->p.pConfig;
   int eType0;                     /* value_type() of apVal[0] */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
 
@@ -213300,24 +225661,23 @@ static int fts5UpdateMethod(
 
   assert( pVtab->zErrMsg==0 );
   assert( nArg==1 || nArg==(2+pConfig->nCol+2) );
-  assert( nArg==1 
-      || sqlite3_value_type(apVal[1])==SQLITE_INTEGER 
-      || sqlite3_value_type(apVal[1])==SQLITE_NULL 
+  assert( sqlite3_value_type(apVal[0])==SQLITE_INTEGER
+       || sqlite3_value_type(apVal[0])==SQLITE_NULL
   );
-  assert( pTab->pConfig->pzErrmsg==0 );
-  pTab->pConfig->pzErrmsg = &pTab->base.zErrMsg;
+  assert( pTab->p.pConfig->pzErrmsg==0 );
+  pTab->p.pConfig->pzErrmsg = &pTab->p.base.zErrMsg;
 
   /* Put any active cursors into REQUIRE_SEEK state. */
   fts5TripCursors(pTab);
 
   eType0 = sqlite3_value_type(apVal[0]);
-  if( eType0==SQLITE_NULL 
-   && sqlite3_value_type(apVal[2+pConfig->nCol])!=SQLITE_NULL 
+  if( eType0==SQLITE_NULL
+   && sqlite3_value_type(apVal[2+pConfig->nCol])!=SQLITE_NULL
   ){
     /* A "special" INSERT op. These are handled separately. */
     const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[2+pConfig->nCol]);
-    if( pConfig->eContent!=FTS5_CONTENT_NORMAL 
-      && 0==sqlite3_stricmp("delete", z) 
+    if( pConfig->eContent!=FTS5_CONTENT_NORMAL
+      && 0==sqlite3_stricmp("delete", z)
     ){
       rc = fts5SpecialDelete(pTab, apVal);
     }else{
@@ -213325,7 +225685,7 @@ static int fts5UpdateMethod(
     }
   }else{
     /* A regular INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement. The trick here is that
-    ** any conflict on the rowid value must be detected before any 
+    ** any conflict on the rowid value must be detected before any
     ** modifications are made to the database file. There are 4 cases:
     **
     **   1) DELETE
@@ -213346,8 +225706,8 @@ static int fts5UpdateMethod(
     /* Filter out attempts to run UPDATE or DELETE on contentless tables.
     ** This is not suported.  */
     if( eType0==SQLITE_INTEGER && fts5IsContentless(pTab) ){
-      pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
-          "cannot %s contentless fts5 table: %s", 
+      pTab->p.base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
+          "cannot %s contentless fts5 table: %s",
           (nArg>1 ? "UPDATE" : "DELETE from"), pConfig->zName
       );
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
@@ -213359,69 +225719,75 @@ static int fts5UpdateMethod(
       rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageDelete(pTab->pStorage, iDel, 0);
     }
 
-    /* INSERT */
-    else if( eType0!=SQLITE_INTEGER ){     
-      /* If this is a REPLACE, first remove the current entry (if any) */
-      if( eConflict==SQLITE_REPLACE 
-       && sqlite3_value_type(apVal[1])==SQLITE_INTEGER 
-      ){
-        i64 iNew = sqlite3_value_int64(apVal[1]);  /* Rowid to delete */
-        rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageDelete(pTab->pStorage, iNew, 0);
+    /* INSERT or UPDATE */
+    else{
+      int eType1 = sqlite3_value_numeric_type(apVal[1]);
+
+      if( eType1!=SQLITE_INTEGER && eType1!=SQLITE_NULL ){
+        rc = SQLITE_MISMATCH;
       }
-      fts5StorageInsert(&rc, pTab, apVal, pRowid);
-    }
 
-    /* UPDATE */
-    else{
-      i64 iOld = sqlite3_value_int64(apVal[0]);  /* Old rowid */
-      i64 iNew = sqlite3_value_int64(apVal[1]);  /* New rowid */
-      if( iOld!=iNew ){
-        if( eConflict==SQLITE_REPLACE ){
-          rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageDelete(pTab->pStorage, iOld, 0);
-          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-            rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageDelete(pTab->pStorage, iNew, 0);
-          }
-          fts5StorageInsert(&rc, pTab, apVal, pRowid);
-        }else{
-          rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageContentInsert(pTab->pStorage, apVal, pRowid);
-          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      else if( eType0!=SQLITE_INTEGER ){
+        /* If this is a REPLACE, first remove the current entry (if any) */
+        if( eConflict==SQLITE_REPLACE && eType1==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
+          i64 iNew = sqlite3_value_int64(apVal[1]);  /* Rowid to delete */
+          rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageDelete(pTab->pStorage, iNew, 0);
+        }
+        fts5StorageInsert(&rc, pTab, apVal, pRowid);
+      }
+
+      /* UPDATE */
+      else{
+        i64 iOld = sqlite3_value_int64(apVal[0]);  /* Old rowid */
+        i64 iNew = sqlite3_value_int64(apVal[1]);  /* New rowid */
+        if( eType1==SQLITE_INTEGER && iOld!=iNew ){
+          if( eConflict==SQLITE_REPLACE ){
             rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageDelete(pTab->pStorage, iOld, 0);
+            if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+              rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageDelete(pTab->pStorage, iNew, 0);
+            }
+            fts5StorageInsert(&rc, pTab, apVal, pRowid);
+          }else{
+            rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageContentInsert(pTab->pStorage, apVal, pRowid);
+            if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+              rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageDelete(pTab->pStorage, iOld, 0);
+            }
+            if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+              rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageIndexInsert(pTab->pStorage, apVal,*pRowid);
+            }
           }
-          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-            rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageIndexInsert(pTab->pStorage, apVal, *pRowid);
-          }
+        }else{
+          rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageDelete(pTab->pStorage, iOld, 0);
+          fts5StorageInsert(&rc, pTab, apVal, pRowid);
         }
-      }else{
-        rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageDelete(pTab->pStorage, iOld, 0);
-        fts5StorageInsert(&rc, pTab, apVal, pRowid);
       }
     }
   }
 
-  pTab->pConfig->pzErrmsg = 0;
+  pTab->p.pConfig->pzErrmsg = 0;
   return rc;
 }
 
 /*
-** Implementation of xSync() method. 
+** Implementation of xSync() method.
 */
 static int fts5SyncMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
   int rc;
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)pVtab;
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)pVtab;
   fts5CheckTransactionState(pTab, FTS5_SYNC, 0);
-  pTab->pConfig->pzErrmsg = &pTab->base.zErrMsg;
+  pTab->p.pConfig->pzErrmsg = &pTab->p.base.zErrMsg;
   fts5TripCursors(pTab);
   rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageSync(pTab->pStorage);
-  pTab->pConfig->pzErrmsg = 0;
+  pTab->p.pConfig->pzErrmsg = 0;
   return rc;
 }
 
 /*
-** Implementation of xBegin() method. 
+** Implementation of xBegin() method.
 */
 static int fts5BeginMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
-  fts5CheckTransactionState((Fts5Table*)pVtab, FTS5_BEGIN, 0);
-  fts5NewTransaction((Fts5Table*)pVtab);
+  fts5CheckTransactionState((Fts5FullTable*)pVtab, FTS5_BEGIN, 0);
+  fts5NewTransaction((Fts5FullTable*)pVtab);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -213432,7 +225798,7 @@ static int fts5BeginMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
 */
 static int fts5CommitMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
   UNUSED_PARAM(pVtab);  /* Call below is a no-op for NDEBUG builds */
-  fts5CheckTransactionState((Fts5Table*)pVtab, FTS5_COMMIT, 0);
+  fts5CheckTransactionState((Fts5FullTable*)pVtab, FTS5_COMMIT, 0);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -213442,7 +225808,7 @@ static int fts5CommitMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
 */
 static int fts5RollbackMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
   int rc;
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)pVtab;
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)pVtab;
   fts5CheckTransactionState(pTab, FTS5_ROLLBACK, 0);
   rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageRollback(pTab->pStorage);
   return rc;
@@ -213461,24 +225827,24 @@ static int fts5ApiColumnCount(Fts5Context *pCtx){
 }
 
 static int fts5ApiColumnTotalSize(
-  Fts5Context *pCtx, 
-  int iCol, 
+  Fts5Context *pCtx,
+  int iCol,
   sqlite3_int64 *pnToken
 ){
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCtx;
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
   return sqlite3Fts5StorageSize(pTab->pStorage, iCol, pnToken);
 }
 
 static int fts5ApiRowCount(Fts5Context *pCtx, i64 *pnRow){
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCtx;
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
   return sqlite3Fts5StorageRowCount(pTab->pStorage, pnRow);
 }
 
 static int fts5ApiTokenize(
-  Fts5Context *pCtx, 
-  const char *pText, int nText, 
+  Fts5Context *pCtx,
+  const char *pText, int nText,
   void *pUserData,
   int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)
 ){
@@ -213500,14 +225866,16 @@ static int fts5ApiPhraseSize(Fts5Context *pCtx, int iPhrase){
 }
 
 static int fts5ApiColumnText(
-  Fts5Context *pCtx, 
-  int iCol, 
-  const char **pz, 
+  Fts5Context *pCtx,
+  int iCol,
+  const char **pz,
   int *pn
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCtx;
-  if( fts5IsContentless((Fts5Table*)(pCsr->base.pVtab)) ){
+  if( fts5IsContentless((Fts5FullTable*)(pCsr->base.pVtab))
+   || pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_SPECIAL
+  ){
     *pz = 0;
     *pn = 0;
   }else{
@@ -213521,8 +225889,8 @@ static int fts5ApiColumnText(
 }
 
 static int fts5CsrPoslist(
-  Fts5Cursor *pCsr, 
-  int iPhrase, 
+  Fts5Cursor *pCsr,
+  int iPhrase,
   const u8 **pa,
   int *pn
 ){
@@ -213576,10 +225944,11 @@ static int fts5CacheInstArray(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   Fts5PoslistReader *aIter;       /* One iterator for each phrase */
   int nIter;                      /* Number of iterators/phrases */
-  
+  int nCol = ((Fts5Table*)pCsr->base.pVtab)->pConfig->nCol;
+
   nIter = sqlite3Fts5ExprPhraseCount(pCsr->pExpr);
   if( pCsr->aInstIter==0 ){
-    int nByte = sizeof(Fts5PoslistReader) * nIter;
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(Fts5PoslistReader) * nIter;
     pCsr->aInstIter = (Fts5PoslistReader*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, nByte);
   }
   aIter = pCsr->aInstIter;
@@ -213591,7 +225960,7 @@ static int fts5CacheInstArray(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
     /* Initialize all iterators */
     for(i=0; i<nIter && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
       const u8 *a;
-      int n; 
+      int n;
       rc = fts5CsrPoslist(pCsr, i, &a, &n);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         sqlite3Fts5PoslistReaderInit(a, n, &aIter[i]);
@@ -213603,8 +225972,8 @@ static int fts5CacheInstArray(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
         int *aInst;
         int iBest = -1;
         for(i=0; i<nIter; i++){
-          if( (aIter[i].bEof==0) 
-              && (iBest<0 || aIter[i].iPos<aIter[iBest].iPos) 
+          if( (aIter[i].bEof==0)
+              && (iBest<0 || aIter[i].iPos<aIter[iBest].iPos)
             ){
             iBest = i;
           }
@@ -213614,7 +225983,7 @@ static int fts5CacheInstArray(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
         nInst++;
         if( nInst>=pCsr->nInstAlloc ){
           pCsr->nInstAlloc = pCsr->nInstAlloc ? pCsr->nInstAlloc*2 : 32;
-          aInst = (int*)sqlite3_realloc(
+          aInst = (int*)sqlite3_realloc64(
               pCsr->aInst, pCsr->nInstAlloc*sizeof(int)*3
               );
           if( aInst ){
@@ -213629,6 +225998,10 @@ static int fts5CacheInstArray(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
         aInst[0] = iBest;
         aInst[1] = FTS5_POS2COLUMN(aIter[iBest].iPos);
         aInst[2] = FTS5_POS2OFFSET(aIter[iBest].iPos);
+        if( aInst[1]<0 || aInst[1]>=nCol ){
+          rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+          break;
+        }
         sqlite3Fts5PoslistReaderNext(&aIter[iBest]);
       }
     }
@@ -213642,7 +226015,7 @@ static int fts5CacheInstArray(Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
 static int fts5ApiInstCount(Fts5Context *pCtx, int *pnInst){
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCtx;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( CsrFlagTest(pCsr, FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_INST)==0 
+  if( CsrFlagTest(pCsr, FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_INST)==0
    || SQLITE_OK==(rc = fts5CacheInstArray(pCsr)) ){
     *pnInst = pCsr->nInstCount;
   }
@@ -213650,16 +226023,16 @@ static int fts5ApiInstCount(Fts5Context *pCtx, int *pnInst){
 }
 
 static int fts5ApiInst(
-  Fts5Context *pCtx, 
-  int iIdx, 
-  int *piPhrase, 
-  int *piCol, 
+  Fts5Context *pCtx,
+  int iIdx,
+  int *piPhrase,
+  int *piCol,
   int *piOff
 ){
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCtx;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( CsrFlagTest(pCsr, FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_INST)==0 
-   || SQLITE_OK==(rc = fts5CacheInstArray(pCsr)) 
+  if( CsrFlagTest(pCsr, FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_INST)==0
+   || SQLITE_OK==(rc = fts5CacheInstArray(pCsr))
   ){
     if( iIdx<0 || iIdx>=pCsr->nInstCount ){
       rc = SQLITE_RANGE;
@@ -213701,8 +226074,8 @@ static int fts5ColumnSizeCb(
 
 static int fts5ApiColumnSize(Fts5Context *pCtx, int iCol, int *pnToken){
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCtx;
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
-  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->pConfig;
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
+  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->p.pConfig;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
   if( CsrFlagTest(pCsr, FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_DOCSIZE) ){
@@ -213808,8 +226181,8 @@ static void *fts5ApiGetAuxdata(Fts5Context *pCtx, int bClear){
 }
 
 static void fts5ApiPhraseNext(
-  Fts5Context *pUnused, 
-  Fts5PhraseIter *pIter, 
+  Fts5Context *pUnused,
+  Fts5PhraseIter *pIter,
   int *piCol, int *piOff
 ){
   UNUSED_PARAM(pUnused);
@@ -213830,9 +226203,9 @@ static void fts5ApiPhraseNext(
 }
 
 static int fts5ApiPhraseFirst(
-  Fts5Context *pCtx, 
-  int iPhrase, 
-  Fts5PhraseIter *pIter, 
+  Fts5Context *pCtx,
+  int iPhrase,
+  Fts5PhraseIter *pIter,
   int *piCol, int *piOff
 ){
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCtx;
@@ -213848,8 +226221,8 @@ static int fts5ApiPhraseFirst(
 }
 
 static void fts5ApiPhraseNextColumn(
-  Fts5Context *pCtx, 
-  Fts5PhraseIter *pIter, 
+  Fts5Context *pCtx,
+  Fts5PhraseIter *pIter,
   int *piCol
 ){
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCtx;
@@ -213878,9 +226251,9 @@ static void fts5ApiPhraseNextColumn(
 }
 
 static int fts5ApiPhraseFirstColumn(
-  Fts5Context *pCtx, 
-  int iPhrase, 
-  Fts5PhraseIter *pIter, 
+  Fts5Context *pCtx,
+  int iPhrase,
+  Fts5PhraseIter *pIter,
   int *piCol
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -213921,7 +226294,7 @@ static int fts5ApiPhraseFirstColumn(
 }
 
 
-static int fts5ApiQueryPhrase(Fts5Context*, int, void*, 
+static int fts5ApiQueryPhrase(Fts5Context*, int, void*,
     int(*)(const Fts5ExtensionApi*, Fts5Context*, void*)
 );
 
@@ -213952,13 +226325,13 @@ static const Fts5ExtensionApi sFts5Api = {
 ** Implementation of API function xQueryPhrase().
 */
 static int fts5ApiQueryPhrase(
-  Fts5Context *pCtx, 
-  int iPhrase, 
+  Fts5Context *pCtx,
+  int iPhrase,
   void *pUserData,
   int(*xCallback)(const Fts5ExtensionApi*, Fts5Context*, void*)
 ){
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCtx;
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
   int rc;
   Fts5Cursor *pNew = 0;
 
@@ -214024,7 +226397,7 @@ static void fts5ApiCallback(
   iCsrId = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[0]);
 
   pCsr = fts5CursorFromCsrid(pAux->pGlobal, iCsrId);
-  if( pCsr==0 ){
+  if( pCsr==0 || pCsr->ePlan==0 ){
     char *zErr = sqlite3_mprintf("no such cursor: %lld", iCsrId);
     sqlite3_result_error(context, zErr, -1);
     sqlite3_free(zErr);
@@ -214035,25 +226408,19 @@ static void fts5ApiCallback(
 
 
 /*
-** Given cursor id iId, return a pointer to the corresponding Fts5Index 
+** Given cursor id iId, return a pointer to the corresponding Fts5Table
 ** object. Or NULL If the cursor id does not exist.
-**
-** If successful, set *ppConfig to point to the associated config object 
-** before returning.
 */
-static Fts5Index *sqlite3Fts5IndexFromCsrid(
+static Fts5Table *sqlite3Fts5TableFromCsrid(
   Fts5Global *pGlobal,            /* FTS5 global context for db handle */
-  i64 iCsrId,                     /* Id of cursor to find */
-  Fts5Config **ppConfig           /* OUT: Configuration object */
+  i64 iCsrId                      /* Id of cursor to find */
 ){
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr;
-  Fts5Table *pTab;
-
   pCsr = fts5CursorFromCsrid(pGlobal, iCsrId);
-  pTab = (Fts5Table*)pCsr->base.pVtab;
-  *ppConfig = pTab->pConfig;
-
-  return pTab->pIndex;
+  if( pCsr ){
+    return (Fts5Table*)pCsr->base.pVtab;
+  }
+  return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -214124,7 +226491,7 @@ static int fts5PoslistBlob(sqlite3_context *pCtx, Fts5Cursor *pCsr){
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** This is the xColumn method, called by SQLite to request a value from
 ** the row that the supplied cursor currently points to.
 */
@@ -214133,11 +226500,11 @@ static int fts5ColumnMethod(
   sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Context for sqlite3_result_xxx() calls */
   int iCol                        /* Index of column to read value from */
 ){
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)(pCursor->pVtab);
-  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->pConfig;
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)(pCursor->pVtab);
+  Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->p.pConfig;
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCursor;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  
+
   assert( CsrFlagTest(pCsr, FTS5CSR_EOF)==0 );
 
   if( pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_SPECIAL ){
@@ -214157,7 +226524,7 @@ static int fts5ColumnMethod(
     /* The value of the "rank" column. */
     if( pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_SOURCE ){
       fts5PoslistBlob(pCtx, pCsr);
-    }else if( 
+    }else if(
         pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_MATCH
      || pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_SORTED_MATCH
     ){
@@ -214166,10 +226533,12 @@ static int fts5ColumnMethod(
       }
     }
   }else if( !fts5IsContentless(pTab) ){
+    pConfig->pzErrmsg = &pTab->p.base.zErrMsg;
     rc = fts5SeekCursor(pCsr, 1);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       sqlite3_result_value(pCtx, sqlite3_column_value(pCsr->pStmt, iCol+1));
     }
+    pConfig->pzErrmsg = 0;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -214186,7 +226555,7 @@ static int fts5FindFunctionMethod(
   void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**), /* OUT: Result */
   void **ppArg                    /* OUT: User data for *pxFunc */
 ){
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)pVtab;
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)pVtab;
   Fts5Auxiliary *pAux;
 
   UNUSED_PARAM(nUnused);
@@ -214208,21 +226577,24 @@ static int fts5RenameMethod(
   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,            /* Virtual table handle */
   const char *zName               /* New name of table */
 ){
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)pVtab;
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)pVtab;
   return sqlite3Fts5StorageRename(pTab->pStorage, zName);
 }
 
+static int sqlite3Fts5FlushToDisk(Fts5Table *pTab){
+  fts5TripCursors((Fts5FullTable*)pTab);
+  return sqlite3Fts5StorageSync(((Fts5FullTable*)pTab)->pStorage);
+}
+
 /*
 ** The xSavepoint() method.
 **
 ** Flush the contents of the pending-terms table to disk.
 */
 static int fts5SavepointMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)pVtab;
   UNUSED_PARAM(iSavepoint);  /* Call below is a no-op for NDEBUG builds */
-  fts5CheckTransactionState(pTab, FTS5_SAVEPOINT, iSavepoint);
-  fts5TripCursors(pTab);
-  return sqlite3Fts5StorageSync(pTab->pStorage);
+  fts5CheckTransactionState((Fts5FullTable*)pVtab, FTS5_SAVEPOINT, iSavepoint);
+  return sqlite3Fts5FlushToDisk((Fts5Table*)pVtab);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -214231,11 +226603,9 @@ static int fts5SavepointMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
 ** This is a no-op.
 */
 static int fts5ReleaseMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)pVtab;
   UNUSED_PARAM(iSavepoint);  /* Call below is a no-op for NDEBUG builds */
-  fts5CheckTransactionState(pTab, FTS5_RELEASE, iSavepoint);
-  fts5TripCursors(pTab);
-  return sqlite3Fts5StorageSync(pTab->pStorage);
+  fts5CheckTransactionState((Fts5FullTable*)pVtab, FTS5_RELEASE, iSavepoint);
+  return sqlite3Fts5FlushToDisk((Fts5Table*)pVtab);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -214244,7 +226614,7 @@ static int fts5ReleaseMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
 ** Discard the contents of the pending terms table.
 */
 static int fts5RollbackToMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
-  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)pVtab;
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)pVtab;
   UNUSED_PARAM(iSavepoint);  /* Call below is a no-op for NDEBUG builds */
   fts5CheckTransactionState(pTab, FTS5_ROLLBACKTO, iSavepoint);
   fts5TripCursors(pTab);
@@ -214265,14 +226635,14 @@ static int fts5CreateAux(
   int rc = sqlite3_overload_function(pGlobal->db, zName, -1);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     Fts5Auxiliary *pAux;
-    int nName;                      /* Size of zName in bytes, including \0 */
-    int nByte;                      /* Bytes of space to allocate */
+    sqlite3_int64 nName;            /* Size of zName in bytes, including \0 */
+    sqlite3_int64 nByte;            /* Bytes of space to allocate */
 
-    nName = (int)strlen(zName) + 1;
+    nName = strlen(zName) + 1;
     nByte = sizeof(Fts5Auxiliary) + nName;
-    pAux = (Fts5Auxiliary*)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+    pAux = (Fts5Auxiliary*)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
     if( pAux ){
-      memset(pAux, 0, nByte);
+      memset(pAux, 0, (size_t)nByte);
       pAux->zFunc = (char*)&pAux[1];
       memcpy(pAux->zFunc, zName, nName);
       pAux->pGlobal = pGlobal;
@@ -214290,7 +226660,7 @@ static int fts5CreateAux(
 }
 
 /*
-** Register a new tokenizer. This is the implementation of the 
+** Register a new tokenizer. This is the implementation of the
 ** fts5_api.xCreateTokenizer() method.
 */
 static int fts5CreateTokenizer(
@@ -214302,15 +226672,15 @@ static int fts5CreateTokenizer(
 ){
   Fts5Global *pGlobal = (Fts5Global*)pApi;
   Fts5TokenizerModule *pNew;
-  int nName;                      /* Size of zName and its \0 terminator */
-  int nByte;                      /* Bytes of space to allocate */
+  sqlite3_int64 nName;            /* Size of zName and its \0 terminator */
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte;            /* Bytes of space to allocate */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
-  nName = (int)strlen(zName) + 1;
+  nName = strlen(zName) + 1;
   nByte = sizeof(Fts5TokenizerModule) + nName;
-  pNew = (Fts5TokenizerModule*)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+  pNew = (Fts5TokenizerModule*)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
   if( pNew ){
-    memset(pNew, 0, nByte);
+    memset(pNew, 0, (size_t)nByte);
     pNew->zName = (char*)&pNew[1];
     memcpy(pNew->zName, zName, nName);
     pNew->pUserData = pUserData;
@@ -214329,7 +226699,7 @@ static int fts5CreateTokenizer(
 }
 
 static Fts5TokenizerModule *fts5LocateTokenizer(
-  Fts5Global *pGlobal, 
+  Fts5Global *pGlobal,
   const char *zName
 ){
   Fts5TokenizerModule *pMod = 0;
@@ -214346,7 +226716,7 @@ static Fts5TokenizerModule *fts5LocateTokenizer(
 }
 
 /*
-** Find a tokenizer. This is the implementation of the 
+** Find a tokenizer. This is the implementation of the
 ** fts5_api.xFindTokenizer() method.
 */
 static int fts5FindTokenizer(
@@ -214371,11 +226741,10 @@ static int fts5FindTokenizer(
 }
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5GetTokenizer(
-  Fts5Global *pGlobal, 
+  Fts5Global *pGlobal,
   const char **azArg,
   int nArg,
-  Fts5Tokenizer **ppTok,
-  fts5_tokenizer **ppTokApi,
+  Fts5Config *pConfig,
   char **pzErr
 ){
   Fts5TokenizerModule *pMod;
@@ -214387,16 +226756,22 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5GetTokenizer(
     rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("no such tokenizer: %s", azArg[0]);
   }else{
-    rc = pMod->x.xCreate(pMod->pUserData, &azArg[1], (nArg?nArg-1:0), ppTok);
-    *ppTokApi = &pMod->x;
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && pzErr ){
-      *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("error in tokenizer constructor");
+    rc = pMod->x.xCreate(
+        pMod->pUserData, &azArg[1], (nArg?nArg-1:0), &pConfig->pTok
+    );
+    pConfig->pTokApi = &pMod->x;
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      if( pzErr ) *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("error in tokenizer constructor");
+    }else{
+      pConfig->ePattern = sqlite3Fts5TokenizerPattern(
+          pMod->x.xCreate, pConfig->pTok
+      );
     }
   }
 
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    *ppTokApi = 0;
-    *ppTok = 0;
+    pConfig->pTokApi = 0;
+    pConfig->pTok = 0;
   }
 
   return rc;
@@ -214445,12 +226820,27 @@ static void fts5SourceIdFunc(
 ){
   assert( nArg==0 );
   UNUSED_PARAM2(nArg, apUnused);
-  sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, "fts5: 2018-09-25 19:08:10 fb90e7189ae6d62e77ba3a308ca5d683f90bbe633cf681865365b8e92792d1c7", -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, "fts5: 2020-12-01 16:14:00 a26b6597e3ae272231b96f9982c3bcc17ddec2f2b6eb4df06a224b91089fed5b", -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+}
+
+/*
+** Return true if zName is the extension on one of the shadow tables used
+** by this module.
+*/
+static int fts5ShadowName(const char *zName){
+  static const char *azName[] = {
+    "config", "content", "data", "docsize", "idx"
+  };
+  unsigned int i;
+  for(i=0; i<sizeof(azName)/sizeof(azName[0]); i++){
+    if( sqlite3_stricmp(zName, azName[i])==0 ) return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
 }
 
 static int fts5Init(sqlite3 *db){
   static const sqlite3_module fts5Mod = {
-    /* iVersion      */ 2,
+    /* iVersion      */ 3,
     /* xCreate       */ fts5CreateMethod,
     /* xConnect      */ fts5ConnectMethod,
     /* xBestIndex    */ fts5BestIndexMethod,
@@ -214473,6 +226863,7 @@ static int fts5Init(sqlite3 *db){
     /* xSavepoint    */ fts5SavepointMethod,
     /* xRelease      */ fts5ReleaseMethod,
     /* xRollbackTo   */ fts5RollbackToMethod,
+    /* xShadowName   */ fts5ShadowName
   };
 
   int rc;
@@ -214525,7 +226916,7 @@ static int fts5Init(sqlite3 *db){
 ** this module is being built as part of the SQLite core (SQLITE_CORE is
 ** defined), then sqlite3_open() will call sqlite3Fts5Init() directly.
 **
-** Or, if this module is being built as a loadable extension, 
+** Or, if this module is being built as a loadable extension,
 ** sqlite3Fts5Init() is omitted and the two standard entry points
 ** sqlite3_fts_init() and sqlite3_fts5_init() defined instead.
 */
@@ -214584,19 +226975,19 @@ struct Fts5Storage {
   Fts5Index *pIndex;
   int bTotalsValid;               /* True if nTotalRow/aTotalSize[] are valid */
   i64 nTotalRow;                  /* Total number of rows in FTS table */
-  i64 *aTotalSize;                /* Total sizes of each column */ 
+  i64 *aTotalSize;                /* Total sizes of each column */
   sqlite3_stmt *aStmt[11];
 };
 
 
-#if FTS5_STMT_SCAN_ASC!=0 
-# error "FTS5_STMT_SCAN_ASC mismatch" 
+#if FTS5_STMT_SCAN_ASC!=0
+# error "FTS5_STMT_SCAN_ASC mismatch"
 #endif
-#if FTS5_STMT_SCAN_DESC!=1 
-# error "FTS5_STMT_SCAN_DESC mismatch" 
+#if FTS5_STMT_SCAN_DESC!=1
+# error "FTS5_STMT_SCAN_DESC mismatch"
 #endif
 #if FTS5_STMT_LOOKUP!=2
-# error "FTS5_STMT_LOOKUP mismatch" 
+# error "FTS5_STMT_LOOKUP mismatch"
 #endif
 
 #define FTS5_STMT_INSERT_CONTENT  3
@@ -214622,12 +227013,12 @@ static int fts5StorageGetStmt(
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
-  /* If there is no %_docsize table, there should be no requests for 
+  /* If there is no %_docsize table, there should be no requests for
   ** statements to operate on it.  */
   assert( p->pConfig->bColumnsize || (
-        eStmt!=FTS5_STMT_REPLACE_DOCSIZE 
-     && eStmt!=FTS5_STMT_DELETE_DOCSIZE 
-     && eStmt!=FTS5_STMT_LOOKUP_DOCSIZE 
+        eStmt!=FTS5_STMT_REPLACE_DOCSIZE
+     && eStmt!=FTS5_STMT_DELETE_DOCSIZE
+     && eStmt!=FTS5_STMT_LOOKUP_DOCSIZE
   ));
 
   assert( eStmt>=0 && eStmt<ArraySize(p->aStmt) );
@@ -214653,32 +227044,32 @@ static int fts5StorageGetStmt(
 
     switch( eStmt ){
       case FTS5_STMT_SCAN:
-        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azStmt[eStmt], 
+        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azStmt[eStmt],
             pC->zContentExprlist, pC->zContent
         );
         break;
 
       case FTS5_STMT_SCAN_ASC:
       case FTS5_STMT_SCAN_DESC:
-        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azStmt[eStmt], pC->zContentExprlist, 
+        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azStmt[eStmt], pC->zContentExprlist,
             pC->zContent, pC->zContentRowid, pC->zContentRowid,
             pC->zContentRowid
         );
         break;
 
       case FTS5_STMT_LOOKUP:
-        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azStmt[eStmt], 
+        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azStmt[eStmt],
             pC->zContentExprlist, pC->zContent, pC->zContentRowid
         );
         break;
 
-      case FTS5_STMT_INSERT_CONTENT: 
+      case FTS5_STMT_INSERT_CONTENT:
       case FTS5_STMT_REPLACE_CONTENT: {
         int nCol = pC->nCol + 1;
         char *zBind;
         int i;
 
-        zBind = sqlite3_malloc(1 + nCol*2);
+        zBind = sqlite3_malloc64(1 + nCol*2);
         if( zBind ){
           for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
             zBind[i*2] = '?';
@@ -214699,8 +227090,11 @@ static int fts5StorageGetStmt(
     if( zSql==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pC->db, zSql, -1,
-                              SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, &p->aStmt[eStmt], 0);
+      int f = SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT;
+      if( eStmt>FTS5_STMT_LOOKUP ) f |= SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB;
+      p->pConfig->bLock++;
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pC->db, zSql, -1, f, &p->aStmt[eStmt], 0);
+      p->pConfig->bLock--;
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && pzErrMsg ){
         *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(pC->db));
@@ -214743,7 +227137,7 @@ static int fts5ExecPrintf(
 ** code otherwise.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5DropAll(Fts5Config *pConfig){
-  int rc = fts5ExecPrintf(pConfig->db, 0, 
+  int rc = fts5ExecPrintf(pConfig->db, 0,
       "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_data';"
       "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_idx';"
       "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_config';",
@@ -214752,13 +227146,13 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5DropAll(Fts5Config *pConfig){
       pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName
   );
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pConfig->bColumnsize ){
-    rc = fts5ExecPrintf(pConfig->db, 0, 
+    rc = fts5ExecPrintf(pConfig->db, 0,
         "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_docsize';",
         pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName
     );
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pConfig->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NORMAL ){
-    rc = fts5ExecPrintf(pConfig->db, 0, 
+    rc = fts5ExecPrintf(pConfig->db, 0,
         "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS %Q.'%q_content';",
         pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName
     );
@@ -214773,7 +227167,7 @@ static void fts5StorageRenameOne(
   const char *zName               /* New name of FTS5 table */
 ){
   if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    *pRc = fts5ExecPrintf(pConfig->db, 0, 
+    *pRc = fts5ExecPrintf(pConfig->db, 0,
         "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_%s' RENAME TO '%q_%s';",
         pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName, zTail, zName, zTail
     );
@@ -214811,7 +227205,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5CreateTable(
   char *zErr = 0;
 
   rc = fts5ExecPrintf(pConfig->db, &zErr, "CREATE TABLE %Q.'%q_%q'(%s)%s",
-      pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName, zPost, zDefn, 
+      pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName, zPost, zDefn,
 #ifndef SQLITE_FTS5_NO_WITHOUT_ROWID
       bWithout?" WITHOUT ROWID":
 #endif
@@ -214819,7 +227213,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5CreateTable(
   );
   if( zErr ){
     *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf(
-        "fts5: error creating shadow table %q_%s: %s", 
+        "fts5: error creating shadow table %q_%s: %s",
         pConfig->zName, zPost, zErr
     );
     sqlite3_free(zErr);
@@ -214830,28 +227224,28 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5CreateTable(
 
 /*
 ** Open a new Fts5Index handle. If the bCreate argument is true, create
-** and initialize the underlying tables 
+** and initialize the underlying tables
 **
 ** If successful, set *pp to point to the new object and return SQLITE_OK.
 ** Otherwise, set *pp to NULL and return an SQLite error code.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5StorageOpen(
-  Fts5Config *pConfig, 
-  Fts5Index *pIndex, 
-  int bCreate, 
+  Fts5Config *pConfig,
+  Fts5Index *pIndex,
+  int bCreate,
   Fts5Storage **pp,
   char **pzErr                    /* OUT: Error message */
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   Fts5Storage *p;                 /* New object */
-  int nByte;                      /* Bytes of space to allocate */
+  sqlite3_int64 nByte;            /* Bytes of space to allocate */
 
   nByte = sizeof(Fts5Storage)               /* Fts5Storage object */
         + pConfig->nCol * sizeof(i64);      /* Fts5Storage.aTotalSize[] */
-  *pp = p = (Fts5Storage*)sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+  *pp = p = (Fts5Storage*)sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
   if( !p ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
 
-  memset(p, 0, nByte);
+  memset(p, 0, (size_t)nByte);
   p->aTotalSize = (i64*)&p[1];
   p->pConfig = pConfig;
   p->pIndex = pIndex;
@@ -214859,7 +227253,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageOpen(
   if( bCreate ){
     if( pConfig->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NORMAL ){
       int nDefn = 32 + pConfig->nCol*10;
-      char *zDefn = sqlite3_malloc(32 + pConfig->nCol * 10);
+      char *zDefn = sqlite3_malloc64(32 + (sqlite3_int64)pConfig->nCol * 10);
       if( zDefn==0 ){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }else{
@@ -214950,8 +227344,8 @@ static int fts5StorageInsertCallback(
 ** remove the %_content row at this time though.
 */
 static int fts5StorageDeleteFromIndex(
-  Fts5Storage *p, 
-  i64 iDel, 
+  Fts5Storage *p,
+  i64 iDel,
   sqlite3_value **apVal
 ){
   Fts5Config *pConfig = p->pConfig;
@@ -214985,13 +227379,20 @@ static int fts5StorageDeleteFromIndex(
         nText = sqlite3_value_bytes(apVal[iCol-1]);
       }
       ctx.szCol = 0;
-      rc = sqlite3Fts5Tokenize(pConfig, FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT, 
+      rc = sqlite3Fts5Tokenize(pConfig, FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT,
           zText, nText, (void*)&ctx, fts5StorageInsertCallback
       );
       p->aTotalSize[iCol-1] -= (i64)ctx.szCol;
+      if( p->aTotalSize[iCol-1]<0 ){
+        rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+      }
     }
   }
-  p->nTotalRow--;
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && p->nTotalRow<1 ){
+    rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+  }else{
+    p->nTotalRow--;
+  }
 
   rc2 = sqlite3_reset(pSeek);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = rc2;
@@ -215028,7 +227429,7 @@ static int fts5StorageInsertDocsize(
 }
 
 /*
-** Load the contents of the "averages" record from disk into the 
+** Load the contents of the "averages" record from disk into the
 ** p->nTotalRow and p->aTotalSize[] variables. If successful, and if
 ** argument bCache is true, set the p->bTotalsValid flag to indicate
 ** that the contents of aTotalSize[] and nTotalRow are valid until
@@ -215047,7 +227448,7 @@ static int fts5StorageLoadTotals(Fts5Storage *p, int bCache){
 }
 
 /*
-** Store the current contents of the p->nTotalRow and p->aTotalSize[] 
+** Store the current contents of the p->nTotalRow and p->aTotalSize[]
 ** variables in the "averages" record on disk.
 **
 ** Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code if an error
@@ -215120,9 +227521,11 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageDeleteAll(Fts5Storage *p){
   Fts5Config *pConfig = p->pConfig;
   int rc;
 
+  p->bTotalsValid = 0;
+
   /* Delete the contents of the %_data and %_docsize tables. */
   rc = fts5ExecPrintf(pConfig->db, 0,
-      "DELETE FROM %Q.'%q_data';" 
+      "DELETE FROM %Q.'%q_data';"
       "DELETE FROM %Q.'%q_idx';",
       pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName,
       pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName
@@ -215150,7 +227553,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageRebuild(Fts5Storage *p){
   Fts5Config *pConfig = p->pConfig;
   sqlite3_stmt *pScan = 0;
   Fts5InsertCtx ctx;
-  int rc;
+  int rc, rc2;
 
   memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(Fts5InsertCtx));
   ctx.pStorage = p;
@@ -215171,10 +227574,11 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageRebuild(Fts5Storage *p){
     for(ctx.iCol=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && ctx.iCol<pConfig->nCol; ctx.iCol++){
       ctx.szCol = 0;
       if( pConfig->abUnindexed[ctx.iCol]==0 ){
-        rc = sqlite3Fts5Tokenize(pConfig, 
+        const char *zText = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pScan, ctx.iCol+1);
+        int nText = sqlite3_column_bytes(pScan, ctx.iCol+1);
+        rc = sqlite3Fts5Tokenize(pConfig,
             FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT,
-            (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pScan, ctx.iCol+1),
-            sqlite3_column_bytes(pScan, ctx.iCol+1),
+            zText, nText,
             (void*)&ctx,
             fts5StorageInsertCallback
         );
@@ -215189,6 +227593,8 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageRebuild(Fts5Storage *p){
     }
   }
   sqlite3_free(buf.p);
+  rc2 = sqlite3_reset(pScan);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = rc2;
 
   /* Write the averages record */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -215240,8 +227646,8 @@ static int fts5StorageNewRowid(Fts5Storage *p, i64 *piRowid){
 ** Insert a new row into the FTS content table.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5StorageContentInsert(
-  Fts5Storage *p, 
-  sqlite3_value **apVal, 
+  Fts5Storage *p,
+  sqlite3_value **apVal,
   i64 *piRowid
 ){
   Fts5Config *pConfig = p->pConfig;
@@ -215275,8 +227681,8 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageContentInsert(
 ** Insert new entries into the FTS index and %_docsize table.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5StorageIndexInsert(
-  Fts5Storage *p, 
-  sqlite3_value **apVal, 
+  Fts5Storage *p,
+  sqlite3_value **apVal,
   i64 iRowid
 ){
   Fts5Config *pConfig = p->pConfig;
@@ -215294,10 +227700,11 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageIndexInsert(
   for(ctx.iCol=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && ctx.iCol<pConfig->nCol; ctx.iCol++){
     ctx.szCol = 0;
     if( pConfig->abUnindexed[ctx.iCol]==0 ){
-      rc = sqlite3Fts5Tokenize(pConfig, 
+      const char *zText = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[ctx.iCol+2]);
+      int nText = sqlite3_value_bytes(apVal[ctx.iCol+2]);
+      rc = sqlite3Fts5Tokenize(pConfig,
           FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT,
-          (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[ctx.iCol+2]),
-          sqlite3_value_bytes(apVal[ctx.iCol+2]),
+          zText, nText,
           (void*)&ctx,
           fts5StorageInsertCallback
       );
@@ -215321,7 +227728,7 @@ static int fts5StorageCount(Fts5Storage *p, const char *zSuffix, i64 *pnRow){
   char *zSql;
   int rc;
 
-  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT count(*) FROM %Q.'%q_%s'", 
+  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT count(*) FROM %Q.'%q_%s'",
       pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName, zSuffix
   );
   if( zSql==0 ){
@@ -215428,97 +227835,104 @@ static int fts5StorageIntegrityCallback(
 ** some other SQLite error code if an error occurs while attempting to
 ** determine this.
 */
-static int sqlite3Fts5StorageIntegrity(Fts5Storage *p){
+static int sqlite3Fts5StorageIntegrity(Fts5Storage *p, int iArg){
   Fts5Config *pConfig = p->pConfig;
-  int rc;                         /* Return code */
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
   int *aColSize;                  /* Array of size pConfig->nCol */
   i64 *aTotalSize;                /* Array of size pConfig->nCol */
   Fts5IntegrityCtx ctx;
   sqlite3_stmt *pScan;
+  int bUseCksum;
 
   memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(Fts5IntegrityCtx));
   ctx.pConfig = p->pConfig;
-  aTotalSize = (i64*)sqlite3_malloc(pConfig->nCol * (sizeof(int)+sizeof(i64)));
+  aTotalSize = (i64*)sqlite3_malloc64(pConfig->nCol*(sizeof(int)+sizeof(i64)));
   if( !aTotalSize ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   aColSize = (int*)&aTotalSize[pConfig->nCol];
   memset(aTotalSize, 0, sizeof(i64) * pConfig->nCol);
 
-  /* Generate the expected index checksum based on the contents of the
-  ** %_content table. This block stores the checksum in ctx.cksum. */
-  rc = fts5StorageGetStmt(p, FTS5_STMT_SCAN, &pScan, 0);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    int rc2;
-    while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pScan) ){
-      int i;
-      ctx.iRowid = sqlite3_column_int64(pScan, 0);
-      ctx.szCol = 0;
-      if( pConfig->bColumnsize ){
-        rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageDocsize(p, ctx.iRowid, aColSize);
-      }
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pConfig->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ){
-        rc = sqlite3Fts5TermsetNew(&ctx.pTermset);
-      }
-      for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<pConfig->nCol; i++){
-        if( pConfig->abUnindexed[i] ) continue;
-        ctx.iCol = i;
+  bUseCksum = (pConfig->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NORMAL
+           || (pConfig->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_EXTERNAL && iArg)
+  );
+  if( bUseCksum ){
+    /* Generate the expected index checksum based on the contents of the
+    ** %_content table. This block stores the checksum in ctx.cksum. */
+    rc = fts5StorageGetStmt(p, FTS5_STMT_SCAN, &pScan, 0);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      int rc2;
+      while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pScan) ){
+        int i;
+        ctx.iRowid = sqlite3_column_int64(pScan, 0);
         ctx.szCol = 0;
-        if( pConfig->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_COLUMNS ){
-          rc = sqlite3Fts5TermsetNew(&ctx.pTermset);
-        }
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc = sqlite3Fts5Tokenize(pConfig, 
-              FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT,
-              (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pScan, i+1),
-              sqlite3_column_bytes(pScan, i+1),
-              (void*)&ctx,
-              fts5StorageIntegrityCallback
-          );
+        if( pConfig->bColumnsize ){
+          rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageDocsize(p, ctx.iRowid, aColSize);
         }
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pConfig->bColumnsize && ctx.szCol!=aColSize[i] ){
-          rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pConfig->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ){
+          rc = sqlite3Fts5TermsetNew(&ctx.pTermset);
         }
-        aTotalSize[i] += ctx.szCol;
-        if( pConfig->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_COLUMNS ){
-          sqlite3Fts5TermsetFree(ctx.pTermset);
-          ctx.pTermset = 0;
+        for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<pConfig->nCol; i++){
+          if( pConfig->abUnindexed[i] ) continue;
+          ctx.iCol = i;
+          ctx.szCol = 0;
+          if( pConfig->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_COLUMNS ){
+            rc = sqlite3Fts5TermsetNew(&ctx.pTermset);
+          }
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            const char *zText = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pScan, i+1);
+            int nText = sqlite3_column_bytes(pScan, i+1);
+            rc = sqlite3Fts5Tokenize(pConfig,
+                FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT,
+                zText, nText,
+                (void*)&ctx,
+                fts5StorageIntegrityCallback
+            );
+          }
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pConfig->bColumnsize && ctx.szCol!=aColSize[i] ){
+            rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+          }
+          aTotalSize[i] += ctx.szCol;
+          if( pConfig->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_COLUMNS ){
+            sqlite3Fts5TermsetFree(ctx.pTermset);
+            ctx.pTermset = 0;
+          }
         }
-      }
-      sqlite3Fts5TermsetFree(ctx.pTermset);
-      ctx.pTermset = 0;
+        sqlite3Fts5TermsetFree(ctx.pTermset);
+        ctx.pTermset = 0;
 
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
+        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
+      }
+      rc2 = sqlite3_reset(pScan);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = rc2;
     }
-    rc2 = sqlite3_reset(pScan);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = rc2;
-  }
 
-  /* Test that the "totals" (sometimes called "averages") record looks Ok */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    int i;
-    rc = fts5StorageLoadTotals(p, 0);
-    for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<pConfig->nCol; i++){
-      if( p->aTotalSize[i]!=aTotalSize[i] ) rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+    /* Test that the "totals" (sometimes called "averages") record looks Ok */
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      int i;
+      rc = fts5StorageLoadTotals(p, 0);
+      for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<pConfig->nCol; i++){
+        if( p->aTotalSize[i]!=aTotalSize[i] ) rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+      }
     }
-  }
 
-  /* Check that the %_docsize and %_content tables contain the expected
-  ** number of rows.  */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pConfig->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NORMAL ){
-    i64 nRow = 0;
-    rc = fts5StorageCount(p, "content", &nRow);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nRow!=p->nTotalRow ) rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pConfig->bColumnsize ){
-    i64 nRow = 0;
-    rc = fts5StorageCount(p, "docsize", &nRow);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nRow!=p->nTotalRow ) rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+    /* Check that the %_docsize and %_content tables contain the expected
+    ** number of rows.  */
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pConfig->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NORMAL ){
+      i64 nRow = 0;
+      rc = fts5StorageCount(p, "content", &nRow);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nRow!=p->nTotalRow ) rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+    }
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pConfig->bColumnsize ){
+      i64 nRow = 0;
+      rc = fts5StorageCount(p, "docsize", &nRow);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nRow!=p->nTotalRow ) rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+    }
   }
 
   /* Pass the expected checksum down to the FTS index module. It will
   ** verify, amongst other things, that it matches the checksum generated by
   ** inspecting the index itself.  */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexIntegrityCheck(p->pIndex, ctx.cksum);
+    rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexIntegrityCheck(p->pIndex, ctx.cksum, bUseCksum);
   }
 
   sqlite3_free(aTotalSize);
@@ -215530,13 +227944,13 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageIntegrity(Fts5Storage *p){
 ** %_content table.
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5StorageStmt(
-  Fts5Storage *p, 
-  int eStmt, 
-  sqlite3_stmt **pp, 
+  Fts5Storage *p,
+  int eStmt,
+  sqlite3_stmt **pp,
   char **pzErrMsg
 ){
   int rc;
-  assert( eStmt==FTS5_STMT_SCAN_ASC 
+  assert( eStmt==FTS5_STMT_SCAN_ASC
        || eStmt==FTS5_STMT_SCAN_DESC
        || eStmt==FTS5_STMT_LOOKUP
   );
@@ -215554,8 +227968,8 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageStmt(
 ** must match that passed to the sqlite3Fts5StorageStmt() call.
 */
 static void sqlite3Fts5StorageStmtRelease(
-  Fts5Storage *p, 
-  int eStmt, 
+  Fts5Storage *p,
+  int eStmt,
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt
 ){
   assert( eStmt==FTS5_STMT_SCAN_ASC
@@ -215638,7 +228052,13 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageSize(Fts5Storage *p, int iCol, i64 *pnToken){
 static int sqlite3Fts5StorageRowCount(Fts5Storage *p, i64 *pnRow){
   int rc = fts5StorageLoadTotals(p, 0);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    /* nTotalRow being zero does not necessarily indicate a corrupt
+    ** database - it might be that the FTS5 table really does contain zero
+    ** rows. However this function is only called from the xRowCount() API,
+    ** and there is no way for that API to be invoked if the table contains
+    ** no rows. Hence the FTS5_CORRUPT return.  */
     *pnRow = p->nTotalRow;
+    if( p->nTotalRow<=0 ) rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -215666,7 +228086,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageRollback(Fts5Storage *p){
 }
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5StorageConfigValue(
-  Fts5Storage *p, 
+  Fts5Storage *p,
   const char *z,
   sqlite3_value *pVal,
   int iVal
@@ -215716,7 +228136,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageConfigValue(
 
 /*
 ** For tokenizers with no "unicode" modifier, the set of token characters
-** is the same as the set of ASCII range alphanumeric characters. 
+** is the same as the set of ASCII range alphanumeric characters.
 */
 static unsigned char aAsciiTokenChar[128] = {
   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,   /* 0x00..0x0F */
@@ -215735,8 +228155,8 @@ struct AsciiTokenizer {
 };
 
 static void fts5AsciiAddExceptions(
-  AsciiTokenizer *p, 
-  const char *zArg, 
+  AsciiTokenizer *p,
+  const char *zArg,
   int bTokenChars
 ){
   int i;
@@ -215758,7 +228178,7 @@ static void fts5AsciiDelete(Fts5Tokenizer *p){
 ** Create an "ascii" tokenizer.
 */
 static int fts5AsciiCreate(
-  void *pUnused, 
+  void *pUnused,
   const char **azArg, int nArg,
   Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut
 ){
@@ -215848,7 +228268,7 @@ static int fts5AsciiTokenize(
     nByte = ie-is;
     if( nByte>nFold ){
       if( pFold!=aFold ) sqlite3_free(pFold);
-      pFold = sqlite3_malloc(nByte*2);
+      pFold = sqlite3_malloc64((sqlite3_int64)nByte*2);
       if( pFold==0 ){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
         break;
@@ -215861,7 +228281,7 @@ static int fts5AsciiTokenize(
     rc = xToken(pCtx, 0, pFold, nByte, is, ie);
     is = ie+1;
   }
-  
+
   if( pFold!=aFold ) sqlite3_free(pFold);
   if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
   return rc;
@@ -215930,13 +228350,18 @@ struct Unicode61Tokenizer {
   unsigned char aTokenChar[128];  /* ASCII range token characters */
   char *aFold;                    /* Buffer to fold text into */
   int nFold;                      /* Size of aFold[] in bytes */
-  int bRemoveDiacritic;           /* True if remove_diacritics=1 is set */
+  int eRemoveDiacritic;           /* True if remove_diacritics=1 is set */
   int nException;
   int *aiException;
 
   unsigned char aCategory[32];    /* True for token char categories */
 };
 
+/* Values for eRemoveDiacritic (must match internals of fts5_unicode2.c) */
+#define FTS5_REMOVE_DIACRITICS_NONE    0
+#define FTS5_REMOVE_DIACRITICS_SIMPLE  1
+#define FTS5_REMOVE_DIACRITICS_COMPLEX 2
+
 static int fts5UnicodeAddExceptions(
   Unicode61Tokenizer *p,          /* Tokenizer object */
   const char *z,                  /* Characters to treat as exceptions */
@@ -215947,25 +228372,26 @@ static int fts5UnicodeAddExceptions(
   int *aNew;
 
   if( n>0 ){
-    aNew = (int*)sqlite3_realloc(p->aiException, (n+p->nException)*sizeof(int));
+    aNew = (int*)sqlite3_realloc64(p->aiException,
+                                   (n+p->nException)*sizeof(int));
     if( aNew ){
       int nNew = p->nException;
       const unsigned char *zCsr = (const unsigned char*)z;
       const unsigned char *zTerm = (const unsigned char*)&z[n];
       while( zCsr<zTerm ){
-        int iCode;
+        u32 iCode;
         int bToken;
         READ_UTF8(zCsr, zTerm, iCode);
         if( iCode<128 ){
           p->aTokenChar[iCode] = (unsigned char)bTokenChars;
         }else{
           bToken = p->aCategory[sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCategory(iCode)];
-          assert( (bToken==0 || bToken==1) ); 
+          assert( (bToken==0 || bToken==1) );
           assert( (bTokenChars==0 || bTokenChars==1) );
           if( bToken!=bTokenChars && sqlite3Fts5UnicodeIsdiacritic(iCode)==0 ){
             int i;
             for(i=0; i<nNew; i++){
-              if( aNew[i]>iCode ) break;
+              if( (u32)aNew[i]>iCode ) break;
             }
             memmove(&aNew[i+1], &aNew[i], (nNew-i)*sizeof(int));
             aNew[i] = iCode;
@@ -216039,12 +228465,12 @@ static int unicodeSetCategories(Unicode61Tokenizer *p, const char *zCat){
 ** Create a "unicode61" tokenizer.
 */
 static int fts5UnicodeCreate(
-  void *pUnused, 
+  void *pUnused,
   const char **azArg, int nArg,
   Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
-  Unicode61Tokenizer *p = 0;      /* New tokenizer object */ 
+  Unicode61Tokenizer *p = 0;      /* New tokenizer object */
 
   UNUSED_PARAM(pUnused);
 
@@ -216057,9 +228483,9 @@ static int fts5UnicodeCreate(
       int i;
       memset(p, 0, sizeof(Unicode61Tokenizer));
 
-      p->bRemoveDiacritic = 1;
+      p->eRemoveDiacritic = FTS5_REMOVE_DIACRITICS_SIMPLE;
       p->nFold = 64;
-      p->aFold = sqlite3_malloc(p->nFold * sizeof(char));
+      p->aFold = sqlite3_malloc64(p->nFold * sizeof(char));
       if( p->aFold==0 ){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }
@@ -216078,10 +228504,15 @@ static int fts5UnicodeCreate(
       for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<nArg; i+=2){
         const char *zArg = azArg[i+1];
         if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(azArg[i], "remove_diacritics") ){
-          if( (zArg[0]!='0' && zArg[0]!='1') || zArg[1] ){
+          if( (zArg[0]!='0' && zArg[0]!='1' && zArg[0]!='2') || zArg[1] ){
             rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+          }else{
+            p->eRemoveDiacritic = (zArg[0] - '0');
+            assert( p->eRemoveDiacritic==FTS5_REMOVE_DIACRITICS_NONE
+                 || p->eRemoveDiacritic==FTS5_REMOVE_DIACRITICS_SIMPLE
+                 || p->eRemoveDiacritic==FTS5_REMOVE_DIACRITICS_COMPLEX
+            );
           }
-          p->bRemoveDiacritic = (zArg[0]=='1');
         }else
         if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(azArg[i], "tokenchars") ){
           rc = fts5UnicodeAddExceptions(p, zArg, 1);
@@ -216110,12 +228541,12 @@ static int fts5UnicodeCreate(
 
 /*
 ** Return true if, for the purposes of tokenizing with the tokenizer
-** passed as the first argument, codepoint iCode is considered a token 
+** passed as the first argument, codepoint iCode is considered a token
 ** character (not a separator).
 */
 static int fts5UnicodeIsAlnum(Unicode61Tokenizer *p, int iCode){
   return (
-    p->aCategory[sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCategory(iCode)]
+    p->aCategory[sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCategory((u32)iCode)]
     ^ fts5UnicodeIsException(p, iCode)
   );
 }
@@ -216144,7 +228575,7 @@ static int fts5UnicodeTokenize(
   /* Each iteration of this loop gobbles up a contiguous run of separators,
   ** then the next token.  */
   while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    int iCode;                    /* non-ASCII codepoint read from input */
+    u32 iCode;                    /* non-ASCII codepoint read from input */
     char *zOut = aFold;
     int is;
     int ie;
@@ -216176,7 +228607,7 @@ static int fts5UnicodeTokenize(
       /* Grow the output buffer so that there is sufficient space to fit the
       ** largest possible utf-8 character.  */
       if( zOut>pEnd ){
-        aFold = sqlite3_malloc(nFold*2);
+        aFold = sqlite3_malloc64((sqlite3_int64)nFold*2);
         if( aFold==0 ){
           rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
           goto tokenize_done;
@@ -216195,14 +228626,14 @@ static int fts5UnicodeTokenize(
         READ_UTF8(zCsr, zTerm, iCode);
         if( fts5UnicodeIsAlnum(p,iCode)||sqlite3Fts5UnicodeIsdiacritic(iCode) ){
  non_ascii_tokenchar:
-          iCode = sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(iCode, p->bRemoveDiacritic);
+          iCode = sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(iCode, p->eRemoveDiacritic);
           if( iCode ) WRITE_UTF8(zOut, iCode);
         }else{
           break;
         }
       }else if( a[*zCsr]==0 ){
         /* An ascii-range separator character. End of token. */
-        break; 
+        break;
       }else{
  ascii_tokenchar:
         if( *zCsr>='A' && *zCsr<='Z' ){
@@ -216216,9 +228647,9 @@ static int fts5UnicodeTokenize(
     }
 
     /* Invoke the token callback */
-    rc = xToken(pCtx, 0, aFold, zOut-aFold, is, ie); 
+    rc = xToken(pCtx, 0, aFold, zOut-aFold, is, ie);
   }
-  
+
  tokenize_done:
   if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
   return rc;
@@ -216256,7 +228687,7 @@ static void fts5PorterDelete(Fts5Tokenizer *pTok){
 ** Create a "porter" tokenizer.
 */
 static int fts5PorterCreate(
-  void *pCtx, 
+  void *pCtx,
   const char **azArg, int nArg,
   Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut
 ){
@@ -216400,7 +228831,7 @@ static int fts5Porter_Ostar(char *zStem, int nStem){
 /* porter rule condition: (m > 1 and (*S or *T)) */
 static int fts5Porter_MGt1_and_S_or_T(char *zStem, int nStem){
   assert( nStem>0 );
-  return (zStem[nStem-1]=='s' || zStem[nStem-1]=='t') 
+  return (zStem[nStem-1]=='s' || zStem[nStem-1]=='t')
       && fts5Porter_MGt1(zStem, nStem);
 }
 
@@ -216425,16 +228856,16 @@ static int fts5PorterStep4(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
   int ret = 0;
   int nBuf = *pnBuf;
   switch( aBuf[nBuf-2] ){
-    
-    case 'a': 
+
+    case 'a':
       if( nBuf>2 && 0==memcmp("al", &aBuf[nBuf-2], 2) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt1(aBuf, nBuf-2) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 2;
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'c': 
+
+    case 'c':
       if( nBuf>4 && 0==memcmp("ance", &aBuf[nBuf-4], 4) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt1(aBuf, nBuf-4) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 4;
@@ -216445,24 +228876,24 @@ static int fts5PorterStep4(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'e': 
+
+    case 'e':
       if( nBuf>2 && 0==memcmp("er", &aBuf[nBuf-2], 2) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt1(aBuf, nBuf-2) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 2;
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'i': 
+
+    case 'i':
       if( nBuf>2 && 0==memcmp("ic", &aBuf[nBuf-2], 2) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt1(aBuf, nBuf-2) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 2;
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'l': 
+
+    case 'l':
       if( nBuf>4 && 0==memcmp("able", &aBuf[nBuf-4], 4) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt1(aBuf, nBuf-4) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 4;
@@ -216473,8 +228904,8 @@ static int fts5PorterStep4(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'n': 
+
+    case 'n':
       if( nBuf>3 && 0==memcmp("ant", &aBuf[nBuf-3], 3) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt1(aBuf, nBuf-3) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 3;
@@ -216493,8 +228924,8 @@ static int fts5PorterStep4(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'o': 
+
+    case 'o':
       if( nBuf>3 && 0==memcmp("ion", &aBuf[nBuf-3], 3) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt1_and_S_or_T(aBuf, nBuf-3) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 3;
@@ -216505,16 +228936,16 @@ static int fts5PorterStep4(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 's': 
+
+    case 's':
       if( nBuf>3 && 0==memcmp("ism", &aBuf[nBuf-3], 3) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt1(aBuf, nBuf-3) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 3;
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 't': 
+
+    case 't':
       if( nBuf>3 && 0==memcmp("ate", &aBuf[nBuf-3], 3) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt1(aBuf, nBuf-3) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 3;
@@ -216525,76 +228956,76 @@ static int fts5PorterStep4(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'u': 
+
+    case 'u':
       if( nBuf>3 && 0==memcmp("ous", &aBuf[nBuf-3], 3) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt1(aBuf, nBuf-3) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 3;
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'v': 
+
+    case 'v':
       if( nBuf>3 && 0==memcmp("ive", &aBuf[nBuf-3], 3) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt1(aBuf, nBuf-3) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 3;
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'z': 
+
+    case 'z':
       if( nBuf>3 && 0==memcmp("ize", &aBuf[nBuf-3], 3) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt1(aBuf, nBuf-3) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 3;
         }
       }
       break;
-  
+
   }
   return ret;
 }
-  
+
 
 static int fts5PorterStep1B2(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
   int ret = 0;
   int nBuf = *pnBuf;
   switch( aBuf[nBuf-2] ){
-    
-    case 'a': 
+
+    case 'a':
       if( nBuf>2 && 0==memcmp("at", &aBuf[nBuf-2], 2) ){
         memcpy(&aBuf[nBuf-2], "ate", 3);
         *pnBuf = nBuf - 2 + 3;
         ret = 1;
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'b': 
+
+    case 'b':
       if( nBuf>2 && 0==memcmp("bl", &aBuf[nBuf-2], 2) ){
         memcpy(&aBuf[nBuf-2], "ble", 3);
         *pnBuf = nBuf - 2 + 3;
         ret = 1;
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'i': 
+
+    case 'i':
       if( nBuf>2 && 0==memcmp("iz", &aBuf[nBuf-2], 2) ){
         memcpy(&aBuf[nBuf-2], "ize", 3);
         *pnBuf = nBuf - 2 + 3;
         ret = 1;
       }
       break;
-  
+
   }
   return ret;
 }
-  
+
 
 static int fts5PorterStep2(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
   int ret = 0;
   int nBuf = *pnBuf;
   switch( aBuf[nBuf-2] ){
-    
-    case 'a': 
+
+    case 'a':
       if( nBuf>7 && 0==memcmp("ational", &aBuf[nBuf-7], 7) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt0(aBuf, nBuf-7) ){
           memcpy(&aBuf[nBuf-7], "ate", 3);
@@ -216607,8 +229038,8 @@ static int fts5PorterStep2(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'c': 
+
+    case 'c':
       if( nBuf>4 && 0==memcmp("enci", &aBuf[nBuf-4], 4) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt0(aBuf, nBuf-4) ){
           memcpy(&aBuf[nBuf-4], "ence", 4);
@@ -216621,8 +229052,8 @@ static int fts5PorterStep2(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'e': 
+
+    case 'e':
       if( nBuf>4 && 0==memcmp("izer", &aBuf[nBuf-4], 4) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt0(aBuf, nBuf-4) ){
           memcpy(&aBuf[nBuf-4], "ize", 3);
@@ -216630,8 +229061,8 @@ static int fts5PorterStep2(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'g': 
+
+    case 'g':
       if( nBuf>4 && 0==memcmp("logi", &aBuf[nBuf-4], 4) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt0(aBuf, nBuf-4) ){
           memcpy(&aBuf[nBuf-4], "log", 3);
@@ -216639,8 +229070,8 @@ static int fts5PorterStep2(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'l': 
+
+    case 'l':
       if( nBuf>3 && 0==memcmp("bli", &aBuf[nBuf-3], 3) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt0(aBuf, nBuf-3) ){
           memcpy(&aBuf[nBuf-3], "ble", 3);
@@ -216668,8 +229099,8 @@ static int fts5PorterStep2(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'o': 
+
+    case 'o':
       if( nBuf>7 && 0==memcmp("ization", &aBuf[nBuf-7], 7) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt0(aBuf, nBuf-7) ){
           memcpy(&aBuf[nBuf-7], "ize", 3);
@@ -216687,8 +229118,8 @@ static int fts5PorterStep2(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 's': 
+
+    case 's':
       if( nBuf>5 && 0==memcmp("alism", &aBuf[nBuf-5], 5) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt0(aBuf, nBuf-5) ){
           memcpy(&aBuf[nBuf-5], "al", 2);
@@ -216711,8 +229142,8 @@ static int fts5PorterStep2(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 't': 
+
+    case 't':
       if( nBuf>5 && 0==memcmp("aliti", &aBuf[nBuf-5], 5) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt0(aBuf, nBuf-5) ){
           memcpy(&aBuf[nBuf-5], "al", 2);
@@ -216730,18 +229161,18 @@ static int fts5PorterStep2(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
+
   }
   return ret;
 }
-  
+
 
 static int fts5PorterStep3(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
   int ret = 0;
   int nBuf = *pnBuf;
   switch( aBuf[nBuf-2] ){
-    
-    case 'a': 
+
+    case 'a':
       if( nBuf>4 && 0==memcmp("ical", &aBuf[nBuf-4], 4) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt0(aBuf, nBuf-4) ){
           memcpy(&aBuf[nBuf-4], "ic", 2);
@@ -216749,16 +229180,16 @@ static int fts5PorterStep3(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 's': 
+
+    case 's':
       if( nBuf>4 && 0==memcmp("ness", &aBuf[nBuf-4], 4) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt0(aBuf, nBuf-4) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 4;
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 't': 
+
+    case 't':
       if( nBuf>5 && 0==memcmp("icate", &aBuf[nBuf-5], 5) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt0(aBuf, nBuf-5) ){
           memcpy(&aBuf[nBuf-5], "ic", 2);
@@ -216771,24 +229202,24 @@ static int fts5PorterStep3(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'u': 
+
+    case 'u':
       if( nBuf>3 && 0==memcmp("ful", &aBuf[nBuf-3], 3) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt0(aBuf, nBuf-3) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 3;
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'v': 
+
+    case 'v':
       if( nBuf>5 && 0==memcmp("ative", &aBuf[nBuf-5], 5) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt0(aBuf, nBuf-5) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 5;
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'z': 
+
+    case 'z':
       if( nBuf>5 && 0==memcmp("alize", &aBuf[nBuf-5], 5) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt0(aBuf, nBuf-5) ){
           memcpy(&aBuf[nBuf-5], "al", 2);
@@ -216796,18 +229227,18 @@ static int fts5PorterStep3(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
+
   }
   return ret;
 }
-  
+
 
 static int fts5PorterStep1B(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
   int ret = 0;
   int nBuf = *pnBuf;
   switch( aBuf[nBuf-2] ){
-    
-    case 'e': 
+
+    case 'e':
       if( nBuf>3 && 0==memcmp("eed", &aBuf[nBuf-3], 3) ){
         if( fts5Porter_MGt0(aBuf, nBuf-3) ){
           memcpy(&aBuf[nBuf-3], "ee", 2);
@@ -216820,8 +229251,8 @@ static int fts5PorterStep1B(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
-    case 'n': 
+
+    case 'n':
       if( nBuf>3 && 0==memcmp("ing", &aBuf[nBuf-3], 3) ){
         if( fts5Porter_Vowel(aBuf, nBuf-3) ){
           *pnBuf = nBuf - 3;
@@ -216829,12 +229260,12 @@ static int fts5PorterStep1B(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
         }
       }
       break;
-  
+
   }
   return ret;
 }
-  
-/* 
+
+/*
 ** GENERATED CODE ENDS HERE (mkportersteps.tcl)
 ***************************************************************************
 **************************************************************************/
@@ -216843,7 +229274,7 @@ static void fts5PorterStep1A(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
   int nBuf = *pnBuf;
   if( aBuf[nBuf-1]=='s' ){
     if( aBuf[nBuf-2]=='e' ){
-      if( (nBuf>4 && aBuf[nBuf-4]=='s' && aBuf[nBuf-3]=='s') 
+      if( (nBuf>4 && aBuf[nBuf-4]=='s' && aBuf[nBuf-3]=='s')
        || (nBuf>3 && aBuf[nBuf-3]=='i' )
       ){
         *pnBuf = nBuf-2;
@@ -216858,11 +229289,11 @@ static void fts5PorterStep1A(char *aBuf, int *pnBuf){
 }
 
 static int fts5PorterCb(
-  void *pCtx, 
+  void *pCtx,
   int tflags,
-  const char *pToken, 
-  int nToken, 
-  int iStart, 
+  const char *pToken,
+  int nToken,
+  int iStart,
   int iEnd
 ){
   PorterContext *p = (PorterContext*)pCtx;
@@ -216880,8 +229311,8 @@ static int fts5PorterCb(
   if( fts5PorterStep1B(aBuf, &nBuf) ){
     if( fts5PorterStep1B2(aBuf, &nBuf)==0 ){
       char c = aBuf[nBuf-1];
-      if( fts5PorterIsVowel(c, 0)==0 
-       && c!='l' && c!='s' && c!='z' && c==aBuf[nBuf-2] 
+      if( fts5PorterIsVowel(c, 0)==0
+       && c!='l' && c!='s' && c!='z' && c==aBuf[nBuf-2]
       ){
         nBuf--;
       }else if( fts5Porter_MEq1(aBuf, nBuf) && fts5Porter_Ostar(aBuf, nBuf) ){
@@ -216903,7 +229334,7 @@ static int fts5PorterCb(
   /* Step 5a. */
   assert( nBuf>0 );
   if( aBuf[nBuf-1]=='e' ){
-    if( fts5Porter_MGt1(aBuf, nBuf-1) 
+    if( fts5Porter_MGt1(aBuf, nBuf-1)
      || (fts5Porter_MEq1(aBuf, nBuf-1) && !fts5Porter_Ostar(aBuf, nBuf-1))
     ){
       nBuf--;
@@ -216911,8 +229342,8 @@ static int fts5PorterCb(
   }
 
   /* Step 5b. */
-  if( nBuf>1 && aBuf[nBuf-1]=='l' 
-   && aBuf[nBuf-2]=='l' && fts5Porter_MGt1(aBuf, nBuf-1) 
+  if( nBuf>1 && aBuf[nBuf-1]=='l'
+   && aBuf[nBuf-2]=='l' && fts5Porter_MGt1(aBuf, nBuf-1)
   ){
     nBuf--;
   }
@@ -216943,6 +229374,133 @@ static int fts5PorterTokenize(
   );
 }
 
+/**************************************************************************
+** Start of trigram implementation.
+*/
+typedef struct TrigramTokenizer TrigramTokenizer;
+struct TrigramTokenizer {
+  int bFold;                      /* True to fold to lower-case */
+};
+
+/*
+** Free a trigram tokenizer.
+*/
+static void fts5TriDelete(Fts5Tokenizer *p){
+  sqlite3_free(p);
+}
+
+/*
+** Allocate a trigram tokenizer.
+*/
+static int fts5TriCreate(
+  void *pUnused,
+  const char **azArg,
+  int nArg,
+  Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  TrigramTokenizer *pNew = (TrigramTokenizer*)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(*pNew));
+  UNUSED_PARAM(pUnused);
+  if( pNew==0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }else{
+    int i;
+    pNew->bFold = 1;
+    for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<nArg; i+=2){
+      const char *zArg = azArg[i+1];
+      if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(azArg[i], "case_sensitive") ){
+        if( (zArg[0]!='0' && zArg[0]!='1') || zArg[1] ){
+          rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+        }else{
+          pNew->bFold = (zArg[0]=='0');
+        }
+      }else{
+        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }
+    }
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      fts5TriDelete((Fts5Tokenizer*)pNew);
+      pNew = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  *ppOut = (Fts5Tokenizer*)pNew;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Trigram tokenizer tokenize routine.
+*/
+static int fts5TriTokenize(
+  Fts5Tokenizer *pTok,
+  void *pCtx,
+  int unusedFlags,
+  const char *pText, int nText,
+  int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)
+){
+  TrigramTokenizer *p = (TrigramTokenizer*)pTok;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  char aBuf[32];
+  const unsigned char *zIn = (const unsigned char*)pText;
+  const unsigned char *zEof = &zIn[nText];
+  u32 iCode;
+
+  UNUSED_PARAM(unusedFlags);
+  while( 1 ){
+    char *zOut = aBuf;
+    int iStart = zIn - (const unsigned char*)pText;
+    const unsigned char *zNext;
+
+    READ_UTF8(zIn, zEof, iCode);
+    if( iCode==0 ) break;
+    zNext = zIn;
+    if( zIn<zEof ){
+      if( p->bFold ) iCode = sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(iCode, 0);
+      WRITE_UTF8(zOut, iCode);
+      READ_UTF8(zIn, zEof, iCode);
+      if( iCode==0 ) break;
+    }else{
+      break;
+    }
+    if( zIn<zEof ){
+      if( p->bFold ) iCode = sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(iCode, 0);
+      WRITE_UTF8(zOut, iCode);
+      READ_UTF8(zIn, zEof, iCode);
+      if( iCode==0 ) break;
+      if( p->bFold ) iCode = sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(iCode, 0);
+      WRITE_UTF8(zOut, iCode);
+    }else{
+      break;
+    }
+    rc = xToken(pCtx, 0, aBuf, zOut-aBuf, iStart, iStart + zOut-aBuf);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
+    zIn = zNext;
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Argument xCreate is a pointer to a constructor function for a tokenizer.
+** pTok is a tokenizer previously created using the same method. This function
+** returns one of FTS5_PATTERN_NONE, FTS5_PATTERN_LIKE or FTS5_PATTERN_GLOB
+** indicating the style of pattern matching that the tokenizer can support.
+** In practice, this is:
+**
+**     "trigram" tokenizer, case_sensitive=1 - FTS5_PATTERN_GLOB
+**     "trigram" tokenizer, case_sensitive=0 (the default) - FTS5_PATTERN_LIKE
+**     all other tokenizers - FTS5_PATTERN_NONE
+*/
+static int sqlite3Fts5TokenizerPattern(
+    int (*xCreate)(void*, const char**, int, Fts5Tokenizer**),
+    Fts5Tokenizer *pTok
+){
+  if( xCreate==fts5TriCreate ){
+    TrigramTokenizer *p = (TrigramTokenizer*)pTok;
+    return p->bFold ? FTS5_PATTERN_LIKE : FTS5_PATTERN_GLOB;
+  }
+  return FTS5_PATTERN_NONE;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Register all built-in tokenizers with FTS5.
 */
@@ -216954,8 +229512,9 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5TokenizerInit(fts5_api *pApi){
     { "unicode61", {fts5UnicodeCreate, fts5UnicodeDelete, fts5UnicodeTokenize}},
     { "ascii",     {fts5AsciiCreate, fts5AsciiDelete, fts5AsciiTokenize }},
     { "porter",    {fts5PorterCreate, fts5PorterDelete, fts5PorterTokenize }},
+    { "trigram",   {fts5TriCreate, fts5TriDelete, fts5TriTokenize}},
   };
-  
+
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
   int i;                          /* To iterate through builtin functions */
 
@@ -216971,10 +229530,8 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5TokenizerInit(fts5_api *pApi){
   return rc;
 }
 
-
-
 /*
-** 2012 May 25
+** 2012-05-25
 **
 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
@@ -217003,32 +229560,48 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5TokenizerInit(fts5_api *pApi){
 ** E"). The resuls of passing a codepoint that corresponds to an
 ** uppercase letter are undefined.
 */
-static int fts5_remove_diacritic(int c){
+static int fts5_remove_diacritic(int c, int bComplex){
   unsigned short aDia[] = {
-        0,  1797,  1848,  1859,  1891,  1928,  1940,  1995, 
-     2024,  2040,  2060,  2110,  2168,  2206,  2264,  2286, 
-     2344,  2383,  2472,  2488,  2516,  2596,  2668,  2732, 
-     2782,  2842,  2894,  2954,  2984,  3000,  3028,  3336, 
-     3456,  3696,  3712,  3728,  3744,  3896,  3912,  3928, 
-     3968,  4008,  4040,  4106,  4138,  4170,  4202,  4234, 
-     4266,  4296,  4312,  4344,  4408,  4424,  4472,  4504, 
-     6148,  6198,  6264,  6280,  6360,  6429,  6505,  6529, 
-    61448, 61468, 61534, 61592, 61642, 61688, 61704, 61726, 
-    61784, 61800, 61836, 61880, 61914, 61948, 61998, 62122, 
-    62154, 62200, 62218, 62302, 62364, 62442, 62478, 62536, 
-    62554, 62584, 62604, 62640, 62648, 62656, 62664, 62730, 
-    62924, 63050, 63082, 63274, 63390, 
+        0,  1797,  1848,  1859,  1891,  1928,  1940,  1995,
+     2024,  2040,  2060,  2110,  2168,  2206,  2264,  2286,
+     2344,  2383,  2472,  2488,  2516,  2596,  2668,  2732,
+     2782,  2842,  2894,  2954,  2984,  3000,  3028,  3336,
+     3456,  3696,  3712,  3728,  3744,  3766,  3832,  3896,
+     3912,  3928,  3944,  3968,  4008,  4040,  4056,  4106,
+     4138,  4170,  4202,  4234,  4266,  4296,  4312,  4344,
+     4408,  4424,  4442,  4472,  4488,  4504,  6148,  6198,
+     6264,  6280,  6360,  6429,  6505,  6529, 61448, 61468,
+    61512, 61534, 61592, 61610, 61642, 61672, 61688, 61704,
+    61726, 61784, 61800, 61816, 61836, 61880, 61896, 61914,
+    61948, 61998, 62062, 62122, 62154, 62184, 62200, 62218,
+    62252, 62302, 62364, 62410, 62442, 62478, 62536, 62554,
+    62584, 62604, 62640, 62648, 62656, 62664, 62730, 62766,
+    62830, 62890, 62924, 62974, 63032, 63050, 63082, 63118,
+    63182, 63242, 63274, 63310, 63368, 63390,
   };
-  char aChar[] = {
-    '\0', 'a',  'c',  'e',  'i',  'n',  'o',  'u',  'y',  'y',  'a',  'c',  
-    'd',  'e',  'e',  'g',  'h',  'i',  'j',  'k',  'l',  'n',  'o',  'r',  
-    's',  't',  'u',  'u',  'w',  'y',  'z',  'o',  'u',  'a',  'i',  'o',  
-    'u',  'g',  'k',  'o',  'j',  'g',  'n',  'a',  'e',  'i',  'o',  'r',  
-    'u',  's',  't',  'h',  'a',  'e',  'o',  'y',  '\0', '\0', '\0', '\0', 
-    '\0', '\0', '\0', '\0', 'a',  'b',  'd',  'd',  'e',  'f',  'g',  'h',  
-    'h',  'i',  'k',  'l',  'l',  'm',  'n',  'p',  'r',  'r',  's',  't',  
-    'u',  'v',  'w',  'w',  'x',  'y',  'z',  'h',  't',  'w',  'y',  'a',  
-    'e',  'i',  'o',  'u',  'y',  
+#define HIBIT ((unsigned char)0x80)
+  unsigned char aChar[] = {
+    '\0',      'a',       'c',       'e',       'i',       'n',
+    'o',       'u',       'y',       'y',       'a',       'c',
+    'd',       'e',       'e',       'g',       'h',       'i',
+    'j',       'k',       'l',       'n',       'o',       'r',
+    's',       't',       'u',       'u',       'w',       'y',
+    'z',       'o',       'u',       'a',       'i',       'o',
+    'u',       'u'|HIBIT, 'a'|HIBIT, 'g',       'k',       'o',
+    'o'|HIBIT, 'j',       'g',       'n',       'a'|HIBIT, 'a',
+    'e',       'i',       'o',       'r',       'u',       's',
+    't',       'h',       'a',       'e',       'o'|HIBIT, 'o',
+    'o'|HIBIT, 'y',       '\0',      '\0',      '\0',      '\0',
+    '\0',      '\0',      '\0',      '\0',      'a',       'b',
+    'c'|HIBIT, 'd',       'd',       'e'|HIBIT, 'e',       'e'|HIBIT,
+    'f',       'g',       'h',       'h',       'i',       'i'|HIBIT,
+    'k',       'l',       'l'|HIBIT, 'l',       'm',       'n',
+    'o'|HIBIT, 'p',       'r',       'r'|HIBIT, 'r',       's',
+    's'|HIBIT, 't',       'u',       'u'|HIBIT, 'v',       'w',
+    'w',       'x',       'y',       'z',       'h',       't',
+    'w',       'y',       'a',       'a'|HIBIT, 'a'|HIBIT, 'a'|HIBIT,
+    'e',       'e'|HIBIT, 'e'|HIBIT, 'i',       'o',       'o'|HIBIT,
+    'o'|HIBIT, 'o'|HIBIT, 'u',       'u'|HIBIT, 'u'|HIBIT, 'y',
   };
 
   unsigned int key = (((unsigned int)c)<<3) | 0x00000007;
@@ -217045,7 +229618,8 @@ static int fts5_remove_diacritic(int c){
     }
   }
   assert( key>=aDia[iRes] );
-  return ((c > (aDia[iRes]>>3) + (aDia[iRes]&0x07)) ? c : (int)aChar[iRes]);
+  if( bComplex==0 && (aChar[iRes] & 0x80) ) return c;
+  return (c > (aDia[iRes]>>3) + (aDia[iRes]&0x07)) ? c : ((int)aChar[iRes] & 0x7F);
 }
 
 
@@ -217058,8 +229632,8 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeIsdiacritic(int c){
   unsigned int mask1 = 0x000361F8;
   if( c<768 || c>817 ) return 0;
   return (c < 768+32) ?
-      (mask0 & (1 << (c-768))) :
-      (mask1 & (1 << (c-768-32)));
+      (mask0 & ((unsigned int)1 << (c-768))) :
+      (mask1 & ((unsigned int)1 << (c-768-32)));
 }
 
 
@@ -217072,7 +229646,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeIsdiacritic(int c){
 ** The results are undefined if the value passed to this function
 ** is less than zero.
 */
-static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(int c, int bRemoveDiacritic){
+static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(int c, int eRemoveDiacritic){
   /* Each entry in the following array defines a rule for folding a range
   ** of codepoints to lower case. The rule applies to a range of nRange
   ** codepoints starting at codepoint iCode.
@@ -217149,19 +229723,19 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(int c, int bRemoveDiacritic){
     {42802, 1, 62},        {42873, 1, 4},         {42877, 76, 1},
     {42878, 1, 10},        {42891, 0, 1},         {42893, 74, 1},
     {42896, 1, 4},         {42912, 1, 10},        {42922, 72, 1},
-    {65313, 14, 26},       
+    {65313, 14, 26},
   };
   static const unsigned short aiOff[] = {
-   1,     2,     8,     15,    16,    26,    28,    32,    
-   37,    38,    40,    48,    63,    64,    69,    71,    
-   79,    80,    116,   202,   203,   205,   206,   207,   
-   209,   210,   211,   213,   214,   217,   218,   219,   
-   775,   7264,  10792, 10795, 23228, 23256, 30204, 54721, 
-   54753, 54754, 54756, 54787, 54793, 54809, 57153, 57274, 
-   57921, 58019, 58363, 61722, 65268, 65341, 65373, 65406, 
-   65408, 65410, 65415, 65424, 65436, 65439, 65450, 65462, 
-   65472, 65476, 65478, 65480, 65482, 65488, 65506, 65511, 
-   65514, 65521, 65527, 65528, 65529, 
+   1,     2,     8,     15,    16,    26,    28,    32,
+   37,    38,    40,    48,    63,    64,    69,    71,
+   79,    80,    116,   202,   203,   205,   206,   207,
+   209,   210,   211,   213,   214,   217,   218,   219,
+   775,   7264,  10792, 10795, 23228, 23256, 30204, 54721,
+   54753, 54754, 54756, 54787, 54793, 54809, 57153, 57274,
+   57921, 58019, 58363, 61722, 65268, 65341, 65373, 65406,
+   65408, 65410, 65415, 65424, 65436, 65439, 65450, 65462,
+   65472, 65476, 65478, 65480, 65482, 65488, 65506, 65511,
+   65514, 65521, 65527, 65528, 65529,
   };
 
   int ret = c;
@@ -217195,9 +229769,11 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(int c, int bRemoveDiacritic){
       assert( ret>0 );
     }
 
-    if( bRemoveDiacritic ) ret = fts5_remove_diacritic(ret);
+    if( eRemoveDiacritic ){
+      ret = fts5_remove_diacritic(ret, eRemoveDiacritic==2);
+    }
   }
-  
+
   else if( c>=66560 && c<66600 ){
     ret = c + 40;
   }
@@ -217206,13 +229782,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(int c, int bRemoveDiacritic){
 }
 
 
-#if 0
-static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeNCat(void) { 
-  return 32;
-}
-#endif
-
-static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCatParse(const char *zCat, u8 *aArray){ 
+static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCatParse(const char *zCat, u8 *aArray){
   aArray[0] = 1;
   switch( zCat[0] ){
     case 'C':
@@ -217222,7 +229792,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCatParse(const char *zCat, u8 *aArray){
             case 'n': aArray[3] = 1; break;
             case 's': aArray[4] = 1; break;
             case 'o': aArray[31] = 1; break;
-            case '*': 
+            case '*':
               aArray[1] = 1;
               aArray[2] = 1;
               aArray[3] = 1;
@@ -217240,7 +229810,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCatParse(const char *zCat, u8 *aArray){
             case 't': aArray[8] = 1; break;
             case 'u': aArray[9] = 1; break;
             case 'C': aArray[30] = 1; break;
-            case '*': 
+            case '*':
               aArray[5] = 1;
               aArray[6] = 1;
               aArray[7] = 1;
@@ -217256,7 +229826,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCatParse(const char *zCat, u8 *aArray){
             case 'c': aArray[10] = 1; break;
             case 'e': aArray[11] = 1; break;
             case 'n': aArray[12] = 1; break;
-            case '*': 
+            case '*':
               aArray[10] = 1;
               aArray[11] = 1;
               aArray[12] = 1;
@@ -217269,7 +229839,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCatParse(const char *zCat, u8 *aArray){
             case 'd': aArray[13] = 1; break;
             case 'l': aArray[14] = 1; break;
             case 'o': aArray[15] = 1; break;
-            case '*': 
+            case '*':
               aArray[13] = 1;
               aArray[14] = 1;
               aArray[15] = 1;
@@ -217286,7 +229856,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCatParse(const char *zCat, u8 *aArray){
             case 'i': aArray[20] = 1; break;
             case 'o': aArray[21] = 1; break;
             case 's': aArray[22] = 1; break;
-            case '*': 
+            case '*':
               aArray[16] = 1;
               aArray[17] = 1;
               aArray[18] = 1;
@@ -217304,7 +229874,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCatParse(const char *zCat, u8 *aArray){
             case 'k': aArray[24] = 1; break;
             case 'm': aArray[25] = 1; break;
             case 'o': aArray[26] = 1; break;
-            case '*': 
+            case '*':
               aArray[23] = 1;
               aArray[24] = 1;
               aArray[25] = 1;
@@ -217318,7 +229888,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCatParse(const char *zCat, u8 *aArray){
             case 'l': aArray[27] = 1; break;
             case 'p': aArray[28] = 1; break;
             case 's': aArray[29] = 1; break;
-            case '*': 
+            case '*':
               aArray[27] = 1;
               aArray[28] = 1;
               aArray[29] = 1;
@@ -217331,369 +229901,369 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCatParse(const char *zCat, u8 *aArray){
 }
 
 static u16 aFts5UnicodeBlock[] = {
-    0,     1471,  1753,  1760,  1760,  1760,  1760,  1760,  1760,  1760,  
-    1760,  1760,  1760,  1760,  1760,  1763,  1765,  
+    0,     1471,  1753,  1760,  1760,  1760,  1760,  1760,  1760,  1760,
+    1760,  1760,  1760,  1760,  1760,  1763,  1765,
   };
 static u16 aFts5UnicodeMap[] = {
-    0,     32,    33,    36,    37,    40,    41,    42,    43,    44,    
-    45,    46,    48,    58,    60,    63,    65,    91,    92,    93,    
-    94,    95,    96,    97,    123,   124,   125,   126,   127,   160,   
-    161,   162,   166,   167,   168,   169,   170,   171,   172,   173,   
-    174,   175,   176,   177,   178,   180,   181,   182,   184,   185,   
-    186,   187,   188,   191,   192,   215,   216,   223,   247,   248,   
-    256,   312,   313,   329,   330,   377,   383,   385,   387,   388,   
-    391,   394,   396,   398,   402,   403,   405,   406,   409,   412,   
-    414,   415,   417,   418,   423,   427,   428,   431,   434,   436,   
-    437,   440,   442,   443,   444,   446,   448,   452,   453,   454,   
-    455,   456,   457,   458,   459,   460,   461,   477,   478,   496,   
-    497,   498,   499,   500,   503,   505,   506,   564,   570,   572,   
-    573,   575,   577,   580,   583,   584,   592,   660,   661,   688,   
-    706,   710,   722,   736,   741,   748,   749,   750,   751,   768,   
-    880,   884,   885,   886,   890,   891,   894,   900,   902,   903,   
-    904,   908,   910,   912,   913,   931,   940,   975,   977,   978,   
-    981,   984,   1008,  1012,  1014,  1015,  1018,  1020,  1021,  1072,  
-    1120,  1154,  1155,  1160,  1162,  1217,  1231,  1232,  1329,  1369,  
-    1370,  1377,  1417,  1418,  1423,  1425,  1470,  1471,  1472,  1473,  
-    1475,  1476,  1478,  1479,  1488,  1520,  1523,  1536,  1542,  1545,  
-    1547,  1548,  1550,  1552,  1563,  1566,  1568,  1600,  1601,  1611,  
-    1632,  1642,  1646,  1648,  1649,  1748,  1749,  1750,  1757,  1758,  
-    1759,  1765,  1767,  1769,  1770,  1774,  1776,  1786,  1789,  1791,  
-    1792,  1807,  1808,  1809,  1810,  1840,  1869,  1958,  1969,  1984,  
-    1994,  2027,  2036,  2038,  2039,  2042,  2048,  2070,  2074,  2075,  
-    2084,  2085,  2088,  2089,  2096,  2112,  2137,  2142,  2208,  2210,  
-    2276,  2304,  2307,  2308,  2362,  2363,  2364,  2365,  2366,  2369,  
-    2377,  2381,  2382,  2384,  2385,  2392,  2402,  2404,  2406,  2416,  
-    2417,  2418,  2425,  2433,  2434,  2437,  2447,  2451,  2474,  2482,  
-    2486,  2492,  2493,  2494,  2497,  2503,  2507,  2509,  2510,  2519,  
-    2524,  2527,  2530,  2534,  2544,  2546,  2548,  2554,  2555,  2561,  
-    2563,  2565,  2575,  2579,  2602,  2610,  2613,  2616,  2620,  2622,  
-    2625,  2631,  2635,  2641,  2649,  2654,  2662,  2672,  2674,  2677,  
-    2689,  2691,  2693,  2703,  2707,  2730,  2738,  2741,  2748,  2749,  
-    2750,  2753,  2759,  2761,  2763,  2765,  2768,  2784,  2786,  2790,  
-    2800,  2801,  2817,  2818,  2821,  2831,  2835,  2858,  2866,  2869,  
-    2876,  2877,  2878,  2879,  2880,  2881,  2887,  2891,  2893,  2902,  
-    2903,  2908,  2911,  2914,  2918,  2928,  2929,  2930,  2946,  2947,  
-    2949,  2958,  2962,  2969,  2972,  2974,  2979,  2984,  2990,  3006,  
-    3008,  3009,  3014,  3018,  3021,  3024,  3031,  3046,  3056,  3059,  
-    3065,  3066,  3073,  3077,  3086,  3090,  3114,  3125,  3133,  3134,  
-    3137,  3142,  3146,  3157,  3160,  3168,  3170,  3174,  3192,  3199,  
-    3202,  3205,  3214,  3218,  3242,  3253,  3260,  3261,  3262,  3263,  
-    3264,  3270,  3271,  3274,  3276,  3285,  3294,  3296,  3298,  3302,  
-    3313,  3330,  3333,  3342,  3346,  3389,  3390,  3393,  3398,  3402,  
-    3405,  3406,  3415,  3424,  3426,  3430,  3440,  3449,  3450,  3458,  
-    3461,  3482,  3507,  3517,  3520,  3530,  3535,  3538,  3542,  3544,  
-    3570,  3572,  3585,  3633,  3634,  3636,  3647,  3648,  3654,  3655,  
-    3663,  3664,  3674,  3713,  3716,  3719,  3722,  3725,  3732,  3737,  
-    3745,  3749,  3751,  3754,  3757,  3761,  3762,  3764,  3771,  3773,  
-    3776,  3782,  3784,  3792,  3804,  3840,  3841,  3844,  3859,  3860,  
-    3861,  3864,  3866,  3872,  3882,  3892,  3893,  3894,  3895,  3896,  
-    3897,  3898,  3899,  3900,  3901,  3902,  3904,  3913,  3953,  3967,  
-    3968,  3973,  3974,  3976,  3981,  3993,  4030,  4038,  4039,  4046,  
-    4048,  4053,  4057,  4096,  4139,  4141,  4145,  4146,  4152,  4153,  
-    4155,  4157,  4159,  4160,  4170,  4176,  4182,  4184,  4186,  4190,  
-    4193,  4194,  4197,  4199,  4206,  4209,  4213,  4226,  4227,  4229,  
-    4231,  4237,  4238,  4239,  4240,  4250,  4253,  4254,  4256,  4295,  
-    4301,  4304,  4347,  4348,  4349,  4682,  4688,  4696,  4698,  4704,  
-    4746,  4752,  4786,  4792,  4800,  4802,  4808,  4824,  4882,  4888,  
-    4957,  4960,  4969,  4992,  5008,  5024,  5120,  5121,  5741,  5743,  
-    5760,  5761,  5787,  5788,  5792,  5867,  5870,  5888,  5902,  5906,  
-    5920,  5938,  5941,  5952,  5970,  5984,  5998,  6002,  6016,  6068,  
-    6070,  6071,  6078,  6086,  6087,  6089,  6100,  6103,  6104,  6107,  
-    6108,  6109,  6112,  6128,  6144,  6150,  6151,  6155,  6158,  6160,  
-    6176,  6211,  6212,  6272,  6313,  6314,  6320,  6400,  6432,  6435,  
-    6439,  6441,  6448,  6450,  6451,  6457,  6464,  6468,  6470,  6480,  
-    6512,  6528,  6576,  6593,  6600,  6608,  6618,  6622,  6656,  6679,  
-    6681,  6686,  6688,  6741,  6742,  6743,  6744,  6752,  6753,  6754,  
-    6755,  6757,  6765,  6771,  6783,  6784,  6800,  6816,  6823,  6824,  
-    6912,  6916,  6917,  6964,  6965,  6966,  6971,  6972,  6973,  6978,  
-    6979,  6981,  6992,  7002,  7009,  7019,  7028,  7040,  7042,  7043,  
-    7073,  7074,  7078,  7080,  7082,  7083,  7084,  7086,  7088,  7098,  
-    7142,  7143,  7144,  7146,  7149,  7150,  7151,  7154,  7164,  7168,  
-    7204,  7212,  7220,  7222,  7227,  7232,  7245,  7248,  7258,  7288,  
-    7294,  7360,  7376,  7379,  7380,  7393,  7394,  7401,  7405,  7406,  
-    7410,  7412,  7413,  7424,  7468,  7531,  7544,  7545,  7579,  7616,  
-    7676,  7680,  7830,  7838,  7936,  7944,  7952,  7960,  7968,  7976,  
-    7984,  7992,  8000,  8008,  8016,  8025,  8027,  8029,  8031,  8033,  
-    8040,  8048,  8064,  8072,  8080,  8088,  8096,  8104,  8112,  8118,  
-    8120,  8124,  8125,  8126,  8127,  8130,  8134,  8136,  8140,  8141,  
-    8144,  8150,  8152,  8157,  8160,  8168,  8173,  8178,  8182,  8184,  
-    8188,  8189,  8192,  8203,  8208,  8214,  8216,  8217,  8218,  8219,  
-    8221,  8222,  8223,  8224,  8232,  8233,  8234,  8239,  8240,  8249,  
-    8250,  8251,  8255,  8257,  8260,  8261,  8262,  8263,  8274,  8275,  
-    8276,  8277,  8287,  8288,  8298,  8304,  8305,  8308,  8314,  8317,  
-    8318,  8319,  8320,  8330,  8333,  8334,  8336,  8352,  8400,  8413,  
-    8417,  8418,  8421,  8448,  8450,  8451,  8455,  8456,  8458,  8459,  
-    8462,  8464,  8467,  8468,  8469,  8470,  8472,  8473,  8478,  8484,  
-    8485,  8486,  8487,  8488,  8489,  8490,  8494,  8495,  8496,  8500,  
-    8501,  8505,  8506,  8508,  8510,  8512,  8517,  8519,  8522,  8523,  
-    8524,  8526,  8527,  8528,  8544,  8579,  8581,  8585,  8592,  8597,  
-    8602,  8604,  8608,  8609,  8611,  8612,  8614,  8615,  8622,  8623,  
-    8654,  8656,  8658,  8659,  8660,  8661,  8692,  8960,  8968,  8972,  
-    8992,  8994,  9001,  9002,  9003,  9084,  9085,  9115,  9140,  9180,  
-    9186,  9216,  9280,  9312,  9372,  9450,  9472,  9655,  9656,  9665,  
-    9666,  9720,  9728,  9839,  9840,  9985,  10088, 10089, 10090, 10091, 
-    10092, 10093, 10094, 10095, 10096, 10097, 10098, 10099, 10100, 10101, 
-    10102, 10132, 10176, 10181, 10182, 10183, 10214, 10215, 10216, 10217, 
-    10218, 10219, 10220, 10221, 10222, 10223, 10224, 10240, 10496, 10627, 
-    10628, 10629, 10630, 10631, 10632, 10633, 10634, 10635, 10636, 10637, 
-    10638, 10639, 10640, 10641, 10642, 10643, 10644, 10645, 10646, 10647, 
-    10648, 10649, 10712, 10713, 10714, 10715, 10716, 10748, 10749, 10750, 
-    11008, 11056, 11077, 11079, 11088, 11264, 11312, 11360, 11363, 11365, 
-    11367, 11374, 11377, 11378, 11380, 11381, 11383, 11388, 11390, 11393, 
-    11394, 11492, 11493, 11499, 11503, 11506, 11513, 11517, 11518, 11520, 
-    11559, 11565, 11568, 11631, 11632, 11647, 11648, 11680, 11688, 11696, 
-    11704, 11712, 11720, 11728, 11736, 11744, 11776, 11778, 11779, 11780, 
-    11781, 11782, 11785, 11786, 11787, 11788, 11789, 11790, 11799, 11800, 
-    11802, 11803, 11804, 11805, 11806, 11808, 11809, 11810, 11811, 11812, 
-    11813, 11814, 11815, 11816, 11817, 11818, 11823, 11824, 11834, 11904, 
-    11931, 12032, 12272, 12288, 12289, 12292, 12293, 12294, 12295, 12296, 
-    12297, 12298, 12299, 12300, 12301, 12302, 12303, 12304, 12305, 12306, 
-    12308, 12309, 12310, 12311, 12312, 12313, 12314, 12315, 12316, 12317, 
-    12318, 12320, 12321, 12330, 12334, 12336, 12337, 12342, 12344, 12347, 
-    12348, 12349, 12350, 12353, 12441, 12443, 12445, 12447, 12448, 12449, 
-    12539, 12540, 12543, 12549, 12593, 12688, 12690, 12694, 12704, 12736, 
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+    2108,  2111,  2135,  2136,  2304,  2326,  2335,  2336,  2367,  2432,
+    2494,  2560,  2561,  2565,  2572,  2576,  2581,  2585,  2616,  2623,
+    2624,  2640,  2656,  2685,  2687,  2816,  2873,  2880,  2904,  2912,
+    2936,  3072,  3680,  4096,  4097,  4098,  4099,  4152,  4167,  4178,
+    4198,  4224,  4226,  4227,  4272,  4275,  4279,  4281,  4283,  4285,
+    4286,  4304,  4336,  4352,  4355,  4391,  4396,  4397,  4406,  4416,
+    4480,  4482,  4483,  4531,  4534,  4543,  4545,  4549,  4560,  5760,
+    5803,  5804,  5805,  5806,  5808,  5814,  5815,  5824,  8192,  9216,
+    9328,  12288, 26624, 28416, 28496, 28497, 28559, 28563, 45056, 53248,
+    53504, 53545, 53605, 53607, 53610, 53613, 53619, 53627, 53635, 53637,
+    53644, 53674, 53678, 53760, 53826, 53829, 54016, 54112, 54272, 54298,
+    54324, 54350, 54358, 54376, 54402, 54428, 54430, 54434, 54437, 54441,
+    54446, 54454, 54459, 54461, 54469, 54480, 54506, 54532, 54535, 54541,
+    54550, 54558, 54584, 54587, 54592, 54598, 54602, 54610, 54636, 54662,
+    54688, 54714, 54740, 54766, 54792, 54818, 54844, 54870, 54896, 54922,
+    54952, 54977, 54978, 55003, 55004, 55010, 55035, 55036, 55061, 55062,
+    55068, 55093, 55094, 55119, 55120, 55126, 55151, 55152, 55177, 55178,
+    55184, 55209, 55210, 55235, 55236, 55242, 55246, 60928, 60933, 60961,
+    60964, 60967, 60969, 60980, 60985, 60987, 60994, 60999, 61001, 61003,
+    61005, 61009, 61012, 61015, 61017, 61019, 61021, 61023, 61025, 61028,
+    61031, 61036, 61044, 61049, 61054, 61056, 61067, 61089, 61093, 61099,
+    61168, 61440, 61488, 61600, 61617, 61633, 61649, 61696, 61712, 61744,
+    61808, 61926, 61968, 62016, 62032, 62208, 62256, 62263, 62336, 62368,
+    62406, 62432, 62464, 62528, 62530, 62713, 62720, 62784, 62800, 62971,
+    63045, 63104, 63232, 0,     42710, 42752, 46900, 46912, 47133, 63488,
+    1,     32,    256,   0,     65533,
   };
 static u16 aFts5UnicodeData[] = {
-    1025,  61,    117,   55,    117,   54,    50,    53,    57,    53,    
-    49,    85,    333,   85,    121,   85,    841,   54,    53,    50,    
-    56,    48,    56,    837,   54,    57,    50,    57,    1057,  61,    
-    53,    151,   58,    53,    56,    58,    39,    52,    57,    34,    
-    58,    56,    58,    57,    79,    56,    37,    85,    56,    47,    
-    39,    51,    111,   53,    745,   57,    233,   773,   57,    261,   
-    1822,  37,    542,   37,    1534,  222,   69,    73,    37,    126,   
-    126,   73,    69,    137,   37,    73,    37,    105,   101,   73,    
-    37,    73,    37,    190,   158,   37,    126,   126,   73,    37,    
-    126,   94,    37,    39,    94,    69,    135,   41,    40,    37,    
-    41,    40,    37,    41,    40,    37,    542,   37,    606,   37,    
-    41,    40,    37,    126,   73,    37,    1886,  197,   73,    37,    
-    73,    69,    126,   105,   37,    286,   2181,  39,    869,   582,   
-    152,   390,   472,   166,   248,   38,    56,    38,    568,   3596,  
-    158,   38,    56,    94,    38,    101,   53,    88,    41,    53,    
-    105,   41,    73,    37,    553,   297,   1125,  94,    37,    105,   
-    101,   798,   133,   94,    57,    126,   94,    37,    1641,  1541,  
-    1118,  58,    172,   75,    1790,  478,   37,    2846,  1225,  38,    
-    213,   1253,  53,    49,    55,    1452,  49,    44,    53,    76,    
-    53,    76,    53,    44,    871,   103,   85,    162,   121,   85,    
-    55,    85,    90,    364,   53,    85,    1031,  38,    327,   684,   
-    333,   149,   71,    44,    3175,  53,    39,    236,   34,    58,    
-    204,   70,    76,    58,    140,   71,    333,   103,   90,    39,    
-    469,   34,    39,    44,    967,   876,   2855,  364,   39,    333,   
-    1063,  300,   70,    58,    117,   38,    711,   140,   38,    300,   
-    38,    108,   38,    172,   501,   807,   108,   53,    39,    359,   
-    876,   108,   42,    1735,  44,    42,    44,    39,    106,   268,   
-    138,   44,    74,    39,    236,   327,   76,    85,    333,   53,    
-    38,    199,   231,   44,    74,    263,   71,    711,   231,   39,    
-    135,   44,    39,    106,   140,   74,    74,    44,    39,    42,    
-    71,    103,   76,    333,   71,    87,    207,   58,    55,    76,    
-    42,    199,   71,    711,   231,   71,    71,    71,    44,    106,   
-    76,    76,    108,   44,    135,   39,    333,   76,    103,   44,    
-    76,    42,    295,   103,   711,   231,   71,    167,   44,    39,    
-    106,   172,   76,    42,    74,    44,    39,    71,    76,    333,   
-    53,    55,    44,    74,    263,   71,    711,   231,   71,    167,   
-    44,    39,    42,    44,    42,    140,   74,    74,    44,    44,    
-    42,    71,    103,   76,    333,   58,    39,    207,   44,    39,    
-    199,   103,   135,   71,    39,    71,    71,    103,   391,   74,    
-    44,    74,    106,   106,   44,    39,    42,    333,   111,   218,   
-    55,    58,    106,   263,   103,   743,   327,   167,   39,    108,   
-    138,   108,   140,   76,    71,    71,    76,    333,   239,   58,    
-    74,    263,   103,   743,   327,   167,   44,    39,    42,    44,    
-    170,   44,    74,    74,    76,    74,    39,    71,    76,    333,   
-    71,    74,    263,   103,   1319,  39,    106,   140,   106,   106,   
-    44,    39,    42,    71,    76,    333,   207,   58,    199,   74,    
-    583,   775,   295,   39,    231,   44,    106,   108,   44,    266,   
-    74,    53,    1543,  44,    71,    236,   55,    199,   38,    268,   
-    53,    333,   85,    71,    39,    71,    39,    39,    135,   231,   
-    103,   39,    39,    71,    135,   44,    71,    204,   76,    39,    
-    167,   38,    204,   333,   135,   39,    122,   501,   58,    53,    
-    122,   76,    218,   333,   335,   58,    44,    58,    44,    58,    
-    44,    54,    50,    54,    50,    74,    263,   1159,  460,   42,    
-    172,   53,    76,    167,   364,   1164,  282,   44,    218,   90,    
-    181,   154,   85,    1383,  74,    140,   42,    204,   42,    76,    
-    74,    76,    39,    333,   213,   199,   74,    76,    135,   108,   
-    39,    106,   71,    234,   103,   140,   423,   44,    74,    76,    
-    202,   44,    39,    42,    333,   106,   44,    90,    1225,  41,    
-    41,    1383,  53,    38,    10631, 135,   231,   39,    135,   1319,  
-    135,   1063,  135,   231,   39,    135,   487,   1831,  135,   2151,  
-    108,   309,   655,   519,   346,   2727,  49,    19847, 85,    551,   
-    61,    839,   54,    50,    2407,  117,   110,   423,   135,   108,   
-    583,   108,   85,    583,   76,    423,   103,   76,    1671,  76,    
-    42,    236,   266,   44,    74,    364,   117,   38,    117,   55,    
-    39,    44,    333,   335,   213,   49,    149,   108,   61,    333,   
-    1127,  38,    1671,  1319,  44,    39,    2247,  935,   108,   138,   
-    76,    106,   74,    44,    202,   108,   58,    85,    333,   967,   
-    167,   1415,  554,   231,   74,    333,   47,    1114,  743,   76,    
-    106,   85,    1703,  42,    44,    42,    236,   44,    42,    44,    
-    74,    268,   202,   332,   44,    333,   333,   245,   38,    213,   
-    140,   42,    1511,  44,    42,    172,   42,    44,    170,   44,    
-    74,    231,   333,   245,   346,   300,   314,   76,    42,    967,   
-    42,    140,   74,    76,    42,    44,    74,    71,    333,   1415,  
-    44,    42,    76,    106,   44,    42,    108,   74,    149,   1159,  
-    266,   268,   74,    76,    181,   333,   103,   333,   967,   198,   
-    85,    277,   108,   53,    428,   42,    236,   135,   44,    135,   
-    74,    44,    71,    1413,  2022,  421,   38,    1093,  1190,  1260,  
-    140,   4830,  261,   3166,  261,   265,   197,   201,   261,   265,   
-    261,   265,   197,   201,   261,   41,    41,    41,    94,    229,   
-    265,   453,   261,   264,   261,   264,   261,   264,   165,   69,    
-    137,   40,    56,    37,    120,   101,   69,    137,   40,    120,   
-    133,   69,    137,   120,   261,   169,   120,   101,   69,    137,   
-    40,    88,    381,   162,   209,   85,    52,    51,    54,    84,    
-    51,    54,    52,    277,   59,    60,    162,   61,    309,   52,    
-    51,    149,   80,    117,   57,    54,    50,    373,   57,    53,    
-    48,    341,   61,    162,   194,   47,    38,    207,   121,   54,    
-    50,    38,    335,   121,   54,    50,    422,   855,   428,   139,   
-    44,    107,   396,   90,    41,    154,   41,    90,    37,    105,   
-    69,    105,   37,    58,    41,    90,    57,    169,   218,   41,    
-    58,    41,    58,    41,    58,    137,   58,    37,    137,   37,    
-    135,   37,    90,    69,    73,    185,   94,    101,   58,    57,    
-    90,    37,    58,    527,   1134,  94,    142,   47,    185,   186,   
-    89,    154,   57,    90,    57,    90,    57,    250,   57,    1018,  
-    89,    90,    57,    58,    57,    1018,  8601,  282,   153,   666,   
-    89,    250,   54,    50,    2618,  57,    986,   825,   1306,  217,   
-    602,   1274,  378,   1935,  2522,  719,   5882,  57,    314,   57,    
-    1754,  281,   3578,  57,    4634,  3322,  54,    50,    54,    50,    
-    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    
-    975,   1434,  185,   54,    50,    1017,  54,    50,    54,    50,    
-    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    537,   8218,  4217,  54,    
-    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    
-    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    
-    50,    2041,  54,    50,    54,    50,    1049,  54,    50,    8281,  
-    1562,  697,   90,    217,   346,   1513,  1509,  126,   73,    69,    
-    254,   105,   37,    94,    37,    94,    165,   70,    105,   37,    
-    3166,  37,    218,   158,   108,   94,    149,   47,    85,    1221,  
-    37,    37,    1799,  38,    53,    44,    743,   231,   231,   231,   
-    231,   231,   231,   231,   231,   1036,  85,    52,    51,    52,    
-    51,    117,   52,    51,    53,    52,    51,    309,   49,    85,    
-    49,    53,    52,    51,    85,    52,    51,    54,    50,    54,    
-    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    181,   38,    341,   81,    858,   
-    2874,  6874,  410,   61,    117,   58,    38,    39,    46,    54,    
-    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    90,    
-    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    49,    54,    
-    82,    58,    302,   140,   74,    49,    166,   90,    110,   38,    
-    39,    53,    90,    2759,  76,    88,    70,    39,    49,    2887,  
-    53,    102,   39,    1319,  3015,  90,    143,   346,   871,   1178,  
-    519,   1018,  335,   986,   271,   58,    495,   1050,  335,   1274,  
-    495,   2042,  8218,  39,    39,    2074,  39,    39,    679,   38,    
-    36583, 1786,  1287,  198,   85,    8583,  38,    117,   519,   333,   
-    71,    1502,  39,    44,    107,   53,    332,   53,    38,    798,   
-    44,    2247,  334,   76,    213,   760,   294,   88,    478,   69,    
-    2014,  38,    261,   190,   350,   38,    88,    158,   158,   382,   
-    70,    37,    231,   44,    103,   44,    135,   44,    743,   74,    
-    76,    42,    154,   207,   90,    55,    58,    1671,  149,   74,    
-    1607,  522,   44,    85,    333,   588,   199,   117,   39,    333,   
-    903,   268,   85,    743,   364,   74,    53,    935,   108,   42,    
-    1511,  44,    74,    140,   74,    44,    138,   437,   38,    333,   
-    85,    1319,  204,   74,    76,    74,    76,    103,   44,    263,   
-    44,    42,    333,   149,   519,   38,    199,   122,   39,    42,    
-    1543,  44,    39,    108,   71,    76,    167,   76,    39,    44,    
-    39,    71,    38,    85,    359,   42,    76,    74,    85,    39,    
-    70,    42,    44,    199,   199,   199,   231,   231,   1127,  74,    
-    44,    74,    44,    74,    53,    42,    44,    333,   39,    39,    
-    743,   1575,  36,    68,    68,    36,    63,    63,    11719, 3399,  
-    229,   165,   39,    44,    327,   57,    423,   167,   39,    71,    
-    71,    3463,  536,   11623, 54,    50,    2055,  1735,  391,   55,    
-    58,    524,   245,   54,    50,    53,    236,   53,    81,    80,    
-    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    
-    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    85,    54,    50,    149,   
-    112,   117,   149,   49,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    
-    117,   57,    49,    121,   53,    55,    85,    167,   4327,  34,    
-    117,   55,    117,   54,    50,    53,    57,    53,    49,    85,    
-    333,   85,    121,   85,    841,   54,    53,    50,    56,    48,    
-    56,    837,   54,    57,    50,    57,    54,    50,    53,    54,    
-    50,    85,    327,   38,    1447,  70,    999,   199,   199,   199,   
-    103,   87,    57,    56,    58,    87,    58,    153,   90,    98,    
-    90,    391,   839,   615,   71,    487,   455,   3943,  117,   1455,  
-    314,   1710,  143,   570,   47,    410,   1466,  44,    935,   1575,  
-    999,   143,   551,   46,    263,   46,    967,   53,    1159,  263,   
-    53,    174,   1289,  1285,  2503,  333,   199,   39,    1415,  71,    
-    39,    743,   53,    271,   711,   207,   53,    839,   53,    1799,  
-    71,    39,    108,   76,    140,   135,   103,   871,   108,   44,    
-    271,   309,   935,   79,    53,    1735,  245,   711,   271,   615,   
-    271,   2343,  1007,  42,    44,    42,    1703,  492,   245,   655,   
-    333,   76,    42,    1447,  106,   140,   74,    76,    85,    34,    
-    149,   807,   333,   108,   1159,  172,   42,    268,   333,   149,   
-    76,    42,    1543,  106,   300,   74,    135,   149,   333,   1383,  
-    44,    42,    44,    74,    204,   42,    44,    333,   28135, 3182,  
-    149,   34279, 18215, 2215,  39,    1482,  140,   422,   71,    7898,  
-    1274,  1946,  74,    108,   122,   202,   258,   268,   90,    236,   
-    986,   140,   1562,  2138,  108,   58,    2810,  591,   841,   837,   
-    841,   229,   581,   841,   837,   41,    73,    41,    73,    137,   
-    265,   133,   37,    229,   357,   841,   837,   73,    137,   265,   
-    233,   837,   73,    137,   169,   41,    233,   837,   841,   837,   
-    841,   837,   841,   837,   841,   837,   841,   837,   841,   901,   
-    809,   57,    805,   57,    197,   809,   57,    805,   57,    197,   
-    809,   57,    805,   57,    197,   809,   57,    805,   57,    197,   
-    809,   57,    805,   57,    197,   94,    1613,  135,   871,   71,    
-    39,    39,    327,   135,   39,    39,    39,    39,    39,    39,    
-    103,   71,    39,    39,    39,    39,    39,    39,    71,    39,    
-    135,   231,   135,   135,   39,    327,   551,   103,   167,   551,   
-    89,    1434,  3226,  506,   474,   506,   506,   367,   1018,  1946,  
-    1402,  954,   1402,  314,   90,    1082,  218,   2266,  666,   1210,  
-    186,   570,   2042,  58,    5850,  154,   2010,  154,   794,   2266,  
-    378,   2266,  3738,  39,    39,    39,    39,    39,    39,    17351, 
-    34,    3074,  7692,  63,    63,    
+    1025,  61,    117,   55,    117,   54,    50,    53,    57,    53,
+    49,    85,    333,   85,    121,   85,    841,   54,    53,    50,
+    56,    48,    56,    837,   54,    57,    50,    57,    1057,  61,
+    53,    151,   58,    53,    56,    58,    39,    52,    57,    34,
+    58,    56,    58,    57,    79,    56,    37,    85,    56,    47,
+    39,    51,    111,   53,    745,   57,    233,   773,   57,    261,
+    1822,  37,    542,   37,    1534,  222,   69,    73,    37,    126,
+    126,   73,    69,    137,   37,    73,    37,    105,   101,   73,
+    37,    73,    37,    190,   158,   37,    126,   126,   73,    37,
+    126,   94,    37,    39,    94,    69,    135,   41,    40,    37,
+    41,    40,    37,    41,    40,    37,    542,   37,    606,   37,
+    41,    40,    37,    126,   73,    37,    1886,  197,   73,    37,
+    73,    69,    126,   105,   37,    286,   2181,  39,    869,   582,
+    152,   390,   472,   166,   248,   38,    56,    38,    568,   3596,
+    158,   38,    56,    94,    38,    101,   53,    88,    41,    53,
+    105,   41,    73,    37,    553,   297,   1125,  94,    37,    105,
+    101,   798,   133,   94,    57,    126,   94,    37,    1641,  1541,
+    1118,  58,    172,   75,    1790,  478,   37,    2846,  1225,  38,
+    213,   1253,  53,    49,    55,    1452,  49,    44,    53,    76,
+    53,    76,    53,    44,    871,   103,   85,    162,   121,   85,
+    55,    85,    90,    364,   53,    85,    1031,  38,    327,   684,
+    333,   149,   71,    44,    3175,  53,    39,    236,   34,    58,
+    204,   70,    76,    58,    140,   71,    333,   103,   90,    39,
+    469,   34,    39,    44,    967,   876,   2855,  364,   39,    333,
+    1063,  300,   70,    58,    117,   38,    711,   140,   38,    300,
+    38,    108,   38,    172,   501,   807,   108,   53,    39,    359,
+    876,   108,   42,    1735,  44,    42,    44,    39,    106,   268,
+    138,   44,    74,    39,    236,   327,   76,    85,    333,   53,
+    38,    199,   231,   44,    74,    263,   71,    711,   231,   39,
+    135,   44,    39,    106,   140,   74,    74,    44,    39,    42,
+    71,    103,   76,    333,   71,    87,    207,   58,    55,    76,
+    42,    199,   71,    711,   231,   71,    71,    71,    44,    106,
+    76,    76,    108,   44,    135,   39,    333,   76,    103,   44,
+    76,    42,    295,   103,   711,   231,   71,    167,   44,    39,
+    106,   172,   76,    42,    74,    44,    39,    71,    76,    333,
+    53,    55,    44,    74,    263,   71,    711,   231,   71,    167,
+    44,    39,    42,    44,    42,    140,   74,    74,    44,    44,
+    42,    71,    103,   76,    333,   58,    39,    207,   44,    39,
+    199,   103,   135,   71,    39,    71,    71,    103,   391,   74,
+    44,    74,    106,   106,   44,    39,    42,    333,   111,   218,
+    55,    58,    106,   263,   103,   743,   327,   167,   39,    108,
+    138,   108,   140,   76,    71,    71,    76,    333,   239,   58,
+    74,    263,   103,   743,   327,   167,   44,    39,    42,    44,
+    170,   44,    74,    74,    76,    74,    39,    71,    76,    333,
+    71,    74,    263,   103,   1319,  39,    106,   140,   106,   106,
+    44,    39,    42,    71,    76,    333,   207,   58,    199,   74,
+    583,   775,   295,   39,    231,   44,    106,   108,   44,    266,
+    74,    53,    1543,  44,    71,    236,   55,    199,   38,    268,
+    53,    333,   85,    71,    39,    71,    39,    39,    135,   231,
+    103,   39,    39,    71,    135,   44,    71,    204,   76,    39,
+    167,   38,    204,   333,   135,   39,    122,   501,   58,    53,
+    122,   76,    218,   333,   335,   58,    44,    58,    44,    58,
+    44,    54,    50,    54,    50,    74,    263,   1159,  460,   42,
+    172,   53,    76,    167,   364,   1164,  282,   44,    218,   90,
+    181,   154,   85,    1383,  74,    140,   42,    204,   42,    76,
+    74,    76,    39,    333,   213,   199,   74,    76,    135,   108,
+    39,    106,   71,    234,   103,   140,   423,   44,    74,    76,
+    202,   44,    39,    42,    333,   106,   44,    90,    1225,  41,
+    41,    1383,  53,    38,    10631, 135,   231,   39,    135,   1319,
+    135,   1063,  135,   231,   39,    135,   487,   1831,  135,   2151,
+    108,   309,   655,   519,   346,   2727,  49,    19847, 85,    551,
+    61,    839,   54,    50,    2407,  117,   110,   423,   135,   108,
+    583,   108,   85,    583,   76,    423,   103,   76,    1671,  76,
+    42,    236,   266,   44,    74,    364,   117,   38,    117,   55,
+    39,    44,    333,   335,   213,   49,    149,   108,   61,    333,
+    1127,  38,    1671,  1319,  44,    39,    2247,  935,   108,   138,
+    76,    106,   74,    44,    202,   108,   58,    85,    333,   967,
+    167,   1415,  554,   231,   74,    333,   47,    1114,  743,   76,
+    106,   85,    1703,  42,    44,    42,    236,   44,    42,    44,
+    74,    268,   202,   332,   44,    333,   333,   245,   38,    213,
+    140,   42,    1511,  44,    42,    172,   42,    44,    170,   44,
+    74,    231,   333,   245,   346,   300,   314,   76,    42,    967,
+    42,    140,   74,    76,    42,    44,    74,    71,    333,   1415,
+    44,    42,    76,    106,   44,    42,    108,   74,    149,   1159,
+    266,   268,   74,    76,    181,   333,   103,   333,   967,   198,
+    85,    277,   108,   53,    428,   42,    236,   135,   44,    135,
+    74,    44,    71,    1413,  2022,  421,   38,    1093,  1190,  1260,
+    140,   4830,  261,   3166,  261,   265,   197,   201,   261,   265,
+    261,   265,   197,   201,   261,   41,    41,    41,    94,    229,
+    265,   453,   261,   264,   261,   264,   261,   264,   165,   69,
+    137,   40,    56,    37,    120,   101,   69,    137,   40,    120,
+    133,   69,    137,   120,   261,   169,   120,   101,   69,    137,
+    40,    88,    381,   162,   209,   85,    52,    51,    54,    84,
+    51,    54,    52,    277,   59,    60,    162,   61,    309,   52,
+    51,    149,   80,    117,   57,    54,    50,    373,   57,    53,
+    48,    341,   61,    162,   194,   47,    38,    207,   121,   54,
+    50,    38,    335,   121,   54,    50,    422,   855,   428,   139,
+    44,    107,   396,   90,    41,    154,   41,    90,    37,    105,
+    69,    105,   37,    58,    41,    90,    57,    169,   218,   41,
+    58,    41,    58,    41,    58,    137,   58,    37,    137,   37,
+    135,   37,    90,    69,    73,    185,   94,    101,   58,    57,
+    90,    37,    58,    527,   1134,  94,    142,   47,    185,   186,
+    89,    154,   57,    90,    57,    90,    57,    250,   57,    1018,
+    89,    90,    57,    58,    57,    1018,  8601,  282,   153,   666,
+    89,    250,   54,    50,    2618,  57,    986,   825,   1306,  217,
+    602,   1274,  378,   1935,  2522,  719,   5882,  57,    314,   57,
+    1754,  281,   3578,  57,    4634,  3322,  54,    50,    54,    50,
+    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,
+    975,   1434,  185,   54,    50,    1017,  54,    50,    54,    50,
+    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    537,   8218,  4217,  54,
+    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,
+    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,
+    50,    2041,  54,    50,    54,    50,    1049,  54,    50,    8281,
+    1562,  697,   90,    217,   346,   1513,  1509,  126,   73,    69,
+    254,   105,   37,    94,    37,    94,    165,   70,    105,   37,
+    3166,  37,    218,   158,   108,   94,    149,   47,    85,    1221,
+    37,    37,    1799,  38,    53,    44,    743,   231,   231,   231,
+    231,   231,   231,   231,   231,   1036,  85,    52,    51,    52,
+    51,    117,   52,    51,    53,    52,    51,    309,   49,    85,
+    49,    53,    52,    51,    85,    52,    51,    54,    50,    54,
+    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    181,   38,    341,   81,    858,
+    2874,  6874,  410,   61,    117,   58,    38,    39,    46,    54,
+    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    90,
+    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    49,    54,
+    82,    58,    302,   140,   74,    49,    166,   90,    110,   38,
+    39,    53,    90,    2759,  76,    88,    70,    39,    49,    2887,
+    53,    102,   39,    1319,  3015,  90,    143,   346,   871,   1178,
+    519,   1018,  335,   986,   271,   58,    495,   1050,  335,   1274,
+    495,   2042,  8218,  39,    39,    2074,  39,    39,    679,   38,
+    36583, 1786,  1287,  198,   85,    8583,  38,    117,   519,   333,
+    71,    1502,  39,    44,    107,   53,    332,   53,    38,    798,
+    44,    2247,  334,   76,    213,   760,   294,   88,    478,   69,
+    2014,  38,    261,   190,   350,   38,    88,    158,   158,   382,
+    70,    37,    231,   44,    103,   44,    135,   44,    743,   74,
+    76,    42,    154,   207,   90,    55,    58,    1671,  149,   74,
+    1607,  522,   44,    85,    333,   588,   199,   117,   39,    333,
+    903,   268,   85,    743,   364,   74,    53,    935,   108,   42,
+    1511,  44,    74,    140,   74,    44,    138,   437,   38,    333,
+    85,    1319,  204,   74,    76,    74,    76,    103,   44,    263,
+    44,    42,    333,   149,   519,   38,    199,   122,   39,    42,
+    1543,  44,    39,    108,   71,    76,    167,   76,    39,    44,
+    39,    71,    38,    85,    359,   42,    76,    74,    85,    39,
+    70,    42,    44,    199,   199,   199,   231,   231,   1127,  74,
+    44,    74,    44,    74,    53,    42,    44,    333,   39,    39,
+    743,   1575,  36,    68,    68,    36,    63,    63,    11719, 3399,
+    229,   165,   39,    44,    327,   57,    423,   167,   39,    71,
+    71,    3463,  536,   11623, 54,    50,    2055,  1735,  391,   55,
+    58,    524,   245,   54,    50,    53,    236,   53,    81,    80,
+    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,
+    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,    85,    54,    50,    149,
+    112,   117,   149,   49,    54,    50,    54,    50,    54,    50,
+    117,   57,    49,    121,   53,    55,    85,    167,   4327,  34,
+    117,   55,    117,   54,    50,    53,    57,    53,    49,    85,
+    333,   85,    121,   85,    841,   54,    53,    50,    56,    48,
+    56,    837,   54,    57,    50,    57,    54,    50,    53,    54,
+    50,    85,    327,   38,    1447,  70,    999,   199,   199,   199,
+    103,   87,    57,    56,    58,    87,    58,    153,   90,    98,
+    90,    391,   839,   615,   71,    487,   455,   3943,  117,   1455,
+    314,   1710,  143,   570,   47,    410,   1466,  44,    935,   1575,
+    999,   143,   551,   46,    263,   46,    967,   53,    1159,  263,
+    53,    174,   1289,  1285,  2503,  333,   199,   39,    1415,  71,
+    39,    743,   53,    271,   711,   207,   53,    839,   53,    1799,
+    71,    39,    108,   76,    140,   135,   103,   871,   108,   44,
+    271,   309,   935,   79,    53,    1735,  245,   711,   271,   615,
+    271,   2343,  1007,  42,    44,    42,    1703,  492,   245,   655,
+    333,   76,    42,    1447,  106,   140,   74,    76,    85,    34,
+    149,   807,   333,   108,   1159,  172,   42,    268,   333,   149,
+    76,    42,    1543,  106,   300,   74,    135,   149,   333,   1383,
+    44,    42,    44,    74,    204,   42,    44,    333,   28135, 3182,
+    149,   34279, 18215, 2215,  39,    1482,  140,   422,   71,    7898,
+    1274,  1946,  74,    108,   122,   202,   258,   268,   90,    236,
+    986,   140,   1562,  2138,  108,   58,    2810,  591,   841,   837,
+    841,   229,   581,   841,   837,   41,    73,    41,    73,    137,
+    265,   133,   37,    229,   357,   841,   837,   73,    137,   265,
+    233,   837,   73,    137,   169,   41,    233,   837,   841,   837,
+    841,   837,   841,   837,   841,   837,   841,   837,   841,   901,
+    809,   57,    805,   57,    197,   809,   57,    805,   57,    197,
+    809,   57,    805,   57,    197,   809,   57,    805,   57,    197,
+    809,   57,    805,   57,    197,   94,    1613,  135,   871,   71,
+    39,    39,    327,   135,   39,    39,    39,    39,    39,    39,
+    103,   71,    39,    39,    39,    39,    39,    39,    71,    39,
+    135,   231,   135,   135,   39,    327,   551,   103,   167,   551,
+    89,    1434,  3226,  506,   474,   506,   506,   367,   1018,  1946,
+    1402,  954,   1402,  314,   90,    1082,  218,   2266,  666,   1210,
+    186,   570,   2042,  58,    5850,  154,   2010,  154,   794,   2266,
+    378,   2266,  3738,  39,    39,    39,    39,    39,    39,    17351,
+    34,    3074,  7692,  63,    63,
   };
 
-static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCategory(int iCode) { 
+static int sqlite3Fts5UnicodeCategory(u32 iCode) {
   int iRes = -1;
   int iHi;
   int iLo;
@@ -217735,6 +230305,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5UnicodeAscii(u8 *aArray, u8 *aAscii){
     }
     iTbl++;
   }
+  aAscii[0] = 0;                  /* 0x00 is never a token character */
 }
 
 
@@ -217816,7 +230387,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5GetVarint32(const unsigned char *p, u32 *v){
     u8 n;
     p -= 2;
     n = sqlite3Fts5GetVarint(p, &v64);
-    *v = (u32)v64;
+    *v = ((u32)v64) & 0x7FFFFFFF;
     assert( n>3 && n<=9 );
     return n;
   }
@@ -218044,7 +230615,7 @@ static int FTS5_NOINLINE fts5PutVarint64(unsigned char *p, u64 v){
       v >>= 7;
     }
     return 9;
-  }    
+  }
   n = 0;
   do{
     buf[n++] = (u8)((v & 0x7f) | 0x80);
@@ -218083,7 +230654,6 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5GetVarintLen(u32 iVal){
   return 5;
 }
 
-
 /*
 ** 2015 May 08
 **
@@ -218097,7 +230667,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5GetVarintLen(u32 iVal){
 ******************************************************************************
 **
 ** This is an SQLite virtual table module implementing direct access to an
-** existing FTS5 index. The module may create several different types of 
+** existing FTS5 index. The module may create several different types of
 ** tables:
 **
 ** col:
@@ -218105,21 +230675,21 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5GetVarintLen(u32 iVal){
 **
 **   One row for each term/column combination. The value of $doc is set to
 **   the number of fts5 rows that contain at least one instance of term
-**   $term within column $col. Field $cnt is set to the total number of 
-**   instances of term $term in column $col (in any row of the fts5 table). 
+**   $term within column $col. Field $cnt is set to the total number of
+**   instances of term $term in column $col (in any row of the fts5 table).
 **
 ** row:
 **     CREATE TABLE vocab(term, doc, cnt, PRIMARY KEY(term));
 **
 **   One row for each term in the database. The value of $doc is set to
 **   the number of fts5 rows that contain at least one instance of term
-**   $term. Field $cnt is set to the total number of instances of term 
+**   $term. Field $cnt is set to the total number of instances of term
 **   $term in the database.
 **
 ** instance:
 **     CREATE TABLE vocab(term, doc, col, offset, PRIMARY KEY(<all-fields>));
 **
-**   One row for each term instance in the database. 
+**   One row for each term instance in the database.
 */
 
 
@@ -218136,12 +230706,13 @@ struct Fts5VocabTable {
   sqlite3 *db;                    /* Database handle */
   Fts5Global *pGlobal;            /* FTS5 global object for this database */
   int eType;                      /* FTS5_VOCAB_COL, ROW or INSTANCE */
+  unsigned bBusy;                 /* True if busy */
 };
 
 struct Fts5VocabCursor {
   sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;            /* Statement holding lock on pIndex */
-  Fts5Index *pIndex;              /* Associated FTS5 index */
+  Fts5Table *pFts5;               /* Associated FTS5 table */
 
   int bEof;                       /* True if this cursor is at EOF */
   Fts5IndexIter *pIter;           /* Term/rowid iterator object */
@@ -218150,7 +230721,6 @@ struct Fts5VocabCursor {
   char *zLeTerm;                  /* (term <= $zLeTerm) paramater, or NULL */
 
   /* These are used by 'col' tables only */
-  Fts5Config *pConfig;            /* Fts5 table configuration */
   int iCol;
   i64 *aCnt;
   i64 *aDoc;
@@ -218181,7 +230751,7 @@ struct Fts5VocabCursor {
 
 
 /*
-** Translate a string containing an fts5vocab table type to an 
+** Translate a string containing an fts5vocab table type to an
 ** FTS5_VOCAB_XXX constant. If successful, set *peType to the output
 ** value and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, set *pzErr to an error message
 ** and return SQLITE_ERROR.
@@ -218259,8 +230829,8 @@ static int fts5VocabInitVtab(
   sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab,          /* Write the resulting vtab structure here */
   char **pzErr                    /* Write any error message here */
 ){
-  const char *azSchema[] = { 
-    "CREATE TABlE vocab(" FTS5_VOCAB_COL_SCHEMA  ")", 
+  const char *azSchema[] = {
+    "CREATE TABlE vocab(" FTS5_VOCAB_COL_SCHEMA  ")",
     "CREATE TABlE vocab(" FTS5_VOCAB_ROW_SCHEMA  ")",
     "CREATE TABlE vocab(" FTS5_VOCAB_INST_SCHEMA ")"
   };
@@ -218279,10 +230849,10 @@ static int fts5VocabInitVtab(
     const char *zDb = bDb ? argv[3] : argv[1];
     const char *zTab = bDb ? argv[4] : argv[3];
     const char *zType = bDb ? argv[5] : argv[4];
-    int nDb = (int)strlen(zDb)+1; 
+    int nDb = (int)strlen(zDb)+1;
     int nTab = (int)strlen(zTab)+1;
     int eType = 0;
-    
+
     rc = fts5VocabTableType(zType, pzErr, &eType);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       assert( eType>=0 && eType<ArraySize(azSchema) );
@@ -218334,7 +230904,7 @@ static int fts5VocabCreateMethod(
   return fts5VocabInitVtab(db, pAux, argc, argv, ppVtab, pzErr);
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** Implementation of the xBestIndex method.
 **
 ** Only constraints of the form:
@@ -218343,7 +230913,7 @@ static int fts5VocabCreateMethod(
 **     term == ?
 **     term >= ?
 **
-** are interpreted. Less-than and less-than-or-equal are treated 
+** are interpreted. Less-than and less-than-or-equal are treated
 ** identically, as are greater-than and greater-than-or-equal.
 */
 static int fts5VocabBestIndexMethod(
@@ -218394,8 +230964,8 @@ static int fts5VocabBestIndexMethod(
   ** specifically - "ORDER BY term" or "ORDER BY term ASC" - set the
   ** sqlite3_index_info.orderByConsumed flag to tell the core the results
   ** are already in sorted order.  */
-  if( pInfo->nOrderBy==1 
-   && pInfo->aOrderBy[0].iColumn==0 
+  if( pInfo->nOrderBy==1
+   && pInfo->aOrderBy[0].iColumn==0
    && pInfo->aOrderBy[0].desc==0
   ){
     pInfo->orderByConsumed = 1;
@@ -218409,17 +230979,22 @@ static int fts5VocabBestIndexMethod(
 ** Implementation of xOpen method.
 */
 static int fts5VocabOpenMethod(
-  sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, 
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVTab,
   sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCsr
 ){
   Fts5VocabTable *pTab = (Fts5VocabTable*)pVTab;
-  Fts5Index *pIndex = 0;
-  Fts5Config *pConfig = 0;
+  Fts5Table *pFts5 = 0;
   Fts5VocabCursor *pCsr = 0;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
   char *zSql = 0;
 
+  if( pTab->bBusy ){
+    pVTab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
+       "recursive definition for %s.%s", pTab->zFts5Db, pTab->zFts5Tbl
+    );
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
   zSql = sqlite3Fts5Mprintf(&rc,
       "SELECT t.%Q FROM %Q.%Q AS t WHERE t.%Q MATCH '*id'",
       pTab->zFts5Tbl, pTab->zFts5Db, pTab->zFts5Tbl, pTab->zFts5Tbl
@@ -218431,33 +231006,38 @@ static int fts5VocabOpenMethod(
   assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pStmt==0 );
   if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
+  pTab->bBusy = 1;
   if( pStmt && sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
     i64 iId = sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, 0);
-    pIndex = sqlite3Fts5IndexFromCsrid(pTab->pGlobal, iId, &pConfig);
+    pFts5 = sqlite3Fts5TableFromCsrid(pTab->pGlobal, iId);
   }
+  pTab->bBusy = 0;
 
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pIndex==0 ){
-    rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-    pStmt = 0;
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      pVTab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
-          "no such fts5 table: %s.%s", pTab->zFts5Db, pTab->zFts5Tbl
-      );
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( pFts5==0 ){
+      rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+      pStmt = 0;
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        pVTab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
+            "no such fts5 table: %s.%s", pTab->zFts5Db, pTab->zFts5Tbl
+            );
+        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }
+    }else{
+      rc = sqlite3Fts5FlushToDisk(pFts5);
     }
   }
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    int nByte = pConfig->nCol * sizeof(i64) * 2 + sizeof(Fts5VocabCursor);
+    int nByte = pFts5->pConfig->nCol * sizeof(i64)*2 + sizeof(Fts5VocabCursor);
     pCsr = (Fts5VocabCursor*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, nByte);
   }
 
   if( pCsr ){
-    pCsr->pIndex = pIndex;
+    pCsr->pFts5 = pFts5;
     pCsr->pStmt = pStmt;
-    pCsr->pConfig = pConfig;
     pCsr->aCnt = (i64*)&pCsr[1];
-    pCsr->aDoc = &pCsr->aCnt[pConfig->nCol];
+    pCsr->aDoc = &pCsr->aCnt[pFts5->pConfig->nCol];
   }else{
     sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
   }
@@ -218473,6 +231053,7 @@ static void fts5VocabResetCursor(Fts5VocabCursor *pCsr){
   sqlite3_free(pCsr->zLeTerm);
   pCsr->nLeTerm = -1;
   pCsr->zLeTerm = 0;
+  pCsr->bEof = 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -218490,7 +231071,7 @@ static int fts5VocabCloseMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
 
 static int fts5VocabInstanceNewTerm(Fts5VocabCursor *pCsr){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  
+
   if( sqlite3Fts5IterEof(pCsr->pIter) ){
     pCsr->bEof = 1;
   }else{
@@ -218511,14 +231092,16 @@ static int fts5VocabInstanceNewTerm(Fts5VocabCursor *pCsr){
 }
 
 static int fts5VocabInstanceNext(Fts5VocabCursor *pCsr){
-  int eDetail = pCsr->pConfig->eDetail;
+  int eDetail = pCsr->pFts5->pConfig->eDetail;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   Fts5IndexIter *pIter = pCsr->pIter;
   i64 *pp = &pCsr->iInstPos;
   int *po = &pCsr->iInstOff;
-  
+
+  assert( sqlite3Fts5IterEof(pIter)==0 );
+  assert( pCsr->bEof==0 );
   while( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE
-      || sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(pIter->pData, pIter->nData, po, pp) 
+      || sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(pIter->pData, pIter->nData, po, pp)
   ){
     pCsr->iInstPos = 0;
     pCsr->iInstOff = 0;
@@ -218526,7 +231109,7 @@ static int fts5VocabInstanceNext(Fts5VocabCursor *pCsr){
     rc = sqlite3Fts5IterNextScan(pCsr->pIter);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       rc = fts5VocabInstanceNewTerm(pCsr);
-      if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ) break;
+      if( pCsr->bEof || eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ) break;
     }
     if( rc ){
       pCsr->bEof = 1;
@@ -218544,7 +231127,7 @@ static int fts5VocabNextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
   Fts5VocabCursor *pCsr = (Fts5VocabCursor*)pCursor;
   Fts5VocabTable *pTab = (Fts5VocabTable*)pCursor->pVtab;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int nCol = pCsr->pConfig->nCol;
+  int nCol = pCsr->pFts5->pConfig->nCol;
 
   pCsr->rowid++;
 
@@ -218566,6 +231149,7 @@ static int fts5VocabNextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
       int nTerm;
 
       zTerm = sqlite3Fts5IterTerm(pCsr->pIter, &nTerm);
+      assert( nTerm>=0 );
       if( pCsr->nLeTerm>=0 ){
         int nCmp = MIN(nTerm, pCsr->nLeTerm);
         int bCmp = memcmp(pCsr->zLeTerm, zTerm, nCmp);
@@ -218582,7 +231166,7 @@ static int fts5VocabNextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
 
       assert( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_COL || pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_ROW );
       while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        int eDetail = pCsr->pConfig->eDetail;
+        int eDetail = pCsr->pFts5->pConfig->eDetail;
         const u8 *pPos; int nPos;   /* Position list */
         i64 iPos = 0;               /* 64-bit position read from poslist */
         int iOff = 0;               /* Current offset within position list */
@@ -218605,7 +231189,6 @@ static int fts5VocabNextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
               int iCol = -1;
               while( 0==sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(pPos, nPos, &iOff, &iPos) ){
                 int ii = FTS5_POS2COLUMN(iPos);
-                pCsr->aCnt[ii]++;
                 if( iCol!=ii ){
                   if( ii>=nCol ){
                     rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
@@ -218614,6 +231197,7 @@ static int fts5VocabNextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
                   pCsr->aDoc[ii]++;
                   iCol = ii;
                 }
+                pCsr->aCnt[ii]++;
               }
             }else if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_COLUMNS ){
               while( 0==sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(pPos, nPos, &iOff,&iPos) ){
@@ -218642,7 +231226,9 @@ static int fts5VocabNextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
 
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           zTerm = sqlite3Fts5IterTerm(pCsr->pIter, &nTerm);
-          if( nTerm!=pCsr->term.n || memcmp(zTerm, pCsr->term.p, nTerm) ){
+          if( nTerm!=pCsr->term.n
+          || (nTerm>0 && memcmp(zTerm, pCsr->term.p, nTerm))
+          ){
             break;
           }
           if( sqlite3Fts5IterEof(pCsr->pIter) ) break;
@@ -218652,8 +231238,10 @@ static int fts5VocabNextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
   }
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pCsr->bEof==0 && pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_COL ){
-    while( pCsr->aDoc[pCsr->iCol]==0 ) pCsr->iCol++;
-    assert( pCsr->iCol<pCsr->pConfig->nCol );
+    for(/* noop */; pCsr->iCol<nCol && pCsr->aDoc[pCsr->iCol]==0; pCsr->iCol++);
+    if( pCsr->iCol==nCol ){
+      rc = FTS5_CORRUPT;
+    }
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -218700,6 +231288,7 @@ static int fts5VocabFilterMethod(
     }
     if( pLe ){
       const char *zCopy = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(pLe);
+      if( zCopy==0 ) zCopy = "";
       pCsr->nLeTerm = sqlite3_value_bytes(pLe);
       pCsr->zLeTerm = sqlite3_malloc(pCsr->nLeTerm+1);
       if( pCsr->zLeTerm==0 ){
@@ -218711,14 +231300,15 @@ static int fts5VocabFilterMethod(
   }
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(pCsr->pIndex, zTerm, nTerm, f, 0, &pCsr->pIter);
+    Fts5Index *pIndex = pCsr->pFts5->pIndex;
+    rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(pIndex, zTerm, nTerm, f, 0, &pCsr->pIter);
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && eType==FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE ){
     rc = fts5VocabInstanceNewTerm(pCsr);
   }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK 
-   && !pCsr->bEof 
-   && (eType!=FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE || pCsr->pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_NONE)
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !pCsr->bEof
+   && (eType!=FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE
+    || pCsr->pFts5->pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_NONE)
   ){
     rc = fts5VocabNextMethod(pCursor);
   }
@@ -218726,8 +231316,8 @@ static int fts5VocabFilterMethod(
   return rc;
 }
 
-/* 
-** This is the xEof method of the virtual table. SQLite calls this 
+/*
+** This is the xEof method of the virtual table. SQLite calls this
 ** routine to find out if it has reached the end of a result set.
 */
 static int fts5VocabEofMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
@@ -218741,7 +231331,7 @@ static int fts5VocabColumnMethod(
   int iCol                        /* Index of column to read value from */
 ){
   Fts5VocabCursor *pCsr = (Fts5VocabCursor*)pCursor;
-  int eDetail = pCsr->pConfig->eDetail;
+  int eDetail = pCsr->pFts5->pConfig->eDetail;
   int eType = ((Fts5VocabTable*)(pCursor->pVtab))->eType;
   i64 iVal = 0;
 
@@ -218753,7 +231343,7 @@ static int fts5VocabColumnMethod(
     assert( iCol==1 || iCol==2 || iCol==3 );
     if( iCol==1 ){
       if( eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ){
-        const char *z = pCsr->pConfig->azCol[pCsr->iCol];
+        const char *z = pCsr->pFts5->pConfig->azCol[pCsr->iCol];
         sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, z, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
       }
     }else if( iCol==2 ){
@@ -218781,8 +231371,8 @@ static int fts5VocabColumnMethod(
         }else if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_COLUMNS ){
           ii = (int)pCsr->iInstPos;
         }
-        if( ii>=0 && ii<pCsr->pConfig->nCol ){
-          const char *z = pCsr->pConfig->azCol[ii];
+        if( ii>=0 && ii<pCsr->pFts5->pConfig->nCol ){
+          const char *z = pCsr->pFts5->pConfig->azCol[ii];
           sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, z, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
         }
         break;
@@ -218802,13 +231392,13 @@ static int fts5VocabColumnMethod(
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** This is the xRowid method. The SQLite core calls this routine to
 ** retrieve the rowid for the current row of the result set. The
 ** rowid should be written to *pRowid.
 */
 static int fts5VocabRowidMethod(
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor, 
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor,
   sqlite_int64 *pRowid
 ){
   Fts5VocabCursor *pCsr = (Fts5VocabCursor*)pCursor;
@@ -218841,6 +231431,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5VocabInit(Fts5Global *pGlobal, sqlite3 *db){
     /* xSavepoint    */ 0,
     /* xRelease      */ 0,
     /* xRollbackTo   */ 0,
+    /* xShadowName   */ 0
   };
   void *p = (void*)pGlobal;
 
@@ -218849,8 +231440,6 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5VocabInit(Fts5Global *pGlobal, sqlite3 *db){
 
 
 
-
-    
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5) */
 
 /************** End of fts5.c ************************************************/
@@ -219025,8 +231614,9 @@ static int stmtColumn(
       sqlite3_result_int(ctx, sqlite3_stmt_busy(pCur->pStmt));
       break;
     }
-    case STMT_COLUMN_MEM: {
-      i = SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED + 
+    default: {
+      assert( i==STMT_COLUMN_MEM );
+      i = SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED +
             STMT_COLUMN_NSCAN - SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP;
       /* Fall thru */
     }
@@ -219066,11 +231656,11 @@ static int stmtEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
 /*
 ** This method is called to "rewind" the stmt_cursor object back
 ** to the first row of output.  This method is always called at least
-** once prior to any call to stmtColumn() or stmtRowid() or 
+** once prior to any call to stmtColumn() or stmtRowid() or
 ** stmtEof().
 */
 static int stmtFilter(
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, 
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor,
   int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
   int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
@@ -219096,7 +231686,7 @@ static int stmtBestIndex(
 }
 
 /*
-** This following structure defines all the methods for the 
+** This following structure defines all the methods for the
 ** stmt virtual table.
 */
 static sqlite3_module stmtModule = {
@@ -219123,6 +231713,7 @@ static sqlite3_module stmtModule = {
   0,                         /* xSavepoint */
   0,                         /* xRelease */
   0,                         /* xRollbackTo */
+  0,                         /* xShadowName */
 };
 
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
@@ -219140,8 +231731,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StmtVtabInit(sqlite3 *db){
 __declspec(dllexport)
 #endif
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_init(
-  sqlite3 *db, 
-  char **pzErrMsg, 
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  char **pzErrMsg,
   const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -219155,9 +231746,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_init(
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB) */
 
 /************** End of stmt.c ************************************************/
-#if __LINE__!=219157
+#if __LINE__!=231748
 #undef SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2018-09-25 19:08:10 fb90e7189ae6d62e77ba3a308ca5d683f90bbe633cf681865365b8e92792alt2"
+#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2020-12-01 16:14:00 a26b6597e3ae272231b96f9982c3bcc17ddec2f2b6eb4df06a224b91089falt2"
 #endif
 /* Return the source-id for this library */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void){ return SQLITE_SOURCE_ID; }
@@ -219208,7 +231799,7 @@ static sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3UserAuthPrepare(
   char *zSql;
   int rc;
   va_list ap;
-  int savedFlags = db->flags;
+  u64 savedFlags = db->flags;
 
   va_start(ap, zFormat);
   zSql = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFormat, ap);
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3-binding.h b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3-binding.h
index 05d11a8a6fa562d7f6ddaf7eea8e3cd7ac67a62a..cc3b023bfa9a4464b30c6d0d81ed25d210ac8d89 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3-binding.h
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3-binding.h
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ extern "C" {
 ** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
 ** and Z will be reset to zero.
 **
-** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]), 
+** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
 ** SQLite source code has been stored in the
 ** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
 ** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
@@ -124,9 +124,9 @@ extern "C" {
 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
 */
-#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.25.2"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3025002
-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2018-09-25 19:08:10 fb90e7189ae6d62e77ba3a308ca5d683f90bbe633cf681865365b8e92792d1c7"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.34.0"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3034000
+#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2020-12-01 16:14:00 a26b6597e3ae272231b96f9982c3bcc17ddec2f2b6eb4df06a224b91089fed5b"
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ extern "C" {
 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
-** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the 
+** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
+** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
 ** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
 ** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
 ** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
@@ -168,20 +168,20 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
 **
-** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1 
-** indicating whether the specified option was defined at 
-** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the 
-** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().  
+** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
+** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
+** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
+** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
-** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_ 
-** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by 
+** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
+** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
 **
 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
-** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the 
+** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
 **
 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
@@ -190,6 +190,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
+#else
+# define sqlite3_compileoption_used(X) 0
+# define sqlite3_compileoption_get(X)  ((void*)0)
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -202,7 +205,7 @@ SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
-** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0, 
+** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
 ** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
 **
@@ -259,14 +262,14 @@ typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
 ** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
-** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values 
+** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
 ** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
 # ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
     typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
-# else  
+# else
     typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
 # endif
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
@@ -297,26 +300,22 @@ typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
 ** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
 ** resources are deallocated.
 **
-** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
-** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
-** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
-** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
-** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
-** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
-** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
-** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
-** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
-** destructors are called is arbitrary.
-**
-** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
-** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and 
+** Ideally, applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all
+** [prepared statements], [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
-** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
-** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
-** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
-** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
-** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
-** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
+** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.
+** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
+** statements, BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then
+** sqlite3_close() will leave the database connection open and return
+** [SQLITE_BUSY]. ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared
+** statements, unclosed BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups,
+** it returns [SQLITE_OK] regardless, but instead of deallocating the database
+** connection immediately, it marks the database connection as an unusable
+** "zombie" and makes arrangements to automatically deallocate the database
+** connection after all prepared statements are finalized, all BLOB handles
+** are closed, and all backups have finished. The sqlite3_close_v2() interface
+** is intended for use with host languages that are garbage collected, and
+** where the order in which destructors are called is arbitrary.
 **
 ** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
 ** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
@@ -346,7 +345,7 @@ typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
 ** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
-** without having to use a lot of C code. 
+** without having to use a lot of C code.
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
 ** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
@@ -386,7 +385,7 @@ typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
 ** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
 **
 ** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
-** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or 
+** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
 ** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
 ** is not changed.
 **
@@ -505,17 +504,22 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_DATA              (SQLITE_IOERR | (32<<8))
+#define SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS         (SQLITE_IOERR | (33<<8))
 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
+#define SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT            (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (3<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
+#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK        (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (6<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX           (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (3<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
@@ -533,11 +537,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
+#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(11<<8))
 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8))
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
@@ -560,14 +566,18 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
-#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL    0x00004000  /* VFS only */
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
 #define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW         0x01000000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
 
 /* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
+/* Legacy compatibility: */
+#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
+
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
@@ -664,7 +674,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
 **
-** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the 
+** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
 ** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
 ** implementations will
 ** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
@@ -686,7 +696,7 @@ struct sqlite3_file {
 ** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
 ** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
 **
-** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element 
+** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
 ** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
 ** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
 ** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
@@ -824,10 +834,19 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
 ** file run faster.
 **
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] opcode is used by in-memory VFS that
+** implements [sqlite3_deserialize()] to set an upper bound on the size
+** of the in-memory database.  The argument is a pointer to a [sqlite3_int64].
+** If the integer pointed to is negative, then it is filled in with the
+** current limit.  Otherwise the limit is set to the larger of the value
+** of the integer pointed to and the current database size.  The integer
+** pointed to is set to the new limit.
+**
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
 ** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
-** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should 
+** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
 ** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
 ** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
 ** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
@@ -850,24 +869,24 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
 ** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
-** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked 
-** because the user has configured SQLite with 
-** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place 
+** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
+** because the user has configured SQLite with
+** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
 ** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
 ** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
 ** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
-** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that 
-** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications 
-** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may 
-** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.  
+** string containing the transactions super-journal file name. VFSes that
+** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
+** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
+** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
 ** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
 ** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
 ** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
-** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the 
-** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.  
+** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
+** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
@@ -915,13 +934,13 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
 ** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
-** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current 
+** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
 ** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
 ** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
-** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from 
+** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
 ** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
 ** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
@@ -940,7 +959,7 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** upper-most shim only.
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
-** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] 
+** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
 ** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
 ** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
 ** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
@@ -951,7 +970,7 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
 ** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
 ** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
-** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal 
+** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
 ** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
 ** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
 ** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
@@ -968,16 +987,16 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
 ** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
 ** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
-** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
+** to the connection's busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void**)
 ** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
-** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
+** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connection's
 ** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
 ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
 ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
 ** current operation.
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
-** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
+** ^Applications can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
 ** to have SQLite generate a
 ** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
 ** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
@@ -991,7 +1010,7 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
 ** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
 ** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
-** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit 
+** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
 ** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
 ** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
 **
@@ -1035,7 +1054,7 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
 ** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
-** this opcode.  
+** this opcode.
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
 ** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
@@ -1052,7 +1071,7 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
-** operations since the previous successful call to 
+** operations since the previous successful call to
 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
 ** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
 ** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
@@ -1064,7 +1083,7 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
-** operations since the previous successful call to 
+** operations since the previous successful call to
 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
 ** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
 ** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
@@ -1072,10 +1091,12 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
-** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode causes attempts to obtain
-** a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS to wait
-** for up to M milliseconds before failing, where M is the single 
-** unsigned integer parameter.
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode is used to configure a VFS
+** to block for up to M milliseconds before failing when attempting to
+** obtain a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS.
+** The parameter is a pointer to a 32-bit signed integer that contains
+** the value that M is to be set to. Before returning, the 32-bit signed
+** integer is overwritten with the previous value of M.
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
@@ -1090,12 +1111,23 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
 ** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
 ** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
-** [PRAGMA data_version] command provide a mechanism to detect changes to
+** [PRAGMA data_version] command provides a mechanism to detect changes to
 ** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
 ** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
 ** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
 ** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
 ** a particular attached database.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
+** in wal mode before the client starts to copy pages from the wal
+** file to the database file.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE]]
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
+** in wal mode after the client has finished copying pages from the wal
+** file to the database file, but before the *-shm file is updated to
+** record the fact that the pages have been checkpointed.
 ** </ul>
 */
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
@@ -1132,6 +1164,10 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
 
 /* deprecated names */
 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
@@ -1177,10 +1213,10 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
 ** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
 ** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
 ** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
-** Note that the structure
-** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transition from
+** Note that due to an oversight, the structure
+** of the sqlite3_vfs object changed in the transition from
 ** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
-** and yet the iVersion field was not modified.
+** and yet the iVersion field was not increased.
 **
 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
@@ -1215,14 +1251,14 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
 ** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
 ** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
-** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the 
+** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
 ** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
 ** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
 **
 ** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]. 
+** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
 ** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
 **
@@ -1236,7 +1272,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
-** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
+** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL]
 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
 ** </ul>)^
 **
@@ -1264,14 +1300,14 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
 ** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
-** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the 
+** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
 ** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
 ** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
-** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened 
+** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
 ** for exclusive access.
 **
 ** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
-** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
+** to hold the [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
 ** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
 ** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
@@ -1284,8 +1320,14 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
 ** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
 ** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
 ** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
-** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
-** directory.
+** to test whether a file is at least readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ
+** flag is never actually used and is not implemented in the built-in
+** VFSes of SQLite.  The file is named by the second argument and can be a
+** directory. The xAccess method returns [SQLITE_OK] on success or some
+** non-zero error code if there is an I/O error or if the name of
+** the file given in the second argument is illegal.  If SQLITE_OK
+** is returned, then non-zero or zero is written into *pResOut to indicate
+** whether or not the file is accessible.
 **
 ** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
 ** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
@@ -1305,16 +1347,16 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
 ** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
 ** a floating point value.
 ** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
-** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in 
-** a 24-hour day).  
+** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
+** a 24-hour day).
 ** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
-** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or 
+** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
 ** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
 ** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
 **
 ** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
 ** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
-** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding 
+** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
 ** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
 ** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
 ** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
@@ -1361,7 +1403,7 @@ struct sqlite3_vfs {
   /*
   ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
   ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
-  ** value will increment whenever this happens. 
+  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
   */
 };
 
@@ -1405,7 +1447,7 @@ struct sqlite3_vfs {
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
-** was given on the corresponding lock.  
+** was given on the corresponding lock.
 **
 ** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
 ** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
@@ -1550,7 +1592,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
 ** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
 **
 ** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
-** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code 
+** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
 ** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
 ** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
 **
@@ -1568,7 +1610,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
 ** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
 ** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
 ** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].  
+** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
 ** By creating an instance of this object
 ** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
 ** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
@@ -1598,17 +1640,17 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
 ** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
 ** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
 ** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
-** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0, 
+** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
 ** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
 **
 ** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
-** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
+** it might allocate any required mutexes or initialize internal data
 ** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
 ** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
 ** xInit and xShutdown.
 **
-** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
+** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN] mutex when it invokes
 ** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
@@ -1656,7 +1698,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
 ** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
-** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return 
+** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
 ** configuration option.</dd>
 **
@@ -1691,7 +1733,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
-** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is 
+** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
 ** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
 ** The argument specifies
 ** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
@@ -1724,6 +1766,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
 ** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
 **   <ul>
+**   <li> [sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64()]
 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
 **   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
@@ -1741,8 +1784,8 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
 ** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
-** cache implementation.  
-** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
+** cache implementation.
+** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-defined page
 ** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
 ** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
@@ -1769,7 +1812,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** additional cache line. </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
-** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer 
+** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
 ** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
@@ -1824,7 +1867,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
-** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is 
+** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
 ** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
 ** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
 ** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
@@ -1838,7 +1881,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
 ** global [error log].
 ** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
-** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*), 
+** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
 ** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
 ** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
 ** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
@@ -1947,7 +1990,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
-** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.  
+** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
 ** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
 ** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
 ** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
@@ -1969,10 +2012,21 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
 ** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
 ** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
-** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a 
+** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
 ** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
 ** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE
+** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE option accepts a single parameter
+** [sqlite3_int64] parameter which is the default maximum size for an in-memory
+** database created using [sqlite3_deserialize()].  This default maximum
+** size can be adjusted up or down for individual databases using the
+** [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] [sqlite3_file_control|file-control].  If this
+** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
+** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
+** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
 ** </dl>
 */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
@@ -1986,7 +2040,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
-/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */ 
+/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
@@ -2003,6 +2057,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
@@ -2018,8 +2073,9 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** is invoked.
 **
 ** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]]
 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the 
+** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
 ** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
 ** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
 ** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
@@ -2037,9 +2093,10 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** when the "current value" returned by
 ** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
 ** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
-** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns 
+** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
 **
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
 ** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
@@ -2050,6 +2107,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
 ** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
 **
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER]]
 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
 ** There should be two additional arguments.
@@ -2060,9 +2118,21 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
 ** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
 **
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</dt>
+** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE VIEW | views].
+** There should be two additional arguments.
+** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable views,
+** positive to enable views or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
+** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
+** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether views are disabled or enabled
+** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
+** which case the view setting is not reported back. </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER]]
 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
-** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
-** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
+** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the
+** [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
 ** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
 ** There should be two additional arguments.
 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
@@ -2073,6 +2143,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
 ** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
 **
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION]]
 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
 ** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
@@ -2090,7 +2161,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
 ** </dd>
 **
-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
 ** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
 ** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
 ** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
@@ -2099,10 +2170,11 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** until after the database connection closes.
 ** </dd>
 **
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE]]
 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
-** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a 
-** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no 
-** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint 
+** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
+** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
+** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
 ** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
 ** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
 ** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
@@ -2112,7 +2184,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
 ** </dd>
 **
-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
 ** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
 ** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
@@ -2121,26 +2193,26 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
 ** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
 ** was used during testing in the lab.
-** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable 
+** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
 ** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
 ** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
 ** following this call.
 ** </dd>
 **
-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
-** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not 
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
+** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
 ** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
 ** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
 ** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
 ** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
 ** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
-** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written 
-** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if 
-** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.  
+** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
+** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
+** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
 ** </dd>
 **
-** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
 ** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
 ** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
 ** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
@@ -2151,7 +2223,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 **      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
 **      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
 **      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
-**      the reset.  
+**      the reset.
 ** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
 ** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
 ** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
@@ -2159,6 +2231,100 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
 ** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
 ** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
+** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
+** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
+** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
+** features include but are not limited to the following:
+** <ul>
+** <li> The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
+** <li> The [PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF] statement.
+** <li> Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
+** <li> Direct writes to [shadow tables].
+** </ul>
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA option activates or deactivates the
+** "writable_schema" flag. This has the same effect and is logically equivalent
+** to setting [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] or [PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF].
+** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
+** the writable_schema, positive to enable writable_schema, or negative to
+** leave the setting unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an
+** integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the writable_schema
+** is enabled or disabled following this call.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE option activates or deactivates
+** the legacy behavior of the [ALTER TABLE RENAME] command such it
+** behaves as it did prior to [version 3.24.0] (2018-06-04).  See the
+** "Compatibility Notice" on the [ALTER TABLE RENAME documentation] for
+** additional information. This feature can also be turned on and off
+** using the [PRAGMA legacy_alter_table] statement.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</td>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML option activates or deactivates
+** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DML statements
+** only, that is DELETE, INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE statements. The
+** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
+** compile-time option.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</td>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS option activates or deactivates
+** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DDL statements,
+** such as CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX. The
+** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
+** compile-time option.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA</td>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option tells SQLite to
+** assume that database schemas are untainted by malicious content.
+** When the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option is disabled, SQLite
+** takes additional defensive steps to protect the application from harm
+** including:
+** <ul>
+** <li> Prohibit the use of SQL functions inside triggers, views,
+** CHECK constraints, DEFAULT clauses, expression indexes,
+** partial indexes, or generated columns
+** unless those functions are tagged with [SQLITE_INNOCUOUS].
+** <li> Prohibit the use of virtual tables inside of triggers or views
+** unless those virtual tables are tagged with [SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS].
+** </ul>
+** This setting defaults to "on" for legacy compatibility, however
+** all applications are advised to turn it off if possible. This setting
+** can also be controlled using the [PRAGMA trusted_schema] statement.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</td>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT option activates or deactivates
+** the legacy file format flag.  When activated, this flag causes all newly
+** created database file to have a schema format version number (the 4-byte
+** integer found at offset 44 into the database header) of 1.  This in turn
+** means that the resulting database file will be readable and writable by
+** any SQLite version back to 3.0.0 ([dateof:3.0.0]).  Without this setting,
+** newly created databases are generally not understandable by SQLite versions
+** prior to 3.3.0 ([dateof:3.3.0]).  As these words are written, there
+** is now scarcely any need to generated database files that are compatible
+** all the way back to version 3.0.0, and so this setting is of little
+** practical use, but is provided so that SQLite can continue to claim the
+** ability to generate new database files that are compatible with  version
+** 3.0.0.
+** <p>Note that when the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT setting is on,
+** the [VACUUM] command will fail with an obscure error when attempting to
+** process a table with generated columns and a descending index.  This is
+** not considered a bug since SQLite versions 3.3.0 and earlier do not support
+** either generated columns or decending indexes.
 ** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
@@ -2172,7 +2338,15 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
-#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1009 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA       1011 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE    1012 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML               1013 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL               1014 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW           1015 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT    1016 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA        1017 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1017 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
@@ -2199,8 +2373,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
 ** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
 ** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
 ** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
-** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred 
-** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns 
+** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
+** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
 ** zero.
 **
 ** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
@@ -2210,15 +2384,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
 ** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
 ** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
 ** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
-** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to 
+** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
 ** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
-** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original 
-** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning 
+** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
+** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
 ** control to the user.
 **
-** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will 
-** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is 
-** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned 
+** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
+** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
+** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
 ** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
 **
 ** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
@@ -2251,7 +2425,7 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
 ** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
-** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R 
+** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
 ** without inserting a row into the database.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
@@ -2267,37 +2441,37 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
 ** returned by this function.
 **
 ** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
-** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers], 
+** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
 ** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
-** 
-** Changes to a view that are intercepted by 
-** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value 
-** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or 
-** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real 
+**
+** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
+** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
+** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
+** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
 ** tables are counted.
 **
 ** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
 ** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
 ** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
 ** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
-** 
+**
 ** <ul>
 **   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
-**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program 
+**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
 **        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
-** 
-**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE 
-**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes() 
-**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include 
-**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes() 
+**
+**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
+**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
+**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
+**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
 **        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
 ** </ul>
-** 
+**
 ** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
-** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it 
+** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
 ** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
-** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger 
-** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the 
+** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
+** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
 ** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
 **
 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
@@ -2323,19 +2497,19 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
 ** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
 ** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
 ** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
-** 
+**
 ** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
 ** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
-** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers 
+** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
 ** are not counted.
 **
-** This the [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
+** The [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
 ** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
 ** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
 ** To detect changes against a database file from other database
 ** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
-** 
+**
 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
 ** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
 ** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
@@ -2377,8 +2551,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
 ** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
-** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the 
-** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
+** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
+** running statement count reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
 ** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
 ** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
 ** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
@@ -2409,7 +2583,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
 ** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
 ** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
 **
-** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior 
+** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
 ** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
 ** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
 ** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
@@ -2454,7 +2628,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
 ** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
 ** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
 ** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
-** to the application instead of invoking the 
+** to the application instead of invoking the
 ** busy handler.
 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
@@ -2479,7 +2653,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
 ** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
 ** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
 ** result in undefined behavior.
-** 
+**
 ** A busy handler must not close the database connection
 ** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
 */
@@ -2546,9 +2720,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
 **        Cindy       | 21
 ** </pre></blockquote>
 **
-** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
+** There are two columns (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
 ** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
-** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
+** in an array named azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
 **
 ** <blockquote><pre>
 **        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
@@ -2597,7 +2771,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
 ** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
 ** from the standard C library.
 ** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
-** the standard library printf() 
+** the standard library printf()
 ** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
 ** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
 **
@@ -2641,7 +2815,7 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
 **
 ** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
-** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
+** does not include operating-system specific [VFS] implementation.  The
 ** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
@@ -2702,19 +2876,6 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
 ** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
 ** option is used.
 **
-** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
-** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
-** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
-** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
-**
-** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
-** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
-** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
-** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
-** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
-** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
-** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
-**
 ** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
 ** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
 ** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
@@ -2763,7 +2924,7 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
 ** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
 ** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
-** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
+** the built-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
 ** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
 **
 ** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
@@ -2806,7 +2967,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
 ** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
 ** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
-** access is denied. 
+** access is denied.
 **
 ** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
 ** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
@@ -2859,7 +3020,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
 **
 ** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
-** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a 
+** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
 ** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
 ** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
 **
@@ -2973,9 +3134,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
 ** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
 ** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
 ** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
-** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
-** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
-** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
+** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  Invoking
+** either [sqlite3_trace()] or [sqlite3_trace_v2()] will cancel the
+** profile callback.
 */
 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
    void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
@@ -3007,7 +3168,7 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
 ** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
 ** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
 ** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
-** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment 
+** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
 ** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
 ** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
 ** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
@@ -3023,7 +3184,7 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
-** statement generates a single row of result.  
+** statement generates a single row of result.
 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
 ** X argument is unused.
 **
@@ -3050,10 +3211,10 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
 ** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
 ** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
 **
-** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides 
+** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
 ** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
 **
-** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by 
+** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
 ** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
 ** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
 ** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
@@ -3085,8 +3246,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_trace_v2(
 ** database connection D.  An example use for this
 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
 **
-** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the 
-** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of 
+** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
+** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
 ** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
 ** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
 ** handler is disabled.
@@ -3113,7 +3274,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
 **
-** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the 
+** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
 ** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
 ** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
@@ -3137,10 +3298,8 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 ** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
 ** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
 ** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
-** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
-** the following three values, optionally combined with the 
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
+** sqlite3_open_v2() must include, at a minimum, one of the following
+** three flag combinations:)^
 **
 ** <dl>
 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
@@ -3158,23 +3317,51 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
 ** </dl>
 **
+** In addition to the required flags, the following optional flags are
+** also supported:
+**
+** <dl>
+** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_URI]</dt>
+** <dd>The filename can be interpreted as a URI if this flag is set.</dd>)^
+**
+** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY]</dt>
+** <dd>The database will be opened as an in-memory database.  The database
+** is named by the "filename" argument for the purposes of cache-sharing,
+** if shared cache mode is enabled, but the "filename" is otherwise ignored.
+** </dd>)^
+**
+** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX]</dt>
+** <dd>The new database connection will use the "multi-thread"
+** [threading mode].)^  This means that separate threads are allowed
+** to use SQLite at the same time, as long as each thread is using
+** a different [database connection].
+**
+** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX]</dt>
+** <dd>The new database connection will use the "serialized"
+** [threading mode].)^  This means the multiple threads can safely
+** attempt to use the same database connection at the same time.
+** (Mutexes will block any actual concurrency, but in this mode
+** there is no harm in trying.)
+**
+** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE]</dt>
+** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] enabled, overriding
+** the default shared cache setting provided by
+** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
+**
+** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE]</dt>
+** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] disabled, overriding
+** the default shared cache setting provided by
+** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
+**
+** [[OPEN_NOFOLLOW]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW]</dt>
+** <dd>The database filename is not allowed to be a symbolic link</dd>
+** </dl>)^
+**
 ** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
-** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
+** required combinations shown above optionally combined with other
 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
 ** then the behavior is undefined.
 **
-** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
-** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
-** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
-** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
-** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
-** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
-** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
-** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
-** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
-** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
-**
 ** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
 ** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
 ** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
@@ -3206,17 +3393,17 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 ** information.
 **
 ** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
-** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string 
-** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an 
-** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if 
+** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
+** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
+** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
 ** present, is ignored.
 **
 ** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
-** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character, 
-** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin 
+** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
+** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
 ** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
-** then the path is interpreted as a relative path. 
-** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path 
+** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
+** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
 ** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
 **
 ** [[core URI query parameters]]
@@ -3236,13 +3423,13 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 **
 **   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
 **     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
-**     an error)^. 
-**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only 
-**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the 
-**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to 
-**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create) 
-**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had 
-**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both 
+**     an error)^.
+**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
+**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
+**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
+**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
+**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
+**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
 **     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
 **     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
 **     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
@@ -3252,7 +3439,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 **   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
 **     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
 **     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
-**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is 
+**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
 **     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
 **     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
 **     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
@@ -3278,7 +3465,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 **     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
 **     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
 **     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
-**       
+**
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
@@ -3290,36 +3477,36 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 **
 ** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
 ** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
-** <tr><td> file:data.db <td> 
+** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
 **          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
-**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br> 
-**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td> 
+**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
+**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
 **          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
-** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td> 
+** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
 **          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
-** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap"> 
+** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
 **          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
 **     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
-**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly 
+**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
 **          necessary - space characters can be used literally
 **          in URI filenames.
-** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td> 
+** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
 **          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
 **          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
 **          default, use a private cache.
 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
 **          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
 **          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
-** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td> 
+** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
 **          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
 ** </table>
 **
 ** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
 ** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
-** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits 
+** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
 ** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
-** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all 
+** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
 ** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
 ** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
 ** the results are undefined.
@@ -3354,17 +3541,27 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
 **
-** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
-** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query 
+** These are utility routines, useful to [VFS|custom VFS implementations],
+** that check if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
 ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
 **
-** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of 
-** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or 
-** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
-** P is the name of the query parameter, then
+** The first parameter to these interfaces (hereafter referred to
+** as F) must be one of:
+** <ul>
+** <li> A database filename pointer created by the SQLite core and
+** passed into the xOpen() method of a VFS implemention, or
+** <li> A filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], or
+** <li> A new filename constructed using [sqlite3_create_filename()].
+** </ul>
+** If the F parameter is not one of the above, then the behavior is
+** undefined and probably undesirable.  Older versions of SQLite were
+** more tolerant of invalid F parameters than newer versions.
+**
+** If F is a suitable filename (as described in the previous paragraph)
+** and if P is the name of the query parameter, then
 ** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
-** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a 
-** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
+** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
+** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F and it
 ** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
 ** a pointer to an empty string.
 **
@@ -3372,39 +3569,160 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
 ** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
 ** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
 ** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
-** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The 
+** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
 ** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
 ** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
-** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
+** parameter on F or if the value of P does not match any of the
 ** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
 **
 ** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
 ** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
 ** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
 ** zero is returned.
-** 
+**
+** The sqlite3_uri_key(F,N) returns a pointer to the name (not
+** the value) of the N-th query parameter for filename F, or a NULL
+** pointer if N is less than zero or greater than the number of query
+** parameters minus 1.  The N value is zero-based so N should be 0 to obtain
+** the name of the first query parameter, 1 for the second parameter, and
+** so forth.
+**
 ** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
-** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
-** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
-** undesirable.
+** is not a database file pathname pointer that the SQLite core passed
+** into the xOpen VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined
+** and probably undesirable.
+**
+** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.31.0] ([dateof:3.31.0]) the input F
+** parameter can also be the name of a rollback journal file or WAL file
+** in addition to the main database file.  Prior to version 3.31.0, these
+** routines would only work if F was the name of the main database file.
+** When the F parameter is the name of the rollback journal or WAL file,
+** it has access to all the same query parameters as were found on the
+** main database file.
+**
+** See the [URI filename] documentation for additional information.
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_key(const char *zFilename, int N);
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF:  Translate filenames
+**
+** These routines are available to [VFS|custom VFS implementations] for
+** translating filenames between the main database file, the journal file,
+** and the WAL file.
+**
+** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
+** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, then sqlite3_filename_database(F)
+** returns the name of the corresponding database file.
+**
+** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
+** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database filename
+** obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then sqlite3_filename_journal(F)
+** returns the name of the corresponding rollback journal file.
+**
+** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
+** that was passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database
+** filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then
+** sqlite3_filename_wal(F) returns the name of the corresponding
+** WAL file.
+**
+** In all of the above, if F is not the name of a database, journal or WAL
+** filename passed into the VFS from the SQLite core and F is not the
+** return value from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then the result is
+** undefined and is likely a memory access violation.
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_database(const char*);
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_journal(const char*);
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_wal(const char*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF:  Database File Corresponding To A Journal
+**
+** ^If X is the name of a rollback or WAL-mode journal file that is
+** passed into the xOpen method of [sqlite3_vfs], then
+** sqlite3_database_file_object(X) returns a pointer to the [sqlite3_file]
+** object that represents the main database file.
+**
+** This routine is intended for use in custom [VFS] implementations
+** only.  It is not a general-purpose interface.
+** The argument sqlite3_file_object(X) must be a filename pointer that
+** has been passed into [sqlite3_vfs].xOpen method where the
+** flags parameter to xOpen contains one of the bits
+** [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL] or [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL].  Any other use
+** of this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable
+** behavior.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_file *sqlite3_database_file_object(const char*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Create and Destroy VFS Filenames
+**
+** These interfces are provided for use by [VFS shim] implementations and
+** are not useful outside of that context.
+**
+** The sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) allocates memory to hold a version of
+** database filename D with corresponding journal file J and WAL file W and
+** with N URI parameters key/values pairs in the array P.  The result from
+** sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) is a pointer to a database filename that
+** is safe to pass to routines like:
+** <ul>
+** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()],
+** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()],
+** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()],
+** <li> [sqlite3_uri_key()],
+** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()],
+** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()], or
+** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()].
+** </ul>
+** If a memory allocation error occurs, sqlite3_create_filename() might
+** return a NULL pointer.  The memory obtained from sqlite3_create_filename(X)
+** must be released by a corresponding call to sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
+**
+** The P parameter in sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) should be an array
+** of 2*N pointers to strings.  Each pair of pointers in this array corresponds
+** to a key and value for a query parameter.  The P parameter may be a NULL
+** pointer if N is zero.  None of the 2*N pointers in the P array may be
+** NULL pointers and key pointers should not be empty strings.
+** None of the D, J, or W parameters to sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) may
+** be NULL pointers, though they can be empty strings.
+**
+** The sqlite3_free_filename(Y) routine releases a memory allocation
+** previously obtained from sqlite3_create_filename().  Invoking
+** sqlite3_free_filename(Y) where Y is a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
+**
+** If the Y parameter to sqlite3_free_filename(Y) is anything other
+** than a NULL pointer or a pointer previously acquired from
+** sqlite3_create_filename(), then bad things such as heap
+** corruption or segfaults may occur. The value Y should be
+** used again after sqlite3_free_filename(Y) has been called.  This means
+** that if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen()] method of a VFS has been called using Y,
+** then the corresponding [sqlite3_module.xClose() method should also be
+** invoked prior to calling sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
+*/
+SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_create_filename(
+  const char *zDatabase,
+  const char *zJournal,
+  const char *zWal,
+  int nParam,
+  const char **azParam
+);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_filename(char*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
-** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with 
+** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
 ** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
 ** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
 ** API call.
 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
-** interface is the same except that it always returns the 
+** interface is the same except that it always returns the
 ** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
 ** disabled.
 **
@@ -3461,7 +3779,7 @@ SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
 ** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
 **
 ** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
-** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object 
+** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
 ** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
 ** prepared statement before it can be run.
 **
@@ -3491,7 +3809,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
 ** new limit for that construct.)^
 **
 ** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
-** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a 
+** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
 ** [limits | hard upper bound]
 ** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
 ** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
@@ -3499,7 +3817,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
 ** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
 ** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
 **
-** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the 
+** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
 ** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
 ** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
 ** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
@@ -3604,15 +3922,30 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
 ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
 ** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
 ** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
-** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will 
+** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
 ** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
 ** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
 ** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
 ** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag is a no-op. This flag used
+** to be required for any prepared statement that wanted to use the
+** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  However, the
+** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface is now available to all
+** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
+** flag.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
+** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
+** any virtual tables.
 ** </dl>
 */
 #define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
+#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
+#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
@@ -3696,15 +4029,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
 ** </li>
 **
 ** <li>
-** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the 
+** ^If the specific value bound to a [parameter | host parameter] in the
 ** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
-** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been 
-** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
-** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter]. 
-** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the 
+** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
+** a schema change, on the first [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
+** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
+** ^The specific value of a WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
 ** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
-** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
+** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time option is enabled.
 ** </li>
 ** </ol>
 **
@@ -3770,6 +4103,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
 ** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
 ** [bound parameters] expanded.
+** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
+** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
+** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
+** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
+** placeholders.
 **
 ** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
 ** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
@@ -3785,14 +4123,16 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
 ** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
 ** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
 **
-** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is
-** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.
+** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
+** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
+** statement is finalized.
 ** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
 ** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
 ** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
@@ -3803,8 +4143,8 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** the content of the database file.
 **
 ** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
-** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.  
-** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that 
+** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
+** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
 ** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
 ** change the database file through side-effects:
 **
@@ -3818,10 +4158,10 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
 ** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
 ** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
-** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the 
+** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
 ** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
-** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make 
+** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
 ** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
 ** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
@@ -3830,23 +4170,35 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
+** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 1 if the
+** prepared statement S is an EXPLAIN statement, or 2 if the
+** statement S is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
+** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 0 if S is
+** an ordinary statement or a NULL pointer.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
+
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
-** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using 
+** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
 ** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
 ** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
-** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a 
+** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
 ** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
 ** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
 **
 ** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
-** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database 
+** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
 ** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
-** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared 
+** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
 ** statements that are holding a transaction open.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
@@ -3865,7 +4217,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
 ** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
-** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new 
+** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
 ** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
 **
 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
@@ -3873,7 +4225,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
 ** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
-** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes 
+** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
 ** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
 ** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
@@ -3942,12 +4294,30 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
 ** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
-** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
+** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 32766).
 **
 ** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
 ** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
 ** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
+** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() is not NULL, then
+** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF8 text.
+** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text16() is not NULL, then
+** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF16 text.
+** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not NULL, then
+** it should be a pointer to a well-formed unicode string that is
+** either UTF8 if the sixth parameter is SQLITE_UTF8, or UTF16
+** otherwise.
+**
+** [[byte-order determination rules]] ^The byte-order of
+** UTF16 input text is determined by the byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF)
+** found in first character, which is removed, or in the absence of a BOM
+** the byte order is the native byte order of the host
+** machine for sqlite3_bind_text16() or the byte order specified in
+** the 6th parameter for sqlite3_bind_text64().)^
+** ^If UTF16 input text contains invalid unicode
+** characters, then SQLite might change those invalid characters
+** into the unicode replacement character: U+FFFD.
 **
 ** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
 ** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
@@ -3961,7 +4331,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
 ** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
 ** that parameter must be the byte offset
 ** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
-** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than 
+** terminated.  If any NUL characters occurs at byte offsets less than
 ** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
 ** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
 ** with embedded NULs is undefined.
@@ -3969,7 +4339,9 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
 ** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
 ** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
 ** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
-** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
+** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to the bind API fails,
+** except the destructor is not called if the third parameter is a NULL
+** pointer or the fourth parameter is negative.
 ** ^If the fifth argument is
 ** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
 ** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
@@ -4121,7 +4493,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 **
 ** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
-** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the 
+** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
 ** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
 ** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
 ** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
@@ -4189,7 +4561,7 @@ SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
 **
 ** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
 ** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
-** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
+** NULL.  ^These routines might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
 ** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
 ** or column that query result column was extracted from.
 **
@@ -4199,10 +4571,6 @@ SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
 ** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
 **
-** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
-** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
-** undefined.
-**
 ** If two or more threads call one or more
 ** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
 ** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
@@ -4307,7 +4675,7 @@ SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 ** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
 ** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
 ** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
-** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using 
+** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
 ** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
 ** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
 ** sqlite3_step() began
@@ -4339,7 +4707,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
 ** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
 ** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
-** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
+** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column()] family of
 ** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
@@ -4398,7 +4766,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
-** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an 
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
 ** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
 ** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
@@ -4446,7 +4814,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
 ** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
 ** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
-** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.  
+** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
 ** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
 ** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
@@ -4474,7 +4842,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** the number of bytes in that string.
 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
 **
-** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and 
+** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
 ** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
@@ -4493,7 +4861,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
 ** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
-** is normally only useful within the implementation of 
+** is normally only useful within the implementation of
 ** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
 ** top-level application code.
 **
@@ -4663,15 +5031,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
-** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
-** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
 ** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
 ** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
 ** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
-** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding 
-** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being 
+** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
+** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
 ** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
 ** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
 ** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
@@ -4685,7 +5051,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
 ** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
 ** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
-** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.  
+** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
 ** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
 ** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
 **
@@ -4700,7 +5066,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
 ** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
-** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes 
+** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
 ** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
 ** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
@@ -4718,6 +5084,23 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
 ** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
 **
+** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
+** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
+** within VIEWs, TRIGGERs, CHECK constraints, generated column expressions,
+** index expressions, or the WHERE clause of partial indexes.
+**
+** <span style="background-color:#ffff90;">
+** For best security, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY] flag is recommended for
+** all application-defined SQL functions that do not need to be
+** used inside of triggers, view, CHECK constraints, or other elements of
+** the database schema.  This flags is especially recommended for SQL
+** functions that have side effects or reveal internal application state.
+** Without this flag, an attacker might be able to modify the schema of
+** a database file to include invocations of the function with parameters
+** chosen by the attacker, which the application will then execute when
+** the database file is opened and read.
+** </span>
+**
 ** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
 ** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
 **
@@ -4731,21 +5114,21 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
 ** callbacks.
 **
-** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue 
+** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
 ** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
 ** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
 ** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
-** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be 
+** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
 ** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
 ** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
-** of aggregate window functions are 
+** of aggregate window functions are
 ** [user-defined window functions|available here].
 **
 ** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
 ** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is destructor for
-** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function 
-** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection 
-** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to 
+** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
+** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
+** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
 ** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
 ** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
 ** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
@@ -4758,7 +5141,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 ** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
 ** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
 ** matches the database encoding is a better
-** match than a function where the encoding is different.  
+** match than a function where the encoding is different.
 ** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
 ** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
 ** between UTF8 and UTF16.
@@ -4830,19 +5213,79 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_window_function(
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
 **
-** These constants may be ORed together with the 
+** These constants may be ORed together with the
 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
 ** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
+**
+** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]] <dt>SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC</dt><dd>
+** The SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag means that the new function always gives
+** the same output when the input parameters are the same.
+** The [abs|abs() function] is deterministic, for example, but
+** [randomblob|randomblob()] is not.  Functions must
+** be deterministic in order to be used in certain contexts such as
+** with the WHERE clause of [partial indexes] or in [generated columns].
+** SQLite might also optimize deterministic functions by factoring them
+** out of inner loops.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]] <dt>SQLITE_DIRECTONLY</dt><dd>
+** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag means that the function may only be invoked
+** from top-level SQL, and cannot be used in VIEWs or TRIGGERs nor in
+** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
+** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], or [generated columns].
+** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flags is a security feature which is recommended
+** for all [application-defined SQL functions], and especially for functions
+** that have side-effects or that could potentially leak sensitive
+** information.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_INNOCUOUS]] <dt>SQLITE_INNOCUOUS</dt><dd>
+** The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag means that the function is unlikely
+** to cause problems even if misused.  An innocuous function should have
+** no side effects and should not depend on any values other than its
+** input parameters. The [abs|abs() function] is an example of an
+** innocuous function.
+** The [load_extension() SQL function] is not innocuous because of its
+** side effects.
+** <p> SQLITE_INNOCUOUS is similar to SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC, but is not
+** exactly the same.  The [random|random() function] is an example of a
+** function that is innocuous but not deterministic.
+** <p>Some heightened security settings
+** ([SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA] and [PRAGMA trusted_schema=OFF])
+** disable the use of SQL functions inside views and triggers and in
+** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
+** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], and [generated columns] unless
+** the function is tagged with SQLITE_INNOCUOUS.  Most built-in functions
+** are innocuous.  Developers are advised to avoid using the
+** SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag for application-defined functions unless the
+** function has been carefully audited and found to be free of potentially
+** security-adverse side-effects and information-leaks.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
+** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function may call
+** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
+** Specifying this flag makes no difference for scalar or aggregate user
+** functions. However, if it is not specified for a user-defined window
+** function, then any sub-types belonging to arguments passed to the window
+** function may be discarded before the window function is called (i.e.
+** sqlite3_value_subtype() will always return 0).
+** </dd>
+** </dl>
 */
-#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
+#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x000000800
+#define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
+#define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
+#define SQLITE_INNOCUOUS        0x000200000
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
 ** DEPRECATED
 **
 ** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
-** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue 
+** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
 ** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
 ** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
 ** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
@@ -4886,14 +5329,16 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int6
 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
 ** against a virtual table.
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_frombind&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if value originated from a [bound parameter]
 ** </table></blockquote>
 **
 ** <b>Details:</b>
 **
 ** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
 ** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
-** are used to pass parameter information into implementation of
-** [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
+** are used to pass parameter information into the functions that
+** implement [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
 **
 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
@@ -4908,11 +5353,11 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int6
 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
 **
-** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized 
+** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
 ** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
 ** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
 ** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
-** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() 
+** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
 ** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
 **
 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
@@ -4947,6 +5392,11 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int6
 ** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
 ** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
 **
+** ^The sqlite3_value_frombind(X) interface returns non-zero if the
+** value X originated from one of the [sqlite3_bind_int|sqlite3_bind()]
+** interfaces.  ^If X comes from an SQL literal value, or a table column,
+** or an expression, then sqlite3_value_frombind(X) returns zero.
+**
 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
@@ -4992,6 +5442,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
@@ -5029,9 +5480,9 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
 ** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
 **
-** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called 
-** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
-** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
+** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
+** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite allocates
+** N bytes of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
 ** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
 ** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
@@ -5042,19 +5493,19 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
 ** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
 ** first time from within xFinal().)^
 **
-** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer 
+** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
 ** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
 ** allocate error occurs.
 **
 ** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
 ** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
-** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
+** value of N in any subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
 ** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
 ** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
-** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no 
+** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
 ** pointless memory allocations occur.
 **
-** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by 
+** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
 **
 ** The first parameter must be a copy of the
@@ -5104,7 +5555,7 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
 ** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
 ** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
 ** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
-** metadata associated with the pattern string.  
+** metadata associated with the pattern string.
 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
 ** invocations of the same function.
@@ -5130,10 +5581,10 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
 **      SQL statement)^, or
 ** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
 **       parameter)^, or
-** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory 
+** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
 **      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
 **
-** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in 
+** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
@@ -5205,8 +5656,9 @@ typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
 ** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
 ** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
-** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
-** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
+** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 using
+** the same [byte-order determination rules] as [sqlite3_bind_text16()].
+** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
@@ -5274,6 +5726,25 @@ typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
 **
+** ^For the sqlite3_result_text16(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
+** sqlite3_result_text16be() routines, and for sqlite3_result_text64()
+** when the encoding is not UTF8, if the input UTF16 begins with a
+** byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF) then the BOM is removed from the
+** string and the rest of the string is interpreted according to the
+** byte-order specified by the BOM.  ^The byte-order specified by
+** the BOM at the beginning of the text overrides the byte-order
+** specified by the interface procedure.  ^So, for example, if
+** sqlite3_result_text16le() is invoked with text that begins
+** with bytes 0xfe, 0xff (a big-endian byte-order mark) then the
+** first two bytes of input are skipped and the remaining input
+** is interpreted as UTF16BE text.
+**
+** ^For UTF16 input text to the sqlite3_result_text16(),
+** sqlite3_result_text16be(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
+** sqlite3_result_text64() routines, if the text contains invalid
+** UTF16 characters, the invalid characters might be converted
+** into the unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.
+**
 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
 ** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
@@ -5286,7 +5757,7 @@ typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
 ** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
-** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that 
+** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
 ** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
 ** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
 ** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
@@ -5328,8 +5799,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 **
 ** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
-** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with 
-** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits 
+** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
+** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
 ** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
 ** higher order bits are discarded.
 ** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
@@ -5359,7 +5830,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
 ** </ul>)^
 ** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
-** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
+** to the collating function callback, xCompare.
 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
 ** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
@@ -5368,18 +5839,19 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
 ** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
 ** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
 **
-** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
+** ^The fifth argument, xCompare, is a pointer to the collating function.
 ** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
 ** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
 ** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
-** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
+** ^If the xCompare argument is NULL then the collating function is
 ** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
 ** that collation is no longer usable.
 **
-** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg 
+** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
 ** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
-** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
-** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
+** by the eTextRep argument.  The two integer parameters to the collating
+** function callback are the length of the two strings, in bytes. The collating
+** function must return an integer that is negative, zero, or positive
 ** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
 ** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
 ** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
@@ -5396,7 +5868,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
 ** </ol>
 **
 ** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
-** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
+** collating function is registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
 ** is undefined.
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
@@ -5406,36 +5878,36 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
 ** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
 ** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
 **
-** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the 
+** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
-** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should 
+** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
 ** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
 ** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
-** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency 
-** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards 
+** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
+** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
 ** compatibility.
 **
 ** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int eTextRep, 
+  sqlite3*,
+  const char *zName,
+  int eTextRep,
   void *pArg,
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
 );
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  const char *zName, 
-  int eTextRep, 
+  sqlite3*,
+  const char *zName,
+  int eTextRep,
   void *pArg,
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
 );
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
-  sqlite3*, 
+  sqlite3*,
   const void *zName,
-  int eTextRep, 
+  int eTextRep,
   void *pArg,
   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
 );
@@ -5468,64 +5940,19 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
-  sqlite3*, 
-  void*, 
+  sqlite3*,
+  void*,
   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
 );
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
-  sqlite3*, 
+  sqlite3*,
   void*,
   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
 );
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-/*
-** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
-** called right after sqlite3_open().
-**
-** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
-** of SQLite.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
-);
-
-/*
-** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
-** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
-** database is decrypted.
-**
-** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
-** of SQLite.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
-);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
-  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
-  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
-  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
-);
-
-/*
-** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless 
-** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
-*/
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_see(
-  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
-);
-#endif
-
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
 /*
-** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless 
+** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
 ** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
@@ -5581,7 +6008,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
 ** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
 ** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
-** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from 
+** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
 ** using [sqlite3_free].
 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
@@ -5638,7 +6065,7 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
 ** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
 ** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
-** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from 
+** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
 ** using [sqlite3_free].
 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
@@ -5723,16 +6150,31 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
-** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
-** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
-** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
+** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the filename
+** associated with database N of connection D.
+** ^If there is no attached database N on the database
 ** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
-** a NULL pointer is returned.
+** this function will return either a NULL pointer or an empty string.
+**
+** ^The string value returned by this routine is owned and managed by
+** the database connection.  ^The value will be valid until the database N
+** is [DETACH]-ed or until the database connection closes.
 **
 ** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
 ** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
 ** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
 ** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
+**
+** If the filename pointer returned by this routine is not NULL, then it
+** can be used as the filename input parameter to these routines:
+** <ul>
+** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()]
+** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()]
+** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()]
+** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()]
+** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()]
+** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()]
+** </ul>
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
 
@@ -5746,6 +6188,57 @@ SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine the transaction state of a database
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) interface returns the current
+** [transaction state] of schema S in database connection D.  ^If S is NULL,
+** then the highest transaction state of any schema on database connection D
+** is returned.  Transaction states are (in order of lowest to highest):
+** <ol>
+** <li value="0"> SQLITE_TXN_NONE
+** <li value="1"> SQLITE_TXN_READ
+** <li value="2"> SQLITE_TXN_WRITE
+** </ol>
+** ^If the S argument to sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) is not the name of
+** a valid schema, then -1 is returned.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_txn_state(sqlite3*,const char *zSchema);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()]
+** KEYWORDS: {transaction state}
+**
+** These constants define the current transaction state of a database file.
+** ^The [sqlite3_txn_state(D,S)] interface returns one of these
+** constants in order to describe the transaction state of schema S
+** in [database connection] D.
+**
+** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_TXN_NONE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_NONE</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_NONE state means that no transaction is currently
+** pending.</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_TXN_READ]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_READ</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_READ state means that the database is currently
+** in a read transaction.  Content has been read from the database file
+** but nothing in the database file has changed.  The transaction state
+** will advanced to SQLITE_TXN_WRITE if any changes occur and there are
+** no other conflicting concurrent write transactions.  The transaction
+** state will revert to SQLITE_TXN_NONE following a [ROLLBACK] or
+** [COMMIT].</dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_TXN_WRITE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_WRITE</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_WRITE state means that the database is currently
+** in a write transaction.  Content has been written to the database file
+** but has not yet committed.  The transaction state will change to
+** to SQLITE_TXN_NONE at the next [ROLLBACK] or [COMMIT].</dd>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_TXN_NONE  0
+#define SQLITE_TXN_READ  1
+#define SQLITE_TXN_WRITE 2
+
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
@@ -5836,7 +6329,7 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
 ** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
 **
 ** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
-** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
+** modified (i.e. sqlite_sequence).)^
 ** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
 **
 ** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
@@ -5862,7 +6355,7 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
 ** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
 */
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
-  sqlite3*, 
+  sqlite3*,
   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
   void*
 );
@@ -5876,25 +6369,29 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
 ** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
 **
 ** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
-** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]). 
+** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
 ** In prior versions of SQLite,
 ** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
 **
 ** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
-** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
+** Existing database connections continue to use the sharing mode
 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
 **
 ** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
 ** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
 **
-** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
-** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
-** cache setting should set it explicitly.
+** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. It is recommended that it stay
+** that way.  In other words, do not use this routine.  This interface
+** continues to be provided for historical compatibility, but its use is
+** discouraged.  Any use of shared cache is discouraged.  If shared cache
+** must be used, it is recommended that shared cache only be enabled for
+** individual database connections using the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface
+** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag.
 **
 ** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
-** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems, 
-** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via 
+** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
+** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
 **
 ** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
@@ -5937,6 +6434,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
 **
+** These interfaces impose limits on the amount of heap memory that will be
+** by all database connections within a single process.
+**
 ** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
 ** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
 ** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
@@ -5944,23 +6444,44 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
 ** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
 ** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
 ** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
-** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit 
+** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
 ** is advisory only.
 **
-** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
-** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
-** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
-** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
-** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
-** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
-**
-** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
+** ^The sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface sets a hard upper bound of
+** N bytes on the amount of memory that will be allocated.  ^The
+** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface is similar to
+** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(N) except that memory allocations will fail
+** when the hard heap limit is reached.
 **
-** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
+** ^The return value from both sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() and
+** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() is the size of
+** the heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
+** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
+** then no change is made to the heap limit.  Hence, the current
+** size of heap limits can be determined by invoking
+** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(-1) or sqlite3_hard_heap_limit(-1).
+**
+** ^Setting the heap limits to zero disables the heap limiter mechanism.
+**
+** ^The soft heap limit may not be greater than the hard heap limit.
+** ^If the hard heap limit is enabled and if sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)
+** is invoked with a value of N that is greater than the hard heap limit,
+** the the soft heap limit is set to the value of the hard heap limit.
+** ^The soft heap limit is automatically enabled whenever the hard heap
+** limit is enabled. ^When sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) is invoked and
+** the soft heap limit is outside the range of 1..N, then the soft heap
+** limit is set to N.  ^Invoking sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(0) when the
+** hard heap limit is enabled makes the soft heap limit equal to the
+** hard heap limit.
+**
+** The memory allocation limits can also be adjusted using
+** [PRAGMA soft_heap_limit] and [PRAGMA hard_heap_limit].
+**
+** ^(The heap limits are not enforced in the current implementation
 ** if one or more of following conditions are true:
 **
 ** <ul>
-** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
+** <li> The limit value is set to zero.
 ** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
 **      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
@@ -5971,21 +6492,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
 **      from the heap.
 ** </ul>)^
 **
-** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]), 
-** the soft heap limit is enforced
-** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
-** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
-** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
-** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
-** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
-** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
-** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
-** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
-**
-** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
+** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the heap limits may
 ** changes in future releases of SQLite.
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
@@ -6009,7 +6520,7 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
 ** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
 ** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
 ** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
-** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
+** SQLITE_ERROR if the specified column does not exist.
 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
@@ -6049,7 +6560,7 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
 **
 ** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
 **
-** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table 
+** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
 ** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
@@ -6115,7 +6626,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
 ** prior to calling this API,
 ** otherwise an error will be returned.
 **
-** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the 
+** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
 ** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
 ** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
@@ -6151,7 +6662,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
 ** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
 **
 ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
-** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
+** be enabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
 ** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
 ** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
 ** access to extension loading capabilities.
@@ -6202,7 +6713,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
 ** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
 ** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
 ** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
-** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully 
+** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
 ** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
 ** routines.
 */
@@ -6237,8 +6748,8 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
 **
-** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module", 
-** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].  
+** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
+** defines the implementation of a [virtual table].
 ** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
 **
 ** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
@@ -6277,11 +6788,14 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
                        void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
                        void **ppArg);
   int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
-  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those 
+  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
   ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
   int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
   int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
   int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
+  /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
+  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
+  int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
 };
 
 /*
@@ -6324,7 +6838,7 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
 ** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
 ** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
 ** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
-** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to 
+** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
 ** non-zero.
 **
 ** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
@@ -6332,7 +6846,13 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
 ** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
 ** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
 ** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
-** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
+** virtual table and might not be checked again by the byte code.)^ ^(The
+** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
+** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
+** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is change to true, then
+** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
+** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
+** not be checked again using byte code.)^
 **
 ** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
 ** [xFilter] method.
@@ -6345,17 +6865,17 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
 **
 ** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
 ** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
-** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N) 
+** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
 ** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
 ** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
 **
 ** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
 ** will be returned by the strategy.
 **
-** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a 
+** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
 ** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
 ** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
-** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row. 
+** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
 **
 ** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
 ** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
@@ -6368,14 +6888,14 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
 ** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
 **
 ** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
-** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]). 
+** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
 ** If a virtual table extension is
-** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting 
-** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely 
-** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
+** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
+** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
+** to include crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
 ** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
 ** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
-** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]). 
+** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
 ** It may therefore only be used if
 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
 ** 3009000.
@@ -6415,7 +6935,7 @@ struct sqlite3_index_info {
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
 **
-** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the 
+** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
 ** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
 ** these bits.
 */
@@ -6424,7 +6944,7 @@ struct sqlite3_index_info {
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
 **
-** These macros defined the allowed values for the
+** These macros define the allowed values for the
 ** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
@@ -6455,7 +6975,7 @@ struct sqlite3_index_info {
 ** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
 **
 ** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
-** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the 
+** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
 ** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
 ** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
 ** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
@@ -6470,6 +6990,12 @@ struct sqlite3_index_info {
 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
 ** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
 ** destructor.
+**
+** ^If the third parameter (the pointer to the sqlite3_module object) is
+** NULL then no new module is create and any existing modules with the
+** same name are dropped.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_drop_modules()]
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(
   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
@@ -6485,6 +7011,23 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
   void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
 );
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Remove Unnecessary Virtual Table Implementations
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** ^The sqlite3_drop_modules(D,L) interface removes all virtual
+** table modules from database connection D except those named on list L.
+** The L parameter must be either NULL or a pointer to an array of pointers
+** to strings where the array is terminated by a single NULL pointer.
+** ^If the L parameter is NULL, then all virtual table modules are removed.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_create_module()]
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_drop_modules(
+  sqlite3 *db,                /* Remove modules from this connection */
+  const char **azKeep         /* Except, do not remove the ones named here */
+);
+
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
@@ -6547,7 +7090,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
 ** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
-** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].  
+** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
 ** But global versions of those functions
 ** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
 **
@@ -6598,7 +7141,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
 **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
 ** </pre>)^
 **
-** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but 
+** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
 ** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
 ** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
 ** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
@@ -6611,28 +7154,28 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
 ** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
 ** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
 ** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
-** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()] 
+** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
 ** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
 **
 ** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
 ** <ul>
-**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^, 
-**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^, 
-**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^, 
+**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
+**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
+**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
 **   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
 **   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
 **         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
-**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE 
+**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
 **         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
-**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled, 
+**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
 **         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
 **         being opened for read/write access)^.
 ** </ul>
 **
-** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the 
-** [database connection] error code and message accessible via 
-** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions. 
+** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
+** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
+** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
 **
 ** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
 ** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
@@ -6658,7 +7201,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
 ** blob.
 **
 ** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
-** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a 
+** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
 ** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
 **
 ** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
@@ -6708,7 +7251,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
 **
 ** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
-** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the 
+** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
 ** handle is still closed.)^
 **
 ** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
@@ -6718,10 +7261,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
 ** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
 **
 ** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
-** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine 
-** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to 
+** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
+** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
 ** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
-** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the 
+** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
 ** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
@@ -6730,7 +7273,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
 **
-** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the 
+** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
 ** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
 ** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
 ** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
@@ -6781,9 +7324,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
 **
 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
 ** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
-** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the 
-** [database connection] error code and message accessible via 
-** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions. 
+** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
+** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
+** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
 **
 ** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
 ** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
@@ -6792,9 +7335,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
 ** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
 ** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
-** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the 
-** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined 
-** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less 
+** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
+** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
+** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
 ** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
 **
 ** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
@@ -6888,7 +7431,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
 ** <ul>
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
@@ -6946,7 +7489,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
 ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
 ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
 ** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
-** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable 
+** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
 ** behavior.)^
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
@@ -7011,7 +7554,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
 ** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
 ** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
 ** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
-** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
+** by this structure are not required to handle this case. The results
 ** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
 ** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
 ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
@@ -7090,7 +7633,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
 */
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
-#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN      2
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
@@ -7105,11 +7648,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
 
+/* Legacy compatibility: */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
+
+
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
-** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that 
+** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
 ** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
 ** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
 ** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
@@ -7136,7 +7683,7 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
 **
 ** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
-** by the SQLite core and never invoke the 
+** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
 ** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
@@ -7193,17 +7740,18 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS      17
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
@@ -7214,12 +7762,16 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED               28
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS     29
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT              30
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    30  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
 **
-** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords 
+** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
 ** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
 ** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
 ** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
@@ -7291,14 +7843,14 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
 **
 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
 ** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
-** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to 
+** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
 ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
 **
 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
 ** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
 ** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
-** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from 
-** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for 
+** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
+** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
 ** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
 ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
 ** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
@@ -7334,9 +7886,9 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
 ** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
 ** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
 **
-** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and 
+** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
 ** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
-** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of 
+** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
 ** [sqlite3_str] object X.
 **
 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
@@ -7353,7 +7905,7 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
 ** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
 **
 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
-** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.  
+** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
 **
 ** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
 ** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
@@ -7455,7 +8007,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
 ** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
 ** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
+** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
@@ -7464,11 +8016,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
-** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using 
+** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
 ** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
 **
-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]] 
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
@@ -7480,8 +8032,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
+** handed to the [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
+** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
@@ -7494,7 +8046,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
-** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack. 
+** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
 ** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
 ** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
 ** </dl>
@@ -7516,12 +8068,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
-** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information 
+** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
 ** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
 ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
 ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
-** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of 
+** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
 ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
 **
@@ -7556,7 +8108,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int r
 ** checked out.</dd>)^
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were 
+** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that were
 ** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
 ** the current value is always zero.)^
 **
@@ -7581,7 +8133,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int r
 ** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
 **
-** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]] 
+** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
 ** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
@@ -7596,7 +8148,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int r
 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
 ** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
-** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^ 
+** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
 ** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
 ** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
 ** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
@@ -7611,13 +8163,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int r
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
-** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT 
+** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
 ** is always 0.
 ** </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
-** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS 
+** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
 ** is always 0.
 ** </dd>
 **
@@ -7638,7 +8190,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int r
 ** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
 ** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
 ** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
-** inefficiencies that can be resolve by increasing the cache size.
+** inefficiencies that can be resolved by increasing the cache size.
 ** </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
@@ -7675,7 +8227,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int r
 ** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
 ** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
 ** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
-** an index.  
+** an index.
 **
 ** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
 ** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
@@ -7702,7 +8254,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
 ** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
-** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through 
+** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
 ** careful use of indices.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
@@ -7720,14 +8272,14 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
 ** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
 ** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
-** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be 
+** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
-** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or change to 
+** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or changes to
 ** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
@@ -7787,15 +8339,15 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 ** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
 **
 ** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
-** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an 
+** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
 ** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
-** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by 
+** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
 ** SQLite is used for the page cache.
-** By implementing a 
+** By implementing a
 ** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
-** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which 
-** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to 
-** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for 
+** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
+** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
+** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
 ** how long.
 **
 ** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
@@ -7808,19 +8360,19 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
 **
 ** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
-** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective 
+** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
 ** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
 ** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
 ** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
-** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures 
-** required by the custom page cache implementation. 
-** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the 
+** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
+** required by the custom page cache implementation.
+** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
 ** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
 ** page cache.)^
 **
 ** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
 ** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
-** It can be used to clean up 
+** It can be used to clean up
 ** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
 ** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
 **
@@ -7839,7 +8391,7 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 ** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
 ** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
 ** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
-** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage 
+** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
 ** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
 ** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
 ** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
@@ -7852,7 +8404,7 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 ** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
 ** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
 ** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
-** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.  
+** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
 ** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
 ** never contain any unpinned pages.
 **
@@ -7867,12 +8419,12 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 ** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
 ** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
 ** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
-** 
+**
 ** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
-** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to 
+** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
 ** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
 ** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
-** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a 
+** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
 ** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
 ** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
 ** for each entry in the page cache.
@@ -7898,7 +8450,7 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 **
 ** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
 ** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
-** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
+** failed.)^  In between the xFetch() calls, SQLite may
 ** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
 ** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
 **
@@ -7911,8 +8463,8 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 ** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
 ** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
 **
-** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single 
-** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls 
+** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
+** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
 ** to xFetch().
 **
 ** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
@@ -7952,7 +8504,7 @@ struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
   sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
-  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, 
+  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
       unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
@@ -7997,7 +8549,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 **
 ** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
 ** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
-** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files. 
+** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
 **
 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
 **
@@ -8008,36 +8560,36 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 ** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
 ** preventing other database connections from
 ** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
-** 
-** ^(To perform a backup operation: 
+**
+** ^(To perform a backup operation:
 **   <ol>
 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
-**         backup, 
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer 
+**         backup,
+**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
 **         the data between the two databases, and finally
-**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources 
-**         associated with the backup operation. 
+**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
+**         associated with the backup operation.
 **   </ol>)^
 ** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
 ** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
 **
 ** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
 **
-** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the 
-** [database connection] associated with the destination database 
+** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
+** [database connection] associated with the destination database
 ** and the database name, respectively.
 ** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
 ** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
 ** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
-** ^The S and M arguments passed to 
+** ^The S and M arguments passed to
 ** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
 ** and database name of the source database, respectively.
 ** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
 ** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
 ** an error.
 **
-** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if 
-** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the 
+** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
+** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
 ** destination database.
 **
 ** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
@@ -8049,14 +8601,14 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 ** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
 ** [sqlite3_backup] object.
 ** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup 
+** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
 ** operation.
 **
 ** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
 **
-** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between 
+** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
 ** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
-** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied. 
+** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
 ** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
@@ -8078,8 +8630,8 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 **
 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
 ** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
-** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the 
-** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then 
+** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
+** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
 ** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
 ** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
 ** [database connection]
@@ -8087,15 +8639,15 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 ** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
 ** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
-** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then 
-** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These 
-** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept 
-** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle 
+** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
+** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
+** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
+** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
 ** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
 **
 ** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
-** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either 
-** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete 
+** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
+** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
 ** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
 ** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
 ** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
@@ -8104,18 +8656,18 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 ** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
 ** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
 ** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
-** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source 
+** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
 ** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
 ** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
 ** updated at the same time.
 **
 ** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
 **
-** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the 
+** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
 ** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
 ** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
-** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object. 
+** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
 ** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
@@ -8155,8 +8707,8 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 ** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
 ** from within other threads.
 **
-** However, the application must guarantee that the destination 
-** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after 
+** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
+** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
 ** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
 ** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
@@ -8167,11 +8719,11 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 ** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
 ** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
 ** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
-** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being 
+** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
 ** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
 ** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
 **
-** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple 
+** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
 ** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
 ** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
 ** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
@@ -8196,8 +8748,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 ** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
 ** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
 ** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
-** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking. 
-** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke 
+** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
+** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
 ** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
 ** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
@@ -8205,18 +8757,18 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
 **
 ** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
-** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back. 
+** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
 **
 ** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
 ** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
 ** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
-** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an 
+** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
 ** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
-** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as 
+** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
 ** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
 ** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
 ** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
-** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
+** call that concludes the blocking connection's transaction.
 **
 ** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
 ** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
@@ -8226,15 +8778,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 **
 ** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
 ** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
-** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of 
+** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
 ** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
 **
-** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a 
+** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
 ** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
-** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections 
+** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
 ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
 **
@@ -8247,25 +8799,25 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 **
 ** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
 **
-** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a 
+** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
 ** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
 ** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
 ** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
 ** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
 ** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
 **
-** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
+** When a blocking connection's transaction is concluded, there may be
 ** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
 ** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
 ** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
 ** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
 ** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
-** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions 
+** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
 ** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
 **
 ** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
 **
-** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a 
+** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
 ** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
 ** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
 ** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
@@ -8288,7 +8840,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 **
 ** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
 **
-** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost 
+** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
 ** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
 ** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
 ** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
@@ -8301,7 +8853,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 ** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
 ** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
 ** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
-** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just 
+** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
 ** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
@@ -8392,8 +8944,8 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
 ** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
 **
-** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and 
-** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation 
+** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
+** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
 ** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
 **
 ** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
@@ -8412,7 +8964,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
 ** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
 ** are undefined.
 **
-** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback 
+** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
 ** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
 ** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
 ** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
@@ -8420,7 +8972,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
 ** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
 */
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
-  sqlite3*, 
+  sqlite3*,
   int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
   void*
 );
@@ -8433,7 +8985,7 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
 ** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
 ** to automatically [checkpoint]
 ** after committing a transaction if there are N or
-** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or 
+** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
 ** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
 ** checkpoints entirely.
 **
@@ -8463,7 +9015,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
 **
-** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the 
+** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
 ** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
 ** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
 ** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
@@ -8489,10 +9041,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
 **
 ** <dl>
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
-**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database 
-**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames 
+**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
+**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
 **   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
-**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.  
+**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
 **   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
 **   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
 **
@@ -8506,9 +9058,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
 **
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
-**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the 
+**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
 **   [busy-handler callback])
-**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures 
+**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
 **   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
 **   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
 **   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
@@ -8530,31 +9082,31 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
 ** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
 **
 ** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
-** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the 
-** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a 
+** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
+** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
 ** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
 **
-** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the 
+** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
 ** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
 ** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
 ** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
 ** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
 ** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
 ** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
-** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as 
-** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible 
+** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
+** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
 ** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
 **
 ** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
-** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to 
+** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
 ** [database connection] db.  In this case the
-** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If 
-** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the 
-** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining 
-** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other 
-** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned 
-** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error 
-** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached 
+** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
+** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
+** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
+** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
+** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
+** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
+** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
 ** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
 **
 ** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
@@ -8602,21 +9154,28 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
 ** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
 ** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
 **
-** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
-** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
-** may be added in the future.
+** In the call sqlite3_vtab_config(D,C,...) the D parameter is the
+** [database connection] in which the virtual table is being created and
+** which is passed in as the first argument to the [xConnect] or [xCreate]
+** method that is invoking sqlite3_vtab_config().  The C parameter is one
+** of the [virtual table configuration options].  The presence and meaning
+** of parameters after C depend on which [virtual table configuration option]
+** is used.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
+** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration options}
+** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration option}
 **
 ** These macros define the various options to the
 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
 ** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
 **
 ** <dl>
-** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
+** [[SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT</dt>
 ** <dd>Calls of the form
 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
 ** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
@@ -8630,24 +9189,46 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
 ** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
 ** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
 ** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
-** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite 
+** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
 ** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
-** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate. 
+** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
 ** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
 ** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
 ** had been ABORT.
 **
 ** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
-** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the 
-** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON 
-** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should 
+** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
+** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
+** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
 ** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
 ** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
-** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT 
+** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
 ** constraint handling.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY</dt>
+** <dd>Calls of the form
+** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY) from within the
+** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
+** prohibits that virtual table from being used from within triggers and
+** views.
+** </dd>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS</dt>
+** <dd>Calls of the form
+** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS) from within the
+** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
+** identify that virtual table as being safe to use from within triggers
+** and views.  Conceptually, the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS tag means that the
+** virtual table can do no serious harm even if it is controlled by a
+** malicious hacker.  Developers should avoid setting the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS
+** flag unless absolutely necessary.
+** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
 #define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
+#define SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS          2
+#define SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY         3
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
@@ -8665,10 +9246,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
 **
 ** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
-** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
+** method of a [virtual table], then it might return true if the
 ** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
-** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
-** a return value that is less expensive to compute and that the corresponding
+** column value will not change.  The virtual table implementation can use
+** this hint as permission to substitute a return value that is less
+** expensive to compute and that the corresponding
 ** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
 **
 ** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
@@ -8677,6 +9259,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
 ** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
 ** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
 ** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
+**
+** The sqlite3_vtab_nochange() routine is an optimization.  Virtual table
+** implementations should continue to give a correct answer even if the
+** sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface were to always return false.  In the
+** current implementation, the sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface does always
+** returns false for the enhanced [UPDATE FROM] statement.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
 
@@ -8684,12 +9272,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
 **
 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
-** method of a [virtual table]. 
+** method of a [virtual table].
 **
 ** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
 ** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
 ** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
-** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer 
+** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
 ** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
 ** constraint.
 */
@@ -8727,15 +9315,15 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_
 **
 ** <dl>
 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
-** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
+** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be
 ** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
-** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
+** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
 ** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
-** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
+** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
 ** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
 ** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
 ** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
@@ -8743,17 +9331,17 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_
 ** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
-** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
+** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
 ** used for the X-th loop.
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
-** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
+** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
 ** description for the X-th loop.
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
-** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
+** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
 ** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
 ** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
 ** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
@@ -8803,7 +9391,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
   int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
   int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
   void *pOut                /* Result written here */
-);     
+);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
@@ -8818,18 +9406,19 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
+** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
 ** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
 ** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
-** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out 
+** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
 ** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
 ** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
 ** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
 ** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
 ** any [attached] databases.
 **
-** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages 
-** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained 
+** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
+** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
 ** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
 ** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
 ** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
@@ -8850,6 +9439,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
+** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
 ** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
@@ -8867,7 +9457,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
 **
 ** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
 ** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
-** system tables like sqlite_master or sqlite_stat1.
+** system tables like sqlite_sequence or sqlite_stat1.
 **
 ** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
 ** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
@@ -8876,21 +9466,21 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
 ** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
 ** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
 ** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
-** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or 
+** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
 ** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
 ** databases.)^
 ** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
 ** table that is being modified.
 **
 ** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
-** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the 
+** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
 ** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
-** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth 
+** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
 ** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
 ** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
 ** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
 ** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
-** INSERT operations on rowid tables.
+** DELETE operations on rowid tables.
 **
 ** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
 ** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
@@ -8924,7 +9514,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
 **
 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
 ** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
-** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level 
+** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
 ** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
 ** triggers; and so forth.
 **
@@ -8952,13 +9542,14 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
+** METHOD: sqlite3
 **
 ** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
 ** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
 ** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
 ** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
-** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.  
+** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
 
@@ -8996,12 +9587,12 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
 ** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
 ** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
-** this function is called, one is opened automatically. 
+** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
 **
 ** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
 ** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
 ** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
-** in this case. 
+** in this case.
 **
 ** <ul>
 **   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
@@ -9013,13 +9604,13 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
 **
 **   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
 **        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
-**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal 
+**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
 **        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
 **        must be written to it first.
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
-** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason, 
+** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
 ** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
 **
 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
@@ -9039,38 +9630,38 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
 ** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
 **
-** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read 
-** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of 
-** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to 
-** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the 
-** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK 
+** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
+** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
+** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
+** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
+** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
 ** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
 **
-** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in 
+** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
 ** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
 ** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
 ** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
-** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()). 
+** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
 ** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
 ** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
 **
 ** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
-** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case 
+** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
 ** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
 **
-** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is 
+** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
 ** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
 ** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
 ** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
 ** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
-** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the 
+** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
 ** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
 **
 ** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
 ** database connection D does not know that the database file for
 ** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
 ** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
-** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode] 
+** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
 ** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
 ** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
 ** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
@@ -9102,17 +9693,17 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
 **
 ** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
-** of two valid snapshot handles. 
+** of two valid snapshot handles.
 **
-** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database 
-** file, the result of the comparison is undefined. 
+** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
+** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
 **
 ** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
 ** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
 ** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
 ** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
-** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the 
-** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function 
+** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
+** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
 ** is undefined.
 **
 ** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
@@ -9177,7 +9768,7 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const c
 ** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
 ** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
 ** values of D and S.
-** The size of the database is written into *P even if the 
+** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
 ** of the database exists.
 **
@@ -9214,7 +9805,7 @@ SQLITE_API unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
 **
-** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the 
+** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
 ** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
 ** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
 ** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
@@ -9233,7 +9824,7 @@ SQLITE_API unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
 ** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
 ** operation.
 **
-** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the 
+** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
 ** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
 ** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
 **
@@ -9348,7 +9939,7 @@ struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
 };
 
 /*
-** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be 
+** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be
 ** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
 **
 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
@@ -9363,7 +9954,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
 
 
 /*
-** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the 
+** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the
 ** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
 ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
 **
@@ -9385,7 +9976,7 @@ struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
   sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
   int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
-  int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visiblity */
+  int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visibility */
   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
   /* The following fields are only available in 3.8.11 and later */
   sqlite3_value **apSqlParam;       /* Original SQL values of parameters */
@@ -9458,7 +10049,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_changeset_iter sqlite3_changeset_iter;
 ** is not possible for an application to register a pre-update hook on a
 ** database handle that has one or more session objects attached. Nor is
 ** it possible to create a session object attached to a database handle for
-** which a pre-update hook is already defined. The results of attempting 
+** which a pre-update hook is already defined. The results of attempting
 ** either of these things are undefined.
 **
 ** The session object will be used to create changesets for tables in
@@ -9476,13 +10067,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_create(
 ** CAPI3REF: Delete A Session Object
 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_session
 **
-** Delete a session object previously allocated using 
+** Delete a session object previously allocated using
 ** [sqlite3session_create()]. Once a session object has been deleted, the
 ** results of attempting to use pSession with any other session module
 ** function are undefined.
 **
 ** Session objects must be deleted before the database handle to which they
-** are attached is closed. Refer to the documentation for 
+** are attached is closed. Refer to the documentation for
 ** [sqlite3session_create()] for details.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession);
@@ -9500,10 +10091,10 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession);
 ** the eventual changesets.
 **
 ** Passing zero to this function disables the session. Passing a value
-** greater than zero enables it. Passing a value less than zero is a 
+** greater than zero enables it. Passing a value less than zero is a
 ** no-op, and may be used to query the current state of the session.
 **
-** The return value indicates the final state of the session object: 0 if 
+** The return value indicates the final state of the session object: 0 if
 ** the session is disabled, or 1 if it is enabled.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);
@@ -9518,7 +10109,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);
 ** <ul>
 **   <li> The session object "indirect" flag is set when the change is
 **        made, or
-**   <li> The change is made by an SQL trigger or foreign key action 
+**   <li> The change is made by an SQL trigger or foreign key action
 **        instead of directly as a result of a users SQL statement.
 ** </ul>
 **
@@ -9530,10 +10121,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);
 ** flag.  If the second argument passed to this function is zero, then the
 ** indirect flag is cleared. If it is greater than zero, the indirect flag
 ** is set. Passing a value less than zero does not modify the current value
-** of the indirect flag, and may be used to query the current state of the 
+** of the indirect flag, and may be used to query the current state of the
 ** indirect flag for the specified session object.
 **
-** The return value indicates the final state of the indirect flag: 0 if 
+** The return value indicates the final state of the indirect flag: 0 if
 ** it is clear, or 1 if it is set.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect);
@@ -9543,20 +10134,20 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect)
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
 **
 ** If argument zTab is not NULL, then it is the name of a table to attach
-** to the session object passed as the first argument. All subsequent changes 
-** made to the table while the session object is enabled will be recorded. See 
+** to the session object passed as the first argument. All subsequent changes
+** made to the table while the session object is enabled will be recorded. See
 ** documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further details.
 **
 ** Or, if argument zTab is NULL, then changes are recorded for all tables
-** in the database. If additional tables are added to the database (by 
-** executing "CREATE TABLE" statements) after this call is made, changes for 
+** in the database. If additional tables are added to the database (by
+** executing "CREATE TABLE" statements) after this call is made, changes for
 ** the new tables are also recorded.
 **
 ** Changes can only be recorded for tables that have a PRIMARY KEY explicitly
-** defined as part of their CREATE TABLE statement. It does not matter if the 
+** defined as part of their CREATE TABLE statement. It does not matter if the
 ** PRIMARY KEY is an "INTEGER PRIMARY KEY" (rowid alias) or not. The PRIMARY
 ** KEY may consist of a single column, or may be a composite key.
-** 
+**
 ** It is not an error if the named table does not exist in the database. Nor
 ** is it an error if the named table does not have a PRIMARY KEY. However,
 ** no changes will be recorded in either of these scenarios.
@@ -9564,29 +10155,29 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect)
 ** Changes are not recorded for individual rows that have NULL values stored
 ** in one or more of their PRIMARY KEY columns.
 **
-** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error 
+** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error
 ** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
 **
 ** <h3>Special sqlite_stat1 Handling</h3>
 **
-** As of SQLite version 3.22.0, the "sqlite_stat1" table is an exception to 
+** As of SQLite version 3.22.0, the "sqlite_stat1" table is an exception to
 ** some of the rules above. In SQLite, the schema of sqlite_stat1 is:
 **  <pre>
-**  &nbsp;     CREATE TABLE sqlite_stat1(tbl,idx,stat)  
+**  &nbsp;     CREATE TABLE sqlite_stat1(tbl,idx,stat)
 **  </pre>
 **
-** Even though sqlite_stat1 does not have a PRIMARY KEY, changes are 
-** recorded for it as if the PRIMARY KEY is (tbl,idx). Additionally, changes 
+** Even though sqlite_stat1 does not have a PRIMARY KEY, changes are
+** recorded for it as if the PRIMARY KEY is (tbl,idx). Additionally, changes
 ** are recorded for rows for which (idx IS NULL) is true. However, for such
 ** rows a zero-length blob (SQL value X'') is stored in the changeset or
 ** patchset instead of a NULL value. This allows such changesets to be
 ** manipulated by legacy implementations of sqlite3changeset_invert(),
 ** concat() and similar.
 **
-** The sqlite3changeset_apply() function automatically converts the 
+** The sqlite3changeset_apply() function automatically converts the
 ** zero-length blob back to a NULL value when updating the sqlite_stat1
 ** table. However, if the application calls sqlite3changeset_new(),
-** sqlite3changeset_old() or sqlite3changeset_conflict on a changeset 
+** sqlite3changeset_old() or sqlite3changeset_conflict on a changeset
 ** iterator directly (including on a changeset iterator passed to a
 ** conflict-handler callback) then the X'' value is returned. The application
 ** must translate X'' to NULL itself if required.
@@ -9605,10 +10196,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_attach(
 ** CAPI3REF: Set a table filter on a Session Object.
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
 **
-** The second argument (xFilter) is the "filter callback". For changes to rows 
+** The second argument (xFilter) is the "filter callback". For changes to rows
 ** in tables that are not attached to the Session object, the filter is called
-** to determine whether changes to the table's rows should be tracked or not. 
-** If xFilter returns 0, changes is not tracked. Note that once a table is 
+** to determine whether changes to the table's rows should be tracked or not.
+** If xFilter returns 0, changes are not tracked. Note that once a table is
 ** attached, xFilter will not be called again.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
@@ -9624,9 +10215,9 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
 ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Changeset From A Session Object
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
 **
-** Obtain a changeset containing changes to the tables attached to the 
-** session object passed as the first argument. If successful, 
-** set *ppChangeset to point to a buffer containing the changeset 
+** Obtain a changeset containing changes to the tables attached to the
+** session object passed as the first argument. If successful,
+** set *ppChangeset to point to a buffer containing the changeset
 ** and *pnChangeset to the size of the changeset in bytes before returning
 ** SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs, set both *ppChangeset and *pnChangeset to
 ** zero and return an SQLite error code.
@@ -9641,7 +10232,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
 ** modifies the values of primary key columns. If such a change is made, it
 ** is represented in a changeset as a DELETE followed by an INSERT.
 **
-** Changes are not recorded for rows that have NULL values stored in one or 
+** Changes are not recorded for rows that have NULL values stored in one or
 ** more of their PRIMARY KEY columns. If such a row is inserted or deleted,
 ** no corresponding change is present in the changesets returned by this
 ** function. If an existing row with one or more NULL values stored in
@@ -9694,14 +10285,14 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
 ** <ul>
 **   <li> For each record generated by an insert, the database is queried
 **        for a row with a matching primary key. If one is found, an INSERT
-**        change is added to the changeset. If no such row is found, no change 
+**        change is added to the changeset. If no such row is found, no change
 **        is added to the changeset.
 **
-**   <li> For each record generated by an update or delete, the database is 
+**   <li> For each record generated by an update or delete, the database is
 **        queried for a row with a matching primary key. If such a row is
 **        found and one or more of the non-primary key fields have been
-**        modified from their original values, an UPDATE change is added to 
-**        the changeset. Or, if no such row is found in the table, a DELETE 
+**        modified from their original values, an UPDATE change is added to
+**        the changeset. Or, if no such row is found in the table, a DELETE
 **        change is added to the changeset. If there is a row with a matching
 **        primary key in the database, but all fields contain their original
 **        values, no change is added to the changeset.
@@ -9709,7 +10300,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
 **
 ** This means, amongst other things, that if a row is inserted and then later
 ** deleted while a session object is active, neither the insert nor the delete
-** will be present in the changeset. Or if a row is deleted and then later a 
+** will be present in the changeset. Or if a row is deleted and then later a
 ** row with the same primary key values inserted while a session object is
 ** active, the resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change instead of
 ** a DELETE and an INSERT.
@@ -9718,10 +10309,10 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
 ** it does not accumulate records when rows are inserted, updated or deleted.
 ** This may appear to have some counter-intuitive effects if a single row
 ** is written to more than once during a session. For example, if a row
-** is inserted while a session object is enabled, then later deleted while 
+** is inserted while a session object is enabled, then later deleted while
 ** the same session object is disabled, no INSERT record will appear in the
 ** changeset, even though the delete took place while the session was disabled.
-** Or, if one field of a row is updated while a session is disabled, and 
+** Or, if one field of a row is updated while a session is disabled, and
 ** another field of the same row is updated while the session is enabled, the
 ** resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change that updates both fields.
 */
@@ -9742,7 +10333,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset(
 ** an error).
 **
 ** Argument zFromDb must be the name of a database ("main", "temp" etc.)
-** attached to the same database handle as the session object that contains 
+** attached to the same database handle as the session object that contains
 ** a table compatible with the table attached to the session by this function.
 ** A table is considered compatible if it:
 **
@@ -9758,33 +10349,33 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset(
 ** APIs, tables without PRIMARY KEYs are simply ignored.
 **
 ** This function adds a set of changes to the session object that could be
-** used to update the table in database zFrom (call this the "from-table") 
-** so that its content is the same as the table attached to the session 
+** used to update the table in database zFrom (call this the "from-table")
+** so that its content is the same as the table attached to the session
 ** object (call this the "to-table"). Specifically:
 **
 ** <ul>
-**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in 
+**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
 **     the from-table, an INSERT record is added to the session object.
 **
-**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in 
+**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
 **     the from-table, a DELETE record is added to the session object.
 **
-**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in both tables, but features 
+**   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in both tables, but features
 **     different non-PK values in each, an UPDATE record is added to the
-**     session.  
+**     session.
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** To clarify, if this function is called and then a changeset constructed
-** using [sqlite3session_changeset()], then after applying that changeset to 
-** database zFrom the contents of the two compatible tables would be 
+** using [sqlite3session_changeset()], then after applying that changeset to
+** database zFrom the contents of the two compatible tables would be
 ** identical.
 **
 ** It an error if database zFrom does not exist or does not contain the
 ** required compatible table.
 **
-** If the operation successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite
+** If the operation is successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite
 ** error code. In this case, if argument pzErrMsg is not NULL, *pzErrMsg
-** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error 
+** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error
 ** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to free this buffer using
 ** sqlite3_free().
 */
@@ -9803,19 +10394,19 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_diff(
 ** The differences between a patchset and a changeset are that:
 **
 ** <ul>
-**   <li> DELETE records consist of the primary key fields only. The 
+**   <li> DELETE records consist of the primary key fields only. The
 **        original values of other fields are omitted.
-**   <li> The original values of any modified fields are omitted from 
+**   <li> The original values of any modified fields are omitted from
 **        UPDATE records.
 ** </ul>
 **
-** A patchset blob may be used with up to date versions of all 
-** sqlite3changeset_xxx API functions except for sqlite3changeset_invert(), 
+** A patchset blob may be used with up to date versions of all
+** sqlite3changeset_xxx API functions except for sqlite3changeset_invert(),
 ** which returns SQLITE_CORRUPT if it is passed a patchset. Similarly,
 ** attempting to use a patchset blob with old versions of the
-** sqlite3changeset_xxx APIs also provokes an SQLITE_CORRUPT error. 
+** sqlite3changeset_xxx APIs also provokes an SQLITE_CORRUPT error.
 **
-** Because the non-primary key "old.*" fields are omitted, no 
+** Because the non-primary key "old.*" fields are omitted, no
 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflicts can be detected or reported if a patchset
 ** is passed to the sqlite3changeset_apply() API. Other conflict types work
 ** in the same way as for changesets.
@@ -9834,22 +10425,22 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset(
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Test if a changeset has recorded any changes.
 **
-** Return non-zero if no changes to attached tables have been recorded by 
-** the session object passed as the first argument. Otherwise, if one or 
+** Return non-zero if no changes to attached tables have been recorded by
+** the session object passed as the first argument. Otherwise, if one or
 ** more changes have been recorded, return zero.
 **
 ** Even if this function returns zero, it is possible that calling
 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()] on the session handle may still return a
-** changeset that contains no changes. This can happen when a row in 
-** an attached table is modified and then later on the original values 
+** changeset that contains no changes. This can happen when a row in
+** an attached table is modified and then later on the original values
 ** are restored. However, if this function returns non-zero, then it is
-** guaranteed that a call to sqlite3session_changeset() will return a 
+** guaranteed that a call to sqlite3session_changeset() will return a
 ** changeset containing zero changes.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF: Create An Iterator To Traverse A Changeset 
+** CAPI3REF: Create An Iterator To Traverse A Changeset
 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changeset_iter
 **
 ** Create an iterator used to iterate through the contents of a changeset.
@@ -9857,7 +10448,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);
 ** is returned. Otherwise, if an error occurs, *pp is set to zero and an
 ** SQLite error code is returned.
 **
-** The following functions can be used to advance and query a changeset 
+** The following functions can be used to advance and query a changeset
 ** iterator created by this function:
 **
 ** <ul>
@@ -9874,26 +10465,52 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);
 **
 ** Assuming the changeset blob was created by one of the
 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()], [sqlite3changeset_concat()] or
-** [sqlite3changeset_invert()] functions, all changes within the changeset 
-** that apply to a single table are grouped together. This means that when 
-** an application iterates through a changeset using an iterator created by 
-** this function, all changes that relate to a single table are visited 
-** consecutively. There is no chance that the iterator will visit a change 
-** the applies to table X, then one for table Y, and then later on visit 
+** [sqlite3changeset_invert()] functions, all changes within the changeset
+** that apply to a single table are grouped together. This means that when
+** an application iterates through a changeset using an iterator created by
+** this function, all changes that relate to a single table are visited
+** consecutively. There is no chance that the iterator will visit a change
+** the applies to table X, then one for table Y, and then later on visit
 ** another change for table X.
+**
+** The behavior of sqlite3changeset_start_v2() and its streaming equivalent
+** may be modified by passing a combination of
+** [SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT | supported flags] as the 4th parameter.
+**
+** Note that the sqlite3changeset_start_v2() API is still <b>experimental</b>
+** and therefore subject to change.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start(
   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
   void *pChangeset                /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
 );
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_v2(
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
+  int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
+  void *pChangeset,               /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
+  int flags                       /* SESSION_CHANGESETSTART_* flags */
+);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3changeset_start_v2
+**
+** The following flags may passed via the 4th parameter to
+** [sqlite3changeset_start_v2] and [sqlite3changeset_start_v2_strm]:
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT <dd>
+**   Invert the changeset while iterating through it. This is equivalent to
+**   inverting a changeset using sqlite3changeset_invert() before applying it.
+**   It is an error to specify this flag with a patchset.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT        0x0002
 
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Advance A Changeset Iterator
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
 **
-** This function may only be used with iterators created by function
+** This function may only be used with iterators created by the function
 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()]. If it is called on an iterator passed to
 ** a conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], SQLITE_MISUSE
 ** is returned and the call has no effect.
@@ -9904,12 +10521,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start(
 ** point to the first change in the changeset. Each subsequent call advances
 ** the iterator to point to the next change in the changeset (if any). If
 ** no error occurs and the iterator points to a valid change after a call
-** to sqlite3changeset_next() has advanced it, SQLITE_ROW is returned. 
+** to sqlite3changeset_next() has advanced it, SQLITE_ROW is returned.
 ** Otherwise, if all changes in the changeset have already been visited,
 ** SQLITE_DONE is returned.
 **
-** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Possible error 
-** codes include SQLITE_CORRUPT (if the changeset buffer is corrupt) or 
+** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Possible error
+** codes include SQLITE_CORRUPT (if the changeset buffer is corrupt) or
 ** SQLITE_NOMEM.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_next(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
@@ -9927,14 +10544,14 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_next(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
 ** If argument pzTab is not NULL, then *pzTab is set to point to a
 ** nul-terminated utf-8 encoded string containing the name of the table
 ** affected by the current change. The buffer remains valid until either
-** sqlite3changeset_next() is called on the iterator or until the 
-** conflict-handler function returns. If pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is 
+** sqlite3changeset_next() is called on the iterator or until the
+** conflict-handler function returns. If pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is
 ** set to the number of columns in the table affected by the change. If
-** pbIncorrect is not NULL, then *pbIndirect is set to true (1) if the change
+** pbIndirect is not NULL, then *pbIndirect is set to true (1) if the change
 ** is an indirect change, or false (0) otherwise. See the documentation for
 ** [sqlite3session_indirect()] for a description of direct and indirect
-** changes. Finally, if pOp is not NULL, then *pOp is set to one of 
-** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the 
+** changes. Finally, if pOp is not NULL, then *pOp is set to one of
+** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the
 ** type of change that the iterator currently points to.
 **
 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error does occur, an
@@ -9988,7 +10605,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_pk(
 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
-** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW. 
+** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE]. Otherwise,
 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
@@ -9998,9 +10615,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_pk(
 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
 **
 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
-** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of 
+** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
 ** original row values stored as part of the UPDATE or DELETE change and
-** returns SQLITE_OK. The name of the function comes from the fact that this 
+** returns SQLITE_OK. The name of the function comes from the fact that this
 ** is similar to the "old.*" columns available to update or delete triggers.
 **
 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
@@ -10019,7 +10636,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_old(
 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
-** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW. 
+** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_UPDATE] or [SQLITE_INSERT]. Otherwise,
 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
@@ -10029,12 +10646,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_old(
 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
 **
 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
-** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of 
+** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
 ** new row values stored as part of the UPDATE or INSERT change and
 ** returns SQLITE_OK. If the change is an UPDATE and does not include
-** a new value for the requested column, *ppValue is set to NULL and 
-** SQLITE_OK returned. The name of the function comes from the fact that 
-** this is similar to the "new.*" columns available to update or delete 
+** a new value for the requested column, *ppValue is set to NULL and
+** SQLITE_OK returned. The name of the function comes from the fact that
+** this is similar to the "new.*" columns available to update or delete
 ** triggers.
 **
 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
@@ -10061,7 +10678,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_new(
 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
 **
 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
-** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the 
+** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the
 ** "conflicting row" associated with the current conflict-handler callback
 ** and returns SQLITE_OK.
 **
@@ -10105,7 +10722,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts(
 ** call has no effect.
 **
 ** If an error was encountered within a call to an sqlite3changeset_xxx()
-** function (for example an [SQLITE_CORRUPT] in [sqlite3changeset_next()] or an 
+** function (for example an [SQLITE_CORRUPT] in [sqlite3changeset_next()] or an
 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM] in [sqlite3changeset_new()]) then an error code corresponding
 ** to that error is returned by this function. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is
 ** returned. This is to allow the following pattern (pseudo-code):
@@ -10117,7 +10734,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts(
 **   }
 **   rc = sqlite3changeset_finalize();
 **   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-**     // An error has occurred 
+**     // An error has occurred
 **   }
 ** </pre>
 */
@@ -10145,7 +10762,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_finalize(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
 ** zeroed and an SQLite error code returned.
 **
 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually call sqlite3_free()
-** on the *ppOut pointer to free the buffer allocation following a successful 
+** on the *ppOut pointer to free the buffer allocation following a successful
 ** call to this function.
 **
 ** WARNING/TODO: This function currently assumes that the input is a valid
@@ -10159,11 +10776,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_invert(
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Concatenate Two Changeset Objects
 **
-** This function is used to concatenate two changesets, A and B, into a 
+** This function is used to concatenate two changesets, A and B, into a
 ** single changeset. The result is a changeset equivalent to applying
-** changeset A followed by changeset B. 
+** changeset A followed by changeset B.
 **
-** This function combines the two input changesets using an 
+** This function combines the two input changesets using an
 ** sqlite3_changegroup object. Calling it produces similar results as the
 ** following code fragment:
 **
@@ -10195,7 +10812,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat(
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Changegroup Handle
 **
-** A changegroup is an object used to combine two or more 
+** A changegroup is an object used to combine two or more
 ** [changesets] or [patchsets]
 */
 typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
@@ -10211,7 +10828,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
 **
 ** If successful, this function returns SQLITE_OK and populates (*pp) with
 ** a pointer to a new sqlite3_changegroup object before returning. The caller
-** should eventually free the returned object using a call to 
+** should eventually free the returned object using a call to
 ** sqlite3changegroup_delete(). If an error occurs, an SQLite error code
 ** (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned and *pp is set to NULL.
 **
@@ -10223,7 +10840,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
 **   <li> Zero or more changesets (or patchsets) are added to the object
 **        by calling sqlite3changegroup_add().
 **
-**   <li> The result of combining all input changesets together is obtained 
+**   <li> The result of combining all input changesets together is obtained
 **        by the application via a call to sqlite3changegroup_output().
 **
 **   <li> The object is deleted using a call to sqlite3changegroup_delete().
@@ -10232,7 +10849,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
 ** Any number of calls to add() and output() may be made between the calls to
 ** new() and delete(), and in any order.
 **
-** As well as the regular sqlite3changegroup_add() and 
+** As well as the regular sqlite3changegroup_add() and
 ** sqlite3changegroup_output() functions, also available are the streaming
 ** versions sqlite3changegroup_add_strm() and sqlite3changegroup_output_strm().
 */
@@ -10243,7 +10860,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
 **
 ** Add all changes within the changeset (or patchset) in buffer pData (size
-** nData bytes) to the changegroup. 
+** nData bytes) to the changegroup.
 **
 ** If the buffer contains a patchset, then all prior calls to this function
 ** on the same changegroup object must also have specified patchsets. Or, if
@@ -10270,7 +10887,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
 **       added to the changegroup.
 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>UPDATE <td>
-**       The INSERT change remains in the changegroup. The values in the 
+**       The INSERT change remains in the changegroup. The values in the
 **       INSERT change are modified as if the row was inserted by the
 **       existing change and then updated according to the new change.
 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>DELETE <td>
@@ -10281,17 +10898,17 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
 **       added to the changegroup.
 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>UPDATE <td>
-**       The existing UPDATE remains within the changegroup. It is amended 
-**       so that the accompanying values are as if the row was updated once 
+**       The existing UPDATE remains within the changegroup. It is amended
+**       so that the accompanying values are as if the row was updated once
 **       by the existing change and then again by the new change.
 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>DELETE <td>
 **       The existing UPDATE is replaced by the new DELETE within the
 **       changegroup.
 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>INSERT <td>
 **       If one or more of the column values in the row inserted by the
-**       new change differ from those in the row deleted by the existing 
+**       new change differ from those in the row deleted by the existing
 **       change, the existing DELETE is replaced by an UPDATE within the
-**       changegroup. Otherwise, if the inserted row is exactly the same 
+**       changegroup. Otherwise, if the inserted row is exactly the same
 **       as the deleted row, the existing DELETE is simply discarded.
 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>UPDATE <td>
 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
@@ -10309,8 +10926,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
 ** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. If the input changeset
 ** appears to be corrupt and the corruption is detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is
 ** returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition occurs during processing, this
-** function returns SQLITE_NOMEM. In all cases, if an error occurs the
-** final contents of the changegroup is undefined.
+** function returns SQLITE_NOMEM. In all cases, if an error occurs the state
+** of the final contents of the changegroup is undefined.
 **
 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.
 */
@@ -10336,7 +10953,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add(sqlite3_changegroup*, int nData, void *pDa
 **
 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the output
 ** variables (*pnData) and (*ppData) are set to 0. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK
-** is returned and the output variables are set to the size of and a 
+** is returned and the output variables are set to the size of and a
 ** pointer to the output buffer, respectively. In this case it is the
 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer using a
 ** call to sqlite3_free().
@@ -10358,7 +10975,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
 **
 ** Apply a changeset or patchset to a database. These functions attempt to
 ** update the "main" database attached to handle db with the changes found in
-** the changeset passed via the second and third arguments. 
+** the changeset passed via the second and third arguments.
 **
 ** The fourth argument (xFilter) passed to these functions is the "filter
 ** callback". If it is not NULL, then for each table affected by at least one
@@ -10369,16 +10986,16 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
 ** Otherwise, if the return value is non-zero or the xFilter argument to
 ** is NULL, all changes related to the table are attempted.
 **
-** For each table that is not excluded by the filter callback, this function 
-** tests that the target database contains a compatible table. A table is 
+** For each table that is not excluded by the filter callback, this function
+** tests that the target database contains a compatible table. A table is
 ** considered compatible if all of the following are true:
 **
 ** <ul>
-**   <li> The table has the same name as the name recorded in the 
+**   <li> The table has the same name as the name recorded in the
 **        changeset, and
-**   <li> The table has at least as many columns as recorded in the 
+**   <li> The table has at least as many columns as recorded in the
 **        changeset, and
-**   <li> The table has primary key columns in the same position as 
+**   <li> The table has primary key columns in the same position as
 **        recorded in the changeset.
 ** </ul>
 **
@@ -10387,11 +11004,11 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
 ** via the sqlite3_log() mechanism with the error code SQLITE_SCHEMA. At most
 ** one such warning is issued for each table in the changeset.
 **
-** For each change for which there is a compatible table, an attempt is made 
-** to modify the table contents according to the UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE 
-** change. If a change cannot be applied cleanly, the conflict handler 
-** function passed as the fifth argument to sqlite3changeset_apply() may be 
-** invoked. A description of exactly when the conflict handler is invoked for 
+** For each change for which there is a compatible table, an attempt is made
+** to modify the table contents according to the UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE
+** change. If a change cannot be applied cleanly, the conflict handler
+** function passed as the fifth argument to sqlite3changeset_apply() may be
+** invoked. A description of exactly when the conflict handler is invoked for
 ** each type of change is below.
 **
 ** Unlike the xFilter argument, xConflict may not be passed NULL. The results
@@ -10399,23 +11016,23 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
 ** argument are undefined.
 **
 ** Each time the conflict handler function is invoked, it must return one
-** of [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT], [SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT] or 
+** of [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT], [SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT] or
 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE]. SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE may only be returned
 ** if the second argument passed to the conflict handler is either
 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If the conflict-handler
 ** returns an illegal value, any changes already made are rolled back and
-** the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE. Different 
+** the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE. Different
 ** actions are taken by sqlite3changeset_apply() depending on the value
 ** returned by each invocation of the conflict-handler function. Refer to
-** the documentation for the three 
+** the documentation for the three
 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT|available return values] for details.
 **
 ** <dl>
 ** <dt>DELETE Changes<dd>
-**   For each DELETE change, the function checks if the target database 
-**   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the 
-**   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values 
-**   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in 
+**   For each DELETE change, the function checks if the target database
+**   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
+**   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
+**   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in
 **   the changeset the row is deleted from the target database.
 **
 **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
@@ -10444,22 +11061,22 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
 **   database table, the trailing fields are populated with their default
 **   values.
 **
-**   If the attempt to insert the row fails because the database already 
+**   If the attempt to insert the row fails because the database already
 **   contains a row with the same primary key values, the conflict handler
-**   function is invoked with the second argument set to 
+**   function is invoked with the second argument set to
 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT].
 **
 **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because of some other constraint
-**   violation (e.g. NOT NULL or UNIQUE), the conflict handler function is 
+**   violation (e.g. NOT NULL or UNIQUE), the conflict handler function is
 **   invoked with the second argument set to [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT].
-**   This includes the case where the INSERT operation is re-attempted because 
-**   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned 
+**   This includes the case where the INSERT operation is re-attempted because
+**   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
 **
 ** <dt>UPDATE Changes<dd>
-**   For each UPDATE change, the function checks if the target database 
-**   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the 
-**   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values 
+**   For each UPDATE change, the function checks if the target database
+**   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
+**   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
 **   stored in all modified non-primary key columns also match the values
 **   stored in the changeset the row is updated within the target database.
 **
@@ -10475,28 +11092,28 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
 **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
 **   passed as the second argument.
 **
-**   If the UPDATE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns 
-**   SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the conflict-handler function is invoked with 
+**   If the UPDATE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns
+**   SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the conflict-handler function is invoked with
 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT] passed as the second argument.
-**   This includes the case where the UPDATE operation is attempted after 
+**   This includes the case where the UPDATE operation is attempted after
 **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
-**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].  
+**   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
 ** </dl>
 **
 ** It is safe to execute SQL statements, including those that write to the
 ** table that the callback related to, from within the xConflict callback.
-** This can be used to further customize the applications conflict
+** This can be used to further customize the application's conflict
 ** resolution strategy.
 **
 ** All changes made by these functions are enclosed in a savepoint transaction.
 ** If any other error (aside from a constraint failure when attempting to
 ** write to the target database) occurs, then the savepoint transaction is
-** rolled back, restoring the target database to its original state, and an 
+** rolled back, restoring the target database to its original state, and an
 ** SQLite error code returned.
 **
 ** If the output parameters (ppRebase) and (pnRebase) are non-NULL and
 ** the input is a changeset (not a patchset), then sqlite3changeset_apply_v2()
-** may set (*ppRebase) to point to a "rebase" that may be used with the 
+** may set (*ppRebase) to point to a "rebase" that may be used with the
 ** sqlite3_rebaser APIs buffer before returning. In this case (*pnRebase)
 ** is set to the size of the buffer in bytes. It is the responsibility of the
 ** caller to eventually free any such buffer using sqlite3_free(). The buffer
@@ -10541,7 +11158,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
   ),
   void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
   void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase, /* OUT: Rebase data */
-  int flags                       /* Combination of SESSION_APPLY_* flags */
+  int flags                       /* SESSION_CHANGESETAPPLY_* flags */
 );
 
 /*
@@ -10557,12 +11174,18 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 **   SAVEPOINT is committed if the changeset or patchset is successfully
 **   applied, or rolled back if an error occurs. Specifying this flag
 **   causes the sessions module to omit this savepoint. In this case, if the
-**   caller has an open transaction or savepoint when apply_v2() is called, 
+**   caller has an open transaction or savepoint when apply_v2() is called,
 **   it may revert the partially applied changeset by rolling it back.
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT <dd>
+**   Invert the changeset before applying it. This is equivalent to inverting
+**   a changeset using sqlite3changeset_invert() before applying it. It is
+**   an error to specify this flag with a patchset.
 */
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT   0x0001
+#define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT        0x0002
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Passed To The Conflict Handler
 **
 ** Values that may be passed as the second argument to a conflict-handler.
@@ -10571,32 +11194,32 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA<dd>
 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_DATA as the second argument
 **   when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the required
-**   PRIMARY KEY fields is present in the database, but one or more other 
-**   (non primary-key) fields modified by the update do not contain the 
+**   PRIMARY KEY fields is present in the database, but one or more other
+**   (non primary-key) fields modified by the update do not contain the
 **   expected "before" values.
-** 
+**
 **   The conflicting row, in this case, is the database row with the matching
 **   primary key.
-** 
+**
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND<dd>
 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_NOTFOUND as the second
 **   argument when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the
 **   required PRIMARY KEY fields is not present in the database.
-** 
+**
 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
-** 
+**
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT<dd>
 **   CHANGESET_CONFLICT is passed as the second argument to the conflict
-**   handler while processing an INSERT change if the operation would result 
+**   handler while processing an INSERT change if the operation would result
 **   in duplicate primary key values.
-** 
+**
 **   The conflicting row in this case is the database row with the matching
 **   primary key.
 **
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY<dd>
 **   If foreign key handling is enabled, and applying a changeset leaves the
-**   database in a state containing foreign key violations, the conflict 
+**   database in a state containing foreign key violations, the conflict
 **   handler is invoked with CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY as the second argument
 **   exactly once before the changeset is committed. If the conflict handler
 **   returns CHANGESET_OMIT, the changes, including those that caused the
@@ -10606,12 +11229,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 **   No current or conflicting row information is provided. The only function
 **   it is possible to call on the supplied sqlite3_changeset_iter handle
 **   is sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts().
-** 
+**
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT<dd>
-**   If any other constraint violation occurs while applying a change (i.e. 
-**   a UNIQUE, CHECK or NOT NULL constraint), the conflict handler is 
+**   If any other constraint violation occurs while applying a change (i.e.
+**   a UNIQUE, CHECK or NOT NULL constraint), the conflict handler is
 **   invoked with CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT as the second argument.
-** 
+**
 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
 **
@@ -10623,7 +11246,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT  4
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY 5
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Returned By The Conflict Handler
 **
 ** A conflict handler callback must return one of the following three values.
@@ -10631,13 +11254,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 ** <dl>
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT<dd>
 **   If a conflict handler returns this value no special action is taken. The
-**   change that caused the conflict is not applied. The session module 
+**   change that caused the conflict is not applied. The session module
 **   continues to the next change in the changeset.
 **
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE<dd>
 **   This value may only be returned if the second argument to the conflict
 **   handler was SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If this
-**   is not the case, any changes applied so far are rolled back and the 
+**   is not the case, any changes applied so far are rolled back and the
 **   call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
 **
 **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict
@@ -10650,7 +11273,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 **   the original row is restored to the database before continuing.
 **
 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT<dd>
-**   If this value is returned, any changes applied so far are rolled back 
+**   If this value is returned, any changes applied so far are rolled back
 **   and the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_ABORT.
 ** </dl>
 */
@@ -10658,20 +11281,20 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE    1
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT      2
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Rebasing changesets
 ** EXPERIMENTAL
 **
 ** Suppose there is a site hosting a database in state S0. And that
 ** modifications are made that move that database to state S1 and a
 ** changeset recorded (the "local" changeset). Then, a changeset based
-** on S0 is received from another site (the "remote" changeset) and 
-** applied to the database. The database is then in state 
+** on S0 is received from another site (the "remote" changeset) and
+** applied to the database. The database is then in state
 ** (S1+"remote"), where the exact state depends on any conflict
 ** resolution decisions (OMIT or REPLACE) made while applying "remote".
-** Rebasing a changeset is to update it to take those conflict 
+** Rebasing a changeset is to update it to take those conflict
 ** resolution decisions into account, so that the same conflicts
-** do not have to be resolved elsewhere in the network. 
+** do not have to be resolved elsewhere in the network.
 **
 ** For example, if both the local and remote changesets contain an
 ** INSERT of the same key on "CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, b)":
@@ -10690,7 +11313,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 **
 ** <dl>
 ** <dt>Local INSERT<dd>
-**   This may only conflict with a remote INSERT. If the conflict 
+**   This may only conflict with a remote INSERT. If the conflict
 **   resolution was OMIT, then add an UPDATE change to the rebased
 **   changeset. Or, if the conflict resolution was REPLACE, add
 **   nothing to the rebased changeset.
@@ -10714,12 +11337,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 **   the old.* values are rebased using the new.* values in the remote
 **   change. Or, if the resolution is REPLACE, then the change is copied
 **   into the rebased changeset with updates to columns also updated by
-**   the conflicting remote UPDATE removed. If this means no columns would 
+**   the conflicting remote UPDATE removed. If this means no columns would
 **   be updated, the change is omitted.
 ** </dl>
 **
-** A local change may be rebased against multiple remote changes 
-** simultaneously. If a single key is modified by multiple remote 
+** A local change may be rebased against multiple remote changes
+** simultaneously. If a single key is modified by multiple remote
 ** changesets, they are combined as follows before the local changeset
 ** is rebased:
 **
@@ -10732,10 +11355,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 **         of the OMIT resolutions.
 ** </ul>
 **
-** Note that conflict resolutions from multiple remote changesets are 
-** combined on a per-field basis, not per-row. This means that in the 
-** case of multiple remote UPDATE operations, some fields of a single 
-** local change may be rebased for REPLACE while others are rebased for 
+** Note that conflict resolutions from multiple remote changesets are
+** combined on a per-field basis, not per-row. This means that in the
+** case of multiple remote UPDATE operations, some fields of a single
+** local change may be rebased for REPLACE while others are rebased for
 ** OMIT.
 **
 ** In order to rebase a local changeset, the remote changeset must first
@@ -10743,7 +11366,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 ** the buffer of rebase information captured. Then:
 **
 ** <ol>
-**   <li> An sqlite3_rebaser object is created by calling 
+**   <li> An sqlite3_rebaser object is created by calling
 **        sqlite3rebaser_create().
 **   <li> The new object is configured with the rebase buffer obtained from
 **        sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() by calling sqlite3rebaser_configure().
@@ -10764,8 +11387,8 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_rebaser sqlite3_rebaser;
 **
 ** Allocate a new changeset rebaser object. If successful, set (*ppNew) to
 ** point to the new object and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, if an error
-** occurs, return an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) and set (*ppNew) 
-** to NULL. 
+** occurs, return an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) and set (*ppNew)
+** to NULL.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_create(sqlite3_rebaser **ppNew);
 
@@ -10779,9 +11402,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_create(sqlite3_rebaser **ppNew);
 ** sqlite3changeset_apply_v2().
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_configure(
-  sqlite3_rebaser*, 
+  sqlite3_rebaser*,
   int nRebase, const void *pRebase
-); 
+);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Rebase a changeset
@@ -10789,9 +11412,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_configure(
 **
 ** Argument pIn must point to a buffer containing a changeset nIn bytes
 ** in size. This function allocates and populates a buffer with a copy
-** of the changeset rebased rebased according to the configuration of the
+** of the changeset rebased according to the configuration of the
 ** rebaser object passed as the first argument. If successful, (*ppOut)
-** is set to point to the new buffer containing the rebased changset and 
+** is set to point to the new buffer containing the rebased changeset and
 ** (*pnOut) to its size in bytes and SQLITE_OK returned. It is the
 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the new buffer using
 ** sqlite3_free(). Otherwise, if an error occurs, (*ppOut) and (*pnOut)
@@ -10799,8 +11422,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_configure(
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase(
   sqlite3_rebaser*,
-  int nIn, const void *pIn, 
-  int *pnOut, void **ppOut 
+  int nIn, const void *pIn,
+  int *pnOut, void **ppOut
 );
 
 /*
@@ -10811,30 +11434,30 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase(
 ** should be one call to this function for each successful invocation
 ** of sqlite3rebaser_create().
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p); 
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Streaming Versions of API functions.
 **
-** The six streaming API xxx_strm() functions serve similar purposes to the 
+** The six streaming API xxx_strm() functions serve similar purposes to the
 ** corresponding non-streaming API functions:
 **
 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
 **   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm_v2<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply_v2] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_start] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_changeset] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_patchset] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply]
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm_v2<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply_v2]
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat]
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert]
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_start]
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_changeset]
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_patchset]
 ** </table>
 **
 ** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input
-** require that the entire changeset be stored in a single buffer in memory. 
-** Similarly, those that return a changeset or patchset do so by returning 
-** a pointer to a single large buffer allocated using sqlite3_malloc(). 
-** Normally this is convenient. However, if an application running in a 
+** require that the entire changeset be stored in a single buffer in memory.
+** Similarly, those that return a changeset or patchset do so by returning
+** a pointer to a single large buffer allocated using sqlite3_malloc().
+** Normally this is convenient. However, if an application running in a
 ** low-memory environment is required to handle very large changesets, the
 ** large contiguous memory allocations required can become onerous.
 **
@@ -10856,12 +11479,12 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p);
 **  </pre>
 **
 ** Each time the xInput callback is invoked by the sessions module, the first
-** argument passed is a copy of the supplied pIn context pointer. The second 
-** argument, pData, points to a buffer (*pnData) bytes in size. Assuming no 
-** error occurs the xInput method should copy up to (*pnData) bytes of data 
-** into the buffer and set (*pnData) to the actual number of bytes copied 
-** before returning SQLITE_OK. If the input is completely exhausted, (*pnData) 
-** should be set to zero to indicate this. Or, if an error occurs, an SQLite 
+** argument passed is a copy of the supplied pIn context pointer. The second
+** argument, pData, points to a buffer (*pnData) bytes in size. Assuming no
+** error occurs the xInput method should copy up to (*pnData) bytes of data
+** into the buffer and set (*pnData) to the actual number of bytes copied
+** before returning SQLITE_OK. If the input is completely exhausted, (*pnData)
+** should be set to zero to indicate this. Or, if an error occurs, an SQLite
 ** error code should be returned. In all cases, if an xInput callback returns
 ** an error, all processing is abandoned and the streaming API function
 ** returns a copy of the error code to the caller.
@@ -10869,7 +11492,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p);
 ** In the case of sqlite3changeset_start_strm(), the xInput callback may be
 ** invoked by the sessions module at any point during the lifetime of the
 ** iterator. If such an xInput callback returns an error, the iterator enters
-** an error state, whereby all subsequent calls to iterator functions 
+** an error state, whereby all subsequent calls to iterator functions
 ** immediately fail with the same error code as returned by xInput.
 **
 ** Similarly, streaming API functions that return changesets (or patchsets)
@@ -10899,7 +11522,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p);
 ** is immediately abandoned and the streaming API function returns a copy
 ** of the xOutput error code to the application.
 **
-** The sessions module never invokes an xOutput callback with the third 
+** The sessions module never invokes an xOutput callback with the third
 ** parameter set to a value less than or equal to zero. Other than this,
 ** no guarantees are made as to the size of the chunks of data returned.
 */
@@ -10954,6 +11577,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_strm(
   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
   void *pIn
 );
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_v2_strm(
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,
+  int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
+  void *pIn,
+  int flags
+);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset_strm(
   sqlite3_session *pSession,
   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
@@ -10964,12 +11593,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset_strm(
   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
   void *pOut
 );
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*, 
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
     void *pIn
 );
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
-    int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData), 
+    int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
     void *pOut
 );
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase_strm(
@@ -10980,6 +11609,45 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase_strm(
   void *pOut
 );
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Configure global parameters
+**
+** The sqlite3session_config() interface is used to make global configuration
+** changes to the sessions module in order to tune it to the specific needs
+** of the application.
+**
+** The sqlite3session_config() interface is not threadsafe. If it is invoked
+** while any other thread is inside any other sessions method then the
+** results are undefined. Furthermore, if it is invoked after any sessions
+** related objects have been created, the results are also undefined.
+**
+** The first argument to the sqlite3session_config() function must be one
+** of the SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_XXX constants defined below. The
+** interpretation of the (void*) value passed as the second parameter and
+** the effect of calling this function depends on the value of the first
+** parameter.
+**
+** <dl>
+** <dt>SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_STRMSIZE<dd>
+**    By default, the sessions module streaming interfaces attempt to input
+**    and output data in approximately 1 KiB chunks. This operand may be used
+**    to set and query the value of this configuration setting. The pointer
+**    passed as the second argument must point to a value of type (int).
+**    If this value is greater than 0, it is used as the new streaming data
+**    chunk size for both input and output. Before returning, the (int) value
+**    pointed to by pArg is set to the final value of the streaming interface
+**    chunk size.
+** </dl>
+**
+** This function returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code
+** otherwise.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_config(int op, void *pArg);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Values for sqlite3session_config().
+*/
+#define SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_STRMSIZE 1
 
 /*
 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
@@ -11004,7 +11672,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase_strm(
 **
 ******************************************************************************
 **
-** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file, 
+** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file,
 ** FTS5 may be extended with:
 **
 **     * custom tokenizers, and
@@ -11048,19 +11716,19 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 ** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
 **
 ** xUserData(pFts):
-**   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was 
+**   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was
 **   registered with.
 **
 ** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
 **   to the total number of tokens in the FTS5 table. Or, if iCol is
 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, return
-**   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in 
+**   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in
 **   the FTS5 table.
 **
 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
-**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is 
+**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
 **   returned.
 **
 ** xColumnCount(pFts):
@@ -11074,7 +11742,7 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
-**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is 
+**   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
 **   returned.
 **
 **   This function may be quite inefficient if used with an FTS5 table
@@ -11101,8 +11769,8 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
 **
 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
-**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created 
-**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option 
+**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
+**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always returns 0.
 **
 ** xInst:
@@ -11113,15 +11781,11 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 **   Usually, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
 **   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
-**   first token of the phrase. The exception is if the table was created
-**   with the offsets=0 option specified. In this case *piOff is always
-**   set to -1.
-**
-**   Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) 
-**   if an error occurs.
+**   first token of the phrase. Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error
+**   code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
 **
 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
-**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. 
+**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
 **
 ** xRowid:
 **   Returns the rowid of the current row.
@@ -11137,11 +11801,11 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 **   with $p set to a phrase equivalent to the phrase iPhrase of the
 **   current query is executed. Any column filter that applies to
-**   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each 
-**   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument 
-**   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback 
+**   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each
+**   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument
+**   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback
 **   function may be used to access the properties of each matched row.
-**   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as 
+**   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as
 **   the third argument to pUserData.
 **
 **   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
@@ -11156,14 +11820,14 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 ** xSetAuxdata(pFts5, pAux, xDelete)
 **
-**   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension functions 
+**   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension function's
 **   "auxiliary data". The pointer may then be retrieved by the current or any
 **   future invocation of the same fts5 extension function made as part of
-**   of the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
+**   the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
 **
 **   Each extension function is allocated a single auxiliary data slot for
-**   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked 
-**   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a 
+**   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked
+**   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a
 **   single auxiliary data context.
 **
 **   If there is already an auxiliary data pointer when this function is
@@ -11174,7 +11838,7 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   The xDelete callback, if one is specified, is also invoked on the
 **   auxiliary data pointer after the FTS5 query has finished.
 **
-**   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function, an
+**   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function,
 **   the auxiliary data is set to NULL and an error code returned. If the
 **   xDelete parameter was not NULL, it is invoked on the auxiliary data
 **   pointer before returning.
@@ -11182,7 +11846,7 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 ** xGetAuxdata(pFts5, bClear)
 **
-**   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension 
+**   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension
 **   function. See the xSetAuxdata() method for details.
 **
 **   If the bClear argument is non-zero, then the auxiliary data is cleared
@@ -11202,7 +11866,7 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   method, to iterate through all instances of a single query phrase within
 **   the current row. This is the same information as is accessible via the
 **   xInstCount/xInst APIs. While the xInstCount/xInst APIs are more convenient
-**   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate 
+**   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate
 **   through instances of phrase iPhrase, use the following code:
 **
 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
@@ -11220,8 +11884,8 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() and xPhraseNextColumn() as illustrated below).
 **
 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
-**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created 
-**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option 
+**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
+**   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always iterates
 **   through an empty set (all calls to xPhraseFirst() set iCol to -1).
 **
@@ -11245,16 +11909,16 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **       }
 **
 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
-**   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either 
-**   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table), 
-**   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to 
+**   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either
+**   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table),
+**   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to
 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() set iCol to -1).
 **
 **   The information accessed using this API and its companion
 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() may also be obtained using xPhraseFirst/xPhraseNext
 **   (or xInst/xInstCount). The chief advantage of this API is that it is
 **   significantly more efficient than those alternatives when used with
-**   "detail=column" tables.  
+**   "detail=column" tables.
 **
 ** xPhraseNextColumn()
 **   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
@@ -11268,7 +11932,7 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
   int (*xRowCount)(Fts5Context*, sqlite3_int64 *pnRow);
   int (*xColumnTotalSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, sqlite3_int64 *pnToken);
 
-  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*, 
+  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*,
     const char *pText, int nText, /* Text to tokenize */
     void *pCtx,                   /* Context passed to xToken() */
     int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
@@ -11297,15 +11961,15 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
   void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
 };
 
-/* 
+/*
 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
 *************************************************************************/
 
 /*************************************************************************
 ** CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
 **
-** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer 
-** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the 
+** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer
+** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the
 ** following structure. All structure methods must be defined, setting
 ** any member of the fts5_tokenizer struct to NULL leads to undefined
 ** behaviour. The structure methods are expected to function as follows:
@@ -11316,16 +11980,16 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **
 **   The first argument passed to this function is a copy of the (void*)
 **   pointer provided by the application when the fts5_tokenizer object
-**   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()). 
+**   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()).
 **   The second and third arguments are an array of nul-terminated strings
 **   containing the tokenizer arguments, if any, specified following the
 **   tokenizer name as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement used
 **   to create the FTS5 table.
 **
-**   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut) 
+**   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut)
 **   should be set to point to the new tokenizer handle and SQLITE_OK
 **   returned. If an error occurs, some value other than SQLITE_OK should
-**   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut 
+**   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut
 **   is undefined.
 **
 ** xDelete:
@@ -11334,7 +11998,7 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **   be invoked exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().
 **
 ** xTokenize:
-**   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated 
+**   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated
 **   by argument pText. pText may or may not be nul-terminated. The first
 **   argument passed to this function is a pointer to an Fts5Tokenizer object
 **   returned by an earlier call to xCreate().
@@ -11348,8 +12012,8 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **            determine the set of tokens to add to (or delete from) the
 **            FTS index.
 **
-**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed 
-**            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize 
+**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed
+**            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize
 **            a bareword or quoted string specified as part of the query.
 **
 **       <li> <b>(FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY | FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX)</b> - Same as
@@ -11357,10 +12021,10 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **            followed by a "*" character, indicating that the last token
 **            returned by the tokenizer will be treated as a token prefix.
 **
-**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to 
+**       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to
 **            satisfy an fts5_api.xTokenize() request made by an auxiliary
 **            function. Or an fts5_api.xColumnSize() request made by the same
-**            on a columnsize=0 database.  
+**            on a columnsize=0 database.
 **   </ul>
 **
 **   For each token in the input string, the supplied callback xToken() must
@@ -11372,10 +12036,10 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **   which the token is derived within the input.
 **
 **   The second argument passed to the xToken() callback ("tflags") should
-**   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports 
+**   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports
 **   synonyms. In this case see the discussion below for details.
 **
-**   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the 
+**   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the
 **   order that they occur within the input text.
 **
 **   If an xToken() callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, then
@@ -11389,7 +12053,7 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 ** SYNONYM SUPPORT
 **
 **   Custom tokenizers may also support synonyms. Consider a case in which a
-**   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the 
+**   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the
 **   built-in tokenizers, the FTS5 query 'first + place' will match instances
 **   of "first place" within the document set, but not alternative forms
 **   such as "1st place". In some applications, it would be better to match
@@ -11398,8 +12062,8 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **
 **   There are several ways to approach this in FTS5:
 **
-**   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, the 
-**            In the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
+**   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, using
+**            the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
 **            same token for inputs "first" and "1st". Say that token is in
 **            fact "first", so that when the user inserts the document "I won
 **            1st place" entries are added to the index for tokens "i", "won",
@@ -11407,36 +12071,36 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **            the tokenizer substitutes "first" for "1st" and the query works
 **            as expected.
 **
-**       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
-**            In this case, when tokenizing query text, the tokenizer may 
-**            provide multiple synonyms for a single term within the document.
-**            FTS5 then queries the index for each synonym individually. For
-**            example, faced with the query:
+**       <li> By querying the index for all synonyms of each query term
+**            separately. In this case, when tokenizing query text, the
+**            tokenizer may provide multiple synonyms for a single term
+**            within the document. FTS5 then queries the index for each
+**            synonym individually. For example, faced with the query:
 **
 **   <codeblock>
 **     ... MATCH 'first place'</codeblock>
 **
 **            the tokenizer offers both "1st" and "first" as synonyms for the
-**            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query 
+**            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query
 **            similar to:
 **
 **   <codeblock>
 **     ... MATCH '(first OR 1st) place'</codeblock>
 **
 **            except that, for the purposes of auxiliary functions, the query
-**            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)" 
+**            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)"
 **            being treated as a single phrase.
 **
 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
 **            Using this method, when tokenizing document text, the tokenizer
-**            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a 
+**            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a
 **            document such as "I won first place" is tokenized, entries are
 **            added to the FTS index for "i", "won", "first", "1st" and
 **            "place".
 **
 **            This way, even if the tokenizer does not provide synonyms
-**            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do would be
-**            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for 
+**            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do so would be
+**            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for
 **            'first + place' or '1st + place', as there are entries in the
 **            FTS index corresponding to both forms of the first token.
 **   </ol>
@@ -11457,11 +12121,11 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **
 **   It is an error to specify the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED flag the first time
 **   xToken() is called. Multiple synonyms may be specified for a single token
-**   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence. 
+**   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence.
 **   There is no limit to the number of synonyms that may be provided for a
 **   single token.
 **
-**   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add 
+**   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add
 **   extra data to the FTS index or require FTS5 to query for multiple terms,
 **   so it is efficient in terms of disk space and query speed. However, it
 **   does not support prefix queries very well. If, as suggested above, the
@@ -11473,18 +12137,18 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 **   will not match documents that contain the token "1st" (as the tokenizer
 **   will probably not map "1s" to any prefix of "first").
 **
-**   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case, 
+**   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case,
 **   because the index contains entries for both "first" and "1st", prefix
 **   queries such as 'fi*' or '1s*' will match correctly. However, because
 **   extra entries are added to the FTS index, this method uses more space
 **   within the database.
 **
 **   Method (2) offers a midpoint between (1) and (3). Using this method,
-**   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal 
+**   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal
 **   token "1st", but not "first" (assuming the tokenizer is not able to
 **   provide synonyms for prefixes). However, a non-prefix query like '1st'
 **   will match against "1st" and "first". This method does not require
-**   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index. 
+**   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index.
 **   On the other hand, it may require more CPU cycles to run MATCH queries,
 **   as separate queries of the FTS index are required for each synonym.
 **
@@ -11498,10 +12162,10 @@ typedef struct fts5_tokenizer fts5_tokenizer;
 struct fts5_tokenizer {
   int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
   void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
-  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*, 
+  int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*,
       void *pCtx,
       int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
-      const char *pText, int nText, 
+      const char *pText, int nText,
       int (*xToken)(
         void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
         int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3.go
index b17e63430c507f74d563c7b3b13c05884c0ba479..d1ff406375672cbd27d429e1283ffc02955623a5 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 // Copyright (C) 2018 G.J.R. Timmer <gjr.timmer@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
@@ -15,10 +15,8 @@ package sqlite3
 #cgo CFLAGS: -DHAVE_USLEEP=1
 #cgo CFLAGS: -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
 #cgo CFLAGS: -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS
-#cgo CFLAGS: -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4_UNICODE61
 #cgo CFLAGS: -DSQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT=15
 #cgo CFLAGS: -DSQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-#cgo CFLAGS: -DSQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC
 #cgo CFLAGS: -DSQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS=1
 #cgo CFLAGS: -DSQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
 #cgo CFLAGS: -Wno-deprecated-declarations
@@ -78,8 +76,38 @@ _sqlite3_exec(sqlite3* db, const char* pcmd, long long* rowid, long long* change
   return rv;
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
+extern int _sqlite3_step_blocking(sqlite3_stmt *stmt);
+extern int _sqlite3_step_row_blocking(sqlite3_stmt* stmt, long long* rowid, long long* changes);
+extern int _sqlite3_prepare_v2_blocking(sqlite3 *db, const char *zSql, int nBytes, sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt, const char **pzTail);
+
+static int
+_sqlite3_step_internal(sqlite3_stmt *stmt)
+{
+  return _sqlite3_step_blocking(stmt);
+}
+
+static int
+_sqlite3_step_row_internal(sqlite3_stmt* stmt, long long* rowid, long long* changes)
+{
+  return _sqlite3_step_row_blocking(stmt, rowid, changes);
+}
+
+static int
+_sqlite3_prepare_v2_internal(sqlite3 *db, const char *zSql, int nBytes, sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt, const char **pzTail)
+{
+  return _sqlite3_prepare_v2_blocking(db, zSql, nBytes, ppStmt, pzTail);
+}
+
+#else
 static int
-_sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt* stmt, long long* rowid, long long* changes)
+_sqlite3_step_internal(sqlite3_stmt *stmt)
+{
+  return sqlite3_step(stmt);
+}
+
+static int
+_sqlite3_step_row_internal(sqlite3_stmt* stmt, long long* rowid, long long* changes)
 {
   int rv = sqlite3_step(stmt);
   sqlite3* db = sqlite3_db_handle(stmt);
@@ -88,6 +116,13 @@ _sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt* stmt, long long* rowid, long long* changes)
   return rv;
 }
 
+static int
+_sqlite3_prepare_v2_internal(sqlite3 *db, const char *zSql, int nBytes, sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt, const char **pzTail)
+{
+  return sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, nBytes, ppStmt, pzTail);
+}
+#endif
+
 void _sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context* ctx, const char* s) {
   sqlite3_result_text(ctx, s, -1, &free);
 }
@@ -146,6 +181,12 @@ static int _sqlite3_limit(sqlite3* db, int limitId, int newLimit) {
   return sqlite3_limit(db, limitId, newLimit);
 #endif
 }
+
+#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER < 3012000
+static int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3 *db) {
+  return 0;
+}
+#endif
 */
 import "C"
 import (
@@ -161,6 +202,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"syscall"
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
 )
@@ -291,7 +333,7 @@ type SQLiteRows struct {
 	decltype []string
 	cls      bool
 	closed   bool
-	done     chan struct{}
+	ctx      context.Context // no better alternative to pass context into Next() method
 }
 
 type functionInfo struct {
@@ -429,7 +471,7 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterCollation(name string, cmp func(string, string) int
 	handle := newHandle(c, cmp)
 	cname := C.CString(name)
 	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cname))
-	rv := C.sqlite3_create_collation(c.db, cname, C.SQLITE_UTF8, unsafe.Pointer(handle), (*[0]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(C.compareTrampoline)))
+	rv := C.sqlite3_create_collation(c.db, cname, C.SQLITE_UTF8, handle, (*[0]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(C.compareTrampoline)))
 	if rv != C.SQLITE_OK {
 		return c.lastError()
 	}
@@ -447,7 +489,7 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterCommitHook(callback func() int) {
 	if callback == nil {
 		C.sqlite3_commit_hook(c.db, nil, nil)
 	} else {
-		C.sqlite3_commit_hook(c.db, (*[0]byte)(C.commitHookTrampoline), unsafe.Pointer(newHandle(c, callback)))
+		C.sqlite3_commit_hook(c.db, (*[0]byte)(C.commitHookTrampoline), newHandle(c, callback))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -460,7 +502,7 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterRollbackHook(callback func()) {
 	if callback == nil {
 		C.sqlite3_rollback_hook(c.db, nil, nil)
 	} else {
-		C.sqlite3_rollback_hook(c.db, (*[0]byte)(C.rollbackHookTrampoline), unsafe.Pointer(newHandle(c, callback)))
+		C.sqlite3_rollback_hook(c.db, (*[0]byte)(C.rollbackHookTrampoline), newHandle(c, callback))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -477,7 +519,7 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterUpdateHook(callback func(int, string, string, int64
 	if callback == nil {
 		C.sqlite3_update_hook(c.db, nil, nil)
 	} else {
-		C.sqlite3_update_hook(c.db, (*[0]byte)(C.updateHookTrampoline), unsafe.Pointer(newHandle(c, callback)))
+		C.sqlite3_update_hook(c.db, (*[0]byte)(C.updateHookTrampoline), newHandle(c, callback))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -491,7 +533,7 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterAuthorizer(callback func(int, string, string, strin
 	if callback == nil {
 		C.sqlite3_set_authorizer(c.db, nil, nil)
 	} else {
-		C.sqlite3_set_authorizer(c.db, (*[0]byte)(C.authorizerTrampoline), unsafe.Pointer(newHandle(c, callback)))
+		C.sqlite3_set_authorizer(c.db, (*[0]byte)(C.authorizerTrampoline), newHandle(c, callback))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -572,8 +614,8 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterFunc(name string, impl interface{}, pure bool) erro
 	return nil
 }
 
-func sqlite3CreateFunction(db *C.sqlite3, zFunctionName *C.char, nArg C.int, eTextRep C.int, pApp uintptr, xFunc unsafe.Pointer, xStep unsafe.Pointer, xFinal unsafe.Pointer) C.int {
-	return C._sqlite3_create_function(db, zFunctionName, nArg, eTextRep, C.uintptr_t(pApp), (*[0]byte)(xFunc), (*[0]byte)(xStep), (*[0]byte)(xFinal))
+func sqlite3CreateFunction(db *C.sqlite3, zFunctionName *C.char, nArg C.int, eTextRep C.int, pApp unsafe.Pointer, xFunc unsafe.Pointer, xStep unsafe.Pointer, xFinal unsafe.Pointer) C.int {
+	return C._sqlite3_create_function(db, zFunctionName, nArg, eTextRep, C.uintptr_t(uintptr(pApp)), (*[0]byte)(xFunc), (*[0]byte)(xStep), (*[0]byte)(xFinal))
 }
 
 // RegisterAggregator makes a Go type available as a SQLite aggregation function.
@@ -646,7 +688,7 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterAggregator(name string, impl interface{}, pure bool
 		ai.stepArgConverters = append(ai.stepArgConverters, conv)
 	}
 	if step.IsVariadic() {
-		conv, err := callbackArg(t.In(start + stepNArgs).Elem())
+		conv, err := callbackArg(step.In(start + stepNArgs).Elem())
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -703,6 +745,8 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterAggregator(name string, impl interface{}, pure bool
 
 // AutoCommit return which currently auto commit or not.
 func (c *SQLiteConn) AutoCommit() bool {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
 	return int(C.sqlite3_get_autocommit(c.db)) != 0
 }
 
@@ -710,15 +754,28 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) lastError() error {
 	return lastError(c.db)
 }
 
+// Note: may be called with db == nil
 func lastError(db *C.sqlite3) error {
-	rv := C.sqlite3_errcode(db)
+	rv := C.sqlite3_errcode(db) // returns SQLITE_NOMEM if db == nil
 	if rv == C.SQLITE_OK {
 		return nil
 	}
+	extrv := C.sqlite3_extended_errcode(db)    // returns SQLITE_NOMEM if db == nil
+	errStr := C.GoString(C.sqlite3_errmsg(db)) // returns "out of memory" if db == nil
+
+	// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/system_errno.html
+	// sqlite3_system_errno is only meaningful if the error code was SQLITE_CANTOPEN,
+	// or it was SQLITE_IOERR and the extended code was not SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
+	var systemErrno syscall.Errno
+	if rv == C.SQLITE_CANTOPEN || (rv == C.SQLITE_IOERR && extrv != C.SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM) {
+		systemErrno = syscall.Errno(C.sqlite3_system_errno(db))
+	}
+
 	return Error{
 		Code:         ErrNo(rv),
-		ExtendedCode: ErrNoExtended(C.sqlite3_extended_errcode(db)),
-		err:          C.GoString(C.sqlite3_errmsg(db)),
+		ExtendedCode: ErrNoExtended(extrv),
+		SystemErrno:  systemErrno,
+		err:          errStr,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -743,20 +800,29 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) exec(ctx context.Context, query string, args []namedValue)
 		}
 		var res driver.Result
 		if s.(*SQLiteStmt).s != nil {
+			stmtArgs := make([]namedValue, 0, len(args))
 			na := s.NumInput()
-			if len(args) < na {
+			if len(args)-start < na {
 				s.Close()
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("not enough args to execute query: want %d got %d", na, len(args))
 			}
-			for i := 0; i < na; i++ {
-				args[i].Ordinal -= start
+			// consume the number of arguments used in the current
+			// statement and append all named arguments not
+			// contained therein
+			stmtArgs = append(stmtArgs, args[start:start+na]...)
+			for i := range args {
+				if (i < start || i >= na) && args[i].Name != "" {
+					stmtArgs = append(stmtArgs, args[i])
+				}
+			}
+			for i := range stmtArgs {
+				stmtArgs[i].Ordinal = i + 1
 			}
-			res, err = s.(*SQLiteStmt).exec(ctx, args[:na])
+			res, err = s.(*SQLiteStmt).exec(ctx, stmtArgs)
 			if err != nil && err != driver.ErrSkip {
 				s.Close()
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			args = args[na:]
 			start += na
 		}
 		tail := s.(*SQLiteStmt).t
@@ -789,24 +855,33 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) Query(query string, args []driver.Value) (driver.Rows, erro
 func (c *SQLiteConn) query(ctx context.Context, query string, args []namedValue) (driver.Rows, error) {
 	start := 0
 	for {
+		stmtArgs := make([]namedValue, 0, len(args))
 		s, err := c.prepare(ctx, query)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		s.(*SQLiteStmt).cls = true
 		na := s.NumInput()
-		if len(args) < na {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("not enough args to execute query: want %d got %d", na, len(args))
+		if len(args)-start < na {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("not enough args to execute query: want %d got %d", na, len(args)-start)
+		}
+		// consume the number of arguments used in the current
+		// statement and append all named arguments not contained
+		// therein
+		stmtArgs = append(stmtArgs, args[start:start+na]...)
+		for i := range args {
+			if (i < start || i >= na) && args[i].Name != "" {
+				stmtArgs = append(stmtArgs, args[i])
+			}
 		}
-		for i := 0; i < na; i++ {
-			args[i].Ordinal -= start
+		for i := range stmtArgs {
+			stmtArgs[i].Ordinal = i + 1
 		}
-		rows, err := s.(*SQLiteStmt).query(ctx, args[:na])
+		rows, err := s.(*SQLiteStmt).query(ctx, stmtArgs)
 		if err != nil && err != driver.ErrSkip {
 			s.Close()
 			return rows, err
 		}
-		args = args[na:]
 		start += na
 		tail := s.(*SQLiteStmt).t
 		if tail == "" {
@@ -830,10 +905,6 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) begin(ctx context.Context) (driver.Tx, error) {
 	return &SQLiteTx{c}, nil
 }
 
-func errorString(err Error) string {
-	return C.GoString(C.sqlite3_errstr(C.int(err.Code)))
-}
-
 // Open database and return a new connection.
 //
 // A pragma can take either zero or one argument.
@@ -858,7 +929,7 @@ func errorString(err Error) string {
 //      - rwc
 //      - memory
 //
-//   shared
+//   cache
 //     SQLite Shared-Cache Mode
 //     https://www.sqlite.org/sharedcache.html
 //     Values:
@@ -961,13 +1032,15 @@ func (d *SQLiteDriver) Open(dsn string) (driver.Conn, error) {
 	deferForeignKeys := -1
 	foreignKeys := -1
 	ignoreCheckConstraints := -1
-	journalMode := "DELETE"
+	var journalMode string
 	lockingMode := "NORMAL"
 	queryOnly := -1
 	recursiveTriggers := -1
 	secureDelete := "DEFAULT"
 	synchronousMode := "NORMAL"
 	writableSchema := -1
+	vfsName := ""
+	var cacheSize *int64
 
 	pos := strings.IndexRune(dsn, '?')
 	if pos >= 1 {
@@ -1193,7 +1266,7 @@ func (d *SQLiteDriver) Open(dsn string) (driver.Conn, error) {
 		if _, ok := params["_locking"]; ok {
 			pkey = "_locking"
 		}
-		if val := params.Get("_locking"); val != "" {
+		if val := params.Get(pkey); val != "" {
 			switch strings.ToUpper(val) {
 			case "NORMAL", "EXCLUSIVE":
 				lockingMode = strings.ToUpper(val)
@@ -1291,6 +1364,22 @@ func (d *SQLiteDriver) Open(dsn string) (driver.Conn, error) {
 			}
 		}
 
+		// Cache size (_cache_size)
+		//
+		// https://sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_cache_size
+		//
+		if val := params.Get("_cache_size"); val != "" {
+			iv, err := strconv.ParseInt(val, 10, 64)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("Invalid _cache_size: %v: %v", val, err)
+			}
+			cacheSize = &iv
+		}
+
+		if val := params.Get("vfs"); val != "" {
+			vfsName = val
+		}
+
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(dsn, "file:") {
 			dsn = dsn[:pos]
 		}
@@ -1299,11 +1388,22 @@ func (d *SQLiteDriver) Open(dsn string) (driver.Conn, error) {
 	var db *C.sqlite3
 	name := C.CString(dsn)
 	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(name))
+	var vfs *C.char
+	if vfsName != "" {
+		vfs = C.CString(vfsName)
+		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(vfs))
+	}
 	rv := C._sqlite3_open_v2(name, &db,
 		mutex|C.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|C.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE,
-		nil)
+		vfs)
 	if rv != 0 {
-		return nil, Error{Code: ErrNo(rv)}
+		// Save off the error _before_ closing the database.
+		// This is safe even if db is nil.
+		err := lastError(db)
+		if db != nil {
+			C.sqlite3_close_v2(db)
+		}
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	if db == nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("sqlite succeeded without returning a database")
@@ -1339,7 +1439,7 @@ func (d *SQLiteDriver) Open(dsn string) (driver.Conn, error) {
 	//  - Activate User Authentication
 	//		Check if the user wants to activate User Authentication.
 	//		If so then first create a temporary AuthConn to the database
-	//		This is possible because we are already succesfully authenticated.
+	//		This is possible because we are already successfully authenticated.
 	//
 	//	- Check if `sqlite_user`` table exists
 	//		YES				=> Add the provided user from DSN as Admin User and
@@ -1350,7 +1450,7 @@ func (d *SQLiteDriver) Open(dsn string) (driver.Conn, error) {
 	// Create connection to SQLite
 	conn := &SQLiteConn{db: db, loc: loc, txlock: txlock}
 
-	// Password Cipher has to be registerd before authentication
+	// Password Cipher has to be registered before authentication
 	if len(authCrypt) > 0 {
 		switch strings.ToUpper(authCrypt) {
 		case "SHA1":
@@ -1480,10 +1580,10 @@ func (d *SQLiteDriver) Open(dsn string) (driver.Conn, error) {
 		// Before going any further, we need to check that the user
 		// has provided an username and password within the DSN.
 		// We are not allowed to continue.
-		if len(authUser) < 0 {
+		if len(authUser) == 0 {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Missing '_auth_user' while user authentication was requested with '_auth'")
 		}
-		if len(authPass) < 0 {
+		if len(authPass) == 0 {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Missing '_auth_pass' while user authentication was requested with '_auth'")
 		}
 
@@ -1529,10 +1629,11 @@ func (d *SQLiteDriver) Open(dsn string) (driver.Conn, error) {
 	}
 
 	// Journal Mode
-	// Because default Journal Mode is DELETE this PRAGMA can always be executed.
-	if err := exec(fmt.Sprintf("PRAGMA journal_mode = %s;", journalMode)); err != nil {
-		C.sqlite3_close_v2(db)
-		return nil, err
+	if journalMode != "" {
+		if err := exec(fmt.Sprintf("PRAGMA journal_mode = %s;", journalMode)); err != nil {
+			C.sqlite3_close_v2(db)
+			return nil, err
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Locking Mode
@@ -1587,6 +1688,14 @@ func (d *SQLiteDriver) Open(dsn string) (driver.Conn, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Cache Size
+	if cacheSize != nil {
+		if err := exec(fmt.Sprintf("PRAGMA cache_size = %d;", *cacheSize)); err != nil {
+			C.sqlite3_close_v2(db)
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
 	if len(d.Extensions) > 0 {
 		if err := conn.loadExtensions(d.Extensions); err != nil {
 			conn.Close()
@@ -1637,7 +1746,7 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) prepare(ctx context.Context, query string) (driver.Stmt, er
 	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(pquery))
 	var s *C.sqlite3_stmt
 	var tail *C.char
-	rv := C.sqlite3_prepare_v2(c.db, pquery, -1, &s, &tail)
+	rv := C._sqlite3_prepare_v2_internal(c.db, pquery, C.int(-1), &s, &tail)
 	if rv != C.SQLITE_OK {
 		return nil, c.lastError()
 	}
@@ -1681,7 +1790,7 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) GetFilename(schemaName string) string {
 // GetLimit returns the current value of a run-time limit.
 // See: sqlite3_limit, http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/limit.html
 func (c *SQLiteConn) GetLimit(id int) int {
-	return int(C._sqlite3_limit(c.db, C.int(id), -1))
+	return int(C._sqlite3_limit(c.db, C.int(id), C.int(-1)))
 }
 
 // SetLimit changes the value of a run-time limits.
@@ -1716,11 +1825,6 @@ func (s *SQLiteStmt) NumInput() int {
 	return int(C.sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(s.s))
 }
 
-type bindArg struct {
-	n int
-	v driver.Value
-}
-
 var placeHolder = []byte{0}
 
 func (s *SQLiteStmt) bind(args []namedValue) error {
@@ -1729,52 +1833,63 @@ func (s *SQLiteStmt) bind(args []namedValue) error {
 		return s.c.lastError()
 	}
 
+	bindIndices := make([][3]int, len(args))
+	prefixes := []string{":", "@", "$"}
 	for i, v := range args {
+		bindIndices[i][0] = args[i].Ordinal
 		if v.Name != "" {
-			cname := C.CString(":" + v.Name)
-			args[i].Ordinal = int(C.sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(s.s, cname))
-			C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cname))
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, arg := range args {
-		n := C.int(arg.Ordinal)
-		switch v := arg.Value.(type) {
-		case nil:
-			rv = C.sqlite3_bind_null(s.s, n)
-		case string:
-			if len(v) == 0 {
-				rv = C._sqlite3_bind_text(s.s, n, (*C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(&placeHolder[0])), C.int(0))
-			} else {
-				b := []byte(v)
-				rv = C._sqlite3_bind_text(s.s, n, (*C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(&b[0])), C.int(len(b)))
+			for j := range prefixes {
+				cname := C.CString(prefixes[j] + v.Name)
+				bindIndices[i][j] = int(C.sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(s.s, cname))
+				C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cname))
 			}
-		case int64:
-			rv = C.sqlite3_bind_int64(s.s, n, C.sqlite3_int64(v))
-		case bool:
-			if v {
-				rv = C.sqlite3_bind_int(s.s, n, 1)
-			} else {
-				rv = C.sqlite3_bind_int(s.s, n, 0)
+			args[i].Ordinal = bindIndices[i][0]
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i, arg := range args {
+		for j := range bindIndices[i] {
+			if bindIndices[i][j] == 0 {
+				continue
 			}
-		case float64:
-			rv = C.sqlite3_bind_double(s.s, n, C.double(v))
-		case []byte:
-			if v == nil {
+			n := C.int(bindIndices[i][j])
+			switch v := arg.Value.(type) {
+			case nil:
 				rv = C.sqlite3_bind_null(s.s, n)
-			} else {
-				ln := len(v)
-				if ln == 0 {
-					v = placeHolder
+			case string:
+				if len(v) == 0 {
+					rv = C._sqlite3_bind_text(s.s, n, (*C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(&placeHolder[0])), C.int(0))
+				} else {
+					b := []byte(v)
+					rv = C._sqlite3_bind_text(s.s, n, (*C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(&b[0])), C.int(len(b)))
 				}
-				rv = C._sqlite3_bind_blob(s.s, n, unsafe.Pointer(&v[0]), C.int(ln))
+			case int64:
+				rv = C.sqlite3_bind_int64(s.s, n, C.sqlite3_int64(v))
+			case bool:
+				if v {
+					rv = C.sqlite3_bind_int(s.s, n, 1)
+				} else {
+					rv = C.sqlite3_bind_int(s.s, n, 0)
+				}
+			case float64:
+				rv = C.sqlite3_bind_double(s.s, n, C.double(v))
+			case []byte:
+				if v == nil {
+					rv = C.sqlite3_bind_null(s.s, n)
+				} else {
+					ln := len(v)
+					if ln == 0 {
+						v = placeHolder
+					}
+					rv = C._sqlite3_bind_blob(s.s, n, unsafe.Pointer(&v[0]), C.int(ln))
+				}
+			case time.Time:
+				b := []byte(v.Format(SQLiteTimestampFormats[0]))
+				rv = C._sqlite3_bind_text(s.s, n, (*C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(&b[0])), C.int(len(b)))
+			}
+			if rv != C.SQLITE_OK {
+				return s.c.lastError()
 			}
-		case time.Time:
-			b := []byte(v.Format(SQLiteTimestampFormats[0]))
-			rv = C._sqlite3_bind_text(s.s, n, (*C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(&b[0])), C.int(len(b)))
-		}
-		if rv != C.SQLITE_OK {
-			return s.c.lastError()
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -1804,28 +1919,13 @@ func (s *SQLiteStmt) query(ctx context.Context, args []namedValue) (driver.Rows,
 		decltype: nil,
 		cls:      s.cls,
 		closed:   false,
-		done:     make(chan struct{}),
-	}
-
-	if ctxdone := ctx.Done(); ctxdone != nil {
-		go func(db *C.sqlite3) {
-			select {
-			case <-ctxdone:
-				select {
-				case <-rows.done:
-				default:
-					C.sqlite3_interrupt(db)
-					rows.Close()
-				}
-			case <-rows.done:
-			}
-		}(s.c.db)
+		ctx:      ctx,
 	}
 
 	return rows, nil
 }
 
-// LastInsertId teturn last inserted ID.
+// LastInsertId return last inserted ID.
 func (r *SQLiteResult) LastInsertId() (int64, error) {
 	return r.id, nil
 }
@@ -1847,31 +1947,56 @@ func (s *SQLiteStmt) Exec(args []driver.Value) (driver.Result, error) {
 	return s.exec(context.Background(), list)
 }
 
+func isInterruptErr(err error) bool {
+	sqliteErr, ok := err.(Error)
+	if ok {
+		return sqliteErr.Code == ErrInterrupt
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// exec executes a query that doesn't return rows. Attempts to honor context timeout.
 func (s *SQLiteStmt) exec(ctx context.Context, args []namedValue) (driver.Result, error) {
+	if ctx.Done() == nil {
+		return s.execSync(args)
+	}
+
+	type result struct {
+		r   driver.Result
+		err error
+	}
+	resultCh := make(chan result)
+	go func() {
+		r, err := s.execSync(args)
+		resultCh <- result{r, err}
+	}()
+	var rv result
+	select {
+	case rv = <-resultCh:
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		select {
+		case rv = <-resultCh: // no need to interrupt, operation completed in db
+		default:
+			// this is still racy and can be no-op if executed between sqlite3_* calls in execSync.
+			C.sqlite3_interrupt(s.c.db)
+			rv = <-resultCh // wait for goroutine completed
+			if isInterruptErr(rv.err) {
+				return nil, ctx.Err()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return rv.r, rv.err
+}
+
+func (s *SQLiteStmt) execSync(args []namedValue) (driver.Result, error) {
 	if err := s.bind(args); err != nil {
 		C.sqlite3_reset(s.s)
 		C.sqlite3_clear_bindings(s.s)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if ctxdone := ctx.Done(); ctxdone != nil {
-		done := make(chan struct{})
-		defer close(done)
-		go func(db *C.sqlite3) {
-			select {
-			case <-done:
-			case <-ctxdone:
-				select {
-				case <-done:
-				default:
-					C.sqlite3_interrupt(db)
-				}
-			}
-		}(s.c.db)
-	}
-
 	var rowid, changes C.longlong
-	rv := C._sqlite3_step(s.s, &rowid, &changes)
+	rv := C._sqlite3_step_row_internal(s.s, &rowid, &changes)
 	if rv != C.SQLITE_ROW && rv != C.SQLITE_OK && rv != C.SQLITE_DONE {
 		err := s.c.lastError()
 		C.sqlite3_reset(s.s)
@@ -1890,9 +2015,6 @@ func (rc *SQLiteRows) Close() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 	rc.closed = true
-	if rc.done != nil {
-		close(rc.done)
-	}
 	if rc.cls {
 		rc.s.mu.Unlock()
 		return rc.s.Close()
@@ -1936,14 +2058,40 @@ func (rc *SQLiteRows) DeclTypes() []string {
 	return rc.declTypes()
 }
 
-// Next move cursor to next.
+// Next move cursor to next. Attempts to honor context timeout from QueryContext call.
 func (rc *SQLiteRows) Next(dest []driver.Value) error {
 	rc.s.mu.Lock()
 	defer rc.s.mu.Unlock()
+
 	if rc.s.closed {
 		return io.EOF
 	}
-	rv := C.sqlite3_step(rc.s.s)
+
+	if rc.ctx.Done() == nil {
+		return rc.nextSyncLocked(dest)
+	}
+	resultCh := make(chan error)
+	go func() {
+		resultCh <- rc.nextSyncLocked(dest)
+	}()
+	select {
+	case err := <-resultCh:
+		return err
+	case <-rc.ctx.Done():
+		select {
+		case <-resultCh: // no need to interrupt
+		default:
+			// this is still racy and can be no-op if executed between sqlite3_* calls in nextSyncLocked.
+			C.sqlite3_interrupt(rc.s.c.db)
+			<-resultCh // ensure goroutine completed
+		}
+		return rc.ctx.Err()
+	}
+}
+
+// nextSyncLocked moves cursor to next; must be called with locked mutex.
+func (rc *SQLiteRows) nextSyncLocked(dest []driver.Value) error {
+	rv := C._sqlite3_step_internal(rc.s.s)
 	if rv == C.SQLITE_DONE {
 		return io.EOF
 	}
@@ -1987,16 +2135,11 @@ func (rc *SQLiteRows) Next(dest []driver.Value) error {
 		case C.SQLITE_BLOB:
 			p := C.sqlite3_column_blob(rc.s.s, C.int(i))
 			if p == nil {
-				dest[i] = nil
+				dest[i] = []byte{}
 				continue
 			}
-			n := int(C.sqlite3_column_bytes(rc.s.s, C.int(i)))
-			switch dest[i].(type) {
-			default:
-				slice := make([]byte, n)
-				copy(slice[:], (*[1 << 30]byte)(p)[0:n])
-				dest[i] = slice
-			}
+			n := C.sqlite3_column_bytes(rc.s.s, C.int(i))
+			dest[i] = C.GoBytes(p, n)
 		case C.SQLITE_NULL:
 			dest[i] = nil
 		case C.SQLITE_TEXT:
@@ -2025,9 +2168,8 @@ func (rc *SQLiteRows) Next(dest []driver.Value) error {
 				}
 				dest[i] = t
 			default:
-				dest[i] = []byte(s)
+				dest[i] = s
 			}
-
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_context.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_context.go
index 78ced188fb41d4f2979dfff2cb4377ea30d684f4..90800feeb34a51e60b762f3e06559946ecaf5e8d 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_context.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_context.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_func_crypt.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_func_crypt.go
index d397c8cfe6682d48c6bda30c3e5e4b6dd8b887ec..afd93333d737de780fa7cece697aa4ce096bc5a3 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_func_crypt.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_func_crypt.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 // This file provides several different implementations for the
 // default embedded sqlite_crypt function.
-// This function is uses a ceasar-cypher by default
+// This function is uses a caesar-cypher by default
 // and is used within the UserAuthentication module to encode
 // the password.
 //
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ import (
 // password X, sqlite_crypt(X,NULL) is run.  A new random salt is selected
 // when the second argument is NULL.
 //
-// The built-in version of of sqlite_crypt() uses a simple Ceasar-cypher
+// The built-in version of of sqlite_crypt() uses a simple Caesar-cypher
 // which prevents passwords from being revealed by searching the raw database
 // for ASCII text, but is otherwise trivally broken.  For better password
 // security, the database should be encrypted using the SQLite Encryption
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_go18.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_go18.go
index 43e6418808d00deffed229d7de0d459488408679..bd97cb87465de56901882671831cb14d8bcd5730 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_go18.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_go18.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ package sqlite3
 
 import (
 	"database/sql/driver"
-	"errors"
 
 	"context"
 )
@@ -18,7 +17,8 @@ import (
 // Ping implement Pinger.
 func (c *SQLiteConn) Ping(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if c.db == nil {
-		return errors.New("Connection was closed")
+		// must be ErrBadConn for sql to close the database
+		return driver.ErrBadConn
 	}
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_libsqlite3.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_libsqlite3.go
index 26af573d64e10efbeefd73788a3ec7791719e0a0..e428fe675d0ae5bcd55322b72a602ae5b630d784 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_libsqlite3.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_libsqlite3.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ package sqlite3
 #cgo CFLAGS: -DUSE_LIBSQLITE3
 #cgo linux LDFLAGS: -lsqlite3
 #cgo darwin LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib -lsqlite3
+#cgo darwin CFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/sqlite/include
 #cgo openbsd LDFLAGS: -lsqlite3
 #cgo solaris LDFLAGS: -lsqlite3
+#cgo windows LDFLAGS: -lsqlite3
 */
 import "C"
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_load_extension.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_load_extension.go
index e73982ad7997bc60ad369396e7f0d7e789a8eeba..f2418196f68607deaeaf30fd50b0c031cbefd852 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_load_extension.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_load_extension.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
@@ -28,12 +28,9 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) loadExtensions(extensions []string) error {
 	}
 
 	for _, extension := range extensions {
-		cext := C.CString(extension)
-		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cext))
-		rv = C.sqlite3_load_extension(c.db, cext, nil, nil)
-		if rv != C.SQLITE_OK {
+		if err := c.loadExtension(extension, nil); err != nil {
 			C.sqlite3_enable_load_extension(c.db, 0)
-			return errors.New(C.GoString(C.sqlite3_errmsg(c.db)))
+			return err
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -41,6 +38,7 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) loadExtensions(extensions []string) error {
 	if rv != C.SQLITE_OK {
 		return errors.New(C.GoString(C.sqlite3_errmsg(c.db)))
 	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -51,19 +49,35 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) LoadExtension(lib string, entry string) error {
 		return errors.New(C.GoString(C.sqlite3_errmsg(c.db)))
 	}
 
-	clib := C.CString(lib)
-	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(clib))
-	centry := C.CString(entry)
-	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(centry))
+	if err := c.loadExtension(lib, &entry); err != nil {
+		C.sqlite3_enable_load_extension(c.db, 0)
+		return err
+	}
 
-	rv = C.sqlite3_load_extension(c.db, clib, centry, nil)
+	rv = C.sqlite3_enable_load_extension(c.db, 0)
 	if rv != C.SQLITE_OK {
 		return errors.New(C.GoString(C.sqlite3_errmsg(c.db)))
 	}
 
-	rv = C.sqlite3_enable_load_extension(c.db, 0)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *SQLiteConn) loadExtension(lib string, entry *string) error {
+	clib := C.CString(lib)
+	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(clib))
+
+	var centry *C.char
+	if entry != nil {
+		centry = C.CString(*entry)
+		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(centry))
+	}
+
+	var errMsg *C.char
+	defer C.sqlite3_free(unsafe.Pointer(errMsg))
+
+	rv := C.sqlite3_load_extension(c.db, clib, centry, &errMsg)
 	if rv != C.SQLITE_OK {
-		return errors.New(C.GoString(C.sqlite3_errmsg(c.db)))
+		return errors.New(C.GoString(errMsg))
 	}
 
 	return nil
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_load_extension_omit.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_load_extension_omit.go
index 7ea32945f5fb3c5f9c297ed9705b0bd7835103f2..8c75f9bda27413a90645bdbfd70b59e0417c8e7f 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_load_extension_omit.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_load_extension_omit.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_allow_uri_authority.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_allow_uri_authority.go
index c92e8177e06e0ca12a04db3fbd491fbde554da65..8c4d4d20d179dc94faed3651800fdf4f2ccd4d6f 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_allow_uri_authority.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_allow_uri_authority.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 // Copyright (C) 2018 G.J.R. Timmer <gjr.timmer@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_app_armor.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_app_armor.go
index 89947cd22bf21a6c370bcf2ac29ea1feaaebc547..63c80cfea7d7b1fcc88cc3aa5ec9d2e4821c54b6 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_app_armor.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_app_armor.go
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 // Copyright (C) 2018 G.J.R. Timmer <gjr.timmer@gmail.com>.
-
+//
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_foreign_keys.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_foreign_keys.go
index fd4f5a77ee71794da8242e29197fc6c1bff1dbb9..a676e097a36024b820ca20e53086514b232ac6e1 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_foreign_keys.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_foreign_keys.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 // Copyright (C) 2018 G.J.R. Timmer <gjr.timmer@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_fts5.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_fts5.go
index fa9840098ef960118d88ac06f4e87abb1780f825..0f38df75d5ed6bf29c866703f8c9ef2a59b745ef 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_fts5.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_fts5.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_icu.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_icu.go
index 000777f868f91712417ca84acf6f41daf78b35fe..8257a75bf7900a67ac750f203d8ad3dcf7426f19 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_icu.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_icu.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_introspect.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_introspect.go
index 10d443390293dc14da82a9e64a95f10aaed472cb..6512b2b3b58e578ddeea7ba9d17ee56fe7bfd5a2 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_introspect.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_introspect.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 // Copyright (C) 2018 G.J.R. Timmer <gjr.timmer@gmail.com>.
 
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_json1.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_json1.go
index 47d35998e6c6625d411c4eee93f22dfdee736f08..7cfce76326d76f55883374290c71d40220a617a0 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_json1.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_json1.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_preupdate.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_preupdate.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cea032e3e0a7ea96a89f5e96200f91e012531b6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_preupdate.go
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019 G.J.R. Timmer <gjr.timmer@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2018 segment.com <friends@segment.com>
+//
+// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build cgo
+
+package sqlite3
+
+// SQLitePreUpdateData represents all of the data available during a
+// pre-update hook call.
+type SQLitePreUpdateData struct {
+	Conn         *SQLiteConn
+	Op           int
+	DatabaseName string
+	TableName    string
+	OldRowID     int64
+	NewRowID     int64
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_preupdate_hook.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_preupdate_hook.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db7a66621983d48fc88f57ab45af6ba243cd5841
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_preupdate_hook.go
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019 G.J.R. Timmer <gjr.timmer@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2018 segment.com <friends@segment.com>
+//
+// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build sqlite_preupdate_hook
+
+package sqlite3
+
+/*
+#cgo CFLAGS: -DSQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
+#cgo LDFLAGS: -lm
+
+#ifndef USE_LIBSQLITE3
+#include <sqlite3-binding.h>
+#else
+#include <sqlite3.h>
+#endif
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+void preUpdateHookTrampoline(void*, sqlite3 *, int, char *, char *, sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64);
+*/
+import "C"
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+// RegisterPreUpdateHook sets the pre-update hook for a connection.
+//
+// The callback is passed a SQLitePreUpdateData struct with the data for
+// the update, as well as methods for fetching copies of impacted data.
+//
+// If there is an existing update hook for this connection, it will be
+// removed. If callback is nil the existing hook (if any) will be removed
+// without creating a new one.
+func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterPreUpdateHook(callback func(SQLitePreUpdateData)) {
+	if callback == nil {
+		C.sqlite3_preupdate_hook(c.db, nil, nil)
+	} else {
+		C.sqlite3_preupdate_hook(c.db, (*[0]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(C.preUpdateHookTrampoline)), unsafe.Pointer(newHandle(c, callback)))
+	}
+}
+
+// Depth returns the source path of the write, see sqlite3_preupdate_depth()
+func (d *SQLitePreUpdateData) Depth() int {
+	return int(C.sqlite3_preupdate_depth(d.Conn.db))
+}
+
+// Count returns the number of columns in the row
+func (d *SQLitePreUpdateData) Count() int {
+	return int(C.sqlite3_preupdate_count(d.Conn.db))
+}
+
+func (d *SQLitePreUpdateData) row(dest []interface{}, new bool) error {
+	for i := 0; i < d.Count() && i < len(dest); i++ {
+		var val *C.sqlite3_value
+		var src interface{}
+
+		// Initially I tried making this just a function pointer argument, but
+		// it's absurdly complicated to pass C function pointers.
+		if new {
+			C.sqlite3_preupdate_new(d.Conn.db, C.int(i), &val)
+		} else {
+			C.sqlite3_preupdate_old(d.Conn.db, C.int(i), &val)
+		}
+
+		switch C.sqlite3_value_type(val) {
+		case C.SQLITE_INTEGER:
+			src = int64(C.sqlite3_value_int64(val))
+		case C.SQLITE_FLOAT:
+			src = float64(C.sqlite3_value_double(val))
+		case C.SQLITE_BLOB:
+			len := C.sqlite3_value_bytes(val)
+			blobptr := C.sqlite3_value_blob(val)
+			src = C.GoBytes(blobptr, len)
+		case C.SQLITE_TEXT:
+			len := C.sqlite3_value_bytes(val)
+			cstrptr := unsafe.Pointer(C.sqlite3_value_text(val))
+			src = C.GoBytes(cstrptr, len)
+		case C.SQLITE_NULL:
+			src = nil
+		}
+
+		err := convertAssign(&dest[i], src)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Old populates dest with the row data to be replaced. This works similar to
+// database/sql's Rows.Scan()
+func (d *SQLitePreUpdateData) Old(dest ...interface{}) error {
+	if d.Op == SQLITE_INSERT {
+		return errors.New("There is no old row for INSERT operations")
+	}
+	return d.row(dest, false)
+}
+
+// New populates dest with the replacement row data. This works similar to
+// database/sql's Rows.Scan()
+func (d *SQLitePreUpdateData) New(dest ...interface{}) error {
+	if d.Op == SQLITE_DELETE {
+		return errors.New("There is no new row for DELETE operations")
+	}
+	return d.row(dest, true)
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_preupdate_omit.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_preupdate_omit.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8df453dea343ce761ee8697a9b28f0365d117402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_preupdate_omit.go
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019 G.J.R. Timmer <gjr.timmer@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2018 segment.com <friends@segment.com>
+//
+// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build !sqlite_preupdate_hook,cgo
+
+package sqlite3
+
+// RegisterPreUpdateHook sets the pre-update hook for a connection.
+//
+// The callback is passed a SQLitePreUpdateData struct with the data for
+// the update, as well as methods for fetching copies of impacted data.
+//
+// If there is an existing update hook for this connection, it will be
+// removed. If callback is nil the existing hook (if any) will be removed
+// without creating a new one.
+func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterPreUpdateHook(callback func(SQLitePreUpdateData)) {
+	// NOOP
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_secure_delete.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_secure_delete.go
index 0e2f280d8f9bc4458ed73ec2933ff0f58f247224..934fa6b8e038e656eadb103b3143a2569d83317c 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_secure_delete.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_secure_delete.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 // Copyright (C) 2018 G.J.R. Timmer <gjr.timmer@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_secure_delete_fast.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_secure_delete_fast.go
index 8f86b21c9d062b283aec018ab83a1c98f3627dc6..b0de130ffbbf505887d4e4152481e5d74e2b9cbd 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_secure_delete_fast.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_secure_delete_fast.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 // Copyright (C) 2018 G.J.R. Timmer <gjr.timmer@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_stat4.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_stat4.go
index 3a34c1297b48a300763cef14bdbbcc47cd4ff0c4..d4d30f0dd69b6c0385b1ad1e66a5d716a1380246 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_stat4.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_stat4.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 // Copyright (C) 2018 G.J.R. Timmer <gjr.timmer@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_unlock_notify.c b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_unlock_notify.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1af1726b44898ae00e37c64d4ea57a8387fa473b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_unlock_notify.c
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+//
+// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sqlite3-binding.h>
+
+extern int unlock_notify_wait(sqlite3 *db);
+
+int
+_sqlite3_step_blocking(sqlite3_stmt *stmt)
+{
+  int rv;
+  sqlite3* db;
+
+  db = sqlite3_db_handle(stmt);
+  for (;;) {
+    rv = sqlite3_step(stmt);
+    if (rv != SQLITE_LOCKED) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if (sqlite3_extended_errcode(db) != SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE) {
+      break;
+    }
+    rv = unlock_notify_wait(db);
+    if (rv != SQLITE_OK) {
+      break;
+    }
+    sqlite3_reset(stmt);
+  }
+
+  return rv;
+}
+
+int
+_sqlite3_step_row_blocking(sqlite3_stmt* stmt, long long* rowid, long long* changes)
+{
+  int rv;
+  sqlite3* db;
+
+  db = sqlite3_db_handle(stmt);
+  for (;;) {
+    rv = sqlite3_step(stmt);
+    if (rv!=SQLITE_LOCKED) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if (sqlite3_extended_errcode(db) != SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE) {
+      break;
+    }
+    rv = unlock_notify_wait(db);
+    if (rv != SQLITE_OK) {
+      break;
+    }
+    sqlite3_reset(stmt);
+  }
+
+  *rowid = (long long) sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(db);
+  *changes = (long long) sqlite3_changes(db);
+  return rv;
+}
+
+int
+_sqlite3_prepare_v2_blocking(sqlite3 *db, const char *zSql, int nBytes, sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt, const char **pzTail)
+{
+  int rv;
+
+  for (;;) {
+    rv = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, nBytes, ppStmt, pzTail);
+    if (rv!=SQLITE_LOCKED) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if (sqlite3_extended_errcode(db) != SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE) {
+      break;
+    }
+    rv = unlock_notify_wait(db);
+    if (rv != SQLITE_OK) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rv;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_unlock_notify.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_unlock_notify.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43f53e807cbb09571f0d8ce20c7e5a4d7af792e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_unlock_notify.go
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+//
+// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// +build cgo
+// +build sqlite_unlock_notify
+
+package sqlite3
+
+/*
+#cgo CFLAGS: -DSQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sqlite3-binding.h>
+
+extern void unlock_notify_callback(void *arg, int argc);
+*/
+import "C"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"sync"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+type unlock_notify_table struct {
+	sync.Mutex
+	seqnum uint
+	table  map[uint]chan struct{}
+}
+
+var unt unlock_notify_table = unlock_notify_table{table: make(map[uint]chan struct{})}
+
+func (t *unlock_notify_table) add(c chan struct{}) uint {
+	t.Lock()
+	defer t.Unlock()
+	h := t.seqnum
+	t.table[h] = c
+	t.seqnum++
+	return h
+}
+
+func (t *unlock_notify_table) remove(h uint) {
+	t.Lock()
+	defer t.Unlock()
+	delete(t.table, h)
+}
+
+func (t *unlock_notify_table) get(h uint) chan struct{} {
+	t.Lock()
+	defer t.Unlock()
+	c, ok := t.table[h]
+	if !ok {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Non-existent key for unlcok-notify channel: %d", h))
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+//export unlock_notify_callback
+func unlock_notify_callback(argv unsafe.Pointer, argc C.int) {
+	for i := 0; i < int(argc); i++ {
+		parg := ((*(*[(math.MaxInt32 - 1) / unsafe.Sizeof((*C.uint)(nil))]*[1]uint)(argv))[i])
+		arg := *parg
+		h := arg[0]
+		c := unt.get(h)
+		c <- struct{}{}
+	}
+}
+
+//export unlock_notify_wait
+func unlock_notify_wait(db *C.sqlite3) C.int {
+	// It has to be a bufferred channel to not block in sqlite_unlock_notify
+	// as sqlite_unlock_notify could invoke the callback before it returns.
+	c := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	defer close(c)
+
+	h := unt.add(c)
+	defer unt.remove(h)
+
+	pargv := C.malloc(C.sizeof_uint)
+	defer C.free(pargv)
+
+	argv := (*[1]uint)(pargv)
+	argv[0] = h
+	if rv := C.sqlite3_unlock_notify(db, (*[0]byte)(C.unlock_notify_callback), unsafe.Pointer(pargv)); rv != C.SQLITE_OK {
+		return rv
+	}
+
+	<-c
+
+	return C.SQLITE_OK
+}
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_vacuum_full.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_vacuum_full.go
index a202c80d96d1aad70d92efa61f9b239017eb1750..5185a96d0cbc0b146313d414d8589a5502ce5ff0 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_vacuum_full.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_vacuum_full.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 // Copyright (C) 2018 G.J.R. Timmer <gjr.timmer@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_vacuum_incr.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_vacuum_incr.go
index 62bbf506c3b036d1c466500a38c93f9a67239b03..a9d8a185c93661858433d04b1e7209c3da0ee341 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_vacuum_incr.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_vacuum_incr.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 // Copyright (C) 2018 G.J.R. Timmer <gjr.timmer@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_vtable.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_vtable.go
index 73d66c00d7a70c15e08dc1b6da002c9be0c433ae..8fd6cdffe71eb40d8ffe6fb744b05394844d2ffa 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_vtable.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_opt_vtable.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
@@ -226,11 +226,43 @@ static sqlite3_module goModule = {
 	0	                     // xRollbackTo
 };
 
+// See https://sqlite.org/vtab.html#eponymous_only_virtual_tables
+static sqlite3_module goModuleEponymousOnly = {
+	0,                       // iVersion
+	0,                       // xCreate - create a table, which here is null
+	cXConnect,               // xConnect - connect to an existing table
+	cXBestIndex,             // xBestIndex - Determine search strategy
+	cXDisconnect,            // xDisconnect - Disconnect from a table
+	cXDestroy,               // xDestroy - Drop a table
+	cXOpen,                  // xOpen - open a cursor
+	cXClose,                 // xClose - close a cursor
+	cXFilter,                // xFilter - configure scan constraints
+	cXNext,                  // xNext - advance a cursor
+	cXEof,                   // xEof
+	cXColumn,                // xColumn - read data
+	cXRowid,                 // xRowid - read data
+	cXUpdate,                // xUpdate - write data
+// Not implemented
+	0,                       // xBegin - begin transaction
+	0,                       // xSync - sync transaction
+	0,                       // xCommit - commit transaction
+	0,                       // xRollback - rollback transaction
+	0,                       // xFindFunction - function overloading
+	0,                       // xRename - rename the table
+	0,                       // xSavepoint
+	0,                       // xRelease
+	0	                     // xRollbackTo
+};
+
 void goMDestroy(void*);
 
 static int _sqlite3_create_module(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, uintptr_t pClientData) {
   return sqlite3_create_module_v2(db, zName, &goModule, (void*) pClientData, goMDestroy);
 }
+
+static int _sqlite3_create_module_eponymous_only(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, uintptr_t pClientData) {
+  return sqlite3_create_module_v2(db, zName, &goModuleEponymousOnly, (void*) pClientData, goMDestroy);
+}
 */
 import "C"
 
@@ -288,10 +320,13 @@ type InfoOrderBy struct {
 }
 
 func constraints(info *C.sqlite3_index_info) []InfoConstraint {
-	l := info.nConstraint
-	slice := (*[1 << 30]C.struct_sqlite3_index_constraint)(unsafe.Pointer(info.aConstraint))[:l:l]
+	slice := *(*[]C.struct_sqlite3_index_constraint)(unsafe.Pointer(&reflect.SliceHeader{
+		Data: uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(info.aConstraint)),
+		Len:  int(info.nConstraint),
+		Cap:  int(info.nConstraint),
+	}))
 
-	cst := make([]InfoConstraint, 0, l)
+	cst := make([]InfoConstraint, 0, len(slice))
 	for _, c := range slice {
 		var usable bool
 		if c.usable > 0 {
@@ -307,10 +342,13 @@ func constraints(info *C.sqlite3_index_info) []InfoConstraint {
 }
 
 func orderBys(info *C.sqlite3_index_info) []InfoOrderBy {
-	l := info.nOrderBy
-	slice := (*[1 << 30]C.struct_sqlite3_index_orderby)(unsafe.Pointer(info.aOrderBy))[:l:l]
+	slice := *(*[]C.struct_sqlite3_index_orderby)(unsafe.Pointer(&reflect.SliceHeader{
+		Data: uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(info.aOrderBy)),
+		Len:  int(info.nOrderBy),
+		Cap:  int(info.nOrderBy),
+	}))
 
-	ob := make([]InfoOrderBy, 0, l)
+	ob := make([]InfoOrderBy, 0, len(slice))
 	for _, c := range slice {
 		var desc bool
 		if c.desc > 0 {
@@ -347,7 +385,7 @@ func mPrintf(format, arg string) *C.char {
 
 //export goMInit
 func goMInit(db, pClientData unsafe.Pointer, argc C.int, argv **C.char, pzErr **C.char, isCreate C.int) C.uintptr_t {
-	m := lookupHandle(uintptr(pClientData)).(*sqliteModule)
+	m := lookupHandle(pClientData).(*sqliteModule)
 	if m.c.db != (*C.sqlite3)(db) {
 		*pzErr = mPrintf("%s", "Inconsistent db handles")
 		return 0
@@ -373,12 +411,12 @@ func goMInit(db, pClientData unsafe.Pointer, argc C.int, argv **C.char, pzErr **
 	}
 	vt := sqliteVTab{m, vTab}
 	*pzErr = nil
-	return C.uintptr_t(newHandle(m.c, &vt))
+	return C.uintptr_t(uintptr(newHandle(m.c, &vt)))
 }
 
 //export goVRelease
 func goVRelease(pVTab unsafe.Pointer, isDestroy C.int) *C.char {
-	vt := lookupHandle(uintptr(pVTab)).(*sqliteVTab)
+	vt := lookupHandle(pVTab).(*sqliteVTab)
 	var err error
 	if isDestroy == 1 {
 		err = vt.vTab.Destroy()
@@ -393,7 +431,7 @@ func goVRelease(pVTab unsafe.Pointer, isDestroy C.int) *C.char {
 
 //export goVOpen
 func goVOpen(pVTab unsafe.Pointer, pzErr **C.char) C.uintptr_t {
-	vt := lookupHandle(uintptr(pVTab)).(*sqliteVTab)
+	vt := lookupHandle(pVTab).(*sqliteVTab)
 	vTabCursor, err := vt.vTab.Open()
 	if err != nil {
 		*pzErr = mPrintf("%s", err.Error())
@@ -401,12 +439,12 @@ func goVOpen(pVTab unsafe.Pointer, pzErr **C.char) C.uintptr_t {
 	}
 	vtc := sqliteVTabCursor{vt, vTabCursor}
 	*pzErr = nil
-	return C.uintptr_t(newHandle(vt.module.c, &vtc))
+	return C.uintptr_t(uintptr(newHandle(vt.module.c, &vtc)))
 }
 
 //export goVBestIndex
 func goVBestIndex(pVTab unsafe.Pointer, icp unsafe.Pointer) *C.char {
-	vt := lookupHandle(uintptr(pVTab)).(*sqliteVTab)
+	vt := lookupHandle(pVTab).(*sqliteVTab)
 	info := (*C.sqlite3_index_info)(icp)
 	csts := constraints(info)
 	res, err := vt.vTab.BestIndex(csts, orderBys(info))
@@ -418,13 +456,17 @@ func goVBestIndex(pVTab unsafe.Pointer, icp unsafe.Pointer) *C.char {
 	}
 
 	// Get a pointer to constraint_usage struct so we can update in place.
-	l := info.nConstraint
-	s := (*[1 << 30]C.struct_sqlite3_index_constraint_usage)(unsafe.Pointer(info.aConstraintUsage))[:l:l]
+
+	slice := *(*[]C.struct_sqlite3_index_constraint_usage)(unsafe.Pointer(&reflect.SliceHeader{
+		Data: uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(info.aConstraintUsage)),
+		Len:  int(info.nConstraint),
+		Cap:  int(info.nConstraint),
+	}))
 	index := 1
-	for i := C.int(0); i < info.nConstraint; i++ {
+	for i := range slice {
 		if res.Used[i] {
-			s[i].argvIndex = C.int(index)
-			s[i].omit = C.uchar(1)
+			slice[i].argvIndex = C.int(index)
+			slice[i].omit = C.uchar(1)
 			index++
 		}
 	}
@@ -445,7 +487,7 @@ func goVBestIndex(pVTab unsafe.Pointer, icp unsafe.Pointer) *C.char {
 
 //export goVClose
 func goVClose(pCursor unsafe.Pointer) *C.char {
-	vtc := lookupHandle(uintptr(pCursor)).(*sqliteVTabCursor)
+	vtc := lookupHandle(pCursor).(*sqliteVTabCursor)
 	err := vtc.vTabCursor.Close()
 	if err != nil {
 		return mPrintf("%s", err.Error())
@@ -455,13 +497,13 @@ func goVClose(pCursor unsafe.Pointer) *C.char {
 
 //export goMDestroy
 func goMDestroy(pClientData unsafe.Pointer) {
-	m := lookupHandle(uintptr(pClientData)).(*sqliteModule)
+	m := lookupHandle(pClientData).(*sqliteModule)
 	m.module.DestroyModule()
 }
 
 //export goVFilter
 func goVFilter(pCursor unsafe.Pointer, idxNum C.int, idxName *C.char, argc C.int, argv **C.sqlite3_value) *C.char {
-	vtc := lookupHandle(uintptr(pCursor)).(*sqliteVTabCursor)
+	vtc := lookupHandle(pCursor).(*sqliteVTabCursor)
 	args := (*[(math.MaxInt32 - 1) / unsafe.Sizeof((*C.sqlite3_value)(nil))]*C.sqlite3_value)(unsafe.Pointer(argv))[:argc:argc]
 	vals := make([]interface{}, 0, argc)
 	for _, v := range args {
@@ -480,7 +522,7 @@ func goVFilter(pCursor unsafe.Pointer, idxNum C.int, idxName *C.char, argc C.int
 
 //export goVNext
 func goVNext(pCursor unsafe.Pointer) *C.char {
-	vtc := lookupHandle(uintptr(pCursor)).(*sqliteVTabCursor)
+	vtc := lookupHandle(pCursor).(*sqliteVTabCursor)
 	err := vtc.vTabCursor.Next()
 	if err != nil {
 		return mPrintf("%s", err.Error())
@@ -490,7 +532,7 @@ func goVNext(pCursor unsafe.Pointer) *C.char {
 
 //export goVEof
 func goVEof(pCursor unsafe.Pointer) C.int {
-	vtc := lookupHandle(uintptr(pCursor)).(*sqliteVTabCursor)
+	vtc := lookupHandle(pCursor).(*sqliteVTabCursor)
 	err := vtc.vTabCursor.EOF()
 	if err {
 		return 1
@@ -500,7 +542,7 @@ func goVEof(pCursor unsafe.Pointer) C.int {
 
 //export goVColumn
 func goVColumn(pCursor, cp unsafe.Pointer, col C.int) *C.char {
-	vtc := lookupHandle(uintptr(pCursor)).(*sqliteVTabCursor)
+	vtc := lookupHandle(pCursor).(*sqliteVTabCursor)
 	c := (*SQLiteContext)(cp)
 	err := vtc.vTabCursor.Column(c, int(col))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -511,7 +553,7 @@ func goVColumn(pCursor, cp unsafe.Pointer, col C.int) *C.char {
 
 //export goVRowid
 func goVRowid(pCursor unsafe.Pointer, pRowid *C.sqlite3_int64) *C.char {
-	vtc := lookupHandle(uintptr(pCursor)).(*sqliteVTabCursor)
+	vtc := lookupHandle(pCursor).(*sqliteVTabCursor)
 	rowid, err := vtc.vTabCursor.Rowid()
 	if err != nil {
 		return mPrintf("%s", err.Error())
@@ -522,7 +564,7 @@ func goVRowid(pCursor unsafe.Pointer, pRowid *C.sqlite3_int64) *C.char {
 
 //export goVUpdate
 func goVUpdate(pVTab unsafe.Pointer, argc C.int, argv **C.sqlite3_value, pRowid *C.sqlite3_int64) *C.char {
-	vt := lookupHandle(uintptr(pVTab)).(*sqliteVTab)
+	vt := lookupHandle(pVTab).(*sqliteVTab)
 
 	var tname string
 	if n, ok := vt.vTab.(interface {
@@ -585,6 +627,13 @@ type Module interface {
 	DestroyModule()
 }
 
+// EponymousOnlyModule is a "virtual table module" (as above), but
+// for defining "eponymous only" virtual tables See: https://sqlite.org/vtab.html#eponymous_only_virtual_tables
+type EponymousOnlyModule interface {
+	Module
+	EponymousOnlyModule()
+}
+
 // VTab describes a particular instance of the virtual table.
 // See: http://sqlite.org/c3ref/vtab.html
 type VTab interface {
@@ -642,9 +691,19 @@ func (c *SQLiteConn) CreateModule(moduleName string, module Module) error {
 	mname := C.CString(moduleName)
 	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(mname))
 	udm := sqliteModule{c, moduleName, module}
-	rv := C._sqlite3_create_module(c.db, mname, C.uintptr_t(newHandle(c, &udm)))
-	if rv != C.SQLITE_OK {
-		return c.lastError()
+	switch module.(type) {
+	case EponymousOnlyModule:
+		rv := C._sqlite3_create_module_eponymous_only(c.db, mname, C.uintptr_t(uintptr(newHandle(c, &udm))))
+		if rv != C.SQLITE_OK {
+			return c.lastError()
+		}
+		return nil
+	case Module:
+		rv := C._sqlite3_create_module(c.db, mname, C.uintptr_t(uintptr(newHandle(c, &udm))))
+		if rv != C.SQLITE_OK {
+			return c.lastError()
+		}
+		return nil
 	}
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_other.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_other.go
index 71778fc494171d1573d8898e680e903998895e7b..077d3c644ed83718b9e5a17aa4b394b639d503b5 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_other.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_other.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_solaris.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_solaris.go
index 40b2b2f02a1ee9d2f995d11656d7f21da662d358..102f90c9ad5a72373a518e1c989a1554f0ce896d 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_solaris.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_solaris.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2018 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_trace.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_trace.go
index ee93a0f08800f685db29a137474201b1cdad3b73..4c8d9928a82eedf65b309bb6c26239bd53a49919 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_trace.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_trace.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2016 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ func fillExpandedSQL(info *TraceInfo, db *C.sqlite3, pStmt unsafe.Pointer) {
 	}
 
 	expSQLiteCStr := C.sqlite3_expanded_sql((*C.sqlite3_stmt)(pStmt))
+	defer C.sqlite3_free(unsafe.Pointer(expSQLiteCStr))
 	if expSQLiteCStr == nil {
 		fillDBError(&info.DBError, db)
 		return
@@ -214,7 +215,6 @@ func addTraceMapping(connHandle uintptr, traceConf TraceConfig) {
 			traceConf, connHandle, oldEntryCopy.config))
 	}
 	traceMap[connHandle] = traceMapEntry{config: traceConf}
-	fmt.Printf("Added trace config %v: handle 0x%x.\n", traceConf, connHandle)
 }
 
 func lookupTraceMapping(connHandle uintptr) (TraceConfig, bool) {
@@ -233,7 +233,6 @@ func popTraceMapping(connHandle uintptr) (TraceConfig, bool) {
 	entryCopy, found := traceMap[connHandle]
 	if found {
 		delete(traceMap, connHandle)
-		fmt.Printf("Pop handle 0x%x: deleted trace config %v.\n", connHandle, entryCopy.config)
 	}
 	return entryCopy.config, found
 }
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_type.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_type.go
index 200d071cd07d917504d337767c9cf95f40702e29..b4128db4b3b8d8983955345e20bb413ee0c57b8d 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_type.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_type.go
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+//
+// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
 package sqlite3
 
 /*
@@ -26,12 +31,12 @@ func (rc *SQLiteRows) ColumnTypeLength(index int) (length int64, ok bool) {
 func (rc *SQLiteRows) ColumnTypePrecisionScale(index int) (precision, scale int64, ok bool) {
 	return 0, 0, false
 }
-*/
 
 // ColumnTypeNullable implement RowsColumnTypeNullable.
 func (rc *SQLiteRows) ColumnTypeNullable(i int) (nullable, ok bool) {
-	return true, true
+	return false, false
 }
+*/
 
 // ColumnTypeScanType implement RowsColumnTypeScanType.
 func (rc *SQLiteRows) ColumnTypeScanType(i int) reflect.Type {
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_usleep_windows.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_usleep_windows.go
index 1971a480e6c3c18894046267bdc735481c8d6b7e..b6739bf62cafad8c309fbf5d030c5ab20395eb03 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_usleep_windows.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_usleep_windows.go
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ package sqlite3
 // This code should improve performance on windows because
 // without the presence of usleep SQLite waits 1 second.
 //
-// Source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5801813/c-usleep-is-obsolete-workarounds-for-windows-mingw?utm_medium=organic&utm_source=google_rich_qa&utm_campaign=google_rich_qa
+// Source:  https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/PHP-5.0/win32/time.c
+// License: https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/PHP-5.0/LICENSE
+// Details: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5801813/c-usleep-is-obsolete-workarounds-for-windows-mingw?utm_medium=organic&utm_source=google_rich_qa&utm_campaign=google_rich_qa
 
 /*
 #include <windows.h>
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_windows.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_windows.go
index 4222e7f90e60fa286e8392bfb9bc7fed6d7185e6..9df196145264c74a798271418bccd2fea8321ce7 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_windows.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3_windows.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2014 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
 //
 // Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3ext.h b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3ext.h
index 50e6866ac45667bdd1250caddfbfd27fe493827a..b2b6e0c8ddae8b0a9c8493fba3dd22a1243dcfa2 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3ext.h
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/sqlite3ext.h
@@ -311,12 +311,33 @@ struct sqlite3_api_routines {
   int (*str_errcode)(sqlite3_str*);
   int (*str_length)(sqlite3_str*);
   char *(*str_value)(sqlite3_str*);
+  /* Version 3.25.0 and later */
   int (*create_window_function)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int,void*,
                             void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
                             void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
                             void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
                             void (*xInv)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
                             void(*xDestroy)(void*));
+  /* Version 3.26.0 and later */
+  const char *(*normalized_sql)(sqlite3_stmt*);
+  /* Version 3.28.0 and later */
+  int (*stmt_isexplain)(sqlite3_stmt*);
+  int (*value_frombind)(sqlite3_value*);
+  /* Version 3.30.0 and later */
+  int (*drop_modules)(sqlite3*,const char**);
+  /* Version 3.31.0 and later */
+  sqlite3_int64 (*hard_heap_limit64)(sqlite3_int64);
+  const char *(*uri_key)(const char*,int);
+  const char *(*filename_database)(const char*);
+  const char *(*filename_journal)(const char*);
+  const char *(*filename_wal)(const char*);
+  /* Version 3.32.0 and later */
+  char *(*create_filename)(const char*,const char*,const char*,
+                           int,const char**);
+  void (*free_filename)(char*);
+  sqlite3_file *(*database_file_object)(const char*);
+  /* Version 3.34.0 and later */
+  int (*txn_state)(sqlite3*,const char*);
 };
 
 /*
@@ -604,6 +625,25 @@ typedef int (*sqlite3_loadext_entry)(
 #define sqlite3_str_value              sqlite3_api->str_value
 /* Version 3.25.0 and later */
 #define sqlite3_create_window_function sqlite3_api->create_window_function
+/* Version 3.26.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_normalized_sql         sqlite3_api->normalized_sql
+/* Version 3.28.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_stmt_isexplain         sqlite3_api->stmt_isexplain
+#define sqlite3_value_frombind         sqlite3_api->value_frombind
+/* Version 3.30.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_drop_modules           sqlite3_api->drop_modules
+/* Version 3.31.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64      sqlite3_api->hard_heap_limit64
+#define sqlite3_uri_key                sqlite3_api->uri_key
+#define sqlite3_filename_database      sqlite3_api->filename_database
+#define sqlite3_filename_journal       sqlite3_api->filename_journal
+#define sqlite3_filename_wal           sqlite3_api->filename_wal
+/* Version 3.32.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_create_filename        sqlite3_api->create_filename
+#define sqlite3_free_filename          sqlite3_api->free_filename
+#define sqlite3_database_file_object   sqlite3_api->database_file_object
+/* Version 3.34.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_txn_state              sqlite3_api->txn_state
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION) */
 
 #if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/static_mock.go b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/static_mock.go
index 48629d18a1fabd99787945281ede1f05bba93e0a..f19e842ff54629fc239ebd017fb233148aecbc3e 100644
--- a/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/static_mock.go
+++ b/vendor/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3/static_mock.go
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019 Yasuhiro Matsumoto <mattn.jp@gmail.com>.
+//
+// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
 // +build !cgo
 
 package sqlite3
@@ -8,14 +13,25 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 )
 
+var errorMsg = errors.New("Binary was compiled with 'CGO_ENABLED=0', go-sqlite3 requires cgo to work. This is a stub")
+
 func init() {
-	sql.Register("sqlite3", &SQLiteDriverMock{})
+	sql.Register("sqlite3", &SQLiteDriver{})
 }
 
-type SQLiteDriverMock struct{}
-
-var errorMsg = errors.New("Binary was compiled with 'CGO_ENABLED=0', go-sqlite3 requires cgo to work. This is a stub")
+type (
+	SQLiteDriver struct {
+		Extensions  []string
+		ConnectHook func(*SQLiteConn) error
+	}
+	SQLiteConn struct{}
+)
 
-func (SQLiteDriverMock) Open(s string) (driver.Conn, error) {
-	return nil, errorMsg
-}
+func (SQLiteDriver) Open(s string) (driver.Conn, error)                        { return nil, errorMsg }
+func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterAggregator(string, interface{}, bool) error       { return errorMsg }
+func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterAuthorizer(func(int, string, string, string) int) {}
+func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterCollation(string, func(string, string) int) error { return errorMsg }
+func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterCommitHook(func() int)                            {}
+func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterFunc(string, interface{}, bool) error             { return errorMsg }
+func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterRollbackHook(func())                              {}
+func (c *SQLiteConn) RegisterUpdateHook(func(int, string, string, int64))      {}
diff --git a/vendor/modules.txt b/vendor/modules.txt
index 12d8f8ec390a9f430ce9af60f11eb860abbb0892..d2e7e931e2e181759c93e825a38c2e8a2c3a8669 100644
--- a/vendor/modules.txt
+++ b/vendor/modules.txt
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ github.com/lib/pq/oid
 github.com/lib/pq/scram
 # github.com/lunixbochs/struc v0.0.0-20200707160740-784aaebc1d40
 github.com/lunixbochs/struc
-# github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v0.0.0-20180926090220-0a88db3545c4
+# github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.6
 ## explicit
 github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
 # github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.1